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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 305-R-08-001
July 2008
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Table of Contents
National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2005
I ntrod uction 1
What Information is in This Report? 2
Findings 4
Public Water System Sizes and Types 4
Overall Compliance Picture 4
Health-Based Drinking Water Standards 4
Monitoring and Reporting Drinking Water Standards 5
Community Water Systems 7
Non-Community Water Systems 7
How Does EPA Help PWS Comply With Requirements? 7
What Happens to Systems that Violate the Requirements? 8
What is the Quality of the Data EPA Uses For This Report? 9
What is EPA Doing to Improve Data Quality? 9
How Does EPA Evaluate State Reports? 10
Conclusions And Recommendations 11
Comparison of 2004 and 2005 Data 11
TCR and Chemical Violations 11
Implementation of Prior Year Recommendations 11
2005 Report Recommendations 12
National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country in 2005
I ntrod uction 15
Public Water Systems In Indian Country 15
Public Water Systems I n Alaska And Oklahoma 15
Data Quality 15
Findings 15
Compliance Assistance And Enforcement 17
Financial Assistance 18
Conclusions And Recommendations 18
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Appendix A
Glossary of Terms A-l
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports B-l
Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands C-l
List of Tables
Table A-l: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports A-4
Table A-2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 2005 A-5
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States B-5
June 2008 Page ii 2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report-Table of Contents
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National Summary of
Public Water Systems Compliance in 2005
INTRODUCTION
The National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report for 2005 describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its
state and tribal partners are meeting the goal of
ensuring that Americans receive safe drinking
water from public water systems.
Some of the ways that EPA measures attaining
this goal is to track the number of public water
systems that may not be meeting health-based
drinking water standards, or monitoring and
reporting requirements.
In 2005, the primacy agencies did not report a
violation of a health-based drinking water
standard for 93% of America's public water
systems.
EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems
Public Water Systems
A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that
provides water for human consumption, if such
system has at least 15 service connections or
regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60
days out of the year. A public water system can be
one of three types:
Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15
service connections (which may include factories,
schools, or places of housing that are on the same
distribution system as residences) used by year-
round residences or regularly serve at least 25
year-round residents.
Non-transient Non-community Systems
(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year not at their residence
(e.g., schools or factories that have their own
water source).
Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS)
serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25)
over six months per year not at their residence
Compliance Report for every calendar year. This
report uses calendar year, which is from January
through December, while other reports or
databases may use the fiscal year which is from
October through September. The report is an
annual summary of reported violations at the
nation's public water systems. This report also
discusses the data we use to measure our success
and the progress we are making in our efforts to
increase data reliability and completeness. The
report also summarizes and evaluates annual
reports prepared by the states.1
The first part of this report provides a national
picture of the public water system compliance
using data from the Safe Drinking Water
Information System/Federal Version (SDWIS).
SDWIS is the national database where states and
tribes with primacy report annually to EPA
violations of the maximum contaminant levels,
treatment techniques, significant monitoring and
reporting, significant consumer notification,
variance and/or exemptions. EPA aggregates these
reported violations at all public water systems in
states, commonwealths, territories and in Indian
country to present a national summary of
violations, and then presents summaries of
significant monitoring and reporting violations,
significant public notification violations, and
violations of health-based standards at the
different kinds of public water systems.
The second part of this report presents
information on public water systems in Indian
country. A glossary of terms used in this report
appears in Appendix A.
Summaries and evaluations of completeness of
the states' annual public water systems reports
for 2005 are presented in Appendix B.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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June 2008
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The term "state" includes 57 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to Implement the drinking water
program within their jurisdiction. It also Includes the Navajo Nation, which received EPA approval to Implement Its drinking water
program on December 6, 2000. Federal approval to Implement the drinking water program Is called primary enforcement authority,
or "primacy." During calendar year 2005, EPA directly Implemented the drinking water program In Wyoming, the District of Columbia,
and throughout most of Indian country other than the Navajo Nation. EPA Is responsible for reporting violations In areas where the
Agency directly Implements the program.
How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe?
Information Sent to Customers: Information on the Internet:
Consumer Confidence Report
(http ://www. epa. gov/ogwd w/ccr/pdfs/q rg_ccr_2 004. pdf)
Every community water system is required to produce a
yearly report identifying the contaminants detected in its
water and the risks of exposure to those contaminants.
The annual water quality report or consumer confidence
report (CCR) provides customers with a more complete
picture of drinking water quality and systems operations.
The annual CCR tells customers what is in their water,
where it comes from, and where they can obtain
additional information. Large systems are required to mail
the report to their customers. While medium systems and
small systems are required to produce the report, these
systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing
requirement. Very small systems are only required to print
the report in the local newspaper.
Public Notification Rule (http://www.epa.gov/
safewater/publicnotification/index.html) Public water
systems must notify their customers if there has been a
violation of drinking water standards. Public notification is
intended to ensure that consumers will always know if
there is a problem with their drinking water. Public water
systems must notify the people who drink their water if
the level of a contaminant in the water exceeds EPA,
State, or tribal drinking water regulations, if there is a
waterborne disease outbreak or any other situation that
may pose a risk to the public health, if the water system
fails to test its water as required, or if the system has a
variance or exemption from the regulations. Depending on
the severity of the situation water suppliers have 24 hours
to one year to notify their customers. Public notification is
provided in addition to the CCR.
WHAT INFORMATION IS IN THIS REPORT?
This report uses information from SDWIS/FED,
the national database where EPA records
information that the states are required to report
about their public water systems. For the national
public water system compliance reports, EPA
examines SDWIS/FED records of violations of
primary drinking water regulations that specify:
Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater)
Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act,
individual water systems, contaminants that may be in
drinking water, and what individuals can do to help
protect sources of their drinking water.
Additional Information:
Call the Community Water System Billing statements
should provide a number to call with questions.
State Public Water Systems Compliance Report Each
state's annual report discusses the violations at its public
water systems. Most state reports include a list of
violating facilities.
National Public Water Systems Compliance Report (this
report) Summarizes all reported violations at America's
public water systems.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791)
Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers order
documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA experts
if they need more information.
Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro)
Allows the public to access EPA databases containing
information on environmental activities that may affect
air, water, and land anywhere in the United States.
1) the maximum permissible level of a
contaminant in water that is delivered to any user
of a public water system (Maximum Contaminant
Level or MCL); 2) techniques for treating water to
make it safe; 3) monitoring and reporting
requirements (how and when water must be
tested and the results reported); and 4)
significant user notification violations.
While SDWIS/FED collects information on all
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monitoring and reporting violations, only
"significant"2-monitoring and reporting
violations are counted in this report. A
"significant" monitoring and reporting violation
occurs, with rare exceptions, when no samples
are taken or no results are reported during a
compliance period. Table A-l provides a more
detailed description of significant monitoring
violations for the different rules.
This report tabulates only "significant" monitoring and reporting and notification (e.g., CCR) violations. Table A1 presents
descriptions of significant monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations.
June 2007 Page 2
2004 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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A significant user notification violation occurs
when a community water system completely
failed to provide to its users a required report.
Significant user notification violations include
violations of the Consumer Confidence Report
Regulation and violations of the Public
Notification Regulations.
The information provided in the Consumer
Confidence Report (CCR) will supplement
public notification that water systems must
provide to their customers upon discovering
any violation of a contaminant standard. The
CCR should not be the primary notification of
potential health risk posed by drinking water,
but will provide customers with a snapshot of
the quality of their drinking water supply.
Public notification helps to ensure that
consumers receive timely information about
problems with their drinking water. These
public notification requirements have always
been a part of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
EPA routinely evaluates state programs by
conducting data verification audits and triennial
national data quality assessments. The most
recent triennial review revealed that 81% of the
apparent MCL/treatment technique violations and
29% of the apparent monitoring and reporting
violations had been reported to SDWIS/FED.
Since the reviews, EPA and the primacy agencies
have worked towards the identification and
resolution of any problems that may have
produced data discrepancies in the past, and to
prevent the occurrence of future problems. More
discussions of data quality concerns, triennial
reviews, and EPAs recommendations appear
later in this report.
FINDINGS
Public Water System Sizes and Types
In 2005, 157,857 public water systems
together served over 303 million users. The
actual number of individuals served was
smaller, because millions of Americans drank
water from, and were counted as users by,
more than one public water system during the
course of the year.
Percentage of Systems by Type
D Community
Transient Non-Community
n Non-Transient Non-Community
52,578 community water systems served almost
283 million people in their primary residences.
19,194 non-transient non-community systems
(i.e., schools, factories) served over 6 million
people in places they frequented.
86,085 transient non-community systems (i.e.,
campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a
constantly changing user base of over 14
million people.
Most public water systems were small, but
large systems served a majority of the people
who drank water from a public water system.
100%
80%
60%
Size vs. Users Served
94%
Small Systems
Large Systems
D Percentage of Systems Percentage of Users Served
94% of America's public water systems
(including nearly all of the transient non-
community systems) served 3,300 or fewer
users. Together, these 148,780 small systems
provided service to only 13% of all users.
Because approximately 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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approximately 9% of the population is served by them, this report omits a separate discussion of "medium" systems.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary Page 5 June 2008
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3% of America's public water systems served
more than 10,000 users. Together, these 4,102
large systems provided service to 77% of all
users.
Overall Compliance Picture
Most Americans received drinking water from
public water systems that recorded no
significant violations in 2005.
Drinking Water Systems without Significant
Violations Reported by States
D Violation of Some Kind
No Violation
For 73% of the public water systems in America,
the states reported no health-based violation or
significant monitoring and reporting violation.
The states reported either a health-based
violation, a significant monitoring and reporting
violation, or a significant CCR violation at 42,445
public water systems in 2005.
Percentage of Population Served by Systems
without State-Reported Significant Violations
a health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and reporting
requirement, and issued a consumer confidence
report, if required.
There were 10,858 reported violations of the
CCR Rule in 2 005.
No violations of variances or exemptions were
reported by the states to SDWIS/FED during
2005.
Under Federal law, states can grant variances
or exemptions to public water systems in
limited circumstances allowing them to install
alternative technology or giving them more time
to meet a standard if public health is adequately
protected in the interim. For the few public
water systems that were operating under a
variance or exemption in 2005, no states
reported a violation of the variance or
exemption.
Health-Based Drinking Water Standards
93% of America's public water systems,
serving 90% of the users, did not have any
reported violations of health-based drinking
water standards in 2005.
PWS with No Health-Based Violations
Reported by States
D Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations
Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations
D Users Served by PWS without Reported
Significant Violation
Users Served by PWS with Reported
Significant Violation
72% of the population served by public water
systems received drinking water from a system
that did not have any state-reported violations of
The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total
Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based standard
most frequently violated. SDWIS/FED recorded
18,411 violations of health-based standards in
2005. The increase in health-based violations
reflects the increase in violations of the
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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Disinfection By-Product Rule. The universe of
PWS impacted by this rule recently expanded.
Fifty percent (50%) of these violations were
violations of the MCL for the Total Coliform Rule
(TCR), which must be met by all types and sizes
of public water systems.4
The least violated health-based standards were
the treatment technique requirements for the
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(IESWTR) with just over two hundred violations
reported in 2005. Only the largest public water
systems are subject to the IESWTR.
Type of Reported Significant Violation
Reported by States
100%
90%
80%
Percentage of Violations by Rule as
Reported by States
Chem TCR LCR SWTR/IESW DBPR
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
D Percentage of Monitoring and Reporting Violations
Monitoring and Reporting
Drinking Water Standards
71% of the 111,021 violations the states reported
to SDWIS/FED in 2005 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and report,
rather than a violation of a health-based
standard.
Health-Based
Monitoring and Reporting
D Public Notification and CCR
If a system did not monitor the quality of its
water, it is impossible to know if it has violated
a health-based requirement. For this reason, a
system's significant failure to monitor and
report is a major violation that must be
addressed and corrected.
35% of the 78,873 significant monitoring and
reporting violations reported by the states were
violations of the requirements of the Chemical
Contaminant Group. In 2005 the states
reported 50% fewer Chemical Contaminant
Group monitoring and reporting violations than
in 2004. This is due to the cyclical pattern of
the monitoring requirements of the Chemical
Contaminant Group.
41% of the 78,873 significant monitoring and
reporting violations reported by the states were
violations of the requirements of the TCR. The
states reported 2% more TCR monitoring and
reporting violations than the previous year.
For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in five categories: 1) chemical contaminants
(Chem) violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants compliance with
many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample resulting in a
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); 4) surface water
treatment (SWTR) Interim Enhanced Surface Water (IESWTR), filter backwash recycling rule; Long Term Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule; and 5) Disinfection By-Product Rule (DBPR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their
presence in drinking water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous microbes.
June 2008 Page 8 2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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Does a Health-Based Violation Mean Drinking the Water Causes Illness?
It is important to note that a public water system's
violation of a health-based standard does not mean that
the people who drank the system's water got sick. A
health-based violation means either that the system has
exposed its users to what EPA has judged as an
unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system has failed
to treat its water to the extent EPA has judged necessary
to protect its users from an unreasonable risk of illness in
the event that the regulated contaminant is present in
source water. Many variables affect the likelihood of
illness resulting from health-based violations, among
them the duration of the violation, whether or not the
violation occurred in an isolated section of a complex
public water system, and the extent to which
contamination exceeds the allowable level.
While modern treatment systems have substantially
reduced the incidence of waterborne disease, drinking
water contamination remains a significant health risk
management challenge. Studies by the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) indicate that between 1980 and
1998 there were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to
contamination in drinking water resulting in an estimated
511,000 cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996;
Levy et al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of
outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water systems.
Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness were
associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium outbreak in
Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an estimated 403,000
cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994; McDonald et al. 2001).
The number of waterborne disease outbreaks identified
and reported in the CDC database is believed, however,
to understate the actual incidence of outbreaks and cases
of illness (Craun and Calderon, 1996; National Research
Council, 1997). The most recent CDC report on outbreak
data for 2001-2002 is available at
http:www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5308.pdf.
Recognized and reported waterborne disease outbreaks
are usually the result of exposure to waterborne
pathogens that cause acute gastrointestinal illness with
diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting.
Because such illnesses are generally of short duration in
healthy people, many individuals experiencing these
symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where medical
attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may not be
identified through routine testing. Consequently,
outbreaks are often not recognized in a community or, if
recognized, are not traced to a drinking water source.
Moreover, an unknown but probably significant portion of
waterborne disease is endemic (i.e., isolated cases not
associated with an outbreak) and, thus, is even more
difficult to recognize. Waterborne disease information
does not include information on diseases that would be
caused by contaminants with chronic effects.
EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide an
adequate margin of safety not just for healthy people, but
also for populations that are at greater risk from
waterborne disease. These sensitive subpopulations
include children (especially the very young), the elderly,
the malnourished, pregnant women, the disease-impaired
(e.g., those with diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad
category of those with compromised immune systems,
such as AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders
(e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple
sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on
chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised
persons are more likely than healthy individuals to
contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration of
their illness is often greater, and they are at a greater risk
of death.
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2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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Community Water Systems
Non-Community Water Systems
Although community water systems make up only
one-third of the public water systems in America,
they serve 93% of population served by public
water systems.
72% of the population served by community
water systems received drinking water from a
system with no state-reported violations of a
health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement, and issued a consumer
confidence report as required.
About 19,600 (37%) out of the over 52,500
community water systems had significant
violations. Of the approximately 283 million
users served in their primary residence by
community water systems, approximately 80
million (28%) received their water from one of
the violating community water systems.
Approximately 2,400 (27%) of the more than
8,800 larger community water systems serving
more than 3,300 users had significant
violations reported by the states. These violating
larger community systems served more than 71
million (25%) of the 283 million users served in
their primary residence by community water
systems.
Of the approximately 43,700 small community
water systems serving 3,300 or fewer users in
their primary residence, over 17,200 (39%) had
significant violations. Over 8.2 million (3%)
users were served by these small community
water systems.
The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule
requires all community water systems to
provide an annual report to customers
identifying the contaminants detected in their
water and the health risks associated with those
contaminants. As reported by the states to
SDWIS/FED, 86% of community water systems
complied with the CCR Rule.
Approximately 82,200 (78%) out of over
105,000 non-community water systems had no
significant violations. The vast majority of the
violating systems were small non-community
water systems serving 3,300 users or less.
Together these small systems with significant
violations served only 3.4 million (17%) users
out of the approximately 20 million users
served by non-community water systems.
65 (25%) out of 258 larger non-community
water systems serving more than 3,300 users
had significant violations. Together these 65
larger non-community systems served only
about 614,800 (3%) users of the approximately
20 million users served by non-community
water systems.
HOW DOES EPA HELP PWS
COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS?
Primacy States and EPA engage in a variety of
activities to help public water systems remain in
and return to compliance, including formal
enforcement actions, informal actions, and
compliance and technical assistance. State and
EPA compliance assistance efforts to help a
source remain in or return to compliance may
include:
conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys at
public water systems (i.e., an on-site review of
the water sources, facilities, equipment,
operations, and maintenance to evaluate their
adequacy in producing and distributing safe
drinking water);
helping systems invest in preventive measures;
providing financial assistance for system
improvements through the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund and other State funding
programs;
reviewing water system plans and
specifications;
conducting training sessions;
holding public information meetings;
lending specialized monitoring equipment; and
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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publishing informational bulletins and educational opportunities.
newsletters on training events and other
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary Page 11 June 2008
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What Happens to Systems that Violate the
Requirements?
When a drinking water violation is detected and
providing compliance assistance to the violating
system is found not to be an effective method for
returning the system to compliance, EPA program
implementation guidelines require the primacy
agency, as a condition for receiving RPA funding,
to initiate an enforcement response. Acceptable
enforcement responses include a variety of formal
and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts
to return a violating public water system to
compliance as quickly as possible.
Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to
violations are informal actions such as:
compliance assistance as appropriate;
reminder letters;
warning letters;
notices of violation;
field visits; and
telephone calls.
If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy
agency must initiate a formal enforcement
response that requires the violating public water
system to return to compliance. Formal
enforcement responses include:
citations;
administrative orders with or without penalties;
civil referrals to state attorneys general or to the
Department of Justice;
other sanctions such as denying permission for
system expansion; and
filing criminal charges.
If a situation poses an imminent risk to public
health, EPA and the state can issue an emergency
order that requires the public water system to
take the steps necessary to protect public health
and return the system to compliance.
During 2005, EPA and its state partners initiated
4,878 enforcement actions in response to
drinking water violations at public water systems
in their jurisdictions. For new rules, EPA
generally has primary enforcement authority until
the States receive primacy for each new rule. EPA
implemented the drinking water program in
Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian
country, except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency
initiated enforcement responses in these areas
and occasionally in the states, often at a state's
invitation.5
In 2005 the states issued a total of 4,761 formal
enforcement actions, including 1,341
administrative orders without penalty, 1,047
administrative orders with penalty, 75 civil
referrals to the states' Attorneys General, 1,374
signed State Bilateral Compliance Agreements
(BCA), 901 state intentional no-actions, and 23
civil cases filed.
During the same period, EPA issued a total of
117 formal enforcement actions, including 108
federal administrative orders, 4 Federal
Emergency Orders, 3 Federal Intentional no
actions, and 2 signed Federal BCA.
These totals do not include informal enforcement
actions (i.e., warning letters, notices of violation),
compliance assistance activities, or the public
water systems that returned to compliance before
EPA and state procedures would require
initiation of a formal response.
EPA designates a public water system a
significant noncomplier if the system has serious,
frequent or persistent violations that may pose a
threat to public health. States and EPA give
significant noncompliers priority attention in
their efforts to return violators to compliance and
address violations with enforcement actions.
In calendar year 2005, EPA designated 13,070
public water systems significant noncompliers,
which was comparable to the number of public
water systems designated as significant
noncompliers in 2003 and 2004. Over 90% of
these significant noncompliers in all these years
served 3,300 or fewer users.
June 2008 Page 12
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal
enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns the
system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal enforcement
response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in a single enforcement
response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one reporting year are generally not
initiated until early in the following year.
June 2008 Page 13 2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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In 2005 states and EPA addressed 5,583
significant noncompliers. Of the noncompliers
addressed, 1,017 (18%) were new significant
noncompliers identified in 2005. The other
4,566 systems addressed were identified as
significant noncompliers in 2004 and earlier.
The totals for significant noncompliers
addressed do not take into account public water
systems that are no longer significant
noncompliers because of informal enforcement
actions or compliance assistance, or public
water systems that returned to compliance
before EPA and state procedures would require
initiation of a formal response.
WHAT IS THE QUALITY OF THE
DATA EPA USES FOR THIS REPORT?
The data used in this report came from EPAs
national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is
composed of data that primacy states are
required to submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter.
EPA uses information in SDWIS/FED to assess
progress in the implementation of regulations, to
develop national enforcement and compliance
priorities, and to provide information to the
public.
EPA periodically conducts data verifications
(independent, on-site audits) of primacy state and
tribal drinking water programs to ensure that the
primacy state is determining compliance in
accordance with Federal regulations. Data
verifications help detect differences between data
in a state's files (whether electronic or hard copy)
and data in SDWIS/FED.
As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts
described in past National Public Water Systems
Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of
data verifications conducted from 1999 to 2001
and previously from 1996 through 1998. The
2002-2004 audits, which covered 38 states,
analyzed data from 2,658 public water systems.
The data audits reviewed inventory information
(identifying systems, their number, their size, and
their type), apparent violations that either were
reported or should have been reported, and any
enforcement actions initiated.
EPAs review showed that the quality of the
information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is
highly accurate, but the data are incomplete. This
finding principally reflects states' failure to
determine and assign a violation rather than a
preponderance of data management issues. Most
of the SDWIS/FED data quality problems EPA
identified were instances where violations that
should have been recorded and reported did not
appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA found that only a
small percentage of this incompleteness is
because SDWIS/FED will accept only properly
transferred data. EPAs analysis of the data
verifications found:
87% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED were
consistently reported.
The overall quality of TCR MCL violations data
in SDWIS/FED was 81%, quality of all health-
based violations was 77%, and quality of
monitoring and reporting violations was 27%.
Most of the discrepancies between apparent and
reported violations are because violations were
not reported.
29% of monitoring and reporting violations had
been reported to SDWIS/FED.
81% of the MCL/ SWTR treatment technique
violations had been reported to SDWIS/FED.
WHAT IS EPA DOING TO
IMPROVE DATA QUALITY?
EPA continues to work with its state partners to
identify and resolve any problems that may have
produced data discrepancies in the past and to
ensure that complete and accurate documentation
is available to help assess the safety of the
nations' drinking water.
The drinking water violation data improved
from the 1996-1998 timeframe to the 2002-
2004 timeframe. EPA has completed the Data
Reliability Report for the 2002-2004 timeframe.
EPA has set a goal of 90% accuracy for data
quality and is working closely with the
Association of State Drinking Water
Administrators (ASDWA) to implement an
action plan that will help the drinking water
program achieve this goal.
EPA and a subset of states established a
workgroup through ASDWA to implement its
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updated 2006 Data Reliability Analysis and
Action Plan (DRAAP). Implementation of the
plan began in 2005 ahead of the report release.
EPA will be working with all states to
implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing
with requirements for quality management
systems.
Changes to modernize SDWIS database should
reduce data quality problems in the future from
data entry to transmission. SDWIS
Modernization focused on changes to make the
quality checking function available to states
before they send data to EPA, to provide a data
entry format consistent with contemporary
commercial data transfer formats, and to
reduce the complexity of data entry into
SDWIS/FED by standardizing processing.
In 1998, EPA launched a major effort to assess
the quality of the drinking water data contained
within SDWIS/FED to respond to concerns
regarding incorrect violations in the database.
EPA enlisted the help of its stakeholders in
designing the review, analyzing the results for
data collected by Data Verification (DV) audits
between 1996 and 1998, and recommending
actions to improve drinking water data quality.
The first Data Reliability Analysis of SDWIS/FED
was published in October 2000.
Findings of the first Data Reliability Analysis,
which indicated that data quality needed
improvement, were later updated by the second
and third triennial assessments in 2003 (which
included data collected between 1999 and 2001)
and 2006 (for data between 2002 and 2004).
Together, these assessments included
comprehensive recommendations for EPA and
state primacy agencies on quality improvements.
The reports identified near-term actions that had
already been taken or were still needed to
improve data quality more immediately. To
implement the recommendations, the states and
EPA have conducted numerous activities and
projects to improve data quality. Activities
undertaken have included a) providing training
for states; b) streamlining reporting to
SDWIS/FED; c) making SDWIS error reporting
more user-friendly; d) improving data
verifications; e) following up with Regions on
findings after data verifications; f) encouraging
states to annually notify water systems of
sampling schedules; and g) creating an electronic
capability to evaluate data quality by states and
EPA.
EPA's response to the data reliability issues
identified in the 2003 report (second triennial
report) included a commitment to conduct
analyses which would provide periodic data
quality estimates (DQEs), and provide input into
program activities and priorities necessary to
improve the quality and reliability of the data.
Like the previous two reviews, the third triennial
review of data quality is largely based on DV
audits. The DV audits, conducted between 2002
and 2004, reflect data for 2,658 randomly
selected PWSs in 38 states. The introduction to
the 2006 Drinking Water Data Reliability Analysis
and Action Plan (EPA 816-R-07- 010, March
2008, available online at
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/data/pdfs/report_
data_datareliability_2006.pdf) discusses DV
audits and triennial national summary.
Based on the third review, the overall DQE of the
eight inventory (water system identification)
parameters assessed was 87%. In other words,
87% of systems from DV states between 2002 and
2004 had consistent data for all eight inventory
data elements between their state files and
SDWIS/FED database, or 13% of systems had at
least one data element reported with a
discrepancy. The highest discrepancy rate was for
the administrative contact address element.
For the 38 states evaluated from 2002 to 2004,
90% of the reported violations in SDWIS/FED
were accurate. Approximately 81% of the MCL
and SWTR TT violations, 62% of the health-based
violations (including LCR TT violations), and 39%
of the monitoring and reporting (M/R) violations
were reported to SDWIS/FED. Non-reporting was
mostly attributable to the fact that states did not
issue violations when violations had occurred
(compliance determination error). In other words,
the violations were not recognized, not recorded
by the states as violations, and consequently, not
reported to SDWIS/FED. Compliance
determination errors led to 84% of non-reported
health-based violations and 92% of non-reported
M/R violations.
Additional findings included the DQEs of health-
based violations were not significantly different
between CWSs and NTNCWSs. The DQEs of M/R
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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violations for TNCWSs were significantly higher
than those for CWSs and NTNCWSs.
The main results are further summarized as
following:
94% of health-based violation (MCL/TT)
data in SDWIS/FED were accurate.
Approximately 81 % of MCL/SWTR TT
violations were reported to SDWIS/FED.
Including LCR TT violations, about 62%
of the health-based violations (MCL/TT
violations) were reported to SDWIS/FED,
where only 8% of LCR TT violations were
reported to SDWIS/FED.
Only approximately 29% of M/R violations
were reported to SDWIS/FED.
The primary reason for non-reporting was
due to compliance determination errors
rather than data flow errors.
HOW DOES EPA
EVALUATE STATE REPORTS?
EPA reviewed each 2005 annual state report to
determine if it met the requirements of the 1996
Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state
reports are summarized in Table B1 in
Appendix B. Table B-l shows whether a state:
submitted a report to EPA;
included all required elements;
satisfied its statutory requirement to publish
and distribute summaries of the report that
inform the public of the availability of the full
report;
identified the size and type of violating systems;
discussed the compliance assistance and
enforcement activities the state undertook in
response to violations;
included a list of PWSs with MCL or treatment
technique violations, as EPA recommended in
its guidance to states on preparing their
reports;
provided information to the public on
availability of the reports; and
included additional information of interest to
the public, such as the number of public water
systems in the state, their sizes and types, and
background on the Safe Drinking Water Act and
its implementation.
EPA provides a state-by-state summary of
information reported in each state report in
Appendix B. The standardized format includes an
overall summary of the violations data the Safe
Drinking Water Act requires states to report (i.e.,
violations with respect to MCLs, treatment
technique violations, significant monitoring and
reporting violations, and variances and
exemptions). The summary for each state also
tells how to obtain a copy of the state's full report.
The annual summary is based on violations
reported in the calendar year of 2005. In some
instances, the data reported by a state in July of
2006 may not agree with data currently in
SDWIS/FED. EPAs and the states' continual
efforts to ensure that the information in the
SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible
may have resulted in updates and corrections to
the data since the state published its report.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Most Americans received water from systems
which reported no violations of health-based
standards, and for which the states reported no
significant violations of monitoring and reporting
requirements.
Comparison of 2004 and 2005 Data
There are some differences in the numbers of
violations reported in 2004 and 2005. The total
number of violations decreased by 16% from
2004. The number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements decreased
by a notable 26% from 2004. Most of this
decrease was due to the cyclical pattern of the
monitoring requirements of Chemical
Contaminant Group. Smaller percentage
decreases were seen in Stage 1 Disinfectants and
Disinfection Byproducts Rule (DBPR), the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the
Surface Water Treatment Rule. In 2005, 3,238
more violations of health-based standards were
detected at public water systems and reported by
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2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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states a 21% increase from 2004. The total
violations include health-based and significant
monitoring and reporting violations, along with
violations of the CCR. Most types of health-based
violations registered only slight increases or
decreases, but violations of the DBPR more than
tripled compared to 2004. In 2005 the states
began reporting Stage 1 DBPR violations for the
numerous smaller systems which had a later
compliance date than the large systems.
TCR and Chemical Violations
In 2005, states reported the largest number of
total violations (both health-based and significant
monitoring and reporting) for the Total Coliform
Rule. The 32,031 significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements of the
Total Coliform Rule represent 41% of all
significant monitoring and reporting violations
reported by the states in 2005. The 9,248
violations of the MCL for the Total Coliform Rule
represent 50% of all reported violations of health-
based standards in 2005. The number of health-
based violations of the Total Coliform Rule
decreased 3% in 2005, while significant
monitoring and reporting violations increased
2%. As a result, the total number of Total
Coliform Rule violations at all public water
systems increased 1% between 2004 and 2005.
Implementation of Prior
Year Recommendations
EPA incorporated the following recommendations
for fiscal years 2002, 2003, and 2004:
States and EPA should continue working
together to address significant violations of
monitoring and reporting and notification
requirements.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address violations of MCL and
treatment technique requirements.
Recognizing the importance of consistent, long
term efforts to protect the public from microbial
contaminants of drinking water, EPA has made
assuring compliance with the drinking water
microbial rules part of its core
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary Page 17 June 2008
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drinking water enforcement and compliance
program beginning in fiscal year 2005.
EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate
how well public water systems, especially large
systems, comply with the microbial rules and
whether enforcement actions are being initiated
when appropriate. Regions and states are also
identifying and evaluating microbial risks to
watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement
and compliance efforts on ensuring the safety of
drinking water sources. Considerable effort will
also be devoted to training and compliance
assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of
small public water systems to maintain
compliance both with established rules and with
new microbial rules such as the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the
Ground Water Rule. In Indian country, where
almost all public water systems are small, EPA
will focus resources on ensuring compliance with
the microbial rules and the standards for nitrates
in drinking water through implementation of its
new strategy for the FY05-07 Tribal National
Compliance and Enforcement Priority.
With respect to the rest of the drinking water
program, states and EPA are continuing their
efforts to implement the recommendations of the
national public water system reports:
EPA provides funding to support eight
technology assistance centers that help small
systems with training, technical assistance, and
technology demonstrations.
States and EPA help promote compliance with
existing drinking water requirements by
conducting numerous assistance activities,
such as on-site visits and the development and
distribution of easy-to-read guides and
checklists.
EPA funding established and maintains the
Local Government Environmental Assistance
Network (LGEAN), a source of free information
on current and developing SDWA requirements
(as well as technical assistance, peer
counseling, and financial guidance). LGEAN can
be accessed on the Internet at www.lgean.org or
by calling toll-free 1-877- TO-LGEAN (865-
4326).
EPA had established and maintains the
Financing for Environmental Compliance
website to provide financial and technical
assistance resources to help communities
create a plan to finance environmental capital
assets. The Financing for Environmental
Compliance can be accessed at
http://www.epa.gov/compliance/assistance/
financing/index, html
EPA has developed sets of tools that will assist
small systems with implementing drinking
water regulations and managing their systems
while still providing adequate public health
protection. The tools can be accessed on the
Internet at http://www.epa.gov/
safewater/cupss/index. html
The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement
actions against violating public water systems
both to discourage violations and to ensure
public health protection.
Since September 1998, the findings and
recommendations of the national public water
systems reports have been incorporated into
EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of
data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report,
EPA noted that compliance data in many
individual state reports differed from the data
reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states,
and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our
data quality goal should be "100% complete,
accurate, and timely data submitted by public
water systems and primacy agencies, consistent
with SDWA reporting requirements." Further
analysis and discussions among the stakeholders
led to establishment of interim milestones for
how soon that goal will be achieved. EPA, states,
and the drinking water stakeholders made
significant progress on most of the data
recommendations of the earlier national reports
in some instances achieving full
implementation. Among the major
accomplishments, EPA has:
improved the display of drinking water data in
Envirofacts;
characterized and quantified the data quality
problem;
taken interim steps to improve data quality,
including improvements to the data entry tools
states use to put information in SDWIS/FED
and provision of a mechanism that enables
water systems to confirm the accuracy of data
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2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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before it is accepted by SDWIS/FED; and
made a long-term commitment to achieve and
maintain data quality goals.
2005 Report Recommendations
EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders
should continue to work cooperatively to improve
the quality of compliance data. More remains to
be done to achieve the goal of 100% accurate,
complete, and timely information. Some of the
next steps EPA, states, and the drinking water
stakeholders have agreed to undertake include:
streamlining data reporting and reducing rule
complexity;
conducting more training to ensure regulatory
staff can accurately determine compliance with
drinking water
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary Page 19 June 2008
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rules and data entry staff can upload complete
and accurate data to SDWIS/FED;
encouraging states to issue annual reminders to
water systems of their compliance monitoring
schedules;
providing states with individual, prioritized
recommendations for improving their data
quality;
performing more frequent data verification
audits;
calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data
quality every three years, or more frequently if
data from a sufficient number of data
verifications are available;
working with the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) to implement
its updated 2006 Data Reliability Analysis and
Action Plan (DRAAP);
negotiating grant conditions with several states
to encourage them to follow quality
assurance/quality control plans for drinking
water violation data reported to EPA and
address the differences in interpretation of the
regulation; and
working with all states to implement the EPA
Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements for
quality management systems.
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2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - National Summary
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National Summary of Compliance for Public
Water Systems in Indian Country in 2005
INTRODUCTION
DATA QUALITY
This section of the 2005 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are
meeting the goal of ensuring that public water
systems in Indian country provide safe drinking
water.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
INDIAN COUNTRY
Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary
enforcement authority (known as primacy) to
administer the drinking water program provided
they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and
1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As
of 2005, only the Navajo Nation had received
primacy for most public water systems on the
Navajo Reservation. EPA administers the drinking
water program in the rest of Indian country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears in
Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by this
section appears in Appendix C.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA
Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages
outside of Indian country are not included in this
section of the report. Similarly, compliance
figures for 18 public water systems in Indian
country located in Oklahoma are not included in
this section of the report. In both cases, this
information is found in the state reports for
Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state
reports do not, however, contain separate
information on these public water systems.
This report uses information from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System/Federal
Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national
database where EPA records information on
public water systems in Indian country. Public
water systems in Indian country are required to
report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the
information to determine compliance with the
national primary drinking water regulations of
SDWA.
This report also discusses the limitations in the
data EPA uses to measure its success and the
steps it is taking to increase data reliability and
completeness. The report also discusses EPA's
compliance assistance, enforcement, and financial
assistance programs. EPA plans to continue its
data quality efforts during 2006 to ensure that
SDWIS/FED contains complete and accurate
information. A complete discussion of data
quality is in the National Summary of Public
Water Systems Compliance in 2005 under the
section entitled Data Quality.
FINDINGS
In 2005, 828 public water systems in Indian
country served 821,646 users.
607 community water systems served 614,581
people in their primary residences.
126 non-transient non-community systems
(schools and factories) served 190,747 people
in places they frequented.
95 transient non-community systems
(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served
16,318 people who passed through.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Section on Indian Country
Page 15 June 2008
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Percentage of Systems by Type
Community
Transient Non-Community
D Non-Transient Non-Community
Almost all public water systems in Indian
country were small. These small systems
provide drinking water to the majority of the
public who drank water in Indian country.
93% of public water systems in Indian country
serve 3,300 or fewer people. These 771 small
systems served 47% of the people who received
water from public water systems in Indian
country. Conversely, the other 57 public water
systems in Indian country serve 53% of the
people who received water from public water
systems in Indian country.
As reported to SDWIS/FED, most public water
systems in Indian country had violations.
571 of 828 water systems (69%) reported
health-based or significant reporting violations.
Systems with Reported Significant Violations
88% of public water systems in Indian country
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2005.
139 health-based violations in Indian country,
including multiple violations by some systems,
were reported to SDWIS/FED in 2005. The
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for the
Total Coliform Rule (83%) was the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2%
83%
^ n m
] Violations of Some Kind
1 No Reported Violations
Chem TCR SWTR DBPR LCR
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
The majority of violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2005 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and
report, rather than health-based MCL or a
treatment technique violations detected and
reported by a system.
Of the 2,022 violations reported to SDWIS/FED
in 2005, 1,223 (60%) were significant violations
of monitoring and reporting requirements. If a
system did not monitor the quality of its water,
it is impossible to know if it has violated health-
based requirements. For this reason, a system's
significant failure to monitor and report is a
major violation that must be addressed and
corrected.
Public water systems in Indian country
represent 0.5% of all public water systems in
the United States and were responsible for 1.5%
of all significant monitoring and reporting
violations at public water systems reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2005.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Section on Indian Country
Page 23 June 2008
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Type of Violation
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
AND ENFORCEMENT
D Monitoring and Reporting
Health-based
D Public Notification and OCR
As reported to SDWIS/FED, 53% of community
water systems in Indian country complied with
the Consumer Confidence Report Rule.
The Consumer Confidence Report Rule requires
all community water systems to provide an
annual report to customers identifying the
contaminants detected in their water and the
health risks associated with those
contaminants.
In calendar year 2005, 285 community water
systems in Indian country were found to have a
"significant" violation of the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the
community water system completely failed to
provide the required report.
EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public
water systems in Indian country comply with
SDWA regulations.
EPA's tribal compliance assistance program is
designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA
by building cooperative working relationships
with utility managers, operators, other tribal
environmental staff, and tribal elected officials.
The program emphasizes information exchanges,
operation assistance, and water quality
monitoring.
EPA provides compliance assistance to system
operators, utility managers, and owners through
training sessions, newsletters, telephone support,
and system visits. Engineers and qualified staff
provide on-site assistance to assess current
compliance status, develop monitoring schedules
and compliance plans, and conduct sanitary
surveys. EPA coordinates many of these activities
with other federal agencies, including the Indian
Health Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.
Coordination also occurs with non-governmental
organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including
the Native American Water Association, the Rural
Water Association, and the Rural Community
Assistance Corporation.
In federal fiscal year 2005, EPA's Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
continued to focus increased attention on
environmental issues in Indian country through
implementation of its new Tribal National
Compliance Priority. One of the goals is to
improve compliance with drinking water
standards by the end of fiscal year 2007.
Between fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2008,
EPA will work to improve the quality of public
water system data, provide additional compliance
assistance, and reduce the number of systems
that are out of compliance with key health-based
standards.
EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement
actions against owners or operators of public
water systems in Indian country if a system is not
in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA
relies on compliance assistance and informal
enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally-owned
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2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Section on Indian Country
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or -managed public water system's return to
compliance. When a formal enforcement action is
appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative
orders, including emergency administrative
orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental Programs on
Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84)
and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles
Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's
approach to bringing civil administrative or
judicial enforcement actions against systems in
Indian country.
Public water systems are required to monitor for
89 different contaminants and conduct analyses
using a variety of EPA-approved analytical
methods. Where a system fails to perform
monitoring for some or all of the required
contaminants, a separate monitoring and
reporting violation is recorded for each missed
contaminant. Each of these violations is
enforceable.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
EPA provides assistance, both technical and
financial, to public water systems in Indian
country to help build tribal capacity to operate
and maintain systems in compliance with SDWA.
Capacity building is a long-term solution which
focuses on giving tribes grants, training, and
technical assistance as they develop their
environmental programs. EPA's Indian General
Assistance Program builds tribal capacity by
providing grants to plan, develop, and establish
environmental protection programs, including
drinking water programs.
EPA distributes funds for specific drinking water
program priorities. EPA set aside $6,419,900 in
FY 2005 for activities to support Tribal Public
Water System Supervision (PWSS) Programs.
EPA uses these funds to operate the PWSS
program in Indian Country. Tribes with primacy
for the drinking water program also receive
financial support from PWSS funds. Currently,
Navajo Nation is the only tribe with primacy for
the drinking water program. These funds are
used to implement the PWSS program, including
activities such as:
improving capacity at tribal drinking water
systems;
completing Source Water Assessments;
providing training to tribal operators;
compiling and analyzing compliance
information;
responding to violations.
In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an
infrastructure funding program was established
to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the
appropriation for the national Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund program is set aside for
American Indian communities and Alaska Native
Villages. The FY 2005 set-aside amounted to
$12.648 million. These funds are used to improve
the infrastructure of water systems serving Tribal
populations to achieve compliance with drinking
water standards. This includes projects such as:
distribution system improvements;
community water system extensions;
replacement of water mains;
adding new wells;
treatment improvements;
construction of new pumphouses; and
consolidation of public water systems.
EPA's Indian General Assistance Program builds
tribal capacity by providing grants to plan,
develop, and establish environmental protection
programs, including drinking water programs.
Finally, technical assistance and training for
small tribally-owned or -operated public water
systems are also provided. Through the
cooperative agreements, small tribal public water
systems receive information on training and
technical assistance, wellhead and ground water
protection, and source water protection.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In 2005, EPA Regions reported that 31% of the
public water systems in Indian country did not
report a violation of a health-based standard, a
significant monitoring and reporting violation, or
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Section on Indian Country
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a significant consumer notification violation. This
represents a decrease from 2004 when 38% of
facilities did not report a violation of a health-
based standard, a significant monitoring and
reporting violation, or a significant consumer
notification violation.
During 2005, there was a significant decrease in
the total number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian
country (from 5,507 in 2004 to 1,223 in 2005).
The significant number of monitoring and
reporting violations in 2004 was mainly
attributed to the triennial monitoring
requirements for the Chemical Contaminant
Group.
EPA continues to implement two primary
recommendations from previous reports: (1)
improve collection and maintenance of
compliance data for public water systems in
Indian country; and (2) place a priority on
decreasing the number of monitoring and
reporting violations to gain a full understanding
of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will
accomplish these recommendations by:
maintaining the inventory of public water
systems in Indian country;
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focusing on the collection and entry into
SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement
data;
continuing to work with tribal governments,
utility managers, and system operators to
improve compliance with monitoring and
reporting requirements, including the
Consumer Confidence Rule, and with health-
based standards, particularly the Total
Coliform Rule and Surface Water Treatment
Rule;
In Indian country, where almost all public water
systems are small, EPA will focus resources on
ensuring compliance with the microbial rules
and the standards for nitrates in drinking water
through implementation of its new strategy for
the FY05-07 Tribal National Compliance and
Enforcement Priority.
maintaining EPA's direct, on-site compliance
assistance, including conducting more frequent
sanitary surveys and targeting systems with
repeat violations; and
continuing to support and encourage capital
improvements for public water systems to
improve the infrastructure (and therefore
compliance with SDWA requirements) of public
water systems in Indian country through the
Drinking Water Tribal Infrastructure Grant
Tribal Set-Aside Program.
Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to
compliance and enforcement issues at public
water systems owned, operated, or managed by
tribal governments in a manner consistent with
SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles. Where compliance
assistance is ineffective or where, among other
things, there is a significant threat to human
health or the environment, EPA will take
appropriate steps to return systems to
compliance, including formal enforcement
actions.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Section on Indian Country
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Appendix A
Glossary of Terms
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Administrative Order
Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a
State to address noncompliance at a public water
system, usually by means of a compliance
schedule with enforceable milestone dates.
Chemical Rules
Refers collectively to regulations that protect the
public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper),
and radioactivity in drinking water.
Community Water System
A public water system that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents
or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents (e.g., homes, apartments and
condominiums that are occupied year-round as
primary residences).
Consumer Confidence Rule (CCR)
Requires community water systems to prepare
and provide to their customers annual consumer
confidence reports on the quality of the water
delivered by the systems.
Disinfection/Disinfectant
By Product Rule (DBPR)
Applies to community water systems and
nontransient non-community systems, including
those serving fewer than 10,000 people, that add
a disinfectant to the drinking water during any
part of the treatment process. The Stage 1 DBPR
specifically addresses risks associated with
disinfectants and disinfectant byproducts. This
rule was published concurrently with the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(IESWTR), which addresses control of microbial
pathogens.
Federally-recognized Indian Tribe
An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community, or Alaska Native Village that the
Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally
Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25
U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the
Department of the Interior, the list of federally-
recognized tribes is updated periodically and
published in the Federal Register. The latest list
of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available at
65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000).
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix A Page A-1 June 2008
-------
Filter Backwash Recycle Rule (FBRR)
Requires public water systems (PWSs) to review
their backwash water recycling practices to
ensure that they do not compromise microbial
control. Under the FBRR, recycled filter
backwash water, sludge thickener supernatant,
and liquids from dewatering processes must be
returned to a location such that all processes of a
system's conventional or direct filtration including
coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation
(conventional filtration only) and filtration, are
employed. Systems may apply to the State for
approval to recycle at an alternate location. The
Filter Backwash Rule applies to all public water
systems, regardless of size.
Health-based Violation
A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant
Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.
Inorganic Chemicals
These non-carbon based compounds (such as
metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur
naturally in some sources of drinking water or be
introduced by human activity. EPA has
established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants.
Violations of standards for lead and copper are
addressed separately.
Maximum Disinfectant
Residual Level (MDRL)
A level of a disinfectant added for water treatment
that may not be exceeded at the consumer's tap
without an unacceptable possibility of adverse
health effect.
Monitoring and Reporting Violation
Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and
reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-
specific minimum testing schedules and
operational reporting requirements. Those
monitoring and reporting violations considered
"significant" for the purposes of the state and
national public water system compliance reports
are described below in Table A-l.
Nitrate and Nitrite
Inorganic compounds that can enter water
supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff,
livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
Rule (IESWTR)
Applies to systems using surface water, or ground
water under the direct influence of surface water,
that serve 10,000 or more persons. The rule also
includes provisions for states to conduct sanitary
surveys for surface water systems regardless of
system size.
Large System
A public water system that serves more than
10,000 people.
Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)
Requires a public water system to take steps to
minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper
in drinking water by monitoring for these
contaminants, installing corrosion control where
required, and, where necessary, educating the
public about ways to reduce exposure. A system
may also be required to treat its source water or
replace lead service lines.
Maximum Contaminant Level
The maximum permissible level of a contaminant
in water delivered to any user of a public water
system.
discharges.
Non-transient Non-community Water System
A non-community public water system that
regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year. A typical example of a
non-transient non-community water system is a
school or an office building that has its own water
source, such as a drinking water well.
Organic Chemicals
These carbon-based compounds, such as solvents
and pesticides, can enter drinking water through
a variety of means, including factory discharges
or runoff from crop lands. EPA has established
MCLs for 56 organic contaminants.
Primacy
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA,
States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure
delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any
State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility
for operation and oversight of the drinking water
-------
program within its borders. In order to receive
this responsibility (called "primary enforcement
authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must
show that, among other things, it has adopted
drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate
its capacity both to enforce those regulations and
to implement other activities necessary to ensure
compliance.
In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA
assumes responsibility for administering the
drinking water program for that area. Of the 56
eligible States (defined to include
Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of
Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of
Columbia have primacy. During calendar year
2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the
drinking water program within these two
jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for
the Navajo Nation.
Primary Drinking Water Regulations
These are regulations that apply to public water
systems; specify contaminants which, in the
judgment of the Administrator, may have an
adverse effect on the health of persons; and
specify for each such contaminant either a
maximum contaminant level or a treatment
technique.
Public Water System (PWS)
A system for the provision to the public of water
for human consumption through pipes or other
constructed conveyances, if such system has at
least 15 service connections or regularly serves at
least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the
year. A public water system can be either a
community water system, a non-transient
noncommunity water system, or a transient
noncommunity water system.
Radionuclides
Radioactive particles, such as radium-226,
radium-228, gross alpha, and beta
particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally
in water or may result from human activity. EPA
has established MCLs for uranium, beta/photon
emitters, alpha emitters, and combined radium
226/228.
Regional Offices
Responsible for implementing Environmental
Protection Agency programs within their
respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices
cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and
local agencies, as well as with industry, academic
institutions, and other private groups to ensure
that Regional needs are addressed and that
Federal environmental laws are upheld.
Small Systems
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix A
Page A-1 June 2008
-------
Public water systems that serve no more than
Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires a
public water system served by surface water or by
ground water under the influence of surface water
to take steps (such as disinfection, filtration
followed by disinfection, or watershed control) to
reduce potential exposure to microbiological
contamination.
Total Coliform Rule (TCR)
Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water
distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria,
which are found in decaying organic material and
in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are
usually not harmful to human health, their
presence may indicate the presence of other,
more dangerous microbial contamination.
SDWIS/FED
EPA's database for collecting safe drinking water
monitoring results from oversight agencies.
SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water
Information System. Public Water Systems are
required to report all monitoring results to the
primary enforcement authority. States with
primacy, or EPA where it administers the
program, analyze the monitoring results,
determine compliance, and report violations to
EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records
of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED
records only violations, not results that
demonstrate compliance with drinking water
standards.
3,300 people.
Total Trihalomethanes
These chemicals can be by-products of chemical
processes used to disinfect drinking water.
Transient Non-community Water System
A non-community water system that regularly
serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25)
over six months per year. A typical example is a
campground or a highway rest stop that has its
own water source, such as a drinking water well.
Treatment Technique
In cases where EPA has determined it is not
technically or economically feasible to establish
an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a
treatment technique. These are treatment
methods required by EPA to minimize the level of
a contaminant in drinking water.
Variances and Exemptions
A public water system that cannot comply with a
drinking water standard because of poor source
water quality, or, in the case of small systems,
inadequate financial resources, can be granted a
variance to comply with less stringent, but still
protective standards based on a specific EPA-
approved technology available to the system. An
exemption allows a PWS with compelling
circumstances (including economic
considerations) additional time to achieve
compliance with applicable SDWA requirements,
so long as public health is adequately protected.
June 2008 Page A-2
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix A
-------
TABLE A-l: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR
ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS
Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
Lead and
Copper Rule
c Phase 1, II, MB,
and V Rules
h Total
Trihalomethanes
m Radionuclides
Violation Type
Major routine
Major repeat
Major (filtered)
Major (unfiltered)
Initial lead and
copper tap
Follow-up or
routine lead and
copper tap
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Description
No samples collected during a
compliance period
No follow-up samples collected
after a positive total coliform
sample or no speciation
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Either failed to collect the initial
tap samples, and then failed to
correct that omission within a) 3
months for large systems, b) 6
months for medium systems, or
c) 12 months for small systems;
or failed to submit the associated
report
Failed to collect 1 or more
required samples
Failed to collect any required
samples2
Failed to collect any required
samples
Failed to collect any required
samples
SDWIS
Violation Code1
23
25
36
31
51
52
03
03
03
SDWIS Contaminant
Code
3100
3100
None
None
By contaminant
2950
4000, 4100, 4010
1 EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting
violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.
Failure to collect "any required sample" means none of the required samples were collected.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix A
Page A-3 June 2008
-------
TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2004
Applicability of Regulations
Contaminant/Rule
Organic Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes
Contaminants (TTHM)
Inorganic Contaminants
(lOCs)
Nitrate and Nitrite
Contaminants
Radionuclides
Contaminants
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule
Stage 1
Disinfectant/Disinfection
By-Product Rule
Filter Backwash Recycling
Rule
Public Notification
Consumer Confidence Rule
Community Water Systems
All
All PWS, using surface water or
ground water under the direct
influence of surface water
(GWUDI), which disinfect their
water (a.k.a. Subpart H systems)
All
All
All
All
Some
Only PWS using surface water or
GWUDI
All
For sanitary surveys all PWS
using surface water or GWUDI;
for other requirements those
systems serving 10,000 or more
people
All PWS adding a disinfectant to
the drinking water
Conventional or direct filtration
PWS using surface water or
GWUDI and recycle spent filter
backwash, thickener
supernatant, or liquids from
dewatering processes
All
All
Non-Transient Non-
Community Water Systems
All (Note: acrylamide and
epichlorohydrin do not have
MCLs and only have
treatment techniques)
All PWS, using surface water
or GWUDI, which disinfect
their water (a.k.a. Subpart H
systems)
Prior to the 2001 Arsenic
Rule, all lOCs except for
arsenic. After the 2001
Arsenic Rule all lOCs.
All
None
All
Some
Only PWS using surface water
or GWUDI
All
For sanitary surveys all PWS
using surface water or
GWUDI; for other
requirements those systems
serving 10,000 or more
people
All PWS adding disinfectant
to the drinking water
Conventional or direct
filtration PWS using surface
water or GWUDI and recycle
spent filter backwash,
thickener supernatant, or
liquids from dewatering
processes
All
None
Transient Non-Community
Water Systems
None
All PWS, using surface water
or GWUDI, which disinfect
their water (a.k.a. Subpart H
systems)
None
All
None
All
Some
Only PWS using surface water
or GWUDI
None
For sanitary surveys all PWS
using surface water or
GWUDI; for other
requirements those systems
serving 10,000 or more
people
Those PWS using chlorine
dioxide
Conventional or direct
filtration PWS using surface
water or GWUDI and recycle
spent filter backwash,
thickener supernatant, or
liquids from dewatering
processes
All
None
-------
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix A Page A-5 June 2008
-------
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual
Compliance Reports
-------
-------
CONTENTS
Alabama B-7
Alaska B-8
American Samoa B-9
Arizona B-10
Arkansas B-ll
California B-12
Colorado B-13
Connecticut B-14
Delaware B-15
District of Columbia B-16
Florida B-17
Georgia B-18
Guam B-19
Hawaii B-20
Idaho B-21
Illinois B-22
Indiana B-23
Iowa B-24
Kansas B-25
Kentucky B-26
Louisiana B-27
Maine B-28
Maryland B-29
Massachusetts B-30
Michigan B-31
Minnesota B-32
Mississippi B-33
Missouri B-34
Montana B-35
Nebraska B-36
Nevada B-37
New Hampshire B-38
New Jersey B-39
New Mexico B-40
New York B-41
North Carolina B-42
North Dakota B-43
Northern Mariana Islands B-44
Ohio B-45
Oklahoma B-46
Oregon B-47
Pennsylvania B-48
Puerto Rico B-49
Rhode Island B-50
South Carolina B-51
South Dakota B-52
Tennessee B-53
Texas B-54
Utah B-55
Vermont B-56
Virgin Islands B-57
Virginia B-58
Washington B-59
West Virginia B-60
Wisconsi n B-61
Wyoming B-62
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-1 June 2008
-------
-------
This Appendix presents a summary of each state
report in a standardized format. The format
includes an overall summary of the violations
data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e.,
violations with respect to maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations,
significant monitoring and reporting
requirements, significant notification violations,
and variances and exemptions).
This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the
States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other
factors must be taken into account before drawing
conclusions about a State program. For example,
public water systems are required to report all
violations to the State, but State drinking water
programs vary in the regulations they choose to
emphasize. A State that decided to focus attention
and resources on one particular rule may have
discovered and reported many more violations of
that rule than a State that chose to focus on a
different rule. A disproportionate number of
violations in a State could also indicate that the
State needs to work with its public water systems to
improve their compliance. Readers are cautioned to
view the violations data provided in the State
summaries within the context of each State and its
inHiuiHiial Hrinkincr \A/ator nrncrram
In 2005, EPA received State Public Water System
Compliance Reports from 43 of the 57 primacy
states, Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes.
As in past years, American Samoa, Guam, and
the Northern Mariana Islands did not submit
reports, and, with limited exceptions, did not
supply information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not
receive a report from Arizona, Georgia,
Massachusetts, New Jersey, the Virgin Islands,
and the Navajo Nation. Appendix B supplies what
information is available in SDWIS/FED to indicate
violations at public water systems in the Pacific
territories. Because the District of Columbia,
Wyoming, and most Indian Tribes did not have
primary enforcement responsibility for drinking
water in calendar year 2005, EPA prepared
reports for those jurisdictions.
Violations for 2005
EPA summarizes the number of MCL/MDRL,
treatment technique, and significant monitoring
and reporting violations1 reported by each state in
six categories:
Violations of chemical contaminant
requirements2
Violations of the Total Coliform Rule
Violations of the Surface Water Treatment
Rule, Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, Long Term Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule
Significant Notification or Consumer
Confidence Rule Violation
Violations of the Disinfection/Disinfectant
Byproducts Rule
EPA summarizes the numbers of individual
public water systems in violation in each of these
five categories, as reported by the state. If a state's
report did not include information in a category,
EPA's summary notes the omission.
2005 Totals
EPA also summarizes the total number of
systems in each state, the total number of
significant violations reported, and the total
number of PWSs in violation, if the state reported
this information. When states did not provide
information on the total number of public water
systems, EPA supplied that information from the
SDWIS/FED.
Systems in Violation
Systems in Violation is defined as the number of
different systems with a reported violation of this
type. Some states counted a system with multiple
violations or violations in more than one category
as one violating system. Other states counted a
violating
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-3 June 2008
-------
A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total
Conform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A.
MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and radionuclide
contaminants.
system each time it had a violation, or once for Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual Public
each of the regulatory categories in which it had a Water Systems ReDOrt
violation. If EPA's review of a state's report
indicated some violating systems were counted
more than once, an asterisk notes that the state's If a state s reP°rt includes inf°rmation on how to
number possibly overcounts violating systems obtain a COPV of ^ reP°rt' **** ^formation is
provided on the state summary page in this
Variances and Exemptions Appendix.
No states reported a violation of a variance or
exemption in 2005.
-------
-------
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States
State
Alabama
Alaska
American
Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New
Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
Submitted
Report
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR
X
X
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
Identified
Size and
Type of
Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance
and
Enforcement
Responses
X
Identified
Each
System
with MCL
and TT
Violations
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public
on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information 1
X
X
Did not submit report.
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1 . An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-5 June 2008
-------
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States
State
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern
Mariana
Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Submitted
Report
X
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR
X
X
MCL
X
X
X
M/R
X
X
X
TT
X
X
X
Reported
onV/E
X
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
X
Identified
Size and
Type of
Violating
Systems
Discussed
Compliance
and
Enforcement
Responses
X
Identified
Each
System
with MCL
and TT
Violations
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public
on
Availability
X
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information 1
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
June 2008 Page B-6
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Alabama 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
11*
21
10
Systems in
Violation
5
20
5
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
NR
5
Systems in
Violation
0
NR
2
Significant Monitoring
Violations
278*
42
0
11
9
16
Systems in
Violation
35
24
0
11
9
14
*Also includes Disinfection Byproducts Rule violations, which are set out separately below.
**Possible overcounting of violating systems
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
643
NR
377
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alabama's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEM
Drinking Water Branch
PO Box 301463
Montgomery, AL 36130-1463
Email: tsd@adem.state .al.us
Website: http://www.adem.state.al.us
Reports can be reviewed at the ADEM field offices in Birmingham, Decatur, and Mobile.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-7 June 2008
-------
State of Alaska 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
4
42
64
Systems in
Violation
3
32
25
Treatment Technique
Violations
228
9
6
Systems in
Violation
80
9
3
Significant Monitoring
Violations
1,724
740
186
264
191
229
Systems in
Violation
190
416
38
167
133
69
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,549
677
3,687
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEC
Drinking Water Program
555 Cordova Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
Web Site: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/eh/dw/dwmain/violations.html
June 2008 Page B-8
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of American Samoa 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
16
0
Systems in
Violation
0
6
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
5
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
5
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
0
15
0
0
0
Systems in
Violation
0
0
5
0
0
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
19
NR
36
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-9 June 2008
-------
State of Arizona 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
49
122
19
Systems in
Violation
37*
90
7
Treatment Technique
Violations
10
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
10
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
430
1,391
0
1,344
574
1,079
Systems in
Violation
393*
537
0
623
260
470
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,621
NR
5,018
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arizona did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
June 2008 Page B-10
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Arkansas 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
20
73
83
Systems in
Violation
7*
66
40
Treatment Technique
Violations
236
10
25
Systems in
Violation
37
7
12*
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
166
49
55
42
45
Systems in
Violation
0
125
22
43
42
37
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,103**
302
804
**The total number of regulated systems stated in the introduction to the report (1,103) differs from the total number stated in
a later section of the report (1,097).
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arkansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Arkansas Department of Health & Human Services
Engineering Section
P.O Box 1437, Slot H37
Little Rock, AR 72203-1437
Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm
Attention: David Quattlebaum, Compliance/Enforcement Officer
Telephone: (501) 661-2623
Fax: (501) 661-2032
Email: david.quattlebaum@arkansas.gov
Arkansas' State Report is also available at all local health units in Arkansas.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-11 June 2008
-------
State of California 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
108
643
98
Systems in
Violation
71**
475**
52**
Treatment Technique
Violations
70
0
2
Systems in
Violation
41**
0
1
Significant Monitoring
Violations
142
725
17
17
213
170
Systems in
Violation
122**
583**
14**
15
210
163**
* State combines the number of systems in violation for both MCL and monitoring violations.
** Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,742
NR
2,205
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
California's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Health Services
Website: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/publications/pubindex.htm
Telephone: (916)449-5600
June 2008 Page B-12
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Colorado 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
9
44
64
Systems in
Violation
8
42
19
Treatment Technique
Violations
63
0
7
Systems in
Violation
34
0
7
Significant Monitoring
Violations
307
458
92
71
48
162
Systems in
Violation
287
325
25
68
48
58*
*Two charts in report show that there were 58 systems in violation, however, the written report states that there are 158
Systems in violation.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,975
NR
1,325
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Colorado's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
Attention: Annual Compliance Report
CADM-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246
Lori Gerzina
WQCD Compliance Assurance & Data Management Unit
Telephone: (303) 692-3587
Email: lori.gerzina@state.co.us
Web Site: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/drinkingwater/index.html
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-13 June 2008
-------
State of Connecticut 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
51
393
10
Systems in
Violation
16*
220
5
Treatment Technique
Violations
NR
12
4
Systems in
Violation
NR
12
1
Significant Monitoring
Violations
3,749
1,247
NR
47
249
117
Systems in
Violation
351*
586
NR
46
167
36
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,745
NR
5,879
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Connecticut's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Section offices
Department of Public Health
450 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT 06106-1365
Web Site: http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/Water/DWD.htm
Telephone: (860) 509-7333
June 2008 Page B-14
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Delaware 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
29
52*
0
Systems in
Violation
19**
44*
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
0
0
18
22
0
Systems in
Violation
0
0
0
11
13
0
* The state report gives different counts in several tables in the report. Counts from the summary table are shown here.
**Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
541
86
121
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Delaware's State Report is available by contacting:
Office of Drinking Water
Division of Public Health
Blue Hen Corporate Center
655 Bay Road, Suite 203
Dover, DE 19901
Telephone: (302) 741-8630
Fax: (302) 741-8631
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-15 June 2008
-------
District of Columbia 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
0
0
Systems in
Violation
0
0
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
1
0
Systems in
Violation
0
1
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
^**
0
0
0
1
2*
Systems in
Violation
1
0
0
0
1
1
*The DBP monitoring violations occurred in 2004, but were discovered/issued in 2005.
**The monitoring violation for the SOC glyphosate occurred in 2003, but was discovered during 2005.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6
2
5
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
District of Columbia's State Report is available by contacting:
Karen D. Johnson, Chief
Ground Water and Enforcement Branch (3WP32)
U.S. EPA Region III
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029
Phone: (215)814-5445
Fax: (215)814-2302
E-mail: johnson.karend@epa.gov
Website: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/DCdrinking/index.htm
June 2008 Page B-16
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Florida 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
601
227
NR
Systems in
Violation
236*
208
NR
Treatment Technique
Violations
3
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
1
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
307
600
0
84
154
NR
Systems in
Violation
294*
524
0
82
154
NR
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,103
1,184
1,976
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Website: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-17 June 2008
-------
State of Georgia 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
12
115
15
Systems in
Violation
9*
90
9
Treatment Technique
Violations
1
3
NR
Systems in
Violation
1
3
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
29
479
0
538
772
31
Systems in
Violation
1
318
0
446
693
31
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,451
NR
1,995
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Georgia did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
June 2008 Page B-18
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
Guam 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
0
0
Systems in
Violation
0
0
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
0
0
2
0
0
Systems in
Violation
0
0
0
2
0
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
13
NR
2
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-19 June 2008
-------
State of Hawaii 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
3
8
Systems in
Violation
0
3
3
Treatment Technique
Violations
28
0
0
Systems in
Violation
4
0
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
1
0
4
0
3
Systems in
Violation
0
1
0
4
0
2
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
131
14
47
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting:
Hawaii Department of Health
Safe Drinking Water Branch
Environmental Management Division
919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308
Honolulu, HI 96814-4920
Attention: Stuart Yamada, P.E., Chief
Telephone: (808) 586-4258
Fax: (808) 586-4351
E-mail: bwong@eha.health.state.hi.us
June 2008 Page B-20
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Idaho 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
37
159
2
Systems in
Violation
17
131
2
Treatment Technique
Violations
36
2
0
Systems in
Violation
16
2
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
101
376
21
76
NR
77
Systems in
Violation
89
292
5
57
NR
48
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,018
596
887
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Idaho's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Idaho Department of Environmental Quality's six regional offices or the state's seven district health departments
Web Site: http://www.deq.state.id.us/water/data_reports/drinking_water/acr_04.pdfs
DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments
North Idaho
Coeur d'Alene Regional Office
2110 Ironwood Parkwav
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
(208) 769-1422
Health District 1
Panhandle Health District Dent.
322 Marion
Sandooint. ID 83864
(208) 265-6384
North Central Idaho
Lewiston Regional Office
1118 F Street
Lewiston. ID 83501
(208) 799-4370
Health District 2
North Central District Health Deot.
215 10th Street
Lewiston. ID 83501
(208) 799-3100
Southwest Idaho
Boise Reeional Office
1445 North Orchard
Boise, ID 83706-2239
(208)373-0550
Health District 3
Southwest District Health Deot.
920 Main Street
Caldwell. ID 83605
(208) 455-5403
Health District 4
Central District Health Deot.
707 North Armstrong Place
Boise. ID 83704
(208)327-8522
South Central Idaho
Twin Falls Reeional Office
601 Pole Line Road. Suite 2
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208) 736-2190
Health District 5
South Central District Health Deot.
1020 Washington Street North
Twin Falls. ID 83301
(208) 734-5900. Ext. 213
Southeast Idaho
Pocatello Reeional Office
444 Hosoital Wav. #300
Pocatello. ID 83201
(208) 236-6160
Health District 6
Southeastern District Health Deot.
1901 Alvin Ricken Drive
Pocatello. ID 83201-2727
(208) 233-9080. Ext. 320
Eastern Idaho
Idaho Falls Reeional Office
900 N. Skvline. Suite B
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
(208) 528-2650
Health District 7
District Seven Health Deot.
254 "E" Street
Idaho Falls. ID 83402
(208) 523-5382
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-21 June 2008
-------
State of Illinois 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
401
101
57
Systems in
Violation
106*
91
18
Treatment Technique
Violations
23
14
23
Systems in
Violation
14
14
7
Significant Monitoring
Violations
3,682
162
15
260
179
160
Systems in
Violation
279*
126
3
192
143
94
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,012
724
5,077
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Illinois' State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:
Illinois EPA
Bureau of Water, Compliance Assurance Section
1021 North Grand Ave
PO Box 19276
Springfield, IL 62794
Contact: Mike Crumly
Telephone: (217) 785-0561
Fax: (217) 557-1407
Web Site: http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/compliance/drinking-water/compliance-report/index.html
June 2008 Page B-22
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Indiana 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
48
409
38
Systems in
Violation
33*
359
13
Treatment Technique
Violations
13
9
NR
Systems in
Violation
6
8
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
2,047
1,346
0
108
32
29
Systems in
Violation
362*
978
0
62
24
17
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,395
1,555
4,079
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Office of Water Management
Drinking Water Branch
Web Site: http://www.in.gov/idem/compliance/water/drinkingwater/compeval
Telephone: (317)308-3280
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-23 June 2008
-------
State of Iowa 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
129
174
0
Systems in
Violation
54
105
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
3
47
0
Systems in
Violation
2
39
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
497
356
4
35
35
56
Systems in
Violation
169
221
2
18
35
25
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,047
612*
1,377**
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The total violations indicated in the report (1,377) differs from the calculated total (1,336).
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Iowa's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Iowa Department of Natural Resources - Water Supply
401 SW 7th St., Suite M
Des Moines, IA 50309-4611
Web Site: http://www.iowadnr.com/water/drinking/reports.html
Telephone: (515) 725-0348
June 2008 Page B-24
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Kansas 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
45
31
353
Systems in
Violation
28*t
30
102
Treatment Technique
Violations
8
0
110
Systems in
Violation
3
0
36
Significant Monitoring
Violations
6*
44
8*
3
108
10
Systems in
Violation
6*
36
3*
3
108
10
* The state report presents different counts in the summary and in data tables. Counts from the summary are shown here.
t Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,053
338
738
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Bureau of Water
1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420
Topeka, KS 66612-1367
Web Site: http://www.kdheks.gov/pws/
Attention: Patti J. Cray
Telephone: (785)296-3016
Fax: (785) 296-5509
E-mail: pcroy@kdhe.state.ks.us
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-25 June 2008
-------
Commonwealth of Kentucky 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
1
21
107
Systems in
Violation
1
14
40
Treatment Technique
Violations
24
0
47
Systems in
Violation
10
0
20
Significant Monitoring
Violations
63
28
27
140
87
98
Systems in
Violation
15
17
11
106
67
62
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
643
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kentucky's State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:
Contact Name: Frank Hall
Telephone: (502) 564-2225 ext. 542
Website: http://www.water.ky.gov/dw/consumer/acr/
June 2008 Page B-26
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Louisiana 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
165*
344*
Systems in
Violation
0
136**
123**
Treatment Technique
Violations
7*
NR
NR
Systems in
Violation
4*
NR
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
40*
3
NR
NR
141*
Systems in
Violation
0
35**
2
NR
NR
97**
* The state report presents different counts in the summary and in data tables. Counts from the summary are shown here.
** Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
-1,600
426
779t
t The total violations indicated in the report (779) differs from the calculated total (700).
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Louisiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Website: http://www.dhh.la.gov
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-27 June 2008
-------
State of Maine 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
17
290
88
Systems in
Violation
15*
209
29
Treatment Technique
Violations
1
26
NR
Systems in
Violation
1
25
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
456
1,375
0
115
38
5
Systems in
Violation
311*
667
0
92
30
3
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,125
NR
2,411
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maine's State Report is available by contacting:
Maine Drinking Water Program
Attention: Carlton Gardner, Compliance and Enforcement Team Leader
Telephone: (207) 287-8403
Fax: (207)287-4172
June 2008 Page B-28
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Maryland 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
19
327
8
Systems in
Violation
18*
284*
4
Treatment Technique
Violations
19
26
NR
Systems in
Violation
13*
25
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
43
170
1
98
20
5
Systems in
Violation
42
97
1
95*
20
5
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,629
NR
736
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maryland's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Website: http://www.mde.state.md.us
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-29 June 2008
-------
Commonwealth of Massachusetts 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
36
0
Systems in
Violation
0
32
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
5
13
NR
Systems in
Violation
4
12
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
1
31
19
72
2
1
Systems in
Violation
1
17
1
63
1
1
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,712
NR
180
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
June 2008 Page B-30
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Michigan 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
17
390
7
Systems in
Violation
16
350
2
Treatment Technique
Violations
2
0
1
Systems in
Violation
1
0
1
Significant Monitoring
Violations
696*
1,138
1
330
51
17
Systems in
Violation
523
924
1
268
50
10
"State reports different totals in summary and detail tables. Totals from the summary table are included here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,686
1,834**
2,824t
t The total number of violations in the report (2,824) differs from the calculated total (2,811) because public notification
violations are included in the report total.
**lncludes systems with public notification violations.
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Michigan's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Mr. Dan Dettweiler
Telephone: (517)241-1373
E-mail: dettweid@michigan.gov
Ms. Kris Philip
Telephone: (517)241-1238
E-mail: philipk@michigan.gov
Web Site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq; Click on Water, then Drinking Water, then Community Water Supply.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-31 June 2008
-------
State of Minnesota 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
37
277
2
Systems in
Violation
37*
273*
2
Treatment Technique
Violations
12
24
NR
Systems in
Violation
11*
24*
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
NR
80
25
NR
27
NR
Systems in
Violation
NR
66
16*
NR
25
NR
*Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,430
NR
484
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Minnesota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Web Site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report05.html
June 2008 Page B-32
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Mississippi 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
63
0
Systems in
Violation
0
50
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
0
Systems in
Violation
0
0
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
50
0
30
720
0
Systems in
Violation
0
39
0
24
511
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
863
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Mississippi's State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting
Mississippi Department of Health
Bureau of Public Water Supply
570 East Woodrow Wilson Ave., Ste. U-241
Jackson, MS 39215-1700
Contact Name: Melissa Parker
Email: mparker@msdh.state.ms.us
Telephone: 601-576-7518
Fax: 601-576-7522
Website: http://www.msdh.state.ms.us
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-33 June 2008
-------
State of Missouri 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
159
445
112
Systems in
Violation
27*
308
27
Treatment Technique
Violations
25
1
16
Systems in
Violation
12
1
10
Significant Monitoring
Violations
368
787
1
126
142
0
Systems in
Violation
328*
444
1
124
142
0
"Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,741
NR
2,182
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Missouri's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Public Drinking Branch
Water Protection Program
P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Web Site: http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/wpp/dw-index.htm
Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331
June 2008 Page B-34
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Montana 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
28
209
0
Systems in
Violation
16*
160
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
15
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
7
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
2,162
1,223
54
65
98
60
Systems in
Violation
375*
651
21
48
98
60
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,069
NR
3,914
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Montana's State Report is available by contacting:
Montana Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 200901
Helena, MT 59620-0901
Telephone: (406) 444-4071
John Camden, Compliance Section Supervisor
Public Water Supply Section
Jon Dilliard, Bureau Chief
Public Water & Subdivisions Bureau
Permitting & Compliance Division
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-35 June 2008
-------
State of Nebraska 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
171
212
1
Systems in
Violation
91*
155*
1
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
31
134
1
0
NR
0
Systems in
Violation
31*
119
1
0
NR
0
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,344
436
588**
**The total violations indicated in the report (588) differs from the calculated total (550).
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nebraska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services Regulation and Licensure
301 Centennial Mall South
PO Box 95007
Lincoln, NE 68509
Attention: Jo Ann Wagner
Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
Telephone: (402)471-2541
Fax: (402) 471-6436
E-mail: joann.wagner@hhss.ne.gov
Nebraska's State Report is also available through the Nebraska Library Commission.
June 2008 Page B-36
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Nevada 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
3*
206*
198*
Systems in
Violation
3*
141*
41*
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
14*
*
Systems in
Violation
0
12*
*
Significant Monitoring
Violations
454
*
0
*
70
*
Systems in
Violation
131
*
0
*
70
*
* The report indicates violations by rule but does not always break them down by MCL/TT and monitoring violations.
Violations are shown under the appropriate rule but may include both categories.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
587
214
815**
** The total violations indicated in the report (815) differs from the calculated total (945).
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nevada publishes its ACR and distributes it to the county libraries in the State.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-37 June 2008
-------
State of New Hampshire 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
85
211
42
Systems in
Violation
37*
164
17
Treatment Technique
Violations
6
6
2
Systems in
Violation
4
5
1
Significant Monitoring
Violations
447
215
0
23
37
26
Systems in
Violation
62*
177
0
23
34
10
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,410
NR
1,100
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau
29 Hazen Drive
P.O. Box 95
Concord, NH 03301
Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb
Attention: Laurie Cullerot
Telephone: (603)271-2954
E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us
June 2008 Page B-38
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of New Jersey 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
46
150
19
Systems in
Violation
33*
106
12
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
93
1,122
0
862
0
4
Systems in
Violation
90
748
0
613
0
4
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,154
NR
2,296
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Jersey did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-39 June 2008
-------
State of New Mexico 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
79
139
9
Systems in
Violation
32*
116
9
Treatment Technique
Violations
43
1
1
Systems in
Violation
13
1
1
Significant Monitoring
Violations
NR
206
7
210
111
54
Systems in
Violation
NR
157
3
161*
68
28
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,264
433**
860
**lncludes systems with public notification violations.
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Mexico's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Darren Padilla
Drinking Water Bureau
New Mexico Environment Department
525 Camino de los Marquez, Suite 4
Santa Fe, NM 87505
Telephone: (505) 476-8631
Telephone (toll-free): (877) 654-8720
Web Site: http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/dwbtop.html
June 2008 Page B-40
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of New York 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category*
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
NR
NR
NR
Systems in
Violation
NR
NR
NR
Treatment Technique
Violations
NR
NR
NR
Systems in
Violation
NR
NR
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Systems in
Violation
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
"State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
9,807
3,139
7,189
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New York's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/environmental/water/drinking/violations/2005/2005_compliance_report.htm
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-41 June 2008
-------
State of North Carolina 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
217
370
354
Systems in
Violation
49*
288
64
Treatment Technique
Violations
7
100
8
Systems in
Violation
7
85
3
Significant Monitoring
Violations
2,952
3,316
1
570
1,367
1,175
Systems in
Violation
136*
1,768
1
375
1,083
741
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,854
NR
10,437
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline
Telephone: (800) 426-4791
North Carolina Public Water Supply Section
Telephone: (919) 715-3243
E-mail: Martha.Fillinger@ncmail.net
Web Site: http://www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws
June 2008 Page B-42
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of North Dakota 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
6
24
49
Systems in
Violation
2
21
19
Treatment Technique
Violations
8
0
8
Systems in
Violation
5*
0
2
Significant Monitoring
Violations
1
79
2
2
0
29
Systems in
Violation
1
62
2*
2
0
17
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
510
108
209**
** The total violations indicated in the report (209) differs from the calculated total (208).
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting:
North Dakota Department of Health
Division of Municipal Facilities
918 E Divide Ave., 3rd Floor
Bismarck, ND 58501-1947
Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson
Telephone: (701) 328-5293
Fax: (701) 328-5200
E-mail: ltillots@nd.gov
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-43 June 2008
-------
Northern Mariana Islands 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
0
0
Systems in
Violation
0
0
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
1
0
90
71
0
Systems in
Violation
0
1
0
90
59
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
106
NR
162
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
June 2008 Page B-44
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Ohio 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
191*
602
168
Systems in
Violation
75*
423
63**
Treatment Technique
Violations
114
1
8
Systems in
Violation
33**
1
2
Significant Monitoring
Violations
2,487*
1,332
37
131
108
209
Systems in
Violation
1,129*
914
15*
124
101
201**
* Also includes Disinfection Byproducts Rule violations, which are set out separately below.
**Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,392
2,829
5,020***
*** The total violations indicated in the report (5,020) differs from the calculated total (5,011).
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Ohio's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
PWS Annual Compliance Report
Ohio EPA DDAGW
P.O. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-45 June 2008
-------
State of Oklahoma 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
69
107
634
Systems in
Violation
43*
87
130
Treatment Technique
Violations
6
0
270
Systems in
Violation
5*
0
87
Significant Monitoring
Violations
64
584
9
4
0
158
Systems in
Violation
18*
256
1
4
0
62
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,616
693
1,905
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oklahoma's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division, 8th Floor
707 N. Robinson
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
P.O. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
Web Site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html
June 2008 Page B-46
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Oregon 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
6
213
3
Systems in
Violation
6
162
3
Treatment Technique
Violations
20
48
0
Systems in
Violation
11
42
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
954
1,269
30
565
375
0
Systems in
Violation
435
816
20
352
145
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
3,483
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oregon's State Report does not provide information on where to obtain the report.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-47 June 2008
-------
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
125
389
76*
Systems in
Violation
72
282
36*
Treatment Technique
Violations
56
15
NR
Systems in
Violation
14
15
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
5,709
1,867
1,173
293
448
3,268
Systems in
Violation
662
1,284
202
285
446
1,001
*TT violations were included in the total MCL violations for DBPR. They were not entered separately in the report.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
9,723
2,880
13,734*
* Includes 315 violations of the Public Notification Rule.
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Pennsylvania's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Water Standards and Facility Regulation
P.O. Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467
Telephone: (717) 787-5017
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us
Keyword: drinking water
June 2008 Page B-48
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
Puerto Rico 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
3
270
19
Systems in
Violation
2
132
11
Treatment Technique
Violations
426
1
NR
Systems in
Violation
67
1
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
2,446
2,093
1,404
32
NR
45
Systems in
Violation
162*
256
121
28
NR
35
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
506
NR
6,739
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Puerto Rico's Report is available by contacting:
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
Ponce de Leon Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza
9th Floor, Suite 903
Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 00917
Website: http://www.salud.gov.pr
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-49 June 2008
-------
State of Rhode Island 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
1
56
3
Systems in
Violation
1
44
2
Treatment Technique
Violations
2
0
3
Systems in
Violation
1
0
1
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
12
0
3
8
0
Systems in
Violation
0
11
0
3
8
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
483
67
88
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Rhode Island's State Report does not provide information on where to obtain the report.
June 2008 Page B-50
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of South Carolina 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
43
80
10
Systems in
Violation
22*
69
6*
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
2
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
2
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
144
3
21
62
0
Systems in
Violation
0
73
2
20
62
0
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,481
214
365
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
SCDHEC's Bureau of Water
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Attention: Bruce Bleau
Web Site: http://www.scdhec.gov/water
Telephone: (803)898-4154
Fax: (803) 898-3795
E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.sc.gov
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-51 June 2008
-------
State of South Dakota 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
30
40
14
Systems in
Violation
14
30
2
Treatment Technique
Violations
3
0
24
Systems in
Violation
3
0
21
Significant Monitoring
Violations
294
54
1
21
16
74
Systems in
Violation
23
42
1
21
16
23
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
671
NR
571
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Dakota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Drinking Water Program
PMB-2020, Joe Foss Building
523 East Capitol Ave.
Pierre, SD 57501
Attention: Mark S. Mayer, P.E.
Telephone: (605) 773-3754
Email: mark.mayer@state.sd.us
Website: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/info.htm
June 2008 Page B-52
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Tennessee 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
30
24
Systems in
Violation
0
28
13
Treatment Technique
Violations
72
0
0
Systems in
Violation
28*
0
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
223
134
188
2
8
49
Systems in
Violation
16*
87
61*
2
8
31
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,129
203**
741***
**lncludes Public Notification Rule.
*** The total violations indicated in the report (741) differs from the calculated total (733). Both numbers include 3 violations
of the Public Notification Rule.
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Tennessee's State Report is available by accessing the Department's web site or by viewing it in most public libraries and these
locations across the state:
Division of Water Suoolv - Central Office
401 Church Street
6th Floor. I AC Tower
Nashville. TN 37?43-1549
615-53?-0191
Regional Fnvironmental Field Offices (FF01 - Division of Water Suoolv
1-888-891-833?
Chattanooga FFO
Division of Water Suoolv
Suite 550 - State Oiffce Ride.
540 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga. TN 3740?-?013
1-888-891-833?
Johnson Citv FFO
Division of Water Suoolv
?305 Silverdale Rd.
Johnson Citv. TN 37601-?! 6?
1-888-891-833?
Jackson FFO
Division of Water Suoolv
16?5 Hollvwood Drive
Jackson. TN 38305
1-888-891-833?
Columbia FFO
Division of Water Suoolv
?484 Park Plus Dr.
Columbia. TN 38401
1-888-891-833?
Knoxville FFO
Division of Water Suoolv
371 1 Middlebrook Pike
Knoxville. TN 37?19
1-888-891-833?
Cookeville FFO
Division of Water Suoolv
1?1 South Willow
Cookeville. TN 3850?
1-888-891-833?
Nashville FFO
Division of Water Suoolv
71 1 R. S. Gass Blvd.
Nashville. TN 37?16
1-888-891-833?
Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/Dwprogram.php#reports
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-53 June 2008
-------
State of Texas 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
245
138
923
Systems in
Violation
74*
123
365*
Treatment Technique
Violations
65
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
44
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
823
1,269
468
11
342
0
Systems in
Violation
379
640
222
11
342
0
"Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,682
1,470
4,300**
** The total violations indicated in the report (4,300) differs from the calculated total (4,301). Both totals include 17 violations
for failure to submit monitoring plan.
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Texas's State Report does not provide information on where to obtain the report.
June 2008 Page B-54
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Utah 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
72
0
Systems in
Violation
0
63*
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
9
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
5
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
1,448
148
21
238
NR
0
Systems in
Violation
1,139*
121
9
169
NR
0
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
1,936
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Utah's State Report does not provide information on where to obtain the report.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-55 June 2008
-------
State of Vermont 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
48
173
NRf
Systems in
Violation
15
128*
NRf
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
123
241
NR
20
12
25
Systems in
Violation
118*
150*
NR
20*
12
13
*Possible overcounting of violating systems.
tReported with the Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,443
NR
642
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Vermont's State Report does not provide information on where to obtain the report.
June 2008 Page B-56
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
Virgin Islands 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
32
0
Systems in
Violation
0
27
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
0
NR
Systems in
Violation
0
0
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
0
5
0
0
1
0
Systems in
Violation
0
5
0
0
1
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
302
NR
38
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virgin Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-57 June 2008
-------
Commonwealth of Virginia 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
134
271
71
Systems in
Violation
40
206
28
Treatment Technique
Violations
25
36
30
Systems in
Violation
9
33
28
Significant Monitoring
Violations
1,303
755
5
226
106
91
Systems in
Violation
171
477
3
180
77
49
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
3,053
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virginia's State Report does not provide information on where to obtain the report.
June 2008 Page B-58
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Washington 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
118
535
0
Systems in
Violation
51
360
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
25
0
0
Systems in
Violation
20
0
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
8,347
918
10
165
281
0
Systems in
Violation
391
609
6
163
232
0
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,140
1,413
10,399
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Washington's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Health
Office of Drinking Water
P.O. Box 47822
Olympia, WA 98504-7822
Telephone: (800)521-0323
Web Site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcement/enflink2.htm
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
Page B-59 June 2008
-------
State of West Virginia 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
2
8
121
Systems in
Violation
1
7
42
Treatment Technique
Violations
7
0
1
Systems in
Violation
5*
0
1
Significant Monitoring
Violations
2,853
524
89
37
65
168
Systems in
Violation
27
246
18*
24
65
74
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,175
471
3,852**
**The total violations indicated in the summary table of the report (3,852) differs from the calculated total (3,875)
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
West Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline
1-800-426-4791
Web Site: http://www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/c&e/reports.asp
June 2008 Page B-60
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
State of Wisconsin 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
257
400
0
Systems in
Violation
65
325
0
Treatment Technique
Violations
0
20
0
Systems in
Violation
0
10
0
Significant Monitoring
Violations
1,217
650
0
70
31
6
Systems in
Violation
458
519
0
35
31
6
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,421
NR
2,651
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wisconsin's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, Wl 53707
Telephone: (608) 267-4230
Website: http://dnr.wi.gov/water/dwg/
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
PageB-61 June 2008
-------
State of Wyoming 2005 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2005
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Disinfection Byproducts Rule
MCL
Violations
0
59
9
Systems in
Violation
0
49*
7*
Treatment Technique
Violations
10
NR
NR
Systems in
Violation
9
NR
NR
Significant Monitoring
Violations
34
97
12
7
0
5
Systems in
Violation
34
80
5
6
0
5
^Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
765
163
233
Where to Obtain the 2005 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wyoming's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
EPA Region 8's Environmental Information Service Center
Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917
E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/region8/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html
June 2008 Page B-62
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix B
-------
Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands
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Indian Lands
2005 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report - Appendix C
PageC-1 June 2008
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