United States Air and Radiation EPA420-P-99-020
Environmental Protection May 1999
Agency
vvEPA Basic Exhaust Emission
Rates of Open Loop
Vehicles for MOBILE6:
Exhaust Emissions at High
and Low Altitudes for
Engine Starts and
Running Emissions for
Motorcycles, Light Duty
Diesel Vehicles and
Trucks and Pre-1981
Model Year Light Duty
Gasoline Vehicles and
Trucks
DRAFT
> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
EPA420-P-99-020
May 1999
Basic Exhaust Emission Rates of Open Loop Vehicles for MOBILE6:
Exhaust Emissions at High and Low Altitudes
for Engine Starts and Running Emissions
for Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Trucks and
Pre-1981 Model Year Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
M6.EXH.005
DRAFT
David J. Brzezinski
John Gilmore
Assessment and Modeling Division
Office of Mobile Sources
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. It is intended to present
technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to
facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which may form
the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
DRAFT M6.EXH.005 1 May 5, 1999
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
"Open loop" is a term that refers to vehicles which do not use electronic feedback
systems to control the delivery of fuel to the engine cylinders. Most current light-duty vehicles
make use of feedback systems. However, motorcycles, older light-duty vehicles and most diesel
vehicles are open-loop. This report discusses how the basic rates for both engine starts and
exhaust running emissions for these open loop vehicles will be estimated for MOBILE6. The
MOBILE6 basic exhaust emission rates for heavy duty trucks and 1981 and newer light-duty
vehicles and trucks are discussed in separate reports.
2.0 DATA SOURCES
In order to calculate the exhaust running emissions and the effect of engine start on
exhaust emissions it is necessary to know the emissions from vehicles measured with and
without and engine start. This can be estimated using the individual bag results from Federal
Test Procedure (FTP) testing. However, the data from each individual bag of the FTP were not
always saved, since only the composite results are usually needed. Since individual bag data is
not available, it is not possible to use all of the data used to develop the basic emission rates used
in MOBILES to develop the factors needed to determine the exhaust running emissions and the
effect of engine start on exhaust emissions separately.
2.1 Motorcycles:
The most recent available FTP test data on motorcycles was used in this report. These
data were obtained from a series of tests performed on 25 motorcycles from various
manufacturers in 1996 and 1997 for the California Air Resources Board (CARB) by Northern
California Diagnostic Laboratories and California Environmental Engineering. The tests
included motorcycles from model years 1992 through 1995. The tested motorcycles had an
average mileage of slightly less than 12,000 miles, with a mileage range from 981 to 47,594
miles.
None of the motorcycle testing information used to develop the basic emission rates used
in MOBILES included the emission rates by FTP bag. As a result, only the results from the
recent California testing were used to determine the split between exhaust running versus engine
start emissions.
2.2 Diesels:
A total of forty Light Duty Diesel Vehicles (LDDV) were tested using the FTP at two
sites in two different time periods. Twenty 1967-1975 Diesel LDVS were tested in Phoenix by
Auto Testing Laboratories (ATL) in November and December of 1977 and twenty 1980 models
were tested in Ann Arbor at the EPA's National Vehicle Fuel and Emissions Laboratory
(NVFEL) during July, August and September of 1983. The Phoenix vehicles had an average
DRAFT M6.EXH.005 2 May 5, 1999
-------
mileage of 86,300 miles with a range from 14,000 to 369,000 miles; the Ann Arbor vehicles had
an average mileage of 70,000 with a range from 40,600 to 119,000 miles. These same data were
used to develop the basic emission rates used in MOBILES.
2.3 Pre-1981 Model Year Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks:
More than 12,000 vehicle tests from the EPA Emission Factor program for pre-1981
model year light-duty gasoline fueled passenger cars and light-duty gasoline fueled trucks which
included individual bag-by-bag FTP results were used for this analysis. However, the sample
size was small for some model year groupings, especially for high altitude areas. These same
data were used to develop the basic emission rates used in MOBILES. Sample sizes for these
vehicles are shown in the tables.
3.0 METHODOLOGY
In addition to the FTP data described in Section 2.0, additional FTP test results, which do
not have individual bag-by-bag breakouts of emissions, were used to develop the basic emission
factor rates found in the MOBILES model. In order to include all of the available data, a
methodology which begins with the basic emission factor emission rates in MOBILES was
chosen as the basis for the composite emission rates estimated for MOBILE6 for motorcycles,
light-duty diesel vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks.
The specific bag-by-bag data were used to estimate the allocation of the basic emission rate into
the portion that represents the effect of engine start and the exhaust running emissions. These
allocations were then applied to the existing MOBILES emission factor estimates.
This section of the report describes the methodology used to develop the factors used to
transform the "zero mile level" (ZML) emissions and "deterioration rates" (DET) used in the
basic exhaust emission factors in MOBILES to rates applicable to MOBILE6. All of the
MOBILES emission rates for the vehicle classes and model years covered in this analysis are
simple linear estimates versus mileage. The emission rates for both engine start and running
emissions for the vehicle classes and model years covered in this analysis are also assumed to be
linear. The model year groupings used in the analysis (and shown in the tables) are taken directly
from the groupings used for the basic emission rates in MOBILES. These are based on changes
in technology (i.e., introduction of catalysts) and changes in the exhaust emission standards. The
model year grouping will sometimes vary depending on the pollutant.
The sum of the two equations (engine start and running) will not equal the composite FTP
results. The FTP includes two engine starts, one after a 12 hour period without the engine
running (12-hour soak) and one after a 10 minute soak. The MOBILE6 model will have explicit
emission rates for the 12 hour soak engine start emission effects and the exhaust running
emission rate. The effect of engine starts with soak times of less than 12 hours are calculated
from the 12-hour soak estimate using correction factors within MOBILE6. These correction
factors are discussed in the report, "The Determination of Start Emissions as a Function of
DRAFT M6.EXH.005 3 May 5, 1999
-------
Mileage and Soak Time for 1981-1993 Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles," (M6.STE.003). In
this way, a variety of soak times can be modeled using MOBILE6.
An FTP estimate can be made by summing the exhaust running emission rate (in grams
per mile) with a weighted engine start emission estimate (converted to grams per mile). A
composite FTP value contains a portion (43%) of the emissions from an engine start after a 12-
hour soak and a portion (57%) of the emissions from an engine start after a 10 minute soak. The
basic exhaust emission rate from an engine start in MOBILE6 represents only emissions from a
12-hour soak. The emissions from a 10 minute soak must be calculated from the 12 hour soak
and the two results appropriately weighted. Then, the results (in grams) must be divided by 7.49
miles (the length of the LA4 trip) to be converted to grams per mile.
3.1 Engine Start Emissions Fraction
Recent testing by EPA has included the measurement of emissions on fully warmed
vehicles over the first 505 seconds of the FTP driving cycle without the inclusion of an engine
start (a "Hot Running 505"). These results can be directly compared to Bag 1 and Bag 3 of the
FTP (which contain the effects of an engine start) to determine the emission impact of engine
start on the emissions of a trip. These data have been used to develop a relationship between the
emission impact of engine starts and the measured FTP emissions. This relationship is described
in the report, "The Determination of Hot Running Emissions From FTP Bag Emissions,"
(M6.STE.002). Older model years of light-duty vehicles, diesel vehicles or motorcycles were not
included in recent testing. However, the same technique can be used to help estimate the effect
of engine starts for these other vehicle classes as well.
The Federal Test Procedure is basically a single LA4 cycle trip containing a mix of
engine start emissions. The engine start portion of the FTP (the first 505 seconds of the LA4 or
the "505") makes up about 48% of the miles traveled during the LA4 (3.59 miles in the 505,
divided by the total 7.49 miles in the LA4). Both Bag 1 and Bag 3 of the FTP use the same
driving cycle (505) and contain an engine start. The FTP assumes that 43% of the trips start with
an engine off soak time of at least 12 hours (a "cold" start), which is represented by Bag 1, and
the remaining starts are represented by Bag 3 (a "hot" start after a 10 minute soak). So, any
emissions from Bag 1 (in grams per mile) must be weighted by the fraction of travel represented
by the 505 (48%) and the fraction of trips that begin after a 12 hour soak period (43%), or 20.6%
(48% times 43%). Those familiar with the MOBILE model may recognize this fraction as the
default VMT normally assigned to the "cold" start operating mode.
The calculation of Start Emissions is based on the assumption that, on average, the effect
on emissions that is attributable to an engine start can be represented by a simple fraction of total
FTP emissions, which includes the effects of engine starts. The basic engine start emission rate
in MOBILE6 is meant to represent the effect on exhaust emissions from the first engine start in
the FTP, after a 12 hour soak period. The effect of engine start on emissions is defined to be that
fraction of the total emissions collected during the FTP represented by the portion of the Bag 1
DRAFT M6.EXH.005 4 May 5, 1999
-------
emissions that remains when emissions measured over the same driving cycle, on a fully warm
engine without an engine start, are subtracted from it.
The formula used to obtain the engine start emission fraction is therefore:
(1) Engine Start Emissions Fraction = ( ( Bagl - HR505 ) * 0.206 ) / FTP
Bag 1 is the emissions measured in the first 505 seconds of the FTP, FIR505 is the
emissions measured for the Hot Running 505, 0.206 is the proportion of the FTP VMT
attributable to Bag 1, and FTP is the Federal Test Procedure emissions. All emissions are in
grams per mile.
Using coefficients described in the report, "The Determination of Hot Running Emissions
From FTP Bag Emissions," (M6.STE.002), the HR505 results were estimated using FTP bag
information. Using this HR505 estimate and the FTP bag information, the Engine Start
Emission Fraction for motorcycles, light-duty diesel vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline
passenger cars and light-duty trucks could be calculated.
Table 1 shows the results of the calculation of the Engine Start Emissions Fraction for
light-duty diesel vehicles, motorcycles and the older (pre-1981 model year) gasoline passenger
cars and light-duty trucks.
3.2 Exhaust Running Emissions Fraction
The calculation of Exhaust Running Emissions for motorcycles, light-duty diesel vehicles
and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks is based on the
assumption that, on average, the basic exhaust running emissions rate can be represented by the
total FTP emissions less the fraction of emission attributable to the effects of engine starts (both
cold and hot starts). The previous section describes how the fraction of emissions attributable to
the effects of engine start are estimated.
The effect of engine start on emissions is found in both Bag 1 and Bag 3 of the FTP
(Federal Test Procedure). Both the FTP Bag 1 and Bag 3 driving cycle is the first 505 seconds of
the LA4 driving cycle. Emissions measured over the same driving cycle (the 505), on a fully
warm engine without an engine start, is referred to as a Hot Running 505 (HR505). If a HR505
is substituted for both Bag 1 and Bag 3 in the calculation of FTP emissions, the resulting exhaust
emission rate represents a LA4 trip without the effect of engine starts. This Hot Running LA4
will be used as the basic exhaust running emission rate in MOBILE6.
The driving cycle used for Bag 2 of the FTP makes up about 52.1% of the miles traveled
during the LA4 (3.91 miles in the Bag 2 cycle, divided by the total 7.49 miles in the LA4). Both
DRAFT M6.EXH.005 5 May 5, 1999
-------
Bag 1 and Bag 3 can be replaced by the HR505 (without engine starts), and weighted by the
remaining VMT in the FTP, or 47.9%, to give the Hot Running LA4 basic exhaust running
emission rate.
The formula used to obtain the exhaust running emission fraction is therefore:
(2) Exhaust Running Emission Fraction = ( (HR505*0.479) + (Bag2*0.521) ) / FTP
FIR505 is the emissions measured for the Hot Running 505, 0.479 is the proportion of the
FTP VMT attributable to the Bag 1 and Bag 3, Bag 2 is the emissions measured during the
second bag of the FTP, 0.521 is the proportion of the FTP VMT attributable to the Bag 2 and
FTP is the Federal Test Procedure emissions. All emissions are in grams per mile.
As was done for engine starts, using coefficients developed from actual measured HR505
values for a sample of vehicles, the HR505 results can be estimated using FTP bag information.
This relationship is described in the report, "The Determination of Hot Running Emissions From
FTP Bag Emissions," (M6.STE.002). Using this HR505 estimate and the available FTP bag
information, the Exhaust Running Emission Fraction was calculated for motorcycles, light-duty
diesel vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks.
Table 2 shows the results of the calculation of the Exhaust Running Emission Fraction for
motorcycles, light-duty diesel vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and
light-duty trucks.
3.3 Calculating Zero Mile Level and Deterioration Rates for MOBILE6
The linear coefficients, zero mile level (ZML) and deterioration (DET) basic emission
rates, in MOBILE6 for light-duty diesel vehicles, motorcycles and the older (pre-1981 model
year) gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks are determined using the fractions developed
in the previous sections. The linear basic emission rates (emission factors) in MOBILES (ZML's
and DET's) predict the FTP emissions of these vehicles versus mileage. Using the fractions
developed in the previous sections, the proportion of FTP emissions that are the effect of engine
start and exhaust running emissions were calculated from the MOBILES basic emission rates.
The equations calculate exhaust emission engine start and running emissions from the MOBILES
emission factor coefficients would be:
(3) MOBILE6 ZMLS (grams) = MOBILES ZML (g/mi) * X * 7.49 miles
(4) MOBILE6 DETS (grams/1 Ok-mi) = MOBILES DET (g/mi/lOk-mi) * X * 7.49 miles
and
DRAFT M6.EXH.005 6 May 5, 1999
-------
(5) MOBILE6 ZMLR (g/mi) = MOBILES ZML (g/mi) * Y
(6) MOBILE6 DETR (g/mi/1 Ok-mi) = MOBILES DET (g/mi/1 Ok-mi) * Y
where:
X = Engine Start Emissions Fraction
Y = Exhaust Running Emission Fraction
MOBILES ZML = MOBILES emission factor zero mile intercept coefficient (g/mi)
MOBILES DET = MOBILES emission factor deterioration coefficient (g/mi/1 Ok mi)
MOBILE6 ZMLS = MOBILE6 engine start emission zero mile intercept coefficient (grams)
MOBILE6 DETS = MOBILE6 engine start emission deterioration coefficient (grams/1 Ok mi)
MOBILE6 ZMLR = MOBILE6 exhaust running emission zero mile intercept coefficient (g/mi)
MOBILE6 DETR = MOBILE6 exhaust running emission deterioration coefficient (g/mi/1 Ok mi)
The 7.49 miles is the miles in the LA4 driving schedule of the FTP. This multiplication
is necessary to convert the grams per mile used for the basic emission rate to grams. The effect
of engine start on emissions in MOBILE6 is expressed in grams.
For some model years there were no data that could be used to determine the appropriate
exhaust running and engine start emission fractions. In these cases, the fractions used for these
model years were taken from similar groupings. For example, we only have bag data for 1992
and newer model year motorcycles. The fractions calculated from these motorcycles will be
applied to all model year motorcycle emission factors from MOBILES. Similarly, light-duty
diesel passenger car results were used for light-duty diesel trucks and low altitude diesel and
motorcycle fractions were used for high altitude estimates.
Table 3 through Table 14 show the results of application of the appropriate exhaust
running and engine start emission fractions to the MOBILES emission factors. The resultant
emission rate coefficients for exhaust running and engine start emissions are proposed to be used
for light-duty diesel vehicles, motorcycles and the older (pre-1981 model year) gasoline
passenger cars and light-duty trucks in MOBILE6.
DRAFT M6.EXH.005 7 May 5, 1999
-------
Table 1
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977-79
1980
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
2289
1269
2916
2134
599
10.371
7.838
6.538
5.260
3.189
1.615
113.950
100.338
81.491
65.604
43.874
20.733
4.894
7.503
6.542
5.095
5.263
2.219
6.870
4.745
3.750
2.659
0.829
0.317
20.630
15.994
12.822
10.549
5.109
1.620
4.309
5.837
2.940
2.658
2.568
1.645
10.356
7.276
5.896
4.176
1.682
0.680
114.408
87.482
67.294
51.900
26.304
8.557
4.289
5.394
3.566
3.077
3.041
1.741
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.13
0.29
0.39
0.17
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.30
0.46
0.03
0.06
0.21
0.16
0.18
0.07
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Pre 1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
Pre 1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
69
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
69
12.808
10.145
8.942
6.690
4.077
3.355
4.313
2.419
153.912
130.575
128.921
103.537
72..609
44.966
70.976
48.981
6.807
4.641
4.001
3.730
1.712
0.840
1.556
0.463
23.278
17.980
17.571
17.776
10.875
4.825
9.103
5.314
10.114
7.104
6.188
5.712
2.782
1.585
2.607
0.955
129.744
97.410
94.451
91.826
52.409
24.669
45.464
25.672
0.122
0.160
0.164
0.107
0.175
0.327
0.218
0.422
0.207
0.238
0.243
0.192
0.243
0.335
0.280
0.350
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
Pre 1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
114
339
228
367
125
302
89
2.304
4.718
4.919
4.102
5.323
1.945
1.101
2.014
3.472
2.001
1.706
1.472
1.094
0.744
2.046
3.634
2.539
2.158
2.225
1.252
0.820
0.029
0.071
0.237
0.229
0.356
0.140
0.090
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
239
91
239
91
239
91
3.135
2.167
40.727
29.217
3.690
2.554
1.201
0.675
5.596
3.454
2.602
1.839
2.024
1.219
26.576
15.591
2.743
1.950
0.197
0.253
0.272
0.432
0.082
0.075
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
10
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
139
68
139
68
139
68
8.681
2.823
103.935
37.444
5.481
2.806
4.195
0.990
10.920
4.070
4.686
1.860
6.355
1.698
61.498
21.143
4.642
1.951
0.145
0.222
0.312
0.325
0.035
0.100
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
28
7
28
7
28
7
3.665
5.113
62.060
98.271
2.429
1.467
1.368
2.035
8.588
13.592
1.658
.922
2.271
3.300
41.724
68.612
1.769
1.015
0.208
0.192
0.264
0.254
0.090
0.111
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1
17
1
17
1
17
10.930
3.913
124.400
74.217
2.910
1.838
5.160
0.777
18.390
6.755
2.54
1.054
7.760
1.590
96.990
35.611
2.520
1.204
0.153
0.406
0.225
0.390
0.030
0.134
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
11
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
THC
CO
NOx
Pre-1981
Pre-1981
Pre-1981
40
40
40
0.712
2.155
1.577
0.397
0.843
1.537
0.688
1.798
1.626
0.094
0.150
0.005
Low Altitude Motorcycles
THC
CO
NOx
All
All
All
25
25
25
1.512
15.563
1.067
0.765
5.055
0.592
1.263
16.597
0.680
0.122
0.132
0.144
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
12
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 2
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977-79
1980
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
6.870
4.747
3.750
2.659
0.829
0.317
20.630
15.994
12.822
10.549
5.109
1.620
4.309
5.837
2.940
2.658
2.568
1.645
11.130
7.555
6.006
4.010
1.194
0.409
126.404
95.359
72.299
54.242
24.339
5.410
3.522
4.643
2.272
2.171
2.120
1.426
10.360
7.276
5.898
4.176
1.682
0.680
114.408
87.483
67.294
51. .900
26.304
8.557
4.289
5.934
3.566
3.077
3.041
1.741
0.88
0.85
0.84
0.81
0.61
0.54
0.66
0.66
0.65
0.64
0.58
0.42
0.91
0.88
0.73
0.78
0.77
0.88
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
13
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
89
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
89
6.807
4.641
4.000
3.730
1.712
0.840
1.556
0.463
23.278
17.980
17.571
17.776
10.675
4.825
9.103
5.314
9.850
6.438
5.537
5.443
2.407
1.034
2.155
0.553
126.915
90.971
86.857
91.143
47.023
18.928
37.981
17.821
10.114
7.104
6.188
5.712
2.782
1.585
2.607
0.995
129.744
97.410
94.451
91.826
52.409
24.669
45.464
25.672
0.830
0.785
0.777
0.809
0.746
0.594
0.717
0.512
0.596
0.575
0.567
0.610
0.565
0.493
0.531
0.461
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
14
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
1973-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
228
367
125
302
89
2.001
1.706
1.472
1.094
0.744
1.619
1.417
1.226
0.912
0.658
2.539
2.158
2.225
1.252
0.820
0.710
0.721
0.604
0.798
0.852
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
239
91
239
91
239
91
1.201
0.675
5.596
3.454
2.602
1.839
1.765
0.946
25.345
12.223
2.010
1.518
2.024
1.219
26.576
15.591
2.743
1.950
0.739
0.670
0.598
0.515
0.836
0.587
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
28
7
28
7
28
7
1.368
2.035
8.588
13.592
1.658
0.922
1.804
2.749
36.222
56.314
1.283
0.756
2.271
3.300
41.724
68.612
1.769
1.015
0.703
0.729
0.551
0.523
0.827
0.823
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
15
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
139
68
139
68
139
68
4.195
0.990
10.930
4.070
4.686
1.860
6.016
1.422
57.407
17.769
3.462
1.376
6.355
1.698
61.498
21.143
4.642
1.991
0.809
0.716
0.571
0.530
0.872
0.807
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
1
17
1
17
1
17
5.160
0.777
18.390
6.755
2.540
1.056
7.100
0.723
96.000
19.217
1.850
0.925
7.760
1.590
96.990
35.611
2.520
1.204
0.795
0.471
0.607
0.372
0.865
0.821
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
16
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
THC
CO
NOx
All
All
All
40
40
40
0.397
0.843
1.537
0.733
1.671
1.712
0.688
1.798
1.626
0.831
0.709
1.001
Low Altitude Motorcycles
THC
CO
NOx
All
All
All
25
25
25
0.765
5.055
0.592
1.216
15.629
0.449
1.263
16.597
0.680
0.792
0.637
0.761
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
17
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 3
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
Low Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
7.250
4.430
3.000
3.380
1.060
0.360
0.180
0.250
0.370
0.160
0.280
0.205
3.638
2.920
2.247
3.240
2.294
1.060
0.090
0.165
0.277
0.153
0.606
0.603
6.380
3.766
2.520
2.738
0.647
0.194
0.158
0.213
0.311
0.130
0.171
0.111
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
7.250
4.430
3.000
3.360
1.800
0.870
0.180
0.250
0.370
0.170
0.270
0.280
10.861
6.636
4.494
5.033
2.696
1.629
0.270
0.375
0.554
0.255
0.404
0.524
5.365
3.278
2.220
2.486
1.332
0.583
0.133
0.185
0.274
0.126
0.200
0.188
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
9.570
6.280
6.280
0.870
0.180
0.250
0.170
0.280
10.752
7.056
7.056
1.434
0.202
0.281
0.191
0.461
7.752
5.087
5.087
0.626
0.146
0.203
0.139
0.202
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
18
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 4
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
Low Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982-84
1985-87
1988+
8.78
2.40
1.93
1.65
1.31
1.20
0.75
1.44
1.15
0.95
0.75
0.70
8.012
2.190
1.761
1.506
1.195
1.095
0.684
1.314
1.049
0.867
0.684
0.639
6.952
1.900
1.528
1.306
1.037
0.950
0.594
1.140
0.911
0.752
0.594
0.554
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-79
1980+
1.310
0.420
0.290
0.080
0.070
0.030
0.927
0.297
0.205
0.057
0.050
0.021
1.089
0.349
0.241
0.066
0.058
0.025
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1978
1978-80
1981+
0.860
0.860
0.043
0.800
0.800
0.400
0.605
0.605
0.303
0.563
0.563
0.282
0.715
0.715
0.357
0.665
0.665
0.332
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
19
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 5
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Low Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
78.270
56.340
42.170
40.940
17.720
6.090
2.250
2.550
3.130
2.350
2.460
1.958
98.489
83.975
66.329
67.154
40.348
20.982
2.831
3.801
4.923
3.855
5.351
6.746
51.815
36.903
27.453
26.283
10.189
2.558
1.490
1.670
2.038
1.509
1.415
0.822
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre 1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
78.270
56.340
42.170
40.780
24.550
12.280
2.250
2.550
3.130
2.440
2.590
2.430
158.285
113.936
85.280
82.469
49.647
31.272
4.550
5.157
6.330
4.934
5.238
6.188
39.918
28.733
21.507
20.798
12.521
6.263
1.148
1.301
1.596
1.244
1.321
1.239
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre- 1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
93.980
60.080
60.080
12.280
225
2.55
2.44
2.43
218.212
139.500
139.500
30.352
5.224
5.921
5.665
6.006
53.569
34.246
34.246
6.508
1.283
1.454
1.391
1.288
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
20
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 6
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Low Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982+
33.42
24.39
17.51
17.40
3.22
3.56
2.53
2.46
32.927
24.030
17.252
17.143
3.172
3.507
2.493
2.424
21.272
15.524
11.145
11.075
2.050
2.266
1.610
1.566
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-76
1977
1978
1979
1980+
2.710
1.170
1.170
1.170
1.170
1.150
0.130
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.040
3.048
1.316
1.316
1.316
1.316
1.293
0.146
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.045
1.921
0.830
0.830
0.830
0.830
0.815
0.092
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.028
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1978
1978-80
1981+
1.97
1.97
1.33
0.100
0.100
0.040
2.213
2.213
1.494
0.112
0.112
0.045
1.397
1.397
0.943
0.071
0.071
0.028
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
21
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 7
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Low Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977-79
1980
3.440
4.350
2.860
2.440
1.790
1.500
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.040
0.110
.0.102
0.721
2.085
6.777
2.979
2.453
0.753
0.000
0.000
0.078
0.049
0.151
0.051
3.127
3.824
2.079
1.906
1.373
1.319
0.000
0.000
0.036
0.031
0.084
0.090
Light Dut0.102y Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-78
1979-80
3.440
4.350
2.870
2.700
1.770
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.030
0.060
0.275
0.348
0.230
0.216
0.142
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.002
0.005
2.890
3.564
2.411
2.28
1.522
0.000
0.000
0.034
0.025
0.052
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
5.440
6.450
4.610
1.770
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.060
1.630
1.932
1.381
1.326
0.000
0.000
0.030
0.045
4.733
5.612
4.011
1.434
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.049
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
22
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 8
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Low Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980+
0.250
0.680
0.850
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.269
0.733
0.916
0.032
0.000
0.000
0.190
0.517
0.647
0.023
0.000
0.000
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-80
1981-84
1985+
1.460
1.400
1.310
0.870
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.055
0.053
0.050
0.033
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
1.461
1.400
1.310
0.870
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre_1978
1978-80
1981-7
1988-89
1990+
1.830
1.830
1.480
1.070
1.030
0.080
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.069
0.069
0.055
0.040
0.039
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.001
1.830
1.830
1.480
1.070
1.030
0.080
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
23
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 9
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
High Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
9.350
5.600
4.580
4.620
2.000
0.930
2.080
0.780
0.018
0.025
0.037
0.016
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.205
8.544
6.711
5.626
3.668
2.622
2.278
3.396
2.366
0.164
0.300
0.454
0.127
0.367
0.686
0.457
0.622
7.761
4.396
3.559
3.738
1.492
0.552
1.491
0.399
0.149
0.196
0.287
0.129
0.209
0.166
0.201
0.105
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
9.350
5.600
4.580
4.580
3.400
1.660
0.180
0.250
0.370
0.170
0.270
0.280
14.707
8.808
7.204
7.204
5.348
2.362
0.256
0.356
0.527
0.242
0.384
0.398
6.639
3.976
3.252
3.252
2.414
1.212
0.128
0.176
0.263
0.121
0.192
0.197
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
12.350
8.560
8.560
1.660
0.180
0.250
0.170
0.280
14.169
9.821
9.821
5.052
0.207
0.287
0.195
0.852
9.880
6.848
0.848
0.780
0.144
0.200
0.136
0.132
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
24
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 10
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
High Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982-84
1985-87
1988+
11.430
3.020
2.950
2.520
2.000
1.840
0.750
1.440
1.150
0.950
0.750
0.700
10.273
2.714
2.651
2.265
1.798
1.654
0.674
1.294
1.034
0.854
0.674
0.629
9.041
2.389
2.333
1.993
1.582
1.455
0.593
1.139
0.910
0.751
0.593
0.554
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-79
1980-81
1982-83
1984+
3.010
0.970
0.670
0.400
0.290
0.080
0.070
0.030
0.030
0.030
2.119
0.683
0.472
0.282
0.204
0.056
0.049
0.021
0.021
0.021
2.501
0.806
0.557
0.332
0.241
0.066
0.058
0.025
0.025
0.025
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1978
1978-80
1981+
1.976
1.976
0.988
0.800
0.800
0.400
1.391
1.391
0.696
0.563
0.563
0.282
1.642
1.642
0.821
0.665
0.665
0.332
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
25
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 11
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
High Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
117.700
85.540
79.640
75.680
47.030
19.630
41.830
22.800
2.250
2.550
3.130
2.350
2.460
2.460
2.460
1.958
182.486
152.485
144.950
108.834
85.598
49.255
87.726
59.770
3.488
4.546
5.697
3.379
4.477
6.173
5.159
5.133
70.149
49.186
45.156
46.165
26.572
9.678
22.212
10.511
1.341
1.466
1.775
1.434
1.390
1.213
1.306
0.903
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
117.700
85.540
79.640
75.630
58.010
44.250
2.250
2.250
3.130
2.440
2.590
2.430
229.209
166.581
155.091
147.282
112.969
82.858
4.382
4.382
6.095
4.752
5.044
4.550
64.735
47.047
43.802
41.597
31.906
23.010
1.238
1.238
1.722
1.342
1.425
1.264
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
141.350
107.720
107.720
44.249
2.250
2.550
2.440
2.430
243.504
185.569
185.569
195.541
3.876
4.393
4.203
7.098
86.224
65.709
65.709
16.372
1.373
1.556
1.488
0.899
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
26
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 12
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
High Altitude
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-79
1980-83
1984+
4.740
2.050
2.010
1.150
0.130
0.090
0.040
0.040
5.325
2.303
2.258
1.292
0.146
0.101
0.045
0.045
3.361
1.453
1.425
0.815
0.092
0.064
0.028
0.028
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1978
1978-80
1981+
3.446
3.446
1.723
0.100
0.100
0.040
3.872
3.872
1.936
0.112
0.112
0.045
2.443
2.443
1.222
0.071
0.071
0.028
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982+
50.130
37.070
33.090
32.890
3.220
3.560
2.530
2.460
48.812
36.095
32.220
32.025
3.135
3.466
2.463
2.395
31.883
23.577
21.045
20.918
2.048
2.264
1.609
1.565
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
27
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 13
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
High Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
1.960
2.910
1.920
1.700
1.370
0.970
0.820
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.040
0.110
0.110
0.102
0.426
1.548
3.408
2.916
3.653
1.017
0.550
0.000
0.000
0.089
0.069
0.293
0.115
0.069
1.766
2.543
1.363
1.226
0.827
0.774
0.699
0.000
0.000
0.036
0.029
0.066
0.088
0.087
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Prel968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
1.960
2.910
1.910
1.880
0.970
0.970
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.030
0.060
0.060
1.321
1.962
1.288
1.267
0.654
0.654
0.000
0.000
0.027
0.020
0.040
0.040
1.627
2.415
1.585
1.560
0.805
0.795
0.000
0.000
0.03
0.025
0.050
0.049
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
3.100
4.320
3.070
0.970
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.060
0.697
0.971
0.690
0.944
0.000
0.000
0.009
0.058
2.697
3.758
2.671
0.407
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.049
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
28
May 5, 1999
-------
Table 14
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
High Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980+
0.140
0.450
0.570
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.147
0.472
0.598
0.031
0.000
0.000
0.107
0.343
0.434
0.023
0.000
0.000
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-80
1981-84
1985+
1.460
1.400
1.310
0.870
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.055
0.052
0.049
0.033
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
1.461
1.401
1.311
0.871
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Prel978
1978-80
1981-87
1988-89
1980+
1.830
1.830
1.480
1.070
1.030
0.080
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.069
0.069
0.055
0.040
0.039
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.001
1.832
1.832
1.481
1.071
1.031
0.080
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
DRAFT M6.EXH.005
29
May 5, 1999
------- |