United States Air and Radiation EPA420-R-99-029
Environmental Protection November 1999
Agency
4vEPA Analysis of the Impacts
of Control Programs on
Motor Vehicle Toxics
Emissions and Exposure
in Urban Areas and
Nationwide: Volume I
> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
EPA420-R-99-029
November 1999
on
in
I
Assessment and Modeling Division
Office of Mobile Sources
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
-------
Report No. SR99-11-02
Analysis of the Impacts of
Control Programs on Motor
Vehicle Toxics Emissions and
Exposure in Urban Areas and
Nationwide
Volume I
prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
November 30, 1999
prepared by:
Sierra Research, Inc.
1801 J Street
Sacramento, California 95814
(916)444-6666
-------
Analysis of the Impact of Control Programs on Motor Vehicle
Toxics Emissions and Exposure in Urban Areas and Nationwide
Volume I
prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
under Contract No. 68-C7-0051
Work Assignment 1-06
November 30, 1999
prepared by:
Sierra Research, Inc.
1801 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916)444-6666
Radian International Corporation/Eastern Research Group
Austin, TX
-------
Disclaimer
Although the information in this report has been funded wholly or in part by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-C7-0051, it has
not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and is being released
for information purposes only. It therefore may not necessarily reflect the views of the
Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
-------
Analysis of the Impact of Control Programs on Motor Vehicle
Toxics Emissions and Exposure in Urban Areas and Nationwide
Volume I
Table of Contents
page
1. Summary 1
Modeled Areas and Control Scenarios 1
Methodology 2
Emissions Results 5
Exposure Results 10
Nationwide Inventory Estimates 14
2. Introduction 16
Background 16
Project Scope 17
Organization of the Report 20
3. TOG and CO Modeling Methodology 21
TOG Emissions 23
CO Emissions 31
4. Toxics Emissions Modeling Methodology 37
Exhaust Emissions 37
Evaporative Emissions 53
Diesel Particulate Emissions 55
5. Scenario Descriptions 56
6. Development of Area-Specific Model Inputs 58
Selection of Modeled Areas 58
Specific MOBILE Inputs for This Study 59
Area-Specific Toxic-TOG Curves 73
Area-Specific Evaporative Benzene and MTBE Fractions 75
Input File Development 75
PARTS Input Files 76
-------
Input File Summary 77
Table of Contents, continued
page
7. Urban Area Motor Vehicle Toxics Emissions Estimates 80
Gasoline Sulfur and Light-Duty Vehicle Controls 80
Fuel Controls 85
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Controls 87
8. Urban Area Toxics Exposure Estimates 89
1990 CO Exposure Estimates 89
CO Emissions Estimates 91
Reactivity and VMT Adjustments 92
Modeled Urban Area Toxics Exposure Estimates 94
9. National Level Toxics Emissions Inventories 105
County-Level Toxics Emissions Rates 105
VMT Estimates 106
Emissions Estimates 106
10. National-Level Toxics Exposure Estimates 109
1990 CO Exposure 109
Urban and Rural Emission Rates 110
Population Forecasts Ill
Toxic Exposure Estimates for Urban and Rural Areas 112
11. Risk Assessment 117
12. Modeled Exposure vs. Monitoring Data 119
Ambient Measurement Data 119
Results 119
13. Sensitivity Analysis 122
Double Deterioration Rates 122
Minimum/Maximum Fuel Properties 124
Toxics Fractions Based on MVRATS 127
MOBILES-Based Registration Distributions and Mileage
Accumulation Rates 128
-------
Sensitivity Analysis Summary 129
14. References 130
List of Appendices
Appendix A Revised TOG Inputs for MOBTOXSb Emissions Modeling
Appendix B Revised CO Inputs for MOBILESb Emissions Modeling
Appendix C Methodology to Account for Normal/High Emitter Distributions in
MOBTOXSb
Appendix D Equations Used to Generate Toxics Fractions for Non-Complex Model
Vehicles
Appendix E EPA's Suggested Methodology to Determine Toxics Fuel Effects from the
Complex Model
Appendix F Model-Year-Specific Technology Fractions
Appendix G Evaluation of CARB UC-FTP Database
Appendix H Summary of MOBTOXSb Code Changes to Implement Revised Toxics
Emissions Estimation Procedures and Description of Model Function
Appendix I Fuel Parameters Used in Toxics Emissions Estimates
Appendix J Development of Fuel Specification Estimates
Appendix K Sample Toxic-TOG "Curves" for 2007 Phoenix Summertime Fuel
Appendix L Sample Evaporative Fraction Input File for 2007 Phoenix Summertime
Fuel
Appendix M Sample MOBTOXSb Input File for Phoenix
Appendix N Sample MOBTOXSb Output for Phoenix
Appendix O County-Level Population, VMT, and Emissions Mapping
-------
1. SUMMARY
Under Work Assignment 1-06 of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) contract
#68-C7-0051, Sierra Research, Inc. (Sierra), in conjunction with subcontractor Radian
International Corporation/Eastern Research Group (Radian/ERG), has performed a
number of tasks related to the evaluation of motor vehicle air toxics emissions, exposure,
and risk assessment. This study expanded upon a previous analysis of motor vehicle air
toxics performed by Sierra, Radian, and Energy and Environmental Analysis (EEA) in
19981* to include additional control scenarios and modeled areas.
As described below, emissions and exposure estimates were prepared for the following
air toxics: benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, MTBE, and Diesel
particulate. The analysis was performed for ten selected urban areas in the U.S. under a
variety of control scenarios. An additional 16 regional areas were evaluated in order to
provide a broad range of fuel parameters, temperature regimes, and I/M programs that
were needed for national estimates of toxics emissions and exposure. Estimates were
prepared for calendar years 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020. Although risk estimates were
not prepared as part of this study, the modeling framework to perform those calculations,
with the unit risk factor for each toxic as a variable input, was developed.
Modeled Areas and Control Scenarios
Under this work assignment, on-road motor vehicle air toxics emissions, exposure, and
cancer risk were estimated for ten urban areas consisting of Atlanta, Chicago, Denver,
Houston, Minneapolis, New York City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Spokane, and St. Louis.
Emissions modeling was also performed for an additional 16 geographic regions to reflect
the range of potential fuels, temperatures, and I/M programs observed in the U.S. These
estimates were used in conjunction with the urban area analyses to prepare national level
emissions, exposure, and risk estimates Modeling was performed for 1990, 1996, 2007,
and 2020. The forecast years included the following scenarios that were defined in
consultation with EPA:
• Scenario 0 -Baseline fuels and emission rates, assuming the implementation of
a National Low-Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program.
• Scenario 1 - Baseline emission factors with an assumed national gasoline
regulation limiting sulfur levels to 30 ppm.
Superscripts denote references provided in Section 14.
-1-
-------
Scenario 2 - Scenario 1 with more stringent tailpipe hydrocarbon emission
standards for light-duty cars and trucks (i.e., reflecting Tier 2 emission
standards).
Scenario 3 - Scenario 2 with an assumed increase in light-duty Diesel vehicle
penetration beginning in model year 2004.
Scenario 4 - Tier 2 emission standards with a national gasoline regulation
capping benzene content at 1% (modeled as 0.95% in-use).
Scenario 5 - Tier 2 emission standards with a national gasoline regulation
requiring compliance with a 25% toxics reduction performance standard based
on the Complex model.
Scenario 6 - More stringent light-duty vehicle emission standards equivalent to
0.055 g/mi non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) coupled with a national 30 ppm
sulfur cap.
Scenario 7 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle
exhaust and evaporative emission standards proposed by EPA in October
1999.2
Scenario 8 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr).
Scenario 9 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr).
The above scenarios were evaluated to estimate potential impacts of control programs.
These scenarios do not necessarily represent either planned or likely controls.
Methodology
Emissions Estimates - The methodology used to prepare the emission estimates for this
study was similar to the approach used by EPA in its development of toxics emission
rates for the 1993 Motor Vehicle Related Air Toxics Study (MVRATS). In that
approach, the MOBILE model is used to generate total organic gas (TOG) emissions from
on-road motor vehicles by vehicle class and model year. Toxics fractions, developed as a
percentage of the toxic compound of interest contained in TOG emissions, are then
applied to the MOBILE-based TOG gram per mile (g/mi) results to arrive at toxic
emission rates in g/mi or milligrams per mile (mg/mi). The toxics fractions are
developed as a function of vehicle type (e.g., light-duty versus heavy-duty), fuel type
(gasoline versus Diesel), and technology type (e.g., non-catalyst versus catalyst).
-2-
-------
Although there are similarities between the emissions methodology used in the 1993
MVRATS and the methodology used in this study, there are also a number of areas in
which improvements were made. These are summarized below.
• The on-road motor vehicle TOG emission rates were based on more recent
estimates that were developed by EPA to support the Tier 2 rulemaking. In
addition to revised base emission rate equations, off-cycle emissions effects,
revised fleet characteristics, and revised fuel effects were incorporated into the
analysis. It should be noted that EPA provided the study team with the
applicable inputs for each control scenario.
• The emissions response (both in terms of TOG and toxics) of newer technology
vehicles to changes in fuel parameters was based on an evaluation performed
with the Complex model for reformulated gasoline. This model was not
available at the time the 1993 MVRATS was completed.
• Instead of applying a single toxics fraction to each technology or model year,
the emissions impacts of particular fuel formulations on late-model vehicles
were assessed separately for normal and high emitting vehicles. The approach
used to implement this methodology relied on the development of "toxic-TOG
curves" that plotted the target fuel toxic emission rate (in mg/mi) against the
base fuel TOG emission rate (in g/mi). Different toxic-TOG curves were
developed for each of the fuel formulations investigated in this study. The
MOBILE model was then revised to apply the calculated TOG emission rate to
the toxic-TOG curve to determine the corresponding toxic emission rate.
Because of the vast number of model runs required in this effort, the process was
automated as much as possible. Software was developed to create area-specific input
files and to process the model output into a format that could be easily used in the
ensuing exposure calculations.
Exposure Estimates - Once the toxics emission rates were developed, toxics exposure was
estimated according to the following formula:
TOXExposure(Mg/m3) — LCOExposure(Mg/m3)/COEF(g/mi)J1990 x TOXEF(g/mi)
where TOX reflects one of the six toxic pollutants considered in this study. Because
some of the toxic pollutants evaluated in this study (e.g., 1,3-butadiene) have a different
photochemical reactivity than CO, the exposure concentrations were adjusted to account
for atmospheric transformation. In addition, because the CO ratios are based on the 1990
calendar year, an adjustment was made to account for the increase in VMT relative to
1990. These adjustments were developed in consultation with EPA.
The 1990 CO exposure estimates above were based on modeling performed under
contract to EPA with the Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM). These
-3-
-------
estimates were provided to the study team for each of the modeled urban areas and
represent only that portion of CO exposure attributable to on-road motor vehicles.
Separate exposure estimates were provided by quarter and for three different demographic
groups: (1) total population, (2) outdoor workers, and (3) children 0 to 17 years of age.
Outdoor workers were selected because they represent the highest exposed demographic
group, while children are generally considered a very sensitive demographic group.
Similar to the toxics emissions estimates, the 1990 CO emission factors were based on a
modified version of MOBILESb that incorporated many revisions expected to be
implemented with MOBILE6. This included revised base emission rates, incorporation
of off-cycle effects, and revised oxygenated fuel effects.
The 1990 CO emission factors, toxics emission factors (all calendar years and scenarios),
and 1990 CO exposure estimates were compiled in a FORTRAN routine to generate
exposure estimates according to the formula above. Estimates are prepared according to
urban area, calendar year, season, control scenario, vehicle class, demographic group, and
toxic compound.
Risk Assessment - Although the original work plan drafted for this study included the
analysis of cancer risk, EPA requested that cancer risk estimates not be prepared at this
time because work is still underway to develop appropriate unit risk factors to assign to
each toxic. Instead, Sierra was instructed to develop a modeling methodology that would
allow EPA to input appropriate unit risk factors at a later date. This was accomplished
within the FORTRAN routines developed to calculate exposure.
Within the exposure model, estimates of individual cancer risk are calculated with the
following formula:
CANfcd = TOXExposure.Adj(wfa3) x (UR/ YPL)
where TOXExposure.Adj ([lg/m3) is the toxic exposure estimate adjusted for VMT growth and
atmospheric transformation; UR is the unit risk in cancer cases or deaths per person
exposed in a lifetime to 1 |ig/m3 of the toxic compound of interest; and YPL is years per
lifetime (typically assumed to be 70 years).
To calculate the total cancer cases for the population, the individual cancer risk defined
above was simply multiplied by the population subject to the toxic compound exposure,
i.e.,
CANPop = CANtod x Population
Nationwide Inventory Estimates - As part of this work assignment, toxics emissions
inventories (in tons per year) were prepared for each county in the U.S. for all scenarios
-4-
-------
and calendar years.* To determine the toxics emission rates applicable to individual
counties, each county was "mapped" to one of the 26 modeled areas on the basis of
similarities in fuels, temperatures, and I/M programs. Once that mapping was completed,
it was a simple matter to combine the emission rates with county-level VMT estimates.
In addition to the county-level inventories, total emissions were summed for each state
and for the U.S. as a whole. For the nationwide estimates, results were prepared for all 50
states and for the 50 states excluding Alaska, California, and Hawaii at the direction of
EPA.
Nationwide Exposure and Risk Estimates - In addition to national inventory estimates, a
methodology was developed in which national-level exposure and risk estimates were
prepared. This included separate estimates for urban areas, rural areas, and the entire
United States.
Emissions Results
Gasoline Sulfur and Light-Duty Vehicle Controls - Figures 1-1 and 1-2 show benzene
emission rate estimates for Atlanta and Chicago, respectively, for the following control
scenarios:
• Scenario 0 (baseline NLEV),
Scenario 1 (30 ppm national sulfur cap),
• Scenario 2 (Tier 2 emission standards), and
Scenario 6 (0.055 g/mi NMHC standards for light-duty vehicles).
Because of the voluminous nature of the estimates prepared for this study, results are
presented in Figures 1-1 and 1-2 only for Atlanta (a non-RFG area) and Chicago (an RFG
area); more detailed results (i.e., other pollutants and areas) can be found in Section 7 and
in Volume n of this report. However, the results shown in Figures 1-1 and 1-2 are
generally reflective of the trends observed for these control scenarios.
Reviewing the fleet-average toxics emission factors in Figures 1-1 and 1-2, the following
observations can be made:
• Significant reductions in fleet-average toxics emissions are observed between
1990 and 2020 with no further vehicle or fuel controls. This is a result of fleet-
turnover resulting in full implementation of the federal emission control
regulations currently on the books.
• Implementation of Scenario 1, a 30 ppm national gasoline sulfur cap, resulted
in a net decrease in benzene for both areas. Atlanta experienced a larger
As explained later in the report, it was not possible to prepare national inventories for Scenarios 4 and 5.
Instead, emissions estimates and inventories were generated for seven specific urban areas to give a range
of potential emissions impacts.
-5-
-------
decrease because Chicago was assumed to use RFG in the baseline scenario.
This measure resulted in a decrease of all toxic emissions except Diesel PM.
-------
Figure 1-1
120
100
O)
"
01
N
Ol
00
80
60
40
20
Annual Average Benzene Emission Rates in Atlanta
• Baseline
- -D - -Sc#1 (SOppm S)
- -e - Sc#2 (Tier 2)
- -A- - Sc#6 (0.055 NMHC)
1985 1990 1995
2000 2005 2010
Calendar Year
2015 2020 2025
-------
Figure 1-2
Annual Average Benzene Emission Rates in Chicago
-------
Implementation of Scenario 6, more stringent light-duty vehicle emission
standards (0.055 g/mi NMHC), results in reductions beyond those achieved by
the Tier 2 standards.
The Tier 2 emission standards reflected in Scenario 2 result in reductions in all pollutants.
The benefits of Scenario 2 are greater for the 2020 runs because of the fleet turnover that
occurs between 2007 and 2020. The Tier 2 standards also include reductions in light-duty
Diesel particulate emissions, but the reductions in fleet-average Diesel PM are very
moderate under Scenario 2 because of the small contribution of light-duty Diesel cars and
trucks to overall fleet VMT. Although not shown in Figures 1-1 and 1-2, the increased
light-duty Diesel penetration scenario (Scenario 3) generally reduced benzene emissions
and increased formaldehyde emissions. Fleet-average Diesel PM emissions also
increased under that case.
Fuel Controls - In addition to the 30 ppm sulfur cap, two other fuel scenarios were
evaluated in this study:
• Scenario 4 - a national gasoline regulation capping benzene content at 1%
(modeled as 0.95% in-use); and
Scenario 5 - a national regulation requiring compliance with a 25% toxics
reduction performance standard using the Complex model.
Both of these scenarios were modeled assuming that Tier 2 emission standards were in
place, and estimates were prepared for 2007 and 2020. Because of the difficulty in
predicting fuel specifications for these scenarios, and because some areas would be
relatively unaffected by these rules (e.g., areas that already had benzene levels below
0.95% would see no impact from Scenario 4), these scenarios were modeled only for the
following areas: Atlanta, Cleveland, Eau Claire, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh,
and Seattle. A summary of the fleet-average results for benzene for selected areas is
given in Table 1-1. The results for the remaining pollutants can be found in Volume n of
this report.
Several items are worth noting with respect to the results presented in Table 1-1. First,
the benzene cap scenario does not impact all areas equally because the baseline fuels
(i.e., the 30 ppm sulfur case) in each area has a different benzene level. In areas such as
Seattle, which has a relatively high baseline benzene level (1.8% to 2.2%, depending on
season), substantial reductions in benzene emission rates are observed for Scenario 4.
However, scenario 4 resulted in a slight increase in benzene in Atlanta because the 30
ppm S fuel in those areas had annual average benzene levels that were below the 0.95%
level, and the fuel parameters provided by EPA for modeling the impacts of the benzene
cap was set at 0.95% for all areas. Under the 25% toxics reduction performance standard
scenario, all areas were predicted to have reductions in benzene levels. Again, however,
the extent of that reduction was dependent upon the specifications of the baseline fuel.
-------
Table 1-1
Fleet-Average Benzene Emission Rates for Fuel Control Scenarios
Area
Atlanta
Cleveland
Kansas City
Seattle
Scenario
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Benzene (mg/mi)
2007
21.3
22.2
19.1
24.4
23.3
21.0
34.0
31.7
30.4
32.4
24.8
20.8
2020
11.9
12.4
10.7
13.4
12.8
11.6
22.5
20.8
20.0
17.8
13.7
11.6
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Controls - A final set of emissions estimates that was prepared for
this study involved changes to heavy-duty vehicles. Three separate scenarios were
modeled in this case:
• Scenario 7 - more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle emission standards
proposed by EPA in October 1999;
• Scenario 8 - more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM emission standards
(equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr); and
• Scenario 9 - more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM emission standards
(equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr).
The above scenarios were run for all urban areas (and geographic areas) modeled in this
study for the 2007 and 2020 calendar years. It was assumed that the Scenario 2
assumptions applied to light-duty vehicles for the analysis of Scenarios 7 to 9.
The results for Scenario 7 are summarized in Table 1-2, which shows class-specific
emission rates in Atlanta and Chicago for benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and
1,3-butadiene. Because HDGVs make up such a small fraction of the total VMT, the
impact of this control measure on fleet-average emissions is very slight (about 0.8% in
Atlanta in 2020). For the HDGV class, this control measure achieves a 13% to 15%
reduction in benzene emissions in 2020. Similar reductions are observed for the other
toxics as well. It is interesting to note that a significant reduction in HDGV emissions is
observed between 2007 and 2020 without further controls. This is a result of the fact that
-9-
-------
compliance with the 2.5 g/bhp-hr HC + NOx standard beginning in 2004 is assumed to be
in the baseline emission estimates.
Table 1-2
Class-Specific Emission Rates for More Stringent Emission Standards
for Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (Scenario 7)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Year
2007
2020
2007
2020
Scenario
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Emission Rate (mg/mi)
Bnz
59.0
56.6
28.2
24.5
40.1
38.3
18.3
15.5
Acet
7.4
7.2
2.7
2.5
15.6
15.2
5.6
5.2
Form
30.0
29.3
9.3
8.6
28.2
27.5
7.9
7.3
1,3 -But
5.7
5.6
1.6
1.5
4.9
4.8
1.1
1.0
A summary of the Diesel PM emissions estimates for Scenarios 8 and 9 is contained in
Table 1-3. Based on the simple assumptions that were used in this analysis (e.g., no
deterioration in PM emissions, even though trap technology would likely be required to
meet these emission levels), significant emission reductions are achieved in the 2020 runs
for both the 0.01 g/bhp-hr case and the 0.05 g/bhp-hr case. However, this represents a
best-case scenario, and is not necessarily reflective of what would occur in customer
service. Note that these results are not presented by area. That is because the PARTS
model does not account for regional differences in Diesel fuel or temperature in its
estimates.
Table 1-3
Fleet-Average Diesel PM Emission Rates for More Stringent
Heavy-Duty Diesel PM Emission Standards (Scenarios 8 and 9)
Scenario
Sc#2 (Baseline)
Sc#8 (0.01 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#9 (0.05 g/bhp-hr)
2007 (mg/mi)
19.0
17.8
18.2
2020 (mg/mi)
15.5
3.0
8.7
-10-
-------
-11-
-------
Exposure Results
Exposure Estimates-Gasoline Sulfur and Light-Duty Vehicle Controls - Annual average
benzene and Diesel PM exposure results for the fleet (i.e., all vehicle classes combined)
are given in Tables 1-4 and 1-5, respectively, for Atlanta and Chicago for the following
control scenarios:
Scenario 0 (baseline NLEV),
• Scenario 1 (30 ppm national sulfur cap),
Scenario 2 (Tier 2 emission standards),
• Scenario 3 (increased light-duty Diesel penetration), and
Scenario 6 (0.055 g/mi NMHC standards for light-duty vehicles).
Insert Table 1-4
It is interesting to note that the motor vehicle air toxics exposures are estimated to
decrease substantially between 1990 and 2020, even without additional controls on
vehicles and fuels. This is a result of fleet-turnover and the full implementation of federal
regulations that are currently in place. However, for some pollutants for which heavy-
duty Diesel vehicles are a large contributor (i.e., formaldehyde and Diesel PM), exposure
increases between 2007 and 2020. This is a result of fleet VMT growing at a faster rate
than the reduction in fleet emissions between 2007 and 2020.
-12-
-------
Table 1-4
Annual Average Exposure Results for Benzene
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.930
—
—
—
—
0.784
—
—
—
—
1996
0.836
—
—
—
—
0.482
—
—
—
—
2007
0.480
0.424
0.413
0.406
0.401
0.264
0.248
0.241
0.237
0.233
2020
0.428
0.374
0.309
0.272
0.247
0.220
0.204
0.167
0.147
0.133
-------
As one might expect, the benefits of Scenario 1, a national gasoline rule limiting sulfur to
30 ppm, are greatest in areas that do not have a pre-existing reformulated gasoline
program such as Atlanta. Areas with an RFG program (e.g., Chicago) show more
-13-
-------
Insert Table 1-5
moderate decreases in motor vehicle toxics exposure, depending on pollutant, as a result
of a national gasoline sulfur limit. The more stringent light-duty vehicle exhaust
emission standards included in Scenario 2 (Tier 2 standards) and Scenario 6 (0.055 g/mi
NMHC standards) in general show greater decreases in toxics exposure than the other
light-duty vehicle control scenarios modeled in this effort, particularly for the 2020
calendar year run. Finally, the increased light-duty Diesel penetration scenario modeled
in Scenario 3 results in increased Diesel particulate exposure levels, although benzene
exposure is decreased.
Exposure Estimates-Fuel Controls - As noted above, two other fuel scenarios were
evaluated in this study in addition to the national 30 ppm sulfur cap:
• Scenario 4 - a national gasoline regulation capping benzene content at 1%, and
• Scenario 5 - a national regulation requiring compliance with a 25% toxics
reduction performance standard.
Both of these scenarios were modeled assuming that Tier 2 emission standards were in
place, and estimates were prepared for 2007 and 2020. A summary of results is given in
Table 1-6. Because area-specific CO exposure estimates were not available for
Cleveland, Eau Claire, Kansas City, Pittsburgh, and Seattle, the results in Table 1-6 are
-14-
-------
Table 1-5
Annual Average Exposure Results for Diesel PM
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.775
—
—
—
—
0.761
—
—
—
—
1996
0.582
—
—
—
—
0.387
—
—
—
—
2007
0.365
0.365
0.363
0.397
0.363
0.240
0.240
0.239
0.261
0.239
2020
0.411
0.411
0.399
0.445
0.399
0.250
0.250
0.243
0.271
0.243
-------
subject to some uncertainty. This should be kept in mind when evaluating the results of
the exposure modeling.
Table 1-6
Annual Average Benzene Exposure for Fuel Control Scenarios
All On-Road Vehicles - Total Population
Area
Atlanta
Cleveland
Eau Claire
Kansas City
Minneapolis
Pittsburgh
Seattle
Scenario
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Benzene Exposure (,ug/m3)
2007
0.413
0.432
0.369
0.324
0.310
0.278
0.831
0.743
0.702
0.286
0.268
0.257
0.736
0.591
0.586
0.268
0.275
0.245
0.733
0.562
0.471
2020
0.309
0.323
0.279
0.209
0.200
0.181
0.684
0.610
0.578
0.238
0.222
0.213
0.620
0.493
0.488
0.184
0.188
0.169
0.540
0.415
0.352
Reviewing the results in Table 1-6 one finds that benzene exposure is generally estimated
to be the highest in Eau Claire and Minneapolis. That is because 1990 CO exposure was
relatively high in Minneapolis (which was also used for Eau Claire), these areas are
predicted not to have I/M programs in the future, and both areas have relatively high
aromatics content in their gasoline (which is a large contributor to exhaust benzene
emissions). On the other hand, Pittsburgh and Cleveland were predicted to have the
lowest benzene exposure for the fuel control scenarios because both areas were assumed
to have an I/M program in place in the future and the 1990 CO exposure assumed for
these areas was relatively low compared to Minneapolis and Eau Claire.
-15-
-------
Exposure Estimates-Heavy-Duty Vehicle Controls - A final set of exposure estimates that
was prepared for this study involved changes to heavy-duty vehicles. Three separate
scenarios were modeled in this case:
• Scenario 7 - more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle emission standards;
• Scenario 8 - more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM emission standards
(equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr); and
• Scenario 9 - more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM emission standards
(equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr).
The above scenarios were run for all urban areas (and geographic areas) modeled in this
study for the 2007 and 2020 calendar years.
The exposure results for Scenario 7 are summarized in Table 1-7, which shows results for
Atlanta and Chicago for benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene. As
seen in the table, Scenario 7 has a very small impact on exposure from motor vehicles.
That is because HDGVs make up a small portion of the overall fleet VMT.
Table 1-7
Annual Average Exposure Results for More Stringent Emission Standards
for Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (Scenario 7)
All On-Road Vehicles - Total Population
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Year
2007
2020
2007
2020
Scenario
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Emission Rate (//g/m3)
Bnz
0.413
0.412
0.309
0.307
0.241
0.240
0.167
0.166
Acet
0.064
0.064
0.063
0.063
0.079
0.079
0.061
0.061
Form
0.175
0.175
0.170
0.169
0.129
0.129
0.113
0.112
1,3 -But
0.042
0.042
0.038
0.038
0.023
0.023
0.019
0.019
A summary of the Diesel PM exposure estimates for Scenarios 8 and 9 is contained in
Table 1-8 for Atlanta and Chicago, along with estimates from Scenario 2. Based on the
simple assumptions that were used in this analysis (e.g., no deterioration in PM
emissions, even though trap technology would likely be required to meet these emission
-16-
-------
levels), significant reductions in exposure are achieved in the 2020 runs for both the
0.01 g/bhp-hr case and the 0.05 g/bhp-hr case. Under the baseline case assumed in
Table 8-14 (i.e., Scenario 2), Diesel PM exposure is estimated to increase between 2007
and 2020. This is a result of VMT growth exceeding reductions in fleet-average
emissions and is more pronounced in Atlanta than in Chicago.
Table 1-8
Annual Average Diesel PM Exposure Results for More Stringent
Heavy-Duty Diesel PM Emission Standards (Scenarios 8 and 9)
All On-Road Vehicles - Total Population
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Sc#2 (Baseline)
Sc#8 (0.01 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#9 (0.05 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#2 (Baseline)
Sc#8 (0.01 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#9 (0.05 g/bhp-hr)
2007 (ug/m3)
0.363
0.340
0.349
0.239
0.224
0.230
2020 (ug/m3)
0.399
0.077
0.224
0.243
0.047
0.136
Nationwide Inventory Estimates
Annual average emissions inventories were also prepared for each county in the U.S. for
the calendar years and scenarios described above. (As noted previously, inventories were
not prepared for Scenarios 4 and 5). The results of that analysis are summarized in
Table 1-9. It is also useful to view these results in terms of trend lines, which is given in
Figure 1-3 for benzene emissions evaluated for Scenarios 0 (baseline), 1, 2, and 6. As
observed in that figure, substantial decreases in emissions occur between 1990 and 2007.
Between 2007 and 2020, more moderate decreases are observed as VMT growth starts to
overtake the fleet-average emission reductions achieved through fleet-turnover.
Table 1-9
-17-
-------
Table 1-9
Annual Toxics Emissions Summary for the Total U.S.
Calendar
Year
1990
1996
2007
2020
Scenario
Base
Base
Base
Sc#l (30 ppm S)
Sc#2(Tier2)
Sc#3 (Inc. Diesel)
Sc#6 (0.055 NMHC)
Sc#7 (HDGV Stds)
Sc#8 (0.01 HDDV PM)
Sc#9 (0.05 HDDV PM)
Base
Sc#l (30 ppm S)
Sc#2(Tier2)
Sc#3 (Inc. Diesel)
Sc#6 (0.055 NMHC)
Sc#7 (HDGV Stds)
Sc#8 (0.01 HDDV PM)
Sc#9 (0.05 HDDV PM)
Annual Emissions (tons per year)
Benzene] Acet.
256,761
165,023
95,101
88,158
86,058
84,332
83,973
85,850
86,058
86,058
85,930
79,160
67,503
58,750
58,020
67,017
67,503
67,503
40,912
27,411
15,366
14,887
14,634
14,758
14,415
14,612
14,634
14,634
15,182
14,701
13,281
13,258
12,325
13,250
13,281
13,281
Form.
138,607
80,262
37,455
36,461
35,881
36,507
35,377
35,815
35,881
35,881
37,181
36,139
33,074
33,977
31,164
32,978
33,074
33,074
Butadiene] MTBE| Diesel PM
36,396
22,206
12,762
11,471
11,291
11,276
10,998
11,282
11,291
11,291
12,718
11,406
10,169
9,467
8,459
10,156
10,169
10,169
54,584
64,611
23,506
25,408
25,280
24,639
25,105
25,064
25,280
25,280
18,032
19,611
18,684
16,050
17,624
17,872
18,684
18,684
202,265
111,530
65,462
65,462
65,180
71,165
65,180
65,180
61,047
62,660
69,693
69,693
67,641
75,510
67,641
67,641
12,983
37,945
-------
Figure 1-3
National Benzene Emission Inventory
50 States + DC
«
in
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
• Baseline
--D--Sc#1 (SOppmS)
- -e - Sc#2 (Tier 2)
- -*- - Sc#6 (0.055 NMHC)
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Calendar Year
-------
2. INTRODUCTION
Background
The 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act added requirements for hazardous air
pollutants (HAPs), or air toxics. For the most part, those requirements are spelled out in
Section 112, which focuses on stationary and area sources. In addition, other sections of
the Act include provisions for air toxics. In particular, Section 202(1) contains two
requirements specific to motor vehicles:
• By May 15, 1992, EPA was to complete a study of the need for, and feasibility
of, controlling emissions of toxic air pollutants associated with motor vehicles
and motor vehicle fuels. That study was to focus on the categories of emissions
that pose the greatest risk to human health (or about which significant
uncertainties remain), including benzene, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene.
• By May 15, 1995, EPA was to promulgate regulations containing reasonable
requirements to control HAPs from motor vehicles and motor vehicle fuels. At
a minimum, those regulations were to apply to benzene and formaldehyde.
The result of the first directive was the "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study,"
(MVRATS) finalized by EPA in April 1993.3 Although emission standards specific to air
toxics were included in the reformulated gasoline rulemaking promulgated in December
1993,4 EPA has yet to adopt HAP emissions regulations for motor vehicles, as required
under the second directive above.
Last year, Sierra and its subcontractors carried out a work assignment (Work Assignment
0-07 of Contract No. 68-C7-0051) to support possible regulatory action required by
Section 202(1) and to estimate cancer risk in the regulatory impact analysis for the
proposed Tier 2 tailpipe emission standards. Since the completion of Work Assignment
0-07 (WA#0-07), EPA has revised a number of assumptions related to modeling
emissions as part of the Tier 2 rulemaking effort. Because of that, there is a need to
update the toxics emissions and exposure estimates previously prepared under WA#0-07.
In addition to updating the previous toxics emissions and exposure estimates, this work
assignment (WA#1-06) involved the preparation of toxics emissions estimates for
additional areas, additional vehicle control scenarios (including heavy-duty vehicles),
additional fuel scenarios, and additional light-duty Diesel vehicle penetration scenarios.
-19-
-------
Revised exposure estimates were prepared on a nationwide basis and for 10 urban areas
(i.e., the nine areas previously analyzed and Atlanta). As in the previous work
assignment, the toxic compounds addressed in WA#1-06 included benzene, 1,3-
butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, MTBE, and Diesel paniculate matter (PM).
Project Scope
Under this work assignment, on-road motor vehicle air toxics emissions, exposure, and
cancer risk were estimated for ten urban areas consisting of Atlanta, Chicago, Denver,
Houston, Minneapolis, New York City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Spokane, and St. Louis.
Emissions modeling was also performed for an additional 16 geographic regions to reflect
the range of potential fuels, temperatures, and I/M programs observed in the U.S. These
estimates were used in conjunction with the urban area analyses to prepare national level
emissions, exposure, and risk estimates Modeling was performed for 1990, 1996, 2007,
and 2020. The forecast years included the following scenarios that were defined in
consultation with EPA:
• Scenario 0 - Baseline fuels and emission rates, assuming the implementation of
a National Low-Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program.
• Scenario 1 - Baseline emission factors with an assumed national gasoline
regulation limiting sulfur levels to 30 ppm.
• Scenario 2 - Scenario 1 with more stringent tailpipe hydrocarbon emission
standards for light-duty cars and trucks (i.e., reflecting Tier 2 emission
standards).
• Scenario 3 - Scenario 2 with an assumed increase in light-duty Diesel vehicle
penetration beginning in model year 2004.
• Scenario 4 - Tier 2 emission standards with a national gasoline regulation
capping benzene content at 1% (modeled as 0.95% in-use).
• Scenario 5 - Tier 2 emission standards with a national gasoline regulation
requiring compliance with a 25% toxics reduction performance standard.
• Scenario 6 - More stringent light-duty vehicle emission standards equivalent to
0.055 g/mi non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) coupled with a national 30 ppm
sulfur cap.
• Scenario 7 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle
emission standards proposed by EPA in October 1999.
• Scenario 8 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr).
-20-
-------
Scenario 9 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr).
The methodology used to determine motor vehicle toxics emission rates, exposure, and
cancer risk consisted of the following steps:
1. On-road motor vehicle toxic pollutant emission factors (in mg/mi) were
generated using a modified version of the MOBILESb emission factors model.
That model, known as MOBTOXSb, has been revised to allow the user more
flexibility to model the impacts of off-cycle operation and fuel sulfur effects. In
addition, that model allows the user to input toxics fractions (by model year and
technology) that are applied to total organic gas (TOG) emission rates
calculated by the model. This step involved the development of TOG base
emission rate equations (BERs) as well as toxics fractions.* The toxic
pollutants evaluated in this study included benzene; formaldehyde;
acetaldehyde; 1,3-butadiene; MTBE; and Diesel particulate (which was
estimated with the PARTS model). Toxic pollutant emission rates were
calculated for each of the urban areas and geographic regions, calendar years
(separate estimates for quarters 1 to 4), and control scenarios included in this
study.
2. On-road motor vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) g/mi emission factors were
developed for each of the urban areas and geographic regions included in the
study using a modified version of the Tier 2 Analysis Tool (T2AT). These
calculations were performed for calendar year 1990 to be consistent with the
CO exposure estimates described in Step 3 below.
3. CO exposure estimates (in |ig/m3) were calculated previously for the ten urban
areas included in this study for calendar year 1990. Using the CO emission
factors developed in Step 2 above, ratios of CO exposure (adjusted to reflect
only the on-road motor vehicle contribution to the inventory in each urban area)
to the CO emission factor for 1990 were developed. These ratios were prepared
for the entire population, children under 18 years of age, and outdoor workers
(the highest exposed demographic group) for quarters 1 to 4.
4. Using the toxic pollutant emission rates and the CO ratios described above,
estimates of toxic exposure were developed for each urban area, calendar year
(by quarter), and control scenario investigated in this study. These estimates
were calculated according to the following formula:
As described in Section 4 of this report, the final methodology developed for this project uses a slightly
different approach for estimating exhaust toxics emission rates. (See the discussion of toxic-TOG curves
in the text.)
-21-
-------
where TOX reflects one of the six toxic pollutants considered in this study.
Because some of the toxic pollutants evaluated in this study (e.g., 1,3-
butadiene) have a different photochemical reactivity than CO, the exposure
concentrations were adjusted to account for atmospheric transformation. In
addition, because the CO ratios are based on the 1990 calendar year, an
adjustment was made to account for the increase in VMT relative to 1990.
These adjustments were developed in consultation with EPA.
5. Using the toxic pollutant exposure concentrations generated in Step 4, a
methodology to estimate cancer risk was developed that applies cancer potency
estimates (i.e., unit risk factors) for each toxic to the exposure estimates.
Because cancer potency estimates were not finalized for inclusion in this work
assignment, the model developed to compile the emissions and exposure data
was structured to allow the user to input alternative potency estimates. Based
on these inputs, the model calculates cancer risk for the entire population, the
highest exposed demographic group (i.e., outdoor workers), and children 0-17
years of age. Total cancer cases for the entire population of each modeled
urban area can be estimated.
6. The toxic emission rates prepared for each urban area and geographic region
were coupled with VMT estimates for each county in the U.S. to generate
national-level annual average emission inventories for each analysis year and
control scenario described above.* This analysis was performed by "mapping"
each county in the U.S. to one of the 26 different modeled areas (10 urban areas
and 16 geographic regions) analyzed in this study on the basis of similarities in
fuels, temperatures, and control programs (i.e., I/M).
7. Using national average estimates of toxics emissions, CO emissions, and CO
exposure, a model was developed to estimate exposure and risk on a nationwide
basis. At the direction of EPA, results are presented for all 50 states (+ D.C.)
and for the 50 states (+ D.C.) excluding Alaska, California, and Hawaii.
In addition to the calculation of toxics emissions, exposure, and risk, two other tasks were
performed in this study. First, the modeled exposure results for 1996 were compared to
available monitoring data for a number of different urban areas. Second, a sensitivity
analysis was performed in which a number of inputs to the emissions modeling protocol
were modified to investigate the impact that those modifications had on the model output.
This project was conducted by Sierra Research and Radian International/Eastern Research
Group (Radian/ERG). Sierra served in an oversight capacity and had primary
responsibility for generating toxics fractions, TOG base emission rate equations, and the
CO emissions estimates. In addition, Sierra was responsible for generating exposure
estimates and developing the model to estimate cancer risk. Radian/ERG was responsible
As explained later in the text, national level estimates for Scenarios 4 and 5 were not generated.
-22-
-------
for constructing MOBTOXSb and PARTS input files, modifying the model to incorporate
the methodologies developed during the course of this project, and performing the model
runs. Radian/ERG also had lead responsibility for the comparison of modeled exposure
estimates to ambient concentrations, while Sierra had primary responsibility for defining
the sensitivity cases and providing modified input to Radian/ERG for the resulting model
runs.
Organization of the Report
This report is bound as two separate volumes. This volume (Volume I) contains a
description of the study, the methodologies used to generate toxic emission rate and
exposure estimates, and a summary of the results. Volume n contains detailed toxic
emission rate and exposure estimates calculated for each of the study areas, years, control
scenarios, seasons, and demographic groups evaluated in this effort.
Immediately following this introduction, Volume I continues with Section 3, which
describes the modifications to the MOBILESb modeling methodology for calculating
TOG and CO emissions to account for a number of planned revisions for MOBILE6.
This includes revised base emission rate equations, inclusion of off-cycle emissions
impacts, revised fuel sulfur and oxygenate effects, and revised fleet characteristics.
Section 4 presents the modeling methodology used to estimate motor vehicle air toxics
emission rates. Section 5 presents a detailed description of the control scenarios modeled
in this study. Section 6 details the specific MOBILE inputs used for the emissions
modeling, while Section 7 summarizes the results of the toxics emissions modeling for
the 10 urban areas evaluated in this effort. Section 8 explains how the emissions data
were combined with 1990 CO exposure data to generate toxics exposure estimates for the
10 urban areas assessed in this study. The results of that modeling are also briefly
discussed in that section. A description of how the national level emission rates and
inventories were developed is contained in Section 9, while Section 10 provides details of
the national-level exposure estimates. Section 11 presents a summary of risk assessment
and describes how the exposure model developed for this study was structured to allow
the user to input alternative unit risk factors to calculate individual cancer risk and
estimated cancer cases. Finally, the comparison of modeled exposure results to
monitoring data is presented in Section 12, and Section 13 contains the results of the
sensitivity analysis. A listing of the references cited in this report is contained in
Section 14.
Volume n of this study consists only of tables that summarize the results of the
evaluation, presented in four primary sections:
• Modeled Urban Area Toxics Emission Estimates;
• Modeled Urban Area Toxics Exposure Estimates;
• National Level Toxics Inventory Estimates; and
-23-
-------
National Level Toxics Exposure Estimates.
###
-24-
-------
3. TOG AND CO MODELING METHODOLOGY
As outlined in the previous section of this report, estimates of total organic gas (TOG)
and carbon monoxide (CO) emission rates are needed for this study. As such, EPA's
MOBILE model served as the basis of those estimates. The latest "official" version of
EPA's on-road motor vehicle emission factors model is MOBILESb, which was based on
the MOBILESa model. Although MOBILESb was released in October 1996, the changes
made to the model were minimal relative to MOBILESa, consisting primarily of
(1) revisions to account for the effect of regulations that had been finalized after the
release of MOBILESa, and (2) revisions to inspection and maintenance (I/M) program
inputs to reflect program designs being pursued by states that were not included in the
MOBILESa model. The most substantive change to CO modeling between MOBILESa
and MOBILESb was a result of including the impacts of the gasoline detergent additive
regulation in the MOBILESb model.
Most of the algorithms included in MOBILESb are based on data and analyses performed
seven years ago. (MOBILES was released in December 1992. That model was updated
and released as MOBILESa in March 1993 to correct errors found in the original release
of the model.) Since that time, a significant amount of data has been collected on in-use
emissions performance, vehicle operational characteristics, and the impact of fuel
parameters on emissions. Over the past two to three years, EPA has been in the process
of updating MOBILESb to reflect the latest knowledge on vehicle emissions. In fact, a
modified version of the model was developed to estimate the emissions impacts of
possible Tier 2 controls at the time the original Tier 2 Study was released in the spring of
1998. As discussed in the documentation prepared for that model,5 which was termed the
Tier 2 Analysis Tool (T2AT), the modified MOBILESb model was developed as a
"surrogate for MOBILE6," addressing four primary areas of development: (1) basic
emission rates, (2) off-cycle effects, (3) fuel effects (primarily sulfur), and (4) fleet
characteristics.*
Many of the model inputs used in the April 1998 Tier 2 analysis were incorporated into
the analysis of air toxics performed last year under WA#0-07. Since that time, EPA has
continued to refine its estimates of base emission rates, off-cycle effects, and sulfur
EPA has also developed a toxics version of T2AT, termed T2ATTOX. The T2ATTOX model was the
starting point for the model developed for this study. However, significant modifications were made to that
model to incorporate the algorithms developed in this study. The resulting model will be called
MOBTOXSb throughout this report to distinguish it from those developed by EPA.
-25-
-------
impacts. The input parameters used in the current study (WA#1-06) incorporate available
elements used to model VOC emissions in the Tier 2 final rule.
To summarize, the following elements were incorporated into the toxics modeling
performed for this effort:
• Base Emission Rates - The base emission rates (BERs) used in this study were
updated by EPA based on more recent test data. The revised BERs reflect
much lower deterioration rates than the current factors in MOBILESb. This
shift was directed at early-1980 model year vehicles and later. Thus, the net
impact of this change is to lower fleet average in-use emission rates for future
calendar years (i.e., the impact of fleet turnover is greater than that predicted by
MOBILESb).
Off-Cycle Effects - Concern about inconsistencies between ambient
measurements and inventory estimates led to a closer evaluation of the basis of
emission factor estimates in the late 1980s. As a result, the 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendments directed EPA to assess the magnitude of "off-cycle" emissions
and to develop regulations for their control. During the early 1990s, a
significant effort to better define in-use vehicle operation was undertaken by
EPA and CARB. The result of that effort was the development of driving
cycles more representative of true vehicle operation (i.e., higher speed and
acceleration). In addition, Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP)
regulations were adopted that will control off-cycle emissions starting with the
2000 model year (2001 for NLEVs). The net result of adding off-cycle
emissions impacts is to increase emissions for pre-SFTP vehicles, which are
then decreased in future years as SFTP controls are implemented and the fleet
turns over.
• Revised Fuel Effects - The impact of both gasoline sulfur and oxygen levels
will be revised in MOBILE6. The impact of gasoline sulfur levels was
accounted for in the modeling performed for the Tier 2 rulemaking and has also
been included in the toxics estimates prepared for this study. For oxygenated
fuels, draft correction factors have been proposed by EPA that indicate the
oxygenated fuel CO benefits for late-model vehicles are much lower than those
predicted by MOBILESb. These revised factors were incorporated into the CO
estimates prepared for this study.
• Revised Fleet Characteristics - Because of the high sales fraction of light-duty
trucks relative to passenger cars in the last several years, estimates of the car
versus truck VMT split are being revised for MOBILE6. Current indications
are that there will be a large shift to light trucks with MOBILE6, with the trend
continuing beyond 2010. Because of the higher per-mile emission rates of light
trucks relative to passenger cars, this shift will result in an increase in fleet-
average emissions in the future. In addition to the car/truck VMT fractions,
vehicle age distributions are being revised for MOBILE6 that will likely result
in an older vehicle fleet than currently predicted by MOBILESb. However, in
-26-
-------
the short-term, continued use of local data is preferable. These modifications
were also incorporated into the emissions estimates prepared for this study.
Described below are the specific changes made to the MOBILE inputs to incorporate the
revisions outlined above. Note that the starting point for the modeling conducted in this
analysis was a toxics version of T2AT developed by EPA called T2ATTOX. That model
was provided to us by EPA and contained modifications to allow the estimation of motor
vehicle air toxics emission rates. That model was ultimately revised by the study team to
streamline calculations and modify several specific aspects of the methodology, and the
resulting model is called MOBTOXSb to distinguish it from the models developed by
EPA.
TOG Emissions
The first step in estimating toxic emission rates from on-road motor vehicles was to make
revisions to the MOBILESb TOG inputs and calculation methodology to better reflect the
anticipated structure of MOBILE6. Properly characterizing TOG emissions is important
because both exhaust and evaporative TOG emission rates serve as the basis of the toxics
emissions estimates, i.e., toxic emissions are generally estimated by assuming a certain
fraction of TOG consists of the compound of interest. For example, benzene typically
comprises 3% to 4% of light-duty gasoline vehicle exhaust TOG emissions. Thus, a
vehicle with a TOG emission rate of 1.0 gram per mile (g/mi) would be expected to emit
between 0.03 and 0.04 g/mi benzene.*
As outlined above, EPA is currently in the process of revising the MOBILE model to
better reflect current knowledge and data on in-use emissions. Although none of the
revisions planned for MOBILE6 have been finalized, it is possible to make educated
assumptions regarding the nature of those revisions. This was done during the
development of the emissions estimates prepared for the Tier 2 rulemaking, and EPA
continues to refine its estimates of in-use emissions. For this study, EPA provided inputs
or revisions to the following model parameters related to TOG emissions estimates:
• Base emission rate equations;
Off-cycle corrections;
• Fuel sulfur impacts; and
• Fleet characteristics (e.g., registration distributions).
This value could actually be more or less, depending on the benzene and aromatic content of the gasoline.
-27-
-------
A review of these parameters and the approach used to incorporate them into the model is
discussed below.
Base Emission Rate Equations - EPA provided the base emission rates to be used in this
study in terms of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), which were subsequently
converted to a TOG basis for input to the MOBILE model. Because toxics emissions
were estimated out to 2020 in this effort, future-year emission rates were an important
element of the analysis. For this evaluation, it was assumed that a national low-emission
vehicle (NLEV) program would be implemented beginning in model year 1999 for areas
in the Ozone Transport Region (OTR) and in model year 2001 for non-OTR regions.
Four sets of baseline BERs were provided by EPA, representing various levels of control:
• Non-I/M, Non-OTR NLEV implementation schedule;
• I/M, Non-OTR NLEV implementation schedule;
• Non-I/M, OTR NLEV implementation schedule; and
• I/M, OTR NLEV implementation schedule.
In addition to the above, a separate set of BERs was provided to reflect Tier 2 emission
standards as well as a number of other control scenarios that are defined later in this
report.
A summary of the revised NMHC BERs for light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs), light-
duty gasoline trucks under 6,000 Ibs. gross vehicle weight rating (LDGTls), and light-
duty gasoline trucks over 6,000 Ibs. gross vehicle weight rating (LDGT2s) is contained in
Table 3-1. The BERs in that table reflect the I/M, Non-OTR emission rates. In addition,
these BERs reflect vehicles certified to the proposed Tier 2 standards.
Several items are worth noting with respect to the revised BERs contained in Table 3-1.
First, only 1981 and later BERs are included. That is because the earlier model year
BERs did not change relative to MOBILESb. Second, significant reductions in the base
emission rate equations are observed in 2001 for the LDGV and LDGT1 categories as a
result of the NLEV program, and then again in 2004 (for the LDGT1 and LDGT2
categories) as a result of potential Tier 2 controls. Also of note is that although the
LDGT2 category is not part of the NLEV program, it is subject to the proposed Tier 2
regulations. This becomes important in the future as more trucks are certified in the
heavier weight classes. Finally, the NMHC emission rate for LDGVs under the proposed
Tier 2 regulations is unchanged from the NLEV case. Consistent with the approach that
EPA will use in MOBILE6, the BERs have two deterioration rates (DR1 and DR2) for
some model years. The use of a second deterioration rate depends on the data and
assumptions that were used to develop the model year specific emission rates.
To put the revised BERs in perspective, the LDGV emission rates have been plotted
against the MOBILESb base emission rates in Figure 3-1. The two top lines in that figure
represent non-I/M hydrocarbon emissions for Tier 0 and Tier 1 vehicles modeled by
MOBILESb. The three bottom lines in the figure reflect the revised BERs used in this
-28-
-------
analysis.* As seen in the figure, the revised BERs are significantly lower than the
MOBILESb estimates, even for vehicle certified to the same emission standards.
Note that the MOBILESb rates are reported in terms of total HC (which included methane), while the
revised rates are in terms of NMHC. Correcting the MOBILESb results to an NMHC basis would lower
those rates, but only slightly.
-29-
-------
Table 3-1
Revised FTP-Based NMHC BERs Used in Emissions Analysis
I/M, Non-OTR NLEV Implementation - Tier 2 Beginning in MY2004
Vehicle
Class
LDGV
LDGT1
LDGT2
Model
Year
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996-2000
2001+
1981-82
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992-93
1994
1995
1996-2000
2001-2003
2004+
1981-82
1982
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993-95
1996
1997-2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009+
ZM
(g/mi)
0.360
0.356
0.256
0.265
0.274
0.283
0.289
0.189
0.193
0.190
0.189
0.192
0.191
0.168
0.145
0.133
0.055
1.198
1.196
0.406
0.399
0.381
0.365
0.273
0.269
0.263
0.255
0.262
0.221
0.181
0.161
0.062
0.055
1.198
1.198
0.406
0.399
0.381
0.365
0.273
0.269
0.263
0.255
0.262
0.262
0.221
0.181
0.085
0.089
0.083
0.077
0.066
0.055
DR1
(g/mi/lOK)
0.093
0.092
0.049
0.047
0.044
0.037
0.036
0.030
0.031
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.027
0.024
0.022
0.012
0.073
0.073
0.050
0.050
0.052
0.054
0.040
0.038
0.037
0.039
0.035
0.031
0.028
0.026
0.013
0.012
0.073
0.073
0.050
0.050
0.052
0.054
0.040
0.038
0.037
0.039
0.035
0.035
0.032
0.029
0.016
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.012
DR2
(g/mi/lOK)
0.004
0.005
0.021
0.013
0.023
0.015
0.014
0.024
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
Flex Point
(10,000 mi)
14.632
14.632
9.052
14.636
11.839
17.195
16.611
13.926
13.046
12.593
13.593
14.450
16.333
17.989
Comments
Tier 2=NLEV
for 2004+ MY
NLEV Stds
in 2001
Tier 2 Stds
No NLEV for
LDGT2
Tier 2 Stds
Phased-in
Beginning with
2004 MY
-------
Figure 3-1
In addition to making revisions to the light-duty vehicle NMHC emission rates, BERs for
heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (HDGVs) and heavy-duty Diesel vehicles (HDDVs) were
also revised. Again, the modified rates were provided by EPA, and the baseline BERs are
summarized in Table 3-2. (See Section 6 for a discussion of the HDGV control case.)
A final adjustment that was made to the BER equations before formatting them for use in
the MOBTOXSb model was to adjust the NMHC values to a TOG basis. (For the
calculation of air toxics, the MOBTOXSb model requires alternative BERs to be input in
terms of TOG.) These adjustments were provided by EPA and are a function of vehicle
class and technology. For example, the following TOG/NMHC correction factors were
used for light-duty gasoline cars and trucks:
Non-catalyst - 1.0988
Oxi dati on catalyst - 1.1725
Three-way catalyst - 1.1687
Three-way + oxidation catalyst - 1.3829
-31-
-------
Figure 3-1
Comparison of MOBILESb and Revised HC Base Emission Rates
Used in the Analysis of Motor Vehicle Air Toxics
(LDGV - Conventional Fuel - No Off-Cycle - No I/M)
M5b-1992
M5b-Tier1
Tier 0(1992)
TieM
NLEV/Tier2
6 8 10
Odometer (10,000 mi)
12
14
16
-------
Table 3-2
Revised Baseline NMHC BERs for HDGV and HDDV Vehicle Classes
Vehicle Class
HDGV
(2004+ MY
Include I/M
Effects)
HDDV
Model Year
1981-1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988-1989
1990
1991-1997
1998-2003
2004-2006
2007+
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996+
ZM fe/bhp-hr)
3.427
3.436
2.477
2.196
0.985
0.849
0.546
0.528
0.533
0.156
0.117
0.778
0.784
0.661
0.577
0.578
0.559
0.321
0.318
0.316
DR (g/bhp-hr/1 0,000 mi)
0.161
0.161
0.051
0.051
0.092
0.026
0.026
0.024
0.024
0.010
0.007
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
These factors were used to generate model-year-specific TOG/NMHC ratios by weighting
each model year by the fraction of each technology in the fleet. Those calculations were
performed by EPA and the results were submitted to Sierra in spreadsheet form. A
summary of the TOG/NMHC ratios used in this study, by model year and vehicle class, is
contained in Appendix A. In addition, the resulting BERs, in the format used by the
MOBTOXSb model, are also summarized in Appendix A.
Note that the emission factors provided by EPA were based on low-altitude regions.
Because Denver was one of the urban areas modeled in this study, an adjustment for high-
altitude operation had to be made. This was accomplished by determining the ratio of
(BERKgh.Alt/BERLow.Alt)MOBILE5b and applying that ratio to the revised low-altitude base
emission rates. Note that this adjustment was applied only to the zero-mile level, since
the low-altitude and high-altitude deterioration rates in MOBILESb are the same. The
same correction was applied to other high-altitude areas as well.
-32-
-------
Although there were no California cities included in the urban areas selected for
evaluation, Northern California and Southern California were areas evaluated for the
regional analysis that fed into the national toxics emissions and exposure estimates.
Thus, California-specific emission factors had to be developed for this effort. This was
accomplished by simply applying a ratio of emission standards (i.e., CA Stds/U.S. Stds)
to the zero-mile component of the applicable base emission rate equations. The resulting
BER files used in the MOBTOXSb model are also contained in Appendix A.
Off-Cycle Effects - In the analysis prepared by EPA for the Tier 2 rulemaking, off-cycle
effects were incorporated into the base emission rate equations within a spreadsheet
model developed for that evaluation.* Because thousands of model runs were required for
the toxics analyses performed in this study, it was not practical to use a spreadsheet
model. In addition, because the toxics fractions developed in this effort (as described in
the next section of this report) are based on FTP emission rates (i.e., without off-cycle
effects included), it was necessary to estimate off-cycle impacts separately from the FTP-
based emission rates. The approach used to perform this analysis is described below.
Using the spreadsheet model developed for the Tier 2 rulemaking, EPA extracted base
emission rate equations that included off-cycle effects and base emission rate equations
that did not include off-cycle effects. These results, which were reported by model year,
were provided to the study team. Based on these equations, it was possible to generate an
off-cycle offset for each model year that was a function of vehicle mileage. (Recall that
the base emission rate equations are a function of mileage; see Table 3-1.) For example,
Figure 3-2 illustrates the off-cycle offset for LDGVs as a function of vehicle mileage for a
number of model years. These estimates were then fit with a second-order polynomial
function for use in the MOBTOXSb model.
Several points can be made with respect to the off-cycle impacts shown in Figure 3-2:
• The off-cycle impact is very small for 2004 and later model year vehicles. That
is the result of full implementation of the SFTP regulations.
• The off-cycle impact for the 1986 model year decreases with vehicle mileage.
That is because there are more high-emitters in the fleet at higher mileage, and
EPA has assumed that high-emitters have less of an off-cycle impact for this
model year group. In fact, for some non-I/M cases (which have a larger fraction
of high-emitters at high mileage), the off-cycle offset is negative at high
mileage.
• Similar off-cycle impacts are observed for 1992 (Tier 0) and 1996 (Tier 1)
models.
Note that EPA's most recent analysis of off-cycle impacts indicates that air conditioning has a negligible
effect on HC emissions. Thus, the off-cycle effects modeled in the Tier 2 study included only an
aggressive driving component for exhaust HC.
-33-
-------
Figure 3-2
The above methodology was used to generate off-cycle inputs for 1981 and newer model
year LDGVs, LDGTls, and LDGT2s. For pre-1981 model year vehicles, EPA provided a
constant offset that was used in this work. That offset amounted to 0.045 g/mi NMHC
for LDGVs and 0.146 g/mi NMHC for the LDGT1 and LDGT2 classes.
The results of the above analysis (i.e., the coefficients from the polynomial equation)
were converted to a TOG basis and formatted into a series of input files that were
ultimately read by the MOBTOXSb model. Separate files were prepared for I/M versus
non-I/M areas and for OTR vs non-OTR areas. The files prepared for this analysis are
contained in Appendix A.
Fuel Sulfur Impacts - As part of the analysis of emissions impacts prepared to support the
Tier 2 NPRM, EPA developed revised estimates of the impacts of gasoline sulfur levels
on exhaust emission rates. These estimates were provided to the study team for use in the
evaluation of motor vehicle air toxics. The equations relating sulfur level to emissions
impacts were developed by EPA such that a correction factor is calculated for a given
baseline fuel sulfur level (generally assumed to be 330 ppm) and a target fuel sulfur level.
Two forms of equations were developed by EPA, depending on vehicle class and standard
stringency: log-log and log-linear. The equations used for this analysis are summarized
in Table 3-3, and examples of how each form of the equation is used are given below.
-34-
-------
Figure 3-2
0.09
NMHC Off-Cycle Offset as a Function of Mileage
LDGVs - With I/M
y = -4E-06x" + 0.0009X + 0.0596
»1986 MY
A 1992 MY
• 1996 MY
o 2004 MY
y = -3E-07x' - 0.0023X + 0.0772
10 15 20
Vehicle Odometer (10,000 mi)
-------
Insert Table 3-3
Log-Log - Consider the equation developed for normal-emitting vehicles certified
to Tier 2 emission standards. As noted in Table 3-3, the equational form is log-log
and the coefficient is 0.13992. To generate the sulfur correction factor in going
from a 330 ppm S baseline fuel to a 30 ppm S target fuel, the following calculation
is performed:
Scor = exp(0.13992*ln(30))/exp(0.13992*ln(330)) = 0.715
where In represents the natural logarithm of the argument. Thus, a 28.5% reduction
in exhaust HC emissions is predicted for normal-emitting Tier 2 vehicles when
sulfur level is reduced from 330 ppm to 30 ppm.
Log-Linear - The other form of the sulfur equations developed by EPA is termed
log-linear. Taking Tier 1 light-duty vehicles as an example, the coefficient reported
by EPA is 0.0007223, and the correction factor in going from 330 ppm S to 30 ppm
S is calculated as follows:
Scor = exp(0.0007223*30)/exp(0.0007223*330) = 0.805
Thus, a 19.5% reduction in exhaust HC is predicted for normal-emitting Tier 1
vehicles when gasoline sulfur level is reduced from 330 ppm to 30 ppm.
Note that fuel sulfur has a smaller impact on less advanced technology and on higher
emitting vehicles, and separate equations have been developed for normal emitters and
high emitters. Note also that these corrections were not applied directly to the base
emission rate equations in this study. Instead, the sulfur impact was included in the
-35-
-------
Table 3-3
Sulfur Equations Provided by EPA
Vehicle Class
Tier 2
LDV/T1 LEV
LDT2 LEV
LDT3 LEV
LDT4 LEV
LDV/T1 Tier 1
LDT2 Tier 1
LDT3 Tier 1
LDT4 Tier 1
Tier 0- All
All Highs
Emitter
Category
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
High
Equation
Form
Log-Log
Log-Log
Log-Log
Log-Log
Log-Log
Log-Linear
Log-Linear
Log-Linear
Log-Linear
Log-Log
Log-Linear
Coeffients
0.13992
0.13992
0.08956
0.08956
0.08956
0.0007223
0.0007223
0.0007223
0.0007223
0.05502
0.00003727
Base
Sulfur
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
Target
Sulfur
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Correction
Factor
0.715
0.715
0.807
0.807
0.807
0.805
0.805
0.805
0.805
0.876
0.989
-------
development of the "toxic-TOG" curves that are described in the next section of this
report.
Fleet Characteristics - Two primary revisions to the modeling conducted in this study
were made to account for more recent information on the fleet make-up. These included
modifications to the registration distributions (i.e., the fraction of vehicles making up the
fleet by vehicle age) and modifications to the VMT mix used to compile vehicle-class-
specific emission rates into an overall fleet average. The registration distributions were
modified to reflect the fact that vehicles are remaining in the fleet for a longer period of
time. This effect was incorporated into the 2007 and 2020 model runs. (The locality-
specific registration fractions were used in the 1990 and 1996 calendar year analyses.)
The VMT mix was revised to account for the large increase in light-duty truck sales (e.g.,
minivans and sport-utility vehicles) over the last several years. Revised registration and
VMT mix inputs were provided by EPA and are consistent with the values used in the
Tier 2 analysis. (More detail on the specific values used in this study is given in a later
section of the report.)
CO Emissions
As outlined above, the TOG emissions estimates formed the basis of the toxics emissions
estimates prepared for this study. As such, TOG emissions were calculated for the four
calendar years evaluated in this work (i.e., 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020). On the other
hand, the CO emissions estimates were needed only for the 1990 calendar year. That is
because they were used only to calculate the [COExposure(lJg/m3) /COEF(^mi)]1990 ratios. Those
ratios were then combined with the toxics estimates to generate toxic exposure estimates
for each scenario.
As with the TOG emissions estimates, a number of changes related to CO were made to
the MOBILESb model to implement revisions planned for MOBILE6.* These include the
following:
• Revised base emission rate equations;
• Application of off-cycle correction factors; and
• Revised oxygenated fuels effects.
A discussion of how these revisions were implemented for this study is included below.
Base Emission Rate Equations - The base emission rate equations supplied for this
element of the study were also developed by EPA. Revised emission factors were
provided for 1981 through 1990 model year LDGVs, and for 1984 through 1990 model
year LDGTls and LDGT2s. (Although the file containing the BERs included pre-1981
model year vehicles, those BERs are the same as the existing MOBILESb factors.) A
As described below, EPA's T2ATTOX model was used as the starting point for the CO modeling
performed for this study because it has more flexibility than the MOBILESb model.
-36-
-------
review of the BERs indicates that the revised factors include lower deterioration rates
than the baseline MOBILESb factors, similar to the TOG factors. A summary of the
revised BERs is provided in Table 3-4, and the BER inputs used in the modeling are
contained in Appendix B.
Table 3-4
Revised FTP-Based CO BERs Used in Emissions Analysis
Vehicle
Class
LDGV
LDGT1
LDGT2
Model
Year
1981-82
1983-85
1986-89
1990
1984-89
1990
1984-89
1990
ZM
fe/mi)
4.301
2.813
2.795
2.188
6.045
5.382
6.045
5.382
DR1
(g/mi/lOK)
2.441
0.191
0.696
0.076
0.496
0.245
0.496
0.245
DR2
(g/mi/lOK)
3.037
1.650
na
0.556
1.094
0.717
1.094
0.717
Flex Point
(10,000 mi)
1.50
2.16
na
1.85
5.34
5.37
5.34
5.37
Because revised factors were supplied only for low-altitude areas, a correction for high
altitude was needed for the Denver runs. This was accomplished by determining the ratio
of (BERKgh.Alt/BERLow.Alt)Mobile5b and applying that ratio to the revised low-altitude base
emission rates. Note that this adjustment was applied only to the zero-mile level, since
the low-altitude and high-altitude deterioration rates in MOBILESb are the same.
The BERs contained in Table 3-4 were used in conjunction with the T2ATTOX model to
generate CO emissions estimates for this study. That model was used because it is
capable of accepting more detailed sets of alternative BERs than the MOBILESb model
(e.g., variable flex points). Although T2AT could have been used for this purpose, the
non-toxics portion of the T2ATTOX code is no different when that model is used to
generate HC, CO, and NOx emissions estimates, and it was used in this case because the
code was immediately available for the off-cycle and oxygenated fuels revisions
described below.
Off-Cycle Corrections - CO off-cycle correction factors were also provided by EPA for
use in this analysis. However, those corrections were provided in a different format than
the TOG factors described above. Instead of being reported as an offset, the CO off-cycle
corrections were provided as multiplicative adjustments. A summary of the CO off-cycle
factors used in this analysis is contained in Table 3-5 for LDGVs, and the complete set of
factors is contained in Appendix B.
Of note in Table 3-5 is that the off-cycle correction factors are much larger for CO than
for TOG, and a correction for A/C is included as well as an aggressive driving correction.
-37-
-------
When modeling the impacts of aggressive driving CO effects, there is concern that at low
temperature (which causes greatly elevated CO emissions) a multiplicative adjustment
may overstate the magnitude of the off-cycle increase. Thus, for this study, the aggressive
driving element of off-cycle effects was incorporated by first determining a CO offset at
75 °F, adjusting that estimate for fuels effects (i.e., in-use fuel and oxygenates), and then
adding it to the temperature-corrected CO value estimated by the
-38-
-------
Table 3-5
LDGV CO Off-Cycle Correction Factors
Model
Year
1965-66
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981 -91
Non-I/M Factors
AggDrv
1.328
1.324
1.370
1.365
1.375
1.371
1.432
1.426
1.419
1.574
1.568
1.560
1.552
1.543
1.861
1.611
A/C
1.217
1.215
1.237
1.235
1.240
1.238
1.265
1.263
1.260
1.321
1.319
1.316
1.313
1.310
1.407
1.326
I/M Factors
AggDrv
1.328
1.324
1.370
1.365
1.375
1.371
1.432
1.426
1.419
1.574
1.568
1.560
1.552
1.543
1.861
1.630
A/C
1.217
1.215
1.237
1.235
1.240
1.238
1.265
1.263
1.260
1.321
1.319
1.316
1.313
1.310
1.407
1.340
model. A similar approach was taken to incorporate the A/C effect, but this was only
done when the ambient temperature was over 69 °F as described below. These
adjustments were performed within the "BEF" subroutine in T2ATTOX.
The aggressive driving component was calculated for all model runs, while the A/C
adjustment was applied only during periods of higher temperature (i.e., above 69 °F).
Further, between 69° and 85 °F, the A/C adjustment was interpolated between 1.0 and the
factor shown in Table 3-5. The 85°F point was chosen because it represents the
temperature corresponding to a 52% compressor-on fraction,6 which was the basis of the
estimates given in Table 3-5. The factors were linearly scaled between 85° and 108°F,
with the upper end of that range representing a 100% compressor-on fraction. Finally, the
model-year-specific factors given in that table were adjusted for the fraction of vehicles
assumed to be equipped with functioning air conditioning systems. These estimates were
based on data contained in EPA's draft air conditioning activity effects recommended for
MOBILE64 and are summarized in Appendix B.
Oxygenated Fuels Effects - The impacts of oxygenated fuels on CO emissions modeled in
this effort were based on estimates prepared by Sierra under contract to API.7 Sierra
worked closely with EPA staff during the development of those estimates, and, in fact,
EPA has recommended that the results of that study be used in the MOBILE6 model8 to
-39-
-------
estimate the emissions impacts of oxygenated fuels on pre-1994 model year vehicles.
Because the current analysis is aimed at the 1990 calendar year, estimates for Tier 1 and
more advanced technologies were not needed. In addition, because the analysis
referenced above only considered 1981 and later model year vehicles, the CO oxygenated
fuel effects were revised in this analysis only for 1981 to 1990 model year vehicles;
existing MOBILES oxygenated fuels impacts were retained for pre-1981 model year
vehicles as well as for heavy-duty gasoline vehicles.
The oxygenated fuels impacts used in this analysis are summarized in Table 3-6. As
observed in that table, the fuel oxygen impact is a function of emitter category and
technology, i.e., vehicles equipped with adaptive learning (ADL) computer logic are less
sensitive to oxygen in the fuel than are older-technology vehicles. However, one
shortcoming of this approach is that the fraction of the fleet equipped with ADL systems
has not been estimated by model year. For this analysis, we needed only the fraction of
vehicles equipped with ADL systems for 1986 and later model years (pre-1986 model
year vehicles were analyzed separately, without regards to ADL capability).
Table 3-6
Recommended CO Effects From the Use of Oxygenated Fuels
for Matched RVP Blends at 75 °F
Emitter
Category
Normal
High
Technology
1988+TWC/ADL
1986-87 TWC/ADL
1986+ TWC/No ADL
1981-85TWC/CL
OX/OLb
Non-Catalystb
1981+TWC/CL
OX/OLb
Non-Catalystb
CO Impact Per
Wt% Oxygen
-3.1%(n=133)a
-4.8% (n=104)
-5.7%(n=151)
-4.0% (n=73)
-9.4%
-6.6%
-5.3%(n=134)a
-9.4%
-6.6%
Typical
MTBE Blend
(2.7 wt% O)
-8.4%
-13.0%
-15.4%
-10.8%
-25.4%
-17.8%
-14.3%
-25.4%
-17.8%
Typical
Ethanol Blend
(3.5wt%O)
-10.9%
-16.8%
-20.0%
-14.0%
-32.9%
-23.1%
-18.6%
-32.9%
-23.1%
a Sample size shown in parentheses.
Open-loop and non-catalyst factors are based on an EPA analysis used to support oxygenated fuel impacts in
MOBILE4.1 and MOBILES.9
Based roughly on the fraction of vehicles in the EPA emission factors database that were
also included in the Complex model database (which, by design, had to be equipped with
ADL), the following phase-in of ADL systems was assumed for this analysis:
-40-
-------
1986 to 1987
1988 to 1989
1990 to 1991
50% equipped with ADL;
75% equipped with ADL; and
90% equipped with ADL.
Using the ADL technology weightings above (as well as the catalyst type technology
weightings used elsewhere in this analysis), oxygenated fuel factors for normal and high
emitting vehicles were generated for 1981 to 1991 model years, and the results are shown
in Table 3-7 for LDGVs. Based on discussions with EPA, the light-duty truck categories
were assumed to lag passenger cars in terms of ADL technology implementation by five
years. Thus, the 1986+ TWC/No ADL factors from Table 3-6 were used to represent all
1986 to 1990 model year trucks. The final factors used in this analysis are summarized in
Appendix B.
Table 3-7
Model-Year Specific CO Benefits from Oxygenated Fuel for LDGVs
(Reductions are in Terms of % per wt% Oxygen)
Model
Year
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Normals
% Reduction
5.5
5.8
5.3
4.3
4.4
5.4
5.3
3.8
3.8
3.4
3.4
g/mi
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.8
Highs
% Reduction
6.5
6.6
6.3
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
g/mi
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
Because different oxygenated fuels impacts are applied to normal-emitting vehicles and
to high-emitting vehicles, a method to estimate the fraction of normals and highs in the
fleet (as a function of vehicle or mileage) was needed. This was accomplished by first
determining the average CO emission level of the normal- and high-emitting vehicles
used to generate the CO impacts listed in Table 3-6. These averages were used to
compute the mean normal and high emission rate in the model-year-specific factors
shown in Table 3-7.
From Table 3-7, the mean CO from a 1988 normal-emitting LDGV is 3.0 g/mi and the
mean CO from a high-emitting vehicle is 20.5 g/mi. If the mean CO emission rate of a
-41-
-------
1988 LDGV in calendar year 1990 is 7.0 g/mi, then the fraction of normal emitters in the
fleet at that point (N) can be determined as follows:
7.0 g/mi = 3.0*N + 20.5*(1-N)
Solving the above equation for N results in 77.1% of the fleet being normal emitters and
22.9% of the fleet being high emitters. The impact of oxygenated fuel (assuming 3.5%
oxygen by weight) can then be estimated as follows (taking values from Table 3-7 for the
1988 model year):
Non-oxygen CO = 3.0*0.771 + 20.5*0.229 = 7.01 g/mi
Oxygen CO = 3.0*0.771*(1-0.038*3.5) + 20.5*0.229*(1-0.053*3.5) = 5.83 g/mi
Thus, an overall oxygenated fuel benefit of 16.8% (i.e., 1 - 5.83/7.01) is estimated for this
case. This same general approach was used to determine the oxygenated fuel impacts for
all 1981 and later model year cars and light trucks. This methodology was incorporated
into the T2ATTOX model by making revisions to the "FUEL" subroutine.
###
-42-
-------
4. TOXICS EMISSIONS MODELING METHODOLOGY
Once the revisions to the methodology and inputs needed to estimate TOG emissions
were finalized, it was necessary to develop an approach to generate air toxics estimates.
As described below, the approach utilized for exhaust emissions makes use of "toxic-
TOG" curves in which the FTP-based g/mi TOG emission rates are used to extract the
corresponding mg/mi toxic emission rates. In this way, the differences in toxics fractions
between normal- and high-emitting vehicles were accounted for in the calculations. For
evaporative emissions, a simpler method was used in which the mass fraction of each
toxic (as a fraction of TOG emissions) was applied to the evaporative emissions estimates
calculated by the standard MOBILESb routine contained within the MOBTOXSb model.
Finally, Diesel PM emissions were estimated directly from EPA's PARTS model, with
changes where appropriate to account for revised emission rates. Each of these elements
of the toxics modeling performed for this study is presented in this section of the report.
Exhaust Emissions
Previous EPA Estimates - During the development of the 1993 Motor Vehicle Related
Air Toxics Study, EPA spent considerable effort developing estimates of on-road motor
vehicle air toxics. At that time, the number of motor vehicle test programs that measured
air toxics was limited, and because most of the available data were from low-mileage,
well-maintained vehicles, EPA found it difficult to develop a direct gram per mile (or
milligram per mile) toxic emission rate reflective of the in-use fleet. Instead, available
emissions data were used to estimate air toxics emissions as a fraction of the total organic
gases (TOG) emitted from the test vehicles. Those estimates were then applied to output
from an emission factor model (MOBILE4.1 in the case of the EPA MVRATS) to
estimate air toxics from the in-use fleet.
In developing emission estimates for motor vehicle air toxics, EPA found that the toxics
fractions were a function of a vehicle's emission control system design and fuel type (i.e.,
gasoline versus Diesel). Thus, toxics fractions were developed separately for each of the
following technologies:
Three-way catalyst (TW CAT),
• Three-way plus oxidation catalyst (TW+OX CAT),
• Oxidation catalyst (OX CAT),
• No catalyst (NO CAT),
• Light-duty Diesel vehicle (LD Diesel), and
-43-
-------
• Heavy-duty Diesel vehicle (HD Diesel).
A summary of the toxics fractions for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and
acetaldehyde from the 1993 MVRATS is contained in Table 4-1. Several items are worth
noting with respect to this table. First, although the benzene fractions are reported as
single values, EPA developed equations for the gasoline technologies that estimated the
benzene fraction as a function of fuel benzene content and fuel aromatic content (i.e., as
fuel benzene and aromatic content go up, so does the benzene fraction in the exhaust).*
The benzene fractions shown in Table 4-1 are based on the fuel parameters specified in
the Clean Air Act for baseline gasoline (i.e., RF-A in the Auto/Oil Air Quality
Improvement Research Program). Second, although the 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde,
and acetaldehyde fractions are shown as single values, EPA found those to vary as a
function of whether the gasoline contained oxygenate. (The values in the table assume no
oxygenate.) For example, a fuel containing MTBE would result in higher formaldehyde
fractions than shown in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1
Exhaust Toxics Fractions as a % of TOG Emissions
Used by EPA in the 1993 Motor Vehicle Related Air Toxics Study
Technology
TWCAT
TW+OX CAT
OX CAT
NO CAT
LD Diesel
HD Diesel
Benzene3
5.27
2.87
4.05
4.05
2.29
1.06
1,3 -Butadiene
0.57
0.44
0.44
0.98
1.03
1.58
Formaldehyde
0.87
1.37
1.39
2.69
3.91
2.80
Acetaldehyde
0.47
0.45
0.44
0.62
1.25
0.75
The benzene fractions for gasoline-fueled vehicles are based on 1990 industry-average gasoline, which
contained an average of 1.53 vol% benzene, 32 vol% aromatics, and no oxygenates.
Also of interest in Table 4-1 is the fact that benzene and 1,3-butadiene fractions are
higher for more advanced emission control technology (i.e., the TW CAT technology).
However, the lower overall TOG mass from those vehicles more than compensated for
Note that oxygenate was determined not to have a significant direct impact on the percentage of benzene
in exhaust, and it is not a parameter in the equations developed by EPA. However, to the extent that the
addition of oxygenate reduces the concentration of benzene and aromatics through dilution effects, it
impacts the percentage of benzene in exhaust hydrocarbons.
-44-
-------
the increased toxics fractions, and a net reduction in toxics emissions resulted from newer
technology vehicles in EPA's analysis.
Complex Model for Reformulated Gasoline - Following the release of the 1993
MVRATS, EPA finalized the reformulated gasoline (RFG) regulations. As part of those
regulations, the Complex model10 was developed that allows refiners to assess whether
particular fuel formulations meet the RFG performance standards (i.e., percent reductions
of VOC, NOx, and toxics). That model calculates the emissions impacts of alternative
gasoline formulations relative to the baseline 1990 industry average fuel defined in the
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The fuel parameters included in the calculations are
listed below.
• Oxygenate content (wt %) and type (i.e., MTBE, ethanol, ETBE, or TAME)
Sulfur content (ppm)
• RVP (psi)
• E200 (%)
• E300 (%)
• Aromatics (vol %)
• Olefms (vol %)
• Benzene (vol %)
In addition to VOC and NOx, the Complex model estimates the impact of varying fuel
formulation on benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and polycyclic
organic matter (POM) exhaust emissions. Because the Complex model was based on a
much larger database than the toxic fractions used in the MVRATS, EPA has been
criticized in the past for not using the Complex model results in that study. However,
that criticism is not warranted, since the Complex model was not available at the time the
emissions analysis was performed for the MVRATS. In addition, the Complex model has
its own limitations. First, the database used to develop the Complex model included only
1986 to 1990 model year vehicles, so it cannot be used to predict toxic emission rates
from older technology vehicles, and projecting results onto future technologies introduces
uncertainty into the analysis. Second, only gasoline-fueled light-duty cars and trucks
were included in the Complex model database, so it cannot be used to predict toxics
emissions from Diesel vehicles, heavy-duty gasoline vehicles, or motorcycles.
The above limitations notwithstanding, the Complex model remains the most robust tool
currently available with which to estimate toxics emissions from late-model vehicles,
particularly when alternative fuel formulations are being investigated. For that reason,
the Complex model was used in this study to generate toxics emissions estimates from
light-duty vehicles equipped with three-way catalyst systems. For this analysis, EPA
provided an "unconsolidated" version of the Complex model that generated separate
emissions estimates as a function of technology, e.g., port fuel injection (PFI) was broken
out separately from throttle body injection (TBI). In addition, results were reported
separately for normal-emitting vehicles and for high-emitting vehicles. With this level of
detail, it was possible to generate model-year-specific toxics fractions and emission rates
by applying the appropriate technology sales mix to each model year and vehicle class. In
-45-
-------
addition, because the response to differing fuel formulations is often much different for
high-emitting vehicles relative to normal-emitting vehicles, modeling those effects
separately resulted in improved toxics emissions estimates.
A sample output from the unconsolidated Complex model is given in Figure 4-1 . For that
particular run, the fuel parameters for Chicago in the summer of 1990 were used. As
outlined in the figure, the model first calculates a percentage change for exhaust VOC,
exhaust benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene for each technology
group (i.e., TGI, TG2, etc.) based on the difference in fuel parameters between the
baseline gasoline (as defined in the Clean Air Act) and the target fuel. These percentage
changes are then applied to baseline emission rates (in mg/mi) to arrive at the target fuel
emission rate. For the winter runs, the baseline fuel specifications are slightly different.
In addition, the winter runs held the RVP to 8.7 psi for both the baseline and target fuel
because RVPs typical of wintertime fuels (e.g., on the order of 13.5 psi) are outside the
range of the Complex model. Finally, because temperature corrections were applied
within the modified MOBILE model developed for this study, the technology-group-
specific baseline emission rates in the summer version of the Complex model were not
modified to reflect winter temperatures.
As part of this study, MTBE emissions were also estimated. However, the standard
version of the Complex model does not calculate MTBE emissions separately. Thus,
EPA provided Sierra with an unpublished version of an MTBE model that is patterned
after the Complex model.11 It should be noted that the MTBE model contains a strong
caveat that the regression analyses upon which the model was based have not been peer
reviewed, and therefore the results are subject to some uncertainty.
Treatment of Normal and High Emitters ("Toxic-TOG Curves") - An issue that received
considerable discussion at the beginning of this project was how to implement an
approach that treated normal and high emitters separately. The issue here is that normal
emitters and high emitters may have different characteristics in terms of their response to
fuel parameters (and corresponding toxics fractions) and therefore need to be treated
separately. This becomes difficult when different I/M scenarios are considered that
impact the distribution of normals and highs in the fleet. A methodology to account for
normal and high emitters within the MOBTOXSb code was suggested by EPA. A
summary of this method is presented below, and the original write-up provided by EPA is
included in Appendix C.
Although the approach suggested by EPA was presented in algebraic terms, it is useful to
start with a simple example and work backward from there. Assume that the TOG
emission rates, benzene emission rates, and benzene fractions for normal and high
emitters corresponding to a baseline fuel and a target fuel are as listed in Table 4-2.
Using the values presented in Table 4-2, if MOBTOXSb calculated a fleet-average
emission rate of 1.0 g/mi TOG for the baseline fuel, the fraction of normals and highs
making up the 1.0 g/mi emission rate could be calculated as follows:
1.0 g/mi =FN*TOGHBaseFuel +
-46-
-------
where FN is the fraction of normals and FH is the fraction of highs. The TOG emission
rates for normals and highs on base fuel (TOGN Base Fuel and TOG^ Base Fuel) can be
-47-
-------
Figure 4-1
Unconsolidated Complex Model Run
Chicago
Fuel Prameters
1990
Summertime
Based on
Fuel Parameters
CAA Base Target Fuel
OXYGEN (wt%)
SULFUR (ppm)
RVP (psi)
E200 (%)
E300 (%)
AROMATICS (vol%)
OLEFINS (vol%)
BENZENE (vol%)
Percent Change
Exh
TG1
TG2
TG3
TG4
TG5
TG6
TG7
TG8
TG9
High Emitters
Baseline mg/mi
Exh
TG1
TG2
TG3
TG4
TG5
TG6
TG7
TG8
TG9
High Emitters
Target Fuel mg/mi
Exh
TG1
TG2
TG3
TG4
TG5
TG6
TG7
TG8
TG9
High Emitters
voc
8.91
6.63
10.85
19.67
18.25
5.37
11.10
—
11.10
-2.75
VOC
493
404
408
771
317
354
689
—
457
3075
VOC
537
431
452
923
375
373
765
—
508
2990
0
339
8.7
41
83
32
9.2
1.53
Exh ben
0.21
-6.16
4.90
-6.16
-12.66
-6.16
-6.16
—
-36.76
-6.62
Exh ben
27.30
22.39
22.59
42.72
17.58
19.64
38.20
—
25.33
190.65
Exh ben
27.35
21.01
23.69
40.09
15.35
18.43
35.85
—
16.02
178.02
0
512
8.67
47.2
78.6
28.8
8.6
1.35
Ace
12.32
12.32
12.32
11.63
12.32
12.32
12.32
—
12.32
12.32
Ace
2.42
1.99
2.01
3.79
1.56
1.74
3.39
—
2.25
15.01
Ace
2.72
2.23
2.25
4.23
1.75
1.96
3.81
—
2.53
16.85
Form
6.97
6.97
6.97
6.97
6.97
6.97
6.97
—
6.97
8.86
Form
5.91
4.85
4.89
9.25
3.81
4.25
8.27
—
5.49
29.58
Form
6.33
5.19
5.23
9.90
4.07
4.55
8.85
—
5.87
32.20
But
11.95
2.57
7.61
-4.38
2.57
11.18
2.57
2.57
-2.12
But
2.67
2.19
2.21
4.18
1.72
1.92
3.74
2.48
43.97
But
2.99
2.25
2.38
4.00
1.76
2.14
3.83
2.54
43.04
-------
Table 4-2
Hypothetical TOG and Benzene Emissions
Benzene (g/mi)
obtained from Table 4-2, and the fraction of highs is just (1-FN). Substituting these into
the equation above gives:
1.0 g/mi = FN*0.5 + (1-FN)*2.0
Solving the above for FN results in the fraction of normals being 0.667 and the fraction of
highs being 0.333.
Using these fractions with the benzene emission rate for normals and highs, one can
obtain the mean benzene emission rate for the target fuel presented in this example, i.e.,
R7
°^
Flt,Target rN
, Target rH °^H,Target
where BZHt Target is the fleet-average benzene emission rate for the target fuel, BZNTarget is
the average benzene emissions from normal emitters operating on the target fuel, and
BZnTaiget is the average benzene emissions from high emitters operating on the target fuel.
Substituting the fraction of normals and highs calculated above and the benzene emission
rates from Table 4-2, the following is obtained:
BZntTarget = 0.667*0.016 + 0.333*0.133 = 0.055 g/mi (or 55 mg/mi)
Note that this approach used the benzene emission rate for the target fuel directly without
first adjusting the base fuel TOG levels for the target fuel.
As outlined in Appendix C, the emissions data presented in Table 4-2 can also be thought
of in graphical terms, as illustrated in Figure 4-2. Using this presentation, the target fuel
benzene emission level (in g/mi or mg/mi) can be thought of as a linear function of the
baseline fuel TOG emission rate. The baseline fuel normal emitter TOG emission rate
defines the lower end of the curve, while the baseline fuel high emitter TOG emission
rate defines the upper end of the curve. Thus, the points plotted in Figure 4-2 are simply
the values outlined in Table 4-2.
-49-
-------
Figure 4-2
Benzene-TOG curve
Based on the relationships presented in Appendix C, these "toxic-TOG curves" can be
defined by an intercept (A) and a slope (B), according to the following:
^Target ~~ ( ^ OGjj^ Base Fuei BZN Target - 1 OGN Base Fue[ BZp^ Target)/
j^ Base Fuel - TOGN Base Fuel)
^Target ~~ (^^H, Target - BZN Target)/ (TOGjj^ Base Fuel - TOGN Base Fuel)
where the TOG and BZ variables are those defined previously.
Using baseline fuel normal and high emitter TOG emission rates (in g/mi) and the target
fuel normal and high emitter benzene emission rates (in mg/mi) defined in Table 4-2 as
an example, the values of A and B are calculated as:
ATarget = (2.0* 16 - 0.5* 133)7(2.0 - 0.5) = -23 .0
BTarget = (133 -16)7(2.0-0.5) = 78.0
Using the above example of a fleet-average TOG emission rate of 1.0 g/mi on the base
fuel, the fleet-average benzene emission rate (in mg/mi) is calculated as:
BZfl, Target — ATarget + BTarget TOGHt Base Fuel
BZntiTarget = -23.0 + 78.0*1 = 55.0 mg/mi
-50-
-------
Figure 4-2
Hypothetical Benzene-TOG Curve
140
0.5
1 1.5
Baseline Fuel TOG (g/mi)
-------
which matches the calculation performed above.
An issue related to the above methodology is whether the linear assumption is valid for
baseline TOG values above the high emitter point and below the normal emitter point.
This is particularly relevant in cases where A and B values are determined from Tier 0
vehicles (e.g., the Complex model), but the results are applied to Tier 1 and LEV-
category vehicles. For the simple example presented above, negative benzene emissions
are estimated for the target fuel when the baseline fleet-average TOG emission rate falls
below 0.295 g/mi. Thus, for fleet-average emission rates below (and above) the normal
(and high) emitter values, a different methodology was needed. In those cases, it was
assumed that the toxic emission rate was the same on a fractional basis. For the example
above, the benzene emission rate for a baseline TOG value of 0.1 g/mi would be
calculated as follows:
BZ(TOG=O.I g/mi) =0.1 g/mi * (16 mg/mi BZ / 0.5 g/mi TOG) = 3.2 mg/mi
This has the effect of forcing the toxic-TOG curve from the normal-emitter point back
through the origin. The same approach is used in cases where the fleet-average baseline
TOG emission rate is above the high emitter point.
The above approach was used to estimate toxic emissions as a function of baseline fuel
TOG emission rates for all categories of vehicles. (For this analysis, industry-average
fuel defined in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments was considered the baseline fuel.)
Rather than generating the A and B terms outside of the model, an input file was created
with the normal and high emitter TOG emission rates (in g/mi) and the corresponding
normal and high toxic emission rates (in mg/mi). This approach made the QC process
much easier and only required a few lines of code to implement.
Toxic-TOG Curves: Pre-Complex Model Vehicles - For pre-Complex model light-duty
gasoline cars and trucks, heavy-duty gasoline vehicles, and Diesel vehicles, there are
insufficient data with which to establish toxic emission rates as a function of normal and
high emitters. As such, the toxic-TOG curves were generated by establishing the normal
emitter point at the origin and the high emitter baseline TOG emission rate at 10 g/mi.
The toxic emission rates corresponding to the 10 g/mi TOG value were then calculated
from equations developed by EPA, many of which were updated from those developed
for the 1993 MVRATS. A summary of these relationships is given in Appendix D.
As an example of the methodology used in this analysis, consider benzene emissions
from a non-catalyst HDGV using a fuel with 1.2 vol% benzene and 31 vol% aromatics.
The equation relating the fuel parameters to the benzene level (as a percentage of TOG
emissions) for non-catalyst FtDGVs (from Appendix D) is as follows:
BZ %TOG= 0.8551 * vol% BZ + 0.12198 * vol% ARO - 1.1626
BZ%TOG= 0.8551 * 1.2 + 0.12198*31 - 1.1626 = 3.64%
-51-
-------
Thus, if the high-emitter TOG emission rate is assumed to be 10 g/mi, the resulting
benzene emission rate would be:
BZKghEmitter = 10 g/mi * 0.0364 = 0.364 g/mi (or 364 mg/mi)
For cases in which the target fuel contained an oxygenate or an RVP level below the
baseline fuel assumption (i.e., 8.7 psi),* the TOG emission rate was decreased to account
for that effect prior to generating the toxic pollutant emission point. The corrections used
to model those impacts were provided by EPA and are summarized in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3
TOG Oxygenate and RVP Adjustments for Non-Complex Model Vehicles
Fuel Parameter
Oxygen, per 1 wt%
RVP, per 1 psi decrease
Non-Catalyst Vehicles
- 1.6%
- 1.8%
Oxidation Catalyst Vehicles
- 4.46%
- 1.7%
The methodology described above was applied to all technology groups and vehicle
classes that were not evaluated with the Complex model. Open-loop three-way catalyst
technologies, which are not evaluated by the Complex model, were treated as open-loop
oxidation catalyst vehicles for this analysis. (Note that this technology was used only
during the early 1980s, and it never accounted for more than 20% of the light-duty
vehicle fleet in any model year.) Technology-specific toxic emission rates were
developed based on a 10 g/mi TOG emission rate, and model-year-specific technology
fractions (described later in this section of the report) were used to compile model-year-
specific toxic-TOG curves.
Toxic-TOG Curves: Tier 0 Vehicles - The toxic-TOG curves developed for closed-loop
Tier 0 vehicles made use of the unconsolidated Complex model provided to Sierra by
EPA. (All open-loop technologies were analyzed as described above.) The Complex
model provides emissions estimates for eight different technology groups plus high
emitters. For this study, the Complex model technology groups were collapsed to be
consistent with available data on the fleet make-up (based on MOBILESa definitions).
The mapping between the Complex model technology groups and the technology groups
utilized in this analysis was suggested by EPA (see Appendix E) and is summarized in
Table 4-4.
Note that the RVP effect was applied only during the spring and summer evaluation periods. That is
because the impact of RVP on exhaust emissions is generally thought to be a result of canister purge.
Thus, under cold temperature conditions, this effect would be mitigated.
-52-
-------
Table 4-4
MOBILESa and Complex Model Technology Group Mappings
MOBILESa Tech Group
Carbureted (3W and 3W+OX)
3WPFI
3WTBI
3W+OX PFI
3W+OX TBI
High Emitters (All Technologies)
Complex Model Tech Groups
9
Average of 1, 2, and 5
Average of 3 and 6
4
7
High Emitter
The first step in this part of the analysis was to develop baseline fuel TOG emission rates
for normal and high emitters in the Complex model. Because the Complex model
exhaust hydrocarbon emissions estimates are based on volatile organic carbon (VOC)
emissions (VOC = TOG - methane - ethane), a conversion to TOG was necessary. This
was based on conversion factors provided by EPA, which recommended that toxic
fractions based on VOC be scaled by a factor of 0.8079 for three-way catalyst vehicles
and a factor of 0.7166 for three way + oxidation catalyst vehicles. Alternatively, dividing
VOC emissions by these factors results in TOG emission estimates. Thus, after
combining the technology groups as described in Table 4-4, the resulting VOC emission
rates were converted to a TOG basis. These are shown in Table 4-5. Note that two
estimates for TOG are given in Table 4-5: one based on 339 ppm S fuel (which is the
sulfur level of the baseline fuel in the Complex model) and the other based on 330 ppm S
fuel. Because the base emission rates provided by EPA were generated based on
conventional fuel with a 330 ppm sulfur content, the base fuel TOG emission rates used
in developing the toxic-TOG curves were estimated from the Complex model assuming a
sulfur level of 330 ppm.
Table 4-5
Mean Complex Model Base Fuel
VOC and TOG Emission Rates (g/mi) by Technology Group
MOBILESa Tech Group
Carbureted (3W and 3W+OX)3
3WPFI
3WTBI
3W+OX PFI
3W+OX TBI
High Emitters (All Technologies)13
Mean VOC
(339 ppm S)
0.457
0.405
0.381
0.771
0.689
3.075
Mean TOG
(339 ppm S)
0.638
0.501
0.472
1.076
0.961
4.034
Mean TOG
(330 ppm S)
0.635
0.499
0.470
1.068
0.957
4.036
-53-
-------
a The VOC-to-TOG correction was based on 3 W+OX technology for this group.
The VOC-to-TOG correction was based on an average of 3 W and 3 W+OX technology groups for high
emitters.
From this point, it was a simple matter of running the Complex model for the fuel
parameters being analyzed and compiling the resulting toxics emission rates for each
technology group. However, this was a two-step process. First, the Complex model was
run with the target fuel parameters (in the example below, 1990 summertime Chicago
fuel specifications) but sulfur was set at 330 ppm. Because separate sulfur corrections
were developed by EPA for the Tier 2 study, those were then applied to the toxics
emissions results to obtain the toxics emission rates for the target fuel specifications.* For
example, Table 4-6 shows the Complex model results for benzene to be 22.83 mg/mi for
the 1990 Chicago fuel specifications, assuming a sulfur level of 330 ppm. This was then
corrected to the actual sulfur level of 512 ppm using the equations contained in Table 3-3
for Tier 0 vehicles. For example, the correction for carbureted vehicles was:
BNZ512ppmS = BNZ330ppmS * exp(0.05502*ln(512))/exp(0.05502*ln(330))
BNZ512ppmS = 22.83 mg/mi * 1.024 = 23.38 mg/mi
The model-year-specific emission rates for normal emitters were then developed by
weighting the technology-specific Complex model results by the fraction of each
technology in the fleet. A sample of this calculation is shown for TOG and benzene in
Table 4-6 for 1988 model year LDGVs evaluated with 1990 Chicago summertime fuel
parameters. Note that the four values in the lower right corner of the table shown in bold
print would be used to establish the normal and high emitter points on the benzene-TOG
curve for this model year and vehicle class. The same methodology was used for the
remaining model years that had Tier 0 vehicles equipped with closed-loop technology.
Table 4-6
Sample Calculation Used to Develop the Toxic-TOG Curve for Benzene
1988 Model Year LDGV - 1990 Chicago Summertime Fuel
Tech Group
Carbureted
3WPFI
3WTBI
Fraction
0.101
0.444
0.327
TOG (g/mi)
(330 ppm S)
0.635
0.499
0.470
BNZ (mg/mi)
(330 ppm S)
22.83
18.93
18.21
BNZ (mg/mi)
(512ppmS)
23.38
19.39
18.66
This has the effect of applying the same percentage impact to the benzene emission rate (and the other
toxics) as that observed for TOG. Although it could be argued that there could be a differential impact on
emissions, i.e., sulfur affecting the toxics rates more or less than TOG, this approach was selected because
of concerns that the Complex model was less certain at the very low sulfur levels being investigated in this
study.
-54-
-------
Table 4-6
Sample Calculation Used to Develop the Toxic-TOG Curve for Benzene
1988 Model Year LDGV - 1990 Chicago Summertime Fuel
3W+OX PFI
3W+OX TBI
Normal Emitters
High Emitters
0.048
0.080
—
~
1.068
0.957
0.567
4.036
37.70
33.72
21.17
167.44
38.62
34.54
21.69
168.58
Toxic-TOG Curves: Tier 1 Vehicles - For Tier 1 vehicles, the normal-emitter point
developed according to the methodology described above for closed-loop Tier 0 vehicles
was modified to reflect (1) the Tier 1 specific sulfur adjustments, and (2) the fact that Tier
1 vehicles are certified to more stringent hydrocarbon standards. Based on a review of
information presented at the July 1992 MOBILESa workshop, Tier 0 vehicles (which are
certified to a 0.41 g/mi total hydrocarbon standard) have an effective NMHC standard of
0.377 g/mi. Tier 1 vehicles are certified to 0.25 g/mi NMHC. Thus, the lower point on
the toxic-TOG curve developed from the Complex model was adjusted by the ratio
0.25/0.377. This correction was used for both cars and trucks, since the Complex model
relationships were based on data from cars and trucks, and similar fractional NMHC
reductions occur between Tier 1 and Tier 0 vehicles. Because there is no information to
suggest that Tier 1 high emitters will be substantially different than Tier 0 high emitters
(although there should be fewer of them), the high-emitter point on the toxic-TOG curve
was left unchanged.
Toxic-TOG Curves: Tier 2 and LEV-Category Vehicles - As with Tier 1 and Tier 0
vehicles, the high-emitter point on the toxic-TOG curves remained the same for LEVs as
that calculated for Tier 0 vehicles. (It is too early to determine if high-emitting LEVs will
be significantly different than high-emitting Tier 0 vehicles.) In addition, the normal-
emitter point on the toxic-TOG curve required an adjustment to account for the LEV-
specific sulfur adjustments and the certification standards differences. The sulfur
adjustments are outlined in Table 3-3, while the differences in the standards were
accounted for by scaling the normal emitter point by 0.075/0.377 for Tier 2 vehicles and
LDV/LDT1 LEVs and by 0.100/0.377 for the heavier light-duty truck classes (i.e., above
3,750 Ibs. test weight).
Technology Fractions - Because toxics emissions and toxics fractions are a function of
technology, the model-year-specific toxic-TOG curves developed for this study were
generated by weighting technology-specific emissions by the estimated sales mix of each
technology as a function of model year. For gasoline-fueled vehicles, the following
technology types were considered:
Open-loop, non-catalyst;
• Open-loop, catalyst;
Closed-loop, carbureted;
• Closed-loop, three-way catalyst, PFI;
Closed-loop, three-way + oxidation catalyst, PFI;
-55-
-------
Closed-loop, three-way catalyst, TBI; and
Closed-loop, three-way + oxidation catalyst, TBI.
For pre-1991 model year light-duty cars and trucks and all heavy-duty gasoline vehicles,
the technology fractions were based on those developed by EPA for MOBILESa.
Technology fractions for 1992 and later model year LDGV, LDGT1, and LDGT2
categories were derived from a recent report prepared in support of MOBILE6.12
However, because that study did not report PFI and TBI technologies separately for 1996
and later model year LDGTs, Sierra had to make assumptions regarding the phase-out of
TBI technology. In this analysis it was assumed that TBI technology on light-duty
gasoline trucks would be phased-out under the NLEV program (i.e., by the 2001 model
year for non-OTR states). The technology distribution for LDGTs for the 1996 to 2000
model years was estimated by interpolating between the 1995 and 2001 values. The final
model-year-specific technology fractions used in this study are summarized in
Appendix F.
Off-Cycle (Aggressive Driving) Correction - The vast majority of data and models related
to motor vehicle air toxics is based on FTP testing. However, to be consistent with the
approach taken in the modeling for the Tier 2 rule, EPA recommended that an adjustment
for aggressive driving behavior be applied to the toxics estimates developed in this work
assignment. This adjustment can be thought of as two discrete steps: (1) an adjustment
(i.e., typically an increase) to the TOG mass to account for off-cycle operation, and (2) an
adjustment (increase or decrease) to account for the difference in mass fraction of each
toxic compound of interest between the FTP and the Unified Cycle (UC). The UC, or
LA92, is used here because that cycle reflects a more accurate distribution of aggressive
driving behavior than the LA4 cycle used in the FTP. In addition, the UC was used
because toxics data were available for vehicles tested on both the LA4 and the UC.
The methodology used to apply an aggressive driving correction to the toxics estimates
for this study is best illustrated with an example. Consider a case in which a 1990 model
year LDGV has an FTP-based TOG emission rate of 0.6 g/mi and the benzene mass
fraction is 5%. Assume that the benzene mass fraction on the Unified Cycle is 7%.
Using the off-cycle factors developed by EPA for the Tier 2 analysis, the TOG emission
rate, corrected for aggressive driving behavior, would be as follows:
TOGuc = OCCFAgg*TOGFTP
TOGUC = 1.14 * 0.6 g/mi = 0.684 g/mi
where 1.14 is the aggressive driving correction for a 1990 model year LDGV evaluated in
1990.*
Recall that the off-cycle correction is initially calculated as an offset in the MOBTOXSb model.
However, to be consistent with the off-cycle methodology previously developed for WA#0-07, that offset
(continued...)
-56-
-------
In this example, the benzene emission rates over the two cycles would be:
BNZFTP = 0.6 g/mi * 0.05 = 0.030 g/mi
BNZUC = 0.684 g/mi * 0.07 = 0.048 g/mi
where BNZUC reflects the "in-use" benzene emission rate corrected for aggressive driving
behavior.
Continuing with this example, an off-cycle toxics adjustment factor can be developed
from the ratio of the benzene fraction over the UC to the benzene fraction over the FTP:
ADJBNZiUC/FTP = 0.07/0.05 = 1.4.
Based on the Toxic-TOG curve approach described above (in which the FTP-based TOG
emission rate is used to establish the FTP-based toxic emission rate), determining the
FTP-based toxic emission rate is the first step in the overall calculation of in-use toxic
emission rates. Thus, in the example presented here, the starting point would be BNZFTP
= 0.030 g/mi. This value would then need to be corrected for aggressive driving behavior
(both for the TOG mass increase and the differential mass fraction between the FTP and
the UC), as shown below.
T5TVT7 = T5TVT7 * ADT * ADT
01N^UC QlN^pj-p fLLJJ Aggressive Driving •rt-L/JBNZ,UC/FTP
BNZUC = 0.030 g/mi * 1.14* 1.4
BNZUC = 0.048 g/mi
which corresponds with the "in-use" benzene emission rate in the example presented
above.
Using data collected by CARB in which vehicles were tested on both the FTP and the
UC, off-cycle toxics adjustment factors were developed for benzene, acetaldehyde,
formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and MTBE based on the ratio of the toxic mass fraction
over the UC to the toxic mass fraction over the FTP. A complete description of the
database provided by CARB and the analysis performed for this study is contained in
Appendix G, and a summary of the results follows.
(...continued)
is converted to a multiplicative factor within MOBTOXSb. In this example, the FTP-based emission rate is
0.6 g/mi and the offset is 0.086 g/mi. Thus, the off-cycle multiplicative correction factor is
(0.6+0.086)/0.6, or 1.14.
-57-
-------
Summary of Analysis of CARS Off-Cycle Data - CARB provided speciated data for 18
FTP and UC test "pairs." The 18 test pairs reflect test results for a total of 13 vehicles
while operating on one or more of three test fuels (Indolene, commercial unleaded
gasoline, and California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline). Test results for one vehicle were
eliminated from all off-cycle toxics analyses because the FTP and UC test fuels were not
the same. Furthermore, to ensure that analysis results were not unduly biased by any one
particular vehicle, all test pairs applicable to a single vehicle were collapsed into a single
test pair by arithmetically averaging individual FTP and UC test results. With one
exception, test fuel sensitivities were not considered in the off-cycle analysis (i.e., all test
fuels were treated as a group) due to insufficient data. However, since analysis results are
expressed in a normalized form as the ratio of UC data to FTP data, most fuel-related
distinctions should be controlled. A single exception was made for MTBE emissions,
where test results for zero MTBE content fuels (i.e., Indolene and one commercial
unleaded gasoline) were excluded from the estimation of UC to FTP ratios (for MTBE
only). Following this approach, the CARB database was collapsed into eight normal total
hydrocarbon (THC) emitter test pairs (seven for MTBE) and four high THC emitter test
pairs.
Basic statistical regression analysis was performed on the CARB test data, primarily as a
quality assurance tool. The size of the normal and high emitter databases was sufficiently
small to prohibit the development of robust UC/FTP relationships through detailed
statistical analysis. Nevertheless, regression analysis was undertaken to check for data
consistency and the likelihood of an additive component (i.e., an emissions offset) in
UC/FTP relationships. For all species subjected to regression analysis (TOG, benzene,
1,3-butadiene, MTBE, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde), the intercept terms in
regressions of UC emissions versus FTP emissions were not significant at the 95 percent
confidence level. Moreover, regression of the UC toxics fraction of TOG versus the FTP
toxics fraction of TOG for all five toxics species yielded similar results (i.e., insignificant
intercepts). Based on these results, it is unlikely that an additive component exists, and
the ratio of average UC test results to average FTP test results should provide a
reasonable estimation of UC/FTP emissions relationships. Therefore, the required
UC/FTP off-cycle toxics adjustment factors (ADJuc/Frp, as described above) were
calculated as the ratio of the mean of the toxics fractions over the UC to the mean of the
toxics fractions over the FTP. Appendix G provides additional detail on the basis for the
use of means, but in general calculated mean ratios were consistent with zero-intercept
regression coefficients to within an error of ±5 percent. Table 4-7 presents the specific
normal and high emitter off-cycle adjustment factors used for the toxics emissions
analysis.
Table 4-7
Ratio of UC Toxics Fraction to FTP Toxics Fraction
Toxic Species
Benzene
1,3 -Butadiene
Normal THC Emitters
1.315
1.037
High THC Emitters
1.126
0.708
-58-
-------
MTBE
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
0.825
1.163
1.020
0.965
0.894
0.919
Off-cycle adjustment factor development was obviously hampered by the limited amount
of data available for analysis. Ideally, separate adjustment factors would be developed for
the different vehicle technologies and classes represented in the fleet as well as the
different fuels encountered in-use. However, independent adjustment factor development
was not possible given that only eight normal emitter test pairs (six LDVs and two LDTs
covering the 1984 through 1996 model years) and four high emitter test pairs (three
LDVs and one LDT covering the 1982 through 1987 model years) were available for
analysis. As a result, there was little alternative but to treat the database in the aggregate,
and develop a single set of adjustment factors for normal and high emitters which could
subsequently be weighted to develop unique model-year- and vehicle-class-specific
adjustments. Before this aggregate treatment, however, a basic regression analysis was
conducted on the 12 test pairs to determine whether a significant age-based relationship
was evident in the test data. The resulting regression coefficients were not significant for
any of the five emissions species examined; therefore, the aggregate treatment was
deemed acceptable and the normal and high emitter adjustment factors presented in
Table 4-7 were used without change for all 1981 and later gasoline-powered vehicles.
Because no data were available with which to generate factors for pre-1981 vehicles, two
different approaches were considered. First, because most of the pre-1981 model year
vehicles in the emissions analyses performed for this study would be high emitters based
on their HC emission rates, one possibility is to simply assign pre-1981 vehicles the high-
emitter factor. Alternatively, because no data exist on pre-1981 vehicles, it can also be
argued that a factor of 1.0 is appropriate. Because of the uncertainty involved in this
analysis, pre-1981 model year vehicles were assigned a value of 1.0 for the off-cycle
toxics factor.
For 1981 and later model year vehicles, the normal and high emitter adjustment factors in
Table 4-7 were weighted according to the anticipated contribution of normals and highs
to the FTP-based HC emission rate. Because this is dependent on the calendar year of
analysis and whether an I/M program is in effect, a series of different factors were
developed. This was accomplished by forecasting the HC base emission rate equations
provided by EPA using the odometer level expected in 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020. (The
BERs are discussed in detail in Section 3 of this report.) The methodology used to
perform this analysis is similar to that described in Section 3 for the implementation of
normal and high emitter CO oxygenate impacts; an example of the calculation follows.
The mean HC emission rate of the normal and high emitters in the FTP/UC sample was
0.23 g/mi and 1.77 g/mi, respectively. A 1984 model year vehicle, evaluated in 1996,
-59-
-------
would have an average emission rate of 1.4 g/mi. Thus, the fraction of normals (using the
FTP/UC sample definition) can be calculated from the equation shown below.
1.4 g/mi = 0.23 *N+ 1.77*(1-N)
Solving for N, one arrives at 24% normals and 76% highs, with normals contributing
3.9% to the 1.4 g/mi emission rate (i.e., (0.23*0.24)/1.4). Thus, for this case, the
weighted UC/FTP factor for benzene would be:
ADJBNZUC/FTP = 0.039*1.315 + 0.961*1.126= 1.133
This methodology was used to develop the UC/FTP toxics factors for 1981 and later
model year light-duty vehicles for 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020.
Code Changes Required to Implement the Revised Exhaust Emissions Methodology -
The original T2ATTOX code provided by EPA was modified to implement the
methodologies described above. The original code structure ran the model for one toxic
emission factor at a time. We modified the structure so that all toxic emission factors
could be generated within the same run. This change was made to the subroutine
HCCALX. In addition, the original code required that a multiplicative factor be input for
each toxic so that the ratio reflected the toxic emission rate per TOG exhaust emission
rate (i.e., it was structured to perform estimates by applying the toxic fraction to the
calculated TOG emission rates). This factor was used for all emission levels for a
particular model year and vehicle type. In the version of the model developed in this
study, the toxic-TOG relationship was described separately for low and high emitters in
terms of mg/mi toxic versus g/mi TOG. The TOG emission factor developed for a
particular run was then used to interpolate between the two relationships. This change
was implemented in the TOXADJ subroutine.
Other code changes were made to the GETTX2 routine to read in the toxic-TOG curves,
the aggressive driving factors, and the air conditioning factors. The OFFCYC subroutine
was modified to perform the aggressive driving and air conditioning corrections described
above. The BEF subroutine was modified to add calls to the TOXADJ and OFFCYC
subroutines. Two output routines (OUTDT3 and OUTDT4) were modified so that all the
toxic emission factors could be printed for each run. Subroutines SAVER and ADJUST
were modified so that the new toxic emission factors could be saved and corrected for
cases in which July runs were requested. For July runs the model is run twice, once with
the preceding Calendar year and then with the succeeding year. The two runs need to be
saved and averaged for the July output. A listing of the subroutines modified for this
effort is presented in Appendix H, along with a description of how the model is run.
For acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene, crankcase emissions from tampered
vehicles are included in the exhaust emissions. For benzene and MTBE, the crankcase
emissions are calculated with hot-soak and diurnal emissions. Crankcase emissions from
correctly operating vehicles are zero, but for vehicles with inoperable PCV valves,
-60-
-------
emissions need to be estimated. These emissions are calculated for all toxic compounds
and occur as combustion gases blow by the piston into the engine crankcase, so these
emissions are similar to exhaust emissions. The exhaust toxic fractions are applied for
estimating the toxic emission factors from crankcase emissions.
Evaporative Emissions
The only toxics included in the evaporative emissions estimates were benzene and
MTBE. For this analysis, the methodology originally developed for the T2ATTOX
model to estimate evaporative toxics estimates was used directly. In that method, the
mass fraction of benzene and MTBE (as a percent of total TOG emissions) is applied to
the evaporative TOG emissions estimates calculated by the MOBILE model.
The toxics fractions used in this analysis were based on the fuel property data specific to
each area and control scenario and the toxic-to-evaporative emissions relationships
provided by EPA (which came from the Complex model). A summary of the equations
relating fuel parameters to evaporative toxics fractions is given in Table 4-8 for each of
the evaporative processes modeled by MOBILE. Since the Complex model does not
calculate resting loss emissions, it was assumed that the benzene and MTBE fractions
were equal to those of diurnal emissions. Note that two sets of equations are given for
MTBE. That is because a "high" and "low" evaporative MTBE estimate is included in
the MTBE model developed by EPA. Based on direction from EPA, the "high" MTBE
fractions were used in this analysis.
Table 4-8
Evaporative Benzene and MTBE Fraction Equations
from the Complex Model and EPA's MTBE Model
Pollutant
Process
Toxic Fraction Equation (% of TOG)
Benzene
Hot Soak
Diurnal
Running
Resting
Refueling
(-0.03420*OXY - 0.080274*RVP
(-0.02895*OXY - 0.080274*RVP
(-0.03420*OXY - 0.080274*RVP
(-0.02895*OXY - 0.080274*RVP
(-0.02955*OXY - 0.081507*RVP
.4448)*BNZ
.3758)*BNZ
.4448)*BNZ
.3758)*BNZ
.3972)*BNZ
MTBE
(High)
Hot Soak
Diurnal
Running
Resting
Refueling
(24.205 - 1.746*RVP)*MTBE/10
(22.198 - 1.746*RVP)*MTBE/10
(17.8538 - 1.6622*RVP)*MTBE/10
(22.198 - 1.746*RVP)*MTBE/10
1.743*MTBE*(-0.02955*OXY - 0.081507*RVP + 1.3972)
-61-
-------
MTBE
(Low)
Hot Soak
Diurnal
Running
Resting
Refueling
((31.442 - 1.746*RVP)/1.8029)*MTBE/10
((31.442 - 1.746*RVP)/2.3191)*MTBE/10
((31.412 - 1.6622*RVP)/4.9963)*MTBE/10
((31.442 - 1.746*RVP)/2.3191)*MTBE/10
1.743*MTBE*(-0.02955*OXY - 0.081507*RVP + 1.3972)
Note: OXY = wt% oxygen
RVP = Reid vapor pressure in psi
BNZ = vol% benzene
MTBE = vol% MTBE
As with the exhaust emission factors, evaporative emission factors developed above were
read into the MOBTOXSb model through subroutine GETTX2. The evaporative
fractions were developed for benzene and MTBE for each of the evaporative components
described above. These fractions were then used to develop the evaporative toxic
emission factors in the subroutine EVPADJ. EVPADJ is called from the subroutine
HCCALX for each of the evaporative processes and for each toxic. The primary change
in the new model is that the evaporative emission factors for both the toxics are
calculated in the same run, rather than in separate runs.
Diesel Particulate Emissions
Estimating Diesel particulate matter (PM) emission rates proved to be a much more
straightforward process than for the other toxic compounds considered in this study. For
this analysis, EPA's PARTS model was used directly. PARTS is similar in structure and
function to the MOBILE series of models, calculating exhaust and non-exhaust (e.g., road
dust) particulate emissions for each vehicle class included in the MOBILE models. Only
exhaust PM emission rates from Diesel vehicles were included in this analysis, and a
particle size cut-off of 10 jim was specified in the model inputs. As explained in more
detail later in this report, a number of control scenarios required modifications to the base
emission rate equations. Because this is not possible with simple changes to the input file
structure, the code had to be modified to implement these changes.
###
-62-
-------
5. SCENARIO DESCRIPTIONS
As outlined in the Introduction, this study developed estimates of on-road motor vehicle
air toxics emissions, exposure, and cancer risk for ten urban areas consisting of Atlanta,
Chicago, Denver, Houston, Minneapolis, New York City, Philadelphia, Phoenix,
Spokane, and St. Louis. Emissions modeling was also performed for an additional 16
geographic regions to reflect the range of potential fuels, temperatures, and I/M programs
observed in the U.S. These regional estimates were used in conjunction with the urban
area analyses to prepare national level emissions, exposure, and risk estimates. Modeling
was performed for 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020.
In addition to the baseline model runs, there were a total of nine different control
scenarios investigated in this effort. Because of the large number of control scenarios, it
is useful to devote a separate section of this report to defining those scenarios. In that
way, the reader will have ready access to scenario descriptions without having to search
for them imbedded in a separate sections throughout the report. Below is a brief
description of each of the scenarios evaluated in this study.
Scenario 0 - Baseline fuels and emission rates, assuming the implementation of a
National Low-Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program and RFG where applicable. This
scenario was evaluated for all calendar years and areas investigated in this effort.
Scenariol - Baseline emission factors with an assumed national gasoline regulation
limiting sulfur levels to 30 ppm. This scenario was run for 2007 and 2020 only.
Scenario 2 - Scenario 1 with more stringent tailpipe hydrocarbon emission standards for
light-duty cars and trucks (i.e., reflecting Tier 2 emission standards) and more stringent
particulate standards for light-duty Diesel cars and trucks. This was also run only for
2007 and 2020.
Scenario 3 - Scenario 2 with an assumed increase in light-duty Diesel vehicle penetration
rates. By 2020, light-duty Diesel trucks were assumed to make up 12.6% of the total fleet
VMT, while light-duty Diesel vehicles were assumed to make up 2.5% of the total fleet
VMT. It should be noted that increased light-duty Diesel sales were assumed to continue
beyond 2015 in this scenario. In the Tier 2 final rule, it was assumed that there would be
no additional increases after 2015.
Scenario 4 - Tier 2 emission standards with a national gasoline regulation capping
benzene content at 1%. For modeling purposes, it was assumed that this would result in
an in-use benzene content of 0.95%. This scenario was run for 2007 and 2020 for a
-63-
-------
limited number of areas (Atlanta, Minneapolis, Seattle, Eau Claire, Kansas City,
Cleveland, and Pittsburgh) because of the difficulty in predicting fuel specifications under
this scenario.
Scenario 5 - Tier 2 emission standards with a national gasoline regulation requiring
compliance with a 25% toxics reduction performance standard. This reduction was based
on using the 1990 national-average baseline fuel in conjunction with the Complex model.
This scenario was run for the same areas as Scenario 4.
Scenario 6 - More stringent light-duty vehicle emission standards equivalent to
0.055 g/mi non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) coupled with a national 30 ppm sulfur
cap. These emission standards were assumed to apply in model year 2004.
Scenario 7 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle emission
standards that were assumed to be phased in beginning with the 2004 model year. These
standards were proposed by EPA in an October 1999 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.
Scenario 8 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM emission
standards (equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr). These standards were assumed to apply
beginning with the 2007 model year.
Scenario 9 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM emission
standards (equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr). These standards were assumed to apply
beginning with the 2007 model year.
###
-64-
-------
6. DEVELOPMENT OF AREA-SPECIFIC MODEL INPUTS
The next step in estimating toxic exposure and risk estimates was to run the modified
MOBTOXSb model. This required the development of input files specific to each area,
calendar year, season, and control scenario. As outlined above, 10 specific urban areas
and 16 regional areas were evaluated in this study. Four calendar years were analyzed,
and a total of 10 control scenarios were evaluated. For each modeling run, it was
necessary to determine the inputs needed and develop input files for the MOBTOXSb
model. Because of the large number of modeling runs, it was necessary to automate the
process of constructing the input files as much as possible to minimize potential errors in
developing those inputs.
The input files for the revised MOBTOXSb model include the same information required
in a standard MOBILESb run. Some of the inputs that were important to determine for
each area included in this study were the registration distributions, inspection and
maintenance program parameters (start year, stringency level, program type and
frequency, and vehicles tested), fuel RVP levels, and temperatures.
Selection of Modeled Areas
The emissions and exposure estimates prepared for this study were generated for 10
specific urban areas that were defined by EPA in the scope of work. In addition, toxics
emissions and exposure were to be calculated on a nationwide basis as well. To perform
the nationwide calculations, an approach was taken in which each county was "mapped"
to an area based on similarities in fuel parameters, I/M parameters, and ambient
temperatures. Thus, additional areas were selected to best characterize the different
combinations of model inputs needed to prepare accurate nationwide toxics emissions
and exposure estimates. Because it was impossible to treat each county of the U.S.
individually in this effort, nationwide estimates had to be based on a technique in which
each county of the U.S. was "mapped" to a modeled area on the basis of similarities in
fuels, temperatures, and control programs.
Based on a review of fuel parameter availability (i.e., surveys conducted by the National
Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NTPER) and the American Automobile
Manufacturers Association (AAMA)), as well as the MOBILE inputs developed for the
national "Trends" inventories, Sierra identified an additional 16 regional areas that were
thought to best characterize on-road motor vehicle toxic emissions throughout the U.S.
In general, these areas encompass large geographic areas with similar fuels, temperatures,
-65-
-------
and control programs, and are not specific urban areas. These were intended to fill in the
areas that could not be reasonably mapped to the 10 specific urban areas that were to be
analyzed in this effort. It is felt that this approach gave the best estimates of national
toxics emissions and inventories, while maintaining the autonomy of the 10 urban areas
for which toxics exposure estimates were generated.
A listing of the modeled areas evaluated in this work assignment is contained in
Table 6-1. For completeness, the urban areas modeled in the previous study (WA#0-07)
are also included in that table. For the most part, the geographic regions used fuel
parameter data from the NIPER surveys (which cover fairly broad geographic regions),
while the city-specific analyses used AAMA fuel parameter data. For a complete listing
of the mapping strategy used to generate the nationwide estimates (i.e., a listing of the
modeled area to which each county was mapped), please refer to Section 9 of this report.
Specific MOBILE Inputs for This Study
To determine all of the necessary input parameters for each area, several sources were
used. The first source of information was a group of input files developed by E. H.
Pechan (called the Trends input files13) which were provided to Radian/ERG and Sierra
by EPA. The Trends MOBILESb input files were developed for several areas for
calendar years 1990 and 1996. The Trends files were developed for several counties
across the United States. For the ten urban areas, only one file per area was desired.
Therefore, it was necessary to choose one county from each of the Trends files that best
represented the city considered for the study. For those ten urban areas, the county
chosen was the county in which the main portion of the urban area was located. If that
county was not included in the Trends files, then the county closest to the urban area was
chosen. Table 6-2 shows the ten urban areas considered in this study and the counties
that were selected from the Trends input files for each of these cities.
For the 16 geographical regions included in this study, a different approach was used to
determine which Trends file should provide input information. Since the geographical
regions spanned several states and counties, several files were chosen to represent the
particular region. For example, in the Western Washington and Oregon region, all the
Trends files for the states of Oregon and Washington were examined to see which of the
files matched with the I/M program outlined in this study for that area. Any of the Trends
files that were from a non-I/M area were not chosen for consideration. Table 6-3 shows
the 16 geographical areas and the counties that were selected from the Trends files to
determine MOBILES input information.
-66-
-------
Table 6-1
Areas Included in Toxics Emissions Modeling
Area
Specific Urban Areas
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
Atlanta
Additional Geographic Regions
Western Washington/Oregon
Northern California
Southern California
Idaho/Montana/Wyoming
Utah/New Mexico/Nevada
ND/SD/NB/IA/KS/Western MO
Southeast - AR/MS/AL/SC/NorthernLA/etc.
Florida
Northeast states ~ non-I/M and non-RFG
Northeast states ~ non-I/M and with RFG
Northeast states ~ with I/M and non-RFG
Ohio Valley - non-I/M and non-RFG
Ohio Valley - with I/M and non-RFG
Ohio Valley - with I/M and with RFG
West Texas
Northern MI/WI
Source of
Fuel Data
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
AAMA
NIPERDist. 13
AAMA - SF
NIPERDist. 15
NIPERDist. 9
NIPERDist. 10
NIPER Dist. 7
NIPER Dist. 3
NIPERDist. 4
NIPERDist. 1
NIPER Dist. 2
NIPER Dist. 1
NIPERDist. 6
NIPERDist. 6
NIPER Dist. 6
NIPERDist. 11
NIPER Dist. 5
I/M
Program
Yes
Yes
No/Yes
No/Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Comments
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Included in original analysis
Specifically requested for this study
Used to model Seattle, Portland, etc.
San Francisco AAMA data to be used
Used for Southern California
NW Idaho mapped to Spokane
Colorado mapped to Denver
Eastern MO mapped to St. Louis
Southern LA (New Orleans) mapped to Atlanta
Use regional fuel data rather than AAMA - Miami
Use for Northeast areas without I/M and RFG
Use for Northeast areas without I/M but with RFG
Use for Northeast areas with I/M but w/o RFG
Use for IN/OH/WV/KY areas without I/M and RFG
Use for IN/OH/WV/KY areas with I/M but w/o RFG
KY areas with RFG and I/M; Chicago used for NW Indiana
Use for West Texas and Oklahoma
Milwaukee mapped to Chicago; Detroit mapped to Ohio Valley
-------
Table 6-2
Trend Files and Counties Selected for Each Modeled Urban Area
Urban
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
City
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
Counties Within Trends Files
Cobb
Cook, DuPage, and Lake Counties
Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver,
and Jefferson Counties
Harris County
Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin,
Ramsey, Scott, and Washington
Counties
Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York,
Queens, Richmond, Rockland,
Suffolk, and Westchester Counties
Bucks, Chester, Delaware,
Montgomery, and Philadelphia
Counties
Maricopa County
Spokane County
Jefferson, St. Charles, St. Louis
Counties, and St. Louis Citv
County Chosen
Cobb
Cook
Adams
Harris
Anoka
Bronx
Bucks
Maricopa
Spokane
Jefferson
Name of Selected
Trends File
M9618067.IN
M96 17031. IN
M9608001.IN
M9648201.IN
M9627003.IN
M9636005.IN
M9642017.IN
M9604013.IN
M9653063.IN
M9629099.IN
Table 6-3
Trends Files and Counties for Each Modeled Geographical Area
Geographical Region
Western Washington / Oregon
Idaho / Montana / Wyoming
Utah / New Mexico / Nevada
ND/SD/NB/IA/KS/Western MO
States in Region
Oregon
Washington
Idaho
Montana
Wyoming
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Counties Used
Clackamas
King
Adams
Beaverhead
Missoula
Albany
Clark
Washoe
Bernalillo
Davis
Salt Lake
Utah
Weber
Adair
Allen
Adair
Franklin
Adams
Name of Selected
Trends Files
M9641005.IN
M9653033.IN
M96 16003. IN
M9630001.IN
M9630063.IN
M9656001.IN
M9632003.IN
M9632031.IN
M9635001.IN
M9649011.IN
M9649035.IN
M9649049.IN
M9649057.IN
M96 19001. IN
M9620001.IN
M9629001.IN
M9629071.IN
M9631001.IN
-68-
-------
Table 6-3
Trends Files and Counties for Each Modeled Geographical Area
Geoeranhical Region
Southeast States -
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
Florida
Northeast States - No I/M, No RFG
Northeast States - I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - No I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - I/M, RFG
Northern MI/WI
Northern California
Southern California
Northeast - No I/M, RFG
West Texas
States in Region
North Dakota
South Dakota
Alabama
Arkansas
Louisiana
Mississippi
South Carolina
Florida
Maine
New Hampshire
New York
Pennsylvania
Vermont
Pennsylvania
Indiana
Kentucky
Ohio
West Virginia
Indiana
Ohio
Indiana
Kentucky
Michigan
Wisconsin
Counties Used
Adams
Aurora
Autauga
Arkansas
Acadia
Ascension
Adams
Abbeville
Broward
Aroostook
Belknap
Albany
Armstrong
Berks
Erie
Addison
Allegeheny
Lehigh
Adams
Adair
Adams
Barbour
Clark
Clark
Clermont
Lake
Jefferson
Alcona
Kent
Livingston
Muskegon
Ottawa
Adams
St. Croix
Name of Selected
Trends Files
M9638001.IN
M9646003.IN
M9601001.IN
M9605001.IN
M9622001.IN
M9622005.IN
M9628001.IN
M9645001.IN
M9612011.IN
M9623003.IN
M9633001.IN
M9636001.IN
M9642005.IN
M9642011.IN
M9642049.IN
M9650001.IN
M9642003.IN
M9642077.IN
M96 18001. IN
M9621001.IN
M9639001.IN
M9654001.IN
M9618019.IN
M9639023.IN
M9639025.IN
M9618089.IN
M9621111.IN
M9626001.IN
M9626081.IN
M9626093.IN
M9626121.IN
M9626139.IN
M9655001.IN
M9655109.IN
There were no Trends files for the California areas. Instead the
input information was determined from a review of the
California Air Resources Board's MVEI7G emissions model.
Maine
New Hampshire
New York
Texas
Androscoggin
Hillsborough
Dutchess
Orange
El Paso
M9623001.IN
M9633011.IN
M9636027.IN
M9636071.IN
M9648141.IN
-69-
-------
Radian/ERG used the Trends input files and other information provided by EPA to
determine the area-specific input parameters. These parameters included registration
fractions, mileage accumulation rates, VMT mix, alternate basic emission rates
(discussed in Section 3), inspection and maintenance program parameters, Stage n
refueling controls, and local area parameter record inputs (fuel RVP and calendar year of
evaluation). The Trends input files were used for all areas considered in this analysis
except Northern and Southern California. The information for California registration
distributions, temperatures, and inspection and maintenance program came from a review
of the California Air Resources Board's MVEI7G emissions model. Summarized below
are the specific inputs used in this analysis.
Registration Fractions and Mileage Accumulation Rates - The registration fractions were
determined for each area from two sources. For the 1990 and 1996 modeling runs, the
information provided for each area in the Trends input files was used. For the 16
geographical areas, all of the Trends files within that area were examined to determine the
registration distributions that were used most frequently, and those registration
distributions were used in the MOBTOXSb input files. The exception to this was for the
Northeast area modeling runs. For those runs, the registration distributions for Albany
county in New York were used.
For the 2007 and 2020 modeling runs, the registration fractions were provided by EPA.
The mileage accumulation rates for 1996, 2007, and 2020 were also provided by EPA.14
In general, the revised registration fractions reflect the fact that vehicles are lasting longer
in customer service than reflected in the MOBILESb registration fractions (which were
based on calendar year 1990). The revised mileage accumulation rates reflect faster
mileage accumulation than the default MOBILESb values. These input parameters were
selected based on EPA's current views on what is likely to be used in MOBILE6.
VMT Mix - For the 1990 calendar year runs, the MOBILESb default VMT mix was used.
For the 1996 runs, EPA provided alternate VMT fractions.* The VMT mixes for the
baseline runs in 2007 and 2020 were calculated from projected sales data provided by
EPA. These baseline VMT mix numbers for 2007 and 2020 were used for all scenarios
except the increased light-duty Diesel truck penetration scenario. For the increased light-
duty Diesel truck penetration scenario in 2007 and 2020, the VMT fractions were also
calculated from projected sales volumes provided by EPA. This analysis assumed that
the increase in light-duty Diesel sales would continue beyond 2015. However, the Tier 2
final rule assumed that there would be no additional increase after 2015. Table 6-4 shows
the VMT fractions for each of the calendar years and scenarios.
Note that the 1996 VMT fractions for LDDVs and LDDTs used in this modeling are lower than the
estimates used in the Tier 2 final rule. For the final rule, the LDDV fraction was assumed to be 0.008 and
the LDDT fraction was assumed to be 0.003.
-70-
-------
Table 6-4
VMT Fractions Used for the Toxics Analysis
Year
1996
2007
2020
2007
2020
Scenario
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Increased
Diesel
Increased
Diesel
LDGV
0.556
0.395
0.300
0.394
0.275
LDGT1
0.269
0.383
0.448
0.368
0.359
LDGT2
0.089
0.127
0.146
0.120
0.114
HDGV
0.021
0.023
0.025
0.023
0.025
LDDV
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.025
LDDT
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.024
0.126
HDDV
0.055
0.065
0.071
0.065
0.071
MC
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Alternate TOG BERs - As discussed in Section 3, alternate BERs were provided by EPA
for all modeling runs. Separate BER files were created for each control scenario and
broad-based area (e.g., Ozone Transport Region (OTR) vs. non-OTR). The first three
letters of the BER file describes the area. "NTR" indicates a non-OTR region, "OTR"
indicates an OTR region, "HAL" indicates a high-altitude region, and "CA" indicates
California. The next letters in the prefix of the BER file describe whether it is an area
with an inspection and maintenance program. Table 6-5 indicates which of these area and
I/M prefixes are used for each urban area and geographical region in this study, while
Table 6-16 presented later in this section shows which alternate BER file suffixes (i.e.,
the "*" in Table 6-5) were used for each year and control scenario. Copies of the BER
files are given in Appendix A.
For model year 2001 and later light-duty vehicles, three sets of BERs were developed for
each level of control: (1) baseline (including NLEV for LDGVs and LDGTls), (2) Tier 2
standards, and (3) more stringent standards reflective of a 0.055 g/mi NMHC standard.
These emission rates, which were provided by EPA, are summarized in Table 6-6 for an
I/M case. That table also shows the BERs for the two HDGV cases: (1) baseline
(reflecting a combined 2.5 g/bhp-hr HC+NOx standard in 2004), and (2) a control case
(i.e., Scenario 7). The HDGV base emission rates assume that the impacts of I/M are
included in the 2004+ model year BERs, and that off-cycle and sulfur effects are also
included in the BERs. Thus, no separate adjustment was made for these effects when
modeling HDGV emissions. Finally, the HDGV control case assumed that this class
would be certified to evaporative emission standards equivalent to LDGT2s. Thus,
evaporative emission rates from LDGT2s were assigned to the HDGV category when
evaluating the impacts of the control case.
-71-
-------
Table 6-5
BER Input File Prefix Used for Each Study Area
Urban / Geographical Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
Western Washington / Oregon
Idaho / Montana / Wyoming
Utah / New Mexico / Nevada
ND/SD/NB/IA/KS/Westem MO
OK/AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
Florida
Northeast States - No I/M, No RFG
Northeast States - I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - No I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - I/M, RFG
Northern MI/WI
Northern California
Southern California
Northeast - No I/M, RFG
West Lexas
2020 BER File Prefix
NTR_IM*.BER
NTR_IM*.BER
DNV_IM*.BER
NTR_IM*.BER
NTR_NO*.BER
(for 1996 only, used NTR_IM*.BER)
OTR_IM*.BER
OTR_IM*.BER
NTR_IM*.BER
NTR_IM*.BER
NLR_IM*.BER
NLR_IM*.BER
HAL_NO*.BER
HAL_IM*.BER
NLR_NO*.BER
NLR_NO*.BER
NLR IM*.BER
(for 1990, usedNLR_NO*.BER)
OLR_NO*.BER
OLR_IM*.BER
NLR_NO*.BER
NLR_IM*.BER
NLR_IM*.BER
NLR_NO*.BER
CA_IM*.BER
CA_IM*.BER
OLR_NO*.BER
NLR NO*.BER
-72-
-------
Insert Table 6-6
Inspection and Maintenance (T/M) Program Parameters - For LDGVs and LDGTs, the I/M
program benefit for 1981 and newer vehicles is included in the alternate BERs.
Therefore, it was only necessary to determine the I/M parameters in 1990 and 1996 for
the LDGVs and LDGTs. (These vehicles are no longer in the fleet in the 2007 and 2020
modeling runs.) For HDGVs, the I/M program benefit for 2004 and newer vehicles is
included in the alternate BERs. The I/M program parameters were determined from
several sources. The first source was the Trends input files developed by E.H. Pechan.
Two pieces of information were also provided by EPA, including the following:
• An internal document listing I/M test type for each city and calendar year;15 and
• A table outlining primary modeling elements for operating I/M programs
throughout the U.S.16
These three sources of information were used to determine the I/M program parameters
for this study. The I/M program parameters included the start year of the program, test
type, model years tested, vehicles tested, test frequency, test facility, waiver rates, and
compliance rate.
-73-
-------
Table 6-6
Revised FTP-Based NMHC BERs Used for Control Cases
I/M Areas - "0.055" Case and HDGV Control Case Reflect 30 onm Sulfur Fuel
Vehicle
Class
LDGV
LDGT1
LDGT2
HDGV
Control
Case
Base/NLEV
Tier 2
"0.055"
Base/NLEV
Tier 2
"0.055"
Base
Tier 2
"0.055"
Base
Control
(Sc#7)
Model
Year
2001+
2004+
2004+
2001+
2004+
2004+
1997+
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009+
2004+
1998-2003
2004-2006
2007+
1998-2003
2004-2006
2007+
ZM
(g/mi)
0.055
0.055
0.024
0.062
0.055
0.024
0.181
0.085
0.089
0.083
0.077
0.066
0.055
0.024
0.533
0.156
0.117
0.507
0.129
0.097
DR1
(g/mi/lOK)
0.012
0.012
0.008
0.013
0.012
0.008
0.029
0.016
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.012
0.008
0.024
0.010
0.007
0.023
0.009
0.006
DR2
(g/mi/lOK)
0.013
0.013
0.011
0.015
0.014
0.011
0.024
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.012
Flex Point
(10,000 mi)
14.636
14.636
13.198
17.195
16.611
16.611
13.926
13.046
12.593
13.593
14.450
16.333
17.989
16.777
Note that the HDGV base
emission rates are in terms
of g/bhp-hr for the ZM and
g/bhp-hr/lOKfortheDR.
-------
Start year - For the ten urban areas, the Trends input files for the original I/M program
start year were used to determine the I/M program start year. The only exception was for
Minnesota's I/M program. According to the Trends input files, the program started in
1990; however, it was determined, based on information from the Minnesota DEQ, that
the program actually started in July 1991. For each city, the same I/M program start year
was used for all four calendar years of evaluation.
For the 16 geographical areas, the start year was also determined from the Trends input
files. Each of the Trends files within an area was examined to determine the start year. If
the start years differed, an average start year was determined between them. For example,
the start year in Oregon was 1976 and the start year in Washington was 1983; therefore,
the average program start year was determined to be 1980.
Test type - For the ten urban areas, information provided by EPA was used to determine
the test type. The only change to this information is in Minneapolis for calendar year
1990. According to information from EPA, there was an I/M program in 1990.
However, as noted above, the I/M program did not start until July 1991. Thus, the 1990
runs performed for this analysis did not include an I/M program. For the 16 geographical
areas, the Trends files were used to determine the test type. Wherever the test types
disagreed with each other, the EPA information was consulted to determine which test
type to use. Table 6-7 shows the I/M test types used in this analysis. The table shows the
test type used for the 1980 and older LDGVs and LDGTs in 1990 and 1996 as well as the
test type used for 2003 and older HDGVs in the areas that had a program for HDGVs.
Model years tested - For the model years covered in each I/M program, the information
provided in the Trends files was used. However, for LDGVs and LDGTs newer than
1980, the I/M program benefit was included in the alternate BERs. Therefore, the I/M
program in these input files was specified to include only 1980 and older LDGVs and
LDGTs. Similarly, I/M program impacts were included in the alternate BERs for 2004
and newer model year HDGVs. Thus, for areas that have HDGVs in the I/M program, the
MOBILE input files were structured such that the newest model year tested for this
vehicle class was 2003. Pre-2004 model years were assigned the default I/M benefits
calculated by MOBILE.
Test facility, test frequency, and vehicles tested- For these three parameters, the
information was determined from the Trends input files. For the 16 geographical areas,
there was occasionally a discrepancy between the parameters in the files for each area.
When this occurred, EPA's sources of I/M information were consulted to determine the
parameters.
Stringency, waiver rates, and compliance rates - The Trends input files were the only
source of information that contained any specific information about these three input
parameters. Again, for the 16 geographical areas, there were sometimes differences
among those parameters. When this was the case, an average value was calculated for
these parameters.
-74-
-------
Table 6-7
I/M Test Type Information
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
Western WA/OR
ID/MT/ WY
UT/NM/NV
ND/SD/NB/IA/KS/
Western MO
AR/MS/AL/SC/
Northern LA
Florida
Northeast States -
No I/M, No RFG
Northeast States -
I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley -
No F/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley -
I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley -
I/M, RFG
Northern MI/WI
Northern
California
Southern
California
Northeast - No
I/M, RFG
West Texas
1990
LDGV/Ts
No I/M
Idle
Idle
NoFM
NoFM
Idle
Idle
Idle
Idle
Idle
Idle
NoFM
Idle
NoFM
NoFM
NoFM
NoFM
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
No I/M
2-Speed
Idle
2-Speed
Idle
NoFM
NoFM
1990
HDGVs
No I/M
Idle
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
NoFM
2-Speed
Idle
2-Speed
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
1996
LDGV/Ts
NoFM
Idle
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
Idle
Idle
Idle
Idle
Idle
NoFM
Idle
NoFM
NoFM
Idle
NoFM
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
No I/M
2-Speed
Idle
2-Speed
Idle
NoFM
NoFM
1996
HDGVs
No I/M
Idle
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
2-Speed
Idle
2-Speed
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
2007
HDGVs
No I/M
Idle
Idle
Idle
NoFM
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
2-Speed
Idle
2-Speed
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
2020
HDGVs
No I/M
Idle
Idle
Idle
NoFM
Idle
NoFM
Idle
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
No I/M
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
2-Speed
Idle
2-Speed
Idle
No I/M
No I/M
-75-
-------
Table 6-8 summarizes the source of information that determined each of the I/M program
parameters for this study. The I/M parameters for 2007 and 2020 are only for HDGVs
because all of the LDGVs and LDGTs I/M benefits are included in the alternate BERs.
Table 6-8
I/M Program Parameters Information Sources by Calendar Year
Parameter
Model Years
Covered
Test type
Start Year,
Stringency,
Waiver Rates,
and Compliance
Rate
Test Facility,
Test Frequency,
and Vehicles
Tested
Calendar
Years
1990, 1996,
2007, and
2020
1990, 1996,
2007, and
2020
1990, 1996,
2007, and
2020
1990
1996
2007 and
2020
Source
Trends input files and information from EPA memo
concerning alternate credit files and alternate BERs.13
Trends files and information provided by Dave
Sosnowski.14
Trends input files.
Trends input files.
Trends input files and information provided by Buddy
Polovick 15
Information provided by Buddy Polovick15
Evaporative System Functional Checks - One aspect of I/M that has been evolving over
the last several years is related to evaporative system functional checks. The practical
implementation of pressure and purge functional checks has had mixed success, and
many areas of the country are now considering a functional check of only the gas cap,
instead of the entire evaporative system.
For this study, evaporative control system functional checks in each area were modeled as
shown in Table 6-9. That table shows a breakdown of pressure, purge, and gas cap tests
for each city and calendar year used in this modeling. Two model year distinctions are
made in the table. That is because 1997 and newer model year vehicles are equipped with
enhanced evaporative control systems and onboard diagnostic (OBD) systems. (The
phase-in of these requirements actually spans several model years - 1997 was chosen as a
midpoint.) For this analysis, it was assumed that OBD would result in the identification
and repair of malfunctioning evaporative control systems that would be on par with the
pressure and purge test. At this point, however, this assumption is very subjective and
may overstate the benefits of the OBD system. Currently, very few data exist on the in-
-76-
-------
use performance of OBD systems and the response of consumers to malfunction
identification. In addition, it is likely that the failure rates of vehicles certified to the
-77-
-------
Table 6-9
I/M Evap Checks by Year and Study Area
Area
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York City
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
Atlanta
Washington /
Oregon
Northern
California
Southern
California
Idaho / Montana /
Wyoming
Utah / New Mexico /
Nevada
ND/SD/NB/IA/
KS / Western MO
AR / MS / AL /
SC / Northern LA
Florida
Northeast - No I/M,
No RFC
Northeast - I/M,
No RFC
Northeast - No I/M,
RFC
Model Year
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Functional Evap Checks by Calendar Year
1990
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
1996
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
2007 1 2020
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Pressure
Pressure/Purge
Pressure
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
None
None
None
Pressure/Purge
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Pressure
Pressure/Purge
Pressure
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
None
None
None
Pressure/Purge
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
-78-
-------
Table 6-9
I/M Evap Checks by Year and Study Area
Area
Ohio Valley - No
I/M,
No RFC
Ohio Valley - I/M,
No RFC
Ohio Valley - I/M,
RFC
Northern MI / WI
West Texas
Model Year
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Pre-97
1997+
Functional Evap Checks by Calendar Year
1990
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
1996
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
2007
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
None
None
2020
None
None
Cap
Pressure/Purge
Cap
Pressure/Purge
None
None
None
None
enhanced evaporative emission standards will decrease relative to the default values in
MOBILESb. Again, however, no data exist on the in-use performance of these systems.
For areas without an I/M program in the future it was assumed that there is no benefit
conferred by OBD.
For pre-1997 vehicles, a gas cap only or pressure test is specified in Table 6-9, which is
based on information received from EPA.15 A gas cap test was modeled as a 40% benefit
of a full pressure test. The test frequency for both the pressure and purge tests was
modeled as annual or biennial, depending on the inspection frequency of the I/M program
modeled for the area.
Stage II Refueling Controls - Consistent with the MOBILESb model, MOBTOXSb
requires the user to input efficiency levels for areas that have Sage n refueling controls.
Although on-board refueling vapor recovery systems will be in place on the majority of
vehicles in the 2007 and 2020 runs, it is important to properly characterize Stage II
efficiency in the 1990 and 1996 runs, as that is the only means of refueling control in
those calendar years. Information on Stage n programs and effectiveness was provided
by Sierra based on a study performed for the American Automobile Manufacturers
Association in 1993.17 Table 6-10 summarizes the Stage II program efficiencies for each
city and calendar year that were used in the input files for this study.
Local Area Parameter Record and Scenario Record Inputs - The information for the
parameters in the LAP record and the scenario record in each input file came from several
sources. The minimum and maximum daily temperatures were taken from the Trends
input files for 1990 and 1996. The 1996 temperatures were used for 2007 and 2020 as
well as for 1996. For the 16 geographical areas, an average minimum and maximum
temperature was calculated based on the temperature values in all of the Trends files
considered for an area. (The only exception is the UT/NM/NV geographical area. The
-79-
-------
temperatures from the Nevada Trends files were not used in the minimum and maximum
average calculations because of the very high summer temperatures in Southern Nevada.
Since that area was mapped to Phoenix for the nationwide calculations, it was not used to
establish temperatures for the UT/NM/NV region.)
-80-
-------
Table 6-10
Stage II Efficiencies by City and Calendar Year
Estimated Stage II Vapor Recovery Efficiency (%)
Area
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
Atlanta
Washington / Oregon
Idaho
Utah
North Dakota
Oklahoma
Florida
Northeast - No I/M, No RFG
Northeast - I/M, No RFG
Northeast - No I/M, RFG
Ohio Valley - No I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - I/M, No RFG
Ohio Valley - I/M, RFG
Michigan
Northern California
Southern California
West Texas
Estimated Stage II Vapor Recovery Efficiency (%)
1990
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
82.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
85.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
91.5
92.0
0.0
1996
85.5
0.0
76.7
0.0
85.5
80.2
80.2
0.0
85.5
85.5
80.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
57.8
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
85.5
91.5
92.0
76.7
2007
85.5
0.0
85.5
0.0
85.5
80.2
80.2
0.0
85.5
85.5
80.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
57.8
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
85.5
91.5
92.0
76.7
2020
85.5
0.0
85.5
0.0
85.5
80.2
80.2
0.0
85.5
85.5
80.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
57.8
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.2
85.5
91.5
92.0
76.7
Based on correspondence with EPA, it was determined that the temperatures for Winter,
Spring, Summer, and Fall came from the Trends runs for January, April, July, and
October for each year, respectively. The spring and summer months were evaluated for
the current calendar year (e.g., 1990 for 1990, 1996 for 1996) using a July-based run; the
winter evaluation was performed for the current calendar year based on a January
evaluation date; and the fall evaluation was performed for the next calendar year (e.g.,
1991 for 1990, 1997 for 1996) using a January evaluation date.
-81-
-------
The RVP levels were determined from the fuel properties provided to Sierra by EPA.
These RVP levels were provided for each area and year. An average speed of 19.6 mph
was used in consultation with EPA. Finally, the operating mode fractions for VMT
accumulated by non-catalyst vehicles in cold start mode, catalyst-equipped vehicles in
hot-start mode, and catalyst-equipped vehicles in cold-start mode were determined from
the Trends input files.
Area-Specific Toxic-TOG Curves
In addition to the standard MOBILE inputs described above, the toxic-TOG curves
described in Section 4 of this report had to be generated for each fuel and control
scenario. Toxic-TOG curves were generated for the following:
• Baseline fuel for 1990, 1996, and 2007/2020;
• 30 ppm sulfur fuel for 2007/2020;
• Benzene cap and 25% toxics reduction performance standard control scenarios
for 2007/2020;
• Summer vs. winter;
• 10 modeled urban areas; and
• 16 geographic regions.
As described in Section 4, the toxic-TOG curves for each fuel were based on relationships
developed by EPA and on results from the Complex model. The fuel parameters used in
this analysis were provided by EPA and are summarized in Table 6-11 for the 1996 base
year. The remaining fuel parameters used in this study are included in Appendix I of this
report, and Appendix J contains a description (provided by EPA) of how these parameters
were developed. From these fuel specifications, TOG and toxic emission rates were
developed for normal- and high-emitting vehicles as a function of technology type, and a
FORTRAN routine was written to compile the technology-based results into model-year-
specific factors for use in the MOBTOXSb model. A sample output from that routine is
given in Appendix K for the 2007 Phoenix baseline summertime fuel scenario.
EPA compiled the fuel parameters in Table 6-11 and Appendix I from a number of
different sources. For the 1990 and 1996 calendar years, the fuel properties for Atlanta,
Chicago, Denver, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Phoenix, and St. Louis came
from fuel surveys conducted by the American Automobile Manufacturers Association
(AAMA). The Houston fuel properties were from surveys conducted by the National
Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER). For Spokane, AAMA survey
results from Billings, Montana, were used as a surrogate, and it was assumed that the
Spokane oxygenated fuel requirement in 1996 was met by splash blending with ethanol.
For the 16 regions evaluated in this study, the fuel parameter data were compiled from
NIPER survey data.
-82-
-------
Projections for future years were based on refinery modeling performed by EPA using the
1996 fuel properties in each area as a basis. If no new fuel programs were implemented,
the baseline 2007 and 2020 fuels were assumed to be the same as 1996. For RFG areas,
-83-
-------
Table 6-11
1996 Baseline Fuel Specifications
Area
Atlanta
Atlanta
Chicago
Chicago
Denver
Denver
Houston
Houston
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
New York
New York
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Phoenix
Spokane
Spokane
St. Louis
St. Louis
Western WA/OR - Win 95/96
Western WA/OR - Win 95/96
Western WA/OR - Win 96/97
Western WA/OR - Win 96/97
Northern California
Northern California
Southern California
Southern California
ID/MT/WY
ID/MT/WY
UT/NM/NV
UT/NM/NV
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
Florida
Florida
Northeast-NoRFG
Northeast-NoRFG
Northeast-RFG
Northeast-RFG
OhioValley-NoRFG
OhioValley-NoRFG
Ohio Valley-RFG
Ohio Valley-RFG
Northern MI/WI
Northern MI/WI
Abbrev.
AT
AT
CH
CH
DN
DN
HS
HS
MN
MN
NY
NY
PA
PA
PX
PX
SP
SP
SL
SL
WA
WA
WB
WB
CN
CN
CS
CS
ID
ID
UT
UT
ND
ND
SE
SE
FL
FL
NN
NN
NR
NR
ON
ON
OR
OR
Ml
Ml
Year
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
Season
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Scenario
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
RVP, ps I Aromatics
7.2
12.4
7.9
14.0
8.8
13.6
7.1
12.8
9.6
14.9
8.0
13.2
7.9
13.5
6.8
8.7
8.7
14.8
6.8
13.6
8.0
13.6
8.0
13.4
6.9
10.5
7.0
10.6
8.5
13.5
8.0
14.4
8.3
13.4
7.7
12.2
7.6
12.1
8.6
13.2
7.9
12.5
8.7
14.1
7.8
12.9
8.5
14.0
32.1
24.8
26.0
22.4
27.1
21.9
27.4
21.1
28.2
23.4
28.6
23.3
29.0
25.4
36.1
34.3
28.5
18.6
29.9
23.8
35.7
27.5
35.7
29.4
24.4
20.1
20.7
17.7
28.3
22.8
30.7
20.4
29.0
22.4
30.7
24.5
33.6
24.6
28.1
23.8
24.7
19.7
30.2
25.5
27.3
18.9
28.4
25.3
Olefins Benzene %
11.2
13.0
9.7
7.8
8.8
9.2
13.0
12.8
7.3
5.3
17.1
16.6
12.3
10.2
6.8
7.1
8.3
6.9
12.0
11.4
6.7
6.3
6.7
5.8
3.5
2.1
4.3
3.5
8.1
6.4
10.6
8.3
8.0
6.8
13.2
13.0
10.1
12.8
12.4
16.2
11.7
9.6
10.4
8.8
8.1
8.8
9.1
8.4
0.87
0.77
0.96
0.80
1.33
0.94
0.71
0.70
1.81
1.65
0.51
0.47
0.80
0.63
1.07
1.40
1.32
0.97
0.70
0.89
2.17
1.81
2.17
1.81
0.56
0.52
0.52
0.57
1.64
1.40
1.75
1.14
1.33
1.12
0.84
0.81
0.79
0.82
1.03
0.73
0.65
0.66
1.24
1.04
0.99
0.97
1.32
1.46
Sulfur
343
447
492
523
296
350
261
224
121
70
231
267
367
337
118
216
412
350
492
535
256
342
256
345
26
30
10
31
318
252
207
106
229
224
349
271
280
289
308
222
234
265
334
310
300
355
277
206
E200 %
36.9
51.2
50.2
58.0
50.1
62.1
47.8
59.9
59.4
62.3
49.8
57.5
51.2
59.3
45.7
50.2
45.0
59.8
39.0
52.7
44.0
58.8
44.0
52.7
49.3
54.4
51.0
56.3
46.8
53.7
45.2
72.2
45.4
56.0
38.8
50.5
40.3
50.5
43.2
52.2
50.5
59.1
45.3
54.0
45.5
59.4
49.0
57.6
E300 % MTBE % ETBE % EtOH % TAME %
79.8
82.7
80.8
83.9
83.1
88.1
79.8
83.8
84.6
89.1
81.5
85.7
81.8
85.9
76.2
82.6
81.4
87.1
78.8
82.6
82.4
84.5
82.4
84.0
89.9
90.8
86.8
88.6
84.6
84.6
83.6
85.2
81.8
85.0
78.1
82.3
79.4
82.7
80.7
83.3
82.4
87.0
80.3
82.6
81.1
88.4
80.9
83.1
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.8
7.9
0.0
0.0
10.6
14.5
11.3
8.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
9.1
10.5
11.0
11.6
0.5
0.5
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
1.5
0.8
10.9
10.5
0.9
0.4
9.5
10.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
9.0
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
9.4
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.2
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.3
1.7
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.2
0.0
0.0
2.8
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
adjustments for the more stringent Phase II requirements (which begin in calendar year
2000) were made. To meet the Phase IIRFG oxygen requirements (2.1 percent by
weight), ethanol was assumed to be blended into gasoline at 6.1 volume percent, MTBE
at 11.8 volume percent, or ETBE at 13.7 volume percent. Note that for older technology
vehicles, ETBE-specific equations were not available, and equations developed for
ethanol were used instead. This occurs only in the 2007 and 2020 summertime Chicago
runs, and the impact is very slight, since older technology vehicles have been removed
from the fleet by that time (except for the heavy-duty gasoline vehicle class). As noted
above, a more complete description of the development of fuel specification data is
contained in Appendix J of this report.
Area-Specific Evaporative Benzene and MTBE Fractions
The methodology described in Section 4 to determine benzene and MTBE evaporative
fractions was applied to the fuel data in Table 6-11 and Appendix I. Because the same
fractions are applied to all technologies, the evaporative input file for the MOBTOXSb
runs consists of only two lines of data: one reflecting benzene fractions and one
reflecting MTBE fractions. These fractions are applied to the TOG emissions from the
appropriate evaporative process (e.g., hot soak, diurnal, etc.). A sample evaporative
fraction input file for 2007 Phoenix baseline summertime fuel is provided in Appendix L.
Input File Development
All of the area-specific inputs (the MOBILES flags, registration fractions, VMT mix, I/M
program parameters, etc.) were entered into a Microsoft Access database. Several
different tables were created in the database, one for each group of input parameters (e.g.,
one table for input flags, another for I/M parameters). Once all values had been entered,
each of the inputs was checked for accuracy.
Input File "Builder" Routine - In order to transfer the information from the Access table
to the ASCII MOBTOXSb input files, Radian/ERG developed an input file "builder"
routine in a Visual Basic module in Access. This Visual Basic module read in the
information from each table, created an input file for each city, year, season, and control
scenario, and wrote the relevant information from the Access tables into the correct
format in the input file. The automated process of developing the input files reduced the
number of times that parameters needed to be typed into an ASCII file and significantly
reduced the risk of transcription errors. Appendix M shows an example input file (a
selected file for Phoenix) that was developed by the input file "builder" routine.
Modeling Runs - Once the input files were built for each city, year, season, and control
scenario, the modified MOBTOXSb model was run for each file. An output file from the
model is contained in Appendix N, which shows the results based on the Phoenix input
file presented in Appendix M. A FORTRAN program was developed to process the
output files and condense the results into one large data file for later computation of
toxics exposure described in Section 8 of this report.
-85-
-------
PARTS Input Files
The PARTS input files were developed using many of the same sources that were used
for the Toxics input files. The registration fractions used for the MOBTOXSb model
were also used for the PARTS input files. The registration fractions and mileage
accumulation rates for HDDVs were used for each of the heavy-duty vehicle classes in
PARTS.
The VMT mixes from the Toxics inputs were also used for the PARTS input files. The
HDDV VMT fraction was broken down into the five VMT fractions (2BHDDV,
LHDDV, MHDDV, HHDDV, and buses) using the ratios that were included in the
examples in the PARTS User's Guide (i.e., standard model output). For example, the
1996 VMT fraction for HDDV was 0.055. This number was broken down into five VMT
fractions based on the ratios of 15.8%, 1.6%, 22.2%, 54.0%, and 6.4% for 2BHDDV,
LHDDV, MHDDV, HHDDV, and buses, respectively. The resulting VMT fractions were
0.009, 0.001, 0.012, 0.030, and 0.003 for each of these vehicle classes.
Results from the PARTS runs were also summarized into a single output file for later use
in the exposure and risk analyses.
Revised BERs-Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles - Revised base emission rates were modified
in the PARTS model based on information developed by EPA during the Tier 2 study.
For light-duty Diesel vehicles, Radian/ERG modified the block data used in PARTS to
incorporate the emission rates shown in Table 6-12. Emission factors for Tier 2 vehicles
are summarized in Table 6-13. The model year designation variable, IDIEYR, and the
emission factor variable, EPDPM, were modified in PARTS Block Data 4. Table 6-13
also shows the PM emission factors for light-duty trucks under the increased light-duty
Diesel penetration scenario (Scenario 3). Table 6-14 shows the percentage of LDT1/2 (0
to 6,000 Ibs GVW) and LDT3/4 (6,000 to 8,500 Ibs GVW) assumed in the increased
light-duty Diesel truck penetration scenario. In the base scenario, light-duty Diesel
vehicles are considered to include only LDT 3/4s.
Table 6-12
Baseline LDDV and LDDT PM Emission Factors
Model Year
Pre-1980
1981
1982-1984
1985-1986
1987
1988-1990
1991
1992-1993
1994-1995
LDDV (g/mi)
0.675
0.234
0.230
0.229
0.109
0.109
0.105
0.107
0.128
LDDT (g/mi)
0.670
0.278
0.324
0.327
0.303
0.261
0.264
0.264
0.130
-86-
-------
Table 6-12
Baseline LDDV and LDDT PM Emission Factors
1996 0.10 0.130
1997+ 010 0109
Table 6-13
Tier 2 LDDV and LDDT PM Emission Factors
Model Year
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009+
LDDV (g/mi)
0.065
0.030
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
LDDT (g/mi)
0.056
0.043
0.033
0.022
0.016
0.011
Inc. Diesel Penetration
LDDT (g/mi)
0.057
0.047
0.038
0.017
0.013
0.011
Table 6-14
Phase-In Schedule for Light-Duty Diesel Trucks
Model Year
Pre-2000
2001-2005
2006
2007
2008
2009+
LDDT1/2
0%
14%
36%
48%
54%
62%
LDDT3/4
100%
86%
64%
52%
46%
38%
Revised BERs-Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles - The PARTS model was modified to reflect
the change in heavy-duty emission rates with the implementation of future emission
standards. Table 6-15 shows the PARTS emission factor for various heavy-duty classes.
The applicable 1994+ emission standard for the existing PARTS emission rates is
0.1 g/bhp-hr for all heavy-duty classes except buses, for which the rate is 0.07 g/bhp-hr.
At the direction of the Work Assignment Manager, two sets of future emission standards
for modeling heavy-duty Diesel PM emissions were selected: 0.05 g/bhp-hr and
0.01 g/bhp-hr starting in 2007. The emission rates in PARTS were modified by the ratio
of the projected standard to the existing standard and are shown in Table 6-15.
Input File Summary
Table 6-16 summarizes, by task and by scenario, the individual files that were used to
create the MOBTOXSb input files for this study. For each model run, separate files for
-87-
-------
base emission rates, off-cycle effects, toxic-TOG exhaust curves, and toxic-TOG
evaporative curves had to be specified. In addition, different PARTS runs were needed
for the various scenarios, as also outlined in Table 6-16. Although not discussed above,
Section 13 of this report contains a sensitivity analysis of the modeling prepared for this
study. The files and scenarios referred to under Task 8 in Table 6-16 were developed for
the sensitivity analysis. Those scenarios are discussed at length in Section 13.
Table 6-15
Heavy-Duty Diesel PARTS Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr)
for Future Heavy-Duty Emission Standards
(2007+ Model Year)
Vehicle Type
2BHDDV
LHDDV
MHDDV
HHDDV
BUS
Current
BERs
0.1011
0.1011
0.0948
0.0836
0 0591
0.05 g/bhp-hr
Standard
0.0506
0.0506
0.0474
0.0418
00422
0.01 g/bhp-hr
Standard
0.0101
0.0101
0.0095
0.0084
00084
-88-
-------
Table 6-16
Summary of Scenarios and Files Used in Toxics Model Runs
Task
1 and 2
3
4
5
6
8
Scenario
B - Baseline
1 - 30 ppm S
2 - 30 ppm S +
Tier 2
3 - Seen 2 with
Inc. Diesel
4 - Benzene Cap
5-RFGPerfStd
6-0.055NMHC
8-HDDV0.01 g/bhp-hr
9-HDDV0.05g/bhp-hr
7-HDGVStd
D - 2X Det. Rates
N - Minimum fuel
parameters
X- Maximum fuel
parameters
T - MVRATS
Baseline
U - MVRATS
30 ppm S
V - MVRATS
30 ppm S + Tier 2
R - Default regs.
30 ppm S + Tier 2
M - Def. regs & mileage
30 ppm S + Tier 2
Cal Year
1990
1996
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
1990
1996
2007
2020
1996
1996
1990
1996
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
2007
2020
BERs
* b.BER
* b.BER
* b.BER
*_b.BER
* b.BER
*_b.BER
* c.BER
*_c.BER
* d.BER
*_d.BER
* c.BER
*_c.BER
* c.BER
*_c.BER
* 5.BER
*_5.BER
—
* h.BER
Mi.BER
•2XDR.BER
•2XDR.BER
•2XDR.BER
•2XDR.BER
*_b.BER
*_b.BER
* b.BER
* b.BER
* b.BER
*_b.BER
* b.BER
*_b.BER
* c.BER
*_c.BER
* c.BER
*_c.BER
* c.BER
*_c.BER
Off-Cycle
*90b.OFF
*96b.OFF
*07b.OFF
*20b.OFF
*07b.OFF
*20b.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
•075.0FF
•205.0FF
—
—
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
*90b.OFF
*96b.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
*96b.OFF
*96b.OFF
*90b.OFF
*96b.OFF
*07b.OFF
*20b.OFF
*07b.OFF
*20b.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
*07c.OFF
*20c.OFF
Tox-TOG EXH
*90*b b.EXH
*96*b b.EXH
*07*b b.EXH
*07*b_b.EXH
*07*3 b.EXH
*07*3_b.EXH
*07*3 t.EXH
WSJ. EXH
*07*3 t.EXH
*07*3_t.EXH
*07*Z t.EXH
*07*Z_t.EXH
*07*R t.EXH
*07*R_t.EXH
*07*3 5.EXH
*07*3_5.EXH
—
*07*3 t.EXH
*07*3_t.EXH
*90*b b.EXH
*96*b b.EXH
*07*3 t.EXH
*07*3_t.EXH
*96*n_b.EXH
*96*x_b.EXH
*90*b b.ATS
*96*b b.ATS
*07*b b.ATS
*07*b_b.ATS
*07*3 b.ATS
*07*3_b.ATS
*07*3 t.ATS
*07*3_t.ATS
*07*3 t.EXH
*07*3_t.EXH
*07*3 t.EXH
WSJ. EXH
Tox-TOG EVP
*90*b.EVP
*96*b.EVP
*07*b.EVP
*07*b.EVP
*07*3.EVP
*07*3.EVP
*07*3. EVP
*07*3. EVP
W3.EVP
W3.EVP
WZ.EVP
WZ.EVP
*07*3. EVP
W3.EVP
*07*3. EVP
W3.EVP
—
W3.EVP
W3.EVP
*90*b.EVP
*96*b.EVP
W3.EVP
W3.EVP
*96*n.EVP
*96*x.EVP
*90*b.EVP
*96*b.EVP
*07*b.EVP
*07*b.EVP
*07*3.EVP
*07*3. EVP
*07*3. EVP
W3.EVP
W3.EVP
*07*3. EVP
W3.EVP
*07*3. EVP
PartS
P5Base.exe
P5Base.exe
P5Base.exe
P5Base.exe
P5Base.exe
P5Base.exe
P5T2.exe
P5T2.exe
P5T2dp.exe
P5T2dp.exe
—
—
P5HD01.exe
P5HD01.exe
P5HD05.exe
P5HD05.exe
—
—
—
—
—
...
...
—
—
-------
###
7. URBAN AREA MOTOR VEHICLE
TOXICS EMISSIONS ESTIMATES
Using the methodologies and models described above, estimates of on-road motor vehicle
toxics emission rates were prepared for benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde,
1,3-butadiene, MTBE, and Diesel PM. As described in the preceding section, emission
rates were generated for each quarter and for each vehicle class. In addition, annual
average estimates were prepared by taking the mean of the quarterly results. Consistent
with the requirements of this study, toxics emissions estimates were prepared for
(a) calendar years 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020; (b) baseline emission factors and fuels
(for all calendar years); (c) nine control scenarios (for 2007 and 2020); and (d) ten urban
areas.
The results from the emissions modeling are presented below in three main sections:
(1) gasoline sulfur and light-duty vehicle controls (Scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 6); (2) fuel
controls (Scenarios 4 and 5); and (3) heavy-duty vehicle controls (Scenarios 7, 8, and 9).
Gasoline Sulfur and Light-Duty Vehicle Controls
Annual-Average Impacts - The first set of emissions results presented in this section
include estimates of the impacts of a national cap on gasoline sulfur level and more
stringent emission standards for light-duty vehicles (gasoline and Diesel). Annual
average emission results for the fleet (i.e., all vehicle classes combined) are given in
Tables 7-1 through 7-6 for benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, MTBE,
and Diesel PM, respectively, for the following control scenarios:
Scenario 0 - baseline emission factors (including the NLEV program) and fuels;
Scenario 1 - baseline emission factors with a national 30 ppm gasoline sulfur
limit;
• Scenario 2 - Scenario 1 with more stringent (i.e., Tier 2) emission standards for
2004 and later model year light-duty cars and trucks;
Scenario 3 - Scenario 2 with increased Diesel light-duty truck and light-duty
vehicle penetration; and
-90-
-------
Scenario 6 - Scenario 2 with even more stringent light-duty vehicle emission
standards equivalent to 0.055 g/mi NMHC.
Table 7-1 and 7-2
-91-
-------
Table 7-1
Annual Average On-Road Motor Vehicle Benzene Emission Rates
for Atlanta and Chicago
(Units: mg/mi)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Calendar Year
1990
104.4
___
___
___
—
94.2
___
___
___
—
1996
58.4
___
___
___
—
45.3
___
___
___
—
2007
24.6
21.8
21.3
20.9
20.7
20.8
19.5
19.0
18.6
18.4
2020
16.4
14.3
11.9
10.5
9.5
14.0
12.9
10.6
9.3
8.5
Table 7-2
Annual Average On-Road Motor Vehicle Acetaldehyde Emission Rates
for Atlanta and Chicago
(Units: mg/mi)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Calendar Year
1990
17.5
___
___
___
—
15.1
___
___
___
—
1996
9.1
___
___
___
—
14.0
___
___
___
—
2007
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.3
6.9
6.4
6.2
6.2
6.1
2020
2.8
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.2
4.9
4.5
3.9
3.7
3.4
-------
Table 7-3
Annual Average On-Road Motor Vehicle Formaldehyde Emission Rates
for Atlanta and Chicago
(Units: mg/mi)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Calendar Year
1990
57.2
___
___
___
—
48.1
___
___
___
—
1996
28.1
___
___
___
—
22.4
___
___
___
—
2007
9.6
9.2
9.1
9.3
8.9
10.8
10.4
10.2
10.4
10.0
2020
7.5
7.2
6.6
6.8
6.1
8.3
7.9
7.2
7.4
6.5
Table 7-4
Annual Average On-Road Motor Vehicle 1,3-Butadiene Emission Rates
for Atlanta and Chicago
(Units: mg/mi)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Calendar Year
1990
15.9
___
___
___
—
12.8
___
___
___
—
1996
8.4
___
___
___
—
5.6
___
___
___
—
2007
3.5
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2020
2.6
2.3
2.0
1.9
1.5
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.3
-------
Table 7-5
Annual Average On-Road Motor Vehicle MTBE Emission Rates
for Atlanta and Chicago
(Units: mg/mi)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Calendar Year
1990
0.0
___
___
___
—
0.0
___
___
___
—
1996
3.7
___
___
___
—
0.0
___
___
___
—
2007
1.3
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2020
0.8
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Table 7-6
Annual Average On-Road Motor Vehicle Diesel PM Emission Rates
for Atlanta and Chicago
(Units: mg/mi)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Calendar Year
1990
88.4
___
___
___
—
91.7
___
___
___
—
1996
40.9
___
___
___
—
36.6
___
___
___
—
2007
19.0
19.0
19.0
20.7
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
20.7
19.0
2020
16.0
16.0
15.5
17.3
15.5
16.0
16.0
15.5
17.3
15.5
-------
Because of the voluminous nature of these estimates, results are presented only for
Atlanta (a non-RFG area) and Chicago (an RFG area); the complete set of toxics emission
rates, including the vehicle-class-specific values and the seasonal estimates, is contained
in Volume n of this report.
Reviewing the fleet-average toxics emission factors in Tables 7-1 to 7-6, the following
observations can be made:
• Significant reductions in fleet-average toxics emissions are observed between
1990 and 2020 with no further vehicle or fuel controls. This is a result of fleet-
turnover resulting in full implementation of the federal emission control
regulations currently on the books.
• Because it is assumed that gasoline dispensed in Chicago will use either ETBE
or ethanol as an oxygenate, MTBE emission rates are zero for all scenarios.
Because only a small fraction of gasoline is assumed to contain MTBE in the
Atlanta runs, the MTBE emission rates are very low.
• Implementation of Scenario 1, a 30 ppm national gasoline sulfur cap, resulted
in a net decrease in all toxic emissions (except Diesel PM) for both Atlanta and
Chicago. The impact was greater in Atlanta than in Chicago because Chicago
was assumed to use federal RFG in the baseline case. In addition, the benefits
of the 30 ppm sulfur cap are generally greater (on a percentage basis) for the
2020 runs because more LEV-category vehicles are in the fleet.
The Tier 2 emission standards reflected in Scenario 2 also result in reductions
in all pollutants. The benefits of Scenario 2 are greater for the 2020 runs
because of the fleet turnover that occurs between 2007 and 2020. Only a small
reduction in Diesel PM is observed because light-duty Diesel cars and trucks
make up a very small fraction of the overall fleet VMT under this scenario.
• Implementation of Scenario 3 results in reductions in benzene, acetaldehyde
(except Atlanta), 1,3-butadiene, and MTBE (where used). However,
formaldehyde emissions show a slight increase. Diesel PM emissions increase
substantially under this scenario.
• Implementation of Scenario 6, more stringent light-duty vehicle emission
standards (0.055 g/mi NMHC), results in reductions beyond those achieved by
the Tier 2 standards. For example, the Tier 2 standards result in a reduction in
fleet-average benzene of 16% in Atlanta in 2020 (Scenario #2 vs. Scenario #1),
while the 0.055 g/mi standards result in a 32% reduction (Scenario #6 vs.
Scenario #1).
Seasonal Impacts - The results presented in Tables 7-1 to 7-6 reflect annual average
emissions. However, there can be substantial differences in emissions estimates among
seasons as a result of seasonal fuel differences and ambient temperatures. For example,
-94-
-------
toxic emissions in Chicago are typically at a minimum in summer. This is a result of
elevated exhaust hydrocarbon emissions (which are directly related to most toxics
emissions rates) in winter and fall due to cold temperature. However, the opposite is true
in warmer climates such as Phoenix. Because the fall and winter temperatures are
relatively mild in Phoenix, large increases in exhaust hydrocarbon emissions as a result of
cold temperature are not observed. In fact, the very high summer temperatures result in
both increased evaporative emissions (causing increases in benzene and MTBE, when
present in the fuel) and increased exhaust emissions (as a result of increased vapor from
canister purge). A comparison of seasonal benzene emission rates for several urban areas
evaluated in this study (Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, and Phoenix) is shown in Table 7-7
for Scenario #2 (30 ppm sulfur + Tier 2 emission standards) in calendar year 2007.
Table 7-7
Seasonal Benzene Emissions (mg/mi)
Calendar Year 2007 - Scenario #2
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Houston
Phoenix
Winter
24.5
24.5
20.9
15.5
Spring
19.2
18.4
15.8
14.7
Summer
19.7
15.1
17.4
17.9
Fall
21.8
17.9
17.3
13.8
Ann. Ave.
21.3
19.0
17.9
15.5
Fuel Controls
In addition to the 30 ppm sulfur cap, two other fuel scenarios were evaluated in this
study:
Scenario 4 - a national gasoline regulation capping benzene content at 1% (for
modeling purposes, a benzene content of 0.95% was assumed); and
• Scenario 5 - a national regulation requiring compliance with a 25% toxics
reduction performance standard. This required a toxics reduction of 25% from
the 1990 national-average baseline fuel using the Complex model.
Both of these scenarios were modeled assuming that Tier 2 emission standards were in
place, and estimates were prepared for 2007 and 2020. Because of the difficulty in
predicting fuel specifications for these scenarios, and because some areas would be
relatively unaffected by these rules (e.g., areas that already had benzene levels below
0.95% would see no impact from Scenario 4), these scenarios were modeled only for the
following areas: Atlanta, Cleveland, Eau Claire, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh,
-95-
-------
and Seattle. A summary of the fleet-average results for benzene is given in Table 7-
The results for the remaining pollutants can be found in Volume n of this report.
Table 7-8
Fleet-Average Benzene Emission Rates for Fuel Control Scenarios
Area
Atlanta
Cleveland
Eau Claire
Kansas City
Minneapolis
Pittsburgh
Seattle
Scenario
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Benzene (mg/mi)
2007
21.3
22.2
19.1
24.4
23.3
21.0
35.4
31.7
30.0
34.0
31.7
30.4
41.4
33.3
33.0
21.7
22.2
19.9
32.4
24.8
20.8
2020
11.9
12.4
10.7
13.4
12.8
11.6
23.2
20.7
19.7
22.5
20.8
20.0
27.6
21.9
21.7
12.5
12.7
11.5
17.8
13.7
11.6
Note that emissions estimates for the seven areas evaluated for the fuel control scenarios
were based on the following "mapping" to the area-specific and regional estimates that
were described in Section 6 of this report:
• Atlanta - Atlanta
• Cleveland - Ohio Valley, non-RFG, I/M
• Eau Claire - Michigan/Wisconsin
• Kansas City - North Dakota/NB/KS/etc.
• Minneapolis - Minneapolis
• Pittsburgh - Northeast, non-RFG, I/M
• Seattle - Western Washington/Oregon
-96-
-------
Several items are worth noting with respect to the results presented in Table 7-8. First,
the benzene cap scenario does not impact all areas equally because the baseline fuel (i.e.,
the 30 ppm sulfur case) in each area has a different benzene level. In areas such as
Seattle, which has a relatively high baseline benzene level (1.8% to 2.2%, depending on
season), substantial reductions in benzene emission rates are observed for Scenario 4.
However, scenario 4 resulted in a slight increase in benzene in Atlanta and Pittsburgh
because the 30 ppm S fuel in those areas had annual average benzene levels that were
below the 0.95% level, and the fuel parameters provided by EPA for the benzene cap was
set at 0.95% for all areas. Under the 25% toxics reduction performance standard
scenario, all areas were predicted to have reductions in benzene levels. Again, however,
the extent of that reduction was dependent upon the specifications of the baseline fuel.
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Controls
A final set of emissions estimates that was prepared for this study involved changes to
heavy-duty vehicles. Three separate scenarios were modeled in this case:
• Scenario 7 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle
emission standards (exhaust and evaporative) that were assumed to be phased
in beginning with the 2004 model year.
• Scenario 8 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr). These standards were
assumed to apply beginning with the 2007 model year.
• Scenario 9 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr). These standards were
assumed to apply beginning with the 2007 model year.
The above scenarios were run for all urban areas (and geographic areas) modeled in this
study for the 2007 and 2020 calendar years.
The results for Scenario 7 are summarized in Table 7-9, which shows class-specific
emission rates in Atlanta and Chicago for benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and
1,3-butadiene. Because HDGVs make up such a small fraction of the total VMT, the
impact of this control measure on fleet-average emissions is very slight (about 0.8% in
Atlanta in 2020). For the HDGV class, this control measure achieves a 13% to 15%
reduction in benzene emissions in 2020. Similar reductions are observed for the other
toxics as well. It is interesting to note that a significant reduction in HDGV emissions is
observed between 2007 and 2020 without further controls. This is a result of the fact that
compliance with the 2.5 g/bhp-hr HC + NOx standard beginning in 2004 is assumed to be
in the baseline emission estimates.
A summary of the Diesel PM emissions estimates for Scenarios 8 and 9 is contained in
Table 7-10. Based on the simple assumptions that were used in this analysis (e.g., no
-97-
-------
deterioration in PM emissions, even though trap technology would likely be required to
meet these emission levels), significant emission reductions are achieved in the 2020 runs
for both the 0.01 g/bhp-hr case and the 0.05 g/bhp-hr case. However, this represents a
best-case scenario, and is not necessarily reflective of what would occur in customer
Table 7-9
Class-Specific Emission Rates for More Stringent Emission Standards
for Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (Scenario 7)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Year
2007
2020
2007
2020
Scenario
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Emission Rate (mg/mi)
Bnz
59.0
56.6
28.2
24.5
40.1
38.3
18.3
15.5
Acet
7.4
7.2
2.7
2.5
15.6
15.2
5.6
5.2
Form
30.0
29.3
9.3
8.6
28.2
27.5
7.9
7.3
1,3 -But
5.7
5.6
1.6
1.5
4.9
4.8
1.1
1.0
Table 7-10
Fleet-Average Diesel PM Emission Rates for More Stringent
Heavy-Duty Diesel PM Emission Standards (Scenarios 8 and 9)
Scenario
Sc#2 (Baseline)
Sc#8 (0.01 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#9 (0.05 g/bhp-hr)
2007 (mg/mi)
19.0
17.8
18.2
2020 (mg/mi)
15.5
3.0
8.7
service. Note that these results are not presented by area. That is because the PARTS
model does not account for regional differences in fuels or temperatures in its estimates,
and those parameters were not accounted for in this study.
###
-98-
-------
8. URBAN AREA TOXICS EXPOSURE ESTIMATES
Using the urban area motor vehicle toxics emission rates described in the previous section
of this report, CO exposure estimates prepared with the HAPEM-MS model, and the
1990 CO emission rates generated for each of the areas, exposure estimates were
calculated for all study areas and scenarios evaluated in this effort. As described in
Section 2, the approach used to estimate toxics exposure was based on the following
formula:
where TOX reflects one of the six toxic pollutants considered in this study. Because
some of the toxic pollutants evaluated in this study (e.g., 1,3 -butadiene) have a different
photochemical reactivity from CO, the exposure concentrations were adjusted to account
for atmospheric transformation. In addition, because the CO ratios are based on the 1990
calendar year, an adjustment was made to account for the increase in VMT relative to
1990.
Details of the calculations performed to generate exposure estimates for this study are
described below. Estimates were prepared for three specific demographic groups:
outdoor workers, children 0 to 17 years of age, and the total population. These groups
were selected because outdoor workers are generally the highest exposed demographic
group, children 0 to 17 represent a very sensitive demographic group, and the total
population gives an average exposure estimate.
1990 CO Exposure Estimates
The calendar year 1990 CO exposure estimates related to on-road motor vehicles were
provided to Sierra by EPA. Those estimates, which are summarized in Table 8-1, were
based on a recent study performed by Mantech Environmental Technology under contract
to EPA.18* That study used the Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM) to
generate estimates of human exposure to ambient CO. The HAPEM model links human
activity patterns with ambient CO concentration to arrive at average exposure estimates
for 22 different demographic groups (e.g., outdoor workers, children 0 to 17, working
men 18 to 44, women 65+, etc.) and for the total population. The model simulates the
Note that the CO exposure estimates for Atlanta were provided to EPA by Mantech in a separate
transmittal.
-99-
-------
movement of individuals between home and work and through a number of different
microenviroments (37 in total). The CO concentration in each microenvironment is
Table 8-1
1990 On-Road Motor Vehicle CO Exposure Estimates (jig/m3)
Urban
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
Demo
Group
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Quarter
1
560
476
481
455
366
375
696
556
569
305
258
262
872
698
724
947
764
793
608
508
515
685
591
596
795
636
651
374
2
325
272
273
344
286
290
358
289
295
235
193
197
593
489
497
771
637
658
343
297
295
360
308
310
458
367
370
245
o
J
476
396
397
317
261
261
364
294
297
388
322
322
538
442
446
662
548
561
337
284
280
449
378
374
713
568
566
197
4
568
480
489
378
309
316
628
508
518
429
370
373
681
550
566
751
612
636
444
379
381
757
649
654
745
592
606
313
-100-
-------
Table 8-1
1990 On-Road Motor Vehicle CO Exposure Estimates (jig/m3)
Children 0-1 7
Total Population
302
309
204
205
166
165
268
269
determined by multiplying ambient concentration by a microenvironmental factor. For
example, a factor of 0.38 is used for time spent in an office building, while a factor of
2.11 is used for time spent in a shopping mall.
With the CO exposure estimates generated by HAPEM model, EPA determined the
fraction of exposure that was a result of on-road motor vehicles. This was accomplished
by scaling the annual and quarterly exposure estimates prepared by Mantech (which
reflect exposure to total ambient CO) by the fraction of the 1990 CO emissions inventory
that was from on-road motor vehicles. The inventory estimates used for this purpose
were prepared by E.H. Pechan under contract to EPA.19* A spreadsheet with the exposure
results was provided to Sierra; the results were then summarized in an ASCII file that was
used as an input to a FORTRAN routine that compiled the exposure data, CO emissions
data, and the toxics emissions data to calculate toxics exposure and risk for each of the
urban areas and scenarios included in this study. The exposure estimates given in
Table 8-1 reflect the adjustment to account only for on-road motor vehicles.
CO Emissions Estimates
As outlined above, the calendar year 1990 fleet-average CO emission rate is used in the
toxics exposure calculation. These CO estimates were prepared with a modified version
of the MOBILESb model, which is described in Section 3 of this report. (Changes to the
current MOBILESb inputs were made to account for revised base emission rates, off-
cycle effects, and revised oxygenated fuels effects.) A summary of the calendar year
1990 fleet-average CO emission rates calculated for each area and quarter is given in
Table 8-2. Note that only baseline numbers were calculated, since no alternative control
programs were assumed in the 1990 runs.
Several points can be made in reference to Table 8-2:
In general, CO emissions in the winter (i.e., quarter 1) are higher than in the
other seasons because temperatures are lower, which results in elevated CO
emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles (primarily due to cold-start increases).
The one area where CO emissions are lower in winter than in the other seasons
is Phoenix. That is because Phoenix had a winter oxygenated fuels program in
1990, which resulted in CO emissions decreases. In addition, the winter
Note that the CO fractions for Atlanta were provided to EPA by E.H. Pechan in a separate transmittal.
-101-
-------
ambient temperatures in Phoenix are relatively mild (44° to 67 °F diurnal
temperature pattern), which mitigates the cold-start effects observed in some of
the other communities. Because Phoenix is very hot in the summer (83 ° to
105°F diurnal temperature pattern), the impact of air conditioning use is
maximized in the summer run (quarter 3), resulting in elevated CO emission
rates in the summer.
Table 8-2
1990 On-Road Motor Vehicle CO Emissions Estimates
by Urban Area and Quarter (g/mi)
Urban Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
Qi
50.2
43.8
55.4
46.6
61.8
43.1
54.6
29.3
45.2
44.1
Q2
40.7
35.8
55.4
36.3
47.8
35.1
44.7
31.4
38.8
36.2
Q3
48.3
33.2
50.0
44.8
41.5
33.4
43.4
42.3
33.5
36.6
Q4
46.2
36.3
46.4
40.8
47.3
36.0
45.4
31.6
40.4
37.9
Denver also had an oxygenated fuels program in 1990, which results in the
winter CO emission rates being the same as in the spring (quarter 2) run, even
though the temperature was lower in the winter run.
Because the fall runs (quarter 4) were performed using a January 1991
evaluation date in the MOBILE input files, those results reflect an additional
year of fleet turnover relative to the winter runs (which were based on a January
1990 evaluation date). The spring and summer runs assumed a July 1990
evaluation date, reflecting six months of additional fleet turnover relative to the
winter runs.
Reactivity and VMT Adjustments
-102-
-------
As outlined previously, unadjusted toxic exposure estimates can be determined from the
following formula:
TOXExposure(tlg/m3) — L^OExposure(tlg/m3)/COEF(g/mi)J1990 x TOXEF(g/mi)
However, because some of the toxic pollutants evaluated in this study (i.e., formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene) have a different photochemical reactivity from CO, the
exposure concentrations must be adjusted to account for atmospheric transformation. In
addition, because the CO ratios are based on the 1990 calendar year, an adjustment must
be made to account for the increase in VMT relative to 1990, i.e.,
TOXExposure_Adj ([lg/m3) = TOXExposure.Unadj ([lg/m3) x ReactivityAdj x VMTAdj
The specific adjustments to account for reactivity and VMT are described below.
Reactivity Adjustments - The reactivity adjustments used in this effort were provided to
Sierra by EPA staff,20 and are summarized as follows:
• 1,3-Butadiene - Seasonal reactivity adjustments were estimated by EPA. These
multiplicative factors are 0.44 for summer, 0.70 for spring and fall, and 0.96 for
winter.
• Benzene, MTBE, and Diesel PM - These were assumed to be inert for the
modeling performed in this study.
• Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde - There is strong evidence to suggest that
these species undergo substantive atmospheric transformation, both in terms of
decay of primary (i.e., tailpipe) emissions and in the formation of secondary
formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. However, because of the complexities
involved in quantifying that effect, it was not addressed in this study. Thus, the
calculations performed to generate the exposure estimates presented below treat
these species as if they were inert, roughly assuming that removal of direct
emissions in the afternoon would be offset by secondary formation.
VMT Adjustments - As discussed in Section 7, future-year on-road motor vehicle toxics
emissions estimates are expected to decline significantly as a result of fleet turnover
effects (i.e., older, high-emitting vehicles are replaced by newer-technology vehicles with
more durable emissions control systems), improved I/M program designs, and the use of
cleaner fuels. However, those reductions cannot be used directly to assess corresponding
reductions in ambient concentrations because growth in VMT will partially offset the
gains made in per-vehicle (or per-mile) reductions. That being the case, the toxics
exposure estimates for future years need to be adjusted to account for VMT increases
relative to the 1990 base year used to estimate CO exposure.
The VMT projections for each of the urban areas evaluated in this study were based on an
evaluation of the "Trends" database performed by an EPA contractor.21 The results of
-103-
-------
this analysis are presented in Table 8-3. Note that Sierra was provided VMT forecasts
only for 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2010. The 2020 values shown in Table 8-3 were
extrapolated from the 2010 numbers by applying the annualized growth rate observed
between 2007 and 2010. For example, the estimated Chicago VMT in 2007 is
74,646,000 miles and in 2010 it is 78,428,000 miles. Thus the annualized growth over
those three years is:
Annual VMT Growth = (78,428/74,646)% - 1.0 = 0.0166
Table 8-3
VMT Forecasts by Urban Area
(1000s of Miles)
Urban Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
1990
29,136
49,032
14,289
24,400
17,798
92,323
36,612
18,762
3,447
18,037
1996
47,402
62,408
20,189
40,684
22,506
103,195
43,286
25,017
4,105
27,903
2007
63,791
74,646
26,636
52,550
28,350
117,422
52,169
33,295
5,146
32,383
2010
68,257
78,428
28,444
55,819
29,958
122,258
54,711
35,788
5,446
33,985
2020
85,506
92,474
35,406
68,256
36,008
139,863
64,114
45,531
6,581
39,919
or 1.66%. This value was used in conjunction with the 2010 VMT forecast to arrive at a
2020 estimate:
VMTCH.2020 = 78,428,000 x (1.0166)10 = 92.5 million miles
Using the VMT estimates shown in Table 8-3, VMT growth rate adjustment factors were
generated for each urban area. These results are given in Table 8-4.
Modeled Urban Area Toxics Exposure Estimates
Using the methodology described above, toxics exposure estimates were prepared for
each of the ten urban areas included in this study. These estimates were generated for
-104-
-------
calendar years 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020, and estimates were prepared for each quarter
as well as on an annual average basis. Finally, separate estimates were calculated for the
three demographic groups discussed above, and the 2007 and 2020 runs include baseline
control assumptions and the various control scenarios. Obviously, presenting the entire
set of results within the text of this report is not viable. Only the highlights are discussed
below; complete results by urban area and vehicle class can be found in Volume II of this
report.
-105-
-------
Table 8-4
VMT Adjustment Factors by Urban Area Relative to 1990
Urban Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Denver
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Spokane
St. Louis
1990
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1996
1.627
1.273
1.413
1.667
1.265
1.118
1.182
1.333
1.191
1.547
2007
2.189
1.522
1.864
2.154
1.593
1.272
1.425
1.775
1.493
1.795
2020
2.935
1.886
2.478
2.797
2.023
1.515
1.751
2.427
1.909
2.213
FORTRAN Model - Because of the large number of scenarios modeled in this effort, the
compilation of toxics emissions data, CO emissions data, and CO exposure estimates was
performed within a FORTRAN routine. As described later in this report, this also
facilitated the calculation of national emissions and exposure estimates, as well as risk
analysis (i.e., estimating the number of cancer incidences per million people and the
overall number of cancer cases as a result of the various scenarios modeled in this study).
As an example of the calculation, the baseline Chicago 1996 winter benzene exposure for
the total population demographic group was estimated as follows. Variables in the
calculation are listed below.
Exposure - Win 90
CO
en
^^Emissions-Win 90
BenzeneEmissions.win 96
VMT Growth1996
= 375 //g/m3
= 43.8g/mi
= 62.62 mg/mi
= 1.273
(from Table 8-1)
(from Table 8-2)
(See Section 7)
(from Table 8-4)
Using the equation described above, the winter 1996 Chicago benzene exposure in this
case was then calculated as:
BnzExposure.win96 = (375 //g/m3 / 43.8 g/mi) x (62.62 mg/mi / 1000) x 1.273
BnzExposure.win96 = 0.682
-106-
-------
Note that no transformation term was included in this calculation since benzene was
assumed to be inert for the purposes of the exposure estimates. The same methodology
was used to calculate benzene exposure for the remaining seasons, resulting in the
following estimates:
BnzExposure.Spr96 = 0.436 //g/m3
BnzExposure.Sum96 = 0.346 //g/m3
BnzExposure.Fall96 = 0.462 //g/m3
An annual average exposure estimate was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the four
seasonal values. In this case, the annual average Chicago benzene exposure was
calculated to be 0.482 //g/m3.
At the request of the work assignment manager, exposure estimates were also generated
by vehicle class. This was accomplished by multiplying the overall on-road motor
vehicle exposure (calculated above) by the fractional contribution of each vehicle class to
the fleet-average emission rate. For example, the LDGV (i.e., passenger car) benzene
emission rate in the winter 1996 run was 57.69 mg/mi, with that vehicle class
contributing 55.6% of overall VMT. Thus, this vehicle class contributed:
Bnz FractionLDQv = (57.69 mg/mi x 0.556)762.62 mg/mi = 0.512
where 62.62 mg/mi is the fleet-average emission rate. Using this value in conjunction
with the overall 1996 Chicago winter benzene on-road motor vehicle exposure, the
exposure as a result of the LDGV class was calculated as:
= 0.682 //g/m3 x 0.512 = 0.349 //g/m
Consistent with the fleet-average calculations, annual-average exposure estimates for
each vehicle class were prepared by taking the arithmetic mean of the quarterly results for
each class.
Exposure Estimates-Gasoline Sulfur and Light-Duty Vehicle Controls - The first set of
exposure results presented in this section include estimates of the impacts of a national
cap on gasoline sulfur level and more stringent emission standards for light-duty vehicles
(gasoline and Diesel). Annual average exposure results for the fleet (i.e., all vehicle
classes combined) are given in Tables 8-5 through 8-10 for benzene, acetaldehyde,
formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, MTBE, and Diesel PM, respectively, for the following
control scenarios:
Scenario 0 - baseline emission factors (including the NLEV program) and fuels;
Scenario 1 - baseline emission factors with a national 30 ppm gasoline sulfur
limit;
-107-
-------
Table 8-5
Annual Average Exposure Results for Benzene
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.930
___
___
___
—
0.784
___
___
___
—
1996
0.836
___
___
___
—
0.482
___
___
___
—
2007
0.480
0.424
0.413
0.406
0.401
0.264
0.248
0.241
0.237
0.233
2020
0.428
0.374
0.309
0.272
0.247
0.220
0.204
0.167
0.147
0.133
Table 8-6
Annual Average Exposure Results for Acetaldehyde
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.154
___
___
___
—
0.125
___
___
___
—
1996
0.130
___
___
___
—
0.149
___
___
___
—
2007
0.070
0.065
0.064
0.065
0.063
0.088
0.081
0.079
0.079
0.077
2020
0.073
0.069
0.063
0.064
0.058
0.077
0.071
0.061
0.059
0.053
-------
Table 8-7
Annual Average Exposure Results for Formaldehyde
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.503
___
___
___
—
0.400
___
___
___
—
1996
0.403
___
___
___
—
0.238
___
___
___
—
2007
0.187
0.178
0.175
0.179
0.172
0.137
0.131
0.129
0.131
0.127
2020
0.195
0.186
0.170
0.177
0.158
0.131
0.125
0.113
0.115
0.103
Table 8-8
Annual Average Exposure Results for 1,3-Butadiene
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.101
___
___
___
—
0.078
___
___
___
—
1996
0.087
___
___
___
—
0.044
___
___
___
—
2007
0.049
0.043
0.042
0.042
0.041
0.027
0.024
0.023
0.023
0.022
2020
0.049
0.043
0.038
0.035
0.028
0.025
0.022
0.019
0.018
0.015
-------
Table 8-9
Annual Average Exposure Results for MTBE
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.000
___
___
___
—
0.000
___
___
___
—
1996
0.050
___
___
___
—
0.000
___
___
___
—
2007
0.026
0.046
0.046
0.045
0.046
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2020
0.020
0.035
0.035
0.030
0.035
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Table 8-10
Annual Average Exposure Results for Diesel PM
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.80
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
Calendar Year
1990
0.775
___
___
___
—
0.761
___
___
___
—
1996
0.582
___
___
___
—
0.387
___
___
___
—
2007
0.365
0.365
0.363
0.397
0.363
0.240
0.240
0.239
0.261
0.239
2020
0.411
0.411
0.399
0.445
0.399
0.250
0.250
0.243
0.271
0.243
-------
• Scenario 2 - Scenario 1 with more stringent (i.e., Tier 2) emission standards for
2004 and later model year light-duty cars and trucks;
Scenario 3 - Scenario 2 with increased Diesel light-duty truck and light-duty
vehicle penetration; and
• Scenario 6 - Scenario 2 with even more stringent light-duty vehicle emission
standards equivalent to 0.055 g/mi NMHC.
It is interesting to note that the motor vehicle air toxics exposures are estimated to
decrease substantially between 1990 and 2020, even without additional controls on
vehicles and fuels. This is a result of fleet turnover and the full implementation of federal
regulations that are currently in place. However, for some pollutants for which heavy-
duty Diesel vehicles are a large contributor (i.e., formaldehyde and Diesel PM), exposure
increases between 2007 and 2020. This is a result of fleet VMT growing at a faster rate
than the reduction in fleet emissions between 2007 and 2020.
As one might expect, the benefits of Scenario 1, a national gasoline rule limiting sulfur to
30 ppm, are greatest in areas that do not have a pre-existing reformulated gasoline
program, such as Atlanta. Areas with an RFG program (e.g., Chicago) show more
moderate decreases in motor vehicle toxics exposure, depending on the pollutant, as a
result of a national gasoline sulfur limit. The more stringent light-duty vehicle exhaust
emission standards included in Scenario 2 (Tier 2 standards) and Scenario 6 (0.055 g/mi
NMHC standards) in general show greater decreases in toxics exposure than the other
light-duty vehicle control scenarios modeled in this effort, particularly for the 2020
calendar year run. Finally, the increased light-duty Diesel penetration scenario modeled
in Scenario 3 results in increased Diesel particulate exposure levels, although benzene
exposure is decreased. It should be kept in mind that the exposure estimates for
acetaldehyde and formaldehyde do not include any adjustments to account for
atmospheric transformation.
As discussed above, exposure estimates were also prepared for three different
demographic groups: total population, outdoor workers, and children 0-17 years of age.
(The estimates given in Tables 8-5 to 8-10 are for the total population.) As with the CO
exposure estimates shown in Table 8-1, the exposure to air toxics for outdoor workers is
generally about 20% higher than for the total population, while exposure for children is
typically slightly below the total population. This is observed in Table 8-11, which
shows the annual-average benzene exposure for the three demographic groups analyzed
in this study for Chicago under the control scenarios described above. As seen in the
table, benzene exposure is highest for outdoor workers (which is the highest exposed
demographic group), while children and the total population show similar results.
-Ill-
-------
table 8-11
Exposure Estimates-Fuel Controls - In addition to the 30 ppm sulfur cap, two other fuel
scenarios were evaluated in this study:
• Scenario 4 - A national gasoline regulation capping benzene content at 1% (for
modeling purposes, a benzene content of 0.95% was assumed); and
• Scenario 5 - A national regulation requiring compliance with a 25% toxics
reduction performance standard. This required a toxics reduction of 25% from
the 1990 national-average baseline fuel using the Complex model.
As described in the last section of this report, both of these scenarios were modeled
assuming that Tier 2 emission standards were in place, and estimates were prepared for
2007 and 2020. These scenarios were only modeled for the following areas: Atlanta,
Cleveland, Eau Claire, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh, and Seattle. A summary of
the fleet-average exposure results for benzene is given in Table 8-12. The results for the
remaining pollutants can be found in Volume II of this report.
It should be noted that CO exposure estimates were not available for five of the seven
cities included in Table 8-12. However, Sierra was instructed to make assumptions about
CO exposure in these areas in order to prepare toxics exposure estimates. Thus, the
following mapping was employed:
-112-
-------
Table 8-11
Annual Average Exposure Results for Benzene in Chicago
by Demographic Group ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: u£/m3)
Demographic
Group
Total
Population
Outdoor
Workers
Children
0-17 Years
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
8.36
10.05
10.05
10.05
10.05
10.05
8.22
8.22
8.22
8.22
8.22
Calendar Year
1990
0.784
—
—
—
—
0.944
—
—
—
—
0.771
—
—
—
—
1996
0.482
—
—
...
—
0.580
—
...
...
—
0.473
...
...
—
—
2007
0.264
0.248
0.241
0.237
0.233
0.318
0.298
0.289
0.284
0.280
0.260
0.243
0.237
0.232
0.229
2020
0.220
0.204
0.167
0.147
0.133
0.265
0.245
0.201
0.177
0.160
0.216
0.200
0.164
0.144
0.131
-------
Table 8-12
Annual Average Benzene Exposure for Fuel Control Scenarios
All On-Road Vehicles - Total Population
Area
Atlanta
Cleveland
Eau Claire
Kansas City
Minneapolis
Pittsburgh
Seattle
Scenario
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Sc#2 (30 ppm S)
Sc#4 (Bnz Cap)
Sc#5 (25% Red.)
Benzene Exposure (,ug/m3)
2007
0.413
0.432
0.369
0.324
0.310
0.278
0.831
0.743
0.702
0.286
0.268
0.257
0.736
0.591
0.586
0.268
0.275
0.245
0.733
0.562
0.471
2020
0.309
0.323
0.279
0.209
0.200
0.181
0.684
0.610
0.578
0.238
0.222
0.213
0.620
0.493
0.488
0.184
0.188
0.169
0.540
0.415
0.352
• Atlanta - Atlanta
• Cleveland - Chicago
• Eau Claire - Minneapolis
• Kansas City - St. Louis
• Minneapolis - Minneapolis
• Pittsburgh - Philadelphia
• Seattle - Spokane
Because area-specific CO exposure estimates were not available for Cleveland, Eau
Claire, Kansas City, Pittsburgh, and Seattle, the results in Table 8-12 are subject to some
uncertainty. This should be kept in mind when evaluating the results of the exposure
modeling.
-113-
-------
Reviewing the results in Table 8-12, one finds that benzene exposure is generally
estimated to be the highest in Eau Claire and Minneapolis. That is because 1990 CO
exposure was relatively high in Minneapolis (which was also used for Eau Claire), these
areas are predicted not to have I/M programs in the future, and both areas have relatively
high aromatics content in their gasoline (which is a large contributor to exhaust benzene
emissions). On the other hand, Pittsburgh and Cleveland were predicted to have the
lowest benzene exposure for the fuel control scenarios because both areas were assumed
to have an I/M program in place in the future and the 1990 CO exposure assumed for
these areas was relatively low compared to Minneapolis and Eau Claire.
Exposure Estimates-Heavy-Duty Vehicle Controls - A final set of exposure estimates
prepared for this study involved changes to heavy-duty vehicles. Three scenarios were
modeled in this case:
• Scenario 7 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle
emission standards that were assumed to be phased in beginning with the 2004
model year.
• Scenario 8 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr). These standards were
assumed to apply beginning with the 2007 model year.
• Scenario 9 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr). These standards were
assumed to apply beginning with the 2007 model year.
The above scenarios were run for all urban areas (and geographic areas) modeled in this
study for the 2007 and 2020 calendar years.
The exposure results for Scenario 7 are summarized in Table 8-13, which shows results
for Atlanta and Chicago for benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene.
A summary of the Diesel PM exposure estimates for Scenarios 8 and 9 is contained in
Table 8-14 for Atlanta and Chicago, along with estimates from Scenario 2. Based on the
simple assumptions that were used in this analysis (e.g., no deterioration in PM
emissions, even though trap technology would likely be required to meet these emission
levels), significant reductions in exposure are achieved in the 2020 runs for both the
0.01 g/bhp-hr case and the 0.05 g/bhp-hr case. Under the baseline case assumed in
Table 8-14 (i.e., Scenario 2), Diesel PM exposure is estimated to increase between 2007
and 2020. This is a result of VMT growth exceeding reductions in fleet-average
emissions and is more pronounced in Atlanta than in Chicago.
-114-
-------
Table 8-13
Annual Average Exposure Results for More Stringent Emission Standards
for Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (Scenario 7)
All On-Road Vehicles - Total Population
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Year
2007
2020
2007
2020
Scenario
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Sc#2
Sc#7
Exposure (,ug/m3)
Bnz
0.413
0.412
0.309
0.307
0.241
0.240
0.167
0.166
Acet
0.064
0.064
0.063
0.063
0.079
0.079
0.061
0.061
Form
0.175
0.175
0.170
0.169
0.129
0.129
0.113
0.112
1,3 -But
0.042
0.042
0.038
0.038
0.023
0.023
0.019
0.019
Table 8-14
Annual Average Diesel PM Exposure Results for More Stringent
Heavy-Duty Diesel PM Emission Standards (Scenarios 8 and 9)
All On-Road Vehicles - Total Population
Area
Atlanta
Chicago
Scenario
Sc#2 (Baseline)
Sc#8 (0.01 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#9 (0.05 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#2 (Baseline)
Sc#8 (0.01 g/bhp-hr)
Sc#9 (0.05 g/bhp-hr)
2007 (Mg/m3)
0.363
0.340
0.349
0.239
0.224
0.230
2020 (Mg/m3)
0.399
0.077
0.224
0.243
0.047
0.136
###
-115-
-------
9. NATIONAL LEVEL TOXICS
EMISSIONS INVENTORIES
Task 7 of this work assignment called for the preparation of nationwide toxics emissions
inventories for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, MTBE, and Diesel
PM. The estimates were to be prepared for each of the control scenarios evaluated for the
following areas:
• Each county in the U. S.;
• 47 states and the District of Columbia, with Alaska, California, and Hawaii
excluded; and
• The entire 50 states.
For the nationwide emissions estimates prepared under Task 7 of this work assignment,
two basic pieces of information are needed: toxic emission rates and VMT estimates.
Because the toxic emission rates are calculated in terms of milligrams per mile (mg/mi),
and VMT for each county has been compiled in terms of millions of miles per year, it is a
simple matter to multiply the two numbers together to generate the needed inventory
estimate. However, because it was not possible to estimate emission rates separately for
each county, an approach was taken in which each county was "mapped" to one of the 26
modeled areas based on similarities in fuel parameters, I/M parameters, and ambient
temperatures. A description of how the modeled areas were selected is summarized in
Section 6 of this report, and the mapping strategy employed in this effort is briefly
described below.
County-Level Toxics Emission Rates
The development of the toxics emission rates for each modeled area (10 urban areas and
16 geographic regions), calendar year, and scenario has been discussed at length in
previous sections in this report. Those estimates, which are summarized in Volume II of
this report, were used directly with the county-level VMT to arrive at nationwide
emissions estimates (in tons per year) for this study. However, it was first necessary to
assign each county an emission rate based on its similarity to one of the 26 modeled
areas. Counties that fell within one of the 10 modeled urban areas were simply assigned
the emission rate of that area. For most of the counties in the U.S., however, this was not
the case. Those counties were assigned emission rates based on similarities in fuels,
-116-
-------
temperatures, and I/M programs. Much of the information needed to make these
assignments came from documentation of the Trends database.22 A complete listing of
each county, along with the emissions mapping (and population and VMT estimates) is
included in Appendix O.
VMT Estimates
The VMT estimates used in the nationwide toxics emissions calculations were supplied to
Sierra by EPA. These estimates were provided for each county in the U.S., with separate
estimates for each vehicle class. The county-level VMT was compiled as part of the
development of the Trends database, and was generated by E.H. Pechan under contract to
EPA. For this analysis, only the total VMT was used. Individual vehicle class estimates
were based on applying the VMT mix (i.e., fraction of VMT by vehicle class) estimates
used in the MOBTOXSb runs to the total VMT provided to Sierra.
Emissions Estimates
As outlined above, once the toxic emission rates for each county are determined, it is a
simple matter to multiply the emission rates by annual VMT to arrive at annual average
inventory estimates. As an example, consider benzene emissions from light-duty
gasoline vehicles (LDGV) in Autauga County, Alabama in 2007 under Scenario 2. (This
is the first county listed in the VMT file provided by EPA, with a state code of 01 and a
county code of 001.) As noted in the county VMT table contained in Volume II, this
county was mapped to the Southeast, which is denoted "SE." Based on output from the
MOBTOXSb model, the following benzene emission rates are obtained:
Winter 28.28 mg/mi
Spring 21.08 mg/mi
Summer 21.78 mg/mi
Fall 26.41 mg/mi
Annual Average: 24.39 mg/mi
For this analysis, annual average emission rates were calculated as a simple mean of the
seasonal estimates.
The 2007 annual VMT for all vehicles in Autauga County is estimated to be 568.1
million miles. Based on a LDGV fraction of 39.5%, this translates to 224.4 million miles
attributable to LDGVs. Thus, the annual benzene inventory for LDGVs is:
BNZLDGV = [(24.39 x 1Q-3 g/mi) x (224.4 x 106 mi/year)] x [1 ton/907,200 grams]
BNZLDGV = 6.03 tons/year
-117-
-------
This same calculation was performed for each county and each toxic with a FORTRAN
routine developed by Sierra, and the results were compiled for each county, state, the
U.S., and the U.S. excluding Alaska, California, and Hawaii. The state-level results are
contained in Volume II. The more detailed county-level results can be obtained from
EPA in electronic form.
Table 9-1 contains the results of the inventory analysis for the following scenarios:*
• Scenario 0 - Baseline emission factors (including the NLEV program) and
fuels;
• Scenario 1 - Baseline emission factors with a national 30 ppm gasoline sulfur
limit;
• Scenario 2 - Scenario 1 with more stringent (i.e., Tier 2) emission standards for
2004 and later model year light-duty cars and trucks;
• Scenario 3 - Scenario 2 with increased Diesel light-duty truck and light-duty
vehicle penetration;
• Scenario 6 - Scenario 2 with even more stringent light-duty vehicle emission
standards equivalent to 0.055 g/mi NMHC;
• Scenario 7 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty gasoline vehicle
emission standards that were assumed to be phased in beginning with the 2004
model year;
• Scenario 8 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.01 g/bhp-hr); and
• Scenario 9 - Scenario 2 with more stringent heavy-duty Diesel vehicle PM
emission standards (equivalent to 0.05 g/bhp-hr).
As observed in Table 9-1, significant emissions reductions are observed between 1990
and 2007; however, between 2007 and 2020, the reduction in emissions slows as a result
of VMT growth. This is illustrated graphically in Figure 9-1, which shows nationwide
annual benzene emissions for the light-duty gasoline vehicle control scenarios (i.e.,
Scenarios 0, 1,2, and 6). As that figure illustrates, benzene emissions are predicted to
drop by over 60% between 1990 and 2007, with much lower reductions observed
between 2007 and 2020.
As noted previously, Scenarios 4 and 5 (i.e., the benzene cap and 25% toxics reduction performance
standard regulations) were not evaluated on a nationwide basis. However, annual emissions inventories
were prepared for the seven areas for which those scenarios were evaluated. Those results may be found in
Volume II of this report.
-118-
-------
Insert Table 9-1
Figure 9-1
-119-
-------
Table 9-1
Annual Toxics Emissions Summary for the Total U.S.
Calendar
Year
1990
1996
2007
2020
Scenario
Base
Base
Base
Sc#l (30 ppm S)
Sc#2(Tier2)
Sc#3 (Inc. Diesel)
Sc#6 (0.055 NMHC)
Sc#7 (HDGV Stds)
Sc#8 (0.01 HDDV PM)
Sc#9 (0.05 HDDV PM)
Base
Sc#l (30 ppm S)
Sc#2(Tier2)
Sc#3 (Inc. Diesel)
Sc#6 (0.055 NMHC)
Sc#7 (HDGV Stds)
Sc#8 (0.01 HDDV PM)
Sc#9 (0.05 HDDV PM)
Annual Emissions (tons per year)
Benzene] Acet.
256,761
165,023
95,101
88,158
86,058
84,332
83,973
85,850
86,058
86,058
85,930
79,160
67,503
58,750
58,020
67,017
67,503
67,503
40,912
27,411
15,366
14,887
14,634
14,758
14,415
14,612
14,634
14,634
15,182
14,701
13,281
13,258
12,325
13,250
13,281
13,281
Form.
138,607
80,262
37,455
36,461
35,881
36,507
35,377
35,815
35,881
35,881
37,181
36,139
33,074
33,977
31,164
32,978
33,074
33,074
Butadiene] MTBE| Diesel PM
36,396
22,206
12,762
11,471
11,291
11,276
10,998
11,282
11,291
11,291
12,718
11,406
10,169
9,467
8,459
10,156
10,169
10,169
54,584
64,611
23,506
25,408
25,280
24,639
25,105
25,064
25,280
25,280
18,032
19,611
18,684
16,050
17,624
17,872
18,684
18,684
202,265
111,530
65,462
65,462
65,180
71,165
65,180
65,180
61,047
62,660
69,693
69,693
67,641
75,510
67,641
67,641
12,983
37,945
-------
Figure 9-1
300,000
250,000 -
200,000
a 150,000
in
O
100,000
50,000
National Benzene Emission Inventory
50 States + DC
—»—Baseline
--D--Sc#1 (SOppmS)
- -e - Sc#2 (Tier 2)
- -A- - Sc#6 (0.055 NMHC)
"ss^Tur—a
"~ • — . _^" ~- —o
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Calendar Year
-------
###
10. NATIONAL-LEVEL TOXICS EXPOSURE ESTIMATES
As part of Task 10 of Work Assignment 1-06, Sierra was to estimate toxics exposure on a
national basis by extrapolating the results from 26 modeled areas to the rest of the U.S. A
complete description of the methodologies used to generate exposure estimates for the 10
urban areas evaluated in this study is contained in Section 8 of this report. This section
presents the methodology developed by Sierra, in consultation with EPA, to estimate
national toxics exposure by extrapolating emissions, and exposure results from the
modeled areas to the rest of the United States.
1990 CO Exposure
In a previous study prepared by International Technology Corporation for EPA,23 national
toxics exposure was estimated by first mapping modeled HAPEM toxics exposure
estimates (which were prepared for 13 cities) to non-modeled areas with geographically
similar characteristics, based primarily on geographical proximity to the modeled city.
The modeled toxics exposure was then adjusted for local conditions by applying a ratio of
annual average ambient CO in the mapped area to annual average CO in the modeled
area.
As an example of the above methodology, Phoenix (PHX) was a modeled area in the
previous study, and HAPEM benzene exposure results from that city were used to
estimate benzene exposure in Albuquerque, New Mexico (ALBQ). The modeled benzene
exposure and annual average ambient CO levels used to perform this calculation are
listed below.
BZExp.PHX = 4.86//g/m3
= 1.28ppm
= 1.15 ppm
Using the above values, Albuquerque benzene exposure was estimated to be:
^^Exp-ALBQ ~~ ^^Exp-PHX X(COAmb.ALBQ / CO^^pjjx)
BZEXP-ALBQ = 4-86 Mg/m3 x (1.15 ppm / 1.28 ppm) = 4.37 //g/m3
-120-
-------
During the course of the previous toxics evaluation (Work Assignment 0-07), the above
approach was suggested as a means to estimate national CO exposure levels for each area
of the U.S. from the most recent HAPEM results. However, EPA expressed concern that
unless HAPEM estimates for a significant number of additional urban (and rural) areas
were generated (on the order of 50 total areas), the national estimates would be subject to
a large degree of uncertainty. This was not a viable option given budget and time
constraints. As an alternative, a more simplistic approach was suggested that provides a
general exposure estimate for urban areas and for rural areas. This also is subject to a
large degree of uncertainty, so the results should be used cautiously.
The starting point for this calculation was the 1990 CO exposure estimates presented
previously in Table 8-1. Those estimates were weighted by the population in each of the
modeled areas to arrive at an average modeled area exposure for each quarter and for each
demographic group. (The population estimates were provided by EPA and were based on
1990 census data.) Annual average ambient CO estimates for the modeled urban areas
were also provided by EPA. These estimates were weighted by population, and the
resulting annual average 1990 CO level was 1.32 ppm in the modeled urban areas.
Quarterly ambient CO levels were also provided by EPA for each urban area in the
United States. Sierra merged those data with the population of each area (again, based on
1990 census data), and a population-weighted annual average CO level in 1990 was
estimated to be 1.22 ppm for all U.S. urban areas (including the areas modeled in this
study). Thus, to estimate average urban area CO exposure in 1990, the population-
weighted values from the modeled urban areas were scaled by the ratio 1.22 ppm /1.32
ppm. (For the 47-state analysis, i.e., the U.S. excluding Alaska, California, and Hawaii, a
factor of 1.16/1.32 was used.)
One shortcoming of the latest HAPEM exposure estimates used in this study is that no
rural areas were analyzed. Thus, a slightly different method was used to estimate rural-
area CO exposure. This was accomplished by reviewing the CO exposure estimates used
in the 1993 MVRATS. That study listed the average urban area CO exposure as
842 //g/m3 and the average rural area CO exposure as 470 //g/m3. Thus, for this study,
the U.S. average urban CO exposure estimates developed above were simply scaled by
the ratio 470 //g/m3 / 842 //g/m3. Obviously, there is considerable uncertainty associated
with these estimates, and they should be used only with that caveat in mind.
The resulting urban and rural CO exposure estimates developed using the methodologies
described above are summarized in Table 10-1. As observed in that table, the same
trends across quarters and demographic groups occur as seen in Table 8-1.
Urban and Rural Emission Rates
Average urban area and average rural area 1990 CO emission rates as well as toxics
emission rates (all calendar years and scenarios) were generated next. These estimates
were based on mapping each of the 26 modeled areas evaluated in this study to each
county in the U.S., generally based on similarities in fuel parameters, ambient
-121-
-------
temperatures, and I/M programs. A more detailed description of the mapping strategy
used in this evaluation was described in Section 9 of this report.
Table 10-1
1990 On-Road Motor Vehicle CO Exposure Estimates
for Average Urban and Average Rural Areas (jig/m3)
Urban/Rural
Urban
Rural
Demo
Group
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-17
Total Population
Outdoor Workers
Children 0-17
Total Population
Quarter
1
623
509
535
348
284
299
2
446
373
393
249
208
219
3
433
360
371
242
201
207
4
531
440
457
297
246
255
Annual
Average
509
421
439
284
235
245
Once each county was mapped to a modeled area, mean emission levels for average urban
and average rural areas were compiled. This was accomplished by using the county-level
VMT estimates to weight the 1990 CO and toxics emission rates. This calculation was
performed for all counties in the U.S., for the four analysis years included in this study
(1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020), and for all control scenarios.
The results of the above analysis are summarized in Volume II of this report, which
presents fleet-average emission rates for benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, 1,3-
butadiene, MTBE, and Diesel particulate. Annual average emission results are presented
separately for urban areas, rural areas, and for the U.S. as a whole. In addition, results are
presented for each control scenario considered in this study.
It should be noted that the urban, rural, and U.S. average emission rates calculated in this
effort are subject to a moderate degree of uncertainty as a result of the mapping strategy
employed in the calculations. In effect, the 26 modeled areas were used to represent all
combinations of temperatures, fuels, and I/M programs throughout the U.S. This causes
errors in the emissions estimated for a number of areas. However, the approach used in
this study is considered more robust that the previous analysis (which used results from 9
areas) because emissions for an additional 17 areas were calculated and added to the
mapping strategy.
Population Forecasts
-122-
-------
The methodology to generate urban and rural population estimates relied on the 1990 and
1997 U.S. Census Bureau populations for each county in the U.S. as a starting point.
Those counties were flagged as being either urban or rural based on the assignments used
in EPA's draft urban air toxics strategy.24 The 1996 population estimates were based on
interpolating between the 1990 and 1997 values. Forecasts to 2007 and 2020 for each
county were prepared by applying state-level population growth rates that were developed
by the Census Bureau. The results of this analysis are given in Table 10-2, along with
national population projections from the Census Bureau.25 As observed in that table,
there is reasonable agreement between the census projections and the modeled projections
developed as described above.
Table 10-2
U.S. Population Assumptions Used to Estimate National Exposure
(Millions)
Calendar
Year
1990
1996
2007
2020
Modeled Population
Urban
206
220
241
269
Rural
42
45
49
53
Total
248
265
290
322
Census
Projections
249
265
291
333
Toxic Exposure Estimates for Urban and Rural Areas
Using the same methodology described in Section 8 for the ten modeled urban areas,
on-road motor vehicle air toxics exposures were estimated for "average" urban and rural
areas as follows:
TOXExposure_Unadj(Mg/m3) L^OExposure(Mg/m3)/COEF(g/mi)J1990 x TOXEF(g/mi)
TOXExposure_Adj (Mg/m3) = TOXExposure.Unadj (Mg/m3) x ReactivityAdj x VMTAdj
These calculations were performed within a FORTRAN model similar to that developed
to generate exposure estimates for the ten modeled urban areas. The 1990 CO exposure
estimates used in the calculations are those summarized above in Table 8-1, the reactivity
adjustments (for 1,3-butadiene) are those used in the modeled urban areas, and the VMT
adjustment was developed based on summing total urban and rural area VMT for the
analysis years and generating a ratio using the 1990 results as the denominator.
-123-
-------
The resulting annual-average exposure estimates for urban and rural areas are
summarized in Table 10-3 to 10-8 (benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene,
MTBE, and Diesel PM, respectively) for the total population and for all on-road vehicles
for Scenarios 0, 1, 2, 3, and 6 (i.e., the light-duty vehicle control measures). A complete
listing of urban and rural exposure estimates (i.e., by vehicle class, season, and
demographic group) is contained in Volume II of this report. In addition, U.S. average
exposure estimates are presented in that volume. Those estimates were calculated as a
population-weighted average of the urban and rural exposure results. A comparison of
the results in Tables 10-3 to 10-8 to the exposure estimates for the modeled urban areas
shows that the "average" U.S. urban exposure falls within the range of values calculated
for the modeled urban areas. The rural exposure estimates shown in Table 10-3 to 10-8
are at the low end of the modeled urban area exposure estimates.
insert Table 10-3
-124-
-------
Table 10-3
Annual Average Exposure Results for Benzene
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Urban
Rural
50-State
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
Calendar Year
1990
1.153
___
___
___
—
0.648
___
___
___
—
1.067
___
___
___
—
1996
0.735
___
___
___
—
0.433
___
___
___
—
0.683
___
___
___
—
2007
0.420
0.390
0.381
0.373
0.371
0.261
0.239
0.233
0.228
0.228
0.393
0.364
0.356
0.348
0.347
2020
0.375
0.346
0.293
0.256
0.250
0.243
0.222
0.193
0.167
0.170
0.353
0.326
0.277
0.241
0.236
-------
Table 10-4
Annual Average Exposure Results for Acetaldehyde
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: us/ni3)
Area
Urban
Rural
50-State
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
Calendar Year
1990 | 1996
0.183
—
—
—
—
0.105
—
—
—
—
0.170
—
—
—
—
0.126
—
—
—
—
0.067
—
—
—
—
0.116
—
—
—
—
2007 | 2020
0.071
0.068
0.067
0.068
0.066
0.037
0.036
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.065
0.063
0.062
0.062
0.061
0.069
0.067
0.060
0.061
0.056
0.037
0.036
0.032
0.032
0.030
0.064
0.062
0.056
0.056
0.052
Table 10-5
Annual Average Exposure Results for Formaldehyde
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: us/ni3)
Area
Urban
Rural
50-State
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
Calendar Year
1990
0.618
—
—
—
—
0.359
—
—
—
—
0.574
—
—
—
—
1996
0.368
—
—
—
—
0.193
—
—
—
—
0.338
—
—
—
—
2007
0.172
0.167
0.164
0.167
0.162
0.090
0.087
0.086
0.087
0.085
0.158
0.153
0.151
0.154
0.149
2020
0.170
0.165
0.151
0.155
0.142
0.089
0.087
0.080
0.081
0.076
0.157
0.152
0.139
0.143
0.131
-------
Table 10-6
Annual Average Exposure Results for 1,3-Butadiene
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: us/ni3)
Area
Urban
Rural
50-State
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
Calendar Year
1990 | 1996
0.119
—
—
—
—
0.070
—
—
—
—
0.111
—
—
—
—
0.073
—
—
—
—
0.044
—
—
—
—
0.068
—
—
—
—
2007 | 2020
0.041
0.037
0.036
0.036
0.035
0.026
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.022
0.038
0.035
0.034
0.034
0.033
0.040
0.036
0.032
0.030
0.026
0.026
0.024
0.021
0.019
0.018
0.038
0.034
0.030
0.028
0.025
Table 10-7
Annual Average Exposure Results for MTBE
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: us/ni3)
Area
Urban
Rural
50-State
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
Calendar Year
1990
0.234
—
—
—
—
0.164
—
—
—
—
0.222
—
—
—
—
1996
0.349
—
—
—
—
0.049
—
—
—
—
0.298
—
—
—
—
2007
0.128
0.134
0.134
0.130
0.133
0.017
0.024
0.024
0.023
0.024
0.109
0.116
0.115
0.112
0.114
2020
0.098
0.102
0.097
0.083
0.091
0.014
0.021
0.020
0.018
0.020
0.084
0.089
0.084
0.073
0.079
-------
Table 10-8
Annual Average Exposure Results for Diesel PM
Total Population ~ All On-Road Vehicles
(Units: ug/m3)
Area
Urban
Rural
50-State
Scenario
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
Base
Sc#l
Sc#2
Sc#3
Sc#6
1990
CO Ratio
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
10.35
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
5.42
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.44
Calendar Year
1990
0.918
___
___
___
—
0.482
___
___
___
—
0.844
___
___
___
—
1996
0.518
___
___
___
—
0.244
___
___
___
—
0.472
___
___
___
—
2007
0.303
0.303
0.301
0.329
0.301
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.159
0.146
0.276
0.276
0.275
0.300
0.275
2020
0.322
0.322
0.313
0.349
0.313
0.155
0.155
0.151
0.168
0.151
0.295
0.295
0.286
0.319
0.286
-------
11. RISK ASSESSMENT
Using the on-road motor vehicle toxic exposure estimates generated in Sections 8 and 10,
estimates of individual cancer risk can be calculated from the following formula:
CANInd = TOXExposure.Adj (re/m3) x (UR / YPL)
where TOXExposure.Adj (Mg/m3) is the adjusted toxic exposure estimates generated in Section 8
for individual urban areas and in Section 10 for the U.S. average urban and rural areas;
UR is the unit risk in cancer cases or deaths per person exposed in a lifetime to 1 |ig/m3 of
the toxic compound of interest; and YPL is years per lifetime (typically assumed to be 70
years).
To calculate the total cancer cases for the population, the individual cancer risk defined
above is simply multiplied by the population subject to the toxic compound exposure,
i.e.,
CANp = CANInd x Population
Because EPA has not yet finalized revised unit risk estimates, Sierra was directed only to
set up a methodology to calculate individual risk and cancer incidences. This was
accomplished within several FORTRAN routines that were developed to generate
exposure estimates. The models were structured to allow a user to input two estimates of
unit risk for each pollutant (a lower bound and an upper bound), as well as alternative
years per lifetime estimates. Individual risk is reported in terms of cancer cases per
million people, and total cancer cases are calculated based on the population in each area.
Estimates are prepared for each of the ten modeled urban areas under the entire suite of
forecast years and control scenarios for which exposure is estimated. In addition,
estimates can be made for the U.S. and for the seven areas that were used to evaluate the
fuel control proposals defined in Scenarios 4 and 5.
A copy of the individual cancer risk output from the model is given in Table 11-1 for
benzene for the ten urban areas modeled in this effort (performed for the total population
and all vehicle classes). Note that the range of unit risk values used in this analysis was
provided by EPA and was selected simply for calculational purposes. It is not necessarily
reflective of the values EPA may ultimately use in its analyses.
-128-
-------
Table 11-1
Sample Output from the Exposure Model
Benzene Cancer Incidences per Million People
###
-129-
-------
DRAFT - DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE
Cancer Incidences Per Million People for Benzene
Demographic Group: All
Vehicle Class: All Veh
Low-Range Unit Risk (per million):
High-Range Unit Risk (per million):
Assumed Years Per Lifetime: 70.0
2.180
7 .
Area Seen
ATLANTA Base
ATLANTA Sc#l
ATLANTA Sc#2
ATLANTA Sc#3
CHICAGO Base
CHICAGO Sc#l
CHICAGO Sc#2
CHICAGO Sc#3
DENVER Base
DENVER Sc#l
DENVER Sc#2
DENVER Sc#3
HOUSTON Base
HOUSTON Sc#l
HOUSTON Sc#2
HOUSTON Sc#3
MINNEAPOLIS Base
MINNEAPOLIS Sc#l
MINNEAPOLIS Sc#2
MINNEAPOLIS Sc#3
NEW YORK Base
NEW YORK Sc#l
NEW YORK Sc#2
NEW YORK Sc#3
PHILADELPHIA Base
PHILADELPHIA Sc#l
PHILADELPHIA Sc#2
PHILADELPHIA Sc#3
PHOENIX Base
PHOENIX Sc#l
PHOENIX Sc#2
PHOENIX Sc#3
SPOKANE Base
SPOKANE Sc#l
SPOKANE Sc#2
SPOKANE Sc#3
ST LOUIS Base
ST LOUIS Sc#l
CY1990
Low High
0.02896 0.10215
0.02443 0.08616
0.02356 0.08310
0.02174 0.07668
0.05151 0.18172
0.05247 0.18507
0.02606 0.09193
0.05102 0.17996
0.03664 0.12923
0.01698 0.05988
CY1996
Low High
0.02604 0.09185
0.01499 0.05289
0.02216 0.07816
0.01670 0.05892
0.03452 0.12176
0.02450 0.08644
0.01599 0.05640
0.03913 0.13804
0.02841 0.10022
0.01453 0.05124
CY2007
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
Low
.01496
.01320
. 01287
.01263
.00823
. 00771
.00750
.00737
.01354
.01210
.01181
.01160
.00873
.00837
.00816
.00802
.02467
. 02377
.02324
.02269
.01306
.01249
.01213
.01193
.00703
.00664
.00645
.00634
.01221
.01282
.01250
.01232
.01638
.01439
.01402
.01376
.00776
.00715
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
High
.05278
.04658
.04539
.04456
.02904
. 02721
.02645
.02598
. 04777
.04269
.04166
.04091
.03080
.02951
. 02877
.02830
.08702
.08385
.08198
.08005
.04608
. 04406
. 04278
.04208
.02480
.02344
.02276
.02237
.04306
.04522
. 04411
.04346
. 05777
.05075
. 04946
.04855
.02736
.02522
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
CY2020
Low
.01333
.01163
.00964
.00848
.00686
.00634
.00519
.00458
. 01177
.01038
.00869
. 00770
.00751
.00710
.00591
.00524
.02337
.02246
.01968
.01681
.01076
.01016
.00827
.00732
.00599
.00560
.00457
.00403
.01119
.01172
. 00977
.00871
.01383
.01200
.00997
. 00877
.00637
.00578
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
High
. 04702
.04103
.03399
.02993
.02420
.02236
.01832
.01614
.04153
.03660
.03066
.02715
.02650
.02505
.02085
.01849
.08245
. 07924
.06943
.05929
.03795
.03585
.02918
.02582
.02113
.01975
.01611
.01421
.03946
.04136
. 03447
.03073
. 04877
.04232
.03516
.03095
.02246
. 02041
-------
ST LOUIS Sc#2 0.00695 0.02451 0.00473 0.01670
ST LOUIS Sc#3 0.00682 0.02407 0.00417 0.01472
-------
12. MODELED EXPOSURE vs. MONITORING DATA
As part of Task 11 of this work assignment, Radian/ERG was to compare the base case
(calendar year 1996) exposure estimates for acetaldehyde, benzene, 1,3-butadiene,
formaldehyde, MTBE, and Diesel particulate matter (PM) with annual average ambient
measurement data obtained for the cities evaluated in this study. As explained below, a
very limited amount of toxic measurement data were located for use in the comparison; in
fact, no data for MTBE or Diesel PM were located for any cities used in the exposure
study, consequently, no comparison could be conducted for these compounds.
Ambient Measurement Data
Ambient data used in this analysis were researched and provided by EPA. AIRS data
were compiled for the modeled areas, as well as nationwide statistics. The AIRS data
provided statistics by compound, city, and calendar year (1988 through 1997). These
statistics included average concentration, standard deviation, and number of samples.
Unfortunately, the AIRS ambient data provided a limited amount of useful data for the
comparison study for a number of reasons:
• No ambient data were available for any compound for Phoenix or Spokane
(Seattle was selected as a surrogate, but no data for the modeled compounds
were found for this site either);
• No ambient data were available for any modeled area for MTBE or Diesel
particulate; and
• No ambient data were available for some modeled areas for the year of interest
(i.e., base case year 1996). As a result, years 1994-1997 were included.
In addition to these limitations, we assumed the average concentrations provided
represented the annual average for the given year, since average number of samples for
any given compound was approximately 60.
Results
Table 12-1 shows the comparison of the modeled base case exposure estimates versus the
ambient data. (Note that the 1996 ambient measurements are in bold type to allow easier
-130-
-------
comparison to the exposure estimates, which were prepared for calendar year 1996.)
Only compounds for which both modeled exposure estimates and ambient data exist are
presented. At first glance, the base-case modeled exposure estimates appear considerably
underestimated when compared to ambient measurements. However, the modeled
estimates are for motor vehicle-related exposure only, whereas the ambient measurements
represent all emission sources of the compound (i.e., industrial point and area sources,
off-road mobile, as well as on-road mobile sources).
The "On-Road CO Fraction" column in Table 12-1 provides the city-specific CO
exposure fraction for motor vehicles. The CO exposure numbers are calculated on the
basis of how much time groups of individuals spend in different microenvironments, and
the motor vehicle-related CO concentration in those microenvironments.* Thus,
assuming that the motor vehicle-related CO level is lower indoors than out, exposure
should be less than an outdoor average concentration from monitoring data. In the ten
cities for which HAPEM exposure estimates were calculated, the 1990 population-
weighted modeled CO exposure for motor vehicles only was 475 //g/m3. The annual
average CO concentration (from monitoring data) in those areas is about 1500 //g/m3.
Thus, the modeled exposure is about one-third the average ambient concentration.
Assuming that two-thirds to three-fourths of ambient CO is from motor vehicles, then the
modeled exposure is approximately half the ambient concentration (both on a motor
vehicle basis).
Applying this rationale and looking at benzene in Chicago, one observes that Chicago has
a modeled estimated exposure from motor vehicles of 0.48 //g/m3 in 1996. The ambient
data show an annual average concentration of 1.4 //g/m3. Thus, the modeled exposure
estimate is about one-third of the ambient benzene. This result appears very reasonable,
particularly given all of the uncertainties in the analysis.
Some of the other areas look worse for some pollutants, but much of that can be
explained. For example, most of the ambient benzene in Houston is not likely due to
motor vehicles, although the on-road mobile CO fraction is 59%. In most urban areas,
approximately 30% to 50% of ambient hydrocarbons are from motor vehicles, with
Houston likely even less due to significant industrial sources in the region. If that were
the case, then vehicle-related ambient benzene would be 0.58 and the exposure estimate
0.54, so the exposure estimate may be a little high.
Therefore, despite limited data, the above motor vehicle-related modeled exposure
estimates appear to correspond reasonably well with ambient data. With the possible
exception of 1,3-butadiene for Houston (where stationary source emissions for this
compound may be high), the comparison shows that the modeled exposure and measured
concentration are not orders of magnitude different.
Note that exposure estimates represent only exposure to "ambient" sources, not sources originating within
microenvironments.
-131-
-------
Table 12-1
Comparison of Ambient Concentration Measurements to
Modeled 1996 Exposure Estimates (/^g/ni3)
Pollutant
Benzene
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
1,3 -Butadiene
Urban
Area
Chicago
Houston
Minneapolis
New York
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Houston
On-Road
CO Fraction
64%
59%
72%
74%
72%
74%
70%
72%
74%
70%
59%
1996
Exposure
Estimate
0.482
0.536
1.108
0.787
0.269
0.146
0.087
0.459
0.508
0.305
0.057
Ambient Measurements
1994
4.3
4.5
2.5
4.6
0.91
5.1
1.3
1995
2.1
3.9
1.9
1.7
1.3
1.6
1.3
1996
1.4
2.9
1.9
1.9
1.4
2.5
2
3.1
1
1997
1.3
2.5
1.4
2.3
2.3
4.3
5.2
###
-132-
-------
13. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
As part of Task 8 of this work assignment, Sierra and Radian/ERG were to perform a
sensitivity analysis of the emissions results prepared under Tasks 1 and 2. Based on input
from the Work Assignment Manager, the following sensitivity cases were investigated in
this effort:
• Deterioration rates for 1983 and later model year LDGVs and 1984 and later
model year LDGTs were doubled;
• Emissions results for minimum and maximum values of specific fuel properties
were evaluated to give a range of potential results in particular urban areas;
• Toxics fractions from the 1993 Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study26
(MVRATS) for 1981 and later model year light-duty cars and trucks were used
in place of those fractions developed from the Complex Model; and
• MOBILES-based registration distributions and mileage accumulation rates were
used in place of the draft MOBILE6 values used in the baseline analysis.
The discussion below summarizes the results of the sensitivity analysis.
Double Deterioration Rates
One of the concerns that has been expressed by reviewers of the draft MOBILE6 proposal
for revisions to base emission rate equations is that the dramatically lower deterioration
rates may understate emissions from late-model cars and light-duty trucks. Because the
hydrocarbon (or, more correctly, TOG) base emission rate equations form the basis of the
toxics emissions estimates prepared in this study, the same concern about potential
underestimation of emissions also holds in the estimation of motor vehicle air toxics. As
a result, one of the sensitivity cases assessed in this effort was to evaluate the impact of
doubling the TOG deterioration rates for light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) and light-
duty gasoline trucks (LDGT1 and LDGT2 categories). This assessment was performed
for two areas included in the Task 1 and Task 2 evaluation: Ohio Valley I/M (e.g.,
Cleveland) and Philadelphia. TOG deterioration rates were revised for 1983 and newer
model year LDGVs and for 1984 and newer model year LDGTs. The model was run for
1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020. The 1990 and 1996 runs conformed in every other respect
-133-
-------
with the baseline case, and the 2007 and 2020 runs conformed to the Scenario #2 case
(i.e., 30 ppm national sulfur cap on gasoline plus Tier 2 emission standards).
The annual average emissions results from this evaluation are summarized in Table 13-1.
As expected, doubling the TOG deterioration rates for cars and light-duty trucks results in
an overall increase in fleet-average emissions for all toxics. The increase relative to the
baseline deterioration rates is least pronounced (on a percentage basis) for the 1990
calendar year runs and most pronounced for the 2020 runs. This was expected because
the 1990 and 1996 runs contain a large fraction of older vehicles that were not impacted
by the deterioration rate change. By 2007, nearly all of the light-duty cars and trucks
making up the modeled fleet are subject to the deterioration rate revision.
Table 13-1
Results of Sensitivity Case #1:
Double Deterioration Rates from 1983+ MY LDGVs and 1984+ MY LDGTs
(Annual Average Emissions for the Entire Fleet)
Area
Ohio
Valley
I/M
e.g.,
Cleveland
Philadelphia
Year
1990
1996
2007
2020
1990
1996
2007
2020
Scenario
Base DRs
2XDRs
Base DRs
2XDRs
Base DRs
2XDRs
Base DRs
2XDRs
Base DRs
2XDRs
Base DRs
2XDRs
Base DRs
2XDRs
Base DRs
2XDRs
Benzene
(mg/mi)
112.9
122.6
64.2
82.8
24.7
38.2
13.4
21.9
105.7
116.0
54.7
70.8
18.2
28.5
10.5
17.1
Acet.
(mg/mi)
19.9
20.8
10.2
12.0
4.0
5.4
2.8
3.6
18.4
19.3
9.2
10.7
3.4
4.3
2.5
3.0
Form.
(mg/mi)
70.0
72.0
30.3
33.9
10.0
12.7
7.0
8.7
59.8
61.7
32.6
36.7
10.6
13.4
7.4
9.1
Butadiene
(mg/mi)
16.7
18.2
8.1
11.3
3.0
5.5
2.0
3.6
16.9
18.9
7.3
10.5
2.7
4.7
1.8
3.2
MTBE
(mg/mi)
35.8
36.3
8.0
8.5
2.4
2.6
1.1
1.1
0
0
67.8
74.5
28.5
35.7
16.7
20.7
The trend line for benzene emissions is illustrated in Figure 13-1 for the base
deterioration rate case (Base DRs) and the double deterioration rate case (2X DRs). As
observed in that figure, substantial decreases in fleet-average benzene emissions are
predicted between 1990 and 2020, even if the exhaust emissions deterioration rates are
doubled. Similar results are seen for the other toxic pollutants, but the difference between
the 2X DRs case and the Base DRs is less pronounced for MTBE emission rates. That is
-134-
-------
because evaporative emissions make up a larger fraction of MTBE emissions than
exhaust emissions, and only exhaust emissions were impacted in this sensitivity case.
-135-
-------
Figure 13-1
Minimum/Maximum Fuel Properties
The second sensitivity case investigated in this study was to evaluate toxics emission
rates at the extremes of fuel parameter values for a limited number of urban areas. To
perform this analysis, fuel data from the Summer 1996 AAMA fuel survey27 were
reviewed to identify areas that had a wide range of values for sulfur, aromatics, olefms,
and benzene. Rather than simply assuming a range of fuel properties for this sensitivity
case, this approach was selected to ensure that the fuel specifications analyzed
represented "real" fuels. The review of the AAMA data resulted in the following areas
being selected for analysis:
Cleveland (sulfur ranged from 80 ppm to 820 ppm);
• Minneapolis (aromatics ranged from 5.2 vol% to 35.1 vol%);
• Philadelphia (olefms ranged from 7.0 vol% to 22.8 vol%); and
Seattle (benzene ranged from 1.4 vol% to 4.2 vol%).
-136-
-------
Figure 13-1
140
E
^>
120 --
100 --
80 --
40 --
20 --
0
1985
Impact of Doubling LDV Deterioration Rates
On Fleet-Average Benzene Emissions
(Ohio Valley - I/M)
—•— Base DRs
--0--2XDRS
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Calendar Year
-------
A summary of all fuel properties used in this analysis is given in Table 13-2, and the
modeled results for calendar year 1996 (reported for light-duty gasoline vehicles only) are
summarized in Table 13-3. For the Cleveland analysis, the impact of fuel sulfur was
-137-
-------
Table 13-2
Specifications Used in the Minimum/Maximum Fuel Parameter Sensitivity Case
(1996 Summer Fuel Properties)
Area
Cleveland
Cleveland
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Seattle
Seattle
Scenario
Min S
MaxS
Min Aromatics
Max Aromatics
Min Olefins
Max Olefins
Min Benzene
Max Benzene
Rvp
(psi)
8.5
8.6
9.7
9.2
8.0
7.6
9.3
8.2
Aromatics
(vol%)
27.8
31.4
5.2
35.1
24.3
25.8
36.9
55.6
Olefins
(vol%)
11.5
10.4
10.9
5.1
7.0
22.8
3.1
6.9
Benzene
(vol%)
1.5
1.7
0.3
1.5
0.6
0.5
1.4
4.2
Sulfur
(ppm)
80
820
40
40
150
210
240
10
E200
(vol%)
39.1
44.0
60.2
38.6
55.8
50.4
37.2
33.3
E300
(vol%)
78.3
82.2
92.3
86.0
82.7
81.3
81.3
87.5
MTBE
(vol%)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.6
12.0
0.0
0.0
EtOH
(vol%)
0.0
0.0
9.4
9.8
0.0
0.0
9.4
0.0
Oxygen
(wt%)
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.4
2.1
2.1
3.2
0.0
-------
Table 13-3
Results of Sensitivity Case #2:
Comparison of CY1996 Results Using
Minimum/Maximum Fuel Parameters in Four Urban Areas
(LDGV Summer Emissions)
Area
Cleveland
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
Seattle
Parameter
Sulfur
Aromatics
Olefins
Benzene
Min/
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
Value
80 ppm
820 ppm
5.2 vol%
35.1vol%
7.0 vol%
22.8 vol%
1.4vol%
4.2 vol%
Benzene
(mg/mi)
48.4
60.6
17.2
52.6
28.9
29.2
55.0
147.3
Acet.
(mg/mi)
4.0
4.2
8.9
8.7
3.7
3.7
8.9
3.2
Form.
(mg/mi)
11.2
11.7
11.7
11.1
13.5
13.2
11.5
9.0
Butadiene
(mg/mi)
5.1
5.0
3.6
3.4
3.6
5.6
3.5
3.8
most pronounced for benzene emissions. However, because this is a calendar year 1996
model run, the overall effect of sulfur is lower than for future years in which LEV
vehicles are part of the fleet. (Recall that the sulfur impact is greatest for LEV-category
vehicles.) The impact of aromatics content in the Minneapolis runs is very pronounced
for benzene emissions. As observed in Table 13-3, benzene emissions increased by a
factor of 3 when aromatics content was increased from 5.2% to 35.1%. However, this
increased aromatic content was also accompanied by an increase in benzene content
(from 0.3% to 1.5%). Thus, the large increase in benzene emissions is partially
attributable to increased benzene in the gasoline. However, one would generally expect
an increase in benzene content as the aromatic content of gasoline is increased. The
Philadelphia runs demonstrate the emissions impact of the possible range of olefin
content observed in gasoline in 1996. As seen in Table 13-3, 1,3-butadiene emissions are
most significantly impacted by olefin content, with an increase of 56% percent as olefin
content is increased from 7.0% to 22.8%. Finally, the Seattle runs illustrate the emissions
impact of increased benzene content on toxics emissions. In that case, benzene content
ranged from 1.4% to 4.2%, which resulted in nearly a three-fold increase in benzene
emissions (evaporative and exhaust). It is interesting to note, however, that the fuel with
the lower benzene content was oxygenated (9.4% ethanol), which resulted in increased
levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde relative to the high-benzene fuel.
To serve as a comparison point with the results obtained from the toxics model developed
in this study (MOBTOXSb), the fuel properties contained in Table 13-2 were run through
the Complex model, and the results are reported in Table 13-4. Comparing Tables 13-3
and 13-4, it is interesting to note that the general trends are similar between the
MOBTOXSb model and the Complex model. This was not unexpected, since the
Complex model relationships were used for Tier 0 and newer vehicles in the
MOBTOXSb model. What is surprising, however, is the similarity of numerical values
-139-
-------
between the two models. Given that the Complex model reflects an aged fleet of 1990
model year
Table 13-4
Evaluation of Sensitivity Case #2 Using the Complex Model
Area
Cleveland
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
Seattle
Parameter
Sulfur
Aromatics
Olefins
Benzene
Min/
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
Value
80 ppm
820 ppm
5.2 vol%
35.1vol%
7.0 vol%
22.8 vol%
1.4vol%
4.2 vol%
Benzene
(mg/mi)
47.7
74.2
22.0
48.3
31.9
32.4
52.1
148.0
Acet.
(mg/mi)
4.5
5.1
9.5
9.1
4.1
4.1
9.7
3.4
Form.
(mg/mi)
10.1
9.6
10.0
9.9
11.8
9.2
10.6
8.1
Butadiene
(mg/mi)
10.9
10.0
7.5
6.9
7.4
13.9
6.9
7.7
vehicles evaluated with MOBILES and the MOBTOXSb model reflects a 1996 calendar
year fleet (reflecting 1972 to 1996 model year vehicles) with significant changes to model
inputs to reflect revisions expected with MOBILE6, this result was purely chance. The
largest difference in emissions estimates is for 1,3-butadiene, with the MOBTOXSb
model predicting lower values. That is a result of revised base emission rate equations
that assume a lower fraction of high-emitting vehicles in the fleet relative to MOBILES
(there is a higher fraction of 1,3-butadiene in exhaust from higher-emitting vehicles than
from lower-emitting vehicles).
Toxics Fractions Based on MVRATS
A third sensitivity case that was investigated in this study was to use toxics fractions
developed in EPA's 1993 MVRATS in place of those derived from the Complex model
relationships for 1981 and later model year cars and light trucks. This was performed for
two areas: Ohio Valley I/M, which is reflective of Cleveland and Philadelphia. The
MOBTOX model was run for 1990, 1996, 2007, and 2020, and the results are presented
in Table 13-5. The 2007 and 2020 runs assumed Scenario #2 controls were in effect, i.e.,
a 30 ppm national sulfur rule and Tier 2 exhaust emission standards. As observed in
Table 13-5, the differences between the two approaches is relatively small, particularly
given all of the uncertainties associated with this analysis. In general, the MVRATS
fractions result in slightly lower 1,3-butadiene emissions and slightly higher emissions of
formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Benzene emissions using the MVRATS fractions are
slightly lower in 1990 for both Cleveland and Philadelphia, while the opposite is true for
-140-
-------
the 1996 and later calendar years. (Because MTBE was not evaluated in MVRATS, it is
not shown in Table 13-5.)
Table 13-5
Results of Sensitivity Case #3:
Use Toxics Fractions from MVRATS for MY 1981+ LDGVs and LDGTs
(Annual Average Emissions for the Entire Fleet)
Area
Ohio
Valley
I/M
e.g.,
Cleveland
Philadelphia
Year
1990
1996
2007
2020
1990
1996
2007
2020
Scenario
Base (Sc#0)
MVRATS
Base (Sc#0)
MVRATS
Base (Sc#2)
MVRATS
Base (Sc#2)
MVRATS
Base (Sc#0)
MVRATS
Base (Sc#0)
MVRATS
Base (Sc#2)
MVRATS
Base (Sc#2)
MVRATS
Benzene
(mg/mi)
112.9
112.5
64.2
67.0
24.4
25.6
13.4
13.5
105.7
105.0
54.7
58.6
18.2
19.3
10.5
10.7
Acet.
(mg/mi)
19.8
20.4
10.2
10.9
4.0
4.2
2.8
2.8
18.4
18.8
9.2
10.1
3.4
3.8
2.5
2.6
Form.
(mg/mi)
70.0
71.5
30.3
31.2
10.0
10.2
7.0
7.0
59.8
60.8
32.6
35.3
10.6
11.4
7.4
7.7
Butadiene
(mg/mi)
16.7
16.6
8.1
8.1
3.0
2.6
2.0
1.6
16.9
16.2
7.3
7.3
2.7
2.4
1.8
1.5
MOBILE5-Based Registration Distributions and Mileage Accumulation
Rates
Included in the MOBTOX model are the draft MOBILE6 revisions to registration
distributions and mileage accumulation rates to better reflect current data on the motor
vehicle fleet. In general, vehicles are more durable and are staying on the road longer
than the 1990 fleet that is reflected in the MOBILES registration distributions. In
addition, vehicles are accruing miles faster than the mileage accumulation rates reflected
in MOBILES. Both of these occurrences result in increased fleet-average emissions
relative to MOBILES. As a result, the final sensitivity analysis performed for this study
investigated the impacts of retaining MOBILES registration fractions and mileage
accumulation rates. Table 13-6 summarizes the results of that analysis, which was
performed for 2007 and 2020. (Consistent with the sensitivity cases presented above, the
-141-
-------
"base" case in Table 13-6 is Tier 2 standards with 30 ppm sulfur fuel, i.e., Scenario 2.)
As observed in the table, the impacts of the registration distribution and mileage
accumulation rate changes are relatively moderate and do not have a large impact on
fleet-average emissions. Accounting for both the registration distribution and mileage
accumulation rate changes, emissions are impacted by less than 10%.
Table 13-6
Results of Sensitivity Case #4:
MOBILES Default Registration Distributions and Mileage Accumulation Rates
(Annual Average Emissions for the Entire Fleet)
Area
Ohio
Valley
I/M
e.g.,
Cleveland
Philadelphia
Year
2007
2020
2007
2020
Scenario
Base (Sc#2)
M5Reg
M5 Reg+MAR
Base (Sc#2)
M5Reg
M5 Reg+MAR
Base (Sc#2)
M5Reg
M5 Reg+MAR
Base (Sc#2)
M5Reg
M5 Reg+MAR
Benzene
(mg/mi)
24.4
23.8
22.8
13.4
13.6
12.3
18.2
17.9
17.3
10.5
10.3
9.7
Acet.
(mg/mi)
4.0
3.9
3.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.4
o o
J.J
3.4
2.5
2.5
2.4
Form.
(mg/mi)
10.0
9.8
9.9
7.0
7.0
6.9
10.6
10.4
10.5
7.4
7.4
7.2
Butadiene
(mg/mi)
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.0
1.9
1.8
2.7
2.6
2.4
1.8
1.8
1.6
MTBE
(mg/mi)
2.4
2.3
2.5
1.1
1.1
1.1
28.5
28.5
28.7
16.7
16.6
16.6
Sensitivity Analysis Summary
Overall, the largest impact in toxics emission rates was observed when the minimum and
maximum fuel parameter values were evaluated in an area. This was particularly evident
for benzene emissions when a wide aromatics range was investigated as well as when a
wide benzene range was evaluated. However, these estimates reflect only the range of
potential emission rates in an area, and the average emission level is unlikely to occur at
the extremes of the range. The sensitivity case that resulted in the most significant
difference across all pollutants was the doubling of deterioration rates. This had the
largest percentage impact for the 2020 runs. However, even with the deterioration rates
doubled, substantial decreases in fleet-average toxics emissions are predicted to occur
between 1990 and 2020. Finally, the use of toxics fractions from EPA's 1993 MVRATS
had a very small impact on fleet-average emissions, as did the use of MOBILES
registration distributions and mileage accumulation rates.
-142-
-------
###
-143-
-------
14. REFERENCES
1. "Estimation of Motor Vehicle Toxic Emissions and Exposure in Selected Urban
Areas," Prepared by Sierra Research, Radian International, and Energy and
Environmental Analysis for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Work
Assignment 0-07, Contract No. 68-C7-0051, October 15, 1998.
2. "Control of Emissions of Air Pollution from 2004 and Later Model Year Heavy-
Duty Highway Engines and Vehicles; Revisions of Light-Duty Truck Definition,"
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register. Vol. 64, No. 209,
October 29, 1999.
3. "Mobile Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, April 1993.
4. "Regulations for Fuels and Fuel Additives; Standards for Reformulated and
Conventional Gasoline; Final Rule," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 32, February 16, 1994.
5. Koupal, J.W. and Rykowski, R.A., "Methodology for Modifying MOBILESb in
the Tier 2 Study," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA420-R-98-004,
April 1998.
6. Koupal, J.W., "Air Conditioning Activity Effects in MOBILE6 - DRAFT," U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, M6.ACE.001, January 26, 1998.
7. "Effects of Fuel Oxygen Content on CO Emissions," Memorandum from Philip
Heirigs (Sierra Research) to David H. Lax (American Petroleum Institute),
February 13, 1998.
8. Rao, V., "Fuel Oxygen Effects on Exhaust CO Emissions - Recommendations for
MOBILE6 (Draft)," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No.
M6.FUL.002, March 16, 1998.
9. "Derivation of Technology Specific Effects of the Use of Oxygenated Fuel Blends
in Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
October 1988.
10. "Final Regulatory Impact Analysis for Reformulated Gasoline," U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, December 13, 1993.
-144-
-------
11. Wyborny, L., "Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) Emissions from Passenger
Cars," Draft Technical Report. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Mobile Sources, April 1998.
12. "Emission Control Technology Distribution," Prepared by Energy and
Environmental Analysis for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, February
10, 1997.
13. "National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Report," Prepared by E.H. Pechan for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Work Assignment 1-02, Contract No.
68D70067, October 1, 1997.
14. Personal communication. John Koupal, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
April 1999.
15. Personal communication. Dave Sosnowski, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, June 1998.
16. Personal communication. Buddy Polovick, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, April 1998.
17. "A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Stage JJ Refueling Controls and
Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery," Performed by Sierra Research for the
American Automobile Manufacturers Association, October 29, 1993.
18. Glen, G. and Shadwick, D., "Final Technical Report on the Analysis of Carbon
Monoxide Exposure for Fourteen Cities Using HAPEM-MS3," Prepared by
Mantech Environmental Technology, Inc. for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, March 1998.
19. "Determination of Annual Average CO Inventories and the Mobile Source
Contribution in Selected Areas Using the 1990 OAQPS Trends Data Base,"
Prepared by E.H. Pechan for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
September 1997.
20. Personal Communication. Pamela Brodowicz, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, September 1998.
21. Personal Communication. Maureen Mullen, E.H. Pechan to Pamela Brodowicz,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, September 1998.
22. "Documentation of Mobile Source Inventories Used in OAQPS Trends Report -
Task 2/3 Report," Prepared by E.H. Pechan for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, September 1997.
23. Johnson, T., McCoy, M., and Capel, L.E., "Enhancements to the Hazardous Air
Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM) as Applied to Mobile Source Pollutants,"
Prepared by International Technology Corporation for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, September 1993.
-145-
-------
24. "Draft Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy to Comply with Section 112(k),
112(c)(3) and Section 202(1) of the Clean Air Act," Federal Register, U.S. EPA,
September 1998.
25. "Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic
Origin: 1995 to 2050," U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
February 1996.
26. "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, April 1993.
27. "International Fuel Surveys - Gasoline & Diesel Fuel - Summer 1996," American
Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1996.
-146-
-------
Appendix A
Revised TOG Inputs for MOBTOXSb Emissions Modeling
The following inputs and data are included in this appendix:
1. TOG/NMHC Ratios
2. Alternative TOG base emission rate equations.
File Name Structure: aaa_bb_c.ber, where
aaa = area
bb = I/M or No IM
c = control program
Scenarios Modeled:
Areas
OTR=Ozone Transport Region
NTR=Non-OTR
HAL=High Altitude
CA= California
3. Off-cycle TOG correction factors
I/M Control Program
NO=none B=baseline (NLEV)
IM=yes C=LDV Tier 2 control
D=Inc. Diesel penetration
5=0.055 NMHC LDV std
H=HDGV control
Sample files given for Non-OTR, I/M regions for baseline case in 1990, 1996, 2007
and 2020. The complete series of files used in the analysis can be obtained
electronically from EPA.
-------
TOG/NMHC Correction Factors by Model Year and Vehicle Class
MY
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
LDGV
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.158
1.161
1.161
1.165
1.165
1.184
1.290
1.291
1.311
1.307
1.280
1.264
1.246
1.209
1.199
1.197
1.184
1.177
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
1.169
LDGT1
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.150
1.158
1.154
1.154
1.158
1.158
1.174
1.174
1.190
1.221
1.213
1.197
1.222
1.221
1.234
1.212
1.149
1.196
1.194
1.192
1.192
1.194
1.194
1.194
1.194
1.194
1.182
1.182
1.182
1.182
LDGT2
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.173
1.173
1.173
1.173
1.194
1.236
1.257
1.278
1.287
1.276
1.276
1.276
1.149
1.196
1.194
1.192
1.192
1.194
1.194
1.194
1.194
1.194
1.182
1.182
1.182
1.182
HDGV
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.252
1.271
1.271
1.271
1.271
1.271
1.367
1.406
1.406
1.610
1.610
1.610
1.610
1.610
1.610
1.618
1.618
1.618
1.618
1.629
1.629
1.629
1.629
1.637
LDDV
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
LDDT
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
1.1094
HDDV
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
1.1294
MC
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
1.099
-------
TOG BERs - I/M OTR Baseline Case
File: OTR_IM_B.BER
LDGV
0109
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.031
.028
.026
.019
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.022
. 017
.015
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.019 12.29
0.017 13.97
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.021 15.01
0.018 16.62
0.017 17.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
93
96
97
98
99
00
01
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.312
.264
.216
.216
.216
.216
.214
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.042
.038
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M OTR Tier 2 Control Case
File: OTR_IM_C.BER
LDGV
0117
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.319
.293
.313
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
.312
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.031
.028
.026
.019
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
.045
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.022
. 017
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.019 12.29
0.017 13.97
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.021 15.01
0.018 16.62
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M OTR Tier 2 Control Case - Inc. LD Diesel Penetration
File: OTR_IM_D.BER
LDGV
0117
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.319
.293
.313
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
.312
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.031
.028
.026
.019
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
.045
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.022
. 017
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.019 12.29
0.017 13.97
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.021 15.01
0.018 16.62
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.112
.102
.083
. 071
.060
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.011
.010
.008
.007
.006
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M OTR 0.055 NMHC Case
File: OTR_IM_5.BER
LDGV
0118
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.103
.075
.064
.028
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.319
.293
.313
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.028
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
.312
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.031
.028
.026
.019
.015
. 014
.009
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
.045
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.022
. 017
.015
.009
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.019 12.29
0.017 13.97
0.016 14.64
0.013 13.20
0.027 11.84
0.021 15.01
0.018 16.62
0.017 17.20
0.013 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.027
.916
.458
.369
.281
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.009
.009
.009
.009
.009
.009
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M OTR Tier 2 Control + HDGV Case
File: OTR_IM_H.BER
LDGV
0117
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.319
.293
.313
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
.312
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.031
.028
.026
.019
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
.045
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.022
. 017
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.019 12.29
0.017 13.97
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.021 15.01
0.018 16.62
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.820
.211
.159
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.015
.010
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - No I/M OTR Baseline Case
File: OTR_NO_B.BER
LDGV
0112
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.215
.190
.167
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.440
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.313
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.042
.028
.022
.015
.012
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.024
.020
.018
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0 . 042 3 .47
0.039 3.65
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.045 4.10
0 . 042 4 .46
0.040 4.59
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
98
99
00
01
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.216
.216
.216
.214
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.040
.040
.040
.039
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.055 3.38
0.055 3.38
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - No I/M OTR Control (Tier 2) Case
File: OTR_NO_C.BER
LDGV
0121
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.215
.190
.167
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.440
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.042
.028
.022
.015
.012
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.052
.040
.033
.024
.020
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0 . 042 3 .47
0.039 3.65
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.045 4.10
0 . 042 4 .46
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
.024
.025
.024
.023
.021
.019
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.044 5.13
0.045 5.08
0.044 5.15
0.043 5.23
0.041 5.36
0.039 5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - No I/M OTR Control (Tier 2) Case + Inc. LD Diesel Penetration
File: OTR_NO_D.BER
LDGV
0121
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.215
.190
.167
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.440
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.042
.028
.022
.015
.012
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.052
.040
.033
.024
.020
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0 . 042 3 .47
0.039 3.65
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.045 4.10
0 . 042 4 .46
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.112
.102
.083
. 071
.060
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
.024
.025
.024
.023
.021
.019
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.011
.010
.008
.007
.006
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.044 5.13
0.045 5.08
0.044 5.15
0.043 5.23
0.041 5.36
0.039 5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - No I/M OTR 0.055 NMHC Case
File: OTR_NO_5.BER
LDGV
0122
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.215
.190
.167
.156
.103
.075
.064
.028
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.440
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.028
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.042
.028
.022
.015
.012
.010
.006
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.052
.040
.033
.024
.020
.018
.012
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0 . 042 3 .47
0.039 3.65
0.038 3.72
0.034 3.93
0.052 3.38
0.045 4.10
0 . 042 4 .46
0.040 4.59
0 . 034 4 . 94
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.027
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - No I/M OTR Control + HDGV Tier 2 Case
File: OTR_NO_H.BER
LDGV
0121
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
96
99
00
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
98
99
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
94
95
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.215
.190
.167
.156
.103
.075
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.440
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.264
.216
.192
.122
.087
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.042
.028
.022
.015
.012
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.052
.040
.033
.024
.020
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0 . 042 3 .47
0.039 3.65
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.045 4.10
0 . 042 4 .46
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.820
.304
.241
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
.024
.025
.024
.023
.021
.019
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.020
.015
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.044 5.13
0.045 5.08
0.044 5.15
0.043 5.23
0.041 5.36
0.039 5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M Non-OTR Baseline Case
File: NTR_IM_B.BER
LDGV
0109
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.312
.264
.216
.192
.073
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M Non-OTR Control (Tier 2) Case
File: NTR_IM_C.BER
LDGV
0121
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.312
.264
.216
.192
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M Non-OTR Control (Tier 2) Case
File: NTR_IM_C.BER
LDGV
0121
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.312
.264
.216
.192
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M Non-OTR Control (Tier 2) Case + Inc. Diesel Penetration
File: NTR_IM_D.BER
LDGV
0121
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.312
.264
.216
.192
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.112
.102
.083
. 071
.060
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.011
.010
.008
.007
.006
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M Non-OTR 0.055 NMHC Case
File: NTR_IM_5.BER
LDGV
0122
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.028
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.312
.264
.216
.192
.073
.028
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.009
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
.009
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.013 13.20
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.013 15.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.027
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.009
.009
.009
.009
.009
.009
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
0.014 16.78
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M Non-OTR Control (Tier 2) + HDGV Case
File: NTR_IM_H.BER
LDGV
0121
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.312
.264
.216
.192
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.820
.211
.159
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.015
.010
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - Non-I/M Non-OTR Baseline Case
File: NTR_NO_B.BER
LDGV
0108
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.319
.335
.446
.434
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.313
.264
.216
.192
.073
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
93
94
95
96
97
01
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
00
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.313
.313
.313
.265
.216
.214
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.065
.065
.065
.052
.040 0.055 3.38
.039 0.054 3.38
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - Non-I/M Non-OTR Control (Tier 2) Case
File: NTR_NO_C.BER
LDGV
0117
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.446
.434
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.313
.264
.216
.192
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040 0.055
.039 0.054
.024 0.044
.025 0.045
.024 0.044
.023 0.043
.021 0.041
.019 0.039
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
3.38
3.38
5.13
5.08
5.15
5.23
5.36
5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - Non-I/M Non-OTR Control (Tier 2) Case + Inc. LD Diesels
File: NTR_NO_D.BER
LDGV
0117
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.446
.434
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.313
.264
.216
.192
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.112
.102
.083
. 071
.060
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040 0.055
.039 0.054
.024 0.044
.025 0.045
.024 0.044
.023 0.043
.021 0.041
.019 0.039
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.011
.010
.008
.007
.006
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
3.38
3.38
5.13
5.08
5.15
5.23
5.36
5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - Non-I/M Non-OTR 0.055 NMHC Case
File: NTR_NO_5.BER
LDGV
0118
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.028
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.446
.434
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.313
.264
.216
.192
.073
.028
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.006
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.012
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.034 3.93
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0 . 034 4 . 94
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.350
.275
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.027
.916
.458
.369
.281
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - Non-I/M Non-OTR Control (Tier 2) + HDGV Case
File: NTR_NO_H.BER
LDGV
0117
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.401
.400
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.319
.335
.446
.434
.401
.384
.331
.331
.320
.296
.314
.313
.264
.216
.192
.073
.065
.885
.486
.486
.887
.317
.339
.452
.450
.428
.405
.346
.342
.337
.296
.314
.313
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
.065
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.820
.304
.241
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.122
.111
.100
.089
.070
.052
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040 0.055
.039 0.054
.024 0.044
.025 0.045
.024 0.044
.023 0.043
.021 0.041
.019 0.039
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.020
.015
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
3.38
3.38
5.13
5.08
5.15
5.23
5.36
5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Baseline Case
File: HAL_IM_B.BER
LDGV
0112
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.567
.561
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.671
.671
.850
.743
.606
.570
.558
.417
.416
.399
.366
.392
.390
.310
.231
.192
.073
.751
.822
.822
.686
.668
.668
.855
.752
.627
.609
.587
.436
.430
.420
.366
.392
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.466
.255
.192
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Tier 2 Control Case
File: HAL_IM_C.BER
LDGV
0124
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.567
.561
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.671
.850
.743
.606
.570
.558
.417
.416
.399
.366
.392
.390
.310
.231
.192
.073
.065
.751
.822
.822
.686
.668
.668
.855
.752
.627
.609
.587
.436
.430
.420
.366
.392
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.466
.255
.192
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.154
.139
.126
.113
.089
.065
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Tier 2 Control Case - Inc. LD Diesel Penetration
File: HAL_IM_D.BER
LDGV
0124
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.567
.561
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.671
.850
.743
.606
.570
.558
.417
.416
.399
.366
.392
.390
.310
.231
.192
.073
.065
.751
.822
.822
.686
.668
.668
.855
.752
.627
.609
.587
.436
.430
.420
.366
.392
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.466
.255
.192
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.142
.129
. 104
.090
.076
.065
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.011
.010
.008
.007
.006
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude 0.055 NMHC Case
File: HAL_IM_5.BER
LDGV
0125
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.035
.042
.704
.567
.561
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.028
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.671
.850
.743
.606
.570
.558
.417
.416
.399
.366
.392
.390
.310
.231
.192
.073
.028
.751
.822
.822
.686
.668
.668
.855
.752
.627
.609
.587
.436
.430
.420
.366
.392
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.009
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
.009
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.013 13.20
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.013 15.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.394
.211
.159
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.154
.139
.126
.113
.089
.065
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.015
.010
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Tier 2 Control Case + HDGV
File: HAL_IM_C.BER
LDGV
0124
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.567
.561
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.671
.850
.743
.606
.570
.558
.417
.416
.399
.366
.392
.390
.310
.231
.192
.073
.065
.751
.822
.822
.686
.668
.668
.855
.752
.627
.609
.587
.436
.430
.420
.366
.392
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.016 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.264
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.394
.211
.159
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.154
.139
.126
.113
.089
.065
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.038
.034
.034
.019
.020
.019
.018
.016
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.015
.010
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.020 13.05
0.020 12.59
0.020 13.59
0 . 019 14 .45
0.018 16.33
0.017 17.99
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Baseline Case
File: HAL_NO_B.BER
LDGV
0112
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.490
.488
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.506
.506
.736
.670
.543
.501
.480
.414
.414
.400
.371
.393
.392
.311
.231
.192
.073
.751
.822
.822
.686
.503
.503
.741
.678
.562
.535
.506
.433
.428
.421
.371
.393
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.467
.350
.275
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040 0.055 3.38
.039 0.054 3.38
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Control (Tier 2) Case
File: HAL_NO_C.BER
LDGV
0124
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.490
.488
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.506
.736
.670
.543
.501
.480
.414
.414
.400
.371
.393
.392
.311
.231
.192
.073
.065
.751
.822
.822
.686
.503
.503
.741
.678
.562
.535
.506
.433
.428
.421
.371
.393
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.467
.350
.275
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.154
.139
.126
.113
.089
.065
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
.024
.025
.024
.023
.021
.019
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.044 5.13
0.045 5.08
0.044 5.15
0.043 5.23
0.041 5.36
0.039 5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Control (Tier 2) Case + Inc. LD Diesel Penetration
File: HAL_NO_D.BER
LDGV
0124
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.490
.488
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.506
.736
.670
.543
.501
.480
.414
.414
.400
.371
.393
.392
.311
.231
.192
.073
.065
.751
.822
.822
.686
.503
.503
.741
.678
.562
.535
.506
.433
.428
.421
.371
.393
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.467
.350
.275
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.142
.129
. 104
.090
.076
.065
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
.024
.025
.024
.023
.021
.019
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.011
.010
.008
.007
.006
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.044 5.13
0.045 5.08
0.044 5.15
0.043 5.23
0.041 5.36
0.039 5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude 0.055 NMHC Case
File: HAL_NO_5.BER
LDGV
0125
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.035
.042
.704
.490
.488
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.028
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.506
.736
.670
.543
.501
.480
.414
.414
.400
.371
.393
.392
.311
.231
.192
.073
.028
.751
.822
.822
.686
.503
.503
.741
.678
.562
.535
.506
.433
.428
.421
.371
.393
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.006
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.012
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.034 3.93
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0 . 034 4 . 94
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.028
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.467
.350
.275
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.027
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.023
.016
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
0.035 5.86
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - I/M High Altitude Control (Tier 2) + HDGV Case
File: HAL_NO_H.BER
LDGV
0124
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
5.
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
1 .
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
8.
8.
1 .
2.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.660
.765
.741
.783
.029
.035
.042
.704
.490
.488
.232
.257
.278
.334
.338
.223
.222
.219
.216
.214
.213
.190
.167
.156
.064
.660
.765
.741
.720
.423
.445
.434
.665
.506
.736
.670
.543
.501
.480
.414
.414
.400
.371
.393
.392
.311
.231
.192
.073
.065
.751
.822
.822
.686
.503
.503
.741
.678
.562
.535
.506
.433
.428
.421
.371
.393
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.223
.221
.116
.110
.102
.082
.080
.057
.058
.056
.055
.055
.055
.042
.028
.022
.010
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.183
.185
.109
.109
.111
.117
. 077
.073
.071
.068
.066
.065
.052
.040
.033
.018
.016
.186
.258
.176
.286
.182
.182
.186
.110
.113
.119
.123
.080
.076
.075
.068
.066
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.005 14.63
0.047 3.13
0.038 3.72
0.052 3.38
0.040 4.59
0.038 4.65
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
96
97
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
82
84
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
84
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
81
83
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
83
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
7 .
7 .
5.
4 .
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
.265
.216
.214
.100
.105
.098
.090
.078
.065
.284
.291
.423
.352
.745
.290
.029
.494
.446
.394
.304
.241
.233
.048
.715
.427
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.108
.054
.577
.465
.354
.354
.354
.354
.354
.154
.139
.126
.113
.089
.065
.022
.038
.716
.500
.501
.452
.834
.825
.821
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.052
.040
.039
.024
.025
.024
.023
.021
.019
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.020
.015
.089
.078
.033
.033
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.012
.011
.010
.009
.007
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.055 3.38
0.054 3.38
0.044 5.13
0.045 5.08
0.044 5.15
0.043 5.23
0.041 5.36
0.039 5.50
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - California I/M Baseline Case
File: CA_IM_B.BER
LDGV
0119
111
111
111
111
111
111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
83
84
85
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
82
83
84
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.286
.641
.294
.371
.464
.336
.346
.350
.358
.228
.225
.189
.142
.139
. 140
.126
.098
.070
.045
.060
.058
.053
.488
.576
.099
.266
.811
.816
.452
.258
.566
.409
.425
.436
.278
.274
.234
.182
. 177
.172
.156
.123
.090
.081
.072
.070
.068
.885
.486
.486
.470
.566
.560
.409
.422
.427
.436
.439
.278
.282
.278
.273
.275
DR1
0.186
0.258
0.382
0.165
0.282
0.284
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.211
.120
.064
.061
.057
.046
.036
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
. 014
. 014
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.062
.049
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.015
.015
.015
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
93
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.234
.209
. 184
. 170
.145
.120
.097
.095
.093
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
. 170
.152
.119
.085
.055
.053
.051
. 047
.916
.458
.369
.281
.242
.207
. 171
.138
.135
.132
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.042
.038
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.028 13.93
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - California I/M LEV II Case
File: CA_IM_C.BER
LDGV
0123
111
111
111
111
111
111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
83
84
85
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
82
83
84
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.286
.641
.294
.371
.464
.336
.346
.350
.358
.228
.225
.189
.142
.139
. 140
.126
.098
.070
.045
.057
.039
.031
.488
.576
.099
.266
.811
.816
.452
.258
.566
.409
.425
.436
.278
.274
.234
.182
. 177
.172
.156
.123
.090
.080
.070
.046
.034
.885
.486
.486
.470
.566
.560
.409
.422
.427
.436
.439
.278
.282
.278
.273
.275
DR1
0.186
0.258
0.382
0.165
0.282
0.284
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.211
.120
.064
.061
.057
.046
.036
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
. 014
. 014
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.062
.049
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.015
. 014
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
93
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
09
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
08
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.234
.209
. 184
. 170
.145
.120
.095
.046
.034
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
. 170
.152
.119
.085
.055
.053
.051
. 047
.039
.031
.916
.458
.369
.281
.242
.207
. 171
.138
.135
.132
.046
.034
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.042
.038
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
. 014
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.006
. 014
. 014
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
. 014
. 014
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - California I/M LEV II Case + Diesel Penetration
File: CA_IM_D.BER
LDGV
0123
111
111
111
111
111
111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
83
84
85
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
82
83
84
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.286
.641
.294
.371
.464
.336
.346
.350
.358
.228
.225
.189
.142
.139
. 140
.126
.098
.070
.045
.057
.039
.031
.488
.576
.099
.266
.811
.816
.452
.258
.566
.409
.425
.436
.278
.274
.234
.182
. 177
.172
.156
.123
.090
.080
.070
.046
.034
.885
.486
.486
.470
.566
.560
.409
.422
.427
.436
.439
.278
.282
.278
.273
.275
DR1
0.186
0.258
0.382
0.165
0.282
0.284
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.211
.120
.064
.061
.057
.046
.036
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
. 014
. 014
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.062
.049
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.015
. 014
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
93
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
09
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
08
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.234
.209
. 184
. 170
.145
.120
.095
.046
.034
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
. 170
.152
.119
.085
.055
.053
.051
. 047
.039
.031
.916
.458
.369
.281
.242
.207
. 171
.138
.135
.132
.046
.034
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.042
.038
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
. 014
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.006
. 014
. 014
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
. 014
. 014
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - California I/M 0.055 NMHC Case
File: CA_IM_5.BER
LDGV
0118
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
83
84
85
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
96
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
82
83
84
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
95
96
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.286
.641
.294
.371
.464
.336
.346
.350
.358
.228
.225
.189
.142
.139
. 140
.126
.098
.070
.045
.057
.028
.488
.576
.099
.266
.811
.816
.452
.258
.566
.409
.425
.436
.278
.274
.234
.182
. 177
.172
.156
.123
.090
.080
.070
.028
.885
.486
.486
.470
.566
.560
.409
.422
.427
.436
.439
.278
.282
.278
.273
.275
.234
.209
DR1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.284
.211
.120
.064
.061
.057
.046
.036
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
. 014
.009
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.062
.049
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.015
.009
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
.042
.038
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.013 13.20
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.013 16.61
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
97
98
99
00
01
04
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
. 184
. 170
.145
.120
.095
.028
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.862
.255
.192
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
. 170
.152
.119
.085
.055
.053
.051
. 047
.027
.916
.458
.369
.281
.242
.207
. 171
.138
.135
.132
.027
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
.009
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.016
.011
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.006
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.006
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.014 16.78
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
TOG BERs - California I/M LEV II Case + HDGV
File: CA_IM_H.BER
LDGV
0123
111
111
111
111
111
111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
78
80
81
83
84
85
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
88
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
67
69
71
74
77
79
80
82
83
84
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
87
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ZM
.488
.576
.099
.286
.641
.294
.371
.464
.336
.346
.350
.358
.228
.225
.189
.142
.139
. 140
.126
.098
.070
.045
.057
.039
.031
.488
.576
.099
.266
.811
.816
.452
.258
.566
.409
.425
.436
.278
.274
.234
.182
. 177
.172
.156
.123
.090
.080
.070
.046
.034
.885
.486
.486
.470
.566
.560
.409
.422
.427
.436
.439
.278
.282
.278
.273
.275
DR1
0.186
0.258
0.382
0.165
0.282
0.284
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.211
.120
.064
.061
.057
.046
.036
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
.026
.026
.026
.026
. 014
. 014
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.087
.061
.062
.049
. 044
.042
.037
.033
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.015
. 014
. 014
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
DR2 Flex Pt
0.005 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
93
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
09
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
04
07
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
09
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
09
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
08
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
03
06
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
08
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
08
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
2.
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.234
.209
. 184
. 170
.145
.120
.095
.046
.034
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.820
.211
.159
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
. 170
.152
.119
.085
.055
.053
.051
. 047
.039
.031
.916
.458
.369
.281
.242
.207
. 171
.138
.135
.132
.046
.034
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.042
.038
.034
.034
.034
.034
.034
. 014
. 014
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.037
.015
.010
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.006
.006
. 014
. 014
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
. 014
. 014
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.029 13.93
0.028 13.93
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
0.016 14.64
0.016 14.64
0.017 17.20
0.017 17.20
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
-------
Off-Cycle Corrections
IV MYA MYB
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
- 1990 Baseline - Non-OTR - With
A +B*0do +C*0do^2
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.21E-
.23E-
.23E-
.24E-
.24E-
.33E-
.17E-
.15E-
.16E-
.14E-
.10E-
.76E-
.68E-
.27E-
.56E-
.53E-
.38E-
.59E-
.51E-
.69E-
.86E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.52E-
.43E-
.48E-
.26E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
04
04
04
02
02
02
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
6
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.46E-02
.42E-02
.49E-03
.75E-03
.94E-03
.91E-03
.10E-03
.60E-03
.68E-03
.18E-03
.18E-03
.33E-03
.30E-03
.83E-03
.35E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.73E-04
.07E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
9.
-3 .
-2.
-2.
-3 .
-7.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-4.
-1.
-7.
-7.
-7.
-7.
-7.
1.
3 .
5.
7.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.17E-04
.80E-05
.04E-05
.56E-05
.05E-05
.34E-07
.30E-07
.96E-05
.21E-05
.52E-05
.63E-05
.15E-05
.18E-05
.03E-05
.87E-05
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.37E-06
.23E-06
.88E-06
.04E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
UC/FTP Toxics
BNZ ACET
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.131
.133
.163
.171
.180
.198
.212
.289
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.922
.923
.939
.943
.948
.957
.965
.006
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
Mass Fraction Ratios
FORM 13BD MTBE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.901
.904
.947
.958
.971
.996
.016
.125
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.716
.721
.773
.786
.802
.832
.857
.991
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.962
0.960
0.937
0.932
0.925
0.912
0.902
0.845
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.60E-
.68E-
.69E-
.68E-
.68E-
.69E-
.69E-
.82E-
.82E-
.84E-
.38E-
.35E-
.25E-
.21E-
.24E-
.97E-
.60E-
.01E-
.27E-
.19E-
.19E-
.21E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.10E-
.11E-
.34E-
.49E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.71E-
.71E-
.82E-
.82E-
.85E-
.40E-
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
1
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.67E-02
.67E-02
.69E-02
.44E-03
.37E-03
.21E-03
.09E-03
.52E-03
.85E-03
.84E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.41E-03
.72E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.85E-04
.04E-04
.49E-04
.40E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.66E-02
.66E-02
.69E-02
.46E-03
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-4.
-4.
-4.
-2.
-2.
-3 .
-3 .
-2.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-4.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
6.
1.
3 .
3 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-4.
-4.
-4.
-2.
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.11E-04
.11E-04
.16E-04
.69E-04
.79E-04
.08E-04
.45E-04
.02E-04
.89E-04
.83E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.03E-04
.23E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.50E-07
.63E-06
.12E-06
.79E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.10E-04
.10E-04
.18E-04
.72E-04
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.159
.167
.178
.193
.234
.260
.261
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.159
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.937
.941
.947
.955
.977
.991
.991
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.937
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.942
.952
.967
.990
.047
.085
.086
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.942
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.766
.779
.798
.825
.896
.942
.943
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.766
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.940
0.935
0.927
0.915
0.885
0.865
0.865
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.940
-------
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1965
1965
1965
1965
1965
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
1
1
1
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4
2
9
0
0
0
0
0
.39E-01
.33E-01
.27E-01
.62E-02
.25E-02
.OOE-02
.01E-02
.27E-02
.19E-02
.17E-02
.17E-02
.26E-02
.33E-02
.33E-02
.33E-02
.33E-02
.25E-02
.71E-02
.19E-02
.16E-03
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
.42E-03
.29E-03
.15E-03
.63E-03
.95E-03
.99E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.32E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.50E-03
.04E-03
.85E-04
.56E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
-2.
-3 .
-3 .
-2.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-8.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-4.
2.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.89E-04
.28E-04
.63E-04
.11E-04
.95E-04
.93E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.64E-04
.64E-04
.87E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.24E-05
.83E-06
.81E-06
.65E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.167
.178
.193
.234
.260
.261
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.941
.947
.955
.977
.991
.991
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.952
.967
.990
.047
.085
.086
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.779
.798
.825
.896
.942
.943
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
.935
.927
.915
.885
.865
.865
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
-------
Off-Cycle Corrections
IV MYA MYB
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
- 1996 Baseline - Non-OTR - With
A +B*0do +C*0do^2
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.21E-
.23E-
.23E-
.24E-
.24E-
.33E-
.17E-
.15E-
.16E-
.14E-
.10E-
.76E-
.68E-
.27E-
.56E-
.53E-
.38E-
.59E-
.51E-
.69E-
.86E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.52E-
.43E-
.48E-
.26E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
04
04
04
02
02
02
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
6
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.46E-02
.42E-02
.49E-03
.75E-03
.94E-03
.91E-03
.10E-03
.60E-03
.68E-03
.18E-03
.18E-03
.33E-03
.30E-03
.83E-03
.35E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.73E-04
.07E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
9.
-3 .
-2.
-2.
-3 .
-7.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-4.
-1.
-7.
-7.
-7.
-7.
-7.
1.
3 .
5.
7.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.17E-04
.80E-05
.04E-05
.56E-05
.05E-05
.34E-07
.30E-07
.96E-05
.21E-05
.52E-05
.63E-05
.15E-05
.18E-05
.03E-05
.87E-05
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.37E-06
.23E-06
.88E-06
.04E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
UC/FTP Toxics
BNZ ACET
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.128
.128
.144
.147
.151
.160
.163
.191
.196
.208
.220
.234
.256
.287
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.920
.920
.928
.930
.932
.937
.939
.954
.956
.963
.969
.977
.988
.005
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
Mass Fraction Ratios
FORM 13BD MTBE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.896
.896
.919
.924
.929
.943
.947
.987
.994
.010
.028
.048
.079
.123
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.711
.711
.739
.745
.751
.768
.773
.821
.830
.850
.872
.897
.934
.988
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.964
0.964
0.952
0.949
0.947
0.940
0.937
0.917
0.913
0.905
0.895
0.885
0.869
0.846
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.60E-
.68E-
.69E-
.68E-
.68E-
.69E-
.69E-
.82E-
.82E-
.84E-
.38E-
.35E-
.25E-
.21E-
.24E-
.97E-
.60E-
.01E-
.27E-
.19E-
.19E-
.21E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.10E-
.11E-
.34E-
.49E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.71E-
.71E-
.82E-
.82E-
.85E-
.40E-
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
1
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.67E-02
.67E-02
.69E-02
.44E-03
.37E-03
.21E-03
.09E-03
.52E-03
.85E-03
.84E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.41E-03
.72E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.85E-04
.04E-04
.49E-04
.40E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.66E-02
.66E-02
.69E-02
.46E-03
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-4.
-4.
-4.
-2.
-2.
-3 .
-3 .
-2.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-4.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
6.
1.
3 .
3 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-4.
-4.
-4.
-2.
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.11E-04
.11E-04
.16E-04
.69E-04
.79E-04
.08E-04
.45E-04
.02E-04
.89E-04
.83E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.03E-04
.23E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.50E-07
.63E-06
.12E-06
.79E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.10E-04
.10E-04
.18E-04
.72E-04
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.140
.141
.143
.146
.166
.174
.182
.190
.205
.221
.242
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.140
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.926
.927
.928
.930
.940
.945
.949
.953
.961
.970
.981
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.926
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.913
.916
.919
.923
.951
.963
.974
.985
.006
.029
.059
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.913
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.732
.735
.738
.743
.778
.792
.806
.820
.845
.873
.909
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.732
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.955
0.954
0.952
0.950
0.935
0.929
0.923
0.917
0.907
0.895
0.879
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.955
-------
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1965
1965
1965
1965
1965
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
1
1
1
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4
2
9
0
0
0
0
0
.39E-01
.33E-01
.27E-01
.62E-02
.25E-02
.OOE-02
.01E-02
.27E-02
.19E-02
.17E-02
.17E-02
.26E-02
.33E-02
.33E-02
.33E-02
.33E-02
.25E-02
.71E-02
.19E-02
.16E-03
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
.42E-03
.29E-03
.15E-03
.63E-03
.95E-03
.99E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.32E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.50E-03
.04E-03
.85E-04
.56E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
-2.
-3 .
-3 .
-2.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-8.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-4.
2.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.89E-04
.28E-04
.63E-04
.11E-04
.95E-04
.93E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.64E-04
.64E-04
.87E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.24E-05
.83E-06
.81E-06
.65E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.141
.143
.146
.166
.174
.182
.190
.205
.221
.242
.265
.268
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.927
.928
.930
.940
.945
.949
.953
.961
.970
.981
.993
.995
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.916
.919
.923
.951
.963
.974
.985
.006
.029
.059
.092
.096
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.735
.738
.743
.778
.792
.806
.820
.845
.873
.909
.950
.956
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
.954
.952
.950
.935
.929
.923
.917
.907
.895
.879
.862
.860
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
-------
f-Cycle Corrections -
IV MYA MYB
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
9.
9.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
4.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
- 2007 Baseline - Non-OTR - With
A +B*0do +C*0do^2
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.21E-
.23E-
.23E-
.24E-
.24E-
.33E-
.17E-
.15E-
.16E-
.14E-
.10E-
.76E-
.68E-
.27E-
.56E-
.53E-
.38E-
.59E-
.51E-
.69E-
.86E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.52E-
.43E-
.48E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
04
04
04
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-1.
-1.
-2.
-2.
-2.
-2.
-3 .
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
7.
6.
3 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.46E-02
.42E-02
.49E-03
.75E-03
.94E-03
.91E-03
.10E-03
.60E-03
.68E-03
.18E-03
.18E-03
.33E-03
.30E-03
.83E-03
.35E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.73E-04
.07E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
9
-3
-2
-2
-3
-7
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-4
-1
-7
-7
-7
-7
-7
1
3
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.17E-04
.80E-05
.04E-05
.56E-05
.05E-05
.34E-07
.30E-07
.96E-05
.21E-05
.52E-05
.63E-05
.15E-05
.18E-05
.03E-05
.87E-05
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.37E-06
.23E-06
.88E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
UC/FTP Toxics
BNZ ACET
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.127
.127
.133
.134
.136
.143
.144
.158
.158
.161
.164
.165
.168
.177
.187
.192
.196
.201
.259
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.923
.924
.924
.928
.929
.936
.936
.938
.939
.940
.941
.946
.951
.954
.956
.959
.990
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
Mass Fraction Ratios
FORM 13BD MTBE
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.895
.895
.904
.906
.908
.918
.920
.939
.940
.944
.948
.950
.953
.967
.981
.987
.994
.001
.083
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.709
.709
.720
.723
.725
.738
.739
.763
.764
.770
.774
.776
.780
.797
.814
.822
.830
.839
.940
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.964
0.964
0.960
0.959
0.958
0.952
0.952
0.941
0.941
0.939
0.937
0.936
0.934
0.927
0.920
0.916
0.913
0.909
0.866
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
-------
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2014
2015
2016
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2014
2015
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
8.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
4.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.68E-
.69E-
.68E-
.68E-
.69E-
.69E-
.82E-
.82E-
.84E-
.38E-
.35E-
.25E-
.21E-
.24E-
.97E-
.60E-
.01E-
.27E-
.19E-
.19E-
.21E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.10E-
.11E-
.34E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
03
03
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-1.
-1.
-1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3 .
3 .
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
8.
7.
4.
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.67E-02
.67E-02
.69E-02
.44E-03
.37E-03
.21E-03
.09E-03
.52E-03
.85E-03
.84E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.41E-03
.72E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.85E-04
.04E-04
.49E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
7
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-4
-4
-4
-2
-2
-3
-3
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-4
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
6
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.11E-04
.11E-04
.16E-04
.69E-04
.79E-04
.08E-04
.45E-04
.02E-04
.89E-04
.83E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.03E-04
.23E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.50E-07
.63E-06
.12E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.129
.129
.129
.130
.142
.145
.147
.148
.153
.155
.170
.184
.192
.196
.201
.259
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.921
.921
.921
.921
.927
.929
.930
.931
.933
.934
.942
.950
.954
.956
.959
.990
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.898
.899
.899
.899
.917
.921
.924
.925
.932
.935
.956
.977
.987
.994
.001
.083
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.713
.714
.714
.714
.736
.742
.745
.746
.754
.758
.784
.809
.822
.830
.839
.940
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.963
0.963
0.962
0.962
0.953
0.951
0.949
0.949
0.945
0.944
0.933
0.922
0.916
0.913
0.909
0.866
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
-------
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2013
2014
2015
2016
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
2014
2015
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
8.
8.
8.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
4.
2.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.71E-
.71E-
.82E-
.82E-
.85E-
.40E-
.39E-
.33E-
.27E-
.62E-
.25E-
.OOE-
.01E-
.27E-
.19E-
.17E-
.17E-
.26E-
.33E-
.33E-
.33E-
.33E-
.25E-
.71E-
.19E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
03
03
03
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-1.
-1.
-1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
5.
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.66E-02
.66E-02
.69E-02
.46E-03
.42E-03
.29E-03
.15E-03
.63E-03
.95E-03
.99E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.32E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.50E-03
.04E-03
.85E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-4
-4
-4
-2
-2
-3
-3
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-8
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-4
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.10E-04
.10E-04
.18E-04
.72E-04
.89E-04
.28E-04
.63E-04
.11E-04
.95E-04
.93E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.64E-04
.64E-04
.87E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.24E-05
.83E-06
.81E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.129
.129
.129
.130
.142
.145
.147
.148
.153
.155
.157
.159
.172
.186
.191
.197
.204
.213
.225
.239
.259
.286
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.921
.921
.921
.921
.927
.929
.930
.931
.933
.934
.936
.937
.944
.951
.954
.957
.961
.966
.972
.980
.990
.005
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.898
.899
.899
.899
.917
.921
.924
.925
.932
.935
.938
.941
.960
.979
.986
.995
.005
.018
.035
.055
.083
.122
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.713
.714
.714
.714
.736
.742
.745
.746
.754
.758
.762
.766
.789
.812
.821
.831
.844
.860
.880
.905
.940
.987
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.963
0.963
0.962
0.962
0.953
0.951
0.949
0.949
0.945
0.944
0.942
0.940
0.931
0.921
0.917
0.913
0.907
0.900
0.892
0.881
0.866
0.846
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
-------
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
1965
1965
1965
1965
1965
2012
2013
2014
2015
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.16E-03
.16E-03
.16E-03
.16E-03
.16E-03
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
6
6
6
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.825
.825
.825
.825
.825
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
-------
Off-Cycle Corrections
IV MYA MYB
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
- 2020 Baseline - Non-OTR - With
A +B*0do +C*0do^2
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.94E-
.21E-
.23E-
.23E-
.24E-
.24E-
.33E-
.17E-
.15E-
.16E-
.14E-
.10E-
.76E-
.68E-
.27E-
.56E-
.53E-
.38E-
.59E-
.51E-
.69E-
.86E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.95E-
.52E-
.43E-
.48E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
04
04
04
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
6
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.46E-02
.42E-02
.49E-03
.75E-03
.94E-03
.91E-03
.10E-03
.60E-03
.68E-03
.18E-03
.18E-03
.33E-03
.30E-03
.83E-03
.35E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.73E-04
.07E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
9.
-3 .
-2.
-2.
-3 .
-7.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-6.
-4.
-1.
-7.
-7.
-7.
-7.
-7.
1.
3 .
5.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.17E-04
.80E-05
.04E-05
.56E-05
.05E-05
.34E-07
.30E-07
.96E-05
.21E-05
.52E-05
.63E-05
.15E-05
.18E-05
.03E-05
.87E-05
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.92E-06
.37E-06
.23E-06
.88E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
UC/FTP Toxics
BNZ ACET
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.127
.146
.165
.174
.175
.177
.206
.235
.253
.258
.263
.269
.276
.284
.293
.303
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.930
.940
.945
.945
.946
.962
.977
.987
.990
.992
.996
.999
.003
.008
.014
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
Mass Fraction Ratios
FORM 13BD MTBE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.895
.922
.949
.962
.964
.966
.008
.049
.075
.082
.090
.098
.108
.119
.132
.146
.163
.163
.163
.163
.163
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.709
.742
.775
.792
.794
.796
.847
.897
.930
.938
.947
.958
.970
.983
.999
.017
.037
.037
.037
.037
.037
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.964
0.950
0.936
0.929
0.928
0.927
0.906
0.885
0.871
0.867
0.863
0.859
0.854
0.848
0.841
0.834
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
-------
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2014
2015
2016
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2014
2015
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.26E-
.26E-
.26E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.68E-
.69E-
.68E-
.68E-
.69E-
.69E-
.82E-
.82E-
.84E-
.38E-
.35E-
.25E-
.21E-
.24E-
.97E-
.60E-
.01E-
.27E-
.19E-
.19E-
.21E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.24E-
.10E-
.11E-
.34E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
03
03
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.73E-04
.73E-04
.73E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.67E-02
.67E-02
.69E-02
.44E-03
.37E-03
.21E-03
.09E-03
.52E-03
.85E-03
.84E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.41E-03
.72E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.37E-03
.85E-04
.04E-04
.49E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
7.
7.
7.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-4.
-4.
-4.
-2.
-2.
-3 .
-3 .
-2.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-4.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
6.
1.
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
.04E-06
.04E-06
.04E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.11E-04
.11E-04
.16E-04
.69E-04
.79E-04
.08E-04
.45E-04
.02E-04
.89E-04
.83E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.03E-04
.23E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.17E-05
.50E-07
.63E-06
.12E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.141
.156
.164
.165
.166
.194
.223
.241
.245
.250
.256
.262
.269
.277
.285
.295
.306
.315
.315
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.927
.935
.939
.940
.940
.956
.971
.980
.983
.985
.988
.992
.995
.999
.004
.009
.015
.020
.020
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.915
.937
.948
.949
.951
.991
.032
.057
.064
.071
.078
.087
.097
.108
.120
.134
.150
.163
.163
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.734
.761
.774
.776
.778
.827
.877
.908
.915
.924
.934
.944
.957
.970
.985
.002
.021
.037
.037
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.954
0.943
0.937
0.936
0.935
0.914
0.893
0.880
0.877
0.873
0.869
0.864
0.859
0.854
0.847
0.840
0.832
0.825
0.825
-------
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2013
2014
2015
2016
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
2014
2015
2050
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4
2
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.49E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.60E-
.71E-
.71E-
.82E-
.82E-
.85E-
.40E-
.39E-
.33E-
.27E-
.62E-
.25E-
.OOE-
.01E-
.27E-
.19E-
.17E-
.17E-
.26E-
.33E-
.33E-
.33E-
.33E-
.25E-
.71E-
.19E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
.16E-
03
03
03
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.40E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.66E-02
.66E-02
.69E-02
.46E-03
.42E-03
.29E-03
.15E-03
.63E-03
.95E-03
.99E-03
.53E-03
.06E-03
.12E-03
.11E-03
.11E-03
.32E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.52E-03
.50E-03
.04E-03
.85E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-4.
-4.
-4.
-2.
-2.
-3 .
-3 .
-2.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-8.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-4.
2.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.79E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.10E-04
.10E-04
.18E-04
.72E-04
.89E-04
.28E-04
.63E-04
.11E-04
.95E-04
.93E-04
.80E-04
.69E-04
.65E-04
.64E-04
.64E-04
.87E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.25E-05
.24E-05
.83E-06
.81E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.315
.315
.315
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.126
.142
.159
.160
.161
.162
.164
.165
.167
.169
.171
.173
.175
.178
.182
.186
.191
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.020
.020
.020
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.919
.928
.937
.937
.938
.938
.939
.940
.941
.942
.943
.944
.945
.947
.949
.951
.954
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.163
.163
.163
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.894
.917
.941
.942
.944
.946
.947
.950
.952
.955
.958
.961
.964
.968
.973
.979
.986
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.037
.037
.037
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.708
.737
.765
.767
.769
.771
.773
.776
.779
.782
.786
.790
.794
.799
.805
.812
.821
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.965
0.953
0.941
0.940
0.939
0.938
0.937
0.936
0.935
0.933
0.932
0.930
0.928
0.926
0.924
0.921
0.917
-------
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
1965
1965
1965
1965
1965
2012
2013
2014
2015
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
2050
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.16E-03
.16E-03
.16E-03
.16E-03
.16E-03
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.56E-04
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.65E-06
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.197
.204
.213
.225
.315
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
.957
.961
.966
.972
.020
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.995
.005
.018
.035
.163
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
.831
.844
.860
.880
.037
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
.913
.907
.900
.892
.825
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
-------
Appendix B
Revised CO Inputs for MOBILESb Emissions Modeling
The following inputs and data are included in this appendix:
1. Alternative CO base emission rate equations for the following:
a. Low-altitude
b. High-altitude (Denver)
2. Off-Cycle CO correction factors (I/M and non-I/M combined)
3. Air conditioning data for CO estimates (fraction equipped, malfunction rates)
4. Oxygenated fuels CO effects
-------
CO BERs -
0044
1 1 2 65
1 1 2 68
1 1 2 70
1 1 2 72
1 1 2 75
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
65
68
70
72
75
79
81
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
65
70
79
81
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
- Non-I/M
ZM
67 78.270
69 56.340
71 42.170
74 40.940
79 17.720
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
67
69
71
74
78
80
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
69
78
80
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
6.
4 .
4 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
78.
56.
42.
40.
24.
12.
14.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
93.
60.
12.
14.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
.090
.301
.301
.813
.813
.813
.795
.795
.795
.795
.188
.188
.270
.340
. 170
.780
.550
.280
.503
.045
.045
.045
.045
.045
.045
.382
.382
.980
.080
.280
.503
.045
.045
.045
.045
.045
.045
.382
.382
DR1
2.250
2.550
3.130
2.350
2.460
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.958
.441
.441
.191
.191
.191
.696
.696
.696
.696
.076
.076
.250
.550
.130
.440
.590
.430
.929
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.245
.245
.250
.550
.430
.929
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.245
.245
DR2 Flex
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
.037
.037
.650
.650
.650
.556
.556
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.717
.717
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.717
.717
1 .
1 .
2.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
Pt
.50
.50
.16
.16
.16
.85
.85
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.37
.37
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.37
.37
File: BER_CO.PRN
LDGV
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
Hi Alt CO BERs - Non-I/M
File: DNV_CO.PRN
LDGV
0033
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
16.
11.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
51.
34.
34.
14.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
7 .
7 .
51.
34.
34.
14.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
7 .
7 .
ZM
.815
.455
.839
.813
.813
.795
.795
.795
.795
.188
.188
.014
.770
.770
.968
.462
.462
.463
.462
.461
.533
.532
.014
.770
.770
.968
.462
.462
.463
.462
.461
.533
.532
DR1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.441
.441
.191
.191
.191
.696
.696
.696
.696
.076
.076
.929
.929
.929
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.245
.245
.929
.929
.929
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.496
.245
.245
DR2 Flex
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
.037
.037
.650
.650
.650
.556
.556
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.717
.717
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.094
.717
.717
1 .
1 .
2.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
Pt
.50
.50
.16
.16
.16
.85
.85
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.37
.37
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.37
.37
LDGT1
LDGT2
-------
I/M IV
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MY Agg Drv
1965 1.328
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.328
.324
.370
.365
.375
.371
.432
.426
.419
.574
.568
.560
.552
.543
.861
.611
.611
.611
.611
.611
.611
.611
.611
.611
.611
.611
.328
.328
.324
.370
.365
.375
.371
.432
.426
.419
.574
.568
.560
.552
.543
.292
.318
.316
.314
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.125
.125
.124
.123
.121
.152
.151
.149
.147
.148
.146
.144
.141
A/C
1.217
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.217
.215
.237
.235
.240
.238
.265
.263
.260
.321
.319
.316
.313
.310
.407
.326
.326
.326
.326
.326
.326
.326
.326
.326
.326
.326
.217
.217
.215
.237
.235
.240
.238
.265
.263
.260
.321
.319
.316
.313
.310
.158
.169
.168
.167
.267
.267
.267
.267
.267
.267
.267
.267
.069
.069
.068
.068
.067
.082
.081
.081
.080
.080
.079
.078
.077
Non-I/M Factors
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.138
.292
.292
.320
.317
.314
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.617
.328
.328
.324
.370
.365
.375
.371
.432
.426
.419
.574
.568
.560
.552
.543
.861
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.328
.328
.324
.370
.365
.375
.371
.432
.426
.419
.574
.568
.560
.552
.543
.292
.318
.316
.314
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.075
.140
.140
.150
.150
.148
.238
.238
.238
.238
.238
.238
.238
.238
.217
.217
.215
.237
.235
.240
.238
.265
.263
.260
.321
.319
.316
.313
.310
.407
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.217
.217
.215
.237
.235
.240
.238
.265
.263
.260
.321
.319
.316
.313
.310
.158
.169
.168
.167
.270
.270
.270
.270
.270
.270
.270
.270
I/M Factors
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.125
.125
.124
.123
.121
.152
.151
.149
.147
.148
.146
.144
.141
.138
.292
.292
.320
.317
.314
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
.630
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.069
.069
.068
.068
.067
.082
.081
.081
.080
.080
.079
.078
.077
.075
.140
.140
.150
.150
.148
.240
.240
.240
.240
.240
.240
.240
.240
-------
MY
Half
LDGV
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LDGT
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.67
.69
.72
.74
.76
.78
.80
.83
.85
.87
.87
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rate
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.29
.35
.35
.35
.35
.39
.43
.48
.52
.56
.60
.64
.69
.73
.77
.77
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
Functioning Systems
LDGV
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.038
.038
.038
.038
.038
.025
.025
.025
.025
.025
.010
.009
.008
.006
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
LDGT
.570
.570
.570
.570
.570
.570
.570
.570
.626
.626
.626
.626
.626
.634
.634
.634
.655
.677
.709
.732
.754
.777
.800
.826
.848
.870
.870
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.276
.276
.276
.276
.276
.276
.276
.276
.279
.279
.279
.279
.337
.341
.341
.341
.382
.423
.471
.513
.556
.598
.641
.686
.728
.770
.770
-------
Normals
IV
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
MY
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Red
.0552
.0576
.0532
.0431
. 0441
.0535
.0532
.0375
.0375
.0336
.0336
.0310
.0310
.0186
.0062
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0913
.0918
.0854
.0793
.0667
.0668
.0589
.0575
.0574
.0570
.0570
.0310
.0310
.0186
.0062
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0913
.0918
.0854
.0793
.0667
.0668
Highs
g/mi %
4 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
3.
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.2
.2
.0
.0
.8
.8
.8
.8
.2
.7
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.8
.8
.2
.7
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Red
.0645
.0663
.0630
.0554
.0561
.0540
.0537
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0920
.0924
.0874
.0828
.0733
.0638
.0551
.0536
.0535
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0920
.0924
.0874
.0828
.0733
.0638
g/mi
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
-------
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0589
.0575
.0574
.0570
.0570
.0310
.0310
.0310
.0310
.0186
.0062
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.8
.8
.8
.8
.2
.7
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0551
.0536
.0535
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
.0530
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
-------
Appendix C
Methodology to Account for
Normal/High Emitter Distributions in MOBTOXSb
(Development of Toxic-TOG Curves)
-------
Modeling Toxics to Account for Normal/High Emitter Distributions in T2ATTOX
1) Complex Model gives benzene emission rate at normal and high emission levels
2) Figure below relates benzene gram per mile to TOG gram per mile
3) Case: MY cohort fleet with FTP TOGBase&el = X (X is calculated within MOBILE)
300
250
Benzene 200
150
100
50
0
Fleet X
TOG Emission Rate Basefuel
High
4) Assume: This fleet is a mix of
X - FTP TOGM m , ,
TLT _ Normalaasejuel
H FTP TOG
HighBasefuel NormalBasefuel
X 100 %
-------
TOC*
J-^^
5) Question: What is the fleet's benzene on fuel Fl?
Answer:
r y D_ , AT y D_
77 HishFuelFl N Normal FuelFl
X - FTP TOGM FTP TOG,, - X
= ( ) X (BzH „.) + ( ^ ) X (BzN
FTP TOGH - FTP TOGN H F1 FTP TOGH - FTP TOGN N'
FTP TOGHXBzNF1 - FTP TOGN X BzH FJ BzH - BzN
FTP TOGU - FTP TOGM FTP TOGrr - FTP TOG'
n TV n Jv
Techl + "Fl Techl *
(Mass emission rate of benzene on Fuel Fl, including the effect of fuel Fl on TOG)
-------
Bz % =
X
6) Inside MOBILESb:
No fleet ought to be cleaner than TOG FTPN or dirtier than TOG FTPH
If base fuel is not indolene, need to be sure commercial fuel adjustment is applied
before X is used with A and B
I/M adjustment happens before toxic number calculated
Other adjustments (non-FTP — speed, temp, etc.) have to come after A and B are
applied
7) For non-complex model technology types:
A = 0
B = (* ) * (
voc
Fuel Baseline
-------
Appendix D
Equations Used to Generate Toxics Fractions
for Non-Complex Model Vehicles
Non-Catalyst and Oxidation Catalyst LDGVs,
LDGTls, and LDGT2s
All Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Motorcycles
All Diesel Vehicles
-------
Exhaust Toxic Fraction Equations for LDGV with Oxidation Catalysts, Non-
Catalyst LDGV, HDGV, LDDV and HDDV
Table 1 presents equations for estimating exhaust toxic fractions for light-duty gasoline
vehicles with oxidation catalysts, light duty non-catalyst gasoline vehicles, heavy duty gasoline
vehicles, and heavy duty diesel vehicles. Exhaust benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and
acetaldehyde fractions for light duty gasoline vehicles with three-way catalysts and three-way
plus oxidation catalysts, as well as evaporative benzene fractions for all catalyst technologies and
vehicle classes, will be estimated using the Complex Model.
Benzene
For LDGVs with no catalyst or an oxidation catalyst, and for HDGVs with no catalyst,
the equation used was:
Bz%THC = (0.8551*(volume % benzene) + 0.12198*(volume % aromatics) - 1.1626)
For FtDGVs with three-way catalysts, the equation used was:
Bz%THC = 1.077 + 0.7732*(volume % benzene) +
0.0987*(volume % aromatics - volume % benzene)
These equations were used in the "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study" (EPA, 1993) and
were originally developed for the draft Regulatory Impact Analysis for RVP regulations (EPA,
1987). The benzene/TOG fractions for LDDVs, LDDTs, and HDDVs in Table 1 were based on
analysis of available speciation data (Springer, 1977; Springer, 1979; Bass andNewkirk, 1995;
CE-CERT, 1998).
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde/TOG fractions for vehicles running on baseline gasoline and diesels were
based on analysis of available speciation data (see attachment). The TOG fraction for
LDGVs/LDGTs with oxidation catalysts, running on baseline fuel, was based on data from fifty
vehicles tested in eleven studies (Urban, 1980a; Springer, 1979; Sigsbyetal., 1987; Smith, 1981;
Stump et al., 1989, 1990, 1994, 1996; Auto/Oil, 1990; Boekhaus et al., 1991; Warner-Selph and
Smith, 1991; Colorado Department of Health, 1987). The TOG fraction for LDGVs/LDGTs
without catalysts, running on baseline fuel, was based on data from sixteen vehicles tested in five
studies (Urban, 1981, Urban 1980a, Sigsby et al., 1987, Warner-Selph and Smith, 1991, Stump
et. al, unpublished). The LDDV fraction was based on data from seven vehicles tested in two
studies (Springer, 1977; Springer, 1979). The FtDDV fraction were based on data from four
engines in three studies (Springer, 1979; Bass and Newkirk, 1995; CE-CERT, 1998). The
fraction for FtDGVs without catalysts was based on data from two engines in two studies
(Springer, 1979; Bass and Newkirk, 1995). The three-way fraction for FtDGVs was based on
data from one engine in one study (Bass and Newkirk, 1995).
-------
To calculate TOG fractions for vehicles running on MTBE blends and gasohol,
adjustment factors were applied to the baseline emission fractions for each vehicle class/catalyst
combination based on average percent change. The adjustment factors were obtained by
comparing data from vehicles running on baseline gasoline to data from the same vehicles
running on oxygenated gasoline. For MTBE, change was defined by solving the equation:
TOG frac @ 0% MTBE * (1 + (change/2.7) * Ox) = TOG frac @ 15% MTBE
For ethanol, change was defined by solving the equation:
TOG frac @ 0% EtOH * (1 + (change/3.5) * Ox) = TOG frac @ 10% EtOH
The data used to develop the change estimates are provided in the attachment.
Data from five vehicles in three studies were used to develop the MTBE change estimate
for LDGVs/LDGTs with oxidation catalysts (Auto/Oil, 1990; Boekhaus et al., 1991; Stump et al.,
1994). Data from two vehicles in two studies were used to develop the MTBE change estimate
for LDGVs/LDGTs without catalysts (Warner-Selph and Smith, 1991; Stump, 1997). Data from
one vehicle was used to develop the MTBE change estimate for non-catalyst HDGVs (Bass and
Newkirk, 1995). For catalyst-equipped HDGVs, the MTBE change estimate for LDGVs with
three-way catalysts from the EPA document, "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study" was
used as a surrogate (EPA, 1993).
For ethanol, data from ten vehicles in three studies were used to develop the change
estimate for LDGVs/LDGTs with oxidation catalysts (Warner-Selph and Smith, 1991; Colorado
Department of Health, 1987; Stump et al., 1996). Data from five vehicles in two studies were
used to develop the ethanol change estimate for LDGVs/LDGTs/HDGVs without catalysts
(Warner-Selph and Smith, 1991; Colorado Department of Health, 1987). For catalyst-equipped
HDGVs, the ethanol change estimate for LDGVs with three-way catalysts from the EPA
document, "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study" was used as a surrogate (EPA, 1993).
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde/TOG fractions for vehicles running on baseline gasoline and diesels were
based on analysis of the same speciation data used for formaldehyde (see attachment). The
adjustment factors for MTBE blends and gasohol were also obtained using the same equations
and data that were used for formaldehyde.
1.3-Butadiene
1,3-butadiene/TOG fractions for vehicles running on baseline gasoline and diesels were
based on analysis of available speciation data (see attachment). The TOG fraction for
LDGVs/LDGTs with oxidation catalysts, running on baseline fuel, was based on data from fifty
-------
vehicles tested in ten studies (Urban, 1980a; Springer, 1979; Sigsby et al., 1987; Smith, 1981;
Stump et al., 1989, 1990, 1994, 1996; Auto/Oil, 1990; Boekhaus et al., 1991; Warner-Selph and
Smith, 1991; CARS, 1991). The TOG fraction for LDGVs/LDGTs without catalysts, running on
baseline fuel, was based on data from eighteen vehicles tested in three studies (CARB, 1991;
Stump, 1997; Warner-Selph and Smith, 1991). The LDDV fraction was based on data from two
vehicles tested in one study (CARB, 1991). The HDDV fraction was based on data from three
engines in three studies (CARB, 1991; Bass and Newkirk, 1995; CE-CERT, 1998). The fraction
for HDGVs without catalysts and HDGVs with catalysts were both based on data from one
engine in one study (Bass and Newkirk, 1995).
The adjustment factors were also obtained using the same equations and data that were
used for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, with one exception. The adjustment factor for
formaldehyde and acetaldehyde with an MTBE blend uses a change estimate from LDGVs with
three-way catalysts as a surrogate. However, for 1,3-butadiene, the estimate is based on data
from one vehicle in one study (Bass and Newkirk, 1995).
MTBE
MTBE/TOG fractions were based on available speciation data. These data were from
vehicles running on fuels with varying levels of MTBE. To obtain an average 15% MTBE
fraction across studies for a given vehicle class/technology group, an assumption was made that
the relationship between MTBE in the fuel and exhaust was linear. MTBE/TOG fractions from
vehicles running on a blend with X percent MTBE were adjusted to represent the emission
fractions for a 15% by volume blend as follows:
TOG frac @ 15% MTBE = TOG frac @ X% MTBE * (2.7 / wt. % oxygen)
The resultant MTBE emission fractions for a 15% blend were used to develop the equations in
Table 1.
Data from five vehicles in three studies were used to develop the 15% MTBE emission
fraction for LDGVs/LDGTs with oxidation catalysts (Auto/Oil, 1990; Boekhaus et al., 1991;
Stump et al., 1994). Data from one vehicle was used to develop the fraction for LDGVs/LDGTs
without catalysts (Warner-Selph and Smith, 1991), the fraction for non-catalyst HDGVs (Bass
and Newkirk, 1995), and the fraction for HDGVs with catalysts (Bass and Newkirk, 1995).
-------
References
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program. 1990. Phase 1 Working Data Set
(published in electronic form). Prepared by Systems Applications International, San Rafael, CA.
Bass, E. A., and M. S. Newkirk. 1995. Reactivity Comparison of Exhaust Emissions from
Heavy-Duty Engines Operating on Gasoline, Diesel, and Alternative Fuels. Southwest Research
Institute, Report No. SwRI 9856, December, 1995.
Boekhaus, K. L., J. M. DeJovine, D. A. Paulsen, L. A. Rapp, J.S. Segal and D. J. Townsend.
1991. Clean Fuels Report 91-03: Fleet Test Emissions Data — EC-Premium Emission Control
Gasoline. Arco Products Co., Anaheim, California.
CARB. 1991. Butadiene Emission Factors, memo from K. D. Drachand to Terry McGuire and
Peter Venturini, July 17, 1991.
College of Engineering - Center for Environmental Research and Technology. 1998. Evaluation
of Factor that Affect Diesel Exhaust Toxicity. Submitted to California Air Resources Board,
Contract No. 94-312.
Colorado Department of Health. 1987. Unpublished data from a motor vehicle emissions toxics
study of regulated and non-regulated pollutants. Aurora Emission Technical Center, Aurora,
Colorado.
EPA. 1987a. Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Gasoline Volatility and Evaporative
Hydrocarbon Emissions from New Motor Vehicles. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Office of Mobile
Sources. July, 1987.
EPA. 1993. Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study. Office of Mobile Sources, Ann Arbor,
MI. Report No. EPA 420-R-93-005.
Sigsby, J. E., S. Tejeda, W. Ray, J. M. Lang, and J. W. Duncan. 1987. Volatile organic
compound emissions from 46 in-use passenger cars. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21:466-475.
Smith, L. R. 1981. Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from High Mileage Catalyst-
Equipped Automobiles. Ann Arbor, Michigan: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Mobile Sources. Publication no. EPA-460/3-81-024.
Springer, K. J. 1977. Investigation of Diesel-Powered Vehicle Emissions VII. Ann Arbor,
Michigan: U.S. Environmental Agency, Office of Mobile Sources. Publication no. EPA-460/3-
76-034.
-------
Springer, K. J. 1979. Characterization of Sulfates, Odor, Smoke, POM and Particulates from
Light and Heavy-Duty Engines — Part IX. Ann Arbor, Michigan: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Mobile Sources. Publication no. EPA-460/3 -79-007.
Stump, F. D. 1997. Sun Fuels Alaska H Study. Unpublished data.
Stump, F. D., S. Tejada, W. Ray, D. Dropkin, F. Black, R. Snow, W. Crews, P. Siudak, C. O.
Davis, L. Baker and N. Perry. 1989. The influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions
from 1984 to 1987 model year light-duty gasoline vehicles. Atmospheric Environment 23: 307-
320.
Stump, F. D., S. Tejeda, W. Ray, D. Dropkin, F. Black, R. Snow, W. Crews, P. Siudak, C. O.
Davis and P. Carter. 1990. The influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions from
1985-1987 model year light-duty gasoline vehicles — II. Atmospheric Environment 24A: 2105-
2112.
Stump, F. D., K. T. Knapp, W. D. Ray, P. D. Siudak, and R. F. Snow. 1994. Influence of
oxygenated fuels on the emissions from three pre-1985 light-duty passenger vehicles. J. Air &
Waste Manage. Assoc. 44:781-786.
Stump, F. D., K. T. Knapp, and W. D. Ray. 1996. Influence of ethanol-blended fuels on the
emissions from three pre-1985 light-duty passenger vehicles. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 46:
1149-1161.
Warner-Selph, M. A., and L. R. Smith. 1991. Assessment of Unregulated Emissions from
Gasoline Oxygenated Blends. Ann Arbor, Michigan: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Mobile Sources. Publication no. EPA-460/3-91-002.
-------
Vehicle Class/
Catalvst
Benzene
LDGV/oxcat
LDGV/noncat
HDGV/noncat
HDGV/cat
LDDV
Baseline Gasoline
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.16261
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.16262
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.16263
Bz%TOG= 1.077 + 0.7732*(volume
% benzene) + 0.0987 * (volume %
aromatics - volume % benzene)4
Bz% TOG = 0.0200
MTBE Gasoline
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.1626
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.1626
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.1626
Bz%TOG = 1.077 + 0.7732*(volume
% benzene) + 0.0987 * (volume %
aromatics - volume % benzene)
EtOH Gasoline
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.1626
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.1626
Bz % TOG = 0.8551* (vol. % Bz) +
0.12198 * (vol. % Arom.) - 1.1626
Bz%TOG= 1.077 + 0.7732*(volume
% benzene) + 0.0987 * (volume %
aromatics - volume % benzene)
1993 EPA Report, "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
2From 1993 EPA Report, "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
3From 1993 EPA Report, "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
4From 1993 EPA Report, "Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
-------
Vehicle Class/
Catalvst
LDDT
HDDV
Formaldehyde
LDGV/oxcat
LDGV/noncat
HDGV/noncat
HDGV/cat
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
Baseline Gasoline
Bz% TOG = 0.0200
Bz% TOG = 0.0105
Form % TOG = 0.0151
Form % TOG = 0.0224
Form % TOG = 0.0347
Form % TOG = 0.0054
Form % TOG =0.03 86
Form % TOG =0.03 86
Form % TOG = 0.0782
MTBE Gasoline
Form % TOG = 0.0151 + ((0.0151 *
1.2082)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Form % TOG = 0.0224 + ((0.0224 *
0.4336)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Form % TOG = 0.0347 + ((0.0347 *
0.1259)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Form % TOG = 0.0054 + ((0.0054 *
0.6746)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))5
EtOH Gasoline
Form % TOG = 0.0151 + ((0.0151 *
0.3350)*(wt % EtOH/3.5))
Form % TOG = 0.0224 + ((0.0224 *
0. 1034)*(wt % EtOH/3.5))
Form % TOG = 0.0347 + ((0.0347 *
0. 1034)*(wt % EtOH/3.5))
Form % TOG = 0.0054 + ((0.0054 *
0.4758)*(wt % EtOH/3.5))6
5Change with oxygenate estimate, 0.6746, from 3-way catalyst LDGV estimate in Appendix B4 of 1993 EPA Report, "Motor
Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
6Change with oxygenate estimate, 0.4758, from 3-way catalyst LDGV estimate in Appendix B4 of 1993 EPA Report, "Motor
Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
-------
Vehicle Class/
Catalvst
Acetaldehyde
LDGV/oxcat
LDGV/noncat
HDGV/noncat
HDGV/cat
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
Baseline Gasoline
Acet% TOG = 0.0047
Acet% TOG = 0.0060
Acet% TOG = 0.0067
Acet % TOG = 0.0005
Acet% TOG =0.0123
Acet % TOG =0.0123
Acet % TOG = 0.0288
MTBE Gasoline
Acet % TOG = 0.0047 + ((0.0047 *
0.2556)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Acet % TOG = 0.0060 + ((0.0060 *
0.2303)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Acet % TOG = 0.0067
Acet % TOG = 0.0005 + ((0.0005 *
0.0826)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))7
EtOH Gasoline
Acet % TOG = 0.0047 + ((0.0047 *
2. 1074)*(wt % EtOH/3.5))
Acet % TOG = 0.0060 + ((0.0060 *
1.1445)*(wt%EtOH/3.5))
Acet % TOG = 0.0067 + ((0.0067 *
1.1445)*(wt%EtOH/3.5))
Acet % TOG = 0.0005 + ((0.0005 *
1.1369)*(wt%EtOH/3.5))8
7Change with oxygenate estimate, 0.0826, from 3-way catalyst LDGV estimate in Appendix B4 of 1993 EPA Report, "Motor
Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
8Change with oxygenate estimate, 1.1369, from 3-way catalyst LDGV estimate in Appendix B4 of 1993 EPA Report, "Motor
Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
-------
Vehicle Class/
Catalvst
1,3-Butadiene
LDGV/oxcat
LDGV/noncat
HDGV/noncat
HDGV/cat
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
Baseline Gasoline
Buta% TOG = 0.0044
Buta% TOG = 0.0092
Buta% TOG = 0.0074
Buta% TOG = 0.0029
Buta% TOG =0.0090
Buta% TOG =0.0090
Buta% TOG = 0.0061
MTBE Gasoline
Buta % TOG = 0.0044 + ((0.0044 *
-0.2227)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Buta % TOG = 0.0092 + ((0.0092 *
0.1517)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Buta % TOG = 0.0074 + ((0.0074 *
-0.2172)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Buta % TOG = 0.0029 + ((0.0029 *
-0.3233)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
EtOH Gasoline
Buta % TOG = 0.0044 + ((0.0044* -
0.2804)*(wt % EtOH/3.5))
Buta % TOG = 0.0092 + ((0.0092 *
0.1233)*(wt % EtOH/3.5))
Buta % TOG = 0.0074 + ((0.0074 *
0. 1233)*(wt % MTBE/2.7))
Buta % TOG = 0.0029 + ((0.0029 *
-0.1188)*(wt%EtOH/3.5))9
9Change with oxygenate estimate, -0.1188, from 3-way catalyst LDGV estimate in Appendix B4 of 1993 EPA Report, "Motor
Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study," EPA 420-R-93-005.
-------
10
Vehicle Class/
Catalyst
MTBE
LDGV/oxcat
LDGV/noncat
HDGV/noncat
HDGV/cat
Baseline Gasoline
MTBE Gasoline
MTBE % TOG = 0.0464*(wt %
MTBE/2.7)
MTBE % TOG = 0.0333 *(wt %
MTBE/2.7)
MTBE % TOG = 0.0209*(wt %
MTBE/2.7)
MTBE % TOG = 0.0155*(wt %
MTBE/2.7)
EtOH Gasoline
-------
Appendix E
EPA's Suggested Methodology to Determine
Toxics Fuel Effects from the Complex Model
-------
(fuelsumS.wpd)
Toxics Fuel Effects Summary
I. Pre-1981 vehicles
A. Technology description: These vehicles include open-loop noncatalyst vehicles
(through 1974) and open-loop vehicles equipped with oxidation catalysts (1975-
1980 cars and trucks).
B. Fuel effect quantification
Baseline VOC emissions are derived from T2AT. The effects of fuel changes on
exhaust VOC emissions from these vehicles are taken from Greg Janssen's July
31, 1991 memo and are summarized below.
VOC Emission Effects
Fuel parameter
Oxygen, per 1 wt%
RVP, per 1 psi
Non-catalyst vehicles
- 1.6%
+ 1.8%
Oxidation catalyst vehicles
-4.46
+ 1.7%
To convert VOC FTP emissions to toxics emissions, Rich Cook has developed
mass fraction equations that describe toxics as a function of at most one or two
fuel properties.
Off-cycle VOC emissions are modeled in T2AT as an additive factor to FTP
emissions. These emissions may have different toxics fractions than on-cycle
emissions do. To model these emissions, the CARB database should be used to
develop off-cycle toxics fractions using one of two approaches: If available, data
from open-loop non-catalyst or oxidation catalyst cars should be used to develop
off-cycle toxics fractions. Otherwise, assume the same proportional change in
toxics fractions as was observed for more modern vehicles in the CARB database.
The CARB Predictive Model is not a viable option for these vehicles because
CARB has repudiated its earlier analysis of fuel effects on emissions from pre-
1981 cars.
-------
II. 1981-1983 Vehicles
A. Technology description: These vehicles fall into 3 classes: open-loop vehicles
equipped with oxidation catalysts, open-loop vehicles equipped with three-way
plus oxidation catalysts, and closed-loop vehicles. The latter class includes
vehicles with a range of fuel distribution systems and both three-way and three-
way plus oxidation catalysts. A small fraction of trucks have no controls.
B. Fuel effect quantification
1. Non-catalyst and open-loop oxidation catalyst vehicles: The equations
developed by Rich Cook can be used.
2. Open-loop vehicles with three-way + oxidation catalysts: These vehicles
will be modeled as open-loop vehicles with oxidation catalysts. The three-
way catalyst is primarily used to control NOx. Furthermore, in the
absence of closed-loop controls, the efficacy of the three-way catalyst on
older vehicles (all such vehicles will be at least 5 years old in 1990 and 11
years old in 1996) is questionable.
3. Closed-loop vehicles: The appropriate complex model technology types
can be used. The relationship between vehicle technologies and Complex
Model technology types is summarized below.
Technology Complex Model Tech Types
Carbureted (3-way and 3-way+oxcat) 9
3-way PFI Simple average of 1, 2, 5
3-way TBI Simple average of 3 & 6
3-way+oxcat PFI 4
3-way+oxcat TBI 7
Higher emitters (all technologies) Higher emitter
Off-cycle VOC emissions are modeled in T2AT as an additive factor to FTP
emissions. These emissions may have different toxics fractions than on-cycle
emissions do. To model these emissions, the CARB database should be used to
develop off-cycle toxics fractions using one of two approaches: If available, data
from cars with the corresponding vehicle technology should be used to develop
off-cycle toxics fractions. Otherwise, assume the same proportional change in
toxics fractions as was observed for more modern vehicles in the CARB database.
The CARB Predictive Model is not a viable option for these vehicles because the
CARB model does not distinguish between normal and higher emitters. It also is
-------
not designed to account for tech group to tech group variations, which can be
large (two-fold or even more).
C. Caveats
These vehicles are not equipped with adaptive learning, whereas the vehicles
tested for the Complex Model all had adaptive learning. Using Complex Model
fuel effects to represent the effect of fuel changes on emissions will tend to
underestimate the benefits of oxygenates in particular; it may also underestimate
the impact of RVP on exhaust emissions.
D. Additional work: Adjust tech group-specific emissions to account for tech group
to tech group variations in baseline VOC and toxics emissions, as described in
Appendix A.
-------
III. 1984-1985 cars, 1984-1987 trucks
A. Technology description: These vehicles are dominated by closed-loop
technologies without adaptive learning. They include a small percentage of open-
loop cars equipped with three-way plus oxidation catalysts and a few open-loop
trucks with oxidation catalysts, but they are dominated by closed-loop vehicles.
The latter class includes vehicles with a range of fuel distribution systems and
both three-way and three-way plus oxidation catalysts.
B. Fuel effect quantification
1. Open-loop vehicles: The same approach described for earlier open-loop
vehicles should be followed.
2. Closed-loop vehicles: The appropriate complex model technology types
can be used. The relationship between vehicle technologies and Complex
Model technology types is summarized below.
Technology Complex Model Tech Types
Carbureted (3-way and 3-way+oxcat) 9
3-way PFI Simple average of 1, 2, 5
3-wayTBI Simple average of 3 & 6
3-way+oxcat PFI 4
3-way+oxcat TBI 7
Higher emitters (all technologies) Higher emitter
The CARB Predictive Model is not a viable option for these vehicles because the
CARB model does not distinguish between normal and higher emitters. It also is
not designed to account for tech group to tech group variations, which can be
large (two-fold or even more).
3. Off-cycle adjustments: T2AT uses a multiplicative adjustment factor to
account for off-cycle adjustments for these and later vehicles. Toxics
fractions will have to be modified to account for the different toxics
fractions observed in off-cycle emissions.
Additional work: Adjust tech group-specific emissions to account for tech group
to tech group variations in baseline VOC and toxics emissions as discussed in
Appendix A.
-------
IV. 1986-1994 Tier 0 cars, 1988-1994 Tier 0 trucks
A. Technology description: These vehicles are dominated by closed-loop
technologies with adaptive learning. The mix of fuel distribution systems shifts
away from carbureted and TBI systems to PFI systems. Both three-way and three-
way plus oxidation catalyst designs are used.
B. Fuel effect quantification
The appropriate complex model technology types can be used. The relationship
between vehicle technologies and Complex Model technology types is
summarized below.
Technology Complex Model Tech Types
Carbureted (3-way and 3-way+oxcat) 9
3-way PFI Simple average of 1, 2, 5
3-way TBI Simple average of 3 & 6
3-way+oxcat PFI 4
3-way+oxcat TBI 7
Higher emitters (all technologies) Higher emitter
Off-cycle adjustments: T2AT uses a multiplicative adjustment factor to account
for off-cycle adjustments for these and later vehicles. Toxics fractions will have
to be modified to account for the different toxics fractions observed in off-cycle
emissions.
Additional work: Adjust tech group-specific emissions to account for tech group
to tech group variations in baseline VOC and toxics emissions, as described in
Appendix A.
-------
V. Tier 1 Vehicles
A. Technology description: These vehicles are dominated by closed-loop
technologies, PFI fuel metering systems, and adaptive learning. Both three-way
and three-way plus oxidation catalyst designs are used.
B. Fuel effect quantification: The appropriate complex model technology types can
be used. The relationship between vehicle technologies and Complex Model
technology types is summarized below.
Technology
3-way PFI
3-way TBI
3-way+oxcatPFI
3-way+oxcat TBI
Higher emitters (all technologies)
Complex Model Tech Types
Simple average of 1, 2, 5
Simple average of 3 & 6
4
7
Higher emitter
Off-cycle adjustments: T2AT uses a multiplicative adjustment factor to account
for off-cycle adjustments for these and later vehicles. Toxics fractions will have
to be modified to account for the different toxics fractions observed in off-cycle
emissions.
Additional work: Adjust tech group-specific emissions to account for tech group
to tech group variations in baseline VOC and toxics emissions, as per Appendix
A.
-------
VI. LEVs
A. Technology description: These vehicles are dominated by closed-loop
technologies, PFI fuel metering systems, adaptive learning, and advanced
catalysts. Three-way or three-way plus oxidation catalyst designs may be used.
B. Fuel effect quantification
2.
3.
Advanced catalyst designs show greater sulfur sensitivity than the
Complex Model suggests. The CRC sulfur study should be used to
develop the sulfur effect. The appropriate complex model technology
types can be used for the other fuel parameters to calculate percentage
changes in baseline toxics levels, which in turn can be calculated based on
the CRC sulfur study results.
A less desirable alternative would be to use Complex Model baseline
toxics emissions, adjusted to reflect lower VOC emissions from LEVs so
that average normal emitter emissions for LEVs do not fall below the
Complex Model normal level. The relationship between vehicle
technologies and Complex Model technology types that could be used is
summarized below.
Technology
3-way PFI
3-way+oxcat PFI
Higher emitters (all technologies)
Complex Model Tech Types
Simple average of 1, 2, 5
4
Higher emitter
It may be possible to further restrict the technology types used to evaluate
the impact of fuel changes on LEVs if information becomes available that
suggests EGR or supplementary air injection will become dominant.
Off-cycle adjustments: T2AT uses a multiplicative adjustment factor to
account for off-cycle adjustments for these vehicles. Toxics fractions will
have to be modified to account for the different toxics fractions observed
in off-cycle emissions.
Additional work
1. Option 1: Calculate baseline toxics using CRC data.
-------
2. Option 2: Adjust Complex Model baseline emissions to account for tech
group to tech group variations in VOC and toxics emissions.
-------
Appendix A: Adjusting Tech Group-Specific Emissions to Account for Tech Group
to Tech Group Variations in VOC and Toxics
The complex model normal emitter baseline numbers for VOC (482 mg/mi in summer
and 712 mg/mi in winter) and toxics are incorrectly assumed to be the same for all tech
groups. They need to be corrected by multiplying normal emitter baseline VOC and
toxics numbers by the following factors to reflect tech group to tech group variations in
VOC emissions:
Tech Correction New Summer baseline fuel emissions (mg/mi)
Group Factor
1 1.0223
2 0.8384
3 0.8458
4 1.5996
5 0.6582
6 0.7355
7 1.4305
9 0.9487
Winter VOC and toxics emissions would be 47.7% higher.
These emission factors should not be used to calculate in-use VOC or toxics emissions.
Rather, these factors should be used to determine the percent change in VOC and toxics
emissions due to fuel changes, which in turn should be applied to the VOC inputs to
T2ATTOX and to the toxics outputs from T2ATTOX.
The complex model database suggests that toxics fractions are not the same across tech
groups. However, no further correction will be made because the mix of test fuels differs
across tech groups, thereby limiting the usefulness of the complex model database in
correcting for tech group differences on baseline fuels. Furthermore, these differences are
smaller than they first appear due to averaging.
3. The complex model's percent change values for fuel changes are correct.
VOC
493
404
408
771
317
354
689
457
BZ
27.298
22.388
22.585
42.715
17.577
19.639
38.198
25.334
Form
5.913
4.849
4.892
9.252
3/807
4.254
8.274
5.488
Acet
2.424
1.988
2.006
3.793
1.561
1.744
3.392
2.250
Buta
2.671
2.190
2.210
4.179
1.720
1.921
3.737
2.479
-------
Appendix F
Model-Year-Specific Technology Fractions
-------
IV
Open -Loop
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MYA
65
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
00
01
04
65
75
76
77
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
65
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
MYB
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
99
00
03
50
74
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
NCAT
100
20
15
10
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
30
20
25
20
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.60
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.10
.00
.48
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.60
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.10
.00
.48
CAT
0
80
85
90
95
28
32
24
5
7
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
70
80
75
80
95
96
84
72
62
49
26
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
95
96
84
72
62
49
26
5
1
1
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.10
.50
.40
.80
.60
.40
.70
.00
.30
.10
.00
.29
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.20
.10
.10
.80
.90
.50
.40
.00
.40
.20
.10
.87
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.20
.10
.10
.80
.90
.50
.40
.00
.40
.20
.10
.87
Closed-Loop
Carb
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
62.
50.
48.
55.
40.
31.
24.
10.
12.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
3.
13.
25.
25.
13.
12.
9.
7 .
2.
1 .
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
3.
13.
25.
25.
13.
12.
9.
7 .
2.
1 .
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.60
.60
.00
.80
.90
.90
.10
.50
.80
.30
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.80
.90
.10
.00
.80
.10
.80
.20
.70
.00
.50
.76
.10
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.80
.90
.10
.00
.80
.10
.80
.20
.70
.00
.50
.76
3W
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
6.
8.
10.
29.
32.
34.
44 .
54.
71 .
77 .
86.
89.
96.
98.
100.
100.
100.
100.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
6.
23.
20.
28.
33.
41 .
43.
54.
58.
62.
63.
63.
69.
75.
81.
87.
93.
93.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
6.
23.
20.
28.
33.
41 .
43.
54.
PFI
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.20
.50
.50
.20
.90
.70
.40
.60
.80
.50
.47
.06
.12
.80
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.20
.20
.60
.80
.40
.00
.10
.20
.50
.15
.00
.13
.92
.00
.08
.16
.24
.32
.40
.40
.00
.00
.00
.00
.20
.20
.60
.80
.40
.00
.10
.20
.50
.15
3W
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
11.
15.
5.
13.
21.
32.
23.
19.
18.
9.
10.
3.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
9.
22.
37.
30.
32.
36.
31.
30.
27.
25.
25.
20.
15.
10.
5.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
9.
22.
37.
30.
32.
36.
31.
TBI
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.70
.50
.90
.80
.30
.70
.70
.90
.40
.90
.56
.94
.88
.20
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.70
.10
.30
.00
.70
.50
.20
.82
.08
.21
.36
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.70
.10
.30
.00
.70
.50
.20
.82
3W+OX
PFI
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
6.
2.
4 .
5.
4 .
2.
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
13.
20.
18.
14.
11.
10.
10.
10.
12.
10.
9.
8.
7 .
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
13.
20.
18.
14.
11.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.10
.00
.20
.50
.60
.40
.40
.80
.10
.30
.10
.68
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.30
.60
.90
.70
.20
.86
.82
.66
.72
.00
.92
.84
.76
.68
.60
.60
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.30
.60
.90
.70
.20
.86
3W+OX
TBI
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
4 .
6.
12.
15.
13.
14.
8.
3.
2.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
5.
7 .
6.
4 .
4 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4 .
5.
7 .
6.
4 .
4 .
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.00
.80
.30
.00
.10
.60
.00
.60
.60
.20
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.50
.80
.20
.20
.30
.50
.06
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.50
.80
.20
.20
.30
.50
.06
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
-------
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
7
8
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
04
68
82
87
88
90
96
00
01
05
65
65
65
65
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
03
50
81
86
87
89
95
99
00
04
20
50
50
50
20
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
100.
95.
70.
60.
7 .
5.
2.
2.
0.
100.
100.
100.
100.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
5.
30.
40.
93.
95.
98.
98.
100.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.10
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
58.
62.
63.
63.
69.
75.
81.
87.
93.
93.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00
.13
.92
.00
.08
.16
.24
.32
.40
.40
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
30.
27.
25.
25.
20.
15.
10.
5.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.08
.21
.36
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
10.
10.
10.
12.
10.
9.
8.
7 .
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.82
.66
.72
.00
.92
.84
.76
.68
.60
.60
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0.00
0.00
0.00
100
-------
Appendix G
Evaluation of CARB UC-FTP Database
-------
The Off-Cycle Toxics Adjustment Factor Analysis
Background: Work Assignment 0-07 involves the estimation of on-road motor vehicle air toxic
emissions, exposure, and cancer risk. The basic on-road emissions analysis requires an
assessment of both on- and off-cycle emissions performance. As a key component of their Tier
2 emission standards study, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has previously
developed an approach for estimating off-cycle impacts on the criteria pollutants HC, CO, and
NOX.J Since that approach is carried over to the HC (as TOG) and CO components of Work
Assignment 0-07, a similar approach to the consideration of off-cycle impacts on toxic emissions
(which were not considered in the previous Tier 2 study) is required.
The EPA approach essentially involves the assumption that emissions measured over the Unified
Cycle (UC) accurately reflect the aggressive driving aspects of actual on-road performance and,
therefore, the relationship of UC measured emissions to Federal Test Procedure (FTP) measured
emissions provides the necessary adjustment factors to account for off-cycle (aggressive driving)
emission impacts. This appendix details the approach undertaken to derive the UC/FTP
relationship for five toxic species: benzene, 1,3-butadiene, MTBE, formaldehyde, and
acetaldehyde. The ultimate form of the derived relationships is expressed as, as described in
Section 4 of the main report, the ratio of the UC toxics fraction of TOG to the FTP toxics
fraction of TOG.
The EPA approach also involves the application of an additional set of adjustment factors to
account for on-road air conditioning usage not reflected in either the standard FTP or UC.
However, for HC (as TOG), the air conditioning adjustments are minor relative to the UC
off-cycle aggressive driving adjustments. Whereas the aggressive driving TOG adjustments can
be as high as 30 percent for some vehicle model years, air conditioning corrections are confined
to a range of -2 percent to +4 percent. In the absence of specific speciated test data on which to
base toxic air conditioning adjustment factors and because air conditioning represents a relatively
constant load (when activated), it was assumed that on-cycle (i.e., FTP) toxic fractions are
accurate over both on- and off-cycle air conditioning operation. Given the order-of-magnitude
difference in aggressive driving and air conditioning impacts on TOG emission rates, any error
associated with this assumption will be small.
Aggressive Driving Approach: A small database of toxic emissions measurements collected
over the REP05, US06, and FTP cycles was provided by EPA staff for use in determining
off-cycle aggressive driving toxics adjustment factors. Unfortunately, a basic review of the
database revealed several areas of concern limiting its utility. Table A-l provides an overview of
the database and illustrates most of the limiting factors. First, all vehicles with reported
1 "Tier 2 Study", Draft Report, EPA420-P-98-009, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 23, 1998.
-1-
-------
Table A-l
Description of REP05/US06
Database
Vehicles Tested
Model Year
1995
1993
1993
1993
1994
1995
1995
1989
1989
1989
1989
not reported
not reported
not reported
Model
Caravan
Taurus
Spirit
Lumina
Dodge B250
Intrepid
Taurus
Camry
Grand Am
Taurus
Sundance
Chevrolet C-20 Pickup
Crown Victoria
Dodge B150 Ram Wagon
Type
Gasoline LDT
M-FFV
M-FFV
E-FFV
Gasoline LDT
Gasoline LDV
Gasoline LDV
Gasoline LDV
Gasoline LDV
Gasoline LDV
Gasoline LDV
CNG
CNG
CNG
Test Fuel(s)
2% MTBE
2% MTBE
2% MTBE
2% MTBE
not reported
not reported
not reported
Non-Oxy and 2% MTBE
Non-Oxy and 2% MTBE
Non-Oxy and 2% MTBE
Non-Oxy and 2% MTBE
CNG
CNG
CNG
Speciated Emissions Test Data Points
Species
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
1,3 -Butadiene
Benzene
MTBE
TOG
REP05/FTP
18
18
17
18
7
4
US06/FTP
3
3
0
0
0
3
REP05/US06 Comments
0 a
0 a
0 a
0 a
0 b
0
Comments: a. REP05/FTP data points comprise 11 vehicles in total, 7 of which were tested on multiple fuels. 3
of 11 REP05/FTP vehicles and 6 of 18 data points are associated with CNG vehicle testing.
b. 3 of 7 REP05/FTP vehicles and data points are associated with CNG vehicle testing.
-2-
-------
model years fall within the very narrow range of 1989-1995. Second, three of the eleven vehicles
tested are CNG powered and, therefore, not reflective of typical on-road fleet impacts. Third,
there is no mechanism inherent in the database to adjust for differences in the REP05 and US06
cycles (i.e., no vehicles were tested over both cycles). Fourth, only a fraction of the data includes
simultaneous toxics species and TOG measurements. Finally, neither the REP05 or US06 test
cycles are reflective of emissions performance over the UC used for TOG off-cycle adjustment
factor development. Both REP05 and US06 incorporate much higher fractions of off-cycle
driving than the UC (and, theoretically, on-road operation which the UC was designed to reflect).
Therefore, while off-cycle to on-cycle toxics ratios can be developed from the data, a secondary
method of determining the fraction of on-road operation accumulated in each mode would be
required (as well as a method to equilibrate the two varying test cycles (i.e., the REP05 and the
US06) in the EPA database.
Based on the deficiencies noted, supplemental sources of off-cycle toxics data were investigated
and it was determined that the California Air Resources Board (CARB) had performed a
substantial number of speciated emissions tests over both the UC and FTP cycles. Since such
data alleviates several (but not all, as discussed below) of the deficiencies of the REP05/US06
database, the CARB UC/FTP database was obtained and utilized as the basis for the off-cycle
(aggressive driving) adjustment factors used in the performance of this work assignment.
The CARB FTP/UC Database: CARB provided results from 36 speciated emissions tests, 18
of which were performed over the FTP cycle and 18 of which were performed over the UC. A
total of 13 different test vehicles are represented. In all but one case, each of the 18 FTP tests can
be matched with a corresponding UC test, where both tests are conducted on the same vehicle,
using the same fuel, with only moderate mileage accumulation (in many cases, only the mileage
associated with the first test cycle) between tests. However, for a single test pair, the fuel
reported for the FTP test does not match the fuel reported for the UC test. Given the influence
test fuel can play on measured emissions, this single mismatched test pair was excluded from all
analysis under this work assignment. Table A-2 presents an overview of the CARB test data.
As indicated in Table A-2, of the 12 "matching fuel" vehicles in the database, 9 were tested once
over both the FTP and the UC while operating on one of two fuels, either commercial unleaded
gasoline (2 vehicles) or California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline (7 vehicles). Two of the
remaining three matching fuel vehicles were tested twice over the FTP and twice over the UC,
once while operating on indolene and once while operating on commercial unleaded gasoline.
One matching fuel vehicle was tested four times over the FTP and four times over the UC, once
each on California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline and indolene and twice on commercial
unleaded gasoline. The "mismatched fuel" vehicle (see arbitrarily labeled tests ISA and 18B in
Table A-2), which was excluded from all toxics adjustment factor analysis, was reported to have
been tested on commercial unleaded gasoline over the FTP and California Phase 2 Reformulated
Gasoline over the UC. Unfortunately CARB was unable to provide fuel specification data for
any of the test fuels so the specific variation in fuel properties is not available. However, test
dates indicate that some of the commercial unleaded gasoline testing was performed prior to the
requirement that all California gasoline meet Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline specifications.
-3-
-------
Table A-2
Synopsis of the CARS FTP/UC Database
Test
lumber
1A
IB
2A
2B
3A
3B
4A
4B
5A
5B
6A
6B
7A
7B
8A
8B
9A
9B
10A
10B
11A
11B
12A
12B
13A
13B
14A
14B
ISA
15B
16A
16B
17A
17B
18A
18B
Model
Year
1996
1995
1994
1993
1993
1993
1993
1992
1989
1989
1989
1987
1984
1984
1983
1982
1982
1991
Vehicle
Make
FORD
TOTA
GM
FORD
FORD
FORD
FORD
CHRY
FORD
FORD
TOTA
MAZD
FORD
MITS
CHRY
GM
GM
FORD
Vehicle
Model
TAURUS GL
COROLLA DX
SUNBIRD LE4DR
TAURUS GL
TAURUS GL
TAURUS GL
TAURUS GL
WRANGLER 2DR
TRACER
TRACER
CAMRY
626LXi 2DR
P/U F-250
COLT
VAN RAM150
CORVETTE
CORVETTE
TAURUS
Engine
Family
STY1.8VJG1GA
R1G2.0V7GFEA
PFM3.8V5FAC8
PFM3.8V5FAC8
PFM3.8V5FAC8
PFM3.8V5FAC8
NCR242T5FEFX
KFM1.6V5FC9
KFM1.6V5FC9
KTY2.0V5FCC1
HTK2.0V5FAK3
EFM4.9T1HGG5
EMT1.6V2FCA5
DCR3.7T1AHS4
C1G5.7V5NBM2
C1G5.7V5NBM2
MFM3.0V5FX03
Odometer
Reading
43077
43088
12302
12313
53752
53774
7429
7964
7834
7798
8010
7850
7890
7901
65196
65255
104715
104497
104661
104613
129092
129115
223589
223628
36660
36671
122337
122337
114222
114247
131965
131974
132030
131910
69189
69134
Test
Type
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
Test
Fuel
RFG
UnL
RFG
Ind
UnL
UnL
RFG
RFG
Ind
UnL
UnL
RFG
RFG
RFG
RFG
Ind
UnL
UnL
RFG
High
Emitter?
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mn
THC
(g/mi)
0.1257
0.1309
0.1606
0.1301
0.1924
0.1344
0.0501
0.1164
0.1223
0.1239
0.0913
0.1181
0.0886
0.1005
0.2833
0.3644
0.1847
0.1844
0.2324
0.2730
0.2274
0.3742
1.7677
1.7501
0.3766
0.4903
1.4099
1.6163
2.2895
2.3424
1.7809
1.5220
1.4140
1.4043
0.4205
03703
TOG
(g/mi)
0.1311
0.1377
0.1662
0.1345
0.2045
0.1429
0.0536
0.1244
0.1272
0.1260
0.0923
0.1209
0.0920
0.1117
0.2941
0.3763
0.1888
0.1872
0.2531
0.2870
0.2318
0.3835
1.8764
1.8629
0.3841
0.4985
1.5309
1.7264
2.3704
2.4041
1.8317
1.5728
1.4803
1.4656
0.4328
03828
Benzene
(mg/mi)
3.8733
3.4630
4.6247
4.8528
4.6924
4.1695
1.7666
5.8468
6.2116
9.7737
3.9428
9.3815
3.1039
5.4411
8.2053
9.0569
6.0074
6.9607
6.3636
9.1525
7.9994
21.8217
72.7795
76.8858
12.1466
24.0186
35.7490
42.4803
59.8553
82.2424
69.9380
67.7398
58.0894
59.3127
13.2492
107827
1,3-Butad
(mg/mi)
0.4719
0.2598
0.8189
1.0670
0.9455
0.6358
0.1902
0.3080
0.7034
0.4274
0.4036
0.7331
0.4695
0.2481
1.3462
1.1907
0.8885
0.9538
0.6818
0.9992
1.2267
2.8594
17.5925
15.4418
0.7973
1.0149
14.6033
8.0979
4.4287
3.1607
5.3410
3.9056
6.0390
4.7875
1.4970
0 8301
MTBE
(mg/mi)
4.0072
3.4306
3.6832
2.3777
6.5115
3.6821
0.1345
0.0000
3.1396
2.6549
3.1161
2.1953
2.7508
2.9428
10.8351
17.9644
0.0000
0.0000
4.7496
2.4148
0.0000
0.0000
24.4603
16.0411
11.5648
9.2366
70.4496
80.0602
21.4863
12.3718
0.0000
1.2878
13.5599
20.4828
8.5297
80156
Formald
(mg/mi)
1.5937
3.9426
2.6499
1.8564
4.4394
4.0374
2.6240
6.3267
2.9638
0.4605
0.6365
0.9556
2.0666
9.6098
4.0166
4.4172
2.4745
0.8445
10.9043
10.4562
2.0930
2.8130
42.0528
43.7857
3.6149
3.6696
51.3210
43.8942
25.0328
25.0180
21.8404
24.6744
23.5275
12.9383
3.4716
34596
Acetald
(mg/mi)
0.5032
0.4645
0.5278
0.4098
1.0985
0.6821
0.2053
0.5020
0.4069
0.4898
0.1414
0.5244
0.3862
0.4014
1.2080
1.0991
0.4316
0.5624
0.7099
0.9512
0.7367
1.7792
11.3426
12.1923
0.9507
1.1920
11.6262
10.2241
7.7771
7.6806
8.8994
6.5080
7.8022
7.2346
1.2526
1 1353
Fuel type "RFG" indicates California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline, "Ind" indicates indolene, and "UnL" indicates commercial unleaded gasoline.
-4-
-------
"1,3-Butad" indicates 1,3-tmtadiene, "Formald" indicates formaldehyde, and "Acetald" indicates "acetaldehyde.'
-5-
-------
As mentioned above, most of the corresponding FTP and UC tests were performed with only
moderate mileage accumulation between tests. Of the 10 vehicles tested once (including the
mismatched fuel vehicle), the maximum reported mileage between FTP and UC test initiation is
believed to be 59 miles (the uncertainty derives from the fact that identical FTP and UC start
mileages are reported for one test vehicle). In all single test matched fuel cases, the FTP was
performed first. For vehicles tested multiple times on different fuels, greater mileage
accumulation is evident between tests on differing fuels to ensure that any emissions effects
associated with the preceding test fuel do not affect the following test performance.
Additionally, multiple fuel testing was not always performed sequentially (i.e., same-fuel FTP
and UC tests were not always performed consecutively), so that accumulations of one to two
hundred miles are observed between several corresponding multi-fuel tests, with a single test pair
separated by a maximum of 535 miles (due to the performance of 5 tests on other fuels between
the matching test pair).
The CARB database was subjected to a basic integrity check prior to off-cycle adjustment factor
analysis. This check detected two potential problem areas. First, test pair 4A/4B (see Table A-2)
was determined to be invalid. As evidenced by the emission measurements presented in Table
A-2, the FTP/UC relationship for this test pair is an outlier. Further review of the CARB test
data indicates that the CO2 emission rate over the FTP (test 4A) is reported to be only 168 grams
per mile, while that over the UC (test 4B) is a much more reasonable 439 grams per mile.
Clearly there is a quality problem with this test pair that appears to be traceable to a test 4A
dilution factor calculation error (given the apparent under-reporting of all test species). Since
sufficient information to confirm or correct such an error is not included in the data provided by
CARB, the test 4A/4B pair was dropped from the analysis database. The UC CO2/FTP CO2
relationship for all other test pairs varies from -2 percent to +13 percent (with both matching fuel
test pairs indicating a negative relationship being high emitters), so that no other obvious data
quality problems are apparent.
The second data integrity problem area was an apparent discrepancy in the treatment of THC,
CH4, and NMHC emission rates on all tests. Essentially, CARB appears to correct THC
measurements for FID CH4 "over-response," but does not apply this same correction to CH4
itself. Since NMHC is then determined as THC minus CH4, the reported CH4 emission rate
appears to be somewhat high (on the order of 5 percent or so depending on FID CH4 response)
and the reported NMHC emission rate appears to be correspondingly low. However, unlike the
previous under-measurement problem with test 4A, this problem is easily resolved. Since TOG
emissions are the basis for all off-cycle toxics fractions, only the THC (plus alcohol and
carbonyl) measurement need be precise. Moreover, all information necessary to correct both the
reported CH4 and NMHC measurements is available in the data provided by CARB. Therefore,
this potential problem area does not ultimately affect the off-cycle toxics analysis (but care was
taken to ensure that all data used in the analysis was consistent).
Determination of Off-Cycle Toxic Adjustment Factors: As described above (and as shown in
Table A-2), a total of 16 matched fuel UC/FTP speciated test pairs were available to support a
determination of the required off-cycle toxics adjustment factors (test pairs 4A/4B and 18A/18B
were excluded due to data integrity and fuel mismatch problems respectively). Ideally, off-cycle
-------
adjustment factor analysis would be conducted on a vehicle technology, vehicle class, and fuel
specific basis to ensure that all vehicle- and fuel-specific influences were properly accounted for
in the calculated adjustment factors. However, the size of the available database precludes such
disaggregated treatment. Nevertheless, several precautions were taken to minimize any
unaccounted for vehicle- and fuel-specific influences. First, all off-cycle adjustments are
calculated in normalized form as the ratio of the UC toxic fraction to the FTP toxics fraction.
Therefore, both vehicle- and fuel-specific influences will be controlled to the extent that such
influences are consistent across the FTP and UC. Second, in determining MTBE ratios, all zero
content MTBE fuels were excluded from analysis since exhaust MTBE emissions for such fuels
will be at or near zero. Third, the CARB test data was collapsed so that each test vehicle is
represented in the off-cycle adjustment database only once. Test results for vehicles that were
tested multiple times were consolidated into a single UC/FTP test pair by arithmetically
averaging individual test results. Finally, several statistical checks were applied to ensure no
obvious problems with the aggregated treatment of the CARB data. Table A-3 presents the
off-cycle toxics database after the application of the described quality control steps.
Following exclusion of suspect quality data, aggregation of multiple test vehicle results, and
elimination of the zero MTBE content fuel results for MTBE adjustment factor analysis, the
analysis database consists of:
• 8 normal emitter test pairs for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde
analysis,
• 7 normal emitter test pairs for MTBE analysis, and
• 4 high emitter test pairs for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, MTBE, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde
analysis.
Due to the small sample sizes available for adjustment factor development, an aggregated
approach based on the development of single adjustment factors for normal and high emitters
was employed. Such an approach allows for the development of model year specific adjustment
factors through the appropriate weighting of the normal and high emitter adjustments (as
described in Section 4), but explicitly discounts any inherent influences of vehicle technology,
class, or fuel. Given the limitations imposed by database size, it is difficult to be certain that
such overlooked influences are not significant, but basic analyses possible with the given data
imply that they are no more significant than seemingly random variations in the dataset. To some
extent, this is expected given the normalization approach employed in this analysis. While
technology and fuel may influence emissions, much of that influence should be consistent across
both the FTP and UC cycles and, therefore, "factored out" during the normalization process.
This does not imply any loss in fuel or technology significance in the overall toxics exposure
analysis, since the basic differences due to fuels and technology will be reflected in the basic
emission rates to which the off-cycle adjustments are applied.
-7-
-------
Table A-3
FTP/UC Database used for Off-Cycle Adjustment Analysis
Test
Mumber
1A
IB
2A
2B
3A
3B
5-7A
5-7B
8A
8B
9-10A
9-1 OB
10A
10B
11A
11B
13A
13B
12A
12B
14A
14B
ISA
15B
16-17A
16-17B
17A
17B
Model
Year
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1989
1989
1989
1984
1987
1984
1983
1982
1982
Vehicle
Make
FORD
TOTA
GM
FORD
CHRY
FORD
FORD
TOTA
FORD
MAZD
MITS
CHRY
GM
GM
Vehicle
Model
TAURUS GL
COROLLA DX
SUNBIRD LE4DR
TAURUS GL
WRANGLER 2DR
TRACER
TRACER
CAMRY
P/U F-250
626LXi 2DR
COLT
VANRAM150
CORVETTE
CORVETTE
Engine
Family
TFM3.0V8GKEK
STY1.8VJG1GA
R1G2.0V7GFEA
PFM3.8V5FAC8
NCR242T5FEFX
KFM1.6V5FC9
KFM1.6V5FC9
KTY2.0V5FCC1
EFM4.9T1HGG5
HTK2.0V5FAK3
EMT1.6V2FCA5
DCR3.7T1AHS4
C1G5.7V5NBM2
C1G5.7V5NBM2
Odometer
Reading
43077
43088
12302
12313
53752
53774
7911
7850
65196
65255
104688
104555
104661
104613
129092
129115
36660
36671
223589
223628
122337
122337
114222
114247
131998
131942
132030
131910
Test
Type
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
FTP
UC
Test
Fuel
RFG
UnL
RFG
UnL/RFG
RFG
Ind/UnL
UnL
UnL
RFG
RFG
RFG
RFG
Ind/UnL
UnL
High
Emitter?
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
THC
(g/mi)
0.1257
0.1309
0.1606
0.1301
0.1924
0.1344
0.1007
0.1142
0.2833
0.3644
0.2085
0.2287
0.2324
0.2730
0.2274
0.3742
0.3766
0.4903
1.7677
1.7501
1.4099
1.6163
2.2895
2.3424
1.5974
1.4631
1.4140
1 .4043
TOG
(g/mi)
0.1311
0.1377
0.1662
0.1345
0.2045
0.1429
0.1038
0.1196
0.2941
0.3763
0.2210
0.2371
0.2531
0.2870
0.2318
0.3835
0.3841
0.4985
1.8764
1.8629
1.5309
1.7264
2.3704
2.4041
1.6560
1.5192
1.4803
1 .4656
Benzene
(mg/mi)
3.8733
3.4630
4.6247
4.8528
4.6924
4.1695
4.4194
8.1988
8.2053
9.0569
6.1855
8.0566
7.9994
21.8217
12.1466
24.0186
72.7795
76.8858
35.7490
42.4803
59.8553
82.2424
64.0137
63.5262
1,3-Butad
(mg/mi)
0.4719
0.2598
0.8189
1.0670
0.9455
0.6358
0.5255
0.4695
1.3462
1.1907
0.7851
0.9765
1.2267
2.8594
0.7973
1.0149
17.5925
15.4418
14.6033
8.0979
4.4287
3.1607
5.6900
4.3466
MTBE
(mg/mi)
4.0072
3.4306
3.6832
2.3777
6.5115
3.6821
3.0021
2.5976
10.8351
17.9644
4.7496
2.4148
11.5648
9.2366
24.4603
16.0411
70.4496
80.0602
21.4863
12.3718
13.5599
20.4828
Form aid
(mg/mi)
1.5937
3.9426
2.6499
1.8564
4.4394
4.0374
1.8889
3.6753
4.0166
4.4172
6.6684
5.6504
2.0930
2.8130
3.6149
3.6696
42.0528
43.7857
51.3210
43.8942
25.0328
25.0180
22.6840
18.8063
Acetald
(mg/mi)
0.5032
0.4645
0.5278
0.4098
1.0985
0.6821
0.3115
0.4719
1.2080
1.0991
0.5708
0.7568
0.7367
1.7792
0.9507
1.1920
11.3426
12.1923
11.6262
10.2241
7.7771
7.6806
8.3508
6.8713
Fuel type "RFG" indicates California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline, "Ind" indicates indolene, and "UnL" indicates commercial unleaded gasoline.
"1,3-Butad" indicates 1,3-butadiene, "Formald" indicates formaldehyde, and "Acetald" indicates "acetaldehyde."
Test pairs 9-10A/9-10B, 11A/1 IB, and 16-17A/16-17B are excluded from MTBE adjustment factor development due to zero MTBE content fuel use.
Test pairs 10A/10B and 17A/17B are used only for MTBE adjustment factor development (both pairs exclude zero MTBE content fuel test results).
For multiple test pairs, the tabulated odometer readings are the arithmetic average of component test readings.
-------
Some degree of assessment of the potential significance of fuel effects can be attained by
examining the CARB data for the three vehicles that were tested multiple times on different
fuels. CARB tested a 1993 Ford Taurus once on indolene, once on California Phase 2
Reformulated Gasoline, and twice on commercial unleaded gasoline. Comparing the variation in
the ratio of the UC toxics fraction (of TOG) to the FTP toxics fraction (of TOG) when tested on
the two commercial unleaded gasolines to the overall variation indicates that the unleaded
variation comprises 58 percent of the overall variation for benzene, 81 percent of the overall
variation for 1,3-butadiene, 92 percent of the overall variation for MTBE, 27 percent of the
overall variation for formaldehyde, and 82 percent of the overall variation for acetaldehyde.
With the exception of formaldehyde, almost as much variability is observed between results for
the two commercial unleaded fuels as is observed over the entire four tests. While formaldehyde
appears to be an exception, nearly all the difference can be tied to a single UC test result that is
not supported by a similar difference in FTP results. Therefore, the source of the variation does
not appear to be fuel related.
CARB also tested two other vehicles on two fuels each. A 1989 Ford Tracer tested on both
indolene and commercial unleaded gasoline indicated total toxics fraction ratio variability across
the two fuels of only 9 percent for benzene, 19 percent for 1,3-butadiene, and 10 percent for
acetaldehyde. Once again, formaldehyde indicates significant variability, with a 146 percent
difference. Data for MTBE is only available for one fuel. A 1982 Chevrolet Corvette also tested
on both indolene and commercial unleaded gasoline indicates similar variabilities across fuels of
only 9 percent for benzene, 6 percent for 1,3-butadiene, and 10 percent for acetaldehyde.
Formaldehyde variability is again significant, but interestingly the variability is opposite in sign
to that for the Tracer and of virtually identical magnitude (-58 percent versus +146 percent
difference). As a result, it is not possible to identify any definitive fuel-specific influences within
the small sample available for analysis. Additional inferences may have been possible had
specific fuel specifications been available, but CARB did not respond to a request for such data.
Nevertheless, it does appear that fuel effects are not the predominant influence for a
normalization-based approach such as that employed in this analysis and the uncertainty
associated with treating all fuels in the aggregate is expected to be only a small component of
overall analysis uncertainty.
To assess the potential impacts of vehicle technology, a basic regression of the ratio of UC toxics
fraction (of TOG) to FTP toxics fraction (of TOG) by vehicle model year was conducted. The
results of this regression analysis are presented in the upper half of Table A-4. Notwithstanding
the very small sample sizes, not a single model year coefficient or intercept is significant at over
90 percent confidence. A case for a formaldehyde relationship can be made over the entire 8
normal emitter vehicle dataset as both coefficient and intercept are significant at 90 percent
confidence, but further examination indicates that this relationship is controlled by a single data
point for a 1996 Ford Taurus. When excluded, the confidence level of both the coefficient and
the intercept decline to just over 75 percent and "random" effects appear to dominate the model
year relationship. Based on this, albeit simplistic, analysis, it does not appear that vehicle
technology influences are a predominant factor, at least in the database available for this analysis.
One additional observation is, however, critical. The database available for analysis does not
include any pre-1981 model year vehicles. Therefore, potential
-9-
-------
Table A-4
Database Regression Analysis Results
Emitter
Category
Toxics
Species
Number
of
Data Points
r2
F
a
Confidence
Level
of a
b
Confidence
Level
ofb
Zero
Intercept
Slope
AvgUC
Fraction to
AvgFTP
Fraction
Slope/Avg
Delta
UC/FTP Toxic Fraction Ratio = a (Vehicle Model Year) + b
Normal
Emitters
High
Emitters
Benzene
1,3 -Butadiene
MTBE
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Benzene
1,3 -Butadiene
MTBE
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
8
8
7
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
0.239
0.034
0.153
0.393
0.090
0.121
0.062
0.352
0.189
0.338
1.887
0.211
0.901
3.882
0.590
0.275
0.133
1.086
0.467
1.020
-0.038
-0.017
0.024
0.091
-0.019
-0.023
0.020
-0.134
0.025
0.034
78%
34%
61%
90%
53%
35%
25%
59%
44%
58%
77.181
34.870
-47.043
-179.436
39.523
47.337
-39.418
267.275
-49.168
-67.168
79%
35%
61%
90%
54%
36%
25%
59%
43%
58%
UC Toxics Fraction = a (FTP Toxics Fraction) + b
Normal
Emitters
High
Emitters
Benzene
1,3 -Butadiene
MTBE
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Benzene
1,3 -Butadiene
MTBE
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
8
8
7
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
0.782
0.483
0.758
0.336
0.280
0.835
0.741
0.943
0.879
0.743
21.558
5.599
15.628
3.032
2.335
10.109
5.727
33.381
14.547
5.788
2.425
1.458
1.893
0.811
0.470
0.878
0.649
1.018
0.695
0.713
100%
94%
99%
87%
82%
91%
86%
97%
94%
86%
-0.034
-0.002
-0.031
0.006
0.002
0.008
0.000
-0.001
0.004
0.001
92%
47%
92%
49%
87%
53%
13%
16%
58%
43%
1.350
1.060
0.856
1.113
0.986
1.113
0.694
0.986
0.861
0.904
1.315
1.037
0.825
1.163
1.020
1.126
0.708
0.965
0.894
0.919
-3%
-2%
-4%
5%
3%
1%
2%
-2%
4%
2%
-10-
-------
influences associated with major catalyst technology differences cannot be ascertained. Too
some extent, this problem is alleviated through the predominance of 1981 and later vehicles in
the future year fleets addressed in the overall toxics exposure analysis. Nevertheless, a
significant fraction of such vehicles are present in the 1990 analysis fleet. Therefore, given the
complete absence of data for such vehicles, off-cycle adjustment factors have been set to unity
for pre-1981 LDV's and pre-1984 LDT's as described in Section 4 of the main report.
Based on the negative assessments of fuel and model year influences, an aggregate treatment of
the CARB test data appears to be justified. As outlined in Section 4 of the main report, the
desired application of the off-cycle adjustment is multiplicative in design. However, before such
application was accepted, a basic regression analysis of the CARB data was performed to ensure
that no absolute offsets were present in the UC/FTP relations. The bottom half of Table A-4
presents the results of a regression analysis of the UC toxics fraction (of TOG) versus the FTP
toxics fraction (of TOG). As indicated, significant intercepts were found in no cases at 95
percent confidence and only two cases at 90 percent confidence. Conversely, significant
coefficients were found at 95 percent or greater confidence in 3 of 10 relations (including both of
those where intercepts were significant at 90 percent confidence) and at 90 percent or greater
confidence in 6 of 10 relations. All four remaining relations showed significant coefficients only
between 80 and 90 percent confidence, but in all cases but one coefficient significance exceeded
intercept significance (in most cases by substantial margins). While the calculated relations are
not definitive in their confirmation of the superiority of a multiplicative approach in all cases,
they strongly suggest that such an approach is as or more reliable than an approach which
includes an emissions offset given available data.
The three rightmost columns of the bottom half of Table A-4 present results for two approaches
to the determination of multiplicative off-cycle adjustment factors. One approach relies on zero
intercept regression coefficients, while the second is simply the ratio of the arithmetic average of
UC toxic fractions to the arithmetic average of FTP fractions. By definition, these two estimates
must be similar and, as shown in Table 4, the observed variation is ±5 percent. Given this
similarity and the fact that the regression statistics are based on very small datasets, the estimates
derived through the arithmetic average approach were used for all subsequent toxics analysis.
Table A-5 presents a final summary of the off-cycle adjustment factors and includes the
minimum and maximum UC/FTP toxic fraction ratios for test data included in the arithmetic
average statistics. With the exception of MTBE, the range of ratios tends to be much smaller for
high emitters and, with the exception of 1,3-butadiene and acetaldehyde, closer to unity.
Clearly there is considerable uncertainty in the derived off-cycle adjustment factor estimates
given the quantity of available data. This uncertainty extends to the issue of whether vehicle
technology and fuel influences are, in fact, significant and just not identifiable given the relative
scatter of data over such a small database. Moreover, normal emitter adjustment factors for both
1,3-butadiene and acetaldehyde are sufficiently close to unity such that the collection of
additional data is required before even directional differences can be known with certainty.
While additional data should be collected to support more finely detailed analysis in the future,
the derived estimates appear reasonable, with the largest implied adjustment on the order of 30
percent.
-11-
-------
Table A-5
Summary of Off-Cycle Toxics Adjustment Factor Analysis
Toxic Species
Benzene
1,3 -Butadiene
MTBE
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Parameter
Ratio Estimate
Minimum
Maximum
Data Points
Ratio Estimate
Minimum
Maximum
Data Points
Ratio Estimate
Minimum
Maximum
Data Points
Ratio Estimate
Minimum
Maximum
Data Points
Ratio Estimate
Minimum
Maximum
Data Points
Normal Emitters
Regression
Coefficient
1.350
8
1.060
8
0.856
7
1.113
8
0.986
8
Arithmetic
Average
1.315
0.851
1.649
8
1.037
0.524
1.610
8
0.825
0.474
1.296
7
1.163
0.782
2.354
8
1.020
0.711
1.460
8
High Emitters
Regression
Coefficient
1.113
4
0.694
4
0.986
4
0.861
4
0.904
4
Arithmetic
Average
1.126
1.054
1.355
4
0.708
0.492
0.884
4
0.965
0.568
1.647
4
0.894
0.758
1.049
4
0.919
0.780
1.083
4
-12-
-------
Appendix H
Summary of MOBTOXSb Code Changes to Implement
Revised Toxics Emissions Estimation Procedures
and Description of Model Function
-------
Appendix G
MOBTOXSb Usage and Description
MOBTOXSb Input file
MOBTOXSb input file should be similar to the standard MOBILESb input file with the
following exceptions:
1. The NMHFLG should be set to 7. In addition the LTXFLG on the same record should
always be 1. The format for the NMHFLG record should be : II, Ix, II. The input record
should look like:
7 1 NMHFLG=7 for Toxics output.
2. The Toxic-TOG curves, the evaporative toxic fractions and the off-cycle correction factors
are read in from three separate files. The input format of these files are described in
Appendix I for the evaporative fractions, Appendix H for the toxic-TOG curves, and
Appendix A for the off-cycle corrections. The input file needs to reference these files by
using the following three statements:
TX EVP FRACTIONS : EVAPFILE.EVP
TX EXH FRACTIONS : TX-TOGFILE.EXH
OFFCYCLE FACTORS : OFFCYCLEFILE.OFF
The format of these lines need to have the exact format and content as described above on the
left side of the colon. The colon should be in column 18. The file names on the right side of the
colon should name the input files describing the toxic factors.
An example input and an output file are included in Appendices J and K, respectively.
MOBTOXSb input prompts have been modified to ask the user for only the input file name. The
model output is written to a file with the same name with a '.out' suffix.
MOBTOXSb General Description
There are primarily three areas where the model code has been changed, they are input, toxic
factor calculations, and model output.
Model input:
The subroutine gettx2.for has been modified to read in the three files for evaporative, toxic-TOG
corrections and off-cycle factors. These factors are then stored in a common block for use in
other subroutines.
Toxic factor calculations:
The hccalx.for subroutine was modified to estimate emissions for each of the five toxic emission
factors. The subroutine calls the exhaust emission calculation routine, bef.for, and evaporative
-------
emission calculation routines, ccevrt.for, rnglos.for, rstlos.for, and rlrate.for to calculate hot-soak
and diurnal emissions, running loss emissions, resting loss emissions and refueling emissions.
The subroutine bef.for calls the subroutine toxadj.for to apply the toxic-TOG curves and
offcyc.for to apply the offcycle corrections. The evaporative corrections are applied by a call to
the evpadj.for subroutine from hccalx.for for each of the evaporative components.
Model output:
Two output subroutines OUTDT3 and OUTDT4 have been modified to include the toxic
emission factors. A sample of the model output is attached. The output file contains all the toxic
factors included in the input. Emission factors for Benzene, Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, 1,3
Butadiene, and MTBE are contained in the model output. For Benzene and MTBE evaporative
and exhaust emission factors are included for each vehicle type.
-------
X6 I Added variables to store values for July Runs
BD38 FOR Added initializations for X6 Common Block
BD41 FOR Initializations for TOX variables
BEF FOR Added calls to TOXADJ and OFFCYC routines
CCEVRT FOR No Change
DAT01 I Contains Common block for TOX changes
DRIVER FOR Modified to automate Output file name
EVPADJ FOR Modified to do multiple Toxics
GETTX2 FOR Reads in Evap and Exhaust Tox factors and Offcycle factors; Sets up TOX and
Offcycle arrays.
HCCALX FOR Modified to handle multiple Toxic calculations
IM90 OFF Offcycle file used in Tox input file
LASTOUT FOR Writes out output header to the screen
NAMEOUT FOR Develops output file name
OFFCYC FOR Offcycle adjustments routine
ONESEC FOR Modified to run with only with NMHFLG=7 (File input)
OUTDT3 FOR Outputs multiple Toxic EFs
OUTDT4 FOR Outputs multiple toxic EFs
OUTTOX FOR Prints out Toxic/Off cycle factors used
PX90SB EVP Evap Toxic factor input file
PX96SB EXH Exhaust Toxic factor input file
SAVER FOR Saves output for Jul run
TOXADJ FOR Applies Toxic Emission corrections
VNAME I Header changes
ADJUST FOR Applies adjustments for JUL runs
-------
Appendix I
Fuel Parameters Used in Toxics Emissions Estimates
The following fuel parameters are included in this appendix:
1. 1990 Baseline
2. 1996 Baseline
3. 2007/2020 Baseline
4. 2007/2020 30 ppm Sulfur Rule
5. 2007/2020 1% Benzene Cap (Scenario 4)
6. 2007/2020 25% Toxics Reduction Performance Standard (Scenario 5)
7. 1996 Min/Max Specifications (Sensitivity Analysis)
-------
1990 Baseline Fuel Specifications
Area
Atlanta
Atlanta
Chicago
Chicago
Denver
Denver
Houston
Houston
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
New York
New York
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Phoenix
Spokane
Spokane
St. Louis
St. Louis
Western WA/OR - Win 95/96
Western WA/OR - Wn 95/96
Western WA/OR - Wn 96/97
Western WA/OR - Wn 96/97
Northern California
Northern California
Southern California
Southern California
ID/MT/WY
ID/MT/WY
UT/NM/NV
UT/NM/NV
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
Florida
Florida
Northeast-NoRFG
Northeast-NoRFG
Northeast-RFG
Northeast-RFG
OhioValley-NoRFG
OhioValley-NoRFG
OhioValley-RFG
OhioValley-RFG
Northern MI/WI
Northern MI/WI
West Texas
West Texas
Abbrev.
AT
AT
CH
CH
DN
DN
HS
HS
MN
MN
NY
NY
PA
PA
PX
PX
SP
SP
SL
SL
WA
WA
WB
WB
CN
CN
CS
CS
ID
ID
UT
UT
ND
ND
SE
SE
FL
FL
NN
NN
NR
NR
ON
ON
OR
OR
Ml
Ml
WT
WT
Year
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
Season
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Summer
Wnter
Scenario
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
RVP, psi Aromatics
8.5
12.5
8.7
13.7
8.3
12.1
8.3
12.8
9.5
13.2
8.3
13.3
8.4
13.9
8.1
10.9
8.6
13.1
8.8
13.2
9.4
12.9
9.4
12.9
8.3
12.4
8.2
11.3
9.3
13.0
8.7
13.0
8.8
13.3
8.6
12.3
9.2
12.2
8.8
13.5
8.8
13.5
9.7
14.1
9.7
14.1
9.4
14.0
8.0
11.7
27.9
26.2
28.8
23.0
24.8
19.3
30.2
23.0
29.8
24.9
31.9
26.4
29.2
23.5
33.0
26.4
21.0
19.2
28.9
22.0
29.0
30.9
29.0
30.9
29.9
29.9
29.1
29.8
24.6
22.5
23.7
23.5
26.6
21.0
28.8
25.6
31.6
26.0
29.7
26.5
29.7
26.5
26.8
24.9
26.8
24.9
27.1
24.5
28.6
27.2
Olefins Benzene %
10.5
14.4
8.6
9.1
12.2
12.8
10.9
14.4
8.3
9.3
13.9
16.7
13.7
13.2
5.9
5.6
8.0
10.3
8.9
11.4
10.0
8.2
10.0
8.2
11.5
9.6
7.6
8.6
9.9
13.7
11.0
13.5
9.6
10.8
12.8
16.9
9.0
17.7
13.7
17.3
13.7
17.3
10.5
11.1
10.5
11.1
8.5
9.6
9.6
14.6
1.16
1.49
1.35
1.69
1.41
1.23
1.36
1.22
1.69
1.86
1.08
1.55
0.86
1.63
2.15
1.88
1.36
1.58
1.11
1.71
2.34
2.47
2.34
2.47
2.17
2.14
2.12
1.81
1.98
1.71
1.97
2.13
1.50
1.29
1.62
1.47
1.40
1.25
1.77
1.42
1.77
1.42
1.59
1.56
1.59
1.56
1.57
1.36
1.83
1.75
Sulfur
344
267
512
450
375
272
375
454
422
701
367
274
371
206
123
157
739
698
372
319
449
314
449
314
104
135
172
205
565
681
235
159
328
307
363
328
363
372
332
343
332
343
383
333
383
333
363
352
289
362
E200 %
40.7
49.1
47.2
54.4
45.1
62.0
46.7
52.4
45.9
56.0
43.1
49.5
43.6
50.5
41.1
56.5
46.6
51.1
45.2
54.0
43.5
49.7
43.5
49.7
41.8
49.3
40.8
45.9
47.5
53.6
44.6
56.3
47.4
55.3
43.0
50.0
44.1
48.9
42.5
51.6
42.5
51.6
46.8
55.6
46.8
55.6
49.2
55.8
45.3
49.2
E300 % MTBE % ETBE % EtOH % TAME % Oxygen wt
79.0
82.4
78.6
82.6
79.4
85.5
79.4
80.2
78.9
81.6
78.8
81.8
79.0
82.9
78.5
82.9
82.6
84.9
78.9
82.7
81.0
83.7
81.0
83.7
82.2
84.3
80.8
82.6
84.1
86.5
82.8
87.4
81.3
84.6
79.5
81.6
79.2
80.3
80.4
82.9
80.4
82.9
80.3
82.6
80.3
82.6
80.8
83.4
81.4
82.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.5
1.8
0.5
0.0
0.5
2.8
0.5
0.2
0.5
1.3
0.0
0.7
0.8
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.9
1.3
0.9
2.5
5.4
2.4
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.06
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.08
0.32
0.08
0.00
0.08
0.50
0.08
0.04
0.09
0.22
2.70
0.64
0.70
0.27
0.22
0.27
0.21
0.19
0.22
0.19
0.22
0.93
0.84
0.93
0.84
1.06
1.62
0.43
0.93
-------
1996 Baseline Fuel Specifications
Area
Atlanta
Atlanta
Chicago
Chicago
Denver
Denver
Houston
Houston
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
New York
New York
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Phoenix
Spokane
Spokane
St. Louis
St. Louis
Western WA/OR - Win 95/96
Western WA/OR - Win 95/96
Western WA/OR - Win 96/97
Western WA/OR - Win 96/97
Northern California
Northern California
Southern California
Southern California
ID/MT/WY
ID/MT/WY
UT/NM/NV
UT/NM/NV
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
Florida
Florida
Northeast-NoRFG
Northeast-NoRFG
Northeast-RFG
Northeast-RFG
Ohio Valley-NoRFG
Ohio Valley-NoRFG
Ohio Valley-RFG
Ohio Valley-RFG
Northern MI/WI
Northern MI/WI
West Texas
West Texas
Abbrev.
AT
AT
CH
CH
DN
DN
HS
HS
MN
MN
NY
NY
PA
PA
PX
PX
SP
SP
SL
SL
WA
WA
WB
WB
CN
CN
CS
CS
ID
ID
UT
UT
ND
ND
SE
SE
FL
FL
NN
NN
NR
NR
ON
ON
OR
OR
Ml
Ml
WT
WT
Year
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
Season
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Scenario
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
RVP. psi Aromatics
7.2
12.4
7.9
14.0
8.8
13.6
7.1
12.8
9.6
14.9
8.0
13.2
7.9
13.5
6.8
8.7
8.7
14.8
6.8
13.6
8.0
13.6
8.0
13.4
6.9
10.5
7.0
10.6
8.5
13.5
8.0
14.4
8.3
13.4
7.7
12.2
7.6
12.1
8.6
13.2
7.9
12.5
8.7
14.1
7.8
12.9
8.5
14.0
8.0
11.8
32.1
24.8
26.0
22.4
27.1
21.9
27.4
21.1
28.2
23.4
28.6
23.3
29.0
25.4
36.1
34.3
28.5
18.6
29.9
23.8
35.7
27.5
35.7
29.4
24.4
20.1
20.7
17.7
28.3
22.8
30.7
20.4
29.0
22.4
30.7
24.5
33.6
24.6
28.1
23.8
24.7
19.7
30.2
25.5
27.3
18.9
28.4
25.3
30.1
25.8
Olefins Benzene %
11.2
13.0
9.7
7.8
8.8
9.2
13.0
12.8
7.3
5.3
17.1
16.6
12.3
10.2
6.8
7.1
8.3
6.9
12.0
11.4
6.7
6.3
6.7
5.8
3.5
2.1
4.3
3.5
8.1
6.4
10.6
8.3
8.0
6.8
13.2
13.0
10.1
12.8
12.4
16.2
11.7
9.6
10.4
8.8
8.1
8.8
9.1
8.4
9.7
8.1
0.87
0.77
0.96
0.80
1.33
0.94
0.71
0.70
1.81
1.65
0.51
0.47
0.80
0.63
1.07
1.40
1.32
0.97
0.70
0.89
2.17
1.81
2.17
1.81
0.56
0.52
0.52
0.57
1.64
1.40
1.75
1.14
1.33
1.12
0.84
0.81
0.79
0.82
1.03
0.73
0.65
0.66
1.24
1.04
0.99
0.97
1.32
1.46
1.48
1.21
Sulfur
343
447
492
523
296
350
261
224
121
70
231
267
367
337
118
216
412
350
492
535
256
342
256
345
26
30
10
31
318
252
207
106
229
224
349
271
280
289
308
222
234
265
334
310
300
355
277
206
263
361
E200 %
36.9
51.2
50.2
58.0
50.1
62.1
47.8
59.9
59.4
62.3
49.8
57.5
51.2
59.3
45.7
50.2
45.0
59.8
39.0
52.7
44.0
58.8
44.0
52.7
49.3
54.4
51.0
56.3
46.8
53.7
45.2
72.2
45.4
56.0
38.8
50.5
40.3
50.5
43.2
52.2
50.5
59.1
45.3
54.0
45.5
59.4
49.0
57.6
41.5
47.3
E300 % MTBE % ETBE % EtOH % TAME % Oxygen wt
79.8
82.7
80.8
83.9
83.1
88.1
79.8
83.8
84.6
89.1
81.5
85.7
81.8
85.9
76.2
82.6
81.4
87.1
78.8
82.6
82.4
84.5
82.4
84.0
89.9
90.8
86.8
88.6
84.6
84.6
83.6
85.2
81.8
85.0
78.1
82.3
79.4
82.7
80.7
83.3
82.4
87.0
80.3
82.6
81.1
88.4
80.9
83.1
81.6
83.7
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.8
7.9
0.0
0.0
10.6
14.5
11.3
8.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
9.1
10.5
11.0
11.6
0.5
0.5
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
1.5
0.8
10.9
10.5
0.9
0.4
9.5
10.0
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
9.0
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
9.4
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.2
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.3
1.7
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.2
0.0
0.0
2.8
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.13
0.06
3.12
3.11
0.00
2.91
1.74
1.41
3.24
2.77
1.89
2.58
2.01
1.58
0.14
3.53
0.00
3.21
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.49
0.02
0.44
1.63
1.87
1.96
2.08
0.09
0.09
0.20
3.54
0.59
0.68
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.27
0.14
1.94
1.87
0.68
0.48
1.69
1.79
1.04
0.85
0.03
0.00
-------
2007/2020 Baseline Fuel Specifications
Area
Atlanta
Atlanta
Chicago
Chicago
Denver
Denver
Houston
Houston
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
New York
New York
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Phoenix
Spokane
Spokane
St. Louis
St. Louis
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Northern California
Northern California
Southern California
Southern California
Idaho/Montana/Wyoming
Idaho/Montana/Wyoming
Utah/New Mexico/Nevada
Utah/New Mexico/Nevada
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
Florida
Florida
Northeastern states - non RFC
Northeastern states - non RFC
Northeastern states- with RFC
Northeastern states- with RFC
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Ohio Valley - with RFC
Ohio Valley - with RFC
Northern MI/WI/MN
Northern MI/WI/MN
West Texas
West Texas
Abbrev. Year
AT
AT
CH
CH
DN
DN
HS
HS
MN
MN
NY
NY
PA
PA
PX
PX
SP
SP
SL
SL
WA
WA
WB
WB
CN
CN
CS
CS
ID
ID
UT
UT
ND
ND
SE
SE
FL
FL
NN
NN
NR
NR
ON
ON
OR
OR
Ml
Ml
WT
WT
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
Season
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Scenario
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline
RVP, psi Aromatic
7.0
12.4
6.6
14.0
8.8
13.6
6.7
12.8
9.6
14.9
6.8
13.2
6.7
13.5
6.8
10.6
8.7
14.8
6.4
13.6
8.0
13.5
8.0
13.5
6.8
10.5
6.8
10.6
8.5
13.5
8.0
14.4
8.3
13.4
7.7
12.2
7.6
12.1
8.6
13.2
6.7
12.5
8.7
14.1
6.5
12.9
8.5
14.0
8.0
11.8
32.1
24.8
21.0
19.1
27.1
21.9
23.4
21.4
28.2
23.4
22.4
20.9
21.8
22.7
20.0
17.7
28.5
18.5
25.1
22.4
35.7
28.5
35.7
28.5
20.0
20.1
20.0
17.7
28.3
22.8
30.7
20.4
29.0
22.4
30.7
24.5
33.6
24.6
28.1
23.8
20.9
19.7
30.2
25.5
23.6
18.9
28.4
25.3
30.1
25.8
Olefins Benzene
11.2
13.0
6.2
5.8
8.8
9.2
9.6
10.0
7.3
5.3
11.9
11.7
10.3
10.5
3.9
3.5
8.3
6.9
11.2
9.9
6.7
6.1
6.7
6.1
3.9
2.1
3.9
3.5
8.1
6.4
10.6
8.3
8.0
6.8
13.2
13.0
10.1
12.8
12.4
16.2
10.9
9.6
10.4
8.8
7.6
8.8
9.1
8.4
9.7
8.1
0.87
0.77
0.93
0.80
1.33
0.94
0.78
0.67
1.81
1.65
0.59
0.53
0.65
0.62
0.55
0.57
1.32
0.96
0.72
0.89
2.17
1.81
2.17
1.81
0.55
0.52
0.55
0.57
1.64
1.40
1.75
1.14
1.33
1.12
0.84
0.81
0.79
0.82
1.03
0.73
0.67
0.66
1.24
1.04
1.02
0.97
1.32
1.46
1.48
1.21
Sulfur
150
447
150
268
296
350
145
209
121
70
115
191
135
165
20
31
412
346
145
300
256
343
256
343
20
30
20
31
318
252
207
106
229
224
349
271
280
289
308
222
135
265
334
310
115
355
277
206
263
361
E200 %
36.9
51.2
52.9
59.6
50.1
62.1
50.3
56.0
59.4
62.3
51.6
57.6
52.9
55.9
51.0
56.3
45.0
60.2
45.0
52.5
44.0
55.8
44.0
55.8
51.0
54.4
51.0
56.3
46.8
53.7
45.2
72.2
45.4
56.0
38.8
50.5
40.3
50.5
43.2
52.2
52.6
59.1
45.3
54.0
47.3
59.4
49.0
57.6
41.5
47.3
E300 % MTBE % ETBE %
79.8
82.7
82.9
84.6
83.1
88.1
82.7
83.7
84.6
89.1
84.1
85.3
84.3
84.9
89.0
88.6
81.4
87.2
79.9
84.7
82.4
84.2
82.4
84.2
89.0
90.8
89.0
88.6
84.6
84.6
83.6
85.2
81.8
85.0
78.1
82.3
79.4
82.7
80.7
83.3
83.5
87.0
80.3
82.6
82.2
88.4
80.9
83.1
81.6
83.7
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.2
10.6
0.0
0.0
11.2
14.6
11.8
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
1.7
0.6
11.2
10.6
1.1
0.6
9.5
10.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
EtOH% TAME% Oxygen
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.7
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
9.6
8.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
6.1
10.2
0.0
10.2
0.0
6.1
0.0
2.9
0.0
2.9
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.4
1.7
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.10
0.10
2.10
3.70
0.00
2.90
2.00
1.90
3.30
2.80
2.00
2.70
2.10
2.00
2.10
3.50
0.00
3.50
2.10
2.10
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
0.10
0.10
0.20
3.60
0.60
0.70
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.30
0.10
2.00
1.90
0.70
0.50
1.70
1.80
1.10
0.80
0.00
0.00
-------
1996 Minimum-Maximum Fuel Specifications for Sensitivity Analysis
Area
Cleveland
Cleveland
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Seattle
Seattle
Abbrev. Year
CL
CL
MN
MN
PA
PA
SE
SE
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
Producer
BP
Super Amer.
Amoco
Mobil
Mobil
Exxon
Exxon
BP
Grade
Regular Unl.
Regular Unl.
Premium Unl.
Premium Unl.
Regular Unl.
Regular Unl.
Premium Unl.
Premium Unl.
Season
Summer
Summer
Summer
Summer
Summer
Summer
Summer
Summer
Scenario
MaxS
MinS
Max Aro
Min Aro
Max Ole
Min Ole
Max Bnz
Min Bnz
RVP, ps I Aromatics
8.6
8.5
9.2
9.7
7.6
8.0
8.2
9.3
31.4
27.8
35.1
5.2
25.8
24.3
55.6
36.9
Olefins Benzene %
10.4
11.5
5.1
10.9
22.8
7.0
6.9
3.1
1.70
1.50
1.50
0.30
0.50
0.60
4.20
1.40
Sulfur
820
80
40
40
210
150
10
240
E200 %
44.0
39.1
38.6
60.2
50.4
55.8
33.3
37.2
E300 % MTBE % ETBE % EtOH % TAME % Oxvaen wt
82.2
78.3
86.0
92.3
81.3
82.7
87.5
81.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.0
11.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.8
9.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.00
3.38
3.24
2.14
2.07
0.00
3.24
T50
212
222
223
179
199
188
234
226
T90
333
351
316
287
337
331
309
337
-------
2007/2020 30 ppm Sulfur Fuel Specifications
Area
Atlanta
Atlanta
Chicago
Chicago
Denver
Denver
Houston
Houston
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
New York
New York
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Phoenix
Spokane
Spokane
St. Louis
St. Louis
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Northern California
Northern California
Southern California
Southern California
Idaho/Montana/Wyoming
Idaho/Montana/Wyoming
Utah/New Mexico/Nevada
Utah/New Mexico/Nevada
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
AR/MS/AL/SC/Northern LA
Florida
Florida
Northeastern states - non RFC
Northeastern states - non RFC
Northeastern states- with RFC
Northeastern states- with RFC
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Ohio Valley - with RFC
Ohio Valley - with RFC
Northern MI/WI/MN
Northern MI/WI/MN
West Texas
West Texas
Abbrev. Year
AT
AT
CH
CH
DN
DN
HS
HS
MN
MN
NY
NY
PA
PA
PX
PX
SP
SP
SL
SL
WA
WA
WB
WB
CN
CN
CS
CS
ID
ID
UT
UT
ND
ND
SE
SE
FL
FL
NN
NN
NR
NR
ON
ON
OR
OR
Ml
Ml
WT
WT
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
Season
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Scenario
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
30 ppm
RVP, psi Aromatic
7.0
12.4
6.6
14.0
8.8
13.6
6.7
12.8
9.6
14.9
6.8
13.2
6.7
13.5
7.0
10.6
8.7
14.8
6.4
13.6
8.0
13.5
8.0
13.5
7.0
10.5
7.0
10.6
8.5
13.5
8.0
14.4
8.3
13.4
7.7
12.2
7.6
12.1
8.6
13.2
6.7
12.5
8.7
14.1
6.5
12.9
8.5
14.0
8.0
11.8
30.9
24.0
24.1
17.6
26.1
21.2
26.8
19.7
27.2
22.7
25.8
19.3
25.0
21.0
22.0
17.7
27.5
17.9
28.8
20.7
34.5
27.6
34.5
27.6
22.0
20.1
22.0
17.7
27.3
22.1
29.6
19.8
28.0
21.7
29.6
23.7
32.4
23.8
27.1
23.1
24.0
18.2
29.1
24.7
27.1
17.4
27.4
24.5
29.1
24.9
Olefins Benzene
8.9
11.4
6.2
2.9
7.0
8.0
9.7
5.0
5.8
4.7
11.9
5.8
10.3
5.2
4.0
3.5
6.6
6.0
11.3
4.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.0
2.1
4.0
3.5
6.5
5.6
8.5
7.2
6.4
6.0
10.5
11.3
8.1
11.2
9.9
14.1
11.0
4.8
8.3
7.7
7.6
4.4
7.3
7.3
7.8
7.1
0.87
0.77
0.93
0.80
1.33
0.94
0.78
0.67
1.81
1.65
0.59
0.53
0.65
0.62
0.80
0.57
1.32
0.96
0.72
0.89
2.17
1.81
2.17
1.81
0.80
0.52
0.80
0.57
1.64
1.40
1.75
1.14
1.33
1.12
0.84
0.81
0.79
0.82
1.03
0.73
0.67
0.66
1.24
1.04
1.02
0.97
1.32
1.46
1.48
1.21
Sulfur
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
E200 %
38.1
50.8
51.2
60.1
51.3
61.7
48.5
56.5
60.6
61.9
49.9
58.1
51.1
56.5
50.0
56.3
46.2
59.8
45.0
52.5
45.2
55.4
45.2
55.4
50.0
54.4
50.0
56.3
48.0
53.3
46.4
71.7
46.6
55.6
40.0
50.1
41.5
50.1
44.4
51.8
50.8
59.6
46.5
53.6
45.6
59.9
50.2
57.2
42.7
46.8
E300% MTBE% ETBE % EtOH % TAME % Oxygen
80.2
82.7
82.7
87.3
83.5
88.1
82.5
86.4
85.1
89.1
83.8
88.0
84.1
87.6
92.0
88.6
81.8
87.2
79.6
84.7
82.8
84.2
82.8
84.2
92.0
90.8
92.0
88.6
85.0
84.6
84.0
85.2
82.2
85.0
78.5
82.3
79.8
82.7
81.1
83.3
83.2
89.7
80.7
82.6
81.9
91.1
81.3
83.1
82.0
83.7
1.7
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.2
10.6
0.0
0.0
11.2
14.6
11.8
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.6
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.1
0.6
1.1
0.6
3.4
0.6
11.2
10.6
1.7
0.6
9.5
10.1
1.1
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.7
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
9.6
8.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
6.1
10.2
0.0
10.2
0.0
6.1
0.0
2.9
0.0
2.9
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.4
3.5
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
1.2
0.0
0.0
5.8
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.30
0.10
2.10
3.70
0.00
2.90
2.00
1.90
3.30
2.80
2.00
2.70
2.10
2.00
2.10
3.50
0.00
3.50
2.10
2.10
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
0.20
0.10
0.40
3.60
1.20
0.70
0.20
0.10
0.20
0.10
0.60
0.10
2.00
1.90
1.30
0.50
1.70
1.80
2.20
0.80
0.10
0.00
-------
2007/2020 Benzene Cap Fuel Specifications
Area
Atlanta
Atlanta
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Northern MI/WI/MN
Northern MI/WI/MN
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Northeastern states - non RFG
Northeastern states - non RFG
Abbrev. Year
AT
AT
MN
MN
WA
WA
Ml
Ml
ND
ND
ON
ON
NN
NN
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
Season
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Scenario RVP. psi Aromatic
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
1 pet benzene
7.0
12.4
9.6
14.9
8.0
13.5
8.5
14.0
8.3
13.4
8.7
14.1
8.6
13.2
30.9
24.0
27.2
22.7
34.5
27.6
27.4
24.5
28.0
21.7
29.1
24.7
27.1
23.1
Olefins Benzene
8.9
11.4
5.8
4.7
5.3
5.3
7.3
7.3
6.4
6.0
8.3
7.7
9.9
14.1
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
Sulfur
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
E200 %
38.1
50.8
60.6
61.9
45.2
55.4
50.2
57.2
46.6
55.6
46.5
53.6
44.4
51.8
E300 % MTBE % ETBE % EtOH % TAME % Oxygen
80.2
82.7
85.1
89.1
82.8
84.2
81.3
83.1
82.2
85.0
80.7
82.6
81.1
83.3
1.7
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.7
0.6
3.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.6
8.1
0.0
2.9
5.8
2.3
3.5
1.7
2.9
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.30
0.10
3.30
2.80
0.00
1.00
2.20
0.80
1.20
0.70
1.30
0.50
0.60
0.10
-------
2007/2020 25% Toxics Reduction Performance Standard Fuel Specifications
Area
Atlanta
Atlanta
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Western Washington/Oregon
Western Washington/Oregon
Northern MI/WI/MN
Northern MI/WI/MN
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
ND/SD/NE/IA/KS/Western MO
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Ohio Valley - non-RFG
Northeastern states - non RFG
Northeastern states - non RFG
Abbrev. Year
AT 2007
AT
MN
MN
WA
WA
Ml
Ml
ND
ND
ON
ON
NN
NN
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
Season
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Scenario RVP. psi Aromatic
RFG Pert Std 7.0 28.0
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
RFG Pert Std
12.4
9.6
14.9
8.0
13.5
8.5
14.0
8.3
13.4
8.7
14.1
8.6
13.2
20.0
27.2
22.7
28.0
24.0
27.4
24.0
28.0
21.7
28.0
22.0
27.2
20.0
Olefins Benzene
8.9 0.80
11.4
5.8
4.7
5.3
5.3
7.3
7.4
6.4
6.0
8.3
7.7
9.9
14.1
0.60
0.95
0.90
0.75
0.60
0.95
0.60
0.85
0.75
0.85
0.60
0.80
0.60
Sulfur
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
E200 %
38.1
50.8
60.6
61.9
45.2
55.4
50.2
57.2
46.6
55.6
46.5
53.6
44.4
58.0
E300 % MTBE % ETBE % EtOH % TAME % Oxygen
81.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.30
83.9
85.1
89.1
86.0
85.3
81.3
83.3
82.2
85.0
81.2
83.4
81.1
85.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.7
0.6
3.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.6
8.1
0.0
2.9
5.8
2.3
3.5
1.7
2.9
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.10
3.30
2.80
0.00
1.00
2.20
0.80
1.20
0.70
1.30
0.50
0.60
0.10
-------
Appendix J
Development of Fuel Specification Estimates
-------
APPENDIX
2007/2020 Fuels Modeling Scenarios
I. Baseline and Low Sulfur Fuels
A. Conventional gasoline areas:
1. The 1996 values become the 2007/2020 baseline (no sulfur controls) values:
2. The baseline numbers are adjusted by a multiplicative or additive factor to
estimate the 30 ppm values.
The factors below were derived from information in a February 26, 1999 Mathpro
report to API investigating the costs of meeting a 40 ppm sulfur standard. The
methodology for deriving the factors was to look at estimated reference (no sulfur
standard) case properties and estimated 40 ppm properties (average of two
desulfurization technologies). Linear relationship was assumed between sulfur changes
and other property changes, and 30 ppm properties were estimated from these
relationships. The multiplicative factors are the 30 ppm property values divided by the
reference property values, and the additive factors are the 30 ppm values - the basecase
values. E200 and E300 are additive, others are multiplicative. The adjustment factors
used for conventional gasoline and for RFG (discussed later) are shown below:
Adjustment factors SOppm
conv
summer
RVP
Oxygen
Aromatics
Benzene
Olefins
Sulfur n/a
E200
E300
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
.00
.03
.96
.00
.80
.19
.41
conv
winter
1.00
1.00
0.97
1.00
0.87
n/a
-0.41
0.00
RFG
RFG
summer winter
1
1
1
1
1
n/a
-1
.00
.00
.15
.00
.01
n/a
.77
-0.27
1.
1.
0.
1.
0.
0.
2
.00
.00
.92
.00
.50
.52
.72
multiplicative
multiplicative
multiplicative
multiplicative
multiplicative
additive
additive
Multiplicative factor = 30 ppm case/basecase
Additive factor = 30 ppm case - basecase
-------
For RFG, the process becomes more complicated. Between 1996 and 2007/2020
there is a transition from Phase I simple model to Phase I complex model in 1998, and a
transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2 complex model in 2000. The status of the oxygenate
mandate, and the use of MTBE is also uncertain. (Although the oxygen situation may
well change, these projections assume that theoxygen mandate will remain in place and
that MTBE usage will remain constant between 1998 and 2007/2020.)
Bl. Federal RFG Summer:
For individual RFG cities, 1998 summer RFG survey results, rather than 1996
AAMA results were used for projections. In other cases (e.g. Northeastern States with
RFG), the 1996 data were used.
To get the 2007/2020 basecase, the summer values were adjusted to meet Phase II
RFG performance standards
RVP was lowered until the VOC standard was met and/or 6.4 psi
(complex model limit) was hit.
Sulfur was initially assumed 150 ppm, and was lowered, if necessary, to
meet the NOx performance standard.
Other properties are likely to change as a result of the transition from Phase I to
Phase II RFG. The following methodology was used to estimate the 2007/2020 values
for the properties other than RVP and sulfur:
1. National average values for Phase I RFG were estimated from 1998 RFG
Survey data. (1998 is the first year that this survey measured all complex model
properties):
RFG I
Summer-natl
Oxygen 2.2
Aromatics 26
Benzene 0.68
Olefins 10.3
E200 49.4
E300 82.7
2. The Mathpro RFG II reference case sulfur for summer RFG was 180 ppm.
Since we are assuming 150 ppm or lower in each RFG area for the baseline,
adjusted sets of Mathpro reference properties values at 150 and lower (e.g. 145,
140, etc) were calculated by using linear relationships between the 180 ppm and
-------
the 40 ppm properties. (While there is no strong technical basis for assuming that
other reference case properties will shift in this manner as a function of sulfur
level, if the assumption is incorrect the effect on the calculations is small.)
3. Multiplicative or additive adjustment factors were calculated to apply to the
1998 or 1996 city or area-specific Phase I properties (other than RVP and
Sulfur) to transform them to 2007/2020 Phase II baseline values. The
multiplicative adjustment factors are the Mathpro reference values for each
property, adjusted for sulfur in step 2, divided by the 1998 RFG survey national
averages. The additive adjustment factors are the reference property values
minus the 1998 survey national average values. Again E200 and E300 are
additive, others are multiplicative consistent with the 30 ppm adjustments. The
specific set of factors to use, are determined by the sulfur level needed to bring
NOx performance to standard. The current to 2007/2020 baseline adjustment
factors for summer RFG are shown below:
sulfur 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150
multi. Oxygen 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
multi. Aromatics 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.84 0.84
multi. Benzene 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03
multi. Olefins 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93
add E200 1.83 1.89 1.95 2.01 2.07 2.13 2.19 2.25
add E300 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15
4. The 30 ppm adjustment factors for summer RFG, shown in the first table (see
conventional gasoline areas) were applied to the 2007/2020 baselines to estimate
the 2007/2020 30 ppm cases.
B2. Winter RFG:
Since 1998 Phase 1 winter RFG generally met Phase 2 standards for toxics and
NOx performance, it was assumed for most areas that the 2007/2020 baseline winter
RFG would be identical to Phase I RFG, and unadjusted survey results were used for
these estimates.
The 30 ppm adjustment factors for winter RFG, shown in the first table, were
applied to the 2007/2020 baselines to estimate the 2007/2020 30 ppm cases.
Special cases:
It is known that California will not use MTBE in 2007/2020. Also, property values for
California gasoline are more tightly constrained than Federal RFG properties, so there is
-------
likely to be less area to area and year to year variation. For Northern and Southern
California, it was assumed that the 2007/2020 baseline summer gasoline would look like
the average California reformulated gasoline seen in the 1996 API surveys, but with
ethanol at 2.1% oxygen weight as the oxygenate. Winter gasoline was assumed to look
like the NIPER survey gasoline, but with ethanol as the oxygenate. The current average
sulfur levels are less than 30 ppm. For the 30 ppm case, it was assumed that the summer
gasoline values would be the current "average limit" property specifications, which
include a 30 ppm sulfur specification. Winter 30 ppm properties were assumed to be the
same as winter 2007/2020 baseline properties.
It was assumed that RFG areas using ethanol in Phase I would use ETBE during the
summer for Phase II, and ethanol during the winter.
Phoenix summer gasoline was assumed to be like Southern California gasoline, but with
winter oxygen at 3.5% from ethanol.
No data are available yet for St. Louis complex model RFG, and the 1996 data are for
conventional gasoline. Estimating 2007/2020 baseline values involved more guesswork
The 1996 data were projected to the 2007/2020 baseline as if they were RFG data, and
sulfur, rvp and E200 were adjusted to meet VOC, toxics and NOx performance
requirements.
II. Benzene Control Scenario
For those areas selected for modeling of a benzene control scenario, it was assumed that
benzene would change from the level in the 30 ppm sulfur case to 0.95 volume percent (the
averaged standard for RFG) and that other parameters be identical to those projected for the 30
ppm sulfur case. This resulted in a fuel benzene decrease for all areas except Atlanta.
III. Toxics Performance Standard:
For selected areas, fuel property projections were made in order to model a 25%
toxics performance standard. A fuel meeting this standard must provide a 25% or better toxics
emission reduction from statutory baseline fuel emissions as calculated by the Phase II complex
model. The starting point for these projections were the 30 ppm sulfur fuel projections, and the
fuel property changes necessary to achieve the required performance standard were estimated as
follows:
Summer fuel property projections for a toxics performance standard strategy were
based on cost estimates for individual parameter changes contained in the RFG regulatory
impact analysis supplemented, for benzene, with information from a WSPA study of
CARB Phase 2 Gasoline. (E.G. reducing aromatics content from 28 to 24 vol. % would
have a cost of 0.305 cents per gallon per unit reduction) Fuel property interrelationship
factors, also in the RIA were used to estimate changes in other "uncontrolled" properties
-------
which would change as a result of a change in the "controlled" parameter. (E.G. the
change in E300 resulting from this change in aromatics). The average cost associated
with an individual property change divided by the complex model toxics reduction
associated with the change was used to calculate the cost effectiveness of each toxics
reduction strategy, and the strategies were ranked by cost-effectiveness.
Parameter change strategies were applied sequentially and cumulatively to the
30ppm fuel for each of the areas selected for control option modeling and calculated
complex model results at each stage. The hierarchy of parameter change strategies and
cost per unit change in the parameter used for summer and winter were :
Property change Cost/unit change
Summer cents per gal.
Bz down to 0.95 1.024
Aro down to 28 0.066
Bz 0.95-0.8 2.275
Bz 0.80-0.60 3.413
RVP down to 7.3 0.412
Aro 28-24 0.305
RVP 7.3-7.1 0.416
Aro 24-20 0.367
RVP 7.1-6.5 0.427
-------
Property change Cost/unit change
Winter cents per gal.
Bz down to 0.95 1.024
Bz 0.95 0.8 2.275
Bz 0.8-0.6 3.413
Aro down to 24 0.305
Aro 24-20 0.367
E200 50-58 0.125
E200 58-61 0.439
E200 61-64 0.989
The effect of each strategy on each areas's fuel varies. For example, if the starting
point fuel in a given area had less than 0.95 volume percent benzene, the first parameter
change strategy, benzene reduction to 0.95 percent would have no effect on the fuel
properties, hence no effect on performance or cost.
-------
Appendix K
Sample Toxic-TOG "Curves" for
2007 Phoenix Summertime Fuel
-------
IV
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
MYA
1965
1975
1976
1978
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1965
1975
1976
1977
1979
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
MYB
1974
1975
1977
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2050
1974
1975
1976
1978
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
TOG-N
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.637
.625
.625
.636
.641
.638
.609
.567
.555
.532
.511
.517
.496
.431
.364
.331
.331
.331
.331
.331
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.635
.635
.633
.624
.590
.570
.645
.617
.650
.620
.592
.559
TOG-H
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
BZ-N
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
12.
12.
13 .
13 .
13 .
12.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
8.
7.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
10.
10.
11.
11.
10.
10.
12.
12.
13 .
12.
12.
11.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.55
.25
.45
.14
.10
.20
.67
.92
.60
.10
.67
.72
.30
.72
.15
.36
.36
.36
.36
.36
.61
.61
.61
.61
.61
.61
.61
.61
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.82
.88
.06
.24
.88
.80
.82
.85
.54
.94
.43
.71
BZ-H
165.
168.
169.
169.
169.
102.
100.
104.
113 .
112.
115.
115.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
165.
168.
168.
168.
168.
69.
70.
74.
81.
86.
92.
103 .
113 .
115.
115.
116.
115.
.34
.92
.15
.37
.60
.78
.68
.54
.40
.54
.02
.35
.16
.02
.11
.16
.02
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.34
.48
.92
.70
.92
.34
.40
.83
.49
.21
.59
.59
.78
.49
.54
.11
.51
AC-N
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4.
4.
4.
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
4.
4.
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
2.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.23
.32
.07
.54
.64
.39
.32
.07
.01
.95
.90
.91
.88
.45
.01
.79
.79
.79
.79
.79
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.49
.44
.10
.58
.00
.51
.09
.27
.17
.09
.02
.95
AC-H
95.
101.
102.
102.
103 .
29.
30.
29.
26.
26.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
95.
101.
101.
101.
101.
41.
41.
39.
37.
35.
33 .
29.
26.
25.
25.
25.
25.
.77
.91
.29
.67
.06
.83
.56
.21
.13
.43
.56
.45
.17
.22
.18
.17
.21
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.77
.14
.91
.52
.91
.36
.10
.46
.24
.60
.37
.54
.00
.40
.38
.18
.38
FR-N
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3 .
3 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
11.
10.
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.71
.89
.42
.39
.59
.29
.06
.73
.66
.54
.40
.46
.30
.66
.00
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.68
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.17
.95
.40
.32
.28
.34
.86
.36
.40
.21
.94
.80
FR-H
225.
186.
183 .
181.
178.
45.
47.
44.
37.
38.
36.
36.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
225.
190.
186.
188.
186.
71.
69.
66.
61.
58.
53 .
45.
37.
36.
36.
35.
36.
.12
.03
.59
.15
.70
.79
.34
.48
.92
.56
.73
.48
.88
.98
.91
.88
.98
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.12
.92
.03
.47
.03
.10
.76
.96
.55
.06
.33
.19
.64
.37
.36
.91
.45
BD-N
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.83
.84
.81
.74
.76
.75
.70
.63
.59
.54
.50
.50
.45
.23
.00
.89
.89
.89
.89
.89
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.36
.23
.26
.06
.91
.81
.93
.77
.83
.77
.70
.64
BD-H
93
47
44
41
38
24
23
25
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
93
52
47
50
47
15
14
16
18
19
21
24
27
28
28
28
28
.50
.16
.26
.36
.47
.59
.97
.12
.77
.51
.25
.35
.59
.55
.58
.59
.55
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.50
.95
.16
.05
.16
.31
.91
.86
.23
.64
.55
.83
.88
.39
.43
.58
.51
MT-N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
MT-H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
TF-N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.51
.50
.49
.47
.48
.47
.44
.41
.40
.39
.37
.38
.36
.31
.25
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.61
.61
.59
.56
.52
.48
.52
.46
.48
.46
.44
.41
TF-H
9
9
9
9
9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
9
9
9
9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.46
.67
.68
.69
.71
.60
.62
.58
.50
.51
.48
.48
.47
.48
.47
.47
.48
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.46
.64
.67
.66
.67
.91
.91
.86
.80
.76
.70
.59
.50
.48
.48
.47
.48
-------
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1965
1979
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1968
1982
1987
1988
1990
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2050
1978
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2050
1981
1986
1987
1989
1995
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.553
.477
.404
.371
.368
.365
.362
.359
.134
.134
.134
.134
.134
.134
.134
.134
.000
.000
.635
.635
.633
.624
.590
.570
.645
.617
.650
.620
.592
.559
.553
.552
.553
.466
.368
.365
.362
.359
.356
.356
.356
.356
.356
.356
.356
.356
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.00
.00
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
11.
9.
8.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
10.
10.
11.
11.
10.
10.
12.
12.
13 .
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
9.
7.
7.
7.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.61
.79
.03
.24
.16
.08
.00
.92
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.00
.00
.82
.88
.06
.24
.88
.80
.82
.85
.54
.94
.43
.71
.61
.55
.56
.47
.16
.08
.00
.92
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
165.
169.
69.
70.
74.
81.
86.
92.
103 .
113 .
115.
115.
116.
115.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
165.
172.
207.
220.
294.
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.34
.82
.34
.40
.83
.49
.21
.59
.59
.78
.49
.54
.11
.51
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.34
.29
.02
.92
.56
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
4.
4.
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.91
.47
.03
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.00
.00
.49
.44
.10
.58
.00
.51
.09
.27
.17
.09
.02
.95
.91
.91
.91
.37
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
95.
103 .
41.
41.
39.
37.
35.
33 .
29.
26.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
106.
106.
103 .
102.
95.
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.77
.44
.36
.10
.46
.24
.60
.37
.54
.00
.40
.38
.18
.38
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.94
.33
.25
.02
.50
4.
3 .
3 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
11.
10.
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.68
.96
.25
.93
.91
.89
.87
.85
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.17
.95
.40
.32
.28
.34
.86
.36
.40
.21
.94
.80
.68
.67
.68
.83
.91
.89
.87
.85
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
225.
176.
71.
69.
66.
61.
58.
53 .
45.
37.
36.
36.
35.
36.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
348.
339.
292.
273 .
174.
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.12
.26
.10
.76
.96
.55
.06
.33
.19
.64
.37
.36
.91
.45
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.73
.36
.49
.74
.38
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.61
.36
.11
.00
.99
.98
.97
.96
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.00
.00
.36
.23
.26
.06
.91
.81
.93
.77
.83
.77
.70
.64
.61
.60
.60
.31
.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
93
35
15
14
16
18
19
21
24
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
75
72
59
54
27
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.50
.57
.31
.91
.86
.23
.64
.55
.83
.88
.39
.43
.58
.51
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.21
.65
.83
.71
.54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.41
.34
.28
.26
.25
.25
.25
.25
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.00
.00
.61
.61
.59
.56
.52
.48
.52
.46
.48
.46
.44
.41
.41
.41
.41
.33
.25
.25
.25
.25
.24
.24
.24
.24
.24
.24
.24
.24
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
9
9
9
9
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.46
.72
.91
.91
.86
.80
.76
.70
.59
.50
.48
.48
.47
.48
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.47
.46
.47
.54
.56
.70
-------
1996 1999 0.000 10.00 0.00 297.34 0.00 95.25 0.00 170.63 0.00 26.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.71
4
4
4
5
6
7
8
2000
2001
2005
1965
1965
1965
1965
2000
2004
2020
2050
2050
2050
2020
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
301.
301.
304.
200.
200.
105.
165.
.51
.51
.29
.00
.00
.00
.34
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
94.
94.
94.
123 .
123 .
288.
95.
.89
.89
.64
.00
.00
.00
.77
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
165.
165.
161.
386.
386.
782.
225.
.01
.01
.26
.00
.00
.00
.12
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
24.
24.
23.
90.
90.
61.
93.
.98
.98
.95
.00
.00
.00
.50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
9
9
9
10
10
10
9
.71
.71
.72
.00
.00
.00
.46
-------
Appendix L
Sample Evaporative Fraction Input File for
2007 Phoenix Summertime Fuel
-------
PX07SB.EVP - Phoenix 07 Summer Baseline Evap Fractions
1
2050
0.0045 0.0042 0.0043 0.0045 0.0042 0.0045 0.0042 0.0043 0.0045 0.0042 Benzene
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 MTBE
-------
Appendix M
Sample MOBTOXSb Input File For Phoenix
-------
1
MOBTOX5
1
1
3
4
2
2
1
8
2
1
1
3
1
1
7 1
2
395.383
14910 .
08989 .
05420 .
19496 .
09955 .
03909 .
21331 .
10466 .
05135 .
20112 .
10388 .
05460 .
14910 .
08989 .
05420 .
26720 .
10238 .
03973 .
62211 .
23430 .
09166 .
04786 .
01678 .
00000 .
.036 .
.060 .
.007 .
.040 .
.051 .
.008 .
.040 .
.040 .
.020 .
.060 .
.039 .
. 017 .
.036 .
.060 .
.007 .
.040 .
.051 .
.008 .
.060 .
.039 .
. 017 .
. 144 .
.023 .
.000 .
0107
PROMPT - No prompting, vertical
-- PX07SB.INP
TAMFLG - Default tampering rates
SPDFLG - One speed per scenario
VMFLAG - One VMT mix all scenarios
MYMRFG - Input mileage accum. rates and reg. dist.
NEWFLG - Input new exhaust emission rates
IMFLAG - One I/M program
ALHFLG - No corrections
ATPFLG - ATP, pressure, and purge
RLFLAG - Refueling with onboard VRS and Stage II
LOCFLG - One LAP record for each scenario
TEMFLG - Use default ambient exhaust temperatures
OUTFMT - 112-column descriptive
PRTFLG - Output HC only
IDLFLG - Do not output idle EFs
NMHFLG
HCFLAG - Component and total EFs printed
.127.023.000.002.065.005
11577 .11006 .10463 .09947
06980 .06636 .06308 .05997
LDGV
14289 .13352 .12451 .11584
06496 .05909 .05356 .04839
LDGT1
14942 .13915 .12959 .12068
07331 .06827 .06358 .05921
LDGT2
14427 .13505 .12645
14174 .13475
08546 .08124
05152 .04898
18384 .17308
09194 .08467
03497 .03120
19865 .18500
09747 .09077
04782 .04454
18813 .17602
09732 .09120
05126 .04813
14174 .13475
08546 .08124
05152 .04898
24262 .22033
09307 .08463
03616 .03293
56358 .51067
21286 .19346
08371 .07651
04475 .04164
01368 .00000
00000 .00000
.12810 .12178
.07723 .07342
.04656 .04427
.16267 .15260
.07775 .07118
.02777 .02470
.17228 .16044
.08453 .07872
.04148 .03863
.16470 .15413
.08548 .08012
.04521 .04248
.12810 .12178
.07723 .07342
.04656 .04427
.20012 .18177
.07696 .07000
.02998 .02731
.46283 .41958
.17590 .16001
.06999 .06407
.03853 .03543
.00000 .00000
.00000 .00000
.07512 .07045 .06608
HDGV
.11577 .11006 .10463
.06980 .06636 .06308
LDDV
.16513 .15004 .13634
.06367 .05792 .05270
LDDT
.38047 .34510 .31311
.14562 .13259 .12079
HDDV
.03232 .02921 .02611
.00000 .00000 .00000
MC
072 .072 .072 .072 .071 .070 .069 .067 .064
055 .047
006 .005
079 .078
044 .038
008 .007
075 .070
037 .035
018 .017
081 .074
036 .033
016 .015
072 .072
055 .047
006 .005
079 .078
044 .038
008 .007
081 .074
036 .033
016 .015
168 .135
097 .000
000 .000
ZM
037 .029
004 .010
077 .076
031 .025
007 .037
065 .061
032 .030
016 .075
068 .063
031 .028
014 .063
072 .072
037 .029
004 .010
077 .076
031 .025
007 .037
068 .063
031 .028
014 .063
109 .088
000 .000
000 .000
DR1
.023 .018 .015
LDGV
.074 .071 .067
.020 .015 .011
LDGT1
.057 .053 .049
.028 .026 .024
LDGT2
.058 .054 .049
.026 .024 .022
HDGV
.071 .070 .069
.023 .018 .015
LDDV
.074 .071 .067
.020 .015 .011
LDDT
.058 .054 .049
.026 .024 .022
HDDV
.070 .056 .045
.000 .000 .000
MC
DR2 Flex Pt
. 11841
.06199
.09947
.05997
.12390
.04796
.28417
.11011
.02300
.00000
.09456
.05701
.10752
.04357
.11239
.05514
.11090
.05817
.09456
.05701
.11262
.04364
.25799
.10042
.01989
.00000
.012 .009
.062 .057
.009 .008
.046 .043
.023 .021
.046 .042
.020 .019
.067 .064
.012 .009
.062 .057
.009 .008
.046 .042
.020 .019
.036 .029
.000 .000
File: NTR IM B.BER
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
68
70
72
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
68
70
72
75
76
77
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
01
65
70
74
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
96
97
67
69
71
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
67
69
71
74
75
76
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
50
69
73
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
95
96
00
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7 .
4 .
3.
3.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.488
.576
.099
.491
.068
. 071
. 074
.371
.464
.460
.336
.346
.350
.358
.360
.228
.231
.228
.224
.226
.224
. 197
.169
.156
.064
.488
.576
.099
.470
.802
.813
.807
.876
.406
.406
.423
.495
.485
.456
.446
.334
.333
.319
.293
.313
.312
.264
.216
.192
.073
.885
.486
.486
.887
.404
.404
.427
.501
.502
.487
.470
.349
.344
.336
.293
.313
.264
.216
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.186
.258
.382
.165
.282
.283
.284
.211
.120
.119
.064
.061
.057
.046
.045
.036
.037
.036
.035
.035
.035
.031
.028
.026
. 014
.186
.258
.382
.176
.270
.272
.271
.282
.086
.086
.087
.061
.061
.062
.066
.049
. 047
.045
. 044
.042
.042
.037
.033
.031
.015
.186
.258
.176
.286
.086
.086
.088
.061
.063
.067
.069
.051
.048
.048
. 044
.042
.038
.034
LDGV
0.005 14.63
0.006 14.63
0.024 9.05
0.016 14.64
LDGT1
0.027 11.84
0.017 17.20
LDGT2
0.029 13.93
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
78
88
88
97
95
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
20
67
81
97
1
01
80
81
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
98
65
75
80
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
65
81
96
97
98
99
00
01
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
67
50
50
50
080
50
80
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
97
50
74
79
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
80
95
96
97
98
99
00
50
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
50
0
4
4
4
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
03 03
2222
2222
2221
080
.214
.285
.289
.366
. 148
.791
.347
. 194
.879
.851
.863
.406
.454
.310
.261
.213
.189
.189
.189
.189
.189
.057
.916
.458
.369
.281
.281
.281
.281
.281
.879
.886
.746
.652
.653
.632
.362
.359
.357
03
12
12
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
096
096
096
096
.034 0.0
.203
.201
.205
.065
.065
.126
.036
.042
.039
.039
.089
.078
.033
.028
.023
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.006
.089
. 044
.036
.027
.027
.027
.027
.027
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
111 1112
22111221
13.93
HDGV
LDDV
LDDT
HDDV
1111
TX EVP FRACTIONS : EVP\PX07SB . EVP
TX EXH EMISSIONS : EXH\PX07SB_B . EXH
OFFCYCLE FACTORS : OFF\NTRIM07B . OFF
1 07 19.6 74.0 20.6 27.3 20.6 7
PX07SB.INP Spr B 061. 087. 06.8 06.8 20 1 1 1 1
1 07 19.6 95.0 20.6 27.3 20.6 7
PX07SB.INP Sum B 084. 106. 06.8 06.8 20 1 1 1 1
-------
Appendix N
Sample MOBTOXSb Output For Phoenix
-------
1MOBTOX5 -- PX07SB.INP
M5TOXRAD based on MobileSb(27FEB98)Mods by Radian 7/98
0
-M 49 Warning:
MYR sum not = 1
-M 49 Warning:
+
-M 49 Warning:
+
-M 49 Warning:
+
-M 49 Warning:
1.00
1.00
0.998
1.00
0.998
MYR sum not = 1.
MYR sum not = 1.
MYR sum not = 1.
(will normalize)
(will normalize)
(will normalize)
(will normalize)
(will normalize)
MYR sum not = 1 .
Reading I/M credits information
Annual Idle Only 220/1.2 Cutpoints IDLE. IMC
-M121 Warning:
+ NO emission credit from evaporative control system inspection
will be given unless gas cap inspection also required.
-M114 Warning:
-M109 Warning:
Purge Check emission benefits assume the use of a dynomometer and
the IM240 transient test procedure driving cycle.
The user supplied inspection frequencies are not equal.
ATP inspection frequency: Biennial
I/M program #1 inspection frequency: Annual
I/M program #2 inspection frequency: NA
Pressure Check inspection frequency: Biennial
Purge Check inspection frequency: Biennial
Evap Toxic emission frac. data read from file
Exhaust Toxic emission data read from file
EVP\PX07SB.EVP
EXH\PX07SB B.EXH
Off Cycle data read from file : OFF\NTRIM07B.OFF
EVP\PX07SB.EVP : PX07SB.EVP - Phoenix 07 Summer Baseline Evap Fractions
EXH\PX07SB B.EXH : IV MYA MYB TOG-N TOG-H BZ-N BZ-H AC-N
AC-H
FR-N
OFF\NTRIM07B.OFF
Off-Cycle Corrections - 2007 Baseline - Non-OTR - With
UC/FTP Toxics Mass Fr
Benzene
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
TX-Lo
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
& TOG Emissions
TX-
165.
165.
165.
165.
165.
165.
165.
165.
-Hi
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
.340
TOG-Hi
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
for LDGVs from files :
TOG-Lo
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
TXEVHS TXEVD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
EXH\PX07SB_B.EX
: TXEVRF TXEVRN
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
EVP\PX07SB.EVP
EVPTXRST AGG1
OFF\NTRIM07B.OF
AGG2 AGG3
AGG-TOX
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
-------
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
12
12
13
13
13
12
11
11
11
10
10
10
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.550
.250
.450
.140
.100
.200
.670
.920
.600
.100
.670
.720
.300
.720
.150
.360
.360
.360
.360
.360
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
.610
165
165
168
169
169
169
169
169
102
100
104
113
112
115
115
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
.340
.340
.920
.150
.150
.370
.370
.600
.780
.680
.540
.400
.540
.020
.350
.160
.020
.110
.160
.020
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
.160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.637
.625
.625
.636
.641
.638
.609
.567
.555
.532
.511
.517
.496
.431
.364
.331
.331
.331
.331
.331
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.049
.049
.052
.052
.052
.052
.052
.053
.117
.115
.116
.114
.110
.098
.097
.063
.066
.065
.064
.066
.065
.067
.069
.069
.007
.001
.001
.001
.065
.044
.015
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.015
.014
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.127
.127
.133
.134
.136
.143
.144
.158
.158
.161
.164
.165
.168
.177
.187
.192
.196
.201
.259
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
.315
Acetaldehyde & TOG Emissions for LDGVs from file : EXH\PX07SB_B.EX OFF\NTRIM07B.OF
Year TX-Lo TX-Hi TOG-Hi TOG-Lo AGG1 AGG2 AGG3 AGG-TOX
-------
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.230
.320
.070
.540
.640
.390
.320
.070
.010
.950
.900
.910
.880
.450
.010
.790
.790
.790
.790
.790
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
.450
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
101
102
102
102
102
103
29
30
29
26
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
.770
.770
.770
.770
.770
.770
.770
.770
.770
.770
.910
.290
.290
.670
.670
.060
.830
.560
.210
.130
.430
.560
.450
.170
.220
.180
.170
.210
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.637
.625
.625
.636
.641
.638
.609
.567
.555
.532
.511
.517
.496
.431
.364
.331
.331
.331
.331
.331
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.052
.052
.052
.052
.052
.053
.117
.115
.116
.114
.110
.098
.097
.063
.066
.065
.064
.066
.065
.067
.069
.069
.007
.001
.001
.001
.065
.044
.015
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.015
.014
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.919
.919
.923
.924
.924
.928
.929
.936
.936
.938
.939
.940
.941
.946
.951
.954
.956
.959
.990
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
.020
-------
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
0.450
0.450
0.450
0.450
0.450
Formaldehyde
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
TX-Lo
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
6.710
6.890
6.420
5.390
5.590
5.290
5.060
4.730
4.660
4.540
4.400
4.460
4.300
3 .660
3 .000
2.680
2.680
2.680
2.680
2.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
25
25
25
25
25
.170
.170
.170
.170
.170
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
& TOG Emissions
TX-Hi
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
186
183
183
181
181
178
45
47
44
37
38
36
36
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
.120
.120
.120
.120
.120
.120
.120
.120
.120
.120
.030
.590
.590
.150
.150
.700
.790
.340
.480
.920
.560
.730
.480
.880
.980
.910
.880
.980
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
TOG-Hi
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.637
0.625
0.625
0.636
0.641
0.638
0.609
0.567
0.555
0.532
0.511
0.517
0.496
0.431
0.364
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
for
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
LDGVs
TOG-Lo
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
from
AGG1
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.053
0.117
0.115
0.116
0.114
0.110
0.098
0.097
0.063
0.066
0.065
0.064
0.066
0.065
0.067
0.069
0.069
0.007
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.065
0.044
0.015
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
file
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
: EXH\PX07SB
AGG2
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.015
.014
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
AGG3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.020
1.020
1.020
1.020
1.020
B.EX OFF\NTRIM07B.OF
AGG-TOX
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.895
0.895
0.904
0.906
0.908
0.918
0.920
0.939
0.940
0.944
0.948
0.950
0.953
0.967
0.981
0.987
0.994
1.001
1.083
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
-------
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.680
1,3 Butadiene
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
TX-Lo
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.830
1.840
1.810
1.740
1.760
1.750
1.700
1.630
1.590
1.540
1.500
1.500
1.450
1.230
1.000
0.890
0.890
0.890
0.890
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
.880
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
& TOG Emissions
TX-Hi
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
47
44
44
41
41
38
24
23
25
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
.500
.500
.500
.500
.500
.500
.500
.500
.500
.500
.160
.260
.260
.360
.360
.470
.590
.970
.120
.770
.510
.250
.350
.590
.550
.580
.590
.550
.590
.590
.590
.590
.590
.590
.590
TOG-Hi
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.637
0.625
0.625
0.636
0.641
0.638
0.609
0.567
0.555
0.532
0.511
0.517
0.496
0.431
0.364
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
for
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
LDGVs
TOG-Lo
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
from
AGG1
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.053
0.117
0.115
0.116
0.114
0.110
0.098
0.097
0.063
0.066
0.065
0.064
0.066
0.065
0.067
0.069
0.069
0.007
0.001
0.001
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
file
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
: EXH\PX07SB
AGG2
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.015
.014
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
AGG3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
1.163
B.EX OFF\NTRIM07B.OF
AGG-TOX
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.709
0.709
0.720
0.723
0.725
0.738
0.739
0.763
0.764
0.770
0.774
0.776
0.780
0.797
0.814
0.822
0.830
0.839
0.940
-------
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
MTBE
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.890
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
.230
TX-Lo
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
28.590 0.331
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
28.590 0.099
& TOG Emissions
TX-Hi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
TOG-Hi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.637
.625
.625
.636
.641
.638
.609
.567
.555
.532
.511
4.040 0.001 0.001 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.065 0.001 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.044 0.001 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.015 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
4.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 1.037
for LDGVs from files : EXH\PX07SB B . EX EVP\PX07SB . EVP
TOG-Lo
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
TXEVHS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
TXEVDI
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
TXEVRF
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
TXEVRN EVPTXRST
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
AGG1
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.049
.052
.052
.052
.052
.052
.053
.117
.115
.116
.114
.110
.098
.097
.063
.066
.065
.064
OFF\NTRIM07B.OF
AGG2
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.015
.014
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
AGG3
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
AGG-TOX
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.964
.964
.960
.959
.958
.952
.952
.941
.941
.939
.937
-------
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TOG
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.517
0.496
0.431
0.364
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
& TOG Emissions
TX-Lo
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.510
0.500
0.490
TX-Hi
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
3
3
3
.460
.460
.460
.460
.460
.460
.460
.460
.460
.460
.670
.680
.680
.690
.690
.710
.600
.620
.580
TOG-Hi
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.637
0.625
0.625
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
for
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
LDGVs
TOG-Lo
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
4.
4.
4.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.040
.040
.040
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
from
AGG1
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.053
0.117
0.115
0.116
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
file
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
: EXH\PX07SB
AGG2
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.015
.014
.002
AGG3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
EX OFF\NTRIM07B
0.066
0.065
0.067
0.069
0.069
0.007
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.065
0.044
0.015
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
.OF
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.002
.002
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.936
0.934
0.927
0.920
0.916
0.913
0.909
0.866
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
0.825
AGG-TOX
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
-------
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
M170
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.470
.480
.470
.440
.410
.400
.390
.370
.380
.360
.310
.250
.220
.220
.220
.220
.220
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
.060
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.500
.510
.480
.480
.470
.480
.470
.470
.480
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
.470
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.636
.641
.638
.609
.567
.555
.532
.511
.517
.496
.431
.364
.331
.331
.331
.331
.331
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
.099
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.114
.110
.098
.097
.063
.066
.065
.064
.066
.065
.067
.069
.069
.007
.001
.001
.001
.065
.044
.015
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Warning:
-M154 Warning:
Exhaust emissions for gasoline fueled vehicles
beginning in 1995 have been reduced as a result of
Gasoline Detergent Additive Regulations (1994) .
Refueling emissions for LDGV and LDGT after 1998
model year have been reduced as a result of the
Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery Regulations (1994)
Emission Factor Modification Profile
Eqn.
1
2
Reg
1
1
Veh
1
1
Pol
1
1
First
1965
1968
Last
1967
1969
7.
4.
Base
.4880
.5760
0
0
DR1
.1860
.2580
DR2 KINK Altered
Yes
Yes
-------
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1970
1972
1975
1976
1978
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
2001
1965
1968
1970
1972
1975
1976
1977
1979
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
2001
1965
1970
1974
1971
1974
1975
1977
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
2000
2050
1967
1969
1971
1974
1975
1976
1978
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
2000
2050
1969
1973
1978
3 .
3 .
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7.
4.
3 .
3 .
1.
1.
1.
0.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
6.
6.
.0990
.4910
.0680
.0710
.0740
.3710
.4640
.4600
.3360
.3460
.3500
.3580
.3600
.2280
.2310
.2280
.2240
.2260
.2240
.1970
.1690
.1560
.0640
.4880
.5760
.0990
.4700
.8020
.8130
.8070
.8760
.4060
.4060
.4230
.4950
.4850
.4560
.4460
.3340
.3330
.3190
.2930
.3130
.3120
.2640
.2160
.1920
.0730
.8850
.4860
.4860
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.3820
.1650
.2820
.2830
.2840
.2110
.1200
.1190
.0640
.0610
.0570
.0460
.0450
.0360
.0370
.0360
.0350
.0350
.0350
.0310
.0280
.0260
.0140
.1860
.2580
.3820
.1760
.2700
.2720
.2710
.2820
.0860
.0860
.0870
.0610
.0610
.0620
.0660
.0490
.0470
.0450
.0440
.0420
.0420
.0370
.0330
.0310
.0150
.1860
.2580
.1760
0.0050 14.6300
0.0060 14.6300
0.0240 9.0500
0.0160 14.6400
0.0270 11.8400
0.0170 17.2000
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
-------
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1979
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1996
1997
2001
1980
1981
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1990
1991
1998
1965
1975
1980
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
1965
1981
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1995
1996
2000
2050
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
1997
2050
1974
1979
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2050
1980
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2050
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
0.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4.
3 .
3 .
2.
2.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.8870
.4040
.4040
.4270
.5010
.5020
.4870
.4700
.3490
.3440
.3360
.2930
.3130
.2640
.2160
.2140
.1179
.9044
.9600
.8206
.4952
.2083
.0680
.7849
.7571
.7638
.4060
.4540
.3100
.2610
.2130
.1890
.1890
.1890
.1890
.1890
.0570
.9160
.4580
.3690
.2810
.2810
.2810
.2810
.2810
.8740
.8597
.5412
.3366
.3275
.2849
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2860
.0860
.0860
.0880
.0610
.0630
.0670
.0690
.0510
.0480
.0480
.0440
.0420
.0380
.0340
.0340
.1951
.1830
.1859
.0582
.0581
.1130
.0322
.0375
.0347
.0345
.0890
.0780
.0330
.0280
.0230
.0200
.0200
.0200
.0200
.0200
.0060
.0890
.0440
.0360
.0270
.0270
.0270
.0270
.0270
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
0.0290 13.9300
0.0280 13.9300
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
-------
105 171 1994 1994
106 171 1995 1995
107 171 1996 2050
OI/M program selected:
0 Start year (January 1):
Pre-1981 MYR stringency rate:
First model year covered:
Last model year covered:
Waiver rate (pre-1981):
Waiver rate (1981 and newer):
Compliance Rate:
Inspection type:
Inspection frequency
Vehicle types covered:
0.7359
0.7320
0.7269
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Yes
Yes
Yes
1978
20%
1967
2003
3.%
3.%
96.%
Test Only
Annual
LDGV
LDGT1
LDGT2
HDGV
Idle
.200
& 2
No
No
No
Yes
NOx: 999.000
I/M cred data
1981 & later MYR test type:
Outpoints, HC: 220.000 CO: 1
Low alt, Annl and Bien Insp Freq TECH 1
Annual Idle Only 220/1.2 Cutpoints IDLE.IMC
OFunctional Check Program Description:
OCheck Start Model Yrs Vehicle Classes Covered Inspection Comp
(Janl) Covered LDGV LDGT1 LDGT2 HDGV Type Freq Rate
Press 1988 1981-2050 Yes Yes Yes Yes Test Only Biennial 96.0%
Purge 1997 1997-2050 Yes Yes Yes No Test Only Biennial 96.0%
ATP 1988 1967-2050 Yes Yes Yes Yes Test Only Biennial 96.0%
OAir pump system disablements: Yes Catalyst removals:
Fuel inlet restrictor disablements: No Tailpipe lead deposit test:
EGR disablement: No Evaporative system disablements:
PCV system disablements: Yes Missing gas caps:
OTOG HC emission factors include evaporative HC emission factors.
0
Eff
Adj
00
00
00
Yes
No
Yes
No
OEmission factors are as of July 1st of the indicated calendar year.
OUser supplied basic exhaust emissions rates, mileage accrual distributions, veh registration distributions.
OCal. Year: 2007
OPX07SB.INP Spr
0 Veh. Type:
I/M Program: Yes
Anti-tarn. Program: Yes
Reformulated Gas: No
Period 1 RVP: 6.8
LDGV LDGT1 LDGT2
Ambient Temp: 80.6 (F)
Region: Low
Operating Mode: 20.6 / 27.3 / 20.6 Altitude: 500. Ft.
Minimum Temp: 61.
Period 2 RVP: 6.8
LDGT HDGV
(F) Maximum Temp: 87. (F)
Period 2 Start Yr: 2020
LDDV LDDT HDDV MC
All Veh
Veh. Speeds:
VMT Mix:
OComposite Toxic
Total Bnz
Exhst Bnz
Evap . Bnz
19.6
0.395
Emission
10.03
9.23
0.33
19.
0.
.6
.383
Factors
12.
11.
0.
.55
.75
.37
19
0
.6
.127
19
0
.6
.023
19
0
.6
.000
19.
0.
.6
.002
19.
0.
.6
.065
19.
0.
.6
.005
(mg/Mile)
21
20
0
.20
.15
.46
14
13
0
.71
.84
.39
38
35
1
.49
.93
.70
4
4
.49
.49
10.
10.
.75
.75
8.
8.
.84
.84
44.
35.
7.
.94
.70
.77
13 .168
12.304
0.408
-------
Refuel
Runing
Rsting
Exhst
Exhst
Exhst
Total
Exhst
Evap .
Refuel
Runing
Rsting
OComposite
Total
Exhst
Evap .
Refuel
Runing
Rsting
Bnz
Bnz
Bnz
Act
Frm
But
MTB
MTB
MTB
MTB
MTB
MTB
Emission
TOG
TOG
TOG
TOG
TOG
TOG
0
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.07
.29
.11
.87
.95
.24
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Factors
.42
.25
.06
.02
.06
.03
0.
0.
0.
2.
3 .
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.12
.23
.09
.37
.85
.66
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
(gm/Mile)
0.49
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.32
.07
.03
.05
.02
0
0
0
4
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.16
.30
.12
.32
.87
.73
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.80
.58
.09
.04
.07
.03
0
0
0
2
4
1
10
1
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.13
.25
.10
.85
.61
.92
.22
.80
.57
.75
.33
.76
.57
.39
.07
.03
.06
.02
0
0
0
13
27
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
.34
.40
.12
.04
.80
.91
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.87
.29
.38
.08
.09
.03
1.
2.76 6.61 24.24 20.
8.66 20.76 65.81 48.
2.02 4.84 5.13 20.
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.
0.
0.
0.22 0.54 0.84 4.
0.22 0.54 0.84 2.
1.
0.
.47
.68
.61
.19
.00
.00
.00
.00
.17
.04
.77
.35
0.101
0.250
0.105
4.186
8.717
2.028
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.575
0.391
0.080
0.024
0.056
0.025
-M170 Warning:
-M154 Warning:
Exhaust emissions for gasoline fueled vehicles
beginning in 1995 have been reduced as a result of
Gasoline Detergent Additive Regulations (1994) .
+ Refueling emissions for LDGV and LDGT after 1998
model year have been reduced as a result of the
Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery Regulations (1994) .
OEmission factors are as of July 1st of the indicated calendar year.
OUser supplied basic exhaust emissions rates, mileage accrual distributions, veh registration distributions.
OCal. Year: 2007
OPX07SB.INP Sum
0 Veh. Type:
I/M Program: Yes
Anti-tarn. Program: Yes
Reformulated Gas: No
Period 1 RVP: 6.8
LDGV LDGT1 LDGT2
Ambient Temp:101.4 (F)
Region: Low
Operating Mode: 20.6 / 27.3 / 20.6 Altitude: 500. Ft.
Minimum Temp: 84.
Period 2 RVP: 6.8
LDGT HDGV
(F) Maximum Temp: 106. (F)
Period 2 Start Yr: 2020
LDDV LDDT HDDV MC
All Veh
Veh. Speeds:
VMT Mix:
19.
0.
.6
.395
OComposite Toxic Emission
Total
Exhst
Evap .
Refuel
Bnz
Bnz
Bnz
Bnz
12.
10.
0.
0.
.08
.53
.53
.09
19.
0.
.6
.383
19
0
.6
.127
19
0
.6 19.6 19.6
.023 0.000 0.002
19.6 19.
0.065 0.
.6
.005
Factors (mg/Mile)
15.
13 .
0.
0.
.24
.40
.58
.15
25
22
0
0
.39
.94
.74
.21
17.
15.
0.
0.
.77
.78
.62
.16
46
40
3
0
.19 4.49 10.75
.92 4.49 10.75
.15
.45
8.84 54.
8.84 35.
16.
.42
.33
.47
15.
13 .
0.
0.
.762
.919
.678
.129
-------
Runing
Rsting
Exhst
Exhst
Exhst
Total
Exhst
Evap .
Refuel
Runing
Rsting
OComposite
Total
Exhst
Evap .
Refuel
Runing
Rsting
Bnz
Bnz
Act
Frm
But
MTB
MTB
MTB
MTB
MTB
MTB
Emission
TOG
TOG
TOG
TOG
TOG
TOG
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.74
.20
.13
.36
.41
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Factors
.62
.28
.11
.02
.16
.05
0.
0.
2.
4.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.94
.17
.69
.38
.89
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1
0
4
7
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
.28
.22
.90
.80
.11
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1
0
3
5
2
10
1
3
0
3
0
.03
.18
.24
.23
.19
.22
.80
.57
.75
.33
.76
1
0
15
33
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
.45
.22
.15
.07
.93
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
2.
2.76 6.61 24.24 20.
8.66 20.76 65.81 48.
2.02 4.84 5.13 19.
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.
0.
0.
.62
.47
.11
.98
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.849
0.186
4.536
9.318
2.256
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(gm/Mile)
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.77
.37
.12
.03
.21
.04
1
0
0
0
0
0
.20
.66
.15
.05
.28
.05
0
0
0
0
0
0
.87
.44
.13
.04
.23
.04
2
1
0
0
0
0
.67
.49
.71
.10
.32
.05
0.22 0.54 0.84 6.
0.22 0.54 0.84 2.
3 .
0.
.39
.02
.75
.62
0.842
0.437
0.142
0.030
0.189
0.044
-------
Appendix O
County-Level Population, VMT, and
Emissions Mapping
-------
State County
No. No.
1 1
1 3
1 5
1 7
1 9
1 11
1 13
1 15
1 17
1 19
1 21
1 23
1 25
1 27
1 29
1 31
1 33
1 35
1 37
1 39
1 41
1 43
1 45
1 47
1 49
1 51
1 53
1 55
1 57
1 59
1 61
1 63
1 65
1 67
1 69
1 71
1 73
1 75
1 77
1 79
1 81
1 83
1 85
1 87
FIPS
1001
1003
1005
1007
1009
1011
1013
1015
1017
1019
1021
1023
1025
1027
1029
1031
1033
1035
1037
1039
1041
1043
1045
1047
1049
1051
1053
1055
1057
1059
1061
1063
1065
1067
1069
1071
1073
1075
1077
1079
1081
1083
1085
1087
State
Code
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
County
Autauga, AL
Baldwin, AL
Barbour, AL
Bibb, AL
Blount, AL
Bullock, AL
Butler, AL
Calhoun, AL
Chambers, AL
Cherokee, AL
Chilton, AL
Choctaw, AL
Clarke, AL
Clay, AL
Cleburne, AL
Coffee, AL
Colbert, AL
Conecuh, AL
Coosa, AL
Covington, AL
Crenshaw, AL
Cullman, AL
Dale, AL
Dallas, AL
DeKalb, AL
Elmore, AL
Escambia, AL
Etowah, AL
Fayette, AL
Franklin, AL
Geneva, AL
Greene, AL
Hale, AL
Henry, AL
Houston, AL
Jackson, AL
Jefferson, AL
Lamar, AL
Lauderdale, AL
Lawrence, AL
Lee, AL
Limestone, AL
Lowndes, AL
Macon, AL
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
34222
98280
25417
16576
39248
11042
21892
116032
36876
19543
32458
16018
27240
13252
12730
40240
51666
14054
11063
36478
13635
67613
49633
48130
54651
49210
35518
99840
17962
27814
23647
10153
15498
15374
81331
47796
651520
15715
79661
31513
87146
54135
12658
24928
1996
40294
124476
26587
18301
44248
11237
21721
116941
36832
21298
35793
15912
28311
13749
13897
41731
52850
14079
11484
37236
13644
73294
49182
47275
57309
58692
36349
103674
18145
29356
24659
9938
16263
15599
84616
50329
657643
15753
83587
33118
96879
59762
12849
23545
2007
44081
136174
29086
20020
48406
12293
23762
127930
40294
23299
39157
17407
30971
15041
15203
45653
57816
15402
12563
40735
14926
80182
53804
51718
62695
64207
39764
113417
19851
32115
26977
10872
17791
17064
92567
55059
719446
17233
91442
36231
105983
65378
14057
25757
2020
47779
147599
31526
21700
52467
13325
25755
138664
43674
25254
42442
18867
33570
16303
16479
49484
62667
16694
13617
44153
16178
86909
58318
56057
67955
69594
43101
122933
21516
34809
29240
11784
19284
18496
100334
59678
779808
18679
99114
39271
114875
70864
15236
27918
1990
377.699
983.531
205.187
146.294
557.978
92.976
273.919
1254.634
425.448
218.702
447.615
196.310
250.834
159.747
176.966
296.601
562.036
218.839
132.633
308.103
146.298
885.629
371.330
409.069
724.005
601.753
431.326
1166.017
181.942
251.706
230.936
185.759
159.519
133.701
826.912
459.337
7377.655
173.819
835.459
329.681
912.262
604.790
223.379
296.006
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
456.619
1030.724
232.799
191.492
563.123
121.079
245.592
1572.674
258.381
273.264
413.105
257.772
294.225
213.259
163.442
308.116
750.255
175.262
178.032
356.121
182.789
897.484
421.697
381.747
655.650
591.103
337.311
1392.072
216.175
287.183
313.870
163.389
206.004
165.326
1177.258
530.993
9246.557
252.896
1166.751
460.865
1233.195
632.065
203.701
226.581
2007
568.098
1276.427
286.503
235.886
692.482
149.120
302.495
1870.655
317.549
336.824
509.043
317.848
362.346
262.963
201.403
378.861
905.724
215.949
219.526
438.396
225.277
1106.059
526.948
469.486
807.756
741.763
415.191
1659.119
266.329
353.610
386.814
201.467
253.880
203.599
1458.620
654.001
11178.632
311.836
1409.754
576.701
1500.510
799.128
251.175
278.842
2020
712.299
1598.851
356.078
293.319
860.662
185.403
376.131
2271.712
394.348
418.988
633.113
395.481
450.507
327.180
250.495
470.627
1106.582
268.569
273.142
544.939
280.217
1375.759
661.595
583.263
1004.526
934.834
516.057
2013.455
331.208
439.613
481.128
250.676
315.793
253.147
1821.879
813.181
13753.744
387.991
1723.272
726.269
1852.502
1015.932
312.519
346.549
-------
State
No.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
County
No.
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
13
16
20
50
60
68
70
90
100
110
122
130
150
164
170
180
185
188
201
220
232
FIPS
1089
1091
1093
1095
1097
1099
1101
1103
1105
1107
1109
1111
1113
1115
1117
1119
1121
1123
1125
1127
1129
1131
1133
2013
2016
2020
2050
2060
2068
2070
2090
2100
2110
2122
2130
2150
2164
2170
2180
2185
2188
2201
2220
2232
State
Code
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
County
Madison, AL
Marengo, AL
Marion, AL
Marshall, AL
Mobile, AL
Monroe, AL
Montgomery, AL
Morgan, AL
Perry, AL
Pickens, AL
Pike, AL
Randolph, AL
Russell, AL
St. Clair, AL
Shelby, AL
Sumter, AL
Talladega, AL
Tallapoosa, AL
Tuscaloosa, AL
Walker, AL
Washington, AL
Wilcox, AL
Winston, AL
Aleutians East Borough, R
Aleutians West Census U2
Anchorage Borough, AK U2
Bethel Census Area, AK R
Bristol Bay Borough, AK R
Denali Borough, AK
Dillingham Census Area R
Fairbanks North Star Bo U2
Haines Borough, AK
Juneau Borough, AK
Kenai Peninsula Boroug U2
Ketchikan Gateway Bon U2
Kodiak Island Borough,
Lake and Peninsula BorR
Matanuska-Susitna Bon R
Nome Census Area, AK R
North Slope Borough, A U2
Northwest Arctic Boroug R
Prince of Wales-Outer K R
Sitka Borough, AK
Skagway-Yakutat-Ango< R
Urban/
Rural
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
U1
R
U2
U2
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
Population
1990
238912
23084
29830
70832
378643
23968
209085
100043
12759
20699
27595
19881
46860
49811
99363
16174
74109
38826
150522
67670
16694
13568
22053
2464
9478
226338
13656
1410
1764
4012
77720
2117
26751
40802
13828
13309
1668
39683
8288
5979
6113
6278
8588
3680
1996
267524
23443
30673
77741
395471
24155
216381
107124
12659
20926
28460
19917
50168
59263
130291
16023
76455
39959
159297
70295
17482
13541
23647
2342
5377
247517
15505
1350
1977
4393
83361
2172
29538
46595
13812
14644
1761
52298
8810
7018
6552
7031
8494
3776
2007
292665
25646
33555
85047
432636
26425
236716
117191
13848
22893
31134
21789
54882
64832
142535
17529
83640
43714
174268
76901
19125
14814
25870
2741
6291
289617
18142
1580
2314
5140
97540
2541
34563
54521
16161
17134
2060
61193
10308
8212
7666
8227
9938
4418
2020
317220
27798
36370
92183
468935
28642
256576
127023
15010
24813
33747
23617
59487
70271
154494
19000
90657
47382
188889
83354
20729
16057
28040
3198
7340
337927
21168
1843
2700
5997
113810
2965
40328
63615
18857
19992
2404
71400
12028
9581
8945
9600
11596
5155
1990
2329.138
219.951
289.901
545.756
3601.269
224.948
1788.098
1168.971
144.209
228.307
215.587
193.384
480.954
609.443
930.481
207.885
807.907
324.741
1566.583
677.468
196.097
172.010
219.347
22.176
45.801
1336.699
132.077
8.806
8.200
71.760
491.913
26.116
91.115
345.977
97.599
102.759
16.718
276.957
101.620
65.278
75.099
59.413
36.406
54.066
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
3112.935
228.255
347.130
653.121
4727.302
286.107
2467.009
1623.097
145.349
302.507
257.665
229.324
748.652
603.310
1403.517
163.487
649.748
344.953
2001.006
820.352
268.650
218.344
292.236
20.792
42.940
1880.359
114.090
9.539
8.883
45.848
419.512
24.192
65.453
261 .623
76.324
89.075
15.675
385.233
60.061
38.080
42.700
71.744
21.483
50.109
2007
3883.452
281.003
427.615
803.813
5775.070
352.475
3046.335
2006.291
179.035
372.915
317.131
282.486
904.545
741.500
1708.434
201.287
799.101
424.470
2474.416
1010.703
331 .262
269.233
360.149
27.045
55.856
2380.811
148.668
10.884
10.136
59.810
545.421
31.561
84.439
340.492
99.247
115.953
20.389
502.277
78.216
49.559
55.598
93.590
27.723
65.371
2020
4897.595
349.320
531.751
999.022
7174.950
438.343
3802.348
2507.780
222.638
463.913
394.164
351.274
1105.691
921.288
2110.605
250.223
992.765
527.519
3098.415
1256.938
412.174
334.979
447.956
34.772
71.814
2996.916
191.349
14.018
13.054
77.029
701.040
40.636
108.030
437.896
127.573
149.161
26.214
646.694
100.632
63.737
71.523
120.542
35.473
84.188
-------
State County
No. No.
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
240
261
270
280
282
290
1
3
5
7
9
11
12
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
FIPS
2240
2261
2270
2280
2282
2290
4001
4003
4005
4007
4009
4011
4012
4013
4015
4017
4019
4021
4023
4025
4027
5001
5003
5005
5007
5009
5011
5013
5015
5017
5019
5021
5023
5025
5027
5029
5031
5033
5035
5037
5039
5041
5043
5045
State
Code
AK
AK
AK
AK
AL
AL
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
County
Southeast Fairbanks Ce
Valdez-Cordova Census
Wade Hampton Census
Wrangell-Petersburg Ce
Yakutat Borough, AL
Yukon-Koyukuk Census
Apache, AZ
Cochise, AZ
Coconino, AZ
Gila, AZ
Graham, AZ
Greenlee, AZ
La Paz, AZ
Maricopa, AZ
Mohave, AZ
Navajo, AZ
Pima, AZ
Pinal, AZ
Santa Cruz, AZ
Yavapai, AZ
Yuma, AZ
Arkansas, AR
Ashley, AR
Baxter, AR
Benton, AR
Boone, AR
Bradley, AR
Calhoun, AR
Carroll, AR
Chicot, AR
Clark, AR
Clay, AR
Cleburne, AR
Cleveland, AR
Columbia, AR
Conway, AR
Craighead, AR
Crawford, AR
Crittenden, AR
Cross, AR
Dallas, AR
Desha, AR
Drew, AR
Faulkner, AR
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
U2
R
R
R
U1
U2
R
U1
U2
U2
U2
U2
U2
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
U1
Mapped
Area
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
PX
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
5913
9952
5791
7042
705
6714
61591
97624
96591
40216
26554
8008
13844
2122101
93497
77674
666957
116397
29676
107714
106895
21653
24319
31186
97499
28297
11793
5826
18654
15713
21437
18107
19411
7781
25691
19151
68956
42493
49939
19225
9614
16798
17369
60006
1996
5613
10335
6638
6973
815
6148
68403
110159
111272
47211
30448
9198
14764
2614184
123829
92454
763980
139492
36699
139072
126713
20917
24406
35808
125362
31454
11592
5759
21829
15206
22022
17494
22019
8245
25282
19878
75793
48538
49726
19447
9238
15476
17690
74225
2007
6568
12093
7767
8160
953
7194
84369
135871
137244
58231
37555
11345
18210
3224362
152732
114033
942300
172051
45265
171532
156289
23172
27038
39669
138879
34845
12841
6380
24182
16845
24396
19380
24393
9134
28008
22021
83965
53771
55087
21544
10234
17145
19597
82228
2020
7663
14110
9062
9521
1112
8394
96433
155300
156870
66557
42925
12967
20814
3685433
174572
130340
1077045
196653
51738
196061
178638
24871
29020
42576
149059
37399
13783
6848
25955
18080
26184
20801
26182
9803
30061
23635
90119
57712
59125
23123
10984
18402
21033
88256
1990
88.239
96.274
72.524
58.105
7.075
121.828
1425.238
1497.592
1299.298
721.769
495.411
199.831
701.172
17099.216
943.576
1619.548
5375.176
1662.716
275.342
1474.010
705.615
157.744
187.368
224.953
569.002
203.994
94.485
59.273
142.431
112.353
245.138
162.147
140.797
76.715
197.336
245.462
451.258
488.072
525.019
158.324
75.389
130.985
131.336
544.776
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
67.573
80.463
66.177
50.745
6.178
96.883
1376.966
1033.681
1136.771
669.600
514.733
173.834
695.269
23216.850
537.096
1622.350
6519.341
1800.499
354.578
1290.044
699.676
171.461
233.772
401.290
903.471
340.038
109.450
98.420
270.191
117.177
222.926
207.143
250.060
131.445
278.922
232.414
527.473
595.259
651.779
210.914
96.643
137.507
180.546
645.413
2007
88.149
104.837
86.332
58.908
7.172
126.388
1892.276
1418.774
1551.813
919.838
707.245
238.880
920.020
31798.340
813.769
2229.318
8532.387
2502.796
486.802
1771.124
925.850
212.452
290.116
498.943
1205.458
422.621
135.794
122.530
336.147
145.108
276.814
257.374
310.915
163.648
346.442
288.875
653.364
761.312
815.723
261.987
119.977
170.432
224.186
824.444
2020
113.531
134.912
111.188
75.782
9.227
162.769
2565.154
1921.874
2089.732
1246.645
958.646
323.818
1204.767
43149.254
1197.061
3021.912
11111.717
3426.477
659.520
2399.557
1212.401
264.746
361.880
623.053
1601.644
527.627
169.360
153.137
419.926
180.774
345.399
321.259
388.254
204.516
432.366
360.676
814.064
975.324
1026.076
326.974
149.673
212.422
279.744
1053.057
-------
State
No.
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
County
No.
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
FIPS
5047
5049
5051
5053
5055
5057
5059
5061
5063
5065
5067
5069
5071
5073
5075
5077
5079
5081
5083
5085
5087
5089
5091
5093
5095
5097
5099
5101
5103
5105
5107
5109
5111
5113
5115
5117
5119
5121
5123
5125
5127
5129
5131
5133
State
Code
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
County
Franklin, AR
Fulton, AR
Garland, AR
Grant, AR
Greene, AR
Hempstead, AR
Hot Spring, AR
Howard, AR
Independence, AR
Izard, AR
Jackson, AR
Jefferson, AR
Johnson, AR
Lafayette, AR
Lawrence, AR
Lee, AR
Lincoln, AR
Little River, AR
Logan, AR
Lonoke, AR
Madison, AR
Marion, AR
Miller, AR
Mississippi, AR
Monroe, AR
Montgomery, AR
Nevada, AR
Newton, AR
Ouachita, AR
Perry, AR
Phillips, AR
Pike, AR
Poinsett, AR
Polk, AR
Pope, AR
Prairie, AR
Pulaski, AR
Randolph, AR
St. Francis, AR
Saline, AR
Scott, AR
Searcy, AR
Sebastian, AR
Sevier, AR
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
14897
10037
73397
13948
31804
21621
26115
13569
31192
11364
18944
85487
18221
9643
17455
13053
13690
13966
20557
39268
11618
12001
38467
57525
11333
7841
10101
7666
30574
7969
28830
10086
24664
17347
45883
9518
349569
16558
28497
64183
10205
7841
99590
13637
1996
16245
10828
81800
15439
35005
21899
28214
13824
32666
12697
17921
82720
20744
9164
17458
12575
14253
13317
21147
47841
12916
14074
39531
51509
10498
8406
10044
8047
28471
9245
27803
10432
24611
19318
50457
9318
350304
17539
28401
74229
10758
7793
105057
14633
2007
17997
11996
90620
17104
38779
24260
31256
15315
36188
14066
19854
91639
22981
10152
19340
13931
15790
14753
23427
52999
14308
15591
43793
57062
11630
9312
11126
8914
31540
10242
30801
11557
27264
21400
55897
10323
388074
19430
31463
82232
11918
8633
116384
16211
2020
19316
12875
97263
18358
41621
26038
33547
16438
38841
15097
21309
98356
24666
10896
20758
14952
16947
15834
25144
56884
15357
16734
47003
61245
12483
9995
11942
9568
33852
10993
33059
12404
29263
22969
59994
11080
416520
20854
33770
88260
12791
9266
124915
17399
1990
209.133
95.849
486.038
110.890
219.806
280.403
336.889
107.354
250.612
104.996
167.326
627.175
235.732
84.589
142.575
118.890
130.355
113.921
156.011
415.036
110.894
110.515
426.916
550.603
181.653
75.772
140.657
75.625
217.258
70.845
229.102
101.144
215.103
138.800
462.405
174.867
3418.588
132.710
361.549
650.578
80.575
86.264
884.150
112.997
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
205.473
161.545
645.956
192.542
279.430
231.237
312.147
164.708
399.165
191.973
219.403
962.528
226.689
162.900
196.843
138.314
231.267
164.305
243.274
445.128
196.264
202.735
509.950
440.620
132.568
132.459
119.556
129.501
316.504
134.622
248.154
170.384
285.870
216.903
440.028
160.790
4635.496
194.173
295.549
687.323
130.339
132.459
1211.359
165.939
2007
255.568
201.082
801.101
239.486
346.538
287.185
387.944
204.721
496.287
239.004
272.630
1099.160
281.800
202.810
244.556
171.770
287.924
204.185
302.329
568.794
244.344
252.402
613.138
545.787
164.735
164.910
148.579
161.229
392.998
167.602
307.699
212.127
355.220
269.643
546.075
200.180
5835.338
241 .296
366.981
876.838
162.050
164.910
1536.004
206.254
2020
319.214
251.259
998.862
299.120
432.080
358.386
484.326
255.599
619.735
298.694
340.314
1284.540
351.864
253.453
305.246
214.347
359.828
254.900
377.424
726.670
305.378
315.434
746.731
680.036
205.651
206.090
185.489
201.497
490.370
209.458
383.624
265.095
443.414
336.688
681.159
250.165
7388.124
301.224
457.905
1119.114
202.357
206.090
1957.726
257.520
-------
State County
No. No.
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
FIPS
5135
5137
5139
5141
5143
5145
5147
5149
6001
6003
6005
6007
6009
6011
6013
6015
6017
6019
6021
6023
6025
6027
6029
6031
6033
6035
6037
6039
6041
6043
6045
6047
6049
6051
6053
6055
6057
6059
6061
6063
6065
6067
6069
6071
State
Code
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
County
Sharp, AR
Stone, AR
Union, AR
Van Buren, AR
Washington, AR
White, AR
Woodruff, AR
Yell, AR
Alameda, CA
Alpine, CA
Amador, CA
Butte, CA
Calaveras, CA
Colusa, CA
Contra Costa, CA
Del Norte, CA
El Dorado, CA
Fresno, CA
Glenn, CA
Humboldt, CA
Imperial, CA
Inyo, CA
Kern, CA
Kings, CA
Lake, CA
Lassen, CA
Los Angeles, CA
Madera, CA
Marin, CA
Mariposa, CA
Mendocino, CA
Merced, CA
Modoc, CA
Mono, CA
Monterey, CA
Napa, CA
Nevada, CA
Orange, CA
Placer, CA
Plumas, CA
Riverside, CA
Sacramento, CA
San Benito, CA
San Bernardino, CA
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
U1
U1
R
U2
U2
R
U1
U2
R
R
U1
U2
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U2
U1
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CS
CS
CS
CN
CN
CN
CS
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CS
CN
CN
CS
CN
CN
CS
Population
1990
14109
9775
46719
14008
113409
54676
9520
17759
1304346
1113
30039
182120
31998
16275
803732
23460
125995
667490
24798
119118
109303
18281
544981
101469
50631
27598
8863052
88090
230096
14302
80345
178403
9678
9956
355660
110765
78510
2410668
172796
19739
1170413
1041219
36697
1418380
1996
16284
10773
45664
15325
133608
62078
9037
18899
1361535
1192
33868
192440
38754
18425
88561 1
27596
151385
741981
26139
122779
138791
18297
616659
113486
54654
33029
9104909
110562
234893
15545
83719
193592
10068
10452
361015
118054
88859
2636459
214522
20753
1408166
1113868
45996
1587612
2007
18040
11934
50587
16977
148013
68772
10012
20937
1535158
1344
38187
216980
43696
20774
998545
31115
170690
836598
29473
138436
156490
20631
695295
127958
61624
37241
10265968
124661
264846
17527
94395
218278
11352
11785
407051
133108
100190
2972660
241878
23399
1587735
1255908
51862
1790064
2020
19363
12809
54296
18221
158863
73813
10746
22471
1942290
1700
48314
274524
55284
26284
1263363
39366
215958
1058468
37289
175149
197992
26102
879691
161893
77967
47117
12988552
157721
335085
22175
119428
276167
14362
14911
515003
168409
126761
3761024
306025
29605
2008810
1588981
65616
2264798
1990
122.561
87.971
341.086
130.237
972.986
390.953
91.087
147.027
9409.200
48.261
284.618
1455.456
304.558
449.236
5797.191
211.130
1637.073
5529.017
381.582
1070.186
1252.982
447.499
5342.569
906.292
376.888
465.682
64631.052
936.275
1899.045
208.366
966.029
2141.745
143.076
300.398
3084.493
654.273
873.774
20297.267
2467.230
259.835
13378.886
8104.812
349.000
14242.201
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996 2007
185.427
165.130
467.334
236.639
1646.214
613.686
123.135
248.243
11071.465
26.872
486.868
1155.595
682.811
276.033
6767.166
371.338
1729.413
6409.944
337.130
1106.400
670.730
229.448
4582.644
778.188
769.268
493.853
80080.629
972.226
2221.230
345.312
1330.800
1526.449
157.109
133.632
3054.554
933.568
1299.834
21578.588
2125.505
375.381
11184.657
10066.981
430.780
13743.626
230.579
205.585
580.141
294.612
2178.977
762.408
153.103
308.788
13997.509
35.504
643.127
1540.935
902.075
364.635
8562.549
490.511
2450.768
8464.677
445.281
1460.888
884.886
303.038
6082.975
1027.308
1016.125
652.387
98504.193
1297.851
2680.839
456.222
1757.932
2006.720
207.532
176.501
3954.066
1249.581
1717.030
28539.732
2993.312
495.897
16047.642
14014.023
568.919
19653.745
2020
287.966
256.928
723.769
368.185
2881.532
951.612
191.189
385.706
17813.599
46.731
846.390
2046.822
1187.280
479.891
10902.262
645.542
3418.573
11097.082
585.984
1922.169
1163.710
398.780
8007.695
1351.524
1337.263
858.613
122794.035
1712.517
3271.196
600.477
2313.577
2634.818
273.121
232.255
5157.723
1669.063
2259.738
37347.121
4159.591
652.664
22581.204
19336.895
748.639
27599.705
-------
State County
No. No.
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
FIPS
6073
6075
6077
6079
6081
6083
6085
6087
6089
6091
6093
6095
6097
6099
6101
6103
6105
6107
6109
6111
6113
6115
8001
8003
8005
8007
8009
8011
8013
8015
8017
8019
8021
8023
8025
8027
8029
8031
8033
8035
8037
8039
8041
8043
State
Code
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
County
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Joaquin, CA
San Luis Obispo, CA
San Mateo, CA
Santa Barbara, CA
Santa Clara, CA
Santa Cruz, CA
Shasta, CA
Sierra, CA
Siskiyou, CA
Solano, CA
Sonoma, CA
Stanislaus, CA
Sutter, CA
Tehama, CA
Trinity, CA
Tulare, CA
Tuolumne, CA
Ventura, CA
Yolo, CA
Yuba, CA
Adams, CO
Alamosa, CO
Arapahoe, CO
Archuleta, CO
Baca, CO
Bent, CO
Boulder, CO
Chaffee, CO
Cheyenne, CO
Clear Creek, CO
Conejos, CO
Costilla, CO
Crowley, CO
Custer, CO
Delta, CO
Denver, CO
Dolores, CO
Douglas, CO
Eagle, CO
Elbert, CO
El Paso, CO
Fremont, CO
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
U1
U2
U1
U1
U1
U1
U2
R
R
U1
U1
U1
U2
R
R
U1
R
U1
U1
U2
U1
U2
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
U1
U2
Mapped
Area
CS
CN
CN
CN
CN
CS
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CS
CN
CN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
Population
1990
2498016
723959
480628
217162
649623
369608
1497577
229734
147036
3318
43531
339471
388222
370522
64415
49625
13063
311921
48456
669016
141210
58228
265038
13617
391511
5345
4556
5048
225339
12684
2397
7619
7453
3190
3946
1926
20980
467610
1504
60391
21928
9646
397014
32273
1996
2690559
731114
533665
230987
687666
387257
1593114
238952
160872
3420
44156
366513
422839
414490
75848
53365
13178
347282
52666
717832
151142
61085
308776
14266
452960
8062
4421
5418
256434
14688
2294
8732
7773
3578
4219
3097
25129
494503
1677
116840
30518
16401
468180
41430
2007
3033660
824346
601717
260442
775357
436641
1796268
269423
181386
3856
49787
413251
476760
467346
85521
60170
14858
391567
59382
809370
170415
68874
365983
16909
536879
9556
5240
6422
303944
17409
2719
10349
9213
4241
5001
3671
29784
586119
1988
138487
36172
19440
554919
49105
2020
3838201
1042967
761296
329513
980985
552440
2272647
340875
229491
4879
62990
522847
603199
591288
108201
76127
18799
495412
75131
1024019
215610
87140
403822
18657
592387
10544
5781
7086
335369
19209
3000
11419
10165
4680
5518
4050
32864
646718
2193
152805
39912
21450
612293
54183
1990
22345.061
3050.352
4199.542
2181.333
4738.975
3113.958
10233.506
1742.937
1587.638
89.917
769.818
3118.517
2277.524
3094.552
595.358
731.311
142.269
2556.108
481.479
5600.653
1314.097
480.135
1900.551
130.336
2253.284
76.596
113.275
76.284
1464.303
193.565
45.006
152.764
162.924
64.197
62.463
31.942
376.748
3609.128
34.658
457.343
278.440
143.190
2522.579
268.230
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996 2007
24272.707
6224.497
3984.591
1402.960
5693.320
2865.501
14342.957
2155.048
2361.787
80.111
731.868
3382.678
4151.887
3034.123
680.549
766.116
174.669
3070.591
861.112
5913.237
974.960
647.821
2631.841
160.214
3935.160
136.545
116.388
128.957
1844.138
206.508
61.235
194.637
190.396
81.494
100.806
49.203
441.900
4527.461
38.421
798.147
404.628
246.419
3435.039
339.854
32746.160
7487.116
5179.196
1977.086
6852.282
3720.714
18189.032
2851.366
3299.562
105.840
966.777
4496.068
5653.944
4081.722
886.972
1011.970
230.700
4064.861
1137.534
7894.209
1259.363
845.208
3465.346
215.037
5175.363
183.390
156.319
173.201
2487.746
277.266
82.243
261.411
255.716
109.451
135.389
66.082
593.433
5947.382
51.604
1064.459
543.326
330.958
4629.966
456.079
2020
44130.415
9116.743
6739.864
2718.935
8346.821
4789.676
23147.504
3739.127
4547.640
139.310
1272.358
5980.119
7622.561
5428.009
1150.654
1331.790
303.600
5329.864
1497.113
10498.589
1625.776
1097.164
4566.823
286.256
6815.496
244.222
208.174
230.653
3341.833
369.180
109.524
348.138
340.551
145.757
180.304
88.009
790.242
7826.583
68.714
1413.744
723.477
440.762
6205.406
607.091
-------
State
No.
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
County
No.
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
1
3
5
FIPS
8045
8047
8049
8051
8053
8055
8057
8059
8061
8063
8065
8067
8069
8071
8073
8075
8077
8079
8081
8083
8085
8087
8089
8091
8093
8095
8097
8099
8101
8103
8105
8107
8109
8111
8113
8115
8117
8119
8121
8123
8125
9001
9003
9005
State
Code
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CT
CT
CT
County
Garfield, CO
Gilpin, CO
Grand, CO
Gunnison, CO
Hinsdale, CO
Huerfano, CO
Jackson, CO
Jefferson, CO
Kiowa, CO
Kit Carson, CO
Lake, CO
La Plata, CO
Larimer, CO
Las Animas, CO
Lincoln, CO
Logan, CO
Mesa, CO
Mineral, CO
Moffat, CO
Montezuma, CO
Montrose, CO
Morgan, CO
Otero, CO
Ouray, CO
Park, CO
Phillips, CO
Pitkin, CO
Prowers, CO
Pueblo, CO
Rio Blanco, CO
Rio Grande, CO
Routt, CO
Saguache, CO
San Juan, CO
San Miguel, CO
Sedgwick, CO
Summit, CO
Teller, CO
Washington, CO
Weld, CO
Yuma, CO
Fair-field, CT
Hartford, CT
Litchfield, CT
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
U1
U1
Mapped
Area
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
NY
PA
NY
Population
1990
29974
3070
7966
10273
467
6009
1605
438430
1688
7140
6007
32284
186136
13765
4529
17567
93145
558
11357
18672
24423
21939
20185
2295
7174
4189
12661
13347
123051
6051
10770
14088
4619
745
3653
2690
12881
12468
4812
131821
8954
827645
851783
174092
1996
36534
3839
9575
11923
665
6620
1543
488338
1669
7169
6278
39022
220323
14385
5456
18026
108176
661
12158
21755
29442
24690
20762
3071
11936
4312
13446
13608
131494
6253
11313
16781
5722
584
5084
2616
17670
18744
4653
152188
9312
832505
828947
180083
2007
43302
4550
11349
14132
788
7847
1829
578812
1978
8497
7441
46252
261142
17050
6467
21365
128217
783
14410
25786
34896
29265
24608
3640
14148
5110
15937
16130
155856
7412
13408
19890
6782
692
6025
3101
20944
22217
5516
180383
11038
852322
848679
184370
2020
47779
5021
12522
15593
870
8658
2018
638656
2183
9376
8210
51034
288142
18813
7136
23574
141474
864
15900
28452
38504
32291
27153
4016
15610
5639
17585
17797
171970
8178
14795
21947
7484
764
6648
3422
23109
24514
6086
199033
12179
920334
916400
199082
1990
336.913
51.027
156.257
124.929
8.528
67.445
38.947
3098.662
40.467
105.939
118.527
378.698
1439.269
146.856
97.481
220.023
842.460
16.808
136.034
224.310
360.522
251.790
247.947
40.243
1 1 1 .482
94.943
153.466
141.872
917.453
130.753
153.275
193.379
82.256
17.411
66.727
68.271
184.954
123.088
110.874
1505.523
154.299
6906.317
7231.961
915.068
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
413.191
78.426
203.502
147.349
11.931
71.586
41.001
4682.892
43.121
109.417
86.529
516.165
1779.440
138.648
115.699
191.441
997.717
14.254
89.274
296.178
404.119
232.056
222.671
58.630
183.267
107.013
198.101
133.853
1005.416
152.562
167.793
193.695
117.999
19.033
93.321
68.720
329.061
204.069
122.928
1768.892
161.220
7232.493
7679.935
1174.496
2007
554.675
105.334
273.316
197.814
16.023
96.084
55.068
6173.860
57.916
146.899
116.165
693.013
2473.544
186.053
155.392
256.921
1305.775
19.146
119.747
397.651
542.595
311.417
298.841
78.742
246.143
143.726
265.970
179.618
1192.359
204.903
225.275
260.018
158.482
25.562
125.336
92.294
441.952
273.994
165.103
2347.382
216.476
8791.108
9433.033
1454.348
2020
738.476
140.267
363.996
263.368
21.349
127.898
73.338
8142.603
77.132
195.577
154.665
922.725
3415.574
247.654
206.947
342.003
1697.810
25.489
159.360
529.456
722.466
414.526
397.800
104.864
327.802
191.411
354.129
239.075
1436.978
272.874
299.943
346.193
211.050
34.034
166.914
122.917
588.576
364.816
219.873
3088.859
288.256
10938.557
11794.603
1824.232
-------
State
No.
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
County
No.
7
9
11
13
15
1
3
5
1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
FIPS
9007
9009
9011
9013
9015
10001
10003
10005
11001
12001
12003
12005
12007
12009
12011
12013
12015
12017
12019
12021
12023
12025
12027
12029
12031
12033
12035
12037
12039
12041
12043
12045
12047
12049
12051
12053
12055
12057
12059
12061
12063
12065
12067
12069
State
Code
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
DE
DE
DE
DC
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
County
Middlesex, CT
New Haven, CT
New London, CT
Tolland, CT
Windham, CT
Kent, DE
New Castle, DE
Sussex, DE
District of Columbia,
Alachua, FL
Baker, FL
Bay, FL
Bradford, FL
Brevard, FL
Broward, FL
Calhoun, FL
Charlotte, FL
Citrus, FL
Clay, FL
Collier, FL
Columbia, FL
Dade, FL
DeSoto, FL
Dixie, FL
Duval, FL
Escambia, FL
Flagler, FL
Franklin, FL
Gadsden, FL
Gilchrist, FL
Glades, FL
Gulf, FL
Hamilton, FL
Hardee, FL
Hendry, FL
Hernando, FL
Highlands, FL
Hillsborough, FL
Holmes, FL
Indian River, FL
Jackson, FL
Jefferson, FL
Lafayette, FL
Lake, FL
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U2
U1
R
DCU1
U2
R
U2
R
U1
U1
R
U2
R
U1
U2
R
U1
R
R
U1
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U2
U1
R
DCU1
U2
R
U2
R
U1
U1
R
U2
R
U1
U2
R
U1
R
R
U1
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
PA
NY
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
Population
1990
143196
804219
254957
128699
102525
110993
441946
113229
606900
181596
18486
126994
22515
398978
1255531
11011
110975
93513
105986
152099
42613
1937194
23865
10585
672971
262798
28701
8967
41116
9667
7591
11504
10930
19499
25773
101115
68432
834054
15778
90208
41375
11296
5578
152104
1996
148179
793917
253244
130691
104757
121035
470139
131062
540098
195936
20436
143476
24342
452120
1440011
12148
130437
109748
131009
189498
51393
2029256
25917
12280
724100
279775
43638
9966
44823
12838
9397
13580
12294
21740
30797
122048
75651
898674
18010
97928
45087
12955
6187
189913
2007
151707
812815
259272
133802
107251
134217
521342
145336
534379
227865
23766
166856
28308
525795
1674669
14127
151693
127632
152357
220378
59767
2359934
30140
14282
842096
325365
50750
11591
52127
14931
10928
15793
14297
25282
35815
141937
87979
1045118
20945
113886
52434
15067
7196
220860
2020
163812
877675
279961
144479
115809
140892
547267
152563
615719
267120
27860
195601
33185
616377
1963174
16561
177826
149620
178605
258343
70064
2766494
35333
16742
987169
381418
59492
13587
61108
17503
12811
18514
16760
29638
41985
166389
103135
1225166
24553
133506
61468
17662
8435
258909
1990
1256.860
6055.841
2155.069
1049.663
734.241
1205.669
3898.965
1902.655
3136.300
1906.976
253.167
1163.195
189.281
3123.533
8190.810
95.097
809.223
449.842
447.098
1166.625
771.526
11679.388
198.593
83.134
5914.323
2180.633
397.787
71.743
506.438
69.728
77.753
78.686
351.194
124.898
142.373
754.294
416.323
6480.339
207.785
799.427
643.132
245.777
52.340
1080.672
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
1298.312
6274.963
2586.898
1103.598
707.749
1371.140
4687.206
1585.696
3306.832
2141.480
248.600
1588.128
296.267
4007.588
12332.745
186.975
1103.229
1110.602
1278.653
1430.794
505.136
14589.632
230.156
179.741
7550.319
3209.330
189.252
107.691
503.258
164.152
128.900
128.758
185.600
277.541
247.735
1006.215
883.048
7660.187
224.170
896.952
554.921
150.253
94.718
1501.160
2007
1607.094
7628.494
3183.042
1370.178
880.502
1742.709
5898.284
2035.803
4271.816
2847.656
341.670
2104.890
407.175
5525.583
16503.497
257.015
1681.786
1526.233
1704.042
2147.864
694.178
18325.694
316.225
247.072
9970.077
4105.979
266.664
147.995
698.336
225.646
177.186
176.931
255.124
381.463
340.377
1352.641
1213.603
10204.083
308.108
1215.820
762.672
206.501
130.199
2210.250
2020
2018.804
9492.894
3988.774
1724.276
1107.576
2226.366
7478.722
2614.127
5562.260
3804.797
466.973
2799.107
556.501
7589.852
22271.491
351.305
2512.292
2085.823
2283.216
3168.782
948.699
23050.577
432.113
337.709
13284.924
5291.247
370.583
202.253
964.320
308.415
242.193
241.796
348.717
521.374
465.116
1814.540
1658.634
13612.342
421.109
1648.021
1042.369
282.230
177.972
3206.377
-------
State
No.
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
County
No.
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
FIPS
12071
12073
12075
12077
12079
12081
12083
12085
12087
12089
12091
12093
12095
12097
12099
12101
12103
12105
12107
12109
12111
12113
12115
12117
12119
12121
12123
12125
12127
12129
12131
12133
13001
13003
13005
13007
13009
13011
13013
13015
13017
13019
13021
13023
State
Code
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
County
Lee, FL
Leon, FL
Levy, FL
Liberty, FL
Madison, FL
Manatee, FL
Marion, FL
Martin, FL
Monroe, FL
Nassau, FL
Okaloosa, FL
Okeechobee, FL
Orange, FL
Osceola, FL
Palm Beach, FL
Pasco, FL
Pinellas, FL
Polk, FL
Putnam, FL
St. Johns, FL
St. Lucie, FL
Santa Rosa, FL
Sarasota, FL
Seminole, FL
Sumter, FL
Suwannee, FL
Taylor, FL
Union, FL
Volusia, FL
Wakulla, FL
Walton, FL
Washington, FL
Appling, GA
Atkinson, GA
Bacon, GA
Baker, GA
Baldwin, GA
Banks, GA
Barrow, GA
Bartow, GA
Ben Hill, GA
Berrien, GA
Bibb, GA
Bleckley, GA
Urban/
Rural
U1
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
U2
U1
U2
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
U1
R
Mapped
Area
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
335113
192493
25912
5569
16569
211707
194835
100900
78024
43941
143777
29627
677491
107728
863503
281131
851659
405382
65070
83829
150171
81608
277776
287521
31577
26780
17111
10252
370737
14202
27759
16919
15744
6213
9566
3615
39530
10308
29721
55915
16245
14153
150137
10430
1996
379666
211930
31348
6541
17417
233506
231240
113917
81363
52645
164180
32606
768762
137214
996378
314664
868894
442465
69664
108582
175361
109785
298234
336556
38306
32177
18488
12058
412788
18462
36463
19749
16300
6958
10234
3716
41595
12129
37645
67286
17182
15709
155141
11045
2007
441534
246466
36456
7607
20255
271557
268922
132481
94621
61224
190934
37919
894036
159573
1158743
365940
1010484
514568
81016
126276
203937
127675
346833
391400
44549
37421
21501
14023
480055
21470
42405
22968
19044
8129
11956
4342
48595
14170
43981
78610
20074
18352
181251
12903
2020
517600
288926
42737
8917
23744
318340
315251
155304
110922
71772
223827
44451
1048057
187064
1358367
428983
1184566
603215
94974
148030
239070
149670
406584
458829
52223
43868
25205
16439
562756
25169
49711
26924
21186
9043
13301
4830
54062
15764
48928
87453
22332
20417
201640
14355
1990
2500.721
1503.178
202.871
68.641
314.569
1442.705
1956.260
1098.275
669.873
561.407
1220.432
183.392
5476.736
1335.519
5748.220
1626.295
5214.478
3543.012
356.359
766.041
2096.173
1882.635
1005.581
1463.368
606.010
418.322
185.201
68.036
3171.235
109.632
481.420
243.268
155.479
85.823
76.330
45.733
277.031
142.330
245.559
1017.341
119.325
118.880
1542.745
96.156
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
3250.893
2194.260
440.191
94.566
226.025
1842.233
2883.286
984.433
384.184
421.362
1605.571
356.486
7952.857
651.412
7919.972
3023.376
7508.295
4930.908
936.960
790.194
1969.599
1105.353
2190.230
3425.590
435.639
350.478
172.804
174.085
3685.421
241.160
382.984
223.637
191.944
95.943
98.911
55.825
308.794
159.178
318.742
708.305
136.106
154.833
2129.876
102.566
2007
4611.456
3001.484
605.088
129.990
310.648
2606.779
4138.499
1434.146
527.309
567.037
2184.213
489.902
11508.377
958.474
10855.736
4052.602
9963.782
6458.764
1287.804
1059.113
2858.585
1428.263
3094.564
4957.423
598.745
481.678
237.437
239.300
5124.205
331.499
526.184
307.358
251 .262
125.699
129.388
73.137
403.330
208.546
435.103
966.641
177.847
202.593
2614.384
134.136
2020
6505.879
4109.545
827.062
177.684
424.580
3672.758
5874.712
2053.707
720.122
764.190
2973.044
669.535
16521.077
1389.896
14873.902
5426.939
13260.606
8483.898
1760.142
1423.944
4084.193
1851.628
4356.064
7117.020
818.335
658.325
324.469
327.084
7064.837
453.111
719.004
420.073
327.833
164.089
168.755
95.473
525.558
272.246
588.198
1306.562
231.804
264.267
3250.489
174.924
-------
State
No.
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
County
No.
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
FIPS
13025
13027
13029
13031
13033
13035
13037
13039
13043
13045
13047
13049
13051
13053
13055
13057
13059
13061
13063
13065
13067
13069
13071
13073
13075
13077
13079
13081
13083
13085
13087
13089
13091
13093
13095
13097
13099
13101
13103
13105
13107
13109
13111
13113
State
Code
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
County
Brantley, GA
Brooks, GA
Bryan, GA
Bulloch, GA
Burke, GA
Butts, GA
Calhoun, GA
Camden, GA
Candler, GA
Carroll, GA
Catoosa, GA
Charlton, GA
Chatham, GA
Chattahoochee, GA
Chattooga, GA
Cherokee, GA
Clarke, GA
Clay, GA
Clayton, GA
Clinch, GA
Cobb, GA
Coffee, GA
Colquitt, GA
Columbia, GA
Cook, GA
Coweta, GA
Crawford, GA
Crisp, GA
Dade, GA
Dawson, GA
Decatur, GA
DeKalb, GA
Dodge, GA
Dooly, GA
Dougherty, GA
Douglas, GA
Early, GA
Echols, GA
Effingham, GA
Elbert, GA
Emanuel, GA
Evans, GA
Fannin, GA
Fayette, GA
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
U2
U2
R
U1
U2
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
AT
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
U2
U2
R
U1
U2
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
AT
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
Population
1990
11077
15398
15438
43125
20579
15326
5013
30167
7744
71422
42464
8496
216774
16934
22242
90204
87594
3364
181436
6160
447745
29592
36645
66031
13456
53853
8991
20011
13147
9429
25517
546171
17607
9901
96321
71120
11854
2334
25687
18949
20546
8724
15992
62415
1996
13051
16487
21999
48902
22418
16937
5063
43012
8743
79976
48552
9161
224625
16408
22825
121605
90549
3447
200945
6572
536300
33288
39192
85558
14460
76829
10751
20569
14447
13240
26457
581793
18112
10340
95874
84434
12109
2409
33724
19108
20942
9600
17790
81814
2007
15247
19261
25702
57132
26191
19787
5915
50251
10214
93436
56724
10703
262429
19169
26666
142070
105789
4027
234764
7678
626558
38890
45787
99957
16893
89759
12560
24031
16879
15468
30910
679708
21160
12080
112010
98644
14147
2815
39399
22323
24466
11216
20784
95583
2020
16963
21428
28593
63559
29138
22013
6580
55904
11363
103947
63104
11907
291951
21325
29666
158052
117689
4480
261173
8542
697041
43265
50938
111201
18794
99856
13973
26734
18777
17208
34387
756169
23540
13439
124610
109741
15739
3132
43831
24835
27219
12477
23122
106335
1990
100.718
156.119
302.696
416.616
209.329
190.469
51.818
512.190
114.544
705.870
543.010
118.688
1943.630
54.908
151.715
644.016
702.801
27.216
1751.812
78.184
3875.894
258.469
266.751
515.429
298.957
678.366
92.523
342.242
201.832
81.992
243.491
5295.297
144.545
289.334
784.803
785.442
135.909
27.877
209.492
156.056
226.476
75.597
118.612
416.662
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
171.055
167.265
198.582
454.693
241.820
182.355
77.412
253.232
70.189
803.038
594.352
131.199
2633.090
170.892
276.510
1389.374
1294.514
51.949
3129.365
61.106
7682.065
317.535
367.871
819.585
139.740
659.827
138.843
171.487
201.848
145.604
251.209
9397.459
203.229
116.810
1128.595
1190.830
108.499
36.043
359.517
216.903
219.190
134.719
246.953
597.140
2007
224.104
218.850
254.358
594.847
316.506
238.688
101.421
330.901
91.756
1096.431
747.017
171.887
3313.140
205.878
361.990
1883.586
1650.366
68.059
4197.315
79.918
10306.289
415.444
481.153
1053.752
182.802
901.215
181.902
224.110
256.147
190.763
328.537
12600.254
265.976
152.889
1385.966
1603.791
141.845
47.221
460.629
283.863
286.771
176.499
323.542
814.189
2020
292.552
285.467
325.611
775.856
412.934
311.420
132.392
431.291
119.624
1482.397
946.041
224.382
4195.546
251.205
472.349
2535.947
2124.017
88.852
5614.821
104.216
13788.967
541.886
627.480
1361.947
238.413
1218.708
237.456
292.122
326.266
249.021
428.423
16852.121
346.993
199.470
1725.368
2150.732
184.932
61.638
589.793
370.323
374.042
230.409
422.360
1099.905
-------
State
No.
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
County
No.
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
FIPS
13115
13117
13119
13121
13123
13125
13127
13129
13131
13133
13135
13137
13139
13141
13143
13145
13147
13149
13151
13153
13155
13157
13159
13161
13163
13165
13167
13169
13171
13173
13175
13177
13179
13181
13183
13185
13187
13189
13191
13193
13195
13197
13199
13201
State
Code
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
County
Floyd, GA
Forsyth, GA
Franklin, GA
Fulton, GA
Gilmer, GA
Glascock, GA
Glynn, GA
Gordon, GA
Grady, GA
Greene, GA
Gwinnett, GA
Habersham, GA
Hall, GA
Hancock, GA
Haralson, GA
Harris, GA
Hart, GA
Heard, GA
Henry, GA
Houston, GA
Irwin, GA
Jackson, GA
Jasper, GA
Jeff Davis, GA
Jefferson, GA
Jenkins, GA
Johnson, GA
Jones, GA
Lamar, GA
Lanier, GA
Laurens, GA
Lee, GA
Liberty, GA
Lincoln, GA
Long, GA
Lowndes, GA
Lumpkin, GA
McDuffie, GA
Mclntosh, GA
Macon, GA
Madison, GA
Marion, GA
Meriwether, GA
Miller, GA
Urban/
Rural
U2
U1
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
AT
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
81251
44083
16650
648779
13368
2357
62496
35067
20279
11793
352910
27622
95434
8908
21966
17788
19712
8628
58741
89208
8649
30005
8453
12032
17408
8247
8329
20739
13038
5531
39988
16250
52745
7442
6202
75981
14573
20119
8634
13114
21050
5590
22411
6280
1996
84156
71225
18247
712003
17245
2471
66057
39544
21334
13171
479687
30686
113102
8978
23841
21593
21229
9777
92480
101495
8922
35552
9670
12533
17783
8389
8341
22363
14438
6634
43000
21071
58978
8002
8037
82837
17614
21378
9749
13233
23935
6394
22837
6280
2007
98319
83212
21318
831831
20147
2887
77174
46199
24925
15388
560417
35851
132137
10489
27854
25227
24802
11423
108044
118577
10424
41536
11298
14642
20775
9801
9745
26127
16868
7751
50237
24617
68904
9348
9390
96779
20579
24976
11390
15460
27963
7470
26680
7337
2020
109379
92573
23716
925406
22414
3212
85855
51396
27728
17119
623459
39884
147002
11669
30987
28065
27592
12708
120198
131915
11597
46208
12568
16289
23112
10904
10841
29066
18765
8623
55888
27386
76655
10400
10446
107665
22893
27786
12671
17199
31109
8310
29682
8162
1990
796.350
440.107
322.270
7425.434
155.443
19.172
684.247
548.042
188.784
197.193
3086.164
256.772
868.835
70.506
226.830
235.705
164.011
70.664
819.573
813.416
89.170
487.625
74.257
117.830
172.554
74.055
79.310
181.621
148.274
48.270
480.607
126.040
396.275
60.970
67.263
807.182
129.315
241.103
309.862
96.527
179.365
52.392
201.854
58.398
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
1222.696
643.461
228.680
11119.089
206.433
36.397
821.124
446.517
192.761
144.002
5799.866
384.160
1233.004
137.560
244.810
264.827
235.508
133.236
846.749
924.768
91.414
375.333
130.533
129.809
268.821
76.610
128.618
314.746
138.084
85.413
366.515
237.489
342.873
114.922
95.773
642.768
183.547
219.247
133.328
142.466
325.061
86.322
293.137
96.978
2007
1582.162
879.413
299.482
14913.176
270.456
47.686
1059.764
584.609
252.052
188.505
7792.801
503.125
1614.417
180.222
320.350
324.018
308.264
174.557
1153.251
1138.214
119.592
491.378
171.017
169.839
352.190
100.163
168.507
391.406
180.648
111.899
479.159
295.680
447.287
150.562
125.477
839.947
240.301
284.974
174.678
186.407
421.136
113.093
383.832
127.053
2020
2050.071
1189.667
390.869
19949.178
353.051
62.253
1370.989
762.862
328.656
245.963
10435.548
656.657
2106.735
235.267
417.894
399.079
402.208
227.875
1556.934
1417.466
155.972
641.183
223.258
221.533
459.764
130.595
219.983
490.463
235.626
146.085
624.710
371.149
582.406
196.553
163.789
1094.812
313.566
370.726
228.045
243.146
547.252
147.640
500.901
165.856
-------
State
No.
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
County
No.
205
207
209
211
213
215
217
219
221
223
225
227
229
231
233
235
237
239
241
243
245
247
249
251
253
255
257
259
261
263
265
267
269
271
273
275
277
279
281
283
285
287
289
291
FIPS
13205
13207
13209
13211
13213
13215
13217
13219
13221
13223
13225
13227
13229
13231
13233
13235
13237
13239
13241
13243
13245
13247
13249
13251
13253
13255
13257
13259
13261
13263
13265
13267
13269
13271
13273
13275
13277
13279
13281
13283
13285
13287
13289
13291
State
Code
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
County
Mitchell, GA
Monroe, GA
Montgomery, GA
Morgan, GA
Murray, GA
Muscogee, GA
Newton, GA
Oconee, GA
Oglethorpe, GA
Paulding, GA
Peach, GA
Pickens, GA
Pierce, GA
Pike, GA
Polk, GA
Pulaski, GA
Putnam, GA
Quitman, GA
Rabun, GA
Randolph, GA
Richmond, GA
Rockdale, GA
Schley, GA
Screven, GA
Seminole, GA
Spalding, GA
Stephens, GA
Stewart, GA
Sumter, GA
Talbot, GA
Taliaferro, GA
Tattnall, GA
Taylor, GA
Telfair, GA
Terrell, GA
Thomas, GA
lift, GA
Toombs, GA
Towns, GA
Treutlen, GA
Troup, GA
Turner, GA
Twiggs, GA
Union, GA
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
AT
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
20275
17113
7379
12883
26147
179280
41808
17618
9763
41611
21189
14432
13328
10224
33815
8108
14137
2210
11648
8023
189719
54091
3590
13842
9010
54457
23436
5654
30232
6524
1915
17722
7642
11000
10653
38943
34998
24072
6754
5994
55532
8703
9806
11993
1996
20967
18961
7694
14321
31116
182271
53242
22287
11032
65055
23644
17982
15175
12067
35526
8304
16472
2411
13018
7916
192615
65199
3800
14322
9708
56613
24981
5454
31477
6842
1865
18865
8133
11399
11034
42043
36621
25394
7965
5964
58116
9086
9863
15149
2007
24495
22152
8989
16732
36353
212946
62203
26038
12888
76003
27623
21009
17729
14098
41505
9702
19244
2816
15209
9248
225032
76172
4440
16732
11342
66141
29186
6372
36775
7993
2179
22040
9502
13317
12890
49119
42785
29667
9306
6968
67897
10615
11522
17699
2020
27251
24644
10001
18614
40442
236901
69200
28967
14338
84553
30730
23372
19723
15684
46174
10793
21409
3133
16919
10288
250346
84740
4939
18615
12617
73581
32469
7089
40912
8893
2424
24520
10571
14815
14341
54645
47598
33005
10352
7752
75535
11809
12819
19689
1990
175.663
556.620
67.480
286.204
208.228
1167.879
385.688
141.412
87.402
268.252
319.525
150.787
119.284
91.253
269.753
70.856
133.912
25.940
104.497
67.186
1537.066
419.913
31.067
129.000
74.516
399.168
176.458
77.655
220.876
76.403
81.207
138.266
79.608
101.524
107.272
324.018
453.522
201.051
55.946
1 1 1 .748
651.325
231.467
201.290
109.260
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
194.805
207.393
109.241
152.533
365.448
1692.824
512.015
271.396
150.763
607.633
217.914
222.864
160.402
157.882
371.155
78.208
155.186
34.111
179.872
74.189
2182.698
874.237
55.407
175.523
102.345
504.002
248.996
87.312
246.765
98.919
29.571
224.686
118.010
129.691
93.950
369.416
312.404
165.588
104.297
55.292
442.832
70.074
151.427
185.200
2007
254.739
271.480
143.114
199.648
478.627
2033.026
699.325
351.294
197.520
830.448
271.450
304.641
209.964
206.847
485.646
102.273
203.058
44.693
235.657
96.997
2792.526
1184.870
72.592
229.803
133.933
687.508
325.767
114.388
322.397
129.591
38.743
294.167
154.609
169.748
122.799
483.036
408.361
216.101
136.644
72.286
578.478
91.546
188.924
242.636
2020
332.172
354.212
186.819
260.470
624.695
2476.007
945.698
456.260
257.842
1123.434
340.488
412.166
273.953
270.016
633.493
133.350
264.871
58.336
307.625
126.462
3598.578
1594.966
94.760
299.865
174.733
929.025
424.923
149.334
420.168
169.174
50.583
383.869
201.837
221 .466
160.086
629.834
532.352
281.452
178.377
94.251
753.846
119.288
237.194
316.746
-------
State
No.
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
County
No.
293
295
297
299
301
303
305
307
309
311
313
315
317
319
321
1
3
5
7
9
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
FIPS
13293
13295
13297
13299
13301
13303
13305
13307
13309
13311
13313
13315
13317
13319
13321
15001
15003
15005
15007
15009
16001
16003
16005
16007
16009
16011
16013
16015
16017
16019
16021
16023
16025
16027
16029
16031
16033
16035
16037
16039
16041
16043
16045
16047
State
Code
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
County
Upson, GA
Walker, GA
Walton, GA
Ware, GA
Warren, GA
Washington, GA
Wayne, GA
Webster, GA
Wheeler, GA
White, GA
Whitfield, GA
Wilcox, GA
Wilkes, GA
Wilkinson, GA
Worth, GA
Hawaii, HI
Honolulu, HI
Kalawao, HI
Kauai, HI
Maui, HI
Ada, ID
Adams, ID
Bannock, ID
Bear Lake, ID
Benewah, ID
Bingham, ID
Elaine, ID
Boise, ID
Bonner, ID
Bonneville, ID
Boundary, ID
Butte, ID
Camas, ID
Canyon, ID
Caribou, ID
Cassia, ID
Clark, ID
Clearwater, ID
Custer, ID
Elmore, ID
Franklin, ID
Fremont, ID
Gem, ID
Gooding, ID
Urban/
Rural
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
U2
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
ID
ID
ID
ID
SP
ID
ID
ID
SP
ID
SP
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
Population
1990
26300
58340
38586
35471
6078
19112
22356
2263
4903
13006
72462
7008
10597
10228
19744
120317
836231
130
51177
100374
205775
3254
66026
6084
7937
37583
13552
3509
26622
72207
8332
2918
727
90076
6963
19532
762
8505
4133
21205
9232
10937
11844
11633
1996
27098
61347
49689
35768
6044
19872
24681
2256
4947
16282
80052
7265
10556
10769
21987
138438
865053
88
55674
116153
258398
3773
72732
6507
8820
41044
16690
4809
33607
79139
9661
3109
826
112875
7320
21168
826
9319
4226
24355
10590
11692
14081
13290
2007
31659
71671
58051
41787
7061
23217
28834
2636
5779
19022
93525
8488
12332
12581
25688
159555
997008
101
64166
133871
324860
4743
91440
8180
11088
51601
20983
6046
42251
99494
12145
3909
1039
141908
9203
26613
1039
11716
5314
30619
13313
14699
17703
16708
2020
35220
79734
64581
46488
7855
25828
32078
2932
6429
21162
104045
9443
13720
13997
28577
193940
1211867
123
77994
162721
361925
5284
101872
9113
12354
57488
23377
6736
47071
110846
13531
4355
1158
158099
10253
29649
1157
13053
5920
34113
14832
16377
19723
18614
1990
181.729
400.269
324.458
305.891
136.373
160.659
206.499
39.056
57.550
115.282
857.192
58.778
126.848
107.221
221.202
1303.243
5399.338
3.113
545.380
814.333
1557.533
52.656
482.934
76.310
101.015
433.246
154.829
47.183
333.157
571.698
114.678
52.579
12.869
866.620
94.116
215.818
12.556
124.362
53.260
192.361
100.331
136.277
139.830
155.737
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
284.513
706.195
396.432
331.433
93.858
211.318
225.861
34.945
75.714
200.843
829.012
108.221
106.623
157.944
228.928
913.323
6172.309
2.284
435.595
482.966
2767.099
65.718
769.324
80.688
160.297
510.689
168.319
70.868
448.913
851.333
168.271
58.931
14.681
1025.631
87.835
251.592
15.388
123.100
83.471
193.256
123.529
169.741
161.128
187.089
2007
372.256
889.158
541.052
433.339
122.968
276.515
295.423
45.783
99.194
263.131
1084.933
141.782
139.459
206.929
299.617
1193.196
7687.797
2.990
569.273
629.798
3712.992
85.444
986.222
104.705
208.411
662.777
218.335
92.140
583.230
1093.302
218.783
76.621
19.090
1394.586
113.945
326.418
20.008
159.815
108.526
250.128
160.304
220.442
209.114
243.014
2020
485.566
1127.262
731.340
565.013
160.515
360.707
385.277
59.773
129.498
343.494
1415.384
185.083
181.873
270.122
390.883
1559.040
9657.241
3.909
743.968
821.997
4907.852
109.490
1253.193
134.008
267.059
848.392
279.389
118.072
747.037
1390.752
280.348
98.184
24.462
1858.214
145.813
417.766
25.648
204.615
139.060
319.654
205.191
282.297
267.680
311.230
-------
State County
No. No.
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
FIPS
16049
16051
16053
16055
16057
16059
16061
16063
16065
16067
16069
16071
16073
16075
16077
16079
16081
16083
16085
16087
17001
17003
17005
17007
17009
17011
17013
17015
17017
17019
17021
17023
17025
17027
17029
17031
17033
17035
17037
17039
17041
17043
17045
17047
State
Code
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
County
Idaho, ID
Jefferson, ID
Jerome, ID
Kootenai, ID
Latah, ID
Lemhi, ID
Lewis, ID
Lincoln, ID
Madison, ID
Minidoka, ID
Nez Perce, ID
Oneida, ID
Owyhee, ID
Payette, ID
Power, ID
Shoshone, ID
Teton, ID
Twin Falls, ID
Valley, ID
Washington, ID
Adams, IL
Alexander, IL
Bond, IL
Boone, IL
Brown, IL
Bureau, IL
Calhoun, IL
Carroll, IL
Cass, IL
Champaign, IL
Christian, IL
Clark, IL
Clay, IL
Clinton, IL
Coles, IL
Cook, IL
Crawford, IL
Cumberland, IL
DeKalb, IL
De Witt, IL
Douglas, IL
DuPage, IL
Edgar, IL
Edwards, IL
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
U2
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ID
ID
ID
SP
SP
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
SP
ID
ID
ID
ID
ND
ND
ND
Ml
ND
Ml
ND
Ml
ND
Ml
ND
ND
ND
SL
ND
CH
ND
ND
Ml
ND
ND
CH
ND
ND
Population
1990
13768
16543
15138
69795
30617
6899
3516
3308
23674
19361
33754
3492
8392
16434
7086
13931
3439
53580
6109
8550
66090
10626
14991
30806
5836
35688
5322
16805
13437
173025
34418
15921
14460
33944
51644
5105044
19464
10670
77932
16516
19464
781689
19595
7440
1996
14894
18599
17304
94628
32258
7912
3988
3735
23532
20470
36381
3938
9965
19679
8121
13975
5043
60195
7815
9870
67599
10114
16773
36905
6272
35618
5012
16922
13254
169123
34581
17336
14451
35164
51359
5080823
20841
11100
82792
16743
19737
857708
19861
7087
2007
18725
23383
21755
118967
40556
9947
5014
4695
29584
25735
45739
4951
12528
24741
10210
17569
6340
75678
9825
12409
70447
10540
17480
38460
6537
37118
5223
17634
13812
176248
36038
18066
15060
36645
53523
5294852
21718
11568
86280
17448
20568
893839
20697
7385
2020
20862
26051
24237
132541
45183
11082
5586
5231
32960
28672
50957
5515
13957
27564
11375
19574
7063
84313
10946
13824
74714
11179
18538
40790
6932
39367
5539
18703
14649
186924
38221
19161
15972
38865
56765
5615597
23034
12269
91506
18505
21814
947985
21951
7833
1990
193.727
213.124
160.870
641.356
278.310
82.512
64.787
54.057
184.680
219.594
227.761
51.261
130.138
189.951
69.466
266.476
45.578
518.290
88.167
88.220
412.074
108.480
225.654
356.025
34.319
434.132
26.135
106.483
72.686
1377.467
215.611
273.625
134.486
310.902
436.996
29914.397
116.759
237.778
559.671
175.685
235.934
6293.370
116.814
46.258
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
223.621
288.608
194.937
804.491
304.097
89.426
71.010
66.808
235.433
247.613
205.179
70.525
169.485
237.012
78.937
237.385
69.452
554.254
123.377
95.112
442.377
94.834
165.173
245.429
93.218
377.732
85.006
209.402
133.179
1226.262
288.117
154.093
152.858
351.761
224.647
43894.944
206.729
170.431
421.324
148.871
163.101
6680.001
174.094
118.837
2007
290.479
375.019
252.917
1043.042
393.856
116.029
92.322
86.861
304.927
321 .242
264.460
91.692
220.360
307.693
102.311
308.427
90.302
718.067
160.411
123.285
547.015
117.309
204.366
307.023
115.371
467.347
105.209
259.119
164.764
1514.505
356.377
190.634
189.122
431.392
277.549
53654.249
255.774
210.934
524.563
184.156
201.742
8167.751
215.357
147.081
2020
372.029
480.398
323.675
1334.360
503.535
148.506
118.312
111.303
389.844
411.118
337.143
117.505
282.369
393.948
130.872
395.065
115.713
918.212
205.557
157.695
680.208
145.913
254.226
384.319
143.539
581.342
130.906
322.351
204.951
1886.114
443.239
237.114
235.254
533.132
344.960
66397.180
318.175
262.434
656.328
229.050
250.914
10109.513
267.856
182.992
-------
State County
No. No.
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
FIPS
17049
17051
17053
17055
17057
17059
17061
17063
17065
17067
17069
17071
17073
17075
17077
17079
17081
17083
17085
17087
17089
17091
17093
17095
17097
17099
17101
17103
17105
17107
17109
17111
17113
17115
17117
17119
17121
17123
17125
17127
17129
17131
17133
17135
State
Code
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
County
Effingham, IL
Fayette, IL
Ford, IL
Franklin, IL
Fulton, IL
Gallatin, IL
Greene, IL
Grundy, IL
Hamilton, IL
Hancock, IL
Hardin, IL
Henderson, IL
Henry, IL
Iroquois, IL
Jackson, IL
Jasper, IL
Jefferson, IL
Jersey, IL
Jo Daviess, IL
Johnson, IL
Kane, IL
Kankakee, IL
Kendall, IL
Knox, IL
Lake, IL
La Salle, IL
Lawrence, IL
Lee, IL
Livingston, IL
Logan, IL
McDonough, IL
McHenry, IL
McLean, IL
Macon, IL
Macoupin, IL
Madison, IL
Marion, IL
Marshall, IL
Mason, IL
Massac, IL
Menard, IL
Mercer, IL
Monroe, IL
Montgomery, IL
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
U2
U1
U2
U1
U2
R
R
R
U2
U2
U1
U2
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
Ml
ND
Ml
ND
ND
CH
ND
Ml
ND
Ml
Ml
Ml
ND
ND
ND
SL
Ml
ND
CH
Ml
CH
Ml
CH
Ml
ND
Ml
Ml
ND
Ml
CH
Ml
ND
ND
SL
ND
Ml
ND
ND
ND
Ml
SL
ND
Population
1990
31704
20893
14275
40319
38080
6909
15317
32337
8499
21373
5189
8096
51159
30787
61067
10609
37020
20539
21821
11347
317471
96255
39413
56393
516418
106913
15972
34392
39301
30798
35244
183241
129180
117206
47679
249238
41561
12846
16269
14752
11164
17290
22422
30728
1996
33055
21502
14081
40628
38359
6705
15593
35694
8604
21178
4996
8560
51411
31312
60751
10566
38688
21147
21698
12827
371754
101166
48364
55678
583602
109167
15672
35579
40171
31243
34251
229279
139137
114685
48995
257298
41967
12856
16797
15325
12176
17508
25430
30954
2007
34447
22408
14674
42339
39974
6987
16250
37197
8966
22071
5207
8920
53577
32631
63310
11011
40318
22038
22612
13368
387414
105427
50401
58024
608186
113766
16332
37078
41863
32559
35694
238937
144999
119516
51059
268136
43735
13398
17505
15970
12689
18245
26501
32258
2020
36534
23766
15563
44904
42396
7411
17234
39450
9509
23408
5522
9461
56822
34608
67145
11678
42760
23372
23982
14177
410882
111814
53455
61538
645028
120658
17322
39324
44399
34531
37857
253411
153782
126756
54152
284379
46384
14209
18565
16938
13458
19350
28106
34212
1990
498.425
351.436
137.206
408.230
207.838
45.264
79.947
471.133
56.150
136.752
25.146
65.928
593.844
443.360
297.027
89.866
528.555
124.415
146.413
181.231
2147.935
730.504
248.545
475.552
4643.096
1077.555
109.266
435.532
467.932
407.431
180.709
1387.117
1255.740
890.225
334.514
2217.085
406.872
123.714
80.640
159.257
53.094
84.892
210.505
387.444
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
323.757
239.229
109.242
357.893
312.995
110.356
162.421
270.503
94.379
249.616
82.882
129.318
437.702
407.927
415.805
120.711
328.765
213.977
278.595
181.243
878.824
911.002
237.770
276.918
3903.907
688.345
179.435
315.288
328.819
253.647
203.773
782.568
1232.918
1037.445
491.494
2657.327
370.867
165.144
204.070
131.557
178.320
219.281
252.188
277.459
2007
400.550
296.005
135.106
442.714
387.141
136.584
200.954
337.014
116.776
308.864
102.581
160.050
520.795
504.807
514.170
149.358
406.686
262.418
344.081
224.318
1092.140
1115.555
296.091
342.223
4784.327
851.103
222.017
390.029
406.721
313.734
251.910
973.822
1541.479
1238.938
608.081
3211.968
458.768
204.358
252.523
162.738
224.292
271.348
307.833
343.224
2020
498.249
368.229
168.025
550.647
481.499
169.928
249.964
421.848
145.274
384.231
127.631
199.122
627.943
628.018
639.378
185.811
505.835
324.312
427.558
279.088
1364.984
1371.745
370.510
425.416
5929.930
1058.318
276.185
485.121
505.854
390.203
313.208
1218.055
1938.160
1498.411
756.399
3935.218
570.612
254.239
314.146
202.420
282.785
337.567
379.367
426.903
-------
State County
No. No.
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
203
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
FIPS
17137
17139
17141
17143
17145
17147
17149
17151
17153
17155
17157
17159
17161
17163
17165
17167
17169
17171
17173
17175
17177
17179
17181
17183
17185
17187
17189
17191
17193
17195
17197
17199
17201
17203
18001
18003
18005
18007
18009
18011
18013
18015
18017
18019
State
Code
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
County
Morgan, IL
Moultrie, IL
Ogle, IL
Peoria, IL
Perry, IL
Piatt, IL
Pike, IL
Pope, IL
Pulaski, IL
Putnam, IL
Randolph, IL
Richland, IL
Rock Island, IL
St. Clair, IL
Saline, IL
Sangamon, IL
Schuyler, IL
Scott, IL
Shelby, IL
Stark, IL
Stephenson, IL
Tazewell, IL
Union, IL
Vermilion, IL
Wabash, IL
Warren, IL
Washington, IL
Wayne, IL
White, IL
Whiteside, IL
Will, IL
Williamson, IL
Winnebago, IL
Woodford, IL
Adams, IN
Allen, IN
Bartholomew, IN
Benton, IN
Blackford, IN
Boone, IN
Brown, IN
Carroll, IN
Cass, IN
Clark, IN
Urban/
Rural
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
U1
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
U2
U1
U1
R
U1
U2
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
Ml
Ml
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Ml
ND
ND
Ml
SL
ND
ND
Ml
ND
ND
Ml
Ml
Ml
ND
Ml
ND
Ml
ND
ND
ND
Ml
CH
ND
Ml
Ml
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
Population
1990
36397
13930
45957
182827
21412
15548
17577
4373
7523
5730
34583
16545
148723
262852
26551
178386
7498
5644
22261
6534
48052
123692
17619
88257
13111
19181
14965
17241
16522
60186
357313
57733
252913
32653
31095
300836
63657
9441
14067
38147
14080
18809
38413
87774
1996
36105
14361
49593
182681
21374
16362
17328
4637
7254
5836
34154
16800
148341
263721
26386
189710
7607
5599
22546
6371
49168
127831
17977
85548
12785
18835
15274
17044
15772
66946
432018
60673
264690
34473
32588
310483
68009
9540
14027
42294
15375
19820
38550
92435
2007
37626
14966
51682
190377
22275
17052
18058
4832
7559
6082
35592
17508
154590
274830
27498
197701
7927
5834
23495
6640
51239
133216
18735
89152
13324
19628
15917
17762
16436
69766
450217
63229
275840
35925
34824
331782
72674
10195
14989
45195
16430
21180
41195
98776
2020
39905
15873
54813
201909
23624
18084
19152
5125
8017
6451
37748
18569
163954
291479
29164
209677
8408
6188
24919
7042
54343
141286
19869
94553
14131
20817
16881
18838
17432
73993
477490
67059
292550
38101
36061
343572
75257
10557
15522
46801
17014
21933
42659
102286
1990
296.298
97.759
484.684
1385.330
124.234
193.304
220.301
26.105
99.774
60.678
179.811
103.589
1102.803
2161.703
159.013
1568.412
60.608
65.058
213.425
39.422
263.360
953.838
195.701
712.914
75.006
139.432
269.425
213.961
202.798
475.753
2730.352
578.727
1884.448
309.489
208.976
2275.594
744.668
127.104
1 1 1 .225
647.756
113.270
158.958
262.798
850.568
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
233.457
155.211
454.438
1682.140
187.090
178.041
215.366
69.850
120.164
91.525
305.651
130.354
1310.165
2829.798
210.430
1737.938
69.860
90.150
279.178
104.365
327.108
1236.619
207.164
644.694
81.345
159.722
189.546
191.329
177.911
453.694
1830.185
416.214
2450.743
413.641
353.456
3372.285
611.663
164.996
135.122
453.424
246.071
289.315
409.597
1124.386
2007
288.658
192.042
568.631
2004.843
231.428
220.297
266.493
86.449
148.721
113.277
378.090
161.224
1539.066
3416.494
260.267
2158.460
86.422
111.576
345.463
129.169
404.488
1476.506
256.338
797.290
100.573
197.564
234.554
236.730
220.124
561.103
2259.581
514.715
3020.234
499.939
439.480
4138.506
749.530
202.583
165.578
562.214
302.126
355.103
502.134
1343.381
2020
358.931
238.902
711.878
2425.519
287.843
274.050
331.533
107.564
185.033
140.926
470.261
200.512
1841.562
4182.893
323.685
2700.462
107.502
138.815
429.777
160.716
502.991
1788.270
318.891
991.513
125.055
245.712
291.789
294.483
273.824
697.812
2813.084
640.101
3747.024
609.968
547.635
5117.184
926.613
250.742
204.696
704.482
373.950
439.435
620.923
1636.117
-------
State County
No. No.
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
FIPS
18021
18023
18025
18027
18029
18031
18033
18035
18037
18039
18041
18043
18045
18047
18049
18051
18053
18055
18057
18059
18061
18063
18065
18067
18069
18071
18073
18075
18077
18079
18081
18083
18085
18087
18089
18091
18093
18095
18097
18099
18101
18103
18105
18107
State
Code
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
County
Clay, IN
Clinton, IN
Crawford, IN
Daviess, IN
Dearborn, IN
Decatur, IN
De Kalb, IN
Delaware, IN
Dubois, IN
Elkhart, IN
Fayette, IN
Floyd, IN
Fountain, IN
Franklin, IN
Fulton, IN
Gibson, IN
Grant, IN
Greene, IN
Hamilton, IN
Hancock, IN
Harrison, IN
Hendricks, IN
Henry, IN
Howard, IN
Huntington, IN
Jackson, IN
Jasper, IN
Jay, IN
Jefferson, IN
Jennings, IN
Johnson, IN
Knox, IN
Kosciusko, IN
Lagrange, IN
Lake, IN
La Porte, IN
Lawrence, IN
Madison, IN
Marion, IN
Marshall, IN
Martin, IN
Miami, IN
Monroe, IN
Montgomery, IN
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
U2
R
U2
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
U2
R
R
U1
U2
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
CH
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Population
1990
24705
30974
9914
27533
38835
23645
35324
119659
36616
156198
26015
64404
17808
19580
18840
31913
74169
30410
108936
45527
29890
75717
48139
80827
35427
37730
24960
21512
29797
23661
88109
39884
65294
29477
475594
107066
42836
130669
797159
42182
10369
36897
108978
34436
1996
26270
32909
10415
28663
45470
25117
38237
117916
38779
168650
26116
70456
18174
21296
20135
31943
73011
32693
148235
51993
33412
89923
48763
83192
36899
40433
28163
21666
31078
26709
104205
39714
69639
32256
478804
108792
45153
131673
811311
44886
10490
33727
115557
36021
2007
28072
35167
11130
30629
48589
26840
40860
126004
41439
180219
27908
75290
19421
22757
21516
34134
78019
34936
158404
55560
35704
96092
52108
88899
39430
43207
30095
23153
33210
28541
111354
42439
74416
34469
511649
116255
48250
140705
866966
47965
11209
36041
123484
38492
2020
29070
36417
11525
31717
50316
27793
42312
130482
42911
186623
28899
77965
20111
23566
22281
35347
80792
36178
164033
57534
36973
99507
53960
92058
40831
44743
31165
23975
34391
29555
115311
43947
77060
35693
529831
120387
49965
145705
897775
49670
11608
37322
127872
39860
1990
321 .248
416.450
166.982
188.737
383.189
355.826
400.309
885.801
369.562
1193.432
134.388
500.184
234.773
219.556
153.704
418.179
623.528
226.816
1011.615
558.976
360.668
711.097
538.241
444.373
484.649
479.603
491.307
198.429
187.107
162.118
727.505
343.537
372.229
399.241
3302.394
1115.550
280.564
1052.252
6136.961
398.035
87.262
290.445
521.066
398.133
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
312.817
311.627
173.264
312.456
428.570
268.667
347.563
1393.712
402.164
2041.327
212.568
905.740
214.639
289.307
236.332
387.896
590.482
400.597
1331.308
558.274
478.364
952.094
564.922
1042.170
363.996
372.188
357.675
234.753
277.637
330.833
1051.574
335.606
865.855
515.158
5219.689
927.825
460.834
1586.874
10320.490
534.375
136.222
378.398
1221.149
390.346
2007
370.932
389.055
212.733
383.137
526.166
329.446
431.904
1644.312
493.083
2563.745
260.281
1084.300
263.250
355.058
289.897
475.763
722.925
491.469
1639.329
693.369
578.727
1182.717
692.802
1234.088
452.407
456.132
438.924
287.815
340.170
405.952
1292.918
410.996
1062.292
632.514
6014.766
1136.414
564.970
1955.387
12597.489
655.513
167.123
463.819
1562.535
478.647
2020
445.835
488.557
263.307
473.846
649.082
407.446
538.009
1971.139
609.766
3219.825
321 .625
1322.178
325.611
439.330
358.601
588.484
893.231
608.015
2045.630
869.676
710.183
1483.624
856.884
1468.785
563.616
563.932
543.081
355.923
420.493
502.269
1611.883
507.907
1314.196
782.850
7088.063
1404.499
698.628
2441.032
15636.574
810.887
206.746
573.481
2012.009
591.953
-------
State County
No. No.
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
1
3
5
7
9
11
FIPS
18109
18111
18113
18115
18117
18119
18121
18123
18125
18127
18129
18131
18133
18135
18137
18139
18141
18143
18145
18147
18149
18151
18153
18155
18157
18159
18161
18163
18165
18167
18169
18171
18173
18175
18177
18179
18181
18183
19001
19003
19005
19007
19009
19011
State
Code
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
County
Morgan, IN
Newton, IN
Noble, IN
Ohio, IN
Orange, IN
Owen, IN
Parke, IN
Perry, IN
Pike, IN
Porter, IN
Posey, IN
Pulaski, IN
Putnam, IN
Randolph, IN
Ripley, IN
Rush, IN
St. Joseph, IN
Scott, IN
Shelby, IN
Spencer, IN
Starke, IN
Steuben, IN
Sullivan, IN
Switzerland, IN
Tippecanoe, IN
Tipton, IN
Union, IN
Vanderburgh, IN
Vermillion, IN
Vigo, IN
Wabash, IN
Warren, IN
Warrick, IN
Washington, IN
Wayne, IN
Wells, IN
White, IN
Whitley, IN
Adair, IA
Adams, IA
Allamakee, IA
Appanoose, IA
Audubon, IA
Benton, IA
Urban/
Rural
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
U2
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
CH
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
55920
13551
37877
5315
18409
17281
15410
19107
12509
128932
25968
12643
30315
27148
24616
18129
247052
20991
40307
19490
22747
27446
18993
7738
130598
16119
6976
165058
16773
106107
35069
8176
44920
23717
71951
25948
23265
27651
8409
4866
13855
13743
7334
22429
1996
63520
14521
41341
5438
19240
19832
16298
19278
12722
141919
26544
13131
33222
27433
26811
18221
256484
22557
42745
20519
23614
30580
20096
8508
137206
16356
7230
166583
16965
105107
34603
8171
49987
26654
71822
26655
24787
29638
8257
4484
13972
13544
6888
24649
2007
67878
15517
44177
5811
20559
21192
17416
20600
13595
151655
28365
14031
35501
29314
28650
19471
274079
24104
45677
21926
25234
32677
21475
9091
146618
17478
7726
178010
18129
112317
36976
8731
53416
28482
76748
28484
26488
31671
8541
4638
14451
14009
7125
25496
2020
70290
16069
45747
6017
21290
21945
18035
21332
14078
157044
29373
14530
36762
30356
29668
20163
283818
24961
47300
22705
26131
33839
22238
9414
151828
18099
8000
184336
18773
116308
38290
9042
55314
29494
79476
29496
27429
32796
8730
4740
14772
14320
7283
26060
1990
597.798
219.019
236.047
34.434
135.939
115.132
155.583
229.105
118.259
1221.196
307.155
135.045
441.109
225.013
267.007
167.243
1359.143
206.247
508.267
308.808
154.659
484.720
200.406
42.496
990.298
178.485
57.455
923.461
276.024
841 .744
227.711
123.389
443.293
198.624
724.034
260.004
418.594
239.077
164.420
54.899
118.562
105.504
63.330
296.352
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
709.238
236.824
487.348
92.887
266.584
262.531
227.187
208.011
218.615
1420.509
341.475
220.957
389.938
338.903
369.971
230.695
2607.363
216.710
465.676
340.617
339.766
388.995
259.338
135.233
1351.486
207.739
121.916
1783.072
214.672
1443.083
324.718
142.890
512.037
327.014
655.762
313.058
325.063
343.054
131.097
75.862
159.947
131.464
78.938
238.972
2007
882.190
290.776
597.855
114.201
327.151
322.222
278.816
255.025
268.415
1651.574
422.297
271.291
478.357
415.708
454.073
282.995
3180.893
261.802
579.046
418.213
416.995
477.340
318.204
166.041
1670.385
248.691
149.691
2173.791
254.561
1691.071
397.845
175.438
629.671
401.254
803.380
389.333
398.872
426.679
157.273
91.007
191.728
157.485
94.604
286.380
2020
1107.511
359.891
739.589
140.988
404.794
398.728
345.006
315.371
332.225
1956.617
527.823
335.773
591.756
514.224
561.878
350.076
3930.437
320.984
726.794
517.628
516.001
590.611
393.672
205.502
2084.848
297.931
185.268
2694.418
305.969
2018.449
491.782
217.146
784.453
496.435
993.031
485.213
493.518
531.777
190.113
110.019
231.650
190.202
114.286
345.964
-------
State
No.
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
County
No.
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
FIPS
19013
19015
19017
19019
19021
19023
19025
19027
19029
19031
19033
19035
19037
19039
19041
19043
19045
19047
19049
19051
19053
19055
19057
19059
19061
19063
19065
19067
19069
19071
19073
19075
19077
19079
19081
19083
19085
19087
19089
19091
19093
19095
19097
19099
State
Code
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
County
Black Hawk, IA
Boone, IA
Bremer, IA
Buchanan, IA
Buena Vista, IA
Butler, IA
Calhoun, IA
Carroll, IA
Cass, I A
Cedar, IA
Cerro Gordo, IA
Cherokee, IA
Chickasaw, IA
Clarke, IA
Clay, IA
Clayton, IA
Clinton, IA
Crawford, I A
Dallas, IA
Davis, I A
Decatur, I A
Delaware, IA
Des Moines, IA
Dickinson, IA
Dubuque, IA
Emmet, IA
Fayette, I A
Floyd, I A
Franklin, IA
Fremont, IA
Greene, IA
Grundy, IA
Guthrie, IA
Hamilton, IA
Hancock, IA
Hardin, IA
Harrison, IA
Henry, IA
Howard, I A
Humboldt, IA
Ida, IA
Iowa, IA
Jackson, IA
Jasper, IA
Urban/
Rural
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
123798
25186
22813
20844
19965
15731
11508
21423
15128
17444
46733
14098
13295
8287
17585
19054
51040
16775
29755
8312
8338
18035
42614
14909
86403
11569
21843
17058
11364
8226
10045
12029
10935
16071
12638
19094
14730
19226
9809
10756
8365
14630
19950
34795
1996
121830
26019
23234
21097
19622
15700
11438
21663
14798
17894
46423
13515
13415
8244
17598
18829
50341
16444
34906
8399
8211
18390
42193
15831
87844
11022
21973
16556
10944
7895
10043
12244
11361
16060
12124
18595
15258
19845
9724
10449
7996
15348
20076
35571
2007
126014
26913
24032
21821
20296
16239
11831
22407
15306
18509
48017
13979
13876
8527
18202
19475
52069
17009
36105
8688
8493
19021
43642
16375
90861
11401
22728
17124
11320
8166
10388
12665
11751
16611
12540
19234
15782
20526
10058
10808
8271
15875
20765
36792
2020
128806
27509
24564
22305
20746
16599
12093
22903
15645
18919
49081
14289
14183
8716
18606
19907
53223
17386
36905
8880
8681
19443
44609
16738
92874
11653
23231
17504
11571
8347
10618
12945
12012
16979
12818
19660
16132
20981
10281
11047
8454
16227
21226
37608
1990
917.007
168.043
182.303
305.372
141.105
169.240
129.719
156.105
182.387
278.800
304.936
109.547
121.996
95.770
110.504
202.099
270.885
137.533
370.010
68.493
131.009
148.614
226.492
123.594
522.116
78.378
176.191
130.064
159.787
162.551
84.208
118.692
114.787
187.360
111.107
147.937
238.641
132.861
81.109
85.830
85.332
266.789
174.090
413.095
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
1138.103
219.819
236.562
241.667
188.954
245.248
179.412
200.386
132.190
229.158
210.003
135.745
156.223
71.119
119.812
297.054
271.639
169.417
289.989
93.602
129.991
208.782
241.883
178.443
755.665
86.637
249.975
156.058
119.522
128.244
96.740
187.532
170.477
140.449
151.406
179.656
189.363
187.782
101.751
105.790
130.412
228.083
225.791
336.305
2007
1297.808
263.231
283.466
289.689
226.343
294.214
215.233
240.028
158.299
274.798
250.502
162.615
187.274
85.160
143.310
356.363
324.430
202.989
362.121
112.191
155.945
250.267
289.013
213.924
893.483
103.677
299.636
186.916
143.226
153.850
115.891
224.976
204.516
168.189
181.511
215.202
227.060
224.967
121.926
126.740
156.450
273.622
270.639
402.884
2020
1520.985
317.873
342.434
350.028
273.374
355.660
260.182
289.894
191.149
332.111
301.785
196.410
226.288
102.834
172.930
430.795
391.156
245.197
453.212
135.549
188.510
302.399
348.532
258.487
1078.347
125.148
362.040
225.740
173.027
185.982
139.978
271.968
247.226
203.095
219.332
259.916
274.406
271.719
147.278
153.089
189.123
330.773
326.984
486.616
-------
State
No.
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
County
No.
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
FIPS
19101
19103
19105
19107
19109
19111
19113
19115
19117
19119
19121
19123
19125
19127
19129
19131
19133
19135
19137
19139
19141
19143
19145
19147
19149
19151
19153
19155
19157
19159
19161
19163
19165
19167
19169
19171
19173
19175
19177
19179
19181
19183
19185
19187
State
Code
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
County
Jefferson, IA
Johnson, IA
Jones, IA
Keokuk, IA
Kossuth, IA
Lee, IA
Linn, IA
Louisa, IA
Lucas, IA
Lyon, IA
Madison, IA
Mahaska, IA
Marion, IA
Marshall, IA
Mills, IA
Mitchell, IA
Monona, IA
Monroe, IA
Montgomery, IA
Muscatine, IA
O'Brien, IA
Osceola, IA
Page, IA
Palo Alto, IA
Plymouth, IA
Pocahontas, IA
Polk, IA
Pottawattamie, IA
Poweshiek, IA
Ringgold, IA
Sac, IA
Scott, IA
Shelby, IA
Sioux, IA
Story, IA
Tama, IA
Taylor, IA
Union, IA
Van Buren, IA
Wapello, IA
Warren, IA
Washington, IA
Wayne, IA
Webster, IA
Urban/
Rural
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U2
U1
R
R
U2
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
16310
96119
19444
11624
18591
38687
168767
11592
9070
11952
12483
21532
30001
38276
13202
10928
10034
8114
12076
39907
15444
7267
16870
10669
23388
9525
327140
82628
19033
5420
12324
150973
13230
29903
74252
17419
7114
12750
7676
35696
36033
19612
7067
40342
1996
16919
101432
20161
11513
18006
38659
179856
11885
9067
11959
13554
21781
31080
38716
14218
11044
10003
8055
11931
41026
14995
7037
17093
10159
24469
8934
350362
85008
19004
5349
11952
156510
13134
30920
74535
17605
7141
12502
7804
35406
39193
20677
6859
38863
2007
17500
104916
20854
11909
18624
39986
186033
12293
9379
12370
14020
22529
32148
40045
14706
11423
10347
8331
12341
42434
15510
7279
17680
10508
25309
9240
362394
87928
19656
5533
12362
161885
13585
31982
77095
18210
7387
12932
8072
36622
40539
21388
7094
40197
2020
17887
107241
21316
12173
19037
40872
190155
12566
9587
12644
14331
23028
32860
40933
15032
11676
10576
8516
12614
43375
15853
7440
18072
10741
25870
9445
370424
89876
20092
5655
12636
165472
13886
32691
78803
18613
7550
13218
8251
37434
41438
21861
7251
41088
1990
94.367
749.364
138.940
123.773
168.392
235.207
1388.044
115.475
66.041
105.842
160.836
146.880
175.881
222.059
156.965
93.684
155.641
60.729
83.767
198.950
129.819
60.146
105.552
91.501
182.651
108.906
2397.518
803.494
208.135
58.547
115.537
1285.682
108.912
199.139
478.856
167.614
80.012
77.379
82.625
205.633
334.739
149.690
78.538
246.933
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
118.037
875.332
182.882
181.218
205.942
267.439
1689.293
180.720
77.022
150.056
136.088
187.244
223.614
245.563
142.068
122.404
115.483
72.523
100.900
225.580
172.906
74.031
114.092
111.380
246.713
148.496
3383.383
913.010
172.570
84.498
192.133
1427.816
134.457
290.693
374.308
233.948
110.908
88.438
119.670
214.825
323.345
207.090
110.175
267.789
2007
141.232
1094.910
219.065
217.401
246.831
319.913
2048.392
216.803
92.223
179.917
163.100
224.220
267.590
293.627
170.257
146.712
138.427
86.854
120.805
269.526
207.242
88.706
136.460
133.465
295.647
178.144
4155.569
1136.218
206.681
101.369
230.494
1676.365
161.105
348.249
446.884
280.556
133.053
105.790
143.564
256.778
401.903
248.168
132.171
320.259
2020
170.453
1383.651
264.566
262.812
298.214
386.057
2524.009
262.088
1 1 1 .356
217.412
197.042
270.753
322.986
354.251
205.697
177.261
167.256
104.888
145.868
325.033
250.396
107.152
164.663
161.233
357.151
215.351
5148.545
1419.901
249.603
122.540
278.633
2005.199
194.602
420.637
538.663
339.073
160.832
127.664
173.545
309.721
501.573
299.796
159.789
386.433
-------
State
No.
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
County
No.
189
191
193
195
197
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
FIPS
19189
19191
19193
19195
19197
20001
20003
20005
20007
20009
20011
20013
20015
20017
20019
20021
20023
20025
20027
20029
20031
20033
20035
20037
20039
20041
20043
20045
20047
20049
20051
20053
20055
20057
20059
20061
20063
20065
20067
20069
20071
20073
20075
20077
State
Code
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
County
Winnebago, IA
Winneshiek, IA
Woodbury, IA
Worth, IA
Wright, IA
Allen, KS
Anderson, KS
Atchison, KS
Barber, KS
Barton, KS
Bourbon, KS
Brown, KS
Butler, KS
Chase, KS
Chautauqua, KS
Cherokee, KS
Cheyenne, KS
Clark, KS
Clay, KS
Cloud, KS
Coffey, KS
Comanche, KS
Cowley, KS
Crawford, KS
Decatur, KS
Dickinson, KS
Doniphan, KS
Douglas, KS
Edwards, KS
Elk, KS
Ellis, KS
Ellsworth, KS
Finney, KS
Ford, KS
Franklin, KS
Geary, KS
Gove, KS
Graham, KS
Grant, KS
Gray, KS
Greeley, KS
Greenwood, KS
Hamilton, KS
Harper, KS
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
12122
20847
98276
7991
14269
14638
7803
16932
5874
29382
14966
11128
50580
3021
4407
21374
3243
2418
9158
11023
8404
2313
36915
35582
4021
18958
8134
81798
3787
3327
26004
6586
33070
27463
21994
30453
3231
3543
7159
5396
1774
7847
2388
7124
1996
12069
20888
101547
7796
14191
14470
7990
16407
5478
28143
15190
11050
58856
2911
4400
22379
3213
2440
9216
10309
8693
2063
36744
35928
3598
19598
7731
89765
3478
3355
26294
6327
35503
28998
23533
26054
3106
3290
7791
5479
1735
8015
2299
6587
2007
12483
21605
105034
8064
14678
15651
8642
17745
5925
30439
16429
11952
63659
3149
4759
24206
3475
2639
9968
11150
9402
2231
39743
38860
3891
21198
8362
97091
3761
3629
28439
6843
38401
31365
25454
28180
3359
3559
8426
5926
1876
8669
2486
7124
2020
12760
22084
107362
8243
15004
16921
9343
19185
6406
32909
17762
12921
68824
3404
5145
26170
3757
2854
10777
12055
10165
2412
42968
42013
4207
22917
9040
104968
4067
3924
30747
7399
41516
33909
27519
30467
3632
3847
9110
6407
2028
9372
2688
7702
1990
98.881
157.073
713.820
156.922
142.004
137.484
81.991
131.976
83.894
194.285
123.723
119.500
578.283
67.097
64.260
178.580
47.124
33.299
80.583
97.811
142.826
32.725
254.114
265.315
57.765
254.580
109.665
496.790
54.721
50.196
264.132
134.639
139.229
147.825
268.213
264.459
75.558
51.186
47.076
65.827
23.638
81.148
32.211
75.455
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
132.177
212.550
893.689
124.580
98.687
161.977
89.536
132.173
107.493
227.399
134.447
143.564
533.730
55.283
80.646
208.944
59.345
44.249
90.672
98.889
108.188
42.325
263.807
264.768
73.584
198.080
139.816
682.950
69.301
60.882
179.622
120.523
203.383
150.264
224.624
201.545
59.126
64.836
38.934
98.745
32.463
94.009
43.700
88.417
2007
158.410
254.678
1085.771
149.454
118.051
200.945
111.089
163.758
133.520
281.725
166.672
178.183
669.976
68.669
100.174
259.105
73.717
54.964
112.446
122.591
134.277
52.576
326.711
327.964
91.400
245.688
173.407
900.179
86.080
75.625
222.413
149.704
251.677
185.814
278.594
249.505
73.443
80.535
48.145
122.655
40.324
116.656
54.281
109.724
2020
191.388
307.648
1334.870
180.667
142.461
249.904
138.169
203.495
166.175
350.094
207.188
221.655
840.812
85.469
124.675
322.153
91.733
68.403
139.810
152.396
167.029
65.435
405.885
407.501
113.759
305.513
215.616
1173.159
107.146
94.118
276.296
186.313
312.535
230.643
346.403
309.901
91.403
100.227
59.760
152.653
50.187
145.095
67.560
136.489
-------
State
No.
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
County
No.
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
FIPS
20079
20081
20083
20085
20087
20089
20091
20093
20095
20097
20099
20101
20103
20105
20107
20109
20111
20113
20115
20117
20119
20121
20123
20125
20127
20129
20131
20133
20135
20137
20139
20141
20143
20145
20147
20149
20151
20153
20155
20157
20159
20161
20163
20165
State
Code
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
County
Harvey, KS
Haskell, KS
Hodgeman, KS
Jackson, KS
Jefferson, KS
Jewell, KS
Johnson, KS
Kearny, KS
Kingman, KS
Kiowa, KS
Labette, KS
Lane, KS
Leavenworth, KS
Lincoln, KS
Linn, KS
Logan, KS
Lyon, KS
McPherson, KS
Marion, KS
Marshall, KS
Meade, KS
Miami, KS
Mitchell, KS
Montgomery, KS
Morris, KS
Morton, KS
Nemaha, KS
Neosho, KS
Ness, KS
Norton, KS
Osage, KS
Osborne, KS
Ottawa, KS
Pawnee, KS
Phillips, KS
Pottawatomie, KS
Pratt, KS
Rawlins, KS
Reno, KS
Republic, KS
Rice, KS
Riley, KS
Rooks, KS
Rush, KS
Urban/
Rural
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
U1
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
31028
3886
2177
11525
15905
4251
355021
4027
8292
3660
23693
2375
64371
3653
8254
3081
34732
27268
12888
11705
4247
23466
7203
38816
6198
3480
10446
17035
4033
5947
15248
4867
5634
7555
6590
16128
9702
3404
62389
6482
10610
67139
6039
3842
1996
31513
3991
2222
11963
17641
4007
408434
4174
8481
3471
22972
2213
69347
3388
8948
3050
34177
27549
12910
11226
4375
25801
7031
37383
6197
3389
10281
16963
3694
5834
16820
4559
5798
7285
6137
17909
9705
3239
62844
6189
10079
63751
5769
3489
2007
34085
4316
2403
12939
19080
4334
441764
4515
9173
3755
24847
2394
75006
3665
9679
3299
36967
29797
13964
12142
4732
27906
7604
40434
6703
3666
11120
18347
3996
6310
18193
4931
6271
7879
6638
19371
10497
3503
67973
6694
10902
68953
6240
3774
2020
36850
4666
2598
13989
20628
4685
477607
4881
9917
4059
26863
2588
81091
3962
10464
3567
39966
32215
15097
13127
5116
30171
8221
43714
7247
3963
12023
19836
4320
6822
19669
5331
6780
8519
7177
20942
11348
3787
73487
7237
11786
74548
6746
4080
1990
304.506
48.867
29.068
120.706
194.832
67.149
3333.547
44.010
82.390
51.835
211.776
31.673
477.775
84.051
105.497
70.528
300.685
302.119
148.541
130.451
61.343
291.734
64.285
282.064
82.242
44.250
143.639
147.468
57.626
54.785
267.271
76.348
76.502
59.574
65.523
159.188
69.034
52.592
466.236
71.468
114.706
524.840
89.759
57.857
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
239.128
71.113
39.838
157.614
291.056
77.791
4339.858
73.692
98.451
66.976
234.755
43.462
417.394
66.848
151.046
56.383
210.203
240.586
192.278
158.192
77.720
274.554
64.018
328.008
113.422
63.683
191.159
153.535
73.803
58.524
234.198
89.064
103.100
63.389
73.442
230.960
66.045
62.292
486.288
76.368
132.666
399.369
110.513
70.307
2007
299.805
88.332
49.485
195.654
361.533
96.628
5420.796
91.538
122.164
83.195
291.129
53.986
528.955
83.036
187.620
70.033
260.094
298.229
238.733
196.362
96.539
348.773
79.358
406.524
140.887
79.103
237.445
190.336
91.673
72.573
290.801
110.629
128.065
78.560
91.112
286.732
81.775
77.375
602.482
94.759
164.645
494.107
137.272
87.331
2020
375.980
109.935
61.589
243.402
449.942
120.255
6830.404
113.925
151.942
103.538
361.980
67.190
672.344
103.347
233.502
87.163
322.968
370.709
297.044
244.279
120.137
443.959
98.644
505.282
175.329
98.451
295.511
236.607
114.093
90.244
361.833
137.688
159.390
97.653
113.313
356.743
101.569
96.298
748.684
117.862
204.799
613.516
170.837
108.689
-------
State
No.
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
County
No.
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
203
205
207
209
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
FIPS
20167
20169
20171
20173
20175
20177
20179
20181
20183
20185
20187
20189
20191
20193
20195
20197
20199
20201
20203
20205
20207
20209
21001
21003
21005
21007
21009
21011
21013
21015
21017
21019
21021
21023
21025
21027
21029
21031
21033
21035
21037
21039
21041
21043
State
Code
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
County
Russell, KS
Saline, KS
Scott, KS
Sedgwick, KS
Seward, KS
Shawnee, KS
Sheridan, KS
Sherman, KS
Smith, KS
Stafford, KS
Stanton, KS
Stevens, KS
Sumner, KS
Thomas, KS
Trego, KS
Wabaunsee, KS
Wallace, KS
Washington, KS
Wichita, KS
Wilson, KS
Woodson, KS
Wyandotte, KS
Adair, KY
Allen, KY
Anderson, KY
Ballard, KY
Barren, KY
Bath, KY
Bell, KY
Boone, KY
Bourbon, KY
Boyd, KY
Boyle, KY
Bracken, KY
Breath itt, KY
Breckinridge, KY
Bullitt, KY
Butler, KY
Caldwell, KY
Galloway, KY
Campbell, KY
Carlisle, KY
Carroll, KY
Carter, KY
Urban/
Rural
U2
U2
U2
U1
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OR
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OR
ON
ON
ON
OR
ON
ON
ON
Population
1990
7835
49301
5289
403662
18743
160976
3043
6926
5078
5365
2333
5048
25841
8258
3694
6603
1821
7073
2758
10289
4116
162026
15360
14628
14571
7902
34001
9692
31506
57589
19236
51150
25641
7766
15703
16312
47567
11245
13232
30735
83866
5238
9292
24340
1996
7659
51289
5034
433677
19952
164367
2789
6647
4719
5139
2330
5354
26820
8194
3383
6690
1803
6666
2711
10292
3993
153970
16332
16004
17538
8283
36374
10260
30030
73518
19333
50049
26865
8216
15651
17158
56514
11684
13325
32738
86914
5361
9543
26269
2007
8284
55474
5444
469067
21581
177780
3017
7189
5104
5558
2521
5791
29009
8862
3659
7235
1950
7210
2932
11131
4319
166535
17330
16982
18610
8789
38598
10887
31866
78012
20515
53108
28507
8718
16607
18207
59968
12398
14140
34739
92227
5688
10126
27875
2020
8956
59975
5886
507125
23332
192204
3262
7772
5518
6009
2725
6261
31362
9581
3956
7823
2108
7795
3170
12035
4670
180046
17952
17591
19277
9104
39982
11278
33008
80809
21250
55012
29529
9031
17203
18860
62119
12843
14647
35985
95534
5892
10490
28875
1990
91.568
311.221
36.305
3231.894
83.117
1622.495
45.406
64.516
76.192
72.952
29.968
31.897
351.445
81.209
84.457
139.245
26.197
109.453
38.960
96.633
58.933
1235.525
116.705
105.367
89.053
74.758
404.820
157.822
240.758
593.094
137.660
482.683
168.593
65.745
135.396
143.266
516.333
94.008
140.828
206.300
823.392
46.620
105.962
334.450
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
63.661
197.526
34.360
4002.782
66.658
1852.981
55.686
43.659
92.925
98.177
42.692
38.237
312.498
61.148
67.599
120.833
33.324
129.432
50.470
97.646
75.321
1837.003
163.017
148.638
130.360
105.087
319.663
128.892
297.459
784.638
162.156
549.432
207.746
103.279
208.830
216.930
533.884
149.544
101.513
253.830
1152.131
69.659
83.760
286.035
2007
78.886
243.684
42.533
4952.589
82.142
2279.216
69.169
54.033
115.426
121.950
53.030
47.368
387.785
75.741
83.966
150.090
41.393
160.776
62.690
121.075
93.559
2291 .262
200.290
182.575
159.990
129.267
392.457
158.549
365.204
952.946
208.593
654.550
254.781
127.042
256.880
266.844
641.351
183.954
124.442
311.343
1393.520
85.687
102.801
345.094
2020
98.044
302.057
52.826
6163.013
101.755
2822.068
86.097
67.097
143.655
151.774
66.003
58.856
482.334
94.104
104.508
186.804
51.520
200.079
78.032
150.538
116.446
2884.562
248.638
226.606
198.480
160.577
486.946
196.956
453.143
1167.736
268.701
787.293
315.928
157.815
319.109
331.472
783.704
228.509
154.271
386.096
1703.254
106.449
127.544
418.223
-------
State
No.
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
County
No.
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
FIPS
21045
21047
21049
21051
21053
21055
21057
21059
21061
21063
21065
21067
21069
21071
21073
21075
21077
21079
21081
21083
21085
21087
21089
21091
21093
21095
21097
21099
21101
21103
21105
21107
21109
21111
21113
21115
21117
21119
21121
21123
21125
21127
21129
21131
State
Code
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
County
Casey, KY
Christian, KY
Clark, KY
Clay, KY
Clinton, KY
Crittenden, KY
Cumberland, KY
Daviess, KY
Edmonson, KY
Elliott, KY
Estill, KY
Fayette, KY
Fleming, KY
Floyd, KY
Franklin, KY
Fulton, KY
Gallatin, KY
Garrard, KY
Grant, KY
Graves, KY
Grayson, KY
Green, KY
Greenup, KY
Hancock, KY
Hardin, KY
Harlan, KY
Harrison, KY
Hart, KY
Henderson, KY
Henry, KY
Hickman, KY
Hopkins, KY
Jackson, KY
Jefferson, KY
Jessamine, KY
Johnson, KY
Kenton, KY
Knott, KY
Knox, KY
Larue, KY
Laurel, KY
Lawrence, KY
Lee, KY
Leslie, KY
Urban/
Rural
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OR
ON
ON
OR
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Population
1990
14211
68941
29496
21746
9135
9196
6784
87189
10357
6455
14614
225366
12292
43586
44143
8271
5393
11579
15737
33550
21050
10371
36742
7864
89240
36574
16248
14890
43044
12823
5566
46126
11955
665123
30508
23248
142031
17906
29676
11679
43438
13998
7422
13642
1996
14485
72616
31367
22430
9286
9439
6863
90465
11024
6528
15362
237801
13070
43378
45928
7722
6574
13371
19244
35300
22961
10542
37070
8706
89892
35535
17194
16317
44396
14441
5229
46261
12704
669836
35248
23971
145625
18003
31220
12715
49121
15229
7893
13553
2007
15371
77055
33285
23801
9853
10016
7282
95995
11698
6927
16301
252337
13869
46029
48736
8194
6976
14189
20420
37458
24364
11186
39336
9238
95387
37707
18245
17315
47109
15324
5549
49088
13481
710781
37403
25436
154527
19103
33128
13493
52123
16160
8376
14381
2020
15922
79818
34478
24655
10207
10376
7543
99437
12117
7175
16886
261386
14367
47680
50483
8487
7226
14697
21152
38801
25238
11587
40747
9569
98808
39059
18900
17935
48799
15874
5748
50849
13964
736269
38744
26348
160068
19788
34316
13976
53993
16739
8676
14897
1990
125.904
588.705
292.532
193.324
79.199
66.615
61.930
657.020
156.834
58.694
113.246
1683.226
94.990
400.582
396.774
55.533
76.224
80.691
184.305
252.589
161.643
93.832
291.827
65.780
813.085
332.823
108.687
242.485
391.150
200.573
51.531
322.878
101.927
6160.086
173.498
194.509
1307.584
152.434
240.918
162.184
573.379
119.987
65.883
126.450
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
188.986
511.776
222.762
289.195
121.484
86.676
90.219
996.481
137.735
85.844
164.136
3063.553
130.521
541.468
303.639
47.115
71.720
117.284
176.669
339.586
226.672
137.922
424.977
104.581
575.993
423.123
146.375
198.018
608.162
170.530
74.021
406.051
158.987
9301.165
215.126
262.458
1958.625
238.126
340.946
125.749
515.907
186.157
98.704
181.420
2007
232.473
641.372
286.309
355.737
149.437
106.416
110.978
1214.509
169.429
105.596
201.730
3876.308
160.364
665.836
371.899
57.594
88.174
144.059
217.015
417.110
278.523
169.656
508.791
128.646
705.008
520.117
179.655
243.581
743.287
209.767
91.054
498.285
195.568
11042.312
275.659
322.579
2364.339
292.919
419.088
154.511
634.260
228.989
121.415
223.167
2020
288.789
805.138
368.626
441.901
185.632
132.047
137.855
1494.419
210.462
131.172
250.463
4944.058
199.061
826.962
460.796
71.276
108.876
178.799
267.796
517.691
345.750
210.750
613.795
159.795
873.189
645.831
222.872
302.585
922.675
260.580
113.103
618.100
242.939
13396.335
354.283
400.518
2886.322
363.866
520.370
191.819
787.625
284.461
150.825
277.219
-------
State
No.
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
County
No.
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
203
205
207
209
211
213
215
217
219
FIPS
21133
21135
21137
21139
21141
21143
21145
21147
21149
21151
21153
21155
21157
21159
21161
21163
21165
21167
21169
21171
21173
21175
21177
21179
21181
21183
21185
21187
21189
21191
21193
21195
21197
21199
21201
21203
21205
21207
21209
21211
21213
21215
21217
21219
State
Code
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
County
Letcher, KY
Lewis, KY
Lincoln, KY
Livingston, KY
Logan, KY
Lyon, KY
McCracken, KY
McCreary, KY
McLean, KY
Madison, KY
Magoffin, KY
Marion, KY
Marshall, KY
Martin, KY
Mason, KY
Meade, KY
Menifee, KY
Mercer, KY
Metcalfe, KY
Monroe, KY
Montgomery, KY
Morgan, KY
Muhlenberg, KY
Nelson, KY
Nicholas, KY
Ohio, KY
Oldham, KY
Owen, KY
Owsley, KY
Pendleton, KY
Perry, KY
Pike, KY
Powell, KY
Pulaski, KY
Robertson, KY
Rockcastle, KY
Rowan, KY
Russell, KY
Scott, KY
Shelby, KY
Simpson, KY
Spencer, KY
Taylor, KY
Todd, KY
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
U2
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OR
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Population
1990
27000
13029
20045
9062
24416
6624
62879
15603
9628
57508
13077
16499
27205
12526
16666
24170
5092
19148
8963
11401
19561
11648
31318
29710
6725
21105
33263
9035
5036
12036
30283
72584
11686
49489
2124
14803
20353
14716
23867
24824
15145
6801
21146
10940
1996
26677
13491
21761
9292
25913
7814
64471
16421
9691
64224
13721
16910
29457
12273
16869
27573
5545
20261
9398
11248
20604
13218
31866
34375
6992
21835
41822
9937
5332
13599
30992
72564
12481
54741
2166
15610
21783
16089
28649
28263
16028
8820
22660
11161
2007
28308
14316
23091
9860
27497
8291
68412
17424
10283
68150
14559
17944
31257
13023
17900
29258
5883
21500
9972
11936
21864
14026
33814
36476
7419
23170
44378
10544
5658
14430
32886
77000
13244
58087
2298
16564
23114
17073
30400
29990
17008
9360
24045
11843
2020
29323
14829
23919
10213
28483
8589
70865
18049
10652
70593
15081
18588
32378
13490
18542
30307
6094
22271
10330
12364
22648
14529
35026
37784
7685
24001
45969
10922
5860
14947
34066
79761
13719
60170
2381
17158
23943
17685
31490
31066
17617
9695
24907
12268
1990
249.522
123.591
152.413
145.136
179.305
102.170
584.592
132.840
85.734
538.281
114.834
129.586
366.326
118.319
123.565
172.517
43.476
136.616
80.585
89.982
256.938
102.837
240.150
213.263
60.810
165.391
407.647
75.826
48.505
93.366
268.454
672.976
85.094
352.646
19.248
219.981
221.392
116.470
232.827
313.554
153.017
50.376
150.057
100.889
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
329.551
173.270
239.721
120.514
244.734
88.092
366.889
207.501
128.040
439.918
173.908
158.318
292.927
166.579
144.724
256.118
67.717
175.951
119.197
120.925
202.611
154.904
312.767
322.143
89.434
222.425
401.020
120.154
66.972
160.063
344.621
897.416
126.047
542.995
28.247
168.387
181.002
195.704
194.947
263.205
119.800
90.444
178.472
145.488
2007
405.210
213.138
294.725
148.243
300.584
108.359
448.605
255.246
157.501
565.472
213.923
194.395
359.932
204.910
177.583
314.671
83.299
215.984
146.623
148.573
248.901
190.546
384.137
395.846
110.012
273.270
485.027
147.801
82.383
196.789
423.582
1103.518
154.878
667.272
34.746
206.970
222.133
240.736
250.716
323.380
146.892
1 1 1 .256
218.943
178.964
2020
503.238
264.767
365.998
184.151
373.052
134.615
555.278
317.064
195.653
728.096
265.740
241.212
446.828
254.539
220.269
390.614
103.471
267.964
182.144
184.428
308.936
236.710
476.746
491.411
136.658
339.209
595.112
183.600
102.333
242.966
525.938
1370.522
192.276
828.405
43.163
256.981
275.562
299.046
322.921
401.436
182.132
138.204
271.547
222.317
-------
State
No.
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
County
No.
221
223
225
227
229
231
233
235
237
239
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
FIPS
21221
21223
21225
21227
21229
21231
21233
21235
21237
21239
22001
22003
22005
22007
22009
22011
22013
22015
22017
22019
22021
22023
22025
22027
22029
22031
22033
22035
22037
22039
22041
22043
22045
22047
22049
22051
22053
22055
22057
22059
22061
22063
22065
22067
State
Code
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
County
Trigg, KY
Trimble, KY
Union, KY
Warren, KY
Washington, KY
Wayne, KY
Webster, KY
Whitley, KY
Wolfe, KY
Woodford, KY
Acadia Parish, LA
Allen Parish, LA
Ascension Parish, LA
Assumption Parish, LA
Avoyelles Parish, LA
Beauregard Parish, LA
Bienville Parish, LA
Bossier Parish, LA
Caddo Parish, LA
Calcasieu Parish, LA
Caldwell Parish, LA
Cameron Parish, LA
Catahoula Parish, LA
Claiborne Parish, LA
Concordia Parish, LA
De Soto Parish, LA
East Baton Rouge Paris
East Carroll Parish, LA
East Feliciana Parish, L
Evangeline Parish, LA
Franklin Parish, LA
Grant Parish, LA
Iberia Parish, LA
Iberville Parish, LA
Jackson Parish, LA
Jefferson Parish, LA
Jefferson Davis Parish,
Lafayette Parish, LA
Lafourche Parish, LA
La Salle Parish, LA
Lincoln Parish, LA
Livingston Parish, LA
Madison Parish, LA
Morehouse Parish, LA
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
U2
U2
U2
R
U2
U1
U2
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
Population
1990
10361
6090
16557
77720
10441
17468
13955
33326
6503
19955
55882
21226
58214
22753
39159
30083
16201
86088
248253
168134
9806
9260
11065
17405
20828
25699
380105
9709
19211
33274
22387
17526
68297
31049
15924
448306
30722
164762
85860
13662
41745
70523
12463
31938
1996
11828
7122
16540
85267
10713
18521
13590
35261
7208
22003
57433
23525
68297
22847
40558
31554
15880
91798
244086
177340
10273
9047
11063
16962
20753
25178
392228
9094
20594
33989
22114
18468
71550
31118
15603
450821
31539
181339
87726
13738
41922
83335
12912
31763
2007
12551
7557
17551
90479
11368
19654
14421
37416
7648
23348
60561
24806
72017
24092
42767
33273
16745
96798
257380
186999
10833
9540
11666
17886
21884
26549
413592
9589
21716
35840
23318
19474
75447
32812
16453
475376
33257
191216
92504
14487
44206
87874
13615
33493
2020
13001
7828
18180
93724
11775
20358
14938
38758
7922
24185
65706
26914
78136
26139
46401
36100
18168
105023
279249
202887
11753
10351
12657
19405
23743
28805
448733
10404
23561
38885
25299
21129
81857
35600
17851
515766
36082
207463
100364
15717
47962
95340
14772
36339
1990
147.738
98.445
127.168
723.138
80.559
125.161
110.816
401.807
56.910
215.111
510.471
128.325
581.653
153.773
218.504
235.689
203.487
654.671
1137.438
1083.058
95.231
115.424
95.235
123.924
164.288
225.979
2025.685
59.362
146.718
187.277
158.805
298.495
445.992
283.073
124.361
1660.465
317.967
1020.473
689.486
114.145
370.482
602.808
237.219
190.293
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
137.788
80.988
179.677
583.643
107.976
174.831
141.352
321.972
86.483
187.392
459.540
226.338
675.529
303.914
409.375
323.270
200.259
884.248
2553.901
1523.678
150.299
141.873
130.167
165.280
187.986
310.343
3825.220
70.900
238.024
329.602
259.711
268.516
496.015
371.716
178.321
2706.882
213.085
1837.218
693.790
169.766
270.414
941.977
67.641
287.946
2007
169.493
99.626
220.787
715.426
132.644
214.727
173.621
395.361
106.381
241 .240
569.493
277.637
871.022
372.914
502.137
396.541
245.705
1057.184
3042.722
1882.566
184.454
174.113
159.692
202.698
230.523
380.759
4851.280
86.902
292.038
404.249
318.615
329.536
607.957
456.041
218.755
3235.604
261.145
2247.462
853.110
208.291
331.344
1211.441
82.838
353.100
2020
210.545
123.749
274.085
886.865
164.642
266.492
215.483
490.609
132.151
310.897
706.490
342.683
1118.892
460.388
619.790
489.455
303.319
1284.177
3688.379
2332.811
227.749
214.970
197.127
250.151
284.479
470.037
6170.870
107.212
360.517
498.928
393.301
406.872
750.064
562.961
270.032
3922.906
322.167
2766.321
1053.331
257.128
408.717
1553.810
102.147
435.754
-------
State
No.
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
County
No.
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
FIPS
22069
22071
22073
22075
22077
22079
22081
22083
22085
22087
22089
22091
22093
22095
22097
22099
22101
22103
22105
22107
22109
22111
22113
22115
22117
22119
22121
22123
22125
22127
23001
23003
23005
23007
23009
23011
23013
23015
23017
23019
23021
23023
23025
23027
State
Code
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
Natchitoches Parish, LA R
Orleans Parish, LA
Ouachita Parish, LA
Plaquemines Parish, LA U2
Pointe Coupee Parsish
Rapides Parish, LA
Red River Parish, LA
Richland Parish, LA
Sabine Parish, LA
St. Bernard Parish, LA
St. Charles Parish, LA
St. Helena Parish, LA
St. James Parish, LA
St. John the Baptist Pari U1
St. Landry Parish, LA
St. Martin Parish, LA
St. Mary Parish, LA
St. Tammany Parish, L/ U1
Tangipahoa Parish, LA
Tensas Parish, LA
Terrebonne Parish, LA
Union Parish, LA
Vermilion Parish, LA
Vernon Parish, LA
Washington Parish, LA
Webster Parish, LA
West Baton Rouge Pari: U1
West Carroll Parish, LA
West Feliciana Parish, L R
Winn Parish, LA
Androscoggin, ME
Aroostook, ME
Cumberland, ME
Franklin, ME
Hancock, ME
Kennebec, ME
Knox, ME
Lincoln, ME
Oxford, ME
Penobscot, ME
Piscataquis, ME
Sagadahoc, ME
Somerset, ME
Waldo, ME
Urban/
Rural
R
U1
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
NR
NN
NR
NN
NN
NR
NR
NR
NN
NN
NN
NR
NN
NN
Population
1990
37199
496938
142191
25575
22540
131556
9518
20629
22646
66631
42437
9874
20879
39996
80312
44097
58086
144500
85709
7103
96982
20796
50055
61961
43185
41989
19419
12093
12915
16496
105259
86936
243135
29008
46948
115904
36310
30357
52602
146601
18653
33535
49767
33018
1996
37273
473067
146360
25816
23479
127215
9671
20828
23603
66319
46952
9795
20975
41732
83015
46387
57112
178863
93890
6798
102303
21646
51459
53279
43101
42510
20318
12181
13224
17587
101647
78500
250252
29014
49254
115888
37367
31423
53608
143772
18363
35359
51870
35591
2007
39303
498834
154332
27222
24758
134144
10197
21962
24888
69931
49509
10329
22117
44005
87536
48914
60223
188605
99004
7168
107875
22825
54262
56181
45449
44826
21425
12845
13944
18545
106204
82019
261472
30315
51462
121083
39042
32832
56012
150217
19187
36944
54195
37187
2020
42642
541218
167445
29535
26862
145541
11064
23828
27003
75873
53715
11206
23997
47744
94974
53070
65340
204630
107416
7777
117041
24765
58872
60954
49310
48634
23245
13936
15129
20121
113726
87828
279990
32462
55107
129659
41807
35157
59979
160856
20545
39561
58033
39821
1990
317.584
2091.093
852.645
215.737
198.548
812.500
115.633
278.524
192.016
327.731
454.633
79.446
197.473
384.850
585.315
381.163
423.676
1065.051
796.407
62.273
601.857
145.572
315.451
355.529
726.000
279.113
351.995
89.414
62.473
153.122
943.589
956.407
2539.849
291.907
406.225
999.957
293.143
305.441
479.847
1517.716
184.533
276.080
528.578
378.711
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
321.768
2932.876
1370.624
129.070
268.596
1365.475
143.818
206.367
301.723
420.977
253.079
151.278
212.817
49.796
809.927
476.232
346.142
1561.154
943.680
108.824
788.556
268.746
539.384
582.009
397.011
363.609
258.573
185.276
197.870
160.436
1095.505
780.029
2788.563
352.925
540.350
912.771
365.139
420.387
630.629
1638.876
222.544
278.753
502.978
385.626
2007
394.550
3503.173
1706.700
155.788
329.528
1631.112
176.501
253.111
370.228
503.910
303.971
185.658
259.122
59.878
1004.116
590.484
424.036
1889.943
1157.613
133.556
960.858
329.751
661.639
713.752
486.859
439.325
331.910
227.381
242.836
196.771
1320.538
970.427
3519.695
439.737
673.102
1134.651
454.549
524.066
785.704
2011.580
277.263
346.633
626.155
480.400
2020
486.901
4245.472
2131.205
189.969
406.783
1972.654
217.918
312.404
457.067
611.461
369.595
229.235
317.583
72.855
1245.949
732.759
522.986
2308.610
1428.903
164.898
1180.010
407.078
816.679
880.880
600.846
536.976
425.240
280.736
299.828
242.847
1629.480
1222.380
4514.134
554.408
848.499
1428.560
572.765
660.920
990.536
2506.819
349.538
436.525
789.029
605.600
-------
State County
No. No.
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
29
31
1
3
5
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
510
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
1
3
5
7
FIPS
23029
23031
24001
24003
24005
24009
24011
24013
24015
24017
24019
24021
24023
24025
24027
24029
24031
24033
24035
24037
24039
24041
24043
24045
24047
24510
25001
25003
25005
25007
25009
25011
25013
25015
25017
25019
25021
25023
25025
25027
26001
26003
26005
26007
State
Code
ME
ME
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
County
Washington, ME
York, ME
Allegany, MD
Anne Arundel, MD
Baltimore, MD
Calvert, MD
Caroline, MD
Carroll, MD
Cecil, MD
Charles, MD
Dorchester, MD
Frederick, MD
Garrett, MD
Harford, MD
Howard, MD
Kent, MD
Montgomery, MD
Prince George's, MD
Queen Anne's, MD
St. Mary's, MD
Somerset, MD
Talbot, MD
Washington, MD
Wicomico, MD
Worcester, MD
Baltimore City, MD
Barnstable, MA
Berkshire, MA
Bristol, MA
Dukes, MA
Essex, MA
Franklin, MA
Hampden, MA
Hampshire, MA
Middlesex, MA
Nantucket, MA
Norfolk, MA
Plymouth, MA
Suffolk, MA
Worcester, MA
Alcona, Ml
Alger, Ml
Allegan, Ml
Alpena, Ml
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U2
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
R
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
U2
U2
U1
R
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
U2
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
NN
NR
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Population
1990
35308
164587
74946
427239
692134
51372
27035
123372
71347
101154
30236
150208
28138
182132
187328
17842
762207
723373
33953
75974
23440
30549
121393
74339
35028
736014
186605
139352
506325
11639
670080
70092
456310
146568
1398468
6012
616087
435276
663906
709705
10145
8972
90509
30605
1996
35889
172237
72669
463915
716587
66836
29171
143570
79422
113086
29942
178500
29315
208213
222873
18892
817543
763882
38359
84297
24326
32696
127189
78607
41103
668507
202482
134974
514190
13301
688354
71163
443165
149626
1415097
7294
635935
458319
645901
723278
10861
9817
99146
30633
2007
37498
179959
79201
505615
780999
72843
31793
156475
86561
123251
32633
194545
31950
226929
242906
20590
891030
832545
41807
91874
26513
35635
138622
85672
44797
728597
211240
140812
536430
13876
718128
74241
462333
156098
1476304
7610
663441
478142
673838
754562
11109
10041
101411
31333
2020
40154
192705
86655
553205
854508
79700
34786
171202
94708
134852
35705
212855
34957
248288
265769
22528
974895
910905
45742
100521
29008
38989
151669
93736
49014
797174
223696
149115
568062
14695
760474
78618
489596
165303
1563358
8059
702563
506337
713573
799057
11340
10250
103520
31985
1990
379.681
1389.092
758.693
3260.051
5528.619
458.642
306.436
1538.872
1010.398
713.257
315.741
1578.353
490.925
1660.185
1204.193
195.761
5363.245
6128.590
337.756
669.383
231.654
281.256
1485.598
707.943
343.809
5963.897
1279.227
1633.616
3550.746
75.723
4754.978
1091.623
3228.568
1254.365
9283.863
32.464
4993.525
2882.564
2286.075
5716.818
95.889
77.631
772.292
265.888
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996 2007
451.895
1414.709
787.527
3976.245
6463.586
706.706
370.107
1326.701
1035.276
662.070
294.072
1577.636
430.583
1671.799
1847.285
214.377
7020.783
6652.736
519.567
862.194
316.516
330.230
1423.194
784.601
303.127
6482.614
2150.411
847.920
4998.519
101.599
5979.293
420.603
3761.102
956.022
11542.630
25.972
4878.203
3369.436
5193.250
5592.893
127.002
79.552
930.389
249.458
563.171
1757.072
894.137
4896.204
7956.911
931.040
473.172
1660.410
1322.249
871.297
375.813
2063.042
550.546
2072.818
2278.580
274.037
9082.963
8601.300
650.497
1102.067
404.651
422.079
1822.513
1002.797
387.317
7957.461
2772.015
996.500
6124.914
125.901
7319.570
521.074
4529.748
1159.165
14126.545
32.165
5968.563
4152.915
6345.321
6876.761
152.623
95.553
1178.673
299.586
2020
710.109
2211.068
1044.983
6066.133
9856.594
1226.728
604.566
2077.254
1691.292
1147.263
480.046
2706.181
703.467
2578.766
2825.959
350.107
11837.415
11205.312
813.987
1407.930
517.006
539.201
2342.306
1281.037
494.703
9840.185
3579.599
1193.659
7618.656
157.786
9099.182
652.952
5558.825
1428.105
17558.533
40.299
7417.310
5184.304
7878.847
8571.921
184.854
115.692
1498.564
362.703
-------
State County
No. No.
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
FIPS
26009
26011
26013
26015
26017
26019
26021
26023
26025
26027
26029
26031
26033
26035
26037
26039
26041
26043
26045
26047
26049
26051
26053
26055
26057
26059
26061
26063
26065
26067
26069
26071
26073
26075
26077
26079
26081
26083
26085
26087
26089
26091
26093
26095
State
Code
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
County
Antrim, Ml
Arenac, Ml
Baraga, Ml
Barry, Ml
Bay, Ml
Benzie, Ml
Berrien, Ml
Branch, Ml
Calhoun, Ml
Cass, Ml
Charlevoix, Ml
Cheboygan, Ml
Chippewa, Ml
Clare, Ml
Clinton, Ml
Crawford, Ml
Delta, Ml
Dickinson, Ml
Eaton, Ml
Emmet, Ml
Genesee, Ml
Gladwin, Ml
Gogebic, Ml
Grand Traverse, Ml
Gratiot, Ml
Hillsdale, Ml
Houghton, Ml
Huron, Ml
Ingham, Ml
Ionia, Ml
losco, Ml
Iron, Ml
Isabella, Ml
Jackson, Ml
Kalamazoo, Ml
Kalkaska, Ml
Kent, Ml
Keweenaw, Ml
Lake, Ml
Lapeer, Ml
Leelanau, Ml
Lenawee, Ml
Livingston, Ml
Luce, Ml
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
Mapped
Area
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Population
1990
18185
14906
7954
50057
111723
12200
161378
41502
135982
49477
21468
21398
34604
24952
57893
12260
37780
26831
92879
25040
430459
21896
18052
64273
38982
43431
35446
34951
281912
57024
30209
13175
54624
149756
22341 1
13497
500631
1701
8583
74768
16527
91476
115645
5763
1996
20576
16196
8377
53036
110609
13991
160808
43324
140987
49897
23321
23230
37429
28431
62345
13649
38655
27029
99131
27868
434688
24453
17527
71891
39875
45839
35758
35224
283778
60528
25855
13082
57195
154547
228366
15172
533883
2024
9929
85161
18437
97066
138161
6467
2007
21047
16566
8569
54248
113136
14311
164483
44314
144209
51037
23854
23761
38284
29081
63770
13960
39538
27647
101396
28505
444621
25012
17927
73534
40786
46886
36575
36029
290263
61911
26446
13381
58502
158079
233585
15519
546083
2070
10156
87107
18858
99284
141318
6614
2020
21484
16911
8747
55377
115489
14609
167904
45236
147208
52099
24350
24255
39081
29686
65096
14251
40361
28222
103505
29097
453869
25532
18300
75064
41635
47861
37336
36779
296300
63199
26996
13660
59718
161367
238443
15841
557441
2113
10367
88919
19250
101349
144258
6752
1990
235.379
185.692
72.841
314.459
1043.345
134.583
1573.748
333.159
1410.654
341.836
167.560
225.964
268.185
220.432
606.908
119.513
302.637
178.680
794.886
248.803
4488.457
196.476
138.685
532.433
326.730
382.394
307.347
345.321
2091.450
563.364
245.945
134.239
431.130
1589.524
1808.398
165.025
5008.125
19.325
120.335
842.194
189.415
739.412
1178.949
65.556
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
227.651
186.917
99.574
549.542
1067.398
152.728
1752.649
406.442
1240.666
530.963
191.116
209.018
260.254
276.892
576.437
153.479
258.394
138.481
824.596
242.166
4707.840
242.532
145.349
626.644
301.144
447.509
301.925
396.521
2567.928
527.927
284.378
164.932
409.627
1689.932
2314.901
168.964
5100.277
21.295
107.449
810.255
206.414
729.424
1234.113
72.145
2007
273.580
224.626
119.662
660.296
1260.289
183.540
2050.037
488.272
1513.308
637.511
229.556
251.099
312.504
332.703
712.988
184.442
310.207
166.126
1015.328
290.918
5377.994
291.415
174.555
752.801
361 .622
537.649
362.627
476.458
3130.787
634.155
341.610
198.209
491.860
2024.021
2818.400
203.052
6371.118
25.590
129.125
944.541
248.056
930.542
1575.158
86.701
2020
331.353
272.060
144.934
799.637
1504.092
222.302
2413.174
591.253
1855.869
771.728
277.956
304.065
378.312
402.918
886.384
223.390
375.474
200.999
1258.886
352.270
6273.679
352.925
211.326
911.586
437.786
651.073
439.046
577.017
3858.971
767.873
413.646
240.060
595.437
2441.573
3452.470
245.930
8032.766
30.990
156.394
1111.905
300.443
1190.716
2016.163
105.003
-------
State
No.
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
County
No.
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
FIPS
26097
26099
26101
26103
26105
26107
26109
26111
26113
26115
26117
26119
26121
26123
26125
26127
26129
26131
26133
26135
26137
26139
26141
26143
26145
26147
26149
26151
26153
26155
26157
26159
26161
26163
26165
27001
27003
27005
27007
27009
27011
27013
27015
27017
State
Code
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
County
Mackinac, Ml
Macomb, Ml
Manistee, Ml
Marquette, Ml
Mason, Ml
Mecosta, Ml
Menominee, Ml
Midland, Ml
Missaukee, Ml
Monroe, Ml
Montcalm, Ml
Montmorency, Ml
Muskegon, Ml
Newaygo, Ml
Oakland, Ml
Oceana, Ml
Ogemaw, Ml
Ontonagon, Ml
Osceola, Ml
Oscoda, Ml
Otsego, Ml
Ottawa, Ml
Presque Isle, Ml
Roscommon, Ml
Saginaw, Ml
St. Clair, Ml
St. Joseph, Ml
Sanilac, Ml
Schoolcraft, Ml
Shiawassee, Ml
Tuscola, Ml
Van Buren, Ml
Washtenaw, Ml
Wayne, Ml
Wexford, Ml
Aitkin, MN
Anoka, MN
Becker, MN
Beltrami, MN
Benton, MN
Big Stone, MN
Blue Earth, MN
Brown, MN
Carlton, MN
Urban/
Rural
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
Mapped
Area
Ml
Ol
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ol
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ol
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Population
1990
10674
717400
21265
70887
25537
37308
24920
75651
12147
133600
53059
8936
158983
38206
1083592
22455
18681
8854
20146
7842
17957
187768
13743
19776
211946
145607
58913
39928
8302
69770
55498
70060
282937
2111687
26360
12425
243641
27881
34384
30185
6285
54044
26984
29259
1996
11050
774015
22906
63091
27523
38911
24511
80448
13463
141058
58706
9831
164896
44080
1154666
24293
20630
8222
21759
8701
21251
215741
14299
22689
211373
155976
60902
42335
8684
71884
57717
74882
297136
2124887
28749
13662
280526
29046
38091
33173
5774
54038
27188
30485
2007
11303
791702
23429
64533
28152
39800
25071
82287
13770
144281
60047
10056
168665
45087
1181052
24848
21102
8410
22256
8900
21737
220671
14626
23207
216204
159540
62294
43302
8883
73526
59036
76593
303926
2173443
29406
14855
305034
31583
41419
36071
6279
58759
29563
33148
2020
11538
808169
23916
65875
28737
40628
25593
83998
14057
147282
61296
10265
172173
46025
1205616
25365
21540
8585
22719
9085
22189
225260
14930
23690
220700
162858
63590
44203
9067
75056
60264
78186
310248
2218648
30017
15841
325281
33680
44168
38465
6695
62659
31526
35348
1990
110.595
5389.995
175.361
544.034
187.187
257.466
214.750
566.021
108.939
1418.493
444.569
73.758
1006.285
272.739
8085.274
174.240
207.538
97.083
238.979
67.519
168.810
1226.850
123.677
206.754
1909.806
1430.347
438.197
401.567
67.469
735.493
530.650
759.507
2351.844
17748.700
270.806
156.206
1827.986
287.009
276.507
237.276
70.232
388.474
199.951
359.288
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
103.390
6721.796
186.927
412.057
219.533
318.666
201.317
501.790
152.064
1130.328
568.849
1 1 1 .866
1449.957
432.615
10262.520
281.094
203.616
110.840
252.201
98.171
186.463
1756.518
129.166
208.092
1976.126
1550.192
530.970
499.845
63.241
594.444
616.904
774.274
3053.640
19784.628
211.033
198.634
2454.878
344.949
378.895
326.480
100.475
386.048
175.832
315.250
2007
124.203
7693.040
224.520
494.480
263.673
382.733
241.768
598.361
182.744
1313.330
683.472
134.436
1817.959
519.826
11763.747
337.804
244.648
133.202
303.081
117.978
224.025
2207.114
155.160
250.016
2331.866
1790.548
637.783
600.687
75.940
713.955
741 .243
955.245
3842.971
22623.254
253.431
249.036
3096.664
432.351
474.818
407.925
125.972
483.389
220.118
395.047
2020
150.396
8958.108
271.850
598.387
319.245
463.400
292.709
718.303
221.327
1543.058
827.700
162.831
2297.174
629.548
13711.035
409.137
296.281
161.330
367.086
142.885
271.293
2792.536
187.878
302.763
2781.978
2096.408
772.242
727.529
91.934
864.414
897.697
1179.635
4877.764
26329.493
306.827
311.417
3911.273
540.557
593.600
510.373
157.531
604.025
275.014
493.859
-------
State
No.
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
County
No.
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
FIPS
27019
27021
27023
27025
27027
27029
27031
27033
27035
27037
27039
27041
27043
27045
27047
27049
27051
27053
27055
27057
27059
27061
27063
27065
27067
27069
27071
27073
27075
27077
27079
27081
27083
27085
27087
27089
27091
27093
27095
27097
27099
27101
27103
27105
State
Code
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
County
Carver, MN
Cass, MN
Chippewa, MN
Chisago, MN
Clay, MN
Clearwater, MN
Cook, MN
Cottonwood, MN
Crow Wing, MN
Dakota, MN
Dodge, MN
Douglas, MN
Faribault, MN
Fillmore, MN
Freeborn, MN
Goodhue, MN
Grant, MN
Hennepin, MN
Houston, MN
Hubbard, MN
Isanti, MN
Itasca, MN
Jackson, MN
Kanabec, MN
Kandiyohi, MN
Kittson, MN
Koochiching, MN
Lacqui Parle, MN
Lake, MN
Lake of the Woods,
Le Sueur, MN
Lincoln, MN
Lyon, MN
McLeod, MN
Mahnomen, MN
Marshall, MN
Martin, MN
Meeker, MN
Mille Lacs, MN
Morrison, MN
Mower, MN
Murray, MN
Nicollet, MN
Nobles, MN
Urban/
Rural
U1
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
MN R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
MN
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Population
1990
47915
21791
13228
30521
50422
8309
3868
12694
44249
275189
15731
28674
16937
20777
33060
40690
6246
1032431
18497
14939
25921
40863
11677
12802
38761
5767
16299
8924
10415
4076
23239
6890
24789
32030
5044
10993
22914
20846
18670
29604
37385
9660
28076
20098
1996
61015
25181
13049
38165
51617
8216
4615
12319
50126
326100
16820
30434
16504
20702
31776
42418
6156
1050214
19124
16498
29038
43170
11697
13865
40757
5416
15770
8219
10673
4473
24650
6600
24557
33451
5083
10592
22339
21425
20384
30373
37168
9546
29755
19783
2007
66345
27381
14189
41499
56126
8934
5019
13396
54505
354590
18290
33093
17946
22510
34552
46124
6694
1141967
20794
17940
31574
46942
12719
15076
44318
5890
17148
8937
11605
4864
26803
7177
26702
36374
5527
11517
24291
23297
22165
33026
40415
10380
32355
21511
2020
70749
29198
15131
44254
59852
9527
5352
14285
58123
378126
19504
35289
19137
24004
36846
49185
7138
1217765
22175
19130
33670
50058
13563
16077
47260
6281
18286
9530
12376
5186
28582
7653
28474
38788
5893
12282
25903
24844
23636
35219
43098
11069
34502
22939
1990
313.157
245.312
122.929
430.305
434.479
102.100
47.687
137.079
377.229
1754.615
150.335
369.124
242.048
235.366
363.834
321.385
119.983
8361.116
173.415
141.320
250.545
440.650
180.808
119.409
305.683
77.756
139.774
123.435
98.291
43.866
235.915
95.645
207.571
240.287
64.503
151.815
266.825
194.405
190.496
285.596
383.224
134.099
173.208
235.256
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
457.894
348.363
116.760
487.925
431.659
132.833
61.835
137.884
465.296
2680.056
198.114
339.354
213.886
332.152
250.428
369.988
99.852
10237.863
205.384
195.339
337.022
532.653
132.622
160.539
353.399
92.194
134.126
142.666
1 1 1 .048
65.162
296.682
110.148
213.687
266.447
80.636
175.739
195.224
241.507
242.015
363.428
264.937
154.430
151.280
169.769
2007
583.807
436.759
146.264
626.155
542.298
166.538
77.526
172.788
583.051
3378.264
248.317
425.314
268.086
416.437
313.613
463.511
125.189
12885.489
261.877
244.852
432.396
667.657
166.205
201.219
442.728
115.588
167.998
178.865
139.156
81.695
371.867
138.097
267.674
333.742
101.098
220.335
244.543
302.669
303.354
455.507
331.737
193.616
189.282
212.652
2020
742.188
546.174
182.813
799.160
678.440
208.263
96.949
216.011
728.876
4265.039
310.472
531.741
335.186
520.750
391.900
579.348
156.550
16252.769
333.918
306.137
551.784
834.781
207.783
251.583
553.365
144.557
209.963
223.667
173.959
102.163
464.945
172.692
334.556
417.105
126.421
275.524
305.634
378.404
379.295
569.494
414.507
242.121
236.411
265.778
-------
State
No.
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
County
No.
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
FIPS
27107
27109
27111
27113
27115
27117
27119
27121
27123
27125
27127
27129
27131
27133
27135
27137
27139
27141
27143
27145
27147
27149
27151
27153
27155
27157
27159
27161
27163
27165
27167
27169
27171
27173
28001
28003
28005
28007
28009
28011
28013
28015
28017
28019
State
Code
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
County
Norman, MN
Olmsted, MN
Otter Tail, MN
Pennington, MN
Pine, MN
Pipestone, MN
Polk, MN
Pope, MN
Ramsey, MN
Red Lake, MN
Redwood, MN
Renville, MN
Rice, MN
Rock, MN
Roseau, MN
St. Louis, MN
Scott, MN
Sherburne, MN
Sibley, MN
Stearns, MN
Steele, MN
Stevens, MN
Swift, MN
Todd, MN
Traverse, MN
Wabasha, MN
Wadena, MN
Waseca, MN
Washington, MN
Watonwan, MN
Wilkin, MN
Winona, MN
Wright, MN
Yellow Medicine, MN
Adams, MS
Alcorn, MS
Amite, MS
Attala, MS
Benton, MS
Bolivar, MS
Calhoun, MS
Carroll, MS
Chickasaw, MS
Choctaw, MS
Urban/
Rural
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
U2
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Urban/
Rural
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
U2
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
7975
106470
50714
13306
21264
10491
32589
10745
485783
4525
17254
17673
49183
9806
15026
198213
57846
41945
14366
119324
30729
10634
10724
23363
4463
19744
13154
18079
145858
11682
7516
47828
68710
11684
35356
31722
13328
18481
8046
41875
14908
9237
18085
9071
1996
7754
113455
53721
13513
23244
10141
32162
10880
484558
4370
16741
17153
52960
9877
16120
195450
73473
55592
14545
126366
31416
10209
10811
23881
4305
20605
12983
18155
185021
11733
7388
48200
81092
11589
34648
32595
13643
18405
7983
40750
15019
9957
18247
9277
2007
8431
123367
58414
14693
25275
11027
34972
11830
526892
4752
18204
18651
57587
10740
17528
212525
79892
60449
15816
137406
34161
11101
11756
25967
4681
22405
14118
19741
201185
12759
8034
52411
88177
12601
37355
35141
14709
19843
8606
43935
16193
10735
19673
10002
2020
8991
131555
62291
15668
26952
11759
37293
12615
561865
5067
19412
19889
61410
11453
18691
226632
85195
64462
16866
146527
36429
11838
12536
27691
4992
23892
15055
21052
214539
13605
8567
55890
94030
13438
39330
37000
15486
20892
9061
46258
17049
11303
20713
10530
1990
109.298
911.688
709.908
107.507
332.483
98.513
273.800
116.368
4076.615
63.754
185.169
216.109
405.216
121.028
146.535
1935.209
389.309
274.877
180.029
1306.396
274.667
90.503
122.346
348.487
64.587
194.168
127.079
151.540
1074.792
110.490
91.777
422.637
888.360
138.519
258.290
271.074
141.324
168.123
86.185
357.284
165.583
151.398
148.314
95.099
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
127.494
1004.812
622.473
91.062
300.253
98.550
295.383
132.576
4821.518
72.340
202.034
242.693
306.347
90.211
240.215
1792.290
505.226
418.966
229.664
1244.460
196.820
84.754
122.307
295.383
71.349
214.580
141.851
161.670
1349.005
120.475
63.838
295.013
805.629
151.156
307.161
341.558
201.594
197.892
121.701
390.268
225.492
139.714
189.681
137.203
2007
159.844
1283.355
780.185
114.014
376.391
123.467
355.746
166.166
6066.854
90.696
253.205
304.225
383.462
113.016
301.168
2109.427
642.652
536.565
287.940
1556.044
246.383
106.148
153.280
370.235
89.453
268.898
177.758
202.532
1709.918
150.960
79.964
369.267
1033.479
189.467
372.986
415.557
245.839
240.756
148.412
474.223
274.984
170.380
230.725
167.318
2020
199.885
1633.276
975.430
142.447
470.635
154.331
430.177
207.755
7651.040
113.414
316.559
380.394
479.053
141.265
376.607
2503.590
815.841
683.979
360.060
1947.679
307.819
132.656
191.624
462.907
1 1 1 .869
336.160
222.214
253.129
2166.108
188.723
99.945
461.312
1318.726
236.885
456.405
509.082
301.581
294.929
182.056
580.517
337.332
209.017
282.612
205.250
-------
State
No.
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
County
No.
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
FIPS
28021
28023
28025
28027
28029
28031
28033
28035
28037
28039
28041
28043
28045
28047
28049
28051
28053
28055
28057
28059
28061
28063
28065
28067
28069
28071
28073
28075
28077
28079
28081
28083
28085
28087
28089
28091
28093
28095
28097
28099
28101
28103
28105
28107
State
Code
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
County
Claiborne, MS
Clarke, MS
Clay, MS
Coahoma, MS
Copiah, MS
Covington, MS
DeSoto, MS
Forrest, MS
Franklin, MS
George, MS
Greene, MS
Grenada, MS
Hancock, MS
Harrison, MS
Hinds, MS
Holmes, MS
Humphreys, MS
Issaquena, MS
Itawamba, MS
Jackson, MS
Jasper, MS
Jefferson, MS
Jefferson Davis, MS
Jones, MS
Kemper, MS
Lafayette, MS
Lamar, MS
Lauderdale, MS
Lawrence, MS
Leake, MS
Lee, MS
Leflore, MS
Lincoln, MS
Lowndes, MS
Madison, MS
Marion, MS
Marshall, MS
Monroe, MS
Montgomery, MS
Neshoba, MS
Newton, MS
Noxubee, MS
Oktibbeha, MS
Panola, MS
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
U2
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
U2
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
11370
17313
21120
31665
27592
16527
67910
68314
8377
16673
10220
21555
31760
165365
254441
21604
12134
1909
20017
115243
17114
8653
14051
62031
10356
31826
30424
75555
12458
18436
65579
37341
30278
59308
53794
25544
30361
36582
12387
24800
20291
12604
38375
29996
1996
11679
17900
21507
31381
28710
17367
88575
72981
8276
18587
11615
22341
38189
174147
248485
21450
11426
1676
20903
126650
17543
8506
13977
63221
10410
34022
35053
76565
12876
19255
72748
37202
31499
60931
68446
26300
32110
37919
12389
26804
21224
12403
39058
32444
2007
12592
19299
23187
33833
30953
18724
95496
78684
8923
20039
12523
24087
41174
187755
267901
23126
12319
1807
22537
136546
18914
9171
15069
68161
11223
36680
37792
82547
13882
20760
78433
40109
33961
65693
73794
28355
34619
40882
13357
28898
22882
13372
42110
34979
2020
13258
20319
24413
35622
32590
19714
100545
82844
9394
21099
13185
25360
43351
197682
282066
24349
12970
1902
23728
143766
19914
9656
15866
71765
11817
38620
39791
86912
14616
21858
82580
42230
35756
69166
77696
29854
36450
43044
14063
30426
24092
14079
44337
36829
1990
129.803
235.880
173.098
270.896
316.270
168.364
659.905
589.582
86.767
161.705
103.883
198.418
272.095
1199.271
2501.994
300.101
130.422
26.562
198.614
970.488
267.380
97.053
146.364
691.092
107.275
272.213
334.362
689.849
132.330
179.133
459.698
308.963
358.416
430.507
481 .226
228.096
268.558
302.996
144.718
215.139
271.488
139.661
295.085
388.867
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
171.978
230.370
220.159
248.326
301.969
220.259
882.184
842.102
126.707
221.555
154.583
198.959
380.401
2121.758
3450.357
293.542
153.870
28.875
263.152
1393.992
258.859
130.880
212.530
675.533
156.640
364.606
430.383
633.548
188.434
234.161
584.413
343.666
338.162
584.859
657.878
306.655
374.298
390.389
120.645
296.067
263.623
190.642
364.547
378.811
2007
209.722
280.712
267.784
301.217
367.439
268.394
1109.247
1012.787
154.517
269.967
188.510
241.738
470.694
2608.825
4294.001
357.736
187.434
35.212
320.631
1716.058
315.673
159.607
259.175
821.965
191.019
443.815
522.640
769.041
229.792
285.244
709.830
417.549
411.546
711.041
824.761
373.402
455.855
474.933
146.658
360.497
321.181
232.486
443.047
461.433
2020
257.287
344.197
328.003
368.350
450.157
329.098
1399.208
1232.199
189.555
331.023
231.261
295.908
586.915
3240.562
5378.920
438.689
229.790
43.202
393.131
2133.160
387.265
195.799
317.944
1007.001
234.333
543.850
639.543
940.831
281.893
349.691
868.724
511.099
504.252
870.682
1037.704
457.668
558.788
581.791
179.579
441.836
393.788
285.197
542.407
565.668
-------
State
No.
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
County
No.
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
FIPS
28109
28111
28113
28115
28117
28119
28121
28123
28125
28127
28129
28131
28133
28135
28137
28139
28141
28143
28145
28147
28149
28151
28153
28155
28157
28159
28161
28163
29001
29003
29005
29007
29009
29011
29013
29015
29017
29019
29021
29023
29025
29027
29029
29031
State
Code
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
County
Pearl River, MS
Perry, MS
Pike, MS
Pontotoc, MS
Prentiss, MS
Quitman, MS
Rankin, MS
Scott, MS
Sharkey, MS
Simpson, MS
Smith, MS
Stone, MS
Sunflower, MS
Tallahatchie, MS
Tate, MS
Tippah, MS
Tishomingo, MS
Tunica, MS
Union, MS
Walthall, MS
Warren, MS
Washington, MS
Wayne, MS
Webster, MS
Wilkinson, MS
Winston, MS
Yalobusha, MS
Yazoo, MS
Adair, MO
Andrew, MO
Atchison, MO
Audrain, MO
Barry, MO
Barton, MO
Bates, MO
Benton, MO
Bellinger, MO
Boone, MO
Buchanan, MO
Butler, MO
Caldwell, MO
Callaway, MO
Camden, MO
Cape Girardeau, MO
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
38714
10865
36882
22237
23278
10490
87161
24137
7066
23953
14798
10750
35129
15210
21432
19523
17683
8164
22085
14352
47880
67935
19517
10222
9678
19433
12033
25506
24577
14632
7457
23599
27547
11312
15025
13859
10619
112379
83083
38765
8380
32809
27495
61633
1996
44609
11658
37833
24394
24073
9919
104168
24980
6679
25027
15091
12571
34944
15086
23265
20702
18437
8102
23399
14335
49027
66115
20027
10385
9265
19291
12287
25407
24339
15226
7183
23572
31952
11858
15731
16148
11384
126033
81971
40173
8647
36343
32428
65385
2007
48095
12569
40790
26301
25954
10694
112308
26932
7201
26983
16270
13554
37674
16264
25082
22320
19878
8735
25227
15455
52858
71281
21592
11196
9989
20798
13247
27392
26190
16384
7729
25365
34382
12760
16928
17376
12250
135619
88206
43229
9304
39107
34894
70358
2020
50638
13233
42946
27691
27327
11260
118246
28356
7582
28409
17131
14270
39666
17124
26409
23500
20929
9197
26561
16272
55653
75050
22734
11788
10517
21898
13947
28840
27786
17383
8200
26912
36478
13538
17960
18435
12997
143887
93583
45864
9871
41491
37021
74647
1990
393.060
104.272
435.865
194.454
208.104
133.576
826.766
294.266
69.563
213.752
159.382
84.610
288.819
165.115
261.019
173.980
178.802
102.033
189.885
145.469
543.062
473.259
172.083
108.882
105.932
164.524
161.671
298.243
155.128
211.934
190.736
190.522
265.161
104.289
160.971
152.068
128.576
1273.866
667.045
315.442
108.093
463.405
249.853
524.662
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
429.911
164.339
422.284
282.893
238.963
158.667
1232.427
268.330
106.878
320.113
223.829
125.345
321.341
230.059
268.355
232.472
230.948
123.486
254.802
217.083
479.656
382.269
235.049
154.614
146.386
210.081
139.782
240.402
149.355
166.128
127.934
182.806
401.546
127.903
192.700
237.769
182.182
1342.764
777.224
395.243
143.771
398.537
391.112
363.730
2007
523.181
200.409
514.020
344.610
290.620
193.491
1544.072
326.549
130.335
390.077
272.955
152.597
390.641
280.554
326.863
283.059
281.383
150.588
310.174
264.727
583.222
461 .660
286.218
188.549
178.514
255.604
170.164
292.149
185.557
200.620
159.402
227.335
500.176
159.234
239.972
296.255
226.995
1737.986
926.723
491.935
179.133
496.246
487.157
451.838
2020
641.011
245.853
629.878
422.467
355.933
237.363
1942.015
400.097
159.888
478.307
334.838
187.006
478.330
344.164
400.694
346.912
344.993
184.734
380.097
324.753
714.227
563.081
350.805
231.300
218.989
313.140
208.536
357.657
231.709
242.579
199.401
284.042
625.560
199.088
300.083
370.578
283.951
2258.708
1112.066
614.959
224.078
620.507
609.273
564.173
-------
State
No.
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
County
No.
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
FIPS
29033
29035
29037
29039
29041
29043
29045
29047
29049
29051
29053
29055
29057
29059
29061
29063
29065
29067
29069
29071
29073
29075
29077
29079
29081
29083
29085
29087
29089
29091
29093
29095
29097
29099
29101
29103
29105
29107
29109
29111
29113
29115
29117
29119
State
Code
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
County
Carroll, MO
Carter, MO
Cass, MO
Cedar, MO
Chariton, MO
Christian, MO
Clark, MO
Clay, MO
Clinton, MO
Cole, MO
Cooper, MO
Crawford, MO
Dade, MO
Dallas, MO
Daviess, MO
DeKalb, MO
Dent, MO
Douglas, MO
Dunklin, MO
Franklin, MO
Gasconade, MO
Gentry, MO
Greene, MO
Grundy, MO
Harrison, MO
Henry, MO
Hickory, MO
Holt, MO
Howard, MO
Howell, MO
Iron, MO
Jackson, MO
Jasper, MO
Jefferson, MO
Johnson, MO
Knox, MO
Laclede, MO
Lafayette, MO
Lawrence, MO
Lewis, MO
Lincoln, MO
Linn, MO
Livingston, MO
McDonald, MO
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U2
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SL
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SL
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
10748
5515
63808
12093
9202
32644
7547
153411
16595
63579
14835
19173
7449
12646
7865
9967
13702
11876
33112
80603
14006
6854
207949
10536
8469
20044
7335
6034
9631
31447
10726
633234
90465
171380
42514
4482
27158
31107
30236
10233
28892
13885
14592
16938
1996
10263
6226
75883
12895
8852
44915
7510
171089
18331
68066
15914
21606
7873
14781
7800
10936
14025
12239
32850
89512
14655
6856
223059
10285
8406
20920
8450
5687
9753
34978
10975
645867
97620
190091
46664
4384
29949
32322
32477
10170
34283
13954
14386
19338
2007
11043
6700
81655
13876
9526
48331
8081
184101
19725
73243
17124
23249
8472
15905
8393
11767
15092
13169
35348
96320
15769
7377
240023
11067
9045
22511
9093
6119
10494
37638
11810
694989
105044
204549
50213
4718
32227
34780
34947
10943
36890
15016
15480
20809
2020
11717
7108
86633
14722
10106
51277
8574
195325
20927
77708
18168
24666
8989
16875
8905
12485
16012
13972
37503
102192
16731
7827
254656
11742
9596
23883
9647
6492
11134
39932
12530
737359
111448
217019
53275
5005
34191
36900
37077
11610
39139
15931
16424
22077
1990
108.920
67.753
427.850
113.476
130.925
228.591
106.013
1336.204
282.050
403.372
196.010
386.700
92.153
150.987
197.384
169.498
140.915
119.742
306.480
846.171
140.146
98.447
2183.926
87.673
162.032
143.271
79.473
152.542
97.939
289.546
138.349
5572.851
927.533
1264.798
323.690
68.751
363.476
427.806
428.633
136.067
253.279
116.581
114.229
186.195
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
114.449
94.617
790.282
146.668
157.871
417.965
129.479
1806.547
224.526
532.360
141.878
271.135
127.797
216.958
134.934
154.264
163.858
157.106
313.057
876.293
196.569
117.486
2406.862
83.458
97.592
158.916
125.842
103.521
119.385
398.015
184.019
7751.196
1119.267
2218.531
421.112
76.894
307.445
323.362
324.468
133.918
435.145
118.735
110.576
290.592
2007
142.462
117.891
997.212
182.626
196.706
556.207
161.327
2258.835
285.405
662.212
176.554
337.714
159.232
270.325
168.124
192.177
204.023
195.659
389.558
1074.067
244.836
146.385
3160.757
103.796
121.504
197.641
156.796
128.985
148.658
495.641
229.284
9673.856
1434.040
2700.530
524.091
95.809
382.758
410.795
403.899
166.777
533.725
147.707
137.501
362.072
2020
178.102
147.463
1264.265
228.353
246.053
741.857
201.798
2847.985
363.431
827.527
220.687
422.358
199.179
338.147
210.308
240.363
255.107
244.684
486.922
1326.927
306.193
183.112
4182.242
129.687
151.902
246.962
196.128
161.347
185.890
619.782
286.797
12183.331
1837.010
3322.609
655.115
119.844
478.554
522.921
504.949
208.564
659.647
184.590
171.795
452.912
-------
State
No.
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
County
No.
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
193
195
197
199
201
203
205
207
209
FIPS
29121
29123
29125
29127
29129
29131
29133
29135
29137
29139
29141
29143
29145
29147
29149
29151
29153
29155
29157
29159
29161
29163
29165
29167
29169
29171
29173
29175
29177
29179
29181
29183
29185
29187
29189
29193
29195
29197
29199
29201
29203
29205
29207
29209
State
Code
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
County
Macon, MO
Madison, MO
Maries, MO
Marion, MO
Mercer, MO
Miller, MO
Mississippi, MO
Moniteau, MO
Monroe, MO
Montgomery, MO
Morgan, MO
New Madrid, MO
Newton, MO
Nodaway, MO
Oregon, MO
Osage, MO
Ozark, MO
Pemiscot, MO
Perry, MO
Pettis, MO
Phelps, MO
Pike, MO
Platte, MO
Polk, MO
Pulaski, MO
Putnam, MO
Rails, MO
Randolph, MO
Ray, MO
Reynolds, MO
Ripley, MO
St. Charles, MO
St. Clair, MO
St. Francios, MO
St. Louis, MO
Ste. Genevieve, MO
Saline, MO
Schuyler, MO
Scotland, MO
Scott, MO
Shannon, MO
Shelby, MO
Stoddard, MO
Stone, MO
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SL
ND
ND
SL
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SL
ND
ND
SL
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
15345
11127
7976
27682
3723
20700
14442
12298
9104
11355
15574
20928
44445
21709
9470
12018
8598
21921
16648
35437
35248
15969
57867
21826
41307
5079
8476
24370
21968
6661
12303
212751
8457
48904
993508
16037
23523
4236
4822
39376
7613
6942
28895
19078
1996
15282
11516
8280
27803
3957
22322
13625
13072
9040
11776
17719
20582
47762
21025
9887
12456
9468
21577
17359
36595
38005
16116
67135
24936
38623
4960
8781
23957
23038
6696
13663
256914
8994
53785
1002154
17046
22980
4354
4828
40178
8079
6836
29471
25428
2007
16445
12392
8910
29917
4258
24019
14661
14066
9727
12671
19067
22147
51395
22624
10639
13403
10188
23218
18680
39378
40895
17342
72241
26832
41561
5337
9449
25779
24790
7205
14702
276454
9678
57875
1078372
18342
24728
4685
5195
43234
8694
7356
31712
27362
2020
17447
13147
9453
31741
4518
25484
15555
14924
10320
13444
20230
23497
54528
24003
11288
14220
10809
24634
19819
41779
43388
18399
76645
28468
44095
5662
10025
27351
26301
7645
15599
293308
10268
61404
1144116
19461
26236
4971
5512
45870
9224
7804
33646
29030
1990
152.239
97.355
94.254
154.118
58.471
192.039
183.346
120.052
101.497
255.725
172.341
372.937
654.643
188.093
127.796
149.960
99.369
333.575
236.356
263.696
438.210
153.415
606.570
181.389
485.154
76.042
109.671
196.407
215.682
90.245
155.500
1450.798
107.621
350.899
7405.957
253.681
316.191
62.147
67.588
448.919
98.421
97.685
298.386
194.558
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
174.821
127.951
136.838
133.184
63.872
283.504
112.814
155.980
120.565
194.809
267.192
240.236
589.933
203.166
162.470
206.183
147.509
206.819
175.554
292.507
329.349
163.412
744.812
265.785
405.929
87.136
141.986
214.274
283.133
114.278
211.073
2619.167
145.090
451.189
11768.326
205.108
201.775
72.673
82.728
290.455
130.609
119.099
375.728
327.309
2007
217.649
159.303
170.498
165.274
79.584
353.100
140.297
194.239
150.152
242.728
332.915
299.094
762.647
252.809
202.433
256.901
183.794
257.359
218.518
363.836
409.820
203.389
934.770
330.948
505.184
108.570
176.905
266.580
359.869
142.388
262.993
3162.867
180.779
561.410
14162.742
255.424
251.009
90.551
103.077
361.144
162.737
148.394
467.913
407.817
2020
272.121
199.171
213.272
206.240
99.548
441.582
175.301
242.884
187.778
303.632
416.435
373.957
982.297
315.976
253.223
321.351
229.902
321 .676
273.181
454.653
512.232
254.255
1181.241
413.817
631.481
135.806
221 .292
333.152
458.225
178.112
328.970
3872.884
226.135
701.684
17306.259
319.392
313.691
113.262
128.927
451.177
203.568
185.622
585.129
510.139
-------
State
No.
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
County
No.
211
213
215
217
219
221
223
225
227
229
510
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
FIPS
29211
29213
29215
29217
29219
29221
29223
29225
29227
29229
29510
30001
30003
30005
30007
30009
30011
30013
30015
30017
30019
30021
30023
30025
30027
30029
30031
30033
30035
30037
30039
30041
30043
30045
30047
30049
30051
30053
30055
30057
30059
30061
30063
30065
State
Code
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
County
Sullivan, MO
Taney, MO
Texas, MO
Vernon, MO
Warren, MO
Washington, MO
Wayne, MO
Webster, MO
Worth, MO
Wright, MO
St. Louis City, MO
Beaverhead, MT
Big Horn, MT
Elaine, MT
Broadwater, MT
Carbon, MT
Carter, MT
Cascade, MT
Chouteau, MT
Custer, MT
Daniels, MT
Dawson, MT
Deer Lodge, MT
Fallen, MT
Fergus, MT
Flathead, MT
Gallatin, MT
Garfield, MT
Glacier, MT
Golden Valley, MT
Granite, MT
Hill, MT
Jefferson, MT
Judith Basin, MT
Lake, MT
Lewis and Clark, MT
Liberty, MT
Lincoln, MT
McCone, MT
Madison, MT
Meagher, MT
Mineral, MT
Missoula, MT
Musselshell, MT
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
Population
1990
6326
25561
21476
19041
19534
20380
11543
23753
2440
16758
396685
8424
11337
6728
3318
8080
1503
77691
5452
11697
2266
9505
10356
3103
12083
59218
50463
1589
12121
912
2548
17654
7939
2282
21041
47495
2295
17481
2276
5989
1819
3315
78687
4106
1996
6611
32762
22304
19146
23041
22357
12671
27773
2348
19081
349700
8928
12434
7031
3974
9233
1503
78928
5267
12055
2087
9113
10047
3045
12439
69923
59590
1465
12606
1031
2620
17555
9601
2311
24727
52429
2377
18588
2069
6769
1807
3666
87371
4534
2007
7113
35254
24000
20602
24794
24057
13635
29885
2527
20532
376296
10264
14295
8083
4568
10615
1728
90740
6055
13859
2399
10477
11550
3500
14300
80388
68508
1684
14493
1185
3012
20182
11038
2657
28427
60275
2733
21369
2379
7782
2077
4215
100447
5212
2020
7547
37403
25464
21858
26305
25524
14466
31707
2681
21784
399237
11034
15367
8689
4911
11411
1858
97546
6509
14899
2579
11263
12416
3763
15373
86417
73647
1810
15580
1274
3238
21696
11866
2856
30560
64796
2938
22972
2558
8366
2233
4531
107981
5603
1990
92.798
232.402
262.996
165.402
270.798
201.596
140.760
380.967
37.548
166.105
2479.762
86.747
145.884
120.210
56.112
139.101
30.898
550.593
104.633
95.117
48.691
121.793
45.473
64.632
128.376
605.305
443.090
28.444
132.594
17.621
46.371
161.402
120.723
45.444
289.404
415.026
39.999
267.678
46.408
93.570
36.995
63.120
651.560
76.054
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
108.530
337.976
368.447
190.192
278.549
307.130
198.035
338.073
41.861
221 .225
4681.566
92.338
163.947
125.771
62.026
151.045
28.097
741.736
101.917
80.565
42.360
99.309
69.447
58.006
127.116
723.586
517.830
29.704
172.252
17.049
47.632
161.551
148.408
42.659
340.224
312.143
42.902
283.631
42.546
1 1 1 .956
34.005
61.970
877.146
76.756
2007
135.227
420.912
459.077
236.707
341.620
382.595
246.747
449.988
52.157
275.510
5631 .206
119.481
212.386
163.068
80.420
195.838
36.429
868.065
132.141
103.951
54.922
128.470
89.591
75.209
164.449
936.751
669.826
38.513
223.133
22.103
61.757
208.839
192.420
55.311
440.923
402.591
55.625
367.584
55.165
145.158
44.088
80.346
1124.013
99.519
2020
169.149
526.376
574.250
295.882
422.190
478.513
308.653
600.268
65.251
344.540
6878.968
153.666
273.358
209.977
103.546
252.166
46.906
1026.068
170.156
133.458
70.719
165.202
115.006
96.838
211.471
1205.124
861.293
49.588
287.175
28.472
79.526
268.435
247.767
71.207
567.602
516.762
71.628
473.186
71.023
186.903
56.776
103.463
1437.137
128.137
-------
State
No.
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
County
No.
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
FIPS
30067
30069
30071
30073
30075
30077
30079
30081
30083
30085
30087
30089
30091
30093
30095
30097
30099
30101
30103
30105
30107
30109
30111
30113
31001
31003
31005
31007
31009
31011
31013
31015
31017
31019
31021
31023
31025
31027
31029
31031
31033
31035
31037
31039
State
Code
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
County
Park, MT
Petroleum, MT
Phillips, MT
Pondera, MT
Powder River, MT
Powell, MT
Prairie, MT
Ravalli, MT
Richland, MT
Roosevelt, MT
Rosebud, MT
Sanders, MT
Sheridan, MT
Silver Bow, MT
Stillwater, MT
Sweet Grass, MT
Teton, MT
Toole, MT
Treasure, MT
Valley, MT
Wheatland, MT
Wibaux, MT
Yellowstone, MT
Yellowstone National
Adams, NE
Antelope, NE
Arthur, NE
Banner, NE
Elaine, NE
Boone, NE
Box Butte, NE
Boyd, NE
Brown, NE
Buffalo, NE
Burl, NE
Butler, NE
Cass, NE
Cedar, NE
Chase, NE
Cherry, NE
Cheyenne, NE
Clay, NE
Colfax, NE
Cuming, NE
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
PcR
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
14484
519
5163
6433
2090
6620
1383
25010
10716
10999
10505
8669
4732
33941
6536
3154
6271
5046
874
8239
2246
1191
113419
52
29625
7965
462
852
675
6667
13130
2835
3657
37447
7868
8601
21318
10131
4381
6307
9494
7123
9139
10117
1996
15706
518
4941
6431
1935
7007
1342
33191
10266
11104
10251
10027
4397
34370
7649
3365
6330
4851
844
8287
2321
1118
124006
41
29728
7448
433
864
643
6420
12950
2664
3617
39807
7885
8591
23619
9863
4266
6391
9537
7149
10345
9994
2007
18057
596
5680
7394
2224
8056
1543
38158
11802
12765
11786
11527
5055
39513
8794
3868
7278
5577
970
9527
2668
1285
142565
47
32037
8027
466
931
693
6919
13956
2871
3898
42898
8498
9258
25453
10629
4597
6887
10278
7704
11148
10770
2020
19411
640
6107
7948
2391
8660
1658
41020
12688
13723
12669
12392
5434
42477
9454
4159
7823
5995
1043
10242
2868
1382
153259
50
34040
8528
496
989
737
7351
14828
3051
4141
45580
9029
9837
27044
11293
4885
7318
10920
8186
11845
11443
1990
122.721
11.251
92.176
73.974
43.284
65.022
31.533
350.283
132.729
138.144
135.441
148.997
92.986
150.394
96.148
55.233
1 1 1 .485
52.929
16.848
115.712
40.516
25.350
904.172
4.726
166.248
102.461
6.060
10.846
10.239
87.295
77.900
39.343
51.698
399.927
104.092
88.831
358.989
134.355
56.200
55.781
117.781
95.745
81.538
107.099
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
162.850
9.702
96.516
73.742
39.070
69.174
25.854
422.858
115.172
158.606
144.395
162.056
88.457
121.753
122.182
58.959
117.228
49.235
16.339
95.686
41.988
22.264
1216.675
0.971
153.867
146.971
8.525
15.720
12.455
123.019
74.327
52.311
67.479
271.385
145.180
115.313
283.079
186.937
80.838
67.771
72.693
131.433
98.942
130.782
2007
210.740
12.578
125.137
95.439
50.655
89.487
33.519
548.091
149.016
205.469
187.024
210.114
114.690
155.972
158.415
76.445
151.993
63.667
21.184
123.845
54.437
28.867
1619.329
1.260
189.018
181.204
10.510
19.383
15.356
151.674
91.344
64.498
83.197
333.863
178.997
142.097
356.356
230.482
99.667
83.473
89.448
162.048
121.868
161.146
2020
271.049
16.210
161.138
122.748
65.228
115.068
43.164
705.626
191.630
264.441
240.669
270.541
147.681
199.380
203.989
98.438
195.710
81.854
27.274
159.310
70.101
37.167
2133.243
1.618
232.465
223.350
12.959
23.891
18.929
186.953
112.378
79.493
102.545
410.959
220.626
175.086
448.357
284.073
122.851
102.826
110.116
199.733
150.106
198.558
-------
State
No.
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
County
No.
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
FIPS
31041
31043
31045
31047
31049
31051
31053
31055
31057
31059
31061
31063
31065
31067
31069
31071
31073
31075
31077
31079
31081
31083
31085
31087
31089
31091
31093
31095
31097
31099
31101
31103
31105
31107
31109
31111
31113
31115
31117
31119
31121
31123
31125
31127
State
Code
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
County
Custer, NE
Dakota, NE
Dawes, NE
Dawson, NE
Deuel, NE
Dixon, NE
Dodge, NE
Douglas, NE
Dundy, NE
Fillmore, NE
Franklin, NE
Frontier, NE
Furnas, NE
Gage, NE
Garden, NE
Garfield, NE
Gosper, NE
Grant, NE
Greeley, NE
Hall, NE
Hamilton, NE
Harlan, NE
Hayes, NE
Hitchcock, NE
Holt, NE
Hooker, NE
Howard, NE
Jefferson, NE
Johnson, NE
Kearney, NE
Keith, NE
Keya Paha, NE
Kimball, NE
Knox, NE
Lancaster, NE
Lincoln, NE
Logan, NE
Loup, NE
McPherson, NE
Madison, NE
Merrick, NE
Morrill, NE
Nance, NE
Nemaha, NE
Urban/
Rural
R
U2
U2
U2
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
12270
16742
9021
19940
2237
6143
34500
416444
2582
7103
3938
3101
5553
22794
2460
2141
1928
769
3006
48925
8862
3810
1222
3750
12599
793
6057
8759
4673
6629
8584
1029
4108
9564
213641
32508
878
683
546
32655
8049
5423
4275
7980
1996
12112
18447
9036
22678
2055
6378
35036
437497
2351
6921
3837
3169
5443
22865
2258
2089
2237
740
2946
51282
9346
3778
1105
3465
12270
728
6423
8445
4587
6672
8617
987
4041
9402
230508
33376
897
677
555
34545
8160
5423
4234
7839
2007
13053
19880
9737
24439
2215
6873
37757
471477
2533
7459
4135
3415
5866
24641
2433
2251
2410
797
3175
55265
10072
4072
1190
3734
13223
784
6922
9101
4944
7190
9286
1064
4355
10132
24841 1
35969
967
730
598
37228
8793
5844
4563
8448
2020
13869
21122
10346
25967
2353
7303
40117
500951
2691
7925
4393
3628
6233
26181
2585
2392
2561
847
3373
58720
10702
4326
1265
3967
14049
833
7355
9670
5253
7640
9866
1130
4627
10766
263940
38217
1027
775
635
39555
9343
6210
4848
8976
1990
130.086
201.344
63.083
227.037
59.424
84.290
219.621
2930.811
33.792
93.543
51.698
43.072
76.605
179.320
33.092
27.911
25.273
10.357
40.888
461.134
147.215
50.694
16.019
48.174
125.662
1 1 .695
80.003
74.438
62.420
58.341
108.773
15.367
52.956
135.318
1482.293
370.884
11.615
10.145
7.008
205.380
79.451
71.871
55.985
69.236
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
161.429
169.288
70.347
133.063
41.277
113.350
229.321
3832.871
47.644
131.065
72.665
57.219
102.462
208.116
45.392
39.507
35.576
14.190
55.467
225.362
97.993
70.301
22.549
69.194
166.224
14.632
111.728
87.063
86.226
75.037
70.762
18.987
31.531
175.920
1933.705
211.053
16.200
12.602
10.075
233.183
99.064
100.065
78.882
88.029
2007
198.917
207.197
86.565
163.646
50.892
139.755
282.023
4741.342
58.741
161.594
89.589
70.550
126.330
256.224
55.965
48.709
43.862
17.494
68.386
276.671
120.705
86.678
27.800
85.313
204.829
18.042
137.751
107.211
106.311
92.434
87.092
23.410
38.797
216.899
2439.687
259.534
19.975
15.539
12.423
286.852
122.052
123.373
97.257
108.432
2020
245.084
255.872
106.576
201.397
62.733
172.260
347.082
5904.044
72.401
199.176
110.427
86.940
155.714
315.539
68.981
60.027
54.067
21.570
84.298
340.129
148.691
106.834
34.263
105.154
252.374
22.230
169.791
132.051
131.041
113.874
107.230
28.853
47.766
267.336
3076.298
319.376
24.619
19.144
15.304
353.080
150.373
152.076
119.871
133.565
-------
State
No.
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
County
No.
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
27
29
31
FIPS
31129
31131
31133
31135
31137
31139
31141
31143
31145
31147
31149
31151
31153
31155
31157
31159
31161
31163
31165
31167
31169
31171
31173
31175
31177
31179
31181
31183
31185
32001
32003
32005
32007
32009
32011
32013
32015
32017
32019
32021
32023
32027
32029
32031
State
Code
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
County
Nuckolls, NE
Otoe, NE
Pawnee, NE
Perkins, NE
Phelps, NE
Pierce, NE
Platte, NE
Polk, NE
Red Willow, NE
Richardson, NE
Rock, NE
Saline, NE
Sarpy, NE
Saunders, NE
Scotts Bluff, NE
Seward, NE
Sheridan, NE
Sherman, NE
Sioux, NE
Stanton, NE
Thayer, NE
Thomas, NE
Thurston, NE
Valley, NE
Washington, NE
Wayne, NE
Webster, NE
Wheeler, NE
York, NE
Churchill, NV
Clark, NV
Douglas, NV
Elko, NV
Esmeralda, NV
Eureka, NV
Humboldt, NV
Lander, NV
Lincoln, NV
Lyon, NV
Mineral, NV
Nye, NV
Pershing, NV
Storey, NV
Washoe, NV
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
UT
PX
UT
UT
PX
UT
UT
UT
PX
UT
PX
PX
UT
UT
UT
Population
1990
5786
14252
3317
3367
9715
7827
29820
5668
11705
9937
2019
12715
102583
18285
36025
15450
6750
3718
1549
6244
6635
851
6936
5169
16607
9364
4279
948
14428
17938
741368
27637
33463
1344
1547
12844
6266
3775
20001
6475
17781
4336
2526
254667
1996
5426
14535
3193
3299
9883
7898
30413
5634
11432
9611
1776
12982
116287
19028
36244
16163
6639
3600
1518
6205
6325
806
7155
4834
18204
9311
4062
951
14581
22064
1053950
34888
43695
1191
1814
16812
6992
4341
27559
5834
25827
5232
2931
298488
2007
5847
15664
3441
3556
10651
8512
32775
6071
12319
10358
1913
13990
125319
20506
39059
17419
7154
3879
1636
6687
6816
869
7711
5209
19618
10034
4378
1025
15714
28879
1379460
45663
57190
1558
2374
22004
9151
5681
36071
7636
33804
6848
3837
390676
2020
6213
16643
3656
3778
11316
9044
34824
6451
13090
11005
2033
14864
133153
21788
41501
18507
7601
4122
1738
7105
7242
923
8193
5535
20844
10661
4651
1089
16696
31001
1480819
49018
61392
1673
2548
23621
9824
6099
38721
8197
36287
7351
4119
419382
1990
58.178
118.764
46.501
42.955
67.600
100.172
193.521
74.645
77.580
87.978
28.147
113.689
796.762
190.845
266.642
262.312
89.100
49.912
21.794
77.353
89.551
1 1 .492
84.877
43.943
128.638
71.912
57.380
12.520
196.578
381.355
4902.930
438.639
362.346
28.894
44.548
218.542
63.735
138.783
505.527
1 1 1 .663
336.476
126.734
55.892
2172.163
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
106.764
150.375
61.206
62.128
81.726
144.423
215.200
104.715
76.463
101.335
37.255
151.355
1042.218
274.084
292.253
188.183
124.551
68.605
28.582
115.214
122.428
15.703
127.982
95.378
188.448
84.347
78.956
17.491
130.628
438.805
7383.166
582.294
500.099
50.658
58.309
258.011
105.617
142.285
563.521
90.643
263.520
163.428
95.209
3164.253
2007
131.633
185.205
75.462
76.601
100.591
178.065
264.741
129.107
94.029
124.795
45.934
186.466
1293.444
337.819
359.676
231.849
153.563
84.584
35.240
142.051
150.947
19.360
157.795
117.595
237.147
103.839
97.347
21.567
160.817
639.583
11026.238
848.635
728.604
73.853
85.007
376.009
153.894
207.438
821.437
132.048
400.412
238.265
138.803
4180.066
2020
162.238
228.139
93.009
94.406
123.859
219.478
325.878
159.130
115.708
153.715
56.614
229.722
1613.748
416.294
442.841
285.638
189.273
104.256
43.433
175.082
186.046
23.863
194.493
144.943
298.312
127.874
119.985
26.583
198.052
910.538
16079.268
1208.067
1037.003
105.157
121.042
535.259
219.061
295.351
1169.492
187.942
590.024
339.243
197.643
5480.840
-------
State
No.
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
County
No.
33
510
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
1
3
5
6
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
FIPS
32033
32510
33001
33003
33005
33007
33009
33011
33013
33015
33017
33019
34001
34003
34005
34007
34009
34011
34013
34015
34017
34019
34021
34023
34025
34027
34029
34031
34033
34035
34037
34039
34041
35001
35003
35005
35006
35007
35009
35011
35013
35015
35017
35019
State
Code
NV
NV
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
County
White Pine, NV
Carson City, NV
Belknap, NH
Carroll, NH
Cheshire, NH
Coos, NH
Grafton, NH
Hillsborough, NH
Merrimack, NH
Rockingham, NH
Stratford, NH
Sullivan, NH
Atlantic, NJ
Bergen, NJ
Burlington, NJ
Camden, NJ
Cape May, NJ
Cumberland, NJ
Essex, NJ
Gloucester, NJ
Hudson, NJ
Hunterdon, NJ
Mercer, NJ
Middlesex, NJ
Monmouth, NJ
Morris, NJ
Ocean, NJ
Passaic, NJ
Salem, NJ
Somerset, NJ
Sussex, NJ
Union, NJ
Warren, NJ
Bernalillo, NM
Catron, NM
Chaves, NM
Cibola, NM
Colfax, NM
Curry, NM
DeBaca, NM
Dona Ana, NM
Eddy, NM
Grant, NM
Guadalupe, NM
Urban/
Rural
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
U2
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
Mapped
Area
UT
UT
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
PA
PA
PA
NN
NY
NY
PA
PA
NY
PA
NY
PA
NY
NY
PA
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
PA
NY
NY
NY
NY
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
Population
1990
9264
40443
49216
35410
70121
34828
74929
335838
120240
245845
104233
38592
224327
825380
395066
502824
95089
138053
777964
230082
553099
107802
325824
671811
553093
421361
433203
470864
65294
240245
130943
493819
91607
480577
2563
57849
23794
12925
42207
2252
135510
48605
27676
4156
1996
10080
47236
51745
38393
71336
33431
77677
354697
125133
264068
107546
39619
234820
847635
414664
504339
97691
140499
754717
243786
551686
118753
329220
702931
590085
449469
473933
482165
65933
271600
140469
497530
97338
519586
2762
62265
25623
13605
46090
2303
163761
52592
30825
4090
2007
13193
61825
57794
42882
79676
37340
86759
396168
139764
294942
120120
44251
249712
901389
440960
536322
103887
149409
802578
259246
586672
126284
350098
747509
627506
477973
503988
512743
70115
288824
149377
529081
103511
626162
3328
75037
30879
16395
55544
2775
197352
63379
37148
4929
2020
14163
66367
62523
46390
86195
40395
93857
428582
151199
319074
129948
47872
271532
980153
479492
583186
112964
162465
872708
281899
637937
137319
380690
812827
682338
519739
548027
557547
76241
314062
162430
575313
112556
741921
3944
88909
36587
19426
65812
3288
233836
75096
44015
5840
1990
147.720
167.625
484.322
303.798
514.588
294.980
740.311
2994.308
1041.242
2319.245
787.543
362.528
2369.914
6628.678
3401.506
3702.900
650.968
839.637
4606.230
1988.796
2403.034
983.190
2480.556
6126.222
4080.968
4155.851
3043.619
2797.254
738.547
2452.715
697.617
3255.037
905.386
4020.159
72.894
467.205
299.526
179.210
330.284
65.765
1489.381
466.469
408.348
120.489
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
173.870
86.058
425.366
389.349
597.437
307.382
631.506
3739.916
930.278
2418.843
1225.154
291.852
2222.893
5992.499
3299.475
4102.217
673.175
1096.421
5643.169
2054.659
4011.752
1413.393
3342.998
5073.208
4407.450
3530.924
3623.851
3102.472
691.207
2096.607
1306.304
3581.657
896.306
5682.501
83.134
516.898
255.362
194.796
325.797
73.047
2222.804
495.572
497.716
134.806
2007
253.370
124.540
544.816
499.511
765.125
393.765
808.690
4601.782
1189.321
2994.724
1504.543
373.398
2865.771
7041.897
3954.456
4892.162
873.562
1330.224
6608.289
2461 .302
4701.390
1835.293
4149.584
6468.895
5775.256
4156.767
4765.569
3645.540
833.658
2686.859
1556.458
4194.211
1064.306
7545.324
109.535
678.761
419.408
256.278
427.503
96.244
3097.630
651.130
655.103
177.616
2020
360.668
176.545
698.584
641.102
981.013
504.950
1036.809
5738.711
1523.341
3748.760
1873.994
478.476
3704.889
8407.386
4804.005
5925.537
1133.849
1623.365
7835.624
2989.182
5612.070
2364.689
5175.926
8244.564
7576.206
4944.521
6264.885
4352.275
1016.545
3434.769
1864.750
4973.180
1272.530
10011.046
143.260
885.949
561.752
334.894
557.748
125.882
4277.810
850.188
856.283
232.309
-------
State
No.
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
County
No.
21
23
25
27
28
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
FIPS
35021
35023
35025
35027
35028
35029
35031
35033
35035
35037
35039
35041
35043
35045
35047
35049
35051
35053
35055
35057
35059
35061
36001
36003
36005
36007
36009
36011
36013
36015
36017
36019
36021
36023
36025
36027
36029
36031
36033
36035
36037
36039
36041
36043
State
Code
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
County
Harding, NM
Hidalgo, NM
Lea, NM
Lincoln, NM
Los Alamos, NM
Luna, NM
McKinley, NM
Mora, NM
Otero, NM
Quay, NM
Rio Arriba, NM
Roosevelt, NM
Sandoval, NM
San Juan, NM
San Miguel, NM
Santa Fe, NM
Sierra, NM
Socorro, NM
Taos, NM
Torrance, NM
Union, NM
Valencia, NM
Albany, NY
Allegany, NY
Bronx, NY
Broome, NY
Cattaraugus, NY
Cayuga, NY
Chautauqua, NY
Chemung, NY
Chenango, NY
Clinton, NY
Columbia, NY
Cortland, NY
Delaware, NY
Dutchess, NY
Erie, NY
Essex, NY
Franklin, NY
Fulton, NY
Genesee, NY
Greene, NY
Hamilton, NY
Herkimer, NY
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
U2
U2
U2
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
U1
U1
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
Mapped
Area
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
Nl
Nl
NY
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Population
1990
987
5958
55765
12219
18115
18110
60686
4264
51928
10823
34365
16702
63319
91605
25743
98928
9912
14764
23118
10285
4124
45235
292793
50470
1203789
212160
84234
82313
141895
95195
51768
85969
62982
48963
47225
259462
968584
37152
46540
54191
60060
44739
5279
65809
1996
912
6297
56298
15460
18252
23092
66650
4705
55212
10209
37292
18265
82608
101818
28470
118525
10835
16038
26065
14067
4113
60399
294095
51467
1190242
200652
85102
82314
140284
93389
52274
81418
63925
48861
46651
263941
947917
38194
48588
53416
61558
47408
5222
65708
2007
1099
7589
67846
18631
21996
27828
80321
5670
66537
12303
44941
22011
99552
122702
34310
142836
13058
19327
31411
16952
4956
72787
298071
52163
1206332
203365
86253
83427
142180
94651
52980
82518
64789
49522
47281
267509
960731
38711
49245
54138
62390
48049
5293
66596
2020
1302
8992
80389
22075
26062
32973
95170
6718
78837
14578
53250
26080
117957
145386
40653
169242
15472
22900
37218
20086
5873
86244
314120
54971
1271284
214314
90897
87919
149835
99748
55833
86961
68277
52188
49827
281912
1012459
40795
51896
57053
65750
50636
5578
70182
1990
29.210
89.442
487.975
197.826
71.402
191.063
973.523
112.688
428.195
129.605
655.885
194.557
622.646
1071.339
283.992
995.774
107.865
173.632
444.779
200.752
59.124
708.773
2567.658
434.067
5207.139
1942.441
653.150
722.260
1184.894
787.496
540.296
746.965
665.136
410.899
482.178
2623.823
6953.883
408.070
338.130
373.734
557.212
441.074
48.071
561 .248
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
32.015
104.294
557.108
256.292
51.378
253.436
1206.171
138.309
585.213
143.086
860.790
216.288
985.613
1268.549
385.847
1688.948
133.234
231.218
626.102
318.993
133.767
604.268
2789.570
458.714
6329.190
2365.065
666.162
582.544
782.384
902.631
496.953
629.180
617.917
295.748
408.190
2807.986
7806.544
371.047
359.696
327.849
441.452
419.725
59.093
427.974
2007
42.182
137.265
731.921
337.445
70.194
333.359
1587.930
182.230
769.208
188.176
1133.725
284.429
1320.413
1668.533
507.625
2317.235
175.228
304.228
824.726
420.271
176.248
992.452
3416.598
540.687
7158.654
2749.765
785.115
696.240
912.307
1059.439
585.785
741.474
728.381
348.459
481.114
3320.268
9194.138
437.384
423.916
386.285
531 .644
494.741
69.662
492.921
2020
55.166
179.414
955.627
441.165
94.933
435.551
2075.857
238.343
1004.588
245.836
1482.478
371.578
1761.241
2180.034
663.325
3141.844
228.934
397.568
1078.505
549.664
230.522
1329.283
4214.885
639.030
8169.457
3239.299
927.858
832.139
1065.603
1253.766
692.343
876.250
860.900
411.749
568.607
3962.119
10937.041
516.966
500.979
456.438
640.559
584.741
82.347
574.936
-------
State
No.
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
County
No.
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
1
3
5
7
FIPS
36045
36047
36049
36051
36053
36055
36057
36059
36061
36063
36065
36067
36069
36071
36073
36075
36077
36079
36081
36083
36085
36087
36089
36091
36093
36095
36097
36099
36101
36103
36105
36107
36109
36111
36113
36115
36117
36119
36121
36123
37001
37003
37005
37007
State
Code
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NC
NC
NC
NC
County
Jefferson, NY
Kings, NY
Lewis, NY
Livingston, NY
Madison, NY
Monroe, NY
Montgomery, NY
Nassau, NY
New York, NY
Niagara, NY
Oneida, NY
Onondaga, NY
Ontario, NY
Orange, NY
Orleans, NY
Oswego, NY
Otsego, NY
Putnam, NY
Queens, NY
Rensselaer, NY
Richmond, NY
Rockland, NY
St. Lawrence, NY
Saratoga, NY
Schenectady, NY
Schoharie, NY
Schuyler, NY
Seneca, NY
Steuben, NY
Suffolk, NY
Sullivan, NY
Tioga, NY
Tompkins, NY
Ulster, NY
Warren, NY
Washington, NY
Wayne, NY
Westchester, NY
Wyoming, NY
Yates, NY
Alamance, NC
Alexander, NC
Alleghany, NC
Anson, NC
Urban/
Rural
R
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
U2
R
U2
R
U1
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
Nl
NY
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
NY
NY
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
NY
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
NY
Nl
NY
NY
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
NY
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
NY
Nl
Nl
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
1 1 0943
2300664
26796
62372
69166
713968
51981
1287444
1487536
220756
250836
468973
95101
307647
41846
121785
60517
83941
1951598
154429
378977
265475
111974
181276
149285
31859
18662
33683
99088
1321768
69277
52337
94097
165304
59209
59330
89123
874866
42507
22810
108213
27544
9590
23474
1996
112818
2248995
27999
65903
71297
717235
51528
1301366
1529265
220321
235708
462559
99280
324372
44321
124811
61342
91176
1972236
154373
399030
277805
113865
194397
147518
32394
19091
32942
99061
1356781
70201
52874
96282
166700
61510
60495
94412
893170
44298
23947
116532
30215
9732
24208
2007
114344
2279399
28377
66793
72261
726931
52225
1318958
1549939
223300
238895
468812
100622
328757
44921
126498
62172
92409
1998898
156460
404424
281561
115404
197025
149513
32832
19349
33388
100401
1375122
71150
53589
97583
168954
62341
61313
95688
905245
44896
24271
133080
34505
11114
27645
2020
120500
2402127
29905
70390
76151
766071
55037
1389975
1633391
235323
251757
494054
106039
346459
47339
133309
65519
97384
2106524
164884
426199
296720
121618
207633
157563
34600
20390
35185
105806
1449163
74981
56475
102838
178051
65698
64614
100840
953985
47314
25578
144952
37584
12106
30111
1990
831.451
9938.742
220.259
558.093
570.452
5679.581
462.281
5922.251
6362.701
1740.043
2429.994
3572.215
887.382
2666.813
304.495
1133.918
605.640
705.055
8426.536
1503.520
1569.276
1178.809
827.166
1465.358
1343.537
322.139
168.882
312.585
963.663
6089.956
562.917
410.751
592.069
1504.017
541.748
448.955
707.569
4215.756
322.489
175.621
950.357
158.636
76.373
231.003
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
750.245
12100.464
260.577
499.950
457.107
6393.131
357.313
6800.351
7823.635
1691.614
2468.944
4235.879
794.960
2616.769
332.378
972.326
526.148
736.580
10261.203
1539.405
1994.610
1405.565
749.613
1537.214
1445.130
299.516
208.900
241 .686
780.357
6912.807
659.210
485.333
828.474
1362.069
595.349
586.433
806.107
4895.223
360.135
198.440
1698.252
297.463
114.081
244.851
2007
884.076
13686.274
307.158
602.145
546.283
7572.016
444.673
7895.326
8848.951
2002.604
2812.689
4985.948
957.492
3460.236
400.316
1161.715
620.149
844.887
11605.970
1895.821
2256.012
1590.222
883.320
1901.263
1768.322
372.848
246.265
284.816
919.696
8037.253
777.037
570.246
968.915
1604.167
730.393
723.398
970.980
5549.761
424.468
233.893
2154.951
381.635
148.137
317.713
2020
1044.710
15618.774
363.035
725.535
652.892
9033.059
553.826
9295.025
10098.426
2389.692
3259.351
5904.887
1153.723
4560.443
482.351
1388.202
732.927
972.470
13244.743
2346.490
2574.558
1815.083
1043.815
2359.268
2180.272
464.437
291.091
336.581
1086.905
9470.193
918.398
676.011
1139.868
1895.050
897.182
891.582
1170.023
6342.505
501.667
276.429
2759.307
490.119
192.369
412.433
-------
State
No.
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
County
No.
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
FIPS
37009
37011
37013
37015
37017
37019
37021
37023
37025
37027
37029
37031
37033
37035
37037
37039
37041
37043
37045
37047
37049
37051
37053
37055
37057
37059
37061
37063
37065
37067
37069
37071
37073
37075
37077
37079
37081
37083
37085
37087
37089
37091
37093
37095
State
Code
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
County
Ashe, NC
Avery, NC
Beaufort, NC
Bertie, NC
Bladen, NC
Brunswick, NC
Buncombe, NC
Burke, NC
Cabarrus, NC
Caldwell, NC
Camden, NC
Carteret, NC
Caswell, NC
Catawba, NC
Chatham, NC
Cherokee, NC
Chowan, NC
Clay, NC
Cleveland, NC
Columbus, NC
Craven, NC
Cumberland, NC
Currituck, NC
Dare, NC
Davidson, NC
Davie, NC
Duplin, NC
Durham, NC
Edgecombe, NC
Forsyth, NC
Franklin, NC
Gaston, NC
Gates, NC
Graham, NC
Granville, NC
Greene, NC
Guilford, NC
Halifax, NC
Harnett, NC
Haywood, NC
Henderson, NC
Hertford, NC
Hoke, NC
Hyde, NC
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
U1
U1
R
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
AT
SE
AT
SE
AT
SE
AT
SE
SE
AT
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
22209
14867
42283
20388
28663
50985
174819
75740
98935
70709
5904
52553
20693
118412
38759
20170
13506
7155
84713
49587
81613
274713
13736
22746
126677
27859
39995
181855
56692
265878
36414
175093
9305
7196
38341
15384
347420
55516
67833
46942
69285
22523
22856
5411
1996
23705
15542
43947
20435
30327
63802
190218
80864
113563
74918
6570
58700
21547
128663
43988
21980
14069
8130
90891
52071
86545
282714
16636
27142
137376
30721
42709
197110
55754
282960
42524
182186
9905
7591
41598
17649
376988
56538
78793
50537
77906
22402
28459
5389
2007
27071
17748
50187
23337
34633
72862
217228
92346
129689
85556
7503
67036
24606
146932
50235
25101
16067
9284
103798
59465
98834
322858
18998
30996
156883
35083
48773
225100
63671
323140
48562
208056
11311
8669
47505
20155
430519
64566
89982
57713
88969
25583
32500
6154
2020
29486
19332
54664
25419
37723
79362
236608
100585
141259
93188
8172
73016
26802
160041
54716
27341
17500
10112
113058
64770
107652
351662
20693
33762
170879
38213
53124
245182
69352
351968
52894
226617
12321
9442
51743
21953
468928
70326
98009
62862
96906
27866
35400
6703
1990
176.919
170.789
348.492
210.021
320.476
655.137
1553.477
723.161
834.227
480.067
76.536
521.130
159.506
1075.313
384.087
161.188
96.881
52.823
710.281
444.835
598.971
1860.029
169.800
389.983
1081.716
349.262
464.039
1593.594
472.417
2324.466
291.577
1337.221
94.565
39.740
408.060
150.115
3004.844
575.490
587.904
577.852
611.112
169.847
170.608
46.735
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
264.193
176.853
380.703
242.530
306.020
572.870
3001.599
762.566
1453.743
579.688
70.082
507.976
246.160
1845.540
415.703
215.866
110.958
85.114
793.776
541.961
575.404
3152.867
163.400
230.592
1406.600
299.332
421.035
2627.212
554.788
3780.375
403.715
2473.203
110.689
85.603
337.332
183.004
5227.403
458.681
688.261
458.715
748.653
201.493
239.866
64.368
2007
343.062
229.651
493.542
314.933
397.141
787.692
3818.965
975.080
1884.290
742.394
91.002
658.843
319.644
2336.896
578.520
280.151
143.752
110.523
1029.321
703.434
744.556
3926.785
204.897
299.167
1801.624
385.202
546.363
3595.463
703.365
4792.340
561.941
3201.000
143.734
111.156
437.244
237.635
6621 .438
594.272
891.962
594.991
970.038
261.202
311.260
83.583
2020
445.512
298.227
640.337
408.987
515.581
1068.855
4917.896
1249.742
2453.695
952.393
118.173
855.029
415.104
2977.591
793.098
363.689
186.435
143.532
1335.665
913.276
964.943
4940.008
261 .228
388.305
2319.870
497.402
709.266
4879.771
893.271
6132.749
770.463
4164.643
186.661
144.352
567.244
308.608
8469.365
770.756
1157.021
772.199
1258.149
338.879
404.055
108.546
-------
State
No.
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
County
No.
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
FIPS
37097
37099
37101
37103
37105
37107
37109
37111
37113
37115
37117
37119
37121
37123
37125
37127
37129
37131
37133
37135
37137
37139
37141
37143
37145
37147
37149
37151
37153
37155
37157
37159
37161
37163
37165
37167
37169
37171
37173
37175
37177
37179
37181
37183
State
Code
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
County
Iredell, NC
Jackson, NC
Johnston, NC
Jones, NC
Lee, NC
Lenoir, NC
Lincoln, NC
McDowell, NC
Macon, NC
Madison, NC
Martin, NC
Mecklenburg, NC
Mitchell, NC
Montgomery, NC
Moore, NC
Nash, NC
New Hanover, NC
Northampton, NC
Onslow, NC
Orange, NC
Pamlico, NC
Pasquotank, NC
Pender, NC
Perquimans, NC
Person, NC
Pitt, NC
Polk, NC
Randolph, NC
Richmond, NC
Robeson, NC
Rockingham, NC
Rowan, NC
Rutherford, NC
Sampson, NC
Scotland, NC
Stanly, NC
Stokes, NC
Surry, NC
Swain, NC
Transylvania, NC
Tyrrell, NC
Union, NC
Vance, NC
Wake, NC
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
AT
Population
1990
92935
26846
81306
9414
41370
57274
50319
35681
23499
16953
25078
511481
14433
23352
59000
76677
120284
20798
149838
93851
11368
31298
28855
10447
30180
108480
14416
106546
44518
105170
86064
110605
56919
47297
33763
51765
37223
61704
11268
25520
3856
84210
38892
426300
1996
106604
29231
98965
9039
47429
59294
56225
38580
27023
18279
26146
598763
14765
24149
68578
88074
143734
21166
143988
106410
12055
33806
36710
11038
32805
119260
16224
117679
45906
112959
89509
121681
59673
51151
35362
55034
41922
65812
12057
27543
3776
103167
41200
533690
2007
121741
33382
113018
10323
54164
67714
64208
44058
30860
20875
29859
683786
16861
27578
78316
100580
164144
24171
164434
121520
13766
38606
41923
12606
37463
136195
18527
134389
52424
128999
102219
138959
68146
58414
40384
62849
47875
75157
13770
31454
4313
117816
47051
609472
2020
132602
36360
123100
11244
58996
73755
69937
47989
33613
22737
32522
744789
18366
30039
85302
109553
178787
26328
179104
132361
14994
42051
45663
13730
40805
148345
20180
146378
57101
140507
111338
151356
74226
63625
43987
68456
52146
81863
14998
34260
4697
128327
51248
663846
1990
1235.764
287.370
1106.503
156.133
390.095
471.661
362.132
218.405
132.289
245.869
256.934
3902.933
98.733
249.278
533.550
1011.741
820.208
263.686
824.202
822.483
97.046
192.730
392.197
97.894
207.713
752.722
167.990
973.560
355.998
1195.449
703.214
879.848
443.254
566.097
305.573
403.610
260.644
701.386
142.526
213.213
38.879
706.707
327.420
3993.888
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
851.820
281.338
785.128
111.987
355.595
416.179
533.977
379.491
252.789
201.668
246.396
6934.567
171.692
245.599
542.242
852.281
1438.619
247.407
1349.435
1231.077
135.279
237.733
343.102
124.275
289.833
1142.348
171.489
1150.594
343.195
1038.827
765.064
1158.865
534.303
485.225
291.738
474.825
404.498
631.396
134.040
252.742
45.869
769.876
313.936
6709.014
2007
1104.428
365.072
1091.955
145.417
460.844
538.662
700.902
492.482
328.075
260.327
319.610
8945.101
222.947
318.705
703.056
1079.283
1946.842
321.265
1641.106
1693.121
175.663
307.812
445.525
161.374
375.897
1490.297
222.684
1474.478
444.410
1347.536
991.740
1512.130
692.859
629.562
378.101
615.639
520.571
819.203
174.058
327.854
59.564
1007.959
406.669
9191.994
2020
1433.005
473.924
1496.440
188.854
597.790
698.203
919.609
639.341
425.924
338.126
414.807
11614.335
289.516
413.728
912.232
1369.724
2616.356
417.216
2026.626
2304.785
228.129
399.062
578.584
209.573
487.805
1945.190
289.192
1899.183
576.218
1748.929
1286.644
1976.977
899.082
817.202
490.471
798.805
672.210
1063.344
226.034
425.513
77.345
1320.471
527.379
12483.970
-------
State
No.
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
County
No.
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
FIPS
37185
37187
37189
37191
37193
37195
37197
37199
38001
38003
38005
38007
38009
38011
38013
38015
38017
38019
38021
38023
38025
38027
38029
38031
38033
38035
38037
38039
38041
38043
38045
38047
38049
38051
38053
38055
38057
38059
38061
38063
38065
38067
38069
38071
State
Code
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
County
Warren, NC
Washington, NC
Watauga, NC
Wayne, NC
Wilkes, NC
Wilson, NC
Yadkin, NC
Yancey, NC
Adams, ND
Barnes, ND
Benson, ND
Billings, ND
Bottineau, ND
Bowman, ND
Burke, ND
Burleigh, ND
Cass, ND
Cavalier, ND
Dickey, ND
Divide, ND
Dunn, ND
Eddy, ND
Emmons, ND
Foster, ND
Golden Valley, ND
Grand Forks, ND
Grant, ND
Griggs, ND
Hettinger, ND
Kidder, ND
LaMoure, ND
Logan, ND
McHenry, ND
Mclntosh, ND
McKenzie, ND
McLean, ND
Mercer, ND
Morton, ND
Mountrail, ND
Nelson, ND
Oliver, ND
Pembina, ND
Pierce, ND
Ramsey, ND
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
17265
13997
36952
104666
59393
66061
30488
15419
3174
12545
7198
1108
8011
3596
3002
60131
102874
6064
6107
2899
4005
2951
4830
3983
2108
70683
3549
3303
3445
3332
5383
2847
6528
4021
6383
10457
9808
23700
7021
4410
2381
9238
5052
12681
1996
18059
13776
40188
110936
62017
67536
33962
16256
2809
12134
6853
1109
7558
3334
2428
65716
112908
5276
5703
2485
3693
2879
4437
3802
1931
69762
3115
2901
3034
2987
4975
2478
6219
3634
5858
9854
9493
24297
6703
3897
2240
8706
4636
12420
2007
20623
15732
45894
126689
70823
77126
38785
18565
2971
12834
7248
1173
7994
3526
2568
69505
119418
5580
6032
2628
3906
3045
4693
4021
2042
73785
3295
3068
3209
3159
5262
2621
6578
3843
6196
10422
10040
25698
7089
4121
2370
9208
4904
13136
2020
22463
17136
49989
137991
77141
84007
42245
20221
3119
13475
7610
1231
8394
3702
2696
72978
125385
5859
6334
2760
4101
3197
4928
4222
2144
77472
3460
3222
3370
3317
5525
2752
6907
4035
6506
10942
10542
26982
7444
4327
2488
9668
5149
13792
1990
153.384
125.319
301.079
745.967
501.133
672.044
367.327
116.075
36.702
141.702
81.343
20.606
75.863
43.305
39.136
428.458
772.797
78.190
73.799
35.785
47.380
36.392
60.175
29.718
43.260
479.734
43.767
38.031
43.778
69.341
66.278
35.769
80.463
49.149
73.033
126.799
77.029
261.334
78.633
53.587
25.551
188.120
41.050
84.306
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
205.382
125.668
317.712
1260.376
649.941
437.391
338.854
183.422
53.278
102.212
120.823
18.599
95.167
60.362
50.391
515.610
977.956
101.790
102.512
48.660
67.226
49.535
81.074
66.857
35.385
523.815
59.572
55.443
57.826
55.930
90.359
47.790
109.578
67.495
107.142
175.527
71.124
249.614
117.853
74.025
39.967
155.066
40.792
95.130
2007
266.693
162.911
411.748
1563.288
843.590
565.652
436.143
238.177
63.461
121.470
143.917
22.153
113.255
71.898
60.020
642.538
1221.568
121.243
122.102
57.962
80.076
59.002
96.572
79.636
42.147
625.033
70.958
66.040
68.879
66.620
107.628
56.922
130.521
80.396
127.621
209.076
84.480
312.727
140.378
88.174
47.606
184.704
48.476
113.011
2020
346.335
211.364
534.123
1963.060
1095.246
732.851
563.240
309.308
76.292
145.839
173.013
26.630
136.082
86.437
72.168
803.862
1522.898
145.760
146.806
69.686
96.262
70.930
116.090
95.734
50.673
751.655
85.306
79.392
82.808
80.093
129.380
68.436
156.914
96.652
153.427
251.363
101.400
392.512
168.762
105.998
57.225
222.057
58.202
135.648
-------
State
No.
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
County
No.
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
FIPS
38073
38075
38077
38079
38081
38083
38085
38087
38089
38091
38093
38095
38097
38099
38101
38103
38105
39001
39003
39005
39007
39009
39011
39013
39015
39017
39019
39021
39023
39025
39027
39029
39031
39033
39035
39037
39039
39041
39043
39045
39047
39049
39051
39053
State
Code
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
County
Ransom, ND
Renville, ND
Richland, ND
Rolette, ND
Sargent, ND
Sheridan, ND
Sioux, ND
Slope, ND
Stark, ND
Steele, ND
Stutsman, ND
Towner, ND
Traill, ND
Walsh, ND
Ward, ND
Wells, ND
Williams, ND
Adams, OH
Allen, OH
Ashland, OH
Ashtabula, OH
Athens, OH
Auglaize, OH
Belmont, OH
Brown, OH
Butler, OH
Carroll, OH
Champaign, OH
Clark, OH
Clermont, OH
Clinton, OH
Columbiana, OH
Coshocton, OH
Crawford, OH
Cuyahoga, OH
Darke, OH
Defiance, OH
Delaware, OH
Erie, OH
Fair-field, OH
Fayette, OH
Franklin, OH
Fulton, OH
Gallia, OH
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U2
R
R
U2
U1
R
U2
U1
U2
U1
R
U1
U1
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Population
1990
5921
3160
18148
12772
4549
2148
3761
907
22832
2420
22241
3627
8752
13840
57921
5864
21129
25371
109755
47507
99821
59549
44585
71074
34966
291479
26521
36019
147548
150167
35417
108276
35427
47870
1412140
53619
39350
66929
76779
103472
27466
961437
38498
30954
1996
5840
2896
18211
13936
4447
1836
4041
855
22716
2276
21278
3156
8647
13695
58629
5347
20514
28036
108233
51367
102666
61029
46625
69806
39489
321710
28582
37906
146380
169878
38761
111163
36052
47201
1390423
54218
39849
84472
78464
118888
28437
1009297
40920
32781
2007
6176
3063
19261
14740
4703
1942
4274
904
24026
2407
22504
3338
9146
14485
62009
5655
21697
28726
110898
52632
105194
62532
47773
71525
40461
329632
29285
38840
149984
174061
39715
113900
36940
48363
1424659
55553
40830
86552
80396
121815
29137
1034149
41928
33588
2020
6485
3216
20224
15476
4938
2039
4488
949
25227
2528
23629
3504
9603
15209
65108
5938
22781
29243
112891
53578
107085
63656
48632
72811
41189
335557
29812
39538
152680
177190
40429
115947
37604
49232
1450268
56552
41564
88108
81841
124005
29661
1052739
42682
34191
1990
68.586
36.947
218.244
124.689
56.445
28.869
37.066
1 1 .847
201.641
31.805
204.835
41.489
174.102
202.604
314.872
54.725
139.350
196.537
880.407
459.254
866.696
391.363
379.057
724.073
318.811
1603.323
194.099
235.112
1124.718
1105.980
394.782
803.470
273.287
282.405
8529.891
369.592
320.926
814.860
810.853
703.192
348.322
6738.587
410.173
280.645
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
99.387
53.044
172.237
214.388
76.359
36.055
63.131
15.226
139.729
40.620
137.766
60.881
146.909
159.092
312.053
98.430
156.013
314.276
1149.927
362.013
701.179
457.192
312.877
776.213
441.591
2571.097
304.274
354.168
1249.362
1754.534
256.928
939.692
334.771
269.807
12870.466
580.615
280.746
632.405
473.780
849.461
212.864
9711.176
327.572
369.499
2007
118.385
63.180
204.820
255.362
90.953
42.948
75.197
18.135
165.813
48.385
163.496
72.517
174.987
189.313
370.013
117.244
185.325
379.722
1354.248
437.042
811.393
551.959
371.704
887.579
542.845
3282.012
363.106
427.776
1494.116
2138.652
310.145
1100.512
404.323
317.496
14619.628
701.395
338.886
810.475
570.263
1089.857
256.992
12256.823
394.833
446.422
2020
142.320
75.960
245.991
307.008
109.336
51.632
90.406
21.797
198.896
58.173
196.119
87.192
210.376
227.462
443.619
140.956
222.435
461.115
1615.607
530.458
951.552
669.950
445.759
1030.329
670.173
4190.900
436.282
519.372
1809.881
2626.584
376.422
1298.105
490.876
375.910
16955.539
851.633
411.286
1035.185
690.893
1392.957
311.927
15510.342
479.289
542.104
-------
State
No.
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
County
No.
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
FIPS
39055
39057
39059
39061
39063
39065
39067
39069
39071
39073
39075
39077
39079
39081
39083
39085
39087
39089
39091
39093
39095
39097
39099
39101
39103
39105
39107
39109
39111
39113
39115
39117
39119
39121
39123
39125
39127
39129
39131
39133
39135
39137
39139
39141
State
Code
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
County
Geauga, OH
Greene, OH
Guernsey, OH
Hamilton, OH
Hancock, OH
Hardin, OH
Harrison, OH
Henry, OH
Highland, OH
Hocking, OH
Holmes, OH
Huron, OH
Jackson, OH
Jefferson, OH
Knox, OH
Lake, OH
Lawrence, OH
Licking, OH
Logan, OH
Lorain, OH
Lucas, OH
Madison, OH
Mahoning, OH
Marion, OH
Medina, OH
Meigs, OH
Mercer, OH
Miami, OH
Monroe, OH
Montgomery, OH
Morgan, OH
Morrow, OH
Muskingum, OH
Noble, OH
Ottawa, OH
Paulding, OH
Perry, OH
Pickaway, OH
Pike, OH
Portage, OH
Preble, OH
Putnam, OH
Richland, OH
Ross, OH
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
U2
U1
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
Ol
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
Population
1990
81129
136731
39024
866228
65536
31111
16085
29108
35728
25533
32849
56240
30230
80298
47473
215499
61834
128300
42310
271126
462361
37068
264806
64274
122354
22987
39443
93182
15497
573809
14194
27749
82068
11336
40029
20488
31557
48244
24249
142585
40113
33819
126137
69330
1996
86944
139279
40531
853689
68345
31636
16148
29781
39230
28295
36727
59493
32093
76626
51780
222541
64106
137824
45419
280845
452902
40855
258534
64995
139160
23850
40764
97091
15355
563090
14555
30604
84186
12166
40562
20204
33774
52507
27091
149620
42469
34900
127530
74357
2007
89085
142709
41529
874709
70028
32415
16546
30514
40196
28991
37631
60958
32884
78513
53055
228021
65685
141217
46537
287760
464053
41861
264900
66595
142587
24437
41768
99481
15733
576955
14913
31358
86259
12465
41561
20702
34606
53800
27758
153304
43515
35759
130670
76188
2020
90686
145274
42275
890433
71287
32998
16843
31063
40919
29513
38307
62054
33475
79924
54009
232120
66866
143756
47374
292933
472395
42613
269662
67792
145150
24877
42518
101269
16016
587326
15181
31921
87809
12689
42308
21074
35228
54767
28257
156059
44297
36402
133019
77558
1990
586.419
1110.892
607.213
6213.921
725.186
247.024
150.331
280.853
233.551
237.443
21 1 .626
428.937
252.096
557.775
275.522
1592.339
475.898
1209.485
301.137
1804.367
3076.923
465.919
1743.318
462.745
1011.998
168.995
335.787
760.583
183.554
4066.156
141.907
392.321
820.584
167.860
367.213
176.081
266.793
515.330
268.444
1272.664
353.367
283.681
915.503
601.991
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
1036.216
1188.181
391.018
8400.599
402.470
253.503
179.728
290.059
349.380
268.554
418.287
423.847
262.010
897.950
472.126
1999.587
710.868
1236.844
431.816
2571.065
4431.831
356.172
2354.125
449.294
1192.249
285.646
367.302
641.291
179.521
5986.740
198.728
350.215
794.917
158.715
430.809
252.613
339.764
520.775
280.304
1499.534
463.815
420.613
1106.076
680.803
2007
1198.685
1416.305
472.300
10135.637
485.640
306.087
217.124
350.351
421.990
324.405
505.410
511.685
316.394
1020.449
570.262
2278.170
850.665
1580.376
521.592
2932.055
5249.260
457.849
2718.661
542.312
1370.770
345.130
443.602
772.813
216.886
7103.306
240.148
423.154
960.109
191.794
520.379
305.217
410.438
669.564
338.645
1807.234
560.350
508.207
1291.218
822.296
2020
1405.472
1712.260
573.433
12369.431
589.261
371.545
263.649
425.350
512.338
393.879
613.751
621.050
384.088
1174.882
692.359
2646.981
1025.937
2014.901
633.285
3408.666
6305.776
585.868
3179.650
658.147
1601.405
419.108
538.541
940.396
263.364
8563.856
291.657
513.865
1165.641
232.919
631.810
370.644
498.355
856.853
411.205
2195.720
680.416
617.136
1521.512
998.348
-------
State
No.
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
County
No.
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
FIPS
39143
39145
39147
39149
39151
39153
39155
39157
39159
39161
39163
39165
39167
39169
39171
39173
39175
40001
40003
40005
40007
40009
40011
40013
40015
40017
40019
40021
40023
40025
40027
40029
40031
40033
40035
40037
40039
40041
40043
40045
40047
40049
40051
40053
State
Code
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
County
Sandusky, OH
Scioto, OH
Seneca, OH
Shelby, OH
Stark, OH
Summit, OH
Trumbull, OH
Tuscarawas, OH
Union, OH
Van Wert, OH
Vinton, OH
Warren, OH
Washington, OH
Wayne, OH
Williams, OH
Wood, OH
Wyandot, OH
Adair, OK
Alfalfa, OK
Atoka, OK
Beaver, OK
Beckham, OK
Elaine, OK
Bryan, OK
Caddo, OK
Canadian, OK
Carter, OK
Cherokee, OK
Choctaw, OK
Cimarron, OK
Cleveland, OK
Coal, OK
Comanche, OK
Cotton, OK
Craig, OK
Creek, OK
Custer, OK
Delaware, OK
Dewey, OK
Ellis, OK
Garfield, OK
Garvin, OK
Grady, OK
Grant, OK
Urban/
Rural
U2
R
R
R
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ol
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
61963
80327
59733
44915
367585
514990
227813
84090
31969
30464
11098
113927
62254
101461
36956
113269
22254
18421
6416
12778
6023
18812
11470
32089
29550
74409
42919
34049
15302
3301
174253
5780
111486
6651
14104
60915
26897
28070
5551
4497
56735
26605
41747
5689
1996
62248
80695
59983
47058
372843
529270
226329
87621
37682
30305
11900
136344
63418
108393
37739
118315
22644
19870
6107
13255
5987
18592
10716
33884
30734
83204
43948
37688
15263
3113
193891
6018
113604
6685
14394
65384
25946
33049
5111
4262
56704
26957
44881
5440
2007
63781
82682
61460
48217
382023
542302
231902
89778
38610
31051
12193
139701
64980
111062
38669
121228
23202
21399
6577
14275
6448
20022
11540
36490
33098
89604
47329
40587
16437
3353
208805
6481
122342
7200
15501
70413
27942
35591
5504
4590
61066
29031
48333
5859
2020
64928
84168
62565
49083
388890
552050
236071
91392
39304
31609
12412
142212
66148
113058
39364
123407
23619
23643
7267
15772
7124
22122
12750
40317
36569
99002
52293
44844
18160
3704
230705
7161
135174
7955
17127
77799
30873
39324
6082
5071
67471
32076
53402
6473
1990
729.908
464.172
374.050
461.958
2010.726
3947.795
1656.246
868.845
354.160
251.104
93.446
1036.333
517.339
911.052
385.759
1218.369
283.119
241.530
92.025
138.166
88.501
198.657
141.294
300.150
526.051
549.726
422.061
320.405
165.637
47.438
1537.146
78.552
843.502
106.365
202.139
824.712
250.692
284.025
77.004
72.763
466.930
386.350
514.757
84.753
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
426.880
673.360
446.848
381.432
3361.137
4989.990
2109.367
649.375
319.787
240.319
155.381
1217.157
604.366
932.802
350.176
979.192
184.760
295.908
118.203
181.582
110.963
129.363
155.688
385.589
436.907
890.406
324.318
457.575
184.337
60.815
2482.306
106.486
1187.374
82.953
165.107
700.382
178.586
451.524
102.268
82.848
310.159
342.386
481.469
104.809
2007
515.244
813.081
539.443
460.589
3959.974
5953.931
2444.279
783.990
386.261
290.149
187.768
1481.286
723.230
1125.926
422.930
1171.694
223.094
366.452
146.438
224.784
137.467
159.585
192.703
477.050
540.933
1101.990
400.330
566.340
228.063
75.342
3068.287
131.921
1418.890
102.641
204.249
889.946
220.254
559.170
126.695
102.638
370.508
423.706
595.575
129.844
2020
625.285
986.991
654.726
559.117
4722.114
7190.379
2864.667
951.576
468.966
352.187
228.034
1817.475
874.286
1366.431
513.454
1416.181
270.799
456.218
182.342
279.796
171.177
198.226
239.836
593.562
673.341
1377.996
497.440
704.840
283.780
93.821
3833.851
164.272
1726.396
127.725
254.122
1127.059
273.552
696.145
157.767
127.805
447.131
527.278
740.973
161.685
-------
State
No.
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
County
No.
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
FIPS
40055
40057
40059
40061
40063
40065
40067
40069
40071
40073
40075
40077
40079
40081
40083
40085
40087
40089
40091
40093
40095
40097
40099
40101
40103
40105
40107
40109
40111
40113
40115
40117
40119
40121
40123
40125
40127
40129
40131
40133
40135
40137
40139
40141
State
Code
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
County
Greer, OK
Harmon, OK
Harper, OK
Haskell, OK
Hughes, OK
Jackson, OK
Jefferson, OK
Johnston, OK
Kay, OK
Kingfisher, OK
Kiowa, OK
Latimer, OK
Le Flore, OK
Lincoln, OK
Logan, OK
Love, OK
McClain, OK
McCurtain, OK
Mclntosh, OK
Major, OK
Marshall, OK
Mayes, OK
Murray, OK
Muskogee, OK
Noble, OK
Nowata, OK
Okfuskee, OK
Oklahoma, OK
Okmulgee, OK
Osage, OK
Ottawa, OK
Pawnee, OK
Payne, OK
Pittsburg, OK
Pontotoc, OK
Pottawatomie, OK
Pushmataha, OK
Roger Mills, OK
Rogers, OK
Seminole, OK
Sequoyah, OK
Stephens, OK
Texas, OK
Tillman, OK
Urban/
Rural
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
U1
U2
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
U2
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
6559
3793
4063
10940
13014
28764
7010
10032
48056
13212
11347
10333
43270
29216
29011
7788
22795
33433
16779
8055
10829
33366
12042
68078
11045
9992
11551
599611
36490
41645
30561
15575
61507
40950
34119
58760
10997
4147
55170
25412
33828
42299
16419
10384
1996
6403
3519
3683
11324
13089
28719
6718
10236
47011
13442
10901
10292
46027
30816
30379
8481
25384
34292
18510
7812
11871
36544
12321
69190
11217
9915
11309
625991
37950
42390
30578
16117
63877
42875
34710
61416
11433
3680
64156
25074
36446
43418
17844
9760
2007
6896
3789
3967
12195
14095
30928
7234
11023
50627
14476
11740
11083
49567
33187
32716
9133
27337
36930
19933
8413
12784
39355
13268
74512
12080
10677
12179
674142
40869
45650
32930
17356
68790
46173
37380
66140
12313
3963
69091
27003
39249
46758
19216
10511
2020
7619
4187
4383
13474
15574
34172
7993
12180
55937
15994
12971
12246
54766
36667
36147
10091
30204
40803
22024
9296
14125
43483
14660
82327
13347
11797
13457
744848
45155
50438
36384
19177
76005
51016
41301
73077
13604
4379
76338
29835
43366
51662
21232
11613
1990
60.372
34.825
61.309
121.880
142.169
207.719
106.409
108.659
439.593
150.109
126.955
103.704
403.471
444.348
372.085
149.751
293.643
376.280
214.990
86.783
111.493
522.344
121.794
755.049
146.991
114.784
173.466
5914.107
452.335
411.374
412.636
175.026
577.047
387.260
295.150
583.863
128.890
62.402
734.185
344.382
480.748
341.697
161.757
1 1 1 .404
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
66.255
28.193
74.852
159.537
161.710
172.308
129.145
132.803
281.038
176.569
138.782
141.385
566.822
453.819
357.505
150.279
288.695
437.738
212.153
102.615
149.623
478.795
102.423
585.465
122.234
120.495
162.453
8480.646
357.033
628.919
348.526
235.431
416.060
480.113
370.365
549.524
162.432
76.401
786.255
286.897
459.140
352.672
175.129
106.087
2007
81.913
34.797
92.732
197.512
200.091
212.350
159.994
164.361
346.279
218.534
171.712
175.001
701.231
561.953
448.457
186.173
362.450
541.739
262.526
126.984
185.208
592.734
126.514
723.225
151.175
149.076
201.099
10456.352
441.332
797.798
431.104
291.503
513.204
593.957
458.026
688.994
201.102
94.648
998.649
354.860
590.162
435.581
216.563
131.164
2020
101.868
43.233
115.478
245.851
248.980
263.616
199.231
204.547
429.824
271.981
213.660
217.812
872.470
699.572
565.255
231.834
457.074
674.192
326.681
158.014
230.521
737.782
157.272
899.050
188.066
185.494
250.305
13045.781
548.833
1009.349
536.345
362.869
637.428
739.010
569.757
868.190
250.334
117.861
1264.409
441.472
758.314
541 .420
269.385
163.131
-------
State
No.
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
42
42
County
No.
143
145
147
149
151
153
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
1
3
FIPS
40143
40145
40147
40149
40151
40153
41001
41003
41005
41007
41009
41011
41013
41015
41017
41019
41021
41023
41025
41027
41029
41031
41033
41035
41037
41039
41041
41043
41045
41047
41049
41051
41053
41055
41057
41059
41061
41063
41065
41067
41069
41071
42001
42003
State
Code
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
PA
PA
County
Tulsa, OK
Wagoner, OK
Washington, OK
Washita, OK
Woods, OK
Woodward, OK
Baker, OR
Benton, OR
Clackamas, OR
Clatsop, OR
Columbia, OR
Coos, OR
Crook, OR
Curry, OR
Deschutes, OR
Douglas, OR
Gilliam, OR
Grant, OR
Harney, OR
Hood River, OR
Jackson, OR
Jefferson, OR
Josephine, OR
Klamath, OR
Lake, OR
Lane, OR
Lincoln, OR
Linn, OR
Malheur, OR
Marion, OR
Morrow, OR
Multnomah, OR
Polk, OR
Sherman, OR
Tillamook, OR
Umatilla, OR
Union, OR
Wallowa, OR
Wasco, OR
Washington, OR
Wheeler, OR
Yamhill, OR
Adams, PA
Allegheny, PA
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
U2
R
U2
U2
U2
U2
U1
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
U1
R
U1
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
SP
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
SP
WA
SP
WA
SP
SP
SP
SP
WA
SP
WA
SP
SP
WA
WA
WA
SP
WA
SP
WA
WA
SP
WA
SP
SP
SP
SP
WA
SP
WA
NN
Nl
Population
1990
503341
47883
48066
11441
9103
18976
15317
70811
278850
33301
37557
60273
14111
19327
74976
94649
1717
7853
7060
16903
146387
13676
62649
57702
7186
282912
38889
91227
26038
228483
7625
583887
49541
1918
21570
59249
23598
6911
21683
311554
1396
65551
78274
1336449
1996
531245
53300
47500
11651
8373
18709
16261
75725
323641
35225
42866
62208
16551
21004
97597
100794
1921
7981
7037
19230
167450
16171
71915
62251
7307
307293
44630
101695
28152
259889
9344
618800
58617
1818
23982
63968
24861
7341
23028
379938
1573
78118
84685
1288599
2007
572108
57400
51154
12547
9017
20148
18790
87505
373989
40705
49535
71886
19126
24271
112780
116474
2220
9222
8132
22222
193499
18687
83102
71935
8444
355097
51573
117516
32531
300319
10798
715065
67736
2100
27713
73919
28728
8483
26610
439043
1818
90270
86202
1311670
2020
632113
63420
56519
13863
9962
22261
21244
98932
422826
46021
56003
81273
21624
27440
127507
131684
2510
10427
9193
25124
218767
21127
93954
81329
9546
401467
58308
132861
36779
339536
12208
808441
76581
2375
31332
83571
32479
9591
30085
496376
2056
102058
87961
1338447
1990
5412.274
440.927
317.100
228.210
90.094
165.125
156.313
555.467
2694.951
365.280
471.998
699.319
158.187
213.236
768.204
1100.713
35.647
142.277
97.497
218.063
1420.974
201.002
721.374
549.806
94.468
2730.959
401.030
979.811
314.110
2020.104
130.296
4553.328
437.965
37.640
314.942
600.717
266.749
126.037
199.054
2295.106
26.223
640.307
631.940
8952.594
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
7282.669
638.147
273.468
163.397
78.066
148.184
126.227
420.694
3452.162
303.664
479.949
569.078
167.069
276.292
900.956
900.990
31.124
142.344
79.714
229.654
1574.525
190.857
718.593
444.118
88.409
2934.656
414.330
873.088
272.833
2318.398
138.211
6215.976
435.638
34.765
324.699
517.847
232.878
125.269
156.042
3509.106
25.303
609.068
749.156
11308.287
2007
9097.590
808.144
336.878
202.278
96.433
182.950
163.506
544.079
4546.587
393.499
637.217
737.518
216.676
358.503
1168.519
1167.711
40.403
184.789
103.368
297.951
2037.569
247.633
931.875
575.113
114.674
3729.912
537.185
1131.568
353.714
3022.728
179.425
8109.838
570.360
45.133
421.366
670.936
301.856
162.623
202.006
4591.669
32.849
808.538
904.696
13198.658
2020
11404.662
1021.409
418.099
251.772
119.865
227.367
211.281
702.398
5973.008
508.593
841.183
953.315
280.199
463.727
1511.127
1509.404
52.271
239.110
133.665
385.387
2639.238
320.313
1204.997
743.034
148.293
4757.444
694.536
1462.712
457.301
3933.488
232.164
10593.652
744.042
58.397
545.085
867.108
390.216
210.424
260.936
6008.628
42.514
1067.248
1105.673
15779.873
-------
State
No.
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
County
No.
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
FIPS
42005
42007
42009
42011
42013
42015
42017
42019
42021
42023
42025
42027
42029
42031
42033
42035
42037
42039
42041
42043
42045
42047
42049
42051
42053
42055
42057
42059
42061
42063
42065
42067
42069
42071
42073
42075
42077
42079
42081
42083
42085
42087
42089
42091
State
Code
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
County
Armstrong, PA
Beaver, PA
Bedford, PA
Berks, PA
Blair, PA
Bradford, PA
Bucks, PA
Butler, PA
Cambria, PA
Cameron, PA
Carbon, PA
Centre, PA
Chester, PA
Clarion, PA
Clear-field, PA
Clinton, PA
Columbia, PA
Crawford, PA
Cumberland, PA
Dauphin, PA
Delaware, PA
Elk, PA
Erie, PA
Fayette, PA
Forest, PA
Franklin, PA
Fulton, PA
Greene, PA
Huntingdon, PA
Indiana, PA
Jefferson, PA
Juniata, PA
Lackawanna, PA
Lancaster, PA
Lawrence, PA
Lebanon, PA
Lehigh, PA
Luzerne, PA
Lycoming, PA
McKean, PA
Mercer, PA
Mifflin, PA
Monroe, PA
Montgomery, PA
Urban/
Rural
R
U1
R
U1
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
U1
U2
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
U2
R
U2
R
U1
U1
Mapped
Area
NN
Nl
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
Nl
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
Population
1990
73478
186093
47919
336523
130542
60967
541174
152013
163062
5913
56846
124812
376396
41699
78097
37182
63202
86170
195257
237813
547651
34878
275572
145351
4802
121082
13837
39550
44164
89994
46083
20625
219097
422822
96246
113744
291130
328149
118710
47131
121003
46197
95709
678193
1996
73559
185741
49062
351552
130869
62103
576710
166742
158225
5747
58559
131824
410806
41803
80290
36927
64083
88872
206053
244653
543673
34906
278854
145081
4895
126474
14368
41830
45028
89298
46498
21716
211697
449600
95557
116720
296764
319073
118449
46852
121896
47036
118699
707570
2007
74876
189066
49941
357846
133212
63215
587036
169727
161058
5850
59607
134184
418161
42551
81728
37589
65230
90463
209742
249033
553407
35531
283847
147678
4982
128739
14626
42579
45834
90897
47330
22105
215487
457650
97268
118810
302077
324785
120569
47691
124079
47878
120824
720238
2020
76404
192926
50960
365152
135931
64505
599020
173192
164346
5969
60824
136924
426698
43420
83396
38356
66562
92310
214024
254117
564704
36257
289641
150693
5084
131367
14924
43448
46770
92752
48297
22556
219887
466992
99253
121235
308244
331416
123031
48665
126612
48856
123291
734942
1990
539.057
1432.379
714.600
2398.202
877.499
438.324
4195.583
1282.981
1057.905
48.185
535.614
1046.919
3272.784
504.834
854.848
390.384
551.858
773.812
1966.021
2249.397
2713.141
242.222
1743.698
998.186
85.878
1123.538
361.557
347.371
395.789
725.973
474.215
215.257
1550.621
3015.961
696.748
816.257
2298.931
2289.545
976.238
323.887
1019.529
318.660
1073.695
5518.234
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
714.497
1636.776
508.167
2925.874
1055.783
555.776
3817.707
1189.848
1374.021
40.181
324.751
1007.456
3104.577
402.454
692.422
321.825
464.604
752.633
2010.878
2834.538
3638.330
248.598
1858.714
1265.970
54.277
1048.792
156.399
401.488
395.504
816.408
373.862
233.122
1703.000
3627.052
698.670
887.493
2559.725
2483.691
1164.388
381.110
999.454
422.536
880.631
4818.155
2007
862.860
1920.507
613.754
3548.699
1257.816
671.119
4575.914
1414.197
1619.583
48.495
399.407
1278.417
3738.601
486.016
836.090
388.584
553.917
908.773
2514.952
3533.704
4337.947
300.069
2191.185
1503.067
65.559
1265.024
188.910
484.884
477.572
985.834
451.370
281.582
2001.633
4594.775
841.307
1119.568
3104.966
2928.501
1403.027
460.119
1177.943
510.229
1063.408
5758.668
2020
1054.568
2303.400
750.167
4360.445
1528.823
820.188
5559.220
1709.203
1945.592
59.255
494.451
1631.441
4554.604
593.994
1021.767
474.868
670.842
1110.578
3167.364
4441.755
5253.524
366.631
2647.742
1815.475
80.134
1544.967
230.900
592.629
583.630
1204.792
551.560
344.182
2403.741
5827.612
1026.470
1417.335
3811.508
3523.466
1714.353
562.253
1410.086
623.554
1299.606
6984.293
-------
State County
No. No.
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
44
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
1
3
5
7
9
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
FIPS
42093
42095
42097
42099
42101
42103
42105
42107
42109
42111
42113
42115
42117
42119
42121
42123
42125
42127
42129
42131
42133
44001
44003
44005
44007
44009
45001
45003
45005
45007
45009
45011
45013
45015
45017
45019
45021
45023
45025
45027
45029
45031
45033
45035
State
Code
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
Rl
Rl
Rl
Rl
Rl
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
County
Montour, PA
Northampton, PA
Northumberland, PA
Perry, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Pike, PA
Potter, PA
Schuylkill, PA
Snyder, PA
Somerset, PA
Sullivan, PA
Susquehanna, PA
Tioga, PA
Union, PA
Venango, PA
Warren, PA
Washington, PA
Wayne, PA
Westmoreland, PA
Wyoming, PA
York, PA
Bristol, Rl
Kent, Rl
Newport, Rl
Providence, Rl
Washington, Rl
Abbeville, SC
Aiken, SC
Allendale, SC
Anderson, SC
Bamberg, SC
Barnwell, SC
Beaufort, SC
Berkeley, SC
Calhoun, SC
Charleston, SC
Cherokee, SC
Chester, SC
Chesterfield, SC
Clarendon, SC
Colleton, SC
Darlington, SC
Dillon, SC
Dorchester, SC
Urban/
Rural
R
U1
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
U2
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
NN
Nl
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
Nl
NN
Nl
NN
NN
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
17735
247105
96771
41172
1585577
27966
16717
152585
36680
78218
6104
40380
41126
36176
59381
45049
204584
39944
370321
28076
339574
48859
161135
87194
596270
110006
23862
120991
11722
145177
16902
20293
86425
128776
12753
295041
44506
32170
38575
28450
34377
61851
29114
83060
1996
17937
255834
95339
43737
1470544
37516
17097
151446
38051
79964
6103
41841
41543
40974
58255
44345
205632
44609
374051
29200
366097
48954
161655
83255
577549
118307
24331
132124
11592
156383
16655
21610
103702
133520
13624
286276
47807
33493
39830
30364
36642
65222
29610
89634
2007
18258
260415
97046
44520
1496872
38188
17403
154157
38732
81396
6212
42591
42287
41708
59298
45139
209314
45408
380748
29722
372652
50534
166872
85941
596187
122124
26890
146021
12811
172831
18407
23883
114609
147563
15057
316385
52835
37015
44019
33558
40495
72082
32725
99062
2020
18631
265731
99027
45428
1527431
38968
17758
157304
39523
83057
6339
43460
43150
42559
60508
46061
213587
46335
388521
30329
380260
54577
180224
92818
643889
131896
29558
160508
14082
189978
20233
26253
125980
162204
16551
347775
58077
40688
48386
36887
44513
79233
35971
108890
1990
194.228
1468.004
662.826
403.866
5439.178
384.802
156.236
1163.824
319.508
899.840
70.785
465.453
378.361
380.753
525.792
380.797
1895.332
342.691
3079.507
251.024
2541.890
265.516
1187.809
646.972
4421.189
843.066
220.703
1221.763
93.582
1516.896
154.052
150.773
486.260
1117.632
210.199
2587.204
487.511
401.982
383.039
413.923
469.970
836.181
447.462
704.507
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996 2007
115.474
2165.396
588.202
467.565
10420.259
316.098
158.512
1046.762
357.168
759.206
68.995
456.412
390.527
310.079
419.591
390.149
1888.600
398.455
3239.394
317.341
3196.209
362.389
1188.140
658.075
4359.944
531.654
286.890
1514.968
119.775
1663.486
158.021
158.521
514.862
1387.222
199.091
2806.605
459.362
401.291
480.010
380.661
457.939
685.890
356.608
912.471
139.359
2634.307
709.759
591.002
12415.797
421.773
191.419
1263.400
431.334
899.971
83.335
551.287
471.604
374.397
506.459
471.082
2224.544
481.209
3813.187
378.582
3948.569
436.595
1432.713
794.326
5257.865
649.571
368.445
1952.568
153.765
2127.767
202.814
203.338
659.703
1775.043
255.820
3569.441
590.481
515.412
616.513
488.988
588.247
880.321
458.003
1166.828
2020
170.254
3239.550
867.027
749.072
15030.388
558.849
233.952
1543.578
527.164
1084.837
101.859
673.844
576.367
457.533
618.794
575.692
2674.229
588.134
4582.261
458.663
4901.002
537.442
1764.641
978.196
6476.325
806.443
475.185
2527.357
198.257
2737.506
261.462
262.050
849.676
2291.777
330.031
4591.780
761.937
664.762
795.156
630.730
758.767
1134.934
590.711
1505.937
-------
State
No.
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
County
No.
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
FIPS
45037
45039
45041
45043
45045
45047
45049
45051
45053
45055
45057
45059
45061
45063
45065
45067
45069
45071
45073
45075
45077
45079
45081
45083
45085
45087
45089
45091
46003
46005
46007
46009
46011
46013
46015
46017
46019
46021
46023
46025
46027
46029
46031
46033
State
Code
SC
sc
SC
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
County
Edgefield, SC
Fair-field, SC
Florence, SC
Georgetown, SC
Greenville, SC
Greenwood, SC
Hampton, SC
Horry, SC
Jasper, SC
Kershaw, SC
Lancaster, SC
Laurens, SC
Lee, SC
Lexington, SC
McCormick, SC
Marion, SC
Marlboro, SC
Newberry, SC
Oconee, SC
Orangeburg, SC
Pickens, SC
Richland, SC
Saluda, SC
Spartanburg, SC
Sumter, SC
Union, SC
Williamsburg, SC
York, SC
Aurora, SD
Beadle, SD
Bennett, SD
Bon Homme, SD
Brookings, SD
Brown, SD
Brule, SD
Buffalo, SD
Butte, SD
Campbell, SD
Charles Mix, SD
Clark, SD
Clay, SD
Codington, SD
Corson, SD
Custer, SD
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
U1
U2
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
18360
22295
114344
46302
320167
59567
18191
144053
15487
43599
54516
58092
18437
167611
8868
33899
29716
33172
57494
84803
93896
286321
16357
226793
101276
30337
36815
131497
3135
18253
3206
7089
25207
35580
5485
1759
7914
1965
9131
4403
13186
22698
4195
6179
1996
19551
22360
122945
51474
344472
62787
18923
165589
16744
47154
57407
61363
19936
195691
9431
34750
29574
34090
62609
87095
103086
301112
16732
242382
105830
30526
37236
147787
3035
18016
3277
7593
26046
35684
5536
1768
8781
1974
9441
4375
15058
25059
4264
6854
2007
21608
24712
135876
56888
380702
69391
20913
183005
18505
52113
63445
67817
22033
216273
10423
38405
32684
37675
69193
96255
113928
332781
18492
267874
116961
33737
41152
163331
3353
19903
3621
8389
28776
39423
6117
1954
9702
2180
10431
4833
16636
27685
4710
7572
2020
23752
27164
149357
62532
418473
76276
22988
201161
20341
57283
69740
74545
24219
237730
11457
42215
35927
41413
76058
105805
125232
365798
20327
294451
128565
37084
45235
179535
3505
20806
3785
8769
30080
41211
6394
2042
10142
2279
10904
5052
17390
28940
4924
7915
1990
165.894
320.160
1276.448
400.202
2854.527
495.401
273.615
931.034
249.768
542.488
532.483
650.154
283.317
1696.701
89.781
300.860
402.323
415.284
656.414
1070.762
716.647
2576.078
164.658
2469.453
950.660
283.242
411.601
1291.424
72.057
100.664
33.818
89.531
225.217
185.849
104.176
19.947
52.379
24.915
107.537
54.371
64.298
144.707
57.725
66.657
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
211.980
296.444
1337.084
537.026
3613.811
631.636
239.946
1783.078
241.772
539.215
685.073
641.338
236.791
2031.646
138.442
334.702
285.906
366.776
685.890
961.378
953.801
3342.087
208.690
2842.110
1132.685
332.050
519.364
1570.750
54.160
120.761
55.387
122.470
181.155
225.038
94.760
30.389
68.961
33.949
157.747
76.067
70.957
117.145
72.472
106.749
2007
275.711
380.801
1695.684
688.386
4587.862
810.950
308.217
2384.830
310.663
692.545
879.907
823.490
304.148
2601.063
177.888
429.639
366.987
470.948
880.856
1234.507
1225.710
4251.910
268.052
3627.588
1420.628
426.348
667.230
2045.399
68.200
151.560
69.745
154.218
227.456
282.365
119.324
38.267
86.662
42.747
198.642
95.785
88.945
146.799
91.260
134.421
2020
358.814
491.186
2165.760
886.832
5875.956
1045.703
397.566
3185.236
400.778
893.203
1134.890
1061.934
392.293
3350.424
229.496
553.943
473.159
607.304
1136.038
1592.024
1581.344
5455.832
345.731
4661.131
1806.308
549.794
860.707
2670.907
85.663
189.973
87.596
193.690
285.174
353.872
149.858
48.051
108.703
53.683
249.481
120.300
111.398
183.836
114.614
168.830
-------
State County
No. No.
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
FIPS
46035
46037
46039
46041
46043
46045
46047
46049
46051
46053
46055
46057
46059
46061
46063
46065
46067
46069
46071
46073
46075
46077
46079
46081
46083
46085
46087
46089
46091
46093
46095
46097
46099
46101
46103
46105
46107
46109
46111
46113
46115
46117
46119
46121
State
Code
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
County
Davison, SD
Day, SD
Deuel, SD
Dewey, SD
Douglas, SD
Edmunds, SD
Fall River, SD
Faulk, SD
Grant, SD
Gregory, SD
Haakon, SD
Hamlin, SD
Hand, SD
Hanson, SD
Harding, SD
Hughes, SD
Hutchinson, SD
Hyde, SD
Jackson, SD
Jerauld, SD
Jones, SD
Kingsbury, SD
Lake, SD
Lawrence, SD
Lincoln, SD
Lyman, SD
McCook, SD
McPherson, SD
Marshall, SD
Meade, SD
Mellette, SD
Miner, SD
Minnehaha, SD
Moody, SD
Pennington, SD
Perkins, SD
Potter, SD
Roberts, SD
Sanborn, SD
Shannon, SD
Spink, SD
Stanley, SD
Sully, SD
Todd, SD
Urban/
Rural
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Population
1990
17503
6978
4522
5523
3746
4356
7353
2744
8372
5359
2624
4974
4272
2994
1669
14817
8262
1696
2811
2425
1324
5925
10550
20655
15427
3638
5688
3228
4844
21878
2137
3272
123809
6507
81343
3932
3190
9914
2833
9902
7981
2453
1589
8352
1996
18621
6501
4549
5647
3598
4263
7156
2562
8094
5082
2491
5259
4203
2913
1522
15320
8125
1655
2910
2299
1290
5844
10633
21920
19477
3885
5686
2846
4656
21982
2005
2975
138131
6534
86355
3598
2963
9965
2770
11709
7740
2856
1546
9161
2007
20572
7182
5025
6239
3975
4710
7906
2831
8943
5615
2752
5811
4643
3218
1681
16926
8976
1828
3214
2540
1425
6456
11747
24217
21518
4292
6282
3144
5144
24285
2215
3287
152606
7218
95404
3975
3273
11009
3061
12936
8551
3155
1708
10121
2020
21505
7507
5253
6522
4155
4924
8264
2959
9348
5869
2877
6074
4853
3364
1757
17693
9383
1911
3360
2655
1489
6749
12280
25315
22494
4487
6567
3286
5377
25386
2316
3436
159526
7546
99730
4155
3422
11508
3200
13522
8939
3298
1786
10580
1990
113.744
90.354
105.050
59.610
46.451
57.311
52.691
36.959
107.904
66.833
31.036
104.496
54.969
67.830
18.889
54.303
103.874
22.987
68.264
32.539
29.057
74.199
65.358
198.891
225.021
76.744
127.990
44.739
60.038
239.739
24.979
41.536
1038.468
132.916
784.191
52.211
40.818
168.577
35.692
99.301
76.009
28.142
22.108
81.411
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
86.700
120.552
78.122
95.416
64.717
75.254
59.425
47.407
84.001
92.584
45.333
85.930
73.803
51.727
28.834
54.239
142.735
29.301
48.564
41.895
22.874
102.361
84.458
191.175
211.098
62.851
98.266
55.767
83.685
226.967
36.921
56.527
1245.295
112.416
824.737
67.930
55.111
171.276
48.943
130.457
96.396
42.380
27.452
144.289
2007
108.618
151.804
98.374
120.151
81.493
94.763
74.655
59.695
105.619
116.583
57.084
108.207
92.936
65.133
36.309
67.779
179.737
36.895
61.153
52.754
28.803
128.896
106.097
240.306
280.187
79.143
123.739
70.224
105.379
285.410
46.489
71.181
1632.494
141.557
1096.166
85.539
69.398
215.675
61.631
164.170
121.276
53.365
34.568
181.693
2020
135.992
190.650
123.557
150.903
102.346
119.022
93.632
74.969
132.530
146.426
71.695
135.905
116.726
81.805
45.591
84.731
225.735
46.339
76.801
66.257
36.167
161.879
133.059
301.481
369.555
99.400
155.415
88.198
132.347
358.163
58.381
89.396
2137.076
177.784
1457.193
107.430
87.148
270.876
77.408
206.108
152.225
67.019
43.420
228.198
-------
State
No.
46
46
46
46
46
46
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
County
No.
123
125
127
129
135
137
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
FIPS
46123
46125
46127
46129
46135
46137
47001
47003
47005
47007
47009
47011
47013
47015
47017
47019
47021
47023
47025
47027
47029
47031
47033
47035
47037
47039
47041
47043
47045
47047
47049
47051
47053
47055
47057
47059
47061
47063
47065
47067
47069
47071
47073
47075
State
Code
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
County
Tripp, SD
Turner, SD
Union, SD
Walworth, SD
Yankton, SD
Ziebach, SD
Anderson, TN
Bedford, TN
Benton, TN
Bledsoe, TN
Blount, TN
Bradley, TN
Campbell, TN
Cannon, TN
Carroll, TN
Carter, TN
Cheatham, TN
Chester, TN
Claiborne, TN
Clay, TN
Cocke, TN
Coffee, TN
Crockett, TN
Cumberland, TN
Davidson, TN
Decatur, TN
DeKalb, TN
Dickson, TN
Dyer, TN
Fayette, TN
Fentress, TN
Franklin, TN
Gibson, TN
Giles, TN
Grainger, TN
Greene, TN
Grundy, TN
Hamblen, TN
Hamilton, TN
Hancock, TN
Hardeman, TN
Hardin, TN
Hawkins, TN
Haywood, TN
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
U2
Mapped
Area
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Ol
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
6924
8576
10189
6087
19252
2220
68250
30411
14524
9669
85969
73712
35079
10467
27514
51505
27140
12819
26137
7238
29141
40339
13378
34736
510786
10472
14360
35061
34854
25559
14669
34725
46315
25741
17095
55853
13362
50480
285536
6739
23377
22633
44565
19437
1996
6889
8625
11706
5687
20761
2255
70975
33626
16056
10466
98319
79316
37462
11814
28705
52857
33367
14280
28590
7318
31246
44780
13738
41922
530417
10724
15595
40172
36223
28959
15727
36800
47852
28087
19124
58933
13887
53272
293370
6796
24044
24444
48175
19746
2007
7611
9529
12933
6283
22937
2491
80413
38098
18191
11858
111393
89863
42443
13385
32523
59886
37804
16179
32392
8291
35401
50735
15565
47497
600951
12150
17669
45514
41040
32810
17818
41694
54215
31822
21667
66769
15734
60356
332382
7699
27241
27695
54582
22372
2020
7956
9961
13519
6568
23977
2604
86654
41054
19603
12778
120038
96837
45737
14424
35047
64533
40738
17435
34906
8934
38149
54672
16773
51183
647590
13093
19040
49046
44225
35357
19201
44930
58423
34292
23348
71951
16955
65040
358178
8297
29355
29844
58818
24109
1990
50.680
102.816
193.692
41.737
106.532
25.639
745.619
310.665
197.085
84.206
598.711
767.263
435.670
90.924
351.710
415.652
323.632
102.997
212.786
68.201
370.952
393.236
126.832
378.628
5382.432
162.547
112.041
393.888
371.085
378.858
131.717
270.290
387.646
311.713
148.825
703.008
206.416
582.027
2841.811
61.188
197.167
182.111
360.157
230.399
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
67.192
148.159
167.543
46.261
134.034
38.352
527.323
257.564
158.232
133.193
1204.980
545.941
400.623
144.184
274.978
710.843
344.551
121.915
329.540
99.707
319.617
286.156
184.286
398.904
7813.179
144.256
154.271
382.006
263.844
352.082
202.069
394.459
385.532
263.913
235.487
613.971
184.066
449.763
4271.978
92.831
253.469
236.328
567.695
152.680
2007
84.474
186.568
210.320
58.101
168.264
48.295
682.310
328.737
202.242
170.416
1547.870
696.172
512.168
184.481
351.307
886.670
452.839
155.714
421.483
127.570
408.529
364.781
235.786
509.988
10073.050
184.568
197.169
501.717
336.500
446.667
258.541
504.278
492.016
337.215
301.299
784.781
235.504
574.231
5330.131
118.774
323.963
301.998
710.942
194.774
2020
105.992
234.314
263.652
72.854
210.939
60.662
877.648
419.250
258.142
217.657
1982.355
887.347
653.824
235.617
448.290
1113.664
591.680
198.663
538.193
162.927
521 .460
464.866
301.157
651.059
13008.674
235.738
251.652
655.273
428.949
566.423
330.205
643.729
627.435
430.350
384.823
1001.719
300.788
732.464
6720.339
151.700
413.505
385.425
895.073
248.323
-------
State
No.
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
County
No.
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
FIPS
47077
47079
47081
47083
47085
47087
47089
47091
47093
47095
47097
47099
47101
47103
47105
47107
47109
47111
47113
47115
47117
47119
47121
47123
47125
47127
47129
47131
47133
47135
47137
47139
47141
47143
47145
47147
47149
47151
47153
47155
47157
47159
47161
47163
State
Code
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
County
Henderson, TN
Henry, TN
Hickman, TN
Houston, TN
Humphreys, TN
Jackson, TN
Jefferson, TN
Johnson, TN
Knox, TN
Lake, TN
Lauderdale, TN
Lawrence, TN
Lewis, TN
Lincoln, TN
Loudon, TN
McMinn, TN
McNairy, TN
Macon, TN
Madison, TN
Marion, TN
Marshall, TN
Maury, TN
Meigs, TN
Monroe, TN
Montgomery, TN
Moore, TN
Morgan, TN
Obion, TN
Overton, TN
Perry, TN
Pickett, TN
Polk, TN
Putnam, TN
Rhea, TN
Roane, TN
Robertson, TN
Rutherford, TN
Scott, TN
Sequatchie, TN
Sevier, TN
Shelby, TN
Smith, TN
Stewart, TN
Sullivan, TN
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
U1
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
Ol
SE
SE
SE
Population
1990
21844
27888
16754
7018
15813
9297
33016
13766
335749
7129
23491
35303
9247
28157
31255
42383
22422
15906
77982
24860
21539
54812
8033
30541
100498
4721
17300
31717
17636
6612
4548
13643
51373
24344
47227
41492
118570
18358
8863
51043
826330
14143
9479
143596
1996
23690
29443
19456
7689
16656
9516
40763
16157
361358
8038
24065
38570
10528
29054
37237
45389
23499
17511
83822
26465
25070
66201
9459
33449
120859
5155
18323
32061
18922
7362
4597
14552
57280
27125
49526
50055
153690
19584
9925
60951
860307
15802
11003
149671
2007
26841
33358
22043
8712
18871
10782
46183
18306
409411
9107
27265
43698
11928
32917
42189
51425
26623
19840
94968
29985
28403
75004
10717
37897
136930
5840
20760
36324
21438
8341
5208
16487
64897
30732
56112
56711
174127
22188
11245
69056
974710
17904
12466
169575
2020
28924
35947
23754
9388
20336
11619
49768
19727
441184
9814
29381
47090
12853
35472
45463
55416
28690
21380
102338
32312
30608
80825
11549
40838
147557
6293
22371
39143
23102
8988
5612
17766
69933
33117
60466
61112
187641
23910
12117
74415
1050354
19293
13434
182735
1990
273.204
230.110
204.446
61.047
203.971
83.497
423.870
122.119
3628.857
66.234
203.737
279.988
77.295
218.183
353.034
501.400
191.117
130.864
806.714
315.844
225.452
529.100
66.021
369.353
861.736
40.069
147.386
261.414
148.508
54.295
38.719
120.845
530.473
201.926
550.968
443.306
884.389
163.692
68.112
558.516
6134.583
202.411
76.984
1472.260
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
234.176
275.743
189.261
96.673
172.501
128.070
391.705
189.630
4892.137
98.203
252.524
366.724
84.195
308.380
314.151
401.579
264.788
177.291
1034.654
272.680
183.243
382.538
110.657
326.635
1292.043
57.314
237.623
285.304
199.193
91.082
62.650
187.937
428.550
270.212
418.747
390.054
876.224
212.664
79.239
487.151
9296.232
194.823
130.575
2014.633
2007
299.288
352.263
241.944
123.693
220.482
163.860
500.857
242.626
6251 .324
125.648
322.742
468.614
107.510
394.165
407.026
512.895
338.568
226.629
1321.077
345.885
233.886
487.582
141.582
417.449
1613.166
73.294
304.028
364.280
254.642
116.537
80.159
240.457
546.923
345.402
534.614
511.883
1148.110
271.897
101.169
631.167
11573.851
249.270
167.067
2502.346
2020
382.003
449.497
308.860
157.977
281.436
209.284
639.458
309.884
7980.780
160.481
411.925
598.060
137.145
503.125
523.955
654.375
432.242
289.291
1681.033
440.463
298.283
621.317
180.826
532.803
2020.343
93.581
388.305
464.675
325.067
148.838
102.375
307.115
697.458
440.901
681.918
668.239
1497.400
347.120
129.050
812.499
14512.499
318.369
213.372
3135.041
-------
State
No.
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
County
No.
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
FIPS
47165
47167
47169
47171
47173
47175
47177
47179
47181
47183
47185
47187
47189
48001
48003
48005
48007
48009
48011
48013
48015
48017
48019
48021
48023
48025
48027
48029
48031
48033
48035
48037
48039
48041
48043
48045
48047
48049
48051
48053
48055
48057
48059
48061
State
Code
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
County
Sumner, TN
Tipton, TN
Trousdale, TN
Unicoi, TN
Union, TN
Van Buren, TN
Warren, TN
Washington, TN
Wayne, TN
Weakley, TN
White, TN
Williamson, TN
Wilson, TN
Anderson, TX
Andrews, TX
Angelina, TX
Aransas, TX
Archer, TX
Armstrong, TX
Atascosa, TX
Austin, TX
Bailey, TX
Bandera, TX
Bastrop, TX
Baylor, TX
Bee, TX
Bell, TX
Bexar, TX
Blanco, TX
Borden, TX
Bosque, TX
Bowie, TX
Brazoria, TX
Brazos, TX
Brewster, TX
Briscoe, TX
Brooks, TX
Brown, TX
Burleson, TX
Burnet, TX
Caldwell, TX
Calhoun, TX
Callahan, TX
Cameron, TX
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
R
U1
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
U1
U1
R
R
R
U2
U1
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
U1
Mapped
Area
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
103281
37568
5920
16549
13694
4846
32992
92315
13935
31972
20090
81021
67675
48024
14338
69884
17892
7973
2021
30533
19832
7064
10562
38263
4385
25135
191073
1185394
5972
799
15125
81665
191707
121862
8653
1971
8204
34371
13625
22677
26392
19053
11859
260120
1996
119185
44779
6679
17158
15596
4973
35381
100238
16179
32719
21870
107037
79244
51895
14110
75811
21909
8233
2150
34592
22464
6864
14370
47493
4196
27637
217841
1311525
7893
755
16453
83385
220592
131416
8984
1980
8422
36541
15119
29601
30877
20556
12679
312132
2007
135034
50734
7567
19439
17670
5634
40086
113567
18330
37070
24779
121271
89782
60204
16369
87949
25417
9551
2495
40130
26061
7963
16671
55097
4868
32062
252720
1521515
9157
876
19087
96736
255911
152457
10422
2298
9770
42392
17540
34340
35821
23847
14709
362108
2020
145514
54671
8154
20948
19041
6071
43197
122381
19753
39947
26702
130682
96749
70270
19106
102654
29667
11148
2912
46840
30418
9295
19458
64309
5682
37423
294973
1775904
10688
1023
22278
112910
298698
177947
12165
2682
11404
49480
20472
40082
41810
27834
17169
422651
1990
1006.332
278.848
48.477
128.050
104.010
42.001
265.928
972.709
123.901
271.596
162.826
682.496
704.060
408.437
85.803
610.713
165.721
104.350
29.618
363.159
288.888
72.249
105.206
247.726
36.010
238.930
1751.110
9808.929
69.518
12.755
167.997
1087.254
1501.628
782.281
57.103
38.303
63.351
294.432
152.958
196.920
316.990
180.154
206.608
1697.692
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
1158.282
431.520
81.550
170.886
188.639
66.756
325.907
1234.502
191.959
340.582
222.984
863.536
780.822
535.585
74.679
645.816
216.787
130.670
34.767
298.092
213.519
47.049
181.703
419.976
22.897
214.215
2099.133
13050.671
102.739
13.745
208.743
872.203
1588.909
1239.686
55.200
33.908
50.007
295.151
183.162
271.064
230.701
152.442
155.664
2375.415
2007
1507.078
547.018
104.340
215.014
244.829
85.410
416.346
1535.282
245.604
435.265
285.031
1127.431
1019.665
693.268
96.437
835.594
280.657
153.273
45.038
385.741
276.360
60.816
235.367
582.974
29.570
277.108
2626.408
16781.596
133.082
17.805
270.304
1050.814
2050.752
1681.290
71.342
43.923
64.618
381.811
237.171
350.917
320.068
197.163
201.556
3097.901
2020
1957.245
693.359
133.260
271.456
315.493
109.090
531.264
1924.903
313.693
555.538
363.834
1467.237
1327.176
890.672
123.724
1073.268
360.606
178.069
57.878
495.485
355.049
78.065
302.520
793.674
37.940
355.870
3284.972
21624.328
171.055
22.882
347.356
1281.313
2617.408
2265.462
91.567
56.448
82.942
490.358
304.767
450.874
435.609
253.180
258.994
4030.641
-------
State
No.
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
County
No.
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
FIPS
48063
48065
48067
48069
48071
48073
48075
48077
48079
48081
48083
48085
48087
48089
48091
48093
48095
48097
48099
48101
48103
48105
48107
48109
48111
48113
48115
48117
48119
48121
48123
48125
48127
48129
48131
48133
48135
48137
48139
48141
48143
48145
48147
48149
State
Code
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
County
Camp, TX
Carson, TX
Cass, TX
Castro, TX
Chambers, TX
Cherokee, TX
Childress, TX
Clay, TX
Cochran, TX
Coke, TX
Coleman, TX
Collin, TX
Collingsworth, TX
Colorado, TX
Comal, TX
Comanche, TX
Concho, TX
Cooke, TX
Coryell, TX
Cottle, TX
Crane, TX
Crockett, TX
Crosby, TX
Culberson, TX
Dallam, TX
Dallas, TX
Dawson, TX
Deaf Smith, TX
Delta, TX
Denton, TX
DeWitt, TX
Dickens, TX
Dimmit, TX
Donley, TX
Duval, TX
Eastland, TX
Ector, TX
Edwards, TX
Ellis, TX
El Paso, TX
Erath, TX
Falls, TX
Fannin, TX
Fayette, TX
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
U1
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
U1
U2
U2
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
U2
R
U1
U1
U2
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
9904
6576
29982
9070
20088
41049
5953
10024
4377
3424
9710
264036
3573
18383
51832
13381
3044
30777
64226
2247
4652
4078
7304
3407
5461
1852810
14349
19153
4857
273525
18840
2571
10433
3696
12918
18488
1 1 8934
2266
85167
591610
27991
17712
24804
20095
1996
10825
6681
30441
8416
23051
42531
7390
10352
4035
3426
9607
381735
3365
18809
67989
13564
3095
32673
75551
1998
4571
4455
7365
3175
6232
1998807
14730
19406
4929
351982
19555
2299
10478
3794
13509
17947
123899
3528
98418
685867
30806
17742
27248
20957
2007
12558
7750
35315
9763
26742
49341
8574
12010
4681
3974
11145
442856
3903
21821
78875
15736
3591
37904
87647
2318
5302
5168
8544
3683
7230
2318839
17088
22513
5718
408338
22686
2667
12156
4401
15671
20821
143737
4093
114176
795682
35738
20583
31610
24313
2020
14657
9046
41220
11396
31213
57590
10007
14018
5464
4639
13009
516899
4556
25469
92062
18367
4191
44242
102301
2706
6189
6033
9973
4299
8439
2706536
19945
26277
6674
476610
26479
3113
14189
5137
18292
24302
167769
4777
133266
928715
41713
24024
36895
28378
1990
94.739
151.868
373.541
105.924
585.024
394.561
44.284
110.412
44.564
47.466
94.650
1793.572
38.202
295.010
447.185
146.104
43.293
389.940
452.761
43.767
43.090
40.814
131.573
28.295
50.685
18180.498
120.923
212.041
71.864
2069.761
185.011
52.558
99.051
92.754
109.463
249.349
981.787
30.193
853.024
4947.720
265.046
287.708
286.328
364.555
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
105.844
113.131
417.254
85.119
327.766
430.265
21.138
125.804
33.599
58.906
79.909
3087.344
61.469
204.826
293.237
164.372
52.366
299.858
487.769
38.657
24.687
18.744
125.655
11.630
29.506
23030.445
72.693
92.006
83.557
3203.643
181.508
44.231
86.953
63.584
103.369
152.065
1017.039
38.982
820.795
4857.838
212.692
201.851
319.027
282.066
2007
136.994
146.543
540.319
110.135
434.048
556.866
27.242
162.877
43.451
76.303
103.360
4022.341
79.622
265.129
382.847
212.806
67.834
388.023
610.903
50.073
31.884
24.191
162.765
14.983
38.110
29864.437
93.863
118.772
108.235
4171.315
234.867
57.294
112.474
82.363
133.693
196.689
1218.580
50.495
1084.360
6211.033
275.046
261.290
413.065
365.266
2020
175.991
188.349
694.348
141.474
567.033
715.372
34.905
209.297
55.805
98.063
132.736
5226.719
102.345
340.631
497.856
273.430
87.186
498.428
764.550
64.363
40.919
31.021
209.209
19.199
48.892
38697.383
120.408
152.352
139.118
5418.327
301.688
73.633
144.435
105.859
171.670
252.588
1466.007
64.914
1420.726
7932.645
353.163
335.697
530.764
469.378
-------
State County
No. No.
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
203
205
207
209
211
213
215
217
219
221
223
225
227
229
231
233
235
237
FIPS
48151
48153
48155
48157
48159
48161
48163
48165
48167
48169
48171
48173
48175
48177
48179
48181
48183
48185
48187
48189
48191
48193
48195
48197
48199
48201
48203
48205
48207
48209
48211
48213
48215
48217
48219
48221
48223
48225
48227
48229
48231
48233
48235
48237
State
Code
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
County
Fisher, TX
Floyd, TX
Foard, TX
Fort Bend, TX
Franklin, TX
Freestone, TX
Frio, TX
Gaines, TX
Galveston, TX
Garza, TX
Gillespie, TX
Glasscock, TX
Goliad, TX
Gonzales, TX
Gray, TX
Grayson, TX
Gregg, TX
Grimes, TX
Guadalupe, TX
Hale, TX
Hall, TX
Hamilton, TX
Hansford, TX
Hardeman, TX
Hardin, TX
Harris, TX
Harrison, TX
Hartley, TX
Haskell, TX
Hays, TX
Hemphill, TX
Henderson, TX
Hidalgo, TX
Hill, TX
Hockley, TX
Hood, TX
Hopkins, TX
Houston, TX
Howard, TX
Hudspeth, TX
Hunt, TX
Hutchinson, TX
Irion, TX
Jack, TX
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
U2
R
U1
U2
R
R
U2
U2
U1
U1
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
U1
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
4842
8497
1794
225421
7802
15818
13472
14123
217396
5143
17204
1447
5980
17205
23967
95019
104948
18828
64873
34671
3905
7733
5848
5283
41320
2818101
57483
3634
6820
65614
3720
58543
383545
27146
24199
28981
28833
21375
32343
2915
64343
25689
1629
6981
1996
4422
8254
1736
307474
9334
17294
15532
14862
239324
4705
19523
1453
6662
17517
23754
100609
111976
22272
76093
36327
3734
7626
5461
4784
47391
3109524
59372
4909
6209
83331
3633
66089
492725
29621
23971
35173
30292
21811
32531
3269
68600
24218
1686
7266
2007
5130
9575
2014
356704
10828
20063
18019
17241
277643
5458
22648
1686
7729
20322
27558
116718
129904
25838
88276
42143
4331
8847
6335
5550
54979
3607395
68878
5694
7203
96673
4214
76671
571616
34363
27809
40805
35142
25304
37739
3792
79583
28096
1956
8430
2020
5988
11176
2350
416342
12639
23417
21031
20124
324063
6371
26435
1967
9021
23719
32165
136233
151624
30158
103036
49190
5056
10326
7394
6478
64171
4210531
80394
6647
8407
112837
4919
89490
667187
40108
32459
47627
41017
29534
44049
4426
92889
32793
2284
9839
1990
87.491
103.567
32.047
1558.441
142.230
220.255
144.285
107.393
1236.070
39.117
198.920
19.366
77.122
262.616
236.578
944.764
1039.258
141.197
648.853
440.678
49.119
90.912
57.636
55.161
352.070
17466.897
740.793
36.077
75.953
525.542
43.403
529.462
2514.652
443.752
205.093
229.334
356.832
256.160
332.374
62.098
742.101
230.200
20.586
69.495
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
83.299
83.427
30.863
2269.286
124.477
167.400
77.853
140.817
2372.103
28.015
184.286
24.893
102.877
190.858
90.846
1350.656
1081.520
222.501
724.331
214.222
67.179
85.728
49.114
35.914
561.027
31520.304
595.689
26.456
62.984
665.838
63.998
773.340
4213.360
353.099
191.041
433.422
269.538
254.592
184.465
50.149
625.403
189.471
28.024
66.142
2007
107.900
107.957
39.978
2966.731
161.223
216.660
100.579
182.230
2916.452
36.183
238.522
32.247
133.261
247.047
117.123
1637.947
1324.674
288.041
944.214
276.833
87.020
110.967
63.531
46.426
672.672
41040.583
738.890
34.206
81.493
924.101
82.899
1022.325
5756.543
457.190
247.076
576.261
348.755
329.590
238.304
64.959
826.242
244.994
36.301
85.582
2020
138.693
138.680
51.379
3845.761
207.222
278.342
129.067
234.093
3615.299
46.431
306.422
41.450
171.276
317.391
150.114
1988.078
1629.577
370.088
1226.727
355.304
111.851
142.561
81.581
59.605
806.949
53069.062
915.791
43.911
104.667
1257.962
106.548
1339.954
7785.251
587.476
317.277
760.616
447.954
423.472
305.806
83.494
1082.555
314.560
46.661
109.928
-------
State County
No. No.
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
239
241
243
245
247
249
251
253
255
257
259
261
263
265
267
269
271
273
275
277
279
281
283
285
287
289
291
293
295
297
299
301
303
305
307
309
311
313
315
317
319
321
323
325
FIPS
48239
48241
48243
48245
48247
48249
48251
48253
48255
48257
48259
48261
48263
48265
48267
48269
48271
48273
48275
48277
48279
48281
48283
48285
48287
48289
48291
48293
48295
48297
48299
48301
48303
48305
48307
48309
48311
48313
48315
48317
48319
48321
48323
48325
State
Code
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
County
Jackson, TX
Jasper, TX
Jeff Davis, TX
Jefferson, TX
Jim Hogg, TX
Jim Wells, TX
Johnson, TX
Jones, TX
Karnes, TX
Kaufman, TX
Kendall, TX
Kenedy, TX
Kent, TX
Kerr, TX
Kimble, TX
King, TX
Kinney, TX
Kleberg, TX
Knox, TX
Lamar, TX
Lamb, TX
Lampasas, TX
La Salle, TX
Lavaca, TX
Lee, TX
Leon, TX
Liberty, TX
Limestone, TX
Lipscomb, TX
Live Oak, TX
Llano, TX
Loving, TX
Lubbock, TX
Lynn, TX
McCulloch, TX
McLennan, TX
McMullen, TX
Madison, TX
Marion, TX
Martin, TX
Mason, TX
Matagorda, TX
Maverick, TX
Medina, TX
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U1
U2
U2
U1
U2
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
13039
31102
1946
239389
5109
37679
97165
16490
12455
52220
14589
460
1010
36304
4122
354
3119
30274
4837
43949
15072
13521
5254
18690
12854
12665
52726
20946
3143
9556
11631
107
222636
6758
8778
189123
817
10931
9984
4956
3423
36928
36378
27312
1996
13568
32903
2193
241576
4951
39533
111640
18473
12494
62195
19565
432
884
41720
4188
349
3429
30224
4384
45512
14881
16924
5838
18678
14515
14195
62345
21043
3044
10071
12894
106
229524
6615
8778
201003
788
11789
10574
5061
3618
37770
46234
35468
2007
15740
38171
2544
280255
5744
45863
129514
21430
14495
72153
22697
501
1026
48400
4859
405
3978
35064
5086
52799
17263
19634
6772
21669
16839
16468
72327
24412
3531
11684
14958
123
266273
7674
10183
233186
914
13677
12267
5871
4197
43817
53637
41147
2020
18372
44553
2969
327112
6704
53531
151168
25013
16918
84216
26492
585
1197
56492
5671
472
4644
40926
5937
61626
20150
22916
7905
25291
19655
19221
84420
28494
4121
13637
17459
144
310793
8957
11886
272173
1067
15963
14318
6852
4898
51143
62605
48026
1990
141.056
386.640
37.485
2367.012
29.301
290.433
934.742
145.829
124.349
586.565
187.143
8.062
17.004
395.198
48.369
6.314
33.849
203.539
79.143
367.739
202.206
115.829
58.948
214.481
122.639
218.382
593.455
194.308
55.935
173.957
119.541
1.352
2289.137
94.749
69.261
2117.183
11.716
180.128
127.085
106.614
54.699
333.801
249.415
360.319
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
138.259
422.976
33.478
2475.468
16.945
268.886
906.146
129.587
106.693
547.163
182.142
7.915
17.377
344.559
29.455
6.090
53.658
113.711
83.213
358.213
154.775
129.817
30.616
221.737
155.209
217.882
587.406
197.376
54.070
122.745
104.888
1.842
2416.998
70.084
55.242
2331.846
14.058
130.567
171.758
44.930
58.887
269.961
293.213
309.665
2007
178.944
547.708
43.365
2926.875
21.825
347.645
1203.660
167.401
138.019
723.000
235.819
10.251
22.507
445.842
38.084
7.889
69.506
146.592
107.790
463.323
200.306
167.980
39.555
287.055
200.936
282.232
778.651
255.393
70.040
158.925
135.702
2.385
2912.905
90.704
71.393
2841.167
18.206
169.030
222.488
58.131
76.279
349.065
379.238
400.849
2020
229.896
703.830
55.742
3482.055
27.955
446.334
1587.853
214.807
177.260
947.374
303.007
13.172
28.932
572.671
48.887
10.141
89.331
187.883
138.538
594.986
257.317
215.774
50.758
368.820
258.176
362.757
1017.832
328.038
90.018
204.217
174.299
3.058
3525.142
116.513
91.643
3474.106
23.408
217.183
285.965
74.657
98.045
448.177
487.002
515.000
-------
State
No.
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
County
No.
327
329
331
333
335
337
339
341
343
345
347
349
351
353
355
357
359
361
363
365
367
369
371
373
375
377
379
381
383
385
387
389
391
393
395
397
399
401
403
405
407
409
411
413
FIPS
48327
48329
48331
48333
48335
48337
48339
48341
48343
48345
48347
48349
48351
48353
48355
48357
48359
48361
48363
48365
48367
48369
48371
48373
48375
48377
48379
48381
48383
48385
48387
48389
48391
48393
48395
48397
48399
48401
48403
48405
48407
48409
48411
48413
State
Code
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
County
Menard, TX
Midland, TX
Milam, TX
Mills, TX
Mitchell, TX
Montague, TX
Montgomery, TX
Moore, TX
Morris, TX
Motley, TX
Nacogdoches, TX
Navarro, TX
Newton, TX
Nolan, TX
Nueces, TX
Ochiltree, TX
Oldham, TX
Orange, TX
Palo Pinto, TX
Panola, TX
Parker, TX
Parmer, TX
Pecos, TX
Polk, TX
Potter, TX
Presidio, TX
Rains, TX
Randall, TX
Reagan, TX
Real, TX
Red River, TX
Reeves, TX
Refugio, TX
Roberts, TX
Robertson, TX
Rockwall, TX
Runnels, TX
Rusk, TX
Sabine, TX
San Augustine, TX
San Jacinto, TX
San Patricio, TX
San Saba, TX
Schleicher, TX
Urban/
Rural
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
U1
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
U2
U1
U2
R
U1
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
2252
106611
22946
4531
8016
17274
182201
17865
13200
1532
54753
39926
13569
16594
291145
9128
2278
80509
25055
22035
64785
9863
14675
30687
97841
6637
6715
89673
4514
2412
14317
15852
7976
1025
15511
25604
11294
43735
9586
7999
16372
58749
5401
2990
1996
2321
116940
24077
4737
8661
18145
247280
19275
13287
1316
56436
41160
14297
16501
313713
8934
2227
84057
25431
22866
76807
10388
15979
45057
107614
8300
7999
97601
4269
2647
13869
14998
7895
993
15531
34449
11434
45364
10425
8158
20219
68072
6278
3039
2007
2693
135664
27933
5495
10047
21050
286873
22361
15415
1527
65472
47751
16586
19143
363942
10365
2584
97515
29503
26528
89105
12051
18537
52271
124844
9629
9280
113228
4952
3071
16089
17400
9160
1152
18017
39965
13264
52628
12094
9464
23456
78971
7283
3525
2020
3143
158346
32603
6414
11727
24570
334836
26100
17992
1782
76418
55734
19359
22344
424791
12098
3016
113819
34436
30963
104003
14066
21636
61011
145718
11239
10831
132159
5780
3584
18779
20309
10691
1345
21030
46646
15482
61427
14116
11046
27378
92175
8501
4115
1990
34.840
889.855
222.796
66.489
114.929
171.427
1713.243
122.615
281.424
28.963
419.779
434.622
196.846
186.845
2622.688
61.445
51.964
1057.458
303.587
242.465
799.637
125.351
184.920
312.557
996.069
77.054
71.864
771.344
26.928
36.668
189.321
140.956
98.464
17.628
162.738
217.536
102.687
472.585
129.238
100.793
169.816
647.853
63.294
41.882
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
38.742
1101.272
220.558
77.950
61.413
170.994
2117.797
100.034
185.660
26.357
444.701
318.075
233.435
92.730
2930.104
34.510
39.190
656.730
199.293
274.450
861.588
110.276
115.168
446.922
1113.591
63.475
115.522
947.480
19.414
41.496
176.867
78.320
86.351
17.633
184.184
369.694
83.484
526.902
164.913
137.609
281.655
503.455
49.830
51.439
2007
50.184
1322.301
285.401
100.971
79.420
221.279
2807.551
129.220
240.421
34.139
575.185
411.381
302.378
119.783
3527.356
44.493
50.766
789.135
257.753
355.328
1144.907
142.745
148.948
578.780
1344.942
82.136
149.641
1147.110
25.049
53.749
228.983
101.116
111.767
22.842
238.440
484.240
107.949
682.132
213.619
178.254
364.840
613.275
64.473
66.631
2020
64.507
1592.836
366.598
129.784
101.975
284.249
3670.134
165.810
308.966
43.882
738.638
528.266
388.649
153.697
4272.092
57.028
65.241
947.868
330.994
456.569
1510.693
183.392
191.254
743.801
1631.825
105.497
192.331
1393.871
32.117
69.091
294.226
129.715
143.590
29.353
306.363
631.239
138.609
876.451
274.556
229.105
468.938
748.081
82.822
85.633
-------
State
No.
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
County
No.
415
417
419
421
423
425
427
429
431
433
435
437
439
441
443
445
447
449
451
453
455
457
459
461
463
465
467
469
471
473
475
477
479
481
483
485
487
489
491
493
495
497
499
501
FIPS
48415
48417
48419
48421
48423
48425
48427
48429
48431
48433
48435
48437
48439
48441
48443
48445
48447
48449
48451
48453
48455
48457
48459
48461
48463
48465
48467
48469
48471
48473
48475
48477
48479
48481
48483
48485
48487
48489
48491
48493
48495
48497
48499
48501
State
Code
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
County
Scurry, TX
Shackelford, TX
Shelby, TX
Sherman, TX
Smith, TX
Somervell, TX
Starr, TX
Stephens, TX
Sterling, TX
Stonewall, TX
Sutton, TX
Swisher, TX
Tarrant, TX
Taylor, TX
Terrell, TX
Terry, TX
Throckmorton, TX
Titus, TX
Tom Green, TX
Travis, TX
Trinity, TX
Tyler, TX
Upshur, TX
Upton, TX
Uvalde, TX
Val Verde, TX
Van Zandt, TX
Victoria, TX
Walker, TX
Waller, TX
Ward, TX
Washington, TX
Webb, TX
Wharton, TX
Wheeler, TX
Wichita, TX
Wilbarger, TX
Willacy, TX
Williamson, TX
Wilson, TX
Winkler, TX
Wise, TX
Wood, TX
Yoakum, TX
Urban/
Rural
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
U1
U2
R
U2
R
U2
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
U1
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
U2
U2
U1
R
U2
R
R
U2
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
HS
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
WT
Population
1990
18634
3316
22034
2858
151309
5360
40518
9010
1438
2013
4135
8133
1170103
119655
1410
13218
1880
24009
98458
576407
11445
16646
31370
4447
23340
38721
37944
74361
50917
23389
13115
26154
133239
39955
5879
122378
15121
17705
139551
22650
8626
34679
29380
8786
1996
18249
3332
22564
2898
164521
6110
53411
9775
1393
1836
4394
8316
1304871
121199
1221
13034
1729
25068
102049
676863
12272
19613
34838
3905
25293
42487
42276
80929
54012
26306
12066
28622
176079
40119
5390
127906
14278
19382
200345
29116
8121
41286
33486
8257
2007
21171
3866
26176
3362
190863
7088
61963
11340
1616
2130
5097
9648
1513796
140604
1416
15121
2006
29082
118389
785237
14237
22753
40416
4531
29343
49290
49045
93887
62660
30518
13998
33204
204271
46542
6253
148385
16565
22486
232422
33778
9421
47896
38847
9579
2020
24711
4512
30553
3924
222774
8273
72323
13236
1886
2487
5950
11261
1766894
164112
1653
17649
2341
33945
138183
916524
16617
26557
47173
5288
34249
57531
57245
109584
73137
35620
16338
38756
238424
54324
7299
173194
19334
26245
271282
39426
10997
55904
45342
11181
1990
141.455
58.147
283.809
47.139
2029.430
61.697
280.183
77.301
17.909
35.733
51.169
135.689
10775.681
1153.661
23.688
111.335
30.491
300.863
635.453
5507.772
113.801
212.357
349.672
68.602
189.633
198.681
576.056
609.800
543.965
330.452
175.328
215.606
556.676
400.144
114.236
1083.875
107.978
163.647
1036.174
204.467
66.431
315.255
296.455
75.592
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
124.150
57.046
299.335
49.168
2139.586
92.211
407.938
63.761
24.739
34.632
25.265
64.230
14286.632
1290.338
24.258
73.418
32.342
215.073
856.491
7058.161
153.004
243.911
425.250
76.503
164.297
130.419
515.798
759.649
426.174
228.653
95.145
257.434
1000.148
373.352
101.140
1105.382
66.840
160.902
1108.648
305.147
36.811
455.006
401.630
67.671
2007
160.480
73.895
387.605
63.688
2728.758
119.446
527.923
82.433
32.046
44.859
32.647
83.071
18633.174
1540.172
31.421
94.835
41.895
278.253
1047.125
9637.202
198.116
315.877
528.032
99.099
212.411
168.012
667.902
966.915
551.268
302.771
123.020
333.134
1352.430
483.079
131.009
1275.680
86.247
208.176
1524.643
399.366
47.491
589.146
520.072
87.510
2020
206.006
94.977
498.074
81.859
3479.872
153.517
678.157
105.843
41.186
57.651
41.907
106.679
24309.668
1839.628
40.385
121.699
53.852
357.377
1292.411
12991.045
254.590
405.949
654.863
127.371
272.710
215.244
858.267
1230.338
707.962
395.525
157.946
427.930
1801.482
620.494
168.399
1467.521
110.601
267.376
2064.152
520.084
60.897
757.053
668.311
112.380
-------
State
No.
48
48
48
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
County
No.
503
505
507
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
FIPS
48503
48505
48507
49001
49003
49005
49007
49009
49011
49013
49015
49017
49019
49021
49023
49025
49027
49029
49031
49033
49035
49037
49039
49041
49043
49045
49047
49049
49051
49053
49055
49057
50001
50003
50005
50007
50009
50011
50013
50015
50017
50019
50021
50023
State
Code
TX
TX
TX
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
County
Young, TX
Zapata, TX
Zavala, TX
Beaver, UT
Box Elder, UT
Cache, UT
Carbon, UT
Daggett, UT
Davis, UT
Duchesne, UT
Emery, UT
Garfield, UT
Grand, UT
Iron, UT
Juab, UT
Kane, UT
Millard, UT
Morgan, UT
Piute, UT
Rich, UT
Salt Lake, UT
San Juan, UT
Sanpete, UT
Sevier, UT
Summit, UT
Tooele, UT
Uintah, UT
Utah, UT
Wasatch, UT
Washington, UT
Wayne, UT
Weber, UT
Addison, VT
Bennington, VT
Caledonia, VT
Chittenden, VT
Essex, VT
Franklin, VT
Grand Isle, VT
Lamoille, VT
Orange, VT
Orleans, VT
Rutland, VT
Washington, VT
Urban/
Rural
U2
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
U2
U2
U2
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
WT
WT
WT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
Population
1990
18126
9279
12162
4765
36485
70183
20228
690
187941
12645
10332
3980
6620
20789
5817
5169
11333
5528
1277
1725
725956
12621
16259
15431
15518
26601
22211
263590
10089
48560
2177
158330
32953
35845
27846
131761
6405
39980
5318
19735
26149
24053
62142
54928
1996
17654
10982
11985
5704
40442
82727
20831
745
220616
14185
10797
4173
7904
26753
7044
5734
12179
6708
1375
1803
823619
13536
20231
17688
24290
30723
25041
318920
12402
74321
2341
178272
34672
35939
28571
140012
6528
43001
6071
21198
27562
25136
62628
56257
2007
20480
12741
13903
7017
49746
101758
25624
916
271368
17449
13281
5133
9722
32907
8664
7053
14981
8252
1691
2218
1013090
16649
24885
21757
29878
37791
30802
392287
15256
91418
2879
219283
37685
39063
31054
152181
7096
46739
6598
23041
29958
27320
68071
61146
2020
23904
14871
16228
7910
56083
114720
28887
1033
305934
19671
14973
5787
10961
37099
9767
7951
16889
9303
1906
2500
1142133
18770
28055
24528
33684
42604
34725
442255
17199
103062
3246
247215
39280
40716
32368
158620
7396
48717
6877
24015
31226
28476
70952
63733
1990
149.368
59.627
88.817
109.281
446.779
655.310
316.620
19.193
1132.947
236.542
285.835
91.683
98.685
212.875
72.112
100.446
223.907
122.737
33.172
52.420
5177.618
243.284
308.545
257.600
197.908
273.470
379.416
1765.408
125.214
360.804
47.699
1298.110
264.409
290.073
313.083
1479.732
60.659
420.645
44.329
161.100
319.955
296.504
500.834
610.656
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
110.419
43.906
78.491
155.821
554.486
899.371
380.741
22.564
1738.692
287.565
337.867
130.152
88.740
247.381
77.149
67.766
274.161
180.771
41.759
56.409
6721.859
311.003
423.504
324.691
363.726
285.248
429.022
2761.731
176.091
433.173
71.190
1644.694
321 .964
348.669
278.716
2000.298
75.939
415.253
63.050
233.983
310.030
249.677
590.811
509.292
2007
142.682
56.674
101.450
217.260
772.830
1242.795
530.740
31.461
2368.978
400.895
471.088
181.468
123.671
344.725
107.518
92.585
382.217
252.048
58.225
78.651
9157.870
433.586
590.440
452.636
507.077
397.456
598.049
3880.810
245.452
603.450
99.261
2249.638
409.463
443.405
354.560
2568.959
96.773
540.359
82.157
298.172
395.079
317.748
751.140
647.305
2020
183.126
72.690
130.218
298.501
1061.586
1698.415
729.093
43.225
3206.980
550.752
647.246
249.323
169.874
473.462
147.685
124.753
525.106
346.307
79.995
108.065
12396.821
595.681
811.191
621.809
696.633
545.861
821.561
5358.051
337.190
828.671
136.382
3052.610
522.098
565.370
452.162
3318.293
123.532
703.443
107.037
380.660
504.375
405.308
957.592
825.069
-------
State
No.
50
50
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
County
No.
25
27
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
36
37
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
FIPS
50025
50027
51001
51003
51005
51007
51009
51011
51013
51015
51017
51019
51021
51023
51025
51027
51029
51031
51033
51035
51036
51037
51041
51043
51045
51047
51049
51051
51053
51057
51059
51061
51063
51065
51067
51069
51071
51073
51075
51077
51079
51081
51083
51085
State
Code
VT
VT
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
County
Windham, VT
Windsor, VT
Accomack, VA
Albemarle, VA
Alleghany, VA
Amelia, VA
Amherst, VA
Appomattox, VA
Arlington, VA
Augusta, VA
Bath, VA
Bedford, VA
Bland, VA
Botetourt, VA
Brunswick, VA
Buchanan, VA
Buckingham, VA
Campbell, VA
Caroline, VA
Carroll, VA
Charles City, VA
Charlotte, VA
Chesterfield, VA
Clarke, VA
Craig, VA
Culpeper, VA
Cumberland, VA
Dickenson, VA
Dinwiddie, VA
Essex, VA
Fairfax, VA
Fauquier, VA
Floyd, VA
Fluvanna, VA
Franklin, VA
Frederick, VA
Giles, VA
Gloucester, VA
Goochland, VA
Grayson, VA
Greene, VA
Greensville, VA
Halifax, VA
Hanover, VA
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
Population
1990
41588
54055
31703
68172
12969
8787
28578
12298
170897
54677
4799
45552
6514
24992
15987
31333
12873
47572
19217
26565
6282
11688
209564
12101
4372
27791
7825
17620
22319
8689
818358
48860
11965
12429
39549
45723
16366
30131
14163
16278
10297
8630
36030
63306
1996
42664
54994
32040
76183
12404
10053
29767
12851
172340
60794
4905
54217
6811
27797
16698
29643
14329
49804
21364
27774
6871
12102
238212
12794
4813
31897
7823
17256
24045
9148
900559
52552
12903
17005
43673
53412
16200
33838
17106
16179
12980
11033
36945
76706
2007
46372
59773
35628
84714
13793
11179
33100
14290
191639
67602
5455
60288
7573
30909
18567
32962
15934
55381
23757
30885
7640
13457
264888
14227
5352
35469
8699
19188
26738
10173
1001407
58437
14348
18910
48563
59393
18014
37627
19022
17991
14433
12268
41082
85296
2020
48334
62302
39218
93251
15183
12305
36436
15730
210951
74415
6004
66364
8336
34024
20439
36284
17540
60962
26151
33997
8410
14813
291582
15661
5892
39043
9576
21122
29432
11198
1102323
64326
15793
20815
53457
65378
19829
41419
20939
19804
15888
13504
45222
93891
1990
415.667
660.700
361.252
671.115
223.123
97.108
312.749
138.306
1579.832
704.374
67.704
384.407
123.074
449.883
303.015
419.050
135.766
493.932
347.056
449.683
77.316
141.717
1702.541
115.130
45.614
212.811
88.205
228.827
297.861
102.403
6308.666
638.962
133.591
198.573
382.150
469.450
187.322
211.045
227.977
191.545
88.095
158.357
383.481
795.011
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
372.498
587.262
465.876
772.998
161.831
144.967
385.625
202.891
1820.850
438.225
79.173
643.289
107.469
366.975
263.753
516.930
212.378
544.226
317.041
354.733
103.640
192.828
2544.884
150.083
72.129
321.183
123.545
290.694
501.954
143.351
8772.369
726.838
198.058
205.051
586.902
542.540
270.005
432.964
233.660
268.554
169.880
100.226
482.455
809.135
2007
473.242
747.724
595.263
991.617
207.102
185.242
477.612
259.260
2352.201
559.743
101.170
800.692
137.323
442.450
337.030
660.544
271.381
671.367
405.122
453.246
130.698
246.399
3159.104
197.707
92.169
423.071
157.863
371.455
624.829
183.177
11340.310
957.597
253.083
265.322
749.905
693.248
345.019
540.894
294.664
343.163
219.809
128.037
616.408
1014.387
2020
603.052
954.072
766.597
1282.608
266.694
238.575
597.294
333.898
3062.762
720.588
130.298
1003.904
176.862
538.746
434.049
850.719
349.512
836.610
521.759
583.676
166.286
317.344
3980.906
260.471
118.688
557.377
203.311
478.398
787.760
235.912
14772.631
1261.732
325.951
345.001
965.769
892.687
444.350
688.040
374.886
441.963
285.829
164.868
793.796
1285.975
-------
State
No.
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
County
No.
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
125
127
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
FIPS
51087
51089
51091
51093
51095
51097
51099
51101
51103
51105
51107
51109
51111
51113
51115
51117
51119
51121
51125
51127
51131
51133
51135
51137
51139
51141
51143
51145
51147
51149
51153
51155
51157
51159
51161
51163
51165
51167
51169
51171
51173
51175
51177
51179
State
Code
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
County
Henrico, VA
Henry, VA
Highland, VA
Isle of Wight, VA
James City, VA
King and Queen, VA
King George, VA
King William, VA
Lancaster, VA
Lee, VA
Loudoun, VA
Louisa, VA
Lunenburg, VA
Madison, VA
Mathews, VA
Mecklenburg, VA
Middlesex, VA
Montgomery, VA
Nelson, VA
New Kent, VA
Northampton, VA
Northumberland, VA
Nottoway, VA
Orange, VA
Page, VA
Patrick, VA
Pittsylvania, VA
Powhatan, VA
Prince Edward, VA
Prince George, VA
Prince William, VA
Pulaski, VA
Rappahannock, VA
Richmond, VA
Roanoke, VA
Rockbridge, VA
Rockingham, VA
Russell, VA
Scott, VA
Shenandoah, VA
Smyth, VA
Southampton, VA
Spotsylvania, VA
Stafford, VA
Urban/
Rural
U1
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
Mapped
Area
PA
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
Population
1990
217849
56942
2635
25053
34970
6289
13527
10913
10896
24496
86129
20325
11419
11949
8348
29241
8653
73913
12778
10445
13061
10524
14993
21421
21690
17473
55672
15328
17320
27394
215677
34496
6622
7273
79294
18350
57482
28667
23204
31636
32370
17550
57403
61236
1996
240128
56135
2541
28051
41735
6501
16454
12248
11229
24116
126727
23338
12073
12420
9003
30696
9425
75721
13616
12002
12829
11301
15017
24459
22688
18063
57314
20374
18661
29406
248923
34404
6990
8389
81031
19261
62866
28966
22762
33902
32832
17660
77674
84054
2007
267018
62422
2825
31193
46408
7229
18297
13620
12487
26817
140918
25951
13425
13810
10011
34134
10481
84200
15141
13346
14265
12567
16699
27198
25228
20085
63733
22656
20750
32699
276798
38257
7772
9328
90105
21418
69906
32210
25311
37699
36509
19637
86372
93467
2020
293927
68712
3110
34336
51085
7957
20141
14993
13745
29519
155119
28567
14778
15202
11020
37574
11537
92685
16667
14690
15703
13833
18381
29939
27771
22110
70155
24939
22841
35994
304692
42112
8556
10268
99185
23576
76950
35456
27861
41498
40188
21616
95076
102886
1990
1999.504
515.513
33.931
222.337
351.038
68.950
121.810
87.858
117.027
299.884
490.989
345.525
140.076
118.213
92.370
467.719
89.183
582.996
236.562
170.218
168.967
113.546
142.873
189.407
197.876
203.881
555.960
150.911
148.500
329.212
1423.126
536.157
70.396
80.320
767.678
246.285
755.413
341.219
289.790
496.080
544.760
165.016
498.164
690.430
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
2363.859
647.898
43.472
338.339
441 .264
103.757
223.168
133.029
179.761
404.134
874.550
335.320
188.390
197.134
137.724
414.937
142.756
360.068
210.811
172.320
215.480
173.625
191.395
312.086
284.440
288.269
621.054
252.880
195.543
580.200
2346.798
409.336
109.249
119.990
880.771
183.314
590.379
411.980
404.866
409.310
427.948
195.898
712.834
862.405
2007
2929.456
827.682
55.551
424.207
546.871
132.583
294.039
169.951
229.704
516.411
1141.075
428.479
240.728
251.902
172.700
530.164
182.417
459.419
269.379
217.311
275.344
221.861
244.526
398.758
363.407
368.357
713.636
318.902
249.798
722.004
3046.402
522.934
139.601
153.326
1043.574
234.312
753.734
526.390
507.841
522.937
546.757
250.170
929.772
1131.824
2020
3687.835
1065.794
71.535
540.772
693.421
170.743
387.442
218.851
295.830
665.090
1494.769
551.853
310.042
324.420
220.178
682.752
234.937
591.163
346.925
276.470
354.619
285.734
314.904
513.536
467.993
474.400
838.476
405.717
321.672
910.751
3978.654
673.388
179.791
197.468
1258.157
301.693
970.525
677.897
639.987
673.417
704.114
322.145
1217.526
1487.871
-------
State County
No. No.
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
181
183
185
187
191
193
195
197
199
510
515
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
595
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
678
680
683
685
690
700
710
720
730
735
740
750
760
770
775
790
FIPS
51181
51183
51185
51187
51191
51193
51195
51197
51199
51510
51515
51520
51530
51540
51550
51560
51570
51580
51590
51595
51600
51610
51620
51630
51640
51650
51660
51670
51678
51680
51683
51685
51690
51700
51710
51720
51730
51735
51740
51750
51760
51770
51775
51790
State
Code
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
County
Surry, VA
Sussex, VA
Tazewell, VA
Warren, VA
Washington, VA
Westmoreland, VA
Wise, VA
Wythe, VA
York, VA
Alexandria city, VA
Bedford city, VA
Bristol city, VA
Buena Vista city, VA
Charlottesville city, VA
Chesapeake City, VA
Clifton Forge city, VA
Colonial Heights city, W
Covington city, VA
Danville city, VA
Emporia city, VA
Fairfax city, VA
Falls Church city, VA
Franklin city, VA
Fredericksburg city, VA
Galax city, VA
Hampton city, VA
Harrisonburg city, VA
Hopewell city, VA
Lexington city, VA
Lynchburg city, VA
Manassas city, VA
Manassas Park city, VA
Martinsville city, VA
Newport News city, VA
Norfolk city, VA
Norton city, VA
Petersburg city, VA
Poquoson city, VA
Portsmouth city, VA
Radford city, VA
Richmond city, VA
Roanoke city, VA
Salem city, VA
Staunton City, VA
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
U1
U2
U1
U2
U2
U1
U2
U1
U2
U2
U2
U1
U1
U2
U2
U2
U1
U2
U1
U2
U2
U1
U1
U2
U1
U1
U2
U1
U1
U1
U2
U1
U2
U2
U2
Mapped
Area
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
PA
NN
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
PA
PA
NN
NN
NN
PA
NN
PA
NN
NN
PA
PA
NN
PA
PA
NN
NN
PA
PA
NN
PA
NN
NN
NN
Population
1990
6145
10248
45960
26142
45887
15480
39573
25471
42434
111182
6177
18426
6406
40475
151982
4679
16064
7198
53056
5479
19894
9522
7864
19027
6699
133811
30707
23101
6959
66049
27957
6734
16162
171439
261250
4247
37027
11005
103910
15940
202798
96509
23797
24461
1996
6391
10107
46737
29456
48386
16180
39329
26183
55020
115659
6279
17458
6175
38271
189383
4442
16592
6989
51306
5513
20298
9828
8671
20794
6859
137877
33112
22301
7161
65431
33390
8221
15846
175210
233938
4241
34551
11386
100133
15409
193881
94490
24654
23489
2007
7107
11239
51970
32754
53804
17992
43733
29115
61182
128611
6982
19413
6866
42557
210590
4940
18450
7771
57051
6131
22571
10929
9642
23122
7627
153317
36820
24799
7963
72758
37130
9142
17620
194831
260135
4716
38420
12662
111346
17134
215593
105071
27415
26119
2020
7823
12372
57208
36055
59226
19805
48140
32049
67347
141571
7686
21370
7558
46846
231812
5438
20309
8555
62800
6748
24845
12030
10614
25452
8396
168768
40531
27298
8766
80090
40871
10063
19396
214465
286350
5191
42292
13937
122567
18861
237319
115659
30178
28752
1990
69.851
210.783
437.660
249.410
736.150
162.224
400.638
391.138
461 .844
1068.085
43.260
259.669
77.921
327.814
1182.672
79.267
117.812
105.540
496.087
76.552
200.631
68.337
82.252
243.879
110.664
1303.363
398.167
244.995
91.139
641.302
192.009
47.296
145.363
1540.145
2574.639
43.656
416.440
94.041
1008.596
117.519
2305.617
889.216
234.396
266.013
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
101.380
169.072
496.744
241.188
704.504
206.664
476.487
291.514
481.731
1184.947
72.838
249.853
57.936
377.907
1456.883
57.868
176.654
157.335
550.133
48.464
209.109
94.793
97.543
349.272
87.324
1247.359
310.722
432.602
68.120
709.207
316.269
78.071
182.705
1585.414
2436.663
51.423
704.190
98.598
968.535
72.575
2109.423
1019.816
268.543
165.507
2007
129.546
216.042
634.548
317.630
883.075
264.041
608.157
372.404
596.632
1530.731
90.108
311.496
74.133
484.367
1793.353
73.576
218.602
195.831
636.783
61.895
270.129
122.842
124.698
455.174
111.541
1533.551
397.282
537.305
86.709
871.676
411.022
101.245
233.387
1949.168
2995.728
66.268
873.575
121.486
1190.754
92.609
2608.156
1208.792
318.636
211.392
2020
166.836
278.246
817.082
418.404
1111 .460
340.031
783.139
479.546
754.633
1993.147
112.976
392.056
95.451
626.505
2261.053
94.747
275.469
246.774
748.179
79.699
351.731
160.022
160.574
596.045
143.639
1932.060
511.549
677.768
1 1 1 .643
1086.221
536.803
132.227
300.529
2455.675
3774.179
85.335
1101.370
153.658
1500.181
119.166
3278.751
1457.349
384.155
272.137
-------
State County
No. No.
51
51
51
51
51
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
800
810
820
830
840
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
FIPS
51800
51810
51820
51830
51840
53001
53003
53005
53007
53009
53011
53013
53015
53017
53019
53021
53023
53025
53027
53029
53031
53033
53035
53037
53039
53041
53043
53045
53047
53049
53051
53053
53055
53057
53059
53061
53063
53065
53067
53069
53071
53073
53075
53077
State
Code
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
County
Suffolk City, VA
Virginia Beach City, VA
Waynesboro city, VA
Williamsburg city, VA
Winchester city, VA
Adams, WA
Asotin, WA
Benton, WA
Chelan, WA
Clallam, WA
Clark, WA
Columbia, WA
Cowlitz, WA
Douglas, WA
Ferry, WA
Franklin, WA
Garfield, WA
Grant, WA
Grays Harbor, WA
Island, WA
Jefferson, WA
King, WA
Kitsap, WA
Kittitas, WA
Klickitat, WA
Lewis, WA
Lincoln, WA
Mason, WA
Okanogan, WA
Pacific, WA
Pend Oreille, WA
Pierce, WA
San Juan, WA
Skagit, WA
Skamania, WA
Snohomish, WA
Spokane, WA
Stevens, WA
Thurston, WA
Wahkiakum, WA
Walla Walla, WA
Whatcom, WA
Whitman, WA
Yakima, WA
Urban/
Rural
U1
U1
U2
U1
U2
R
U2
U2
U2
R
U1
R
U2
U2
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
U2
R
U2
U2
U2
U2
Mapped
Area
PA
PA
NN
PA
NN
SP
SP
SP
SP
WA
WA
SP
WA
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
SP
SP
WA
SP
WA
SP
WA
SP
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
SP
SP
WA
WA
SP
WA
SP
SP
Population
1990
52143
393089
18549
11409
21947
13603
17605
112560
52250
56210
238053
4024
82119
26205
6295
37473
2248
54798
64175
60195
20406
1507305
189731
26725
16616
59358
8864
38341
33350
18882
8915
586203
10035
79545
8289
465628
361333
30948
161238
3327
48439
127780
38775
188823
1996
59763
426908
18553
11744
22364
15264
20662
132456
58650
62765
305316
4241
89589
32444
7119
45662
2275
67587
67406
69168
25154
1614917
228197
30718
18719
66410
9668
47886
37895
20797
10934
653551
11943
95111
9449
550470
398462
38058
194773
3814
52778
150468
39243
214104
2007
66456
474715
20631
13059
24868
17759
24038
154105
68236
73023
355216
4934
104231
37747
8282
53125
2646
78634
78423
80473
29265
1878859
265494
35738
21778
77264
11248
55713
44088
24196
12722
760368
13895
110656
10993
640438
463586
44278
226607
4437
61404
175060
45657
249098
2020
73152
522554
22710
14375
27374
20567
27840
178476
79028
84571
411393
5714
120716
43716
9592
61527
3065
91070
90826
93200
33893
2175998
307481
41390
25222
89483
13027
64524
51061
28022
14733
880619
16092
128156
12732
741723
536902
51281
262444
5139
71115
202746
52877
288492
1990
576.949
2575.803
211.687
98.630
192.522
154.265
141.481
922.165
469.908
503.758
1915.024
33.986
719.387
213.906
88.958
326.710
37.783
492.169
608.074
511.786
177.886
14012.863
2088.975
251.990
204.779
635.787
147.015
393.741
425.099
231.077
131.341
5542.380
119.984
630.763
121.228
3964.507
2805.275
394.171
1730.416
58.660
346.041
1165.247
324.952
1650.723
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996 2007
580.700
3690.573
131.534
122.499
222.685
127.209
66.147
1051.132
363.501
428.751
2578.919
55.657
816.989
162.208
87.069
400.857
31.092
442.050
437.200
557.038
150.631
16253.224
2037.180
207.228
186.215
573.947
122.603
435.169
407.183
223.048
123.308
5998.781
138.801
581.644
114.648
4941.636
3300.009
370.768
2112.037
46.017
200.314
1314.419
192.168
1632.471
719.219
4538.765
168.221
153.652
284.302
169.779
88.083
1437.063
484.890
572.028
3381.502
74.320
1078.560
216.322
116.262
549.811
41.518
589.837
583.177
758.489
200.962
21741.577
2748.579
276.491
248.592
766.054
163.710
580.952
543.639
297.783
164.653
7824.079
185.339
775.957
153.090
6635.568
4134.621
495.008
2989.073
61.447
266.834
1786.154
256.130
2060.912
2020
910.169
5719.278
216.560
194.828
366.092
226.414
117.309
1951.422
646.455
762.698
4430.561
99.145
1429.016
288.351
155.093
748.082
55.384
786.495
777.467
1032.885
267.942
29294.662
3674.579
368.656
331.568
1021.627
218.392
774.872
725.155
397.203
219.645
10248.697
247.232
1034.554
204.224
8961.314
5227.650
660.280
4157.447
81.966
355.447
2406.321
341.290
2601.290
-------
State
No.
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
County
No.
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
FIPS
54001
54003
54005
54007
54009
54011
54013
54015
54017
54019
54021
54023
54025
54027
54029
54031
54033
54035
54037
54039
54041
54043
54045
54047
54049
54051
54053
54055
54057
54059
54061
54063
54065
54067
54069
54071
54073
54075
54077
54079
54081
54083
54085
54087
State
Code
WV
wv
WV
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
County
Barbour, WV
Berkeley, WV
Boone, WV
Braxton, WV
Brooke, WV
Cabell, WV
Calhoun, WV
Clay, WV
Doddridge, WV
Fayette, WV
Gilmer, WV
Grant, WV
Greenbrier, WV
Hampshire, WV
Hancock, WV
Hardy, WV
Harrison, WV
Jackson, WV
Jefferson, WV
Kanawha, WV
Lewis, WV
Lincoln, WV
Logan, WV
McDowell, WV
Marion, WV
Marshall, WV
Mason, WV
Mercer, WV
Mineral, WV
Mingo, WV
Monongalia, WV
Monroe, WV
Morgan, WV
Nicholas, WV
Ohio, WV
Pendleton, WV
Pleasants, WV
Pocahontas, WV
Preston, WV
Putnam, WV
Raleigh, WV
Randolph, WV
Ritchie, WV
Roane, WV
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
U2
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Population
1990
15699
59253
25870
12998
26992
96827
7885
9983
6994
47952
7669
10428
34693
16498
35233
10977
69371
25938
35926
207619
17223
21382
43032
35233
57249
37356
25178
64980
26697
33739
75509
12406
12128
26775
50871
8054
7546
9008
29037
42835
76819
27803
10233
15120
1996
16134
67669
26343
13256
26346
95313
7903
10437
7328
48358
7249
10993
35386
18553
34582
11683
70541
27323
39484
204214
17500
22100
41541
31273
56929
35937
25858
64411
26814
32730
77202
13050
13284
27465
49146
8010
7495
9035
29654
49151
78684
28640
10260
15285
2007
16300
68364
26614
13392
26616
96292
7984
10544
7404
48855
7323
11106
35750
18744
34937
11803
71265
27604
39889
206311
17680
22327
41968
31594
57514
36306
26123
65072
27089
33066
77995
13184
13421
27747
49650
8093
7572
9127
29959
49656
79492
28934
10365
15442
2020
16288
68312
26594
13382
26596
96219
7978
10536
7398
48818
7318
11097
35723
18730
34910
11794
71211
27583
39859
206155
17666
22310
41936
31570
57470
36278
26103
65023
27068
33041
77936
13174
13411
27726
49613
8086
7567
9120
29936
49618
79432
28912
10357
15431
1990
104.045
416.786
197.104
145.959
189.586
895.057
55.650
118.341
50.138
554.532
87.549
68.866
358.924
100.280
246.336
67.657
617.974
227.634
197.081
2368.797
161.945
159.697
322.913
326.631
537.513
210.836
167.870
626.561
162.398
238.483
602.613
86.834
72.249
172.973
400.638
53.357
55.552
66.903
303.559
371.042
775.989
171.940
77.183
151.598
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
146.796
528.311
260.166
143.984
257.795
1025.348
87.344
110.585
77.474
472.223
84.952
115.515
329.112
182.753
345.418
121.597
531.693
224.904
345.931
2455.056
147.563
236.855
448.162
363.726
459.252
401.480
235.665
548.447
238.987
337.785
508.353
137.424
134.348
248.535
536.640
89.217
83.588
99.783
293.584
508.687
667.165
243.764
113.355
167.489
2007
174.629
695.148
309.635
171.456
292.849
1220.697
104.013
131.687
92.258
561.945
101.162
137.556
391.554
217.625
391.684
144.798
631.603
267.412
455.412
2903.438
175.437
282.050
533.489
432.955
545.742
457.799
280.350
651.981
273.320
402.004
603.211
163.647
159.979
295.645
608.235
106.240
99.539
118.824
349.419
603.683
793.267
289.857
134.983
199.447
2020
210.793
915.236
373.839
207.088
337.087
1467.679
125.614
159.042
111.431
678.425
122.181
166.133
472.646
262.842
450.370
174.886
761.725
322.686
599.796
3504.406
211.699
340.654
644.212
522.794
658.315
530.542
338.404
786.646
320.830
485.364
727.025
197.656
193.228
356.859
702.369
128.317
120.227
143.522
421.905
730.197
957.243
349.798
163.033
240.893
-------
State
No.
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
County
No.
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
FIPS
54089
54091
54093
54095
54097
54099
54101
54103
54105
54107
54109
55001
55003
55005
55007
55009
55011
55013
55015
55017
55019
55021
55023
55025
55027
55029
55031
55033
55035
55037
55039
55041
55043
55045
55047
55049
55051
55053
55055
55057
55059
55061
55063
55065
State
Code
WV
wv
WV
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
wv
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
County
Summers, WV
Taylor, WV
Tucker, WV
Tyler, WV
Upshur, WV
Wayne, WV
Webster, WV
Wetzel, WV
Wirt, WV
Wood, WV
Wyoming, WV
Adams, Wl
Ashland, Wl
Barren, Wl
Bayfield, Wl
Brown, Wl
Buffalo, Wl
Burnett, Wl
Calumet, Wl
Chippewa, Wl
Clark, Wl
Columbia, Wl
Crawford, Wl
Dane, Wl
Dodge, Wl
Door, Wl
Douglas, Wl
Dunn, Wl
Eau Claire, Wl
Florence, Wl
Fond du Lac, Wl
Forest, Wl
Grant, Wl
Green, Wl
Green Lake, Wl
Iowa, Wl
Iron, Wl
Jackson, Wl
Jefferson, Wl
Juneau,Wl
Kenosha, Wl
Kewaunee, Wl
La Crosse, Wl
Lafayette, Wl
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
U2
R
R
U1
R
R
R
R
U1
R
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
Mapped
Area
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
CH
Ml
Ml
Ml
Population
1990
14204
15144
7728
9796
22867
41636
10729
19258
5192
86915
28990
15682
16307
40750
14008
194594
13584
13084
34291
52360
31647
45088
15940
367085
76559
25690
41758
35909
85183
4590
90083
8776
49266
30339
18651
20150
6153
16588
67783
21650
128181
18878
97904
16074
1996
13836
15316
7716
10025
23686
42014
10393
18613
5597
87013
27840
17804
16460
43256
15054
211437
14101
14324
37509
53979
32802
49609
16462
393164
81584
26725
42990
38348
88658
5129
93722
9466
49461
32753
19338
21880
6432
17470
72576
23657
140773
19564
101654
16331
2007
13978
15474
7795
10128
23930
42445
10500
18805
5654
87906
28126
19039
17602
46257
16098
226104
15079
15318
40111
57724
35078
53050
17604
420438
87244
28578
45972
41009
94808
5485
100224
10123
52892
35025
20679
23398
6879
18682
77611
25298
150539
20921
108706
17464
2020
13968
15462
7789
10120
23912
42413
10492
18790
5650
87840
28104
19930
18425
48420
16851
236677
15784
16034
41986
60423
36718
55531
18427
440098
91323
29915
48122
42926
99241
5741
104910
10596
55365
36663
21646
24492
7200
19555
81240
26481
157578
21899
113789
18281
1990
140.389
94.322
58.516
73.433
140.543
425.912
82.597
122.840
33.204
663.704
235.307
155.600
122.442
367.012
159.825
1323.256
145.463
142.692
171.257
521.670
358.694
507.411
145.409
2900.194
495.498
268.448
402.798
385.882
809.689
48.241
601.656
104.574
470.002
243.465
170.082
201.816
77.819
222.795
657.887
290.441
766.488
115.924
940.320
201.333
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
127.629
119.946
85.605
100.629
202.163
452.108
118.847
138.801
57.514
823.294
321.131
263.496
139.476
513.030
235.369
2252.177
228.245
219.844
349.524
714.732
489.863
558.708
179.385
3564.179
743.857
288.243
462.579
391.630
993.003
77.123
700.781
147.459
568.217
300.245
230.486
277.897
103.384
224.174
544.790
310.026
1174.055
221.812
1038.851
270.117
2007
151.790
142.522
101.940
119.778
240.404
542.862
141.526
164.800
68.488
976.077
382.408
328.311
173.539
638.910
293.266
2821.891
284.390
273.921
442.504
897.413
610.281
695.776
223.349
4557.959
925.838
358.880
544.346
487.575
1237.146
96.094
871.675
183.730
707.512
373.714
287.029
346.143
128.817
279.216
677.711
386.186
1465.923
276.199
1310.967
336.561
2020
183.192
171.904
123.117
144.627
290.129
656.029
170.938
198.702
82.713
1173.257
461.853
410.683
216.889
798.962
366.842
3568.593
355.739
342.646
562.677
1131.597
763.340
870.053
279.264
5859.308
1157.373
448.726
646.003
609.610
1552.807
120.205
1089.250
229.829
884.668
467.189
358.922
432.900
161.137
349.193
846.918
483.002
1843.452
345.357
1661.121
420.999
-------
State
No.
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
County
No.
67
69
71
73
75
77
78
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
1
3
5
7
9
FIPS
55067
55069
55071
55073
55075
55077
55078
55079
55081
55083
55085
55087
55089
55091
55093
55095
55097
55099
55101
55103
55105
55107
55109
55111
55113
55115
55117
55119
55121
55123
55125
55127
55129
55131
55133
55135
55137
55139
55141
56001
56003
56005
56007
56009
State
Code
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
County
Langlade, Wl
Lincoln, Wl
Manitowoc, Wl
Marathon, Wl
Marinette, Wl
Marquette, Wl
Menominee, Wl
Milwaukee, Wl
Monroe, Wl
Oconto, Wl
Oneida, Wl
Outagamie, Wl
Ozaukee,Wl
Pepin, Wl
Pierce, Wl
Polk, Wl
Portage, Wl
Price, Wl
Racine, Wl
Richland, Wl
Rock, Wl
Rusk, Wl
St. Croix, Wl
Sauk, Wl
Sawyer, Wl
Shawano, Wl
Sheboygan, Wl
Taylor, Wl
Trempealeau, Wl
Vernon, Wl
Vilas, Wl
Walworth, Wl
Washburn, Wl
Washington, Wl
Waukesha, Wl
Waupaca, Wl
Waushara, Wl
Winnebago, Wl
Wood, Wl
Albany, WY
Big Horn, WY
Campbell, WY
Carbon, WY
Converse, WY
Urban/
Rural
R
R
U2
U2
R
R
R
U1
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
U1
R
U2
R
U1
R
R
R
U2
R
R
R
R
R
R
U1
U1
R
R
U1
U2
U2
R
U2
U2
R
Mapped
Area
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
CH
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
CH
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
CH
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
Ml
Ml
Ml
CH
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
CH
CH
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
Population
1990
19505
26993
80421
115400
40548
12321
3890
959275
36633
30226
31679
140510
72831
7107
32765
34773
61405
15600
175034
17521
139510
15079
50251
46975
14181
37157
103877
18901
25263
25617
17707
75000
13772
95328
304715
46104
19385
140320
73605
30797
10525
29370
16659
11128
1996
20412
29256
81964
121443
42664
14450
4648
916131
38966
32933
35123
152223
79608
7179
34847
37776
64270
15704
183913
17863
148786
15280
56302
52128
15726
38304
109036
19216
26198
26955
20630
83061
15077
110213
342509
49479
21204
148561
75468
29864
10959
31699
15961
12128
2007
21828
31285
87650
129867
45624
15453
4970
979683
41669
35217
37559
162783
85130
7677
37264
40396
68729
16793
196671
19102
159107
16340
60207
55744
16817
40961
116600
20549
28016
28825
22061
88823
16123
117859
366269
52911
22675
158866
80704
35581
13056
37766
19016
14450
2020
22849
32748
91748
135940
47757
16175
5203
1025493
43618
36864
39316
170394
89111
8036
39007
42285
71943
17578
205868
19995
166547
17104
63023
58351
17604
42876
122052
21509
29326
30173
23093
92976
16877
123370
383396
55385
23735
166295
84477
40766
14959
43270
21788
16555
1990
149.107
204.082
638.261
1287.295
369.638
182.706
28.707
4819.287
381.562
297.596
299.097
848.046
1237.182
86.459
280.221
374.075
563.831
157.478
919.839
162.827
1150.688
150.196
543.905
490.847
148.502
327.730
723.894
185.882
409.469
267.299
191.193
618.529
152.327
728.899
2254.078
342.699
288.923
547.615
538.730
217.513
304.582
362.122
311.523
171.116
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
198.385
247.428
599.753
1382.585
446.915
207.024
65.362
9886.937
375.490
397.561
416.208
1560.972
747.387
119.414
319.376
542.746
544.403
213.605
1435.744
215.969
1392.937
191.816
589.819
506.954
238.276
505.579
1028.577
250.644
424.482
369.131
297.523
786.165
231.403
971.022
3287.476
546.021
324.452
1379.208
616.639
236.093
352.666
458.219
278.510
221.500
2007
246.946
307.915
745.903
1738.158
556.416
257.949
81.439
11749.854
467.415
495.151
518.373
1964.817
895.298
148.789
409.420
676.174
677.424
266.060
1741.203
268.949
1670.320
238.886
756.434
631.137
296.887
629.724
1268.925
312.175
528.896
459.817
370.707
978.678
288.324
1172.701
3933.573
679.913
404.256
1732.586
767.183
293.638
442.229
572.994
348.391
277.292
2020
308.725
384.883
932.012
2192.646
695.704
322.659
101.876
14236.577
584.354
619.215
648.273
2489.699
1089.948
186.116
522.207
845.759
846.704
332.736
2140.057
336.312
2028.154
298.749
965.070
789.092
371.376
787.545
1571.938
390.407
661.589
575.108
463.703
1223.565
360.672
1434.565
4785.514
850.177
505.674
2192.786
958.805
365.138
552.604
714.815
434.714
346.159
-------
State
No.
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
County
No.
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
FIPS
56011
56013
56015
56017
56019
56021
56023
56025
56027
56029
56031
56033
56035
56037
56039
56041
56043
56045
State
Code
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
County
Crook, WY
Fremont, WY
Goshen, WY
Hot Springs, WY
Johnson, WY
Laramie, WY
Lincoln, WY
Natrona, WY
Niobrara, WY
Park, WY
Platte, WY
Sheridan, WY
Sublette, WY
Sweetwater, WY
Teton, WY
Uinta, WY
Washakie, WY
Weston, WY
Urban/
Rural
R
R
R
U2
U2
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
R
U2
U2
R
Mapped
Area
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
Population
1990
5294
33662
12373
4809
6145
73142
12625
61226
2499
23178
8145
23562
4843
38823
11173
18705
8388
6518
1996
5723
35570
12771
4699
6694
77711
13693
63293
2601
25315
8484
24965
5574
39607
13531
20061
8595
6507
2007
6818
42378
15215
5599
7976
92586
16314
75408
3099
30160
10107
29744
6641
47189
16121
23901
10241
7752
2020
7811
48554
17432
6415
9138
106078
18691
86397
3550
34556
11580
34078
7609
54065
18470
27384
11733
8882
1990
135.909
621.796
190.894
63.097
89.591
579.854
241.170
643.744
74.863
293.014
181.144
314.582
116.446
372.229
142.210
194.868
105.259
104.364
Annual VMT (Millions)
1996
177.388
644.081
246.068
64.310
107.434
976.069
333.123
927.356
83.735
383.355
175.374
374.989
162.278
355.321
241.582
301.617
109.828
127.656
2007
222.439
806.185
308.049
80.345
134.419
1195.644
417.448
1101.201
105.001
479.520
219.615
468.965
203.488
442.692
302.531
377.229
137.200
159.800
2020
277.952
1006.311
384.567
100.184
167.753
1473.074
521 .436
1325.467
131.210
598.308
274.213
585.085
254.280
551.061
377.745
470.653
171.059
199.477
------- |