United States Air and Radiation EPA420-B-00-001
Environmental Protection February 2000
Agency
vxEPA Federal and California
Exhaust and Evaporative
Emission Standards for
Light-Duty Vehicles and
Light-Duty Trucks
> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
for
Certification and Compliance Division
Office of Air Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended to present technical, analysis of issues using data, which are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
-------
Federal Certification Exhaust Emission Standards
for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light Light-Duty Trucks:
Federal Test Procedure (FTP), Cold CO, and Highway & Idle Tests
(grams/mile)
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
Federal
Federal
National
Low
Emission
Vehicle
(NLEV)
Program
Federal
Clean
Fueled
Vehicle
(CFV)
Program
Vehicle
Type
LDV
[37,40,43]
LDT1
[37,40,43]
LDT2
[37,40,43]
LDV
[36,40,41]
LDT1
[36,40,41]
LDT2
[36,40,41]
LDV
[37,40,41]
LDT1
[37,40,41]
LDT2
[37,40,41]
Emission
Category
TierO
Tierl
Tier 0[261
Tierl
Tier 0[261
Tierl
TLEV
LEV1421
ULEV1421
ZEV
TLEV
LEV1421
ULEV1421
ZEV
TLEV
LEV1421
ULEV1421
ZEV
LEV
ILEV [331
ULEV
ZEV
LEV
ILEV [331
ULEV
ZEV
LEV
ILEV [331
ULEV
ZEV
Vehicle Useful Life
5 Years / 50,000 Miles
THC1W,!IĞI
0.41
1281 0.41
-
-
1281 0.41
1281 0.41
1281 0.41
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
128] 0 ^
123] 0 41
128] Q ^
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
NMHC131
161 0.34
0.25
0.25
0.32
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
NMOG
-
-
-
-
[1'311 0.125
[1'311 0.075
[1'311 0.040
0.000
[1'311 0.125
[1'311 0.075
[1'311 0.040
0.000
[1'311 0.160
[1'311 0.100
[1'311 0.050
0.000
1301 0.075
0.075
1301 0.040
0.000
1301 0.075
0.075
1301 0.040
0.000
1301 0.100
0.100
1301 0.050
0.000
CO135'391
3.4
3.4
3.4
4.4
3.4
3.4
1.7
0.0
3.4
3.4
1.7
0.0
4.4
4.4
2.2
0.0
3.4
3.4
1.7
0.0
3.4
3.4
1.7
0.0
4.4
4.4
2.2
0.0
NOx
1.0
171 0.4
171 0.4
181 0.7
1341 0.4
1341 0.2
1341 0.2
1341 0.0
1341 0.4
1341 0.2
1341 0.2
1341 0.0
[34] QJ
1341 0.4
1341 0.4
1341 0.0
1341 0.2
1341 0.2
1341 0.2
1341 0.0
1341 0.2
1341 0.2
1341 0.2
1341 0.0
1341 0.4
1341 0.4
1341 0.4
1341 0.0
PM|Z91
141 0.20
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
HCHO
-
-
-
-
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.000
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.000
0.018
0.018
0.009
0.000
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.000
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.000
0.018
0.018
0.009
0.000
10 Years / 100,000 Miles
THCU,5|
-
0.80
126,28] 0 go
0.80
126,28] 0 go
-
-
-
0.00
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
0.00
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
0.00
-
-
-
0.00
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
0.00
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
[26,28] Q go
0.00
NMHC131
0.31
161 0.67
0.31
161 0.67
0.40
-
-
-
0.000
-
-
-
0.000
-
-
-
0.000
-
-
-
0.000
-
-
-
0.000
-
-
-
0.000
NMOG
-
-
-
-
-
[1'311 0.156
[1'311 0.090
[1'311 0.055
0.000
[1'311 0.156
[1'311 0.090
[1'311 0.055
0.000
[1'311 0.200
[1'311 0.130
[1'311 0.070
0.000
1301 0.090
0.090
1301 0.055
0.000
1301 0.090
0.090
1301 0.055
0.000
1301 0.130
0.130
1301 0.070
0.000
CO1381
4.2
10
4.2
10
5.5
4.2
4.2
2.1
0.0
4.2
4.2
2.1
0.0
5.5
5.5
2.8
0.0
4.2
4.2
2.1
0.0
4.2
4.2
2.1
0.0
5.5
5.5
2.8
0.0
NOx
191 0.6
1.2
191 0.6
1.7
0.97
1341 0.6
1341 0.3
1341 0.3
1341 0.0
1341 0.6
1341 0.3
1341 0.3
1341 0.0
1341 0.9
1341 0.5
1341 0.5
1341 0.0
1341 0.3
1341 0.3
1341 0.3
1341 0.0
1341 0.3
1341 0.3
1341 0.3
1341 0.0
1341 0.5
1341 0.5
1341 0.5
1341 0.0
PM|Z91
0.10
141 0.26
0.10
141 0.13
0.10
1321 0.08
1321 0.08
1321 0.04
0.00
1321 0.08
1321 0.08
1321 0.04
0.00
1321 0.10
1321 0.10
1321 0.05
0.00
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
1101 0.04
0.00
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
1101 0.04
0.00
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
1101 0.04
0.00
HCHO
-
-
-
-
-
0.018
0.018
0.011
0.000
0.018
0.018
0.011
0.000
0.023
0.023
0.013
0.000
0.018
0.018
0.011
0.000
0.018
0.018
0.011
0.000
0.023
0.023
0.013
0.000
-------
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
Federal Certification Exhaust Emission Standards
for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks:
Federal Test Procedure (FTP), Cold CO, and Highway & Idle Tests
(grams/mile)
Federal
[37,40,43]
Federal
Clean
Fueled
Vehicle
(CFV)
Program
[37,40]
Vehicle
Type
LDT3
LDT4
LDT3
0-3750
ALVW
LDT3
3751-5750
ALVW
LDT4
5751-8500
ALVW
Emission
Category
TierO
Tierl
TierO
Tierl
LEV
ILEV [33]
ULEV
LEV
ILEV [33]
ULEV
LEV
ILEV [33]
ULEV
Vehicle Useful Life
5 Years / 50,000 Miles
NMHC [3]
0.32
0.39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NMOG
-
-
1301 0.125
0.125
1301 0.075
1301 0.160
0.160
1301 0.100
1301 0.195
0.195
[30] 0 U7
Cg[35,39]
4.4
5.0
3.4
3.4
1.7
4.4
4.4
2.2
5.0
5.0
2.5
NOx [8]
0.7
1.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.4
1.1
0.6
0.6
PM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HCHO
-
-
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.018
0.018
0.009
0.022
0.022
0.011
11 Years 7120,000 Miles
THC[2,5,39]
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NMHC [3]
161 0.67
0.46
161 0.67
0.56
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NMOG
-
-
-
-
1301 0.180
0.180
[30] 0.107
1301 0.230
0.230
1301 0.143
1301 0.280
0.280
1301 0.167
CO1381
10
6.4
10
7.3
5.0
5.0
2.5
6.4
6.4
3.2
7.3
7.3
3.7
NOx
1.7
0.98
1.7
1.53
0.6
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.8
0.8
PM
141 0.26
0.10
141 0.13
0.12
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
1101 0.04
1101 0.10
1101 0.10
1101 0.05
[10] 012
[10] Q12
1101 0.06
HCHO
-
-
-
-
0.022
0.022
0.012
0.027
0.027
0.013
0.032
0.032
0.016
-------
vvEPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
Federal and California Certification Exhaust Emission Standards
for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles:
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP)
(grams/mile)
Federal
Federal
NLEV&
California
Programs
California
Vehicle
Type
LDV
LDT1
LDT2
LDT3
LDT4
LDV/PC
LDT1
LDT2
MDV1
MDV2
MDV3
MDV4
MDV5
Emission
Category
Tier 1 [271
Tier 1 [27]
Tier 1 [121
Tier 1 [121
Tier 1 [121
Tierl/TLEV m
LEV/ULEV m
Tierl/TLEV m
LEV/ULEV [271
Tierl/TLEV [121
LEV/ULEV m
4,000 Miles
US06 TEST
NMHC+NOx
0.14
0.14
0.25
CO
8.0
8.0
10.5
A/C TEST
NMHC+NOx
0.20
0.20
0.27
CO
2.7
2.7
3.5
5 Years / 50,000 Miles
COMPOSITE
NMHC+NOx
1211 0.65
1211 0.65
1.02
1.02
1.49
1211 0.65
1211 0.65
1.02
A/C TEST
CO
3.0
3.0
3.9
3.9
4.4
181 3.0
181 3.0
3.9
US06
CO
9.0
9.0
11.6
11.6
13.2
9.0
9.0
11.6
COMPOSITE
CO
3.4
3.4
4.4
4.4
5.0
3.4
3.4
4.4
10 Years /1 00,000 Miles
COMPOSITE
NMHC+NOx
1221 0.91
1221 0.91
1.37
1261 1.44
1261 2.09
1221 0.91
1221 0.91
1.37
A/C TEST
CO
3.7
3.7
4.9
1261 5.6
[26] g4
181 3.7
181 3.7
4.9
US06
CO
11.1
11.1
14.6
1261 16.9
1261 19.3
11.1
11.1
14.6
COMPOSITE
CO
4.2
4.2
5.5
[26] 64
[26] 73
4.2
4.2
5.5
N/A
LEV/ULEV/SULEV
LEV/ULEV/SULEV
0.40
0.60
10.5
11.8
0.31
0.44
3.5
4.0
N/A
N/A
-------
v>EPA
Federal Certification Evaporative Emission Standards
for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light-Duty Trucks:
Evaporative and Onboard Refueling (ORVR) Test Procedures
(including NLEV and CVF programs)
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
Federal
Emission
Standards
Standard
(Pre Enhanced)
Enhanced
Evaporative
and ORVR
Vehicle
Class
LDV
LDT
LDV,
LDT 1 & 2,
LDT 3 & 4
(<30 gal
fuel tank)
LDT 3 & 4
(>30 gal
fuel tank)
Useful
Life
(years/miles)
5/50,000
11/120,000
10/100,000
10/100,000
11/120,000
11/120,000
Evaporative
Test Fuel
EPA Gasoline
Methanol (M10)
EPA Gasoline
Methanol (M10)
EPA Gasoline
Methanol (M10)
Ethanol (E10)[471
CNG
LPG
Diesel Fuel
EPA Gasoline
Methanol (M10)
Ethanol (E10)[471
CNG
LPG
Diesel Fuel
Test Procedure
(2) 1 hour
Hot Soaks
(grams/test)
2.0 (THC)
2.0 (THCE)
1511 2.0 (THC)
1511 2.0 (THCE)
3 Day Diurnal
plus Hot Soak
(grams/test)
2.0 (THC)
2.0 (THCE)
2.0 (THCE)
2.0 (THC)
2.0 (THC)
2.5 (THC)
2.5 (THCE)
2.5 (THCE)
2.0 (THC)
2.0 (THC)
2 Day Diurnal
plus Hot Soak
(grams/test)
2.5 (THC)
2.5 (THCE)
2.5 (THCE)
3.0 (THC)
3.0 (THCE)
3.0 (THCE)
Running Losses
(grams/mile)
0.05 (THC)
0.05 (THCE)
0.05 (THCE)
0.05 (THC)
0.05 (THCE)
0.05 (THCE)
Spitback1481
(grams liquid)
1.0 (fuel)
1.0 (fuel)
1.0 (fuel)
1.0 (fuel)
1.0 (fuel)
1.0 (fuel)
ORVR
(grams/gal of
fuel dispensed)
0.20 (THC)
0.20 (THCE)
0.20 (THCE)
[49, NA
0.15 (THC)
1501 0.20 (THC)
0.20 (THC)
0.20 (THCE)
0.20 (THCE)
[49, NA
0.15 (THC)
1501 0.20 (THC)
-------
wEPA
Federal Evaporative & Onboard Refueling (ORVR) Implementation Schedule
for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light-Duty Trucks
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
Federal
Emission
Standards
Pre Enhanced
Enhanced
ORVR
Vehicle
Class
LDV, LDT
LDV, LDT
LDV
LDT 1 & 2
LDT 3 &4
Emission
Standards
Cert & In-use
Cert & In-use m
Cert & In-use m
Cert & In-use
Cert & In-use
1995
100%
1996
80% Max
20% Min
1997
60% Max
40% Min
1998
10% Max
90% Min
40% Min
1999
100%
80% Min
2000
100%
100%
2001
100%
100%
40% Min
2002
100%
100%
80% Min
2003
100%
100%
100%
2004
2005
2006
Tier 2 Requirements Begin
/vww.epa.£
40% Min
See
ov/oms/tr2home.htm
80% Min
100%
-------
Federal Exhaust Emission Standards Implementation Schedule
for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light-Duty Trucks
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
Federal
(Non-
NLEV)
Federal
(NLEV)
Vehicle
Type
LDV,
LDT1
&
LDT2
LDT3
&
LDT4
LDV
&
LDT1
LDT2
Test
Procedure
FTP
SFTP [441
FTP
SFTP [441
FTP
SFTP [25'441
FTP
SFTp [25,44]
Emission
Category
TierO
Tierl1241
Tier 1
TierO
Tierl
Tierl
Tierl
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
Tierl
TLEV
LEV [231
ULEV [231
Tierl
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
Tierl
TLEV
LEV [231
ULEV [231
Emission
Standards
Cert & In-use
Certification1441
Interim In-Use
Final In-use[441
Cert & In-use
Cert & In-use
Certification1441
Interim In-Use
Final In-use1441
Cert & In-use
Certification
(Fleet Average
Derived from
50K Standards)
Cert & In-use
Certification
Certification
(Fleet Average
Derived from
50K Standards)
Cert & In-use
Certification
Model Year
1992
100%
100%
1993
100%
100%
1994
60% Max
40% Min
40% Min
100%
1995
20% Max
80% Min
80% Min
100%
1996
0%
100%
60% Max
40% Min
50% Max
50% Min
50% Min
1997
100%
20% Max
80% Min
0%
100%
100%
1998
100%
0%
100%
100%
50% Max
50% Min
i
\
1999
100%
100%
100%
100%
^JE Tradin
0.148
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
1 [45,46]
*NE Tradin
0.190
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
[45,46] '
2000
100%
100%
40% Min
100%
100%
I Region
0.095
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
1 [45]
I Region
0.124
NMOG
"leet Avg.
[45]
2001
100%
100%
80% Min
100%
100%
* All State
0.075
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
1 [46]
*25% Min
*25% Min
* All Stat<
0.100
NMOG
"leet Avg.
[46] \
*25% Min
*25% Min
2002
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
40% Min
Trading
0.075
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
*50% Min
*50% Min
5 Trading
0.100
NMOG
"leet Avg.
*50% Min
*50% Min
2003
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
80% Min
-------
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
California Certification Exhaust Emission Standards
for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light Light-Duty Trucks:
Federal Test Procedure (FTP)
(grams/mile)
California
Vehicle
Type
PC
LDT1
LDT2
Emission
Category
TierO
Tierl
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
TierO
Tierl
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
TierO
Tierl
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
Vehicle Useful Life
5 Years / 50,000 Miles
THC IWI
-
-
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
-
-
0.00
NMHC '"
0.39
0.25
-
0.00
0.39
0.25
-
0.00
0.50
0.32
-
0.00
NMOG 11J
-
-
0.125
0.075
0.040
0.000
-
-
0.125
0.075
0.040
0.000
-
-
0.160
0.100
0.050
0.000
CO
7.0
3.4
3.4
3.4
1.7
0.0
9.0
3.4
3.4
3.4
1.7
0.0
9.0
4.4
4.4
4.4
2.2
0.0
NOx
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.0
PM
|1U| 0.08
1101 0.08
-
-
-
0.00
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
-
-
-
0.00
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
-
-
-
0.00
HCHO
1111 0.015
1111 0.015
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.000
1111 0.015
1111 0.015
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.000
1111 0.018
1111 0.018
0.018
0.018
0.009
0.000
10 Years 7100,000 Miles
THC IWI
-
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
-
0.00
-
-
-
-
0.00
NMHC '"
0.31
-
-
-
0.000
0.31
-
-
-
0.000
0.40
-
-
-
0.000
NMOG 11J
-
0.156
0.090
0.055
0.000
-
0.156
0.090
0.055
0.000
-
0.200
0.130
0.070
0.000
CO
4.2
4.2
4.2
2.1
0.0
4.2
4.2
4.2
2.1
0.0
5.5
5.5
5.5
2.8
0.0
NOx
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.97
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.0
PM
-
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
1101 0.04
0.00
-
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
1101 0.04
0.00
-
1101 0.10
1101 0.10
1101 0.05
0.00
HCHO
-
0.018
0.018
0.011
0.000
-
0.018
0.018
0.011
0.000
-
0.023
0.023
0.013
0.000
-------
4ğEPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
California Certification Exhaust Emission Standards
for Medium-Duty Vehicles:
Federal Test Procedure (FTP)
(grams/mile)
California
Vehicle
Type
MDV1
MDV2
MDV3
MDV4
MDV5
Emission
Category
TierO
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
TierO
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
TierO
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
Vehicle Useful Life
5 Years / 50,000 Miles
NMHC131
0.39
0.25
-
-
0.50
0.32
-
-
0.60
0.39
-
-
-
0.46
-
-
-
0.60
-
-
-
NMOG111
-
-
0.125
0.075
-
-
0.160
0.100
0.050
-
-
0.195
0.117
0.059
-
0.230
0.138
0.069
-
0.300
0.180
0.090
CO
9.0
3.4
3.4
1.7
9.0
4.4
4.4
4.4
2.2
9.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
2.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
3.5
NOx
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.7
1131 0.4
0.4
0.2
1.5
1.1
1151 0.6
0.6
0.3
1.3
1171 0.7
0.7
0.35
2.0
1191 1.0
1.0
0.5
PM
1101 0.08
-
-
-
1101 0.08
-
-
-
-
1101 0.08
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HCHO
1111 0.015
1111 0.015
0.015
0.008
1111 0.018
1111 0.018
0.018
0.009
0.004
1111 0.022
1111 0.022
0.022
0.011
0.006
1111 0.028
0.028
0.014
0.007
1111 0.036
0.036
0.018
0.009
NMHC131
0.36
-
-
0.46
-
-
-
0.56
-
-
-
0.66
-
-
-
0.86
-
-
-
NMOG111
-
0.180
0.107
-
0.230
0.143
0.072
-
0.280
0.167
0.084
-
0.330
0.197
0.100
-
0.430
0.257
0.130
CO
5.0
5.0
2.5
6.4
6.4
6.4
3.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
3.7
8.1
8.1
8.1
4.1
10.3
10.3
10.3
5.2
NOx
0.55
0.6
0.3
0.98
1141 0.6
0.6
0.3
1.53
1161 0.9
0.9
0.45
1.81
1181 1.0
1.0
0.5
2.77
1201 1.5
1.5
0.7
PM
1101 0.08
1101 0.08
1101 0.04
1101 0.10
1101 0.10
1101 0.05
1101 0.05
1101 0.12
1101 0.12
1101 0.06
1101 0.06
1101 0.12
1101 0.12
1101 0.06
1101 0.06
1101 0.12
1101 0.12
1101 0.06
1101 0.06
HCHO
0.022
0.012
0.027
0.013
0.006
0.032
0.016
0.008
0.040
0.021
0.010
0.052
0.026
0.013
-------
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
California Exhaust Emission Standards Implementation Schedule for
Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles
California
Vehicle
Type
PC
&
LDT1
LDT2
MDV1
MDV5
MDV2
&
MDV3
Test
Procedure
FTP
SFTP
FTP
SFTP [25]
FTP
SFTP
Emission
Category
TierO
Tierl
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
Tierl
TLEV
LEV [231
ULEV [231
TierO
Tierl
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
Tierl
TLEV
LEV [231
ULEV [231
TierO
Tierl
LEV [231
CULEV [23]
C SULEV [231
C LEV [231
CULEV [231
SULEV [23]
Model Year
1992
100%
100%
100%
1993
60% Max
40% Min
60% Max
40% Min
100%
1994
20% Max
* 80% Min
0.250
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
r
20% Max
* 80% Min
0.320
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
100%
1995
0%
i
0.231
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
r
0%
L
0.295
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
50% Max
50% Min
1996
i
0.225
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
r
k
0.287
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
0%
100%
1997
i
0.202
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
r
i
0.260
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
100%
1998
i
0.157
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
r
L
0.205
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
73% Max
25% Min
2% Min
1999
0.113
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
1
0.150
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
48% Max
50% Min
2% Min
2000
i
0.073
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
r
k
0.099
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
23% Max
75% Min
2% Min
2001
0.070
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
* 25% Min
* 25% Min
0.098
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
* 25% Min
'
* 25% Min
1
0%
80% Max
20% Min
2002
0.068
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
* 50% Min
* 50% Min
0.095
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
* 50% Min
'
* 50% Min
1
70% Max
30% Min
2003
0.062
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
1 10% Min
* 85% Min
* 85% Min
0.093
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
* 85% Min
'
* 85% Min
1
60% Max
40% Min
i
25% Min
'
2004 | 2005 | 2006
LEV 2 Requirements Begin
:>ee www.arb.ca.gov/cgi/search.exe
-------
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA420-B-00-001
February 2000
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
Footnotes to the tables of emission standards
Page 1 of 8
1. NMHC FOR DIESEL CYCLE VEHICLES
2. THCE FOR METHANOL VEHICLES
3. THCE FOR TIER 0 METHANOL VEHICLES, NMHCE FOR OTHER ALCOHOL VEHICLES
4. APPLIES TO DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY
5. DOES NOT APPLY TO CNG VEHICLES
6. CNG VEHICLES ONLY
7. 1.0 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR
8. DOES NOT APPLY TO DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES
9. 1.25 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR
10. DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES ONLY
11. METHANOL AND ETHANOL VEHICLES ONLY
12. GASOLINE VEHICLES ONLY
13. 0.7 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
14. 1.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
15. 1.1 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
16. 1.5 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
17. 1.3 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
18. 1.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
19. 2.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
20. 2.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997
21. 1.48 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES
22. 2.07 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES
23. OTHER EQUIVALENT SCHEDULES ALLOWED.
24. PC/LDV MAY BE COMBINED WITH LDT1 & LDT2 FOR TIER 1 PHASE-IN
25. PC/LDV & LDT1 COMBINED WITH LDT2 FOR SFTP PHASE-IN
26. STANDARDS APPLY AT A USEFUL LIFE OF 11 YEARS / 120,000 MILES
27. GASOLINE AND DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY
28. TOTAL HC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF TEST DATA)
29. PARTICULATES COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED FOR NON-DIESEL CYCLE
VEHICLES (IN LIEU OF SUPPLYING ACTUAL TEST DATA)
30. SPECIAL NMOG STANDARDS APPLY TO DUAL & FLEXIBLE FUEL VEHICLES, SEE
40 CFR 88.104-94 (h) & (i)
31. DUAL & FLEXIBLE FUEL VEHICLES MAY MEET NEXT HIGHER (LESS STRINGENT)
NMOG STANDARD WHEN OPERATING ON GASOLINE.
32. 0.10 GM/MILE PARTICULATE STANDARD APPLIES TO NON-DIESEL VEHICLES
33. SPECIAL EVAPORATIVE REQUIREMENTS APPLY (5.0 GRAMS MAX WITH THE
EVAPORATIVE SYSTEM DISCONNECTED)
34. HIGHWAY NOx EMISSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 1.33 TIMES THE APPLICABLE FTP
(CITY) NOx STANDARDS
35. COLD CO EMISSIONS FOR GASOLINE FUELED VEHICLES SHALL NOT EXCEED 10.0
GR/MI (LDV, LDT1, LDT2) OR 12.5 GM/MI (LDT3 & LDT4) AT 50K MILES
-------
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
Footnotes to the tables of emission standards - Continued
Page 2 of 8
36. CALIFORNIA OBD-II SYSTEM REQUIRED, REF 40 CFR 86.1717-99
37. FEDERAL OBD SYSTEM REQUIRED BEGINNING WITH 1994 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES,
REF 40 CFR 86.1806-01
38. IDLE CO EMISSIONS FROM GASOLINE, METHANOL, CNG & LPG TRUCKS SHALL
NOT EXCEED 0.50 PERCENT EXHAUST GAS AT 120K MILES/11 YEARS
COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF ACTUAL TEST DATA)
39. CERTIFICATION SHORT TEST (CST) EMISSIONS FROM GASOLINE VEHICLES SHALL
NOT EXCEED 100 PPM HC OR 0.50 PERCENT EXHAUST GAS CO AT IDLE AND
2500 RPM AT 4K MILES; COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF DATA)
40. TIER 1, NLEV & CFV VEHICLES MUST MEET TIER 1 EMISSION STANDARDS AT HIGH
ALTITUDE; TIER 0 VEHICLES MUST MEET SPECIAL HIGH ALTITUDE STANDARDS;
COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF ACTUAL TEST DATA)
41. NLEV AND CFV (LDV, LDT1, LDT2) VEHICLES MUST MEET SPECIAL 50 DEC F
EMISSION STANDARDS AT 4K MILES (NOT APPLICABLE TO DIESEL, CNG, OR
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES); REF. 40 CFR 86.1708 & 1709-99 (b)(l)(iv)
42. SPECIAL INTERIM IN-USE EMISSION STANDARDS APPLY TO 1999 LEV AND 1999 TO
2002 ULEV VEHICLES; REF. 40 CFR 86.1808 & 1809-99(C) AS CORRECTED IN EPA
GUIDANCE LETTER VPCD-98-03, APRIL 8, 1998.
43. TIER 0 AND TIER 1 EMISSION STANDARDS DO NOT APPLY TO ETHANOL VEHICLES
44. SMALL VOLUME MANUFACTURER EXEMPT UNTIL LAST YEAR OF PHASE-IN.
45. NOT APPLICABLE TO LOW VOMUME MANUFACTURERS (MANUFACTURERS WITH
ANNUAL NATIONWIDE SALES OF CARS & LLDTs OF 40,000 UNITS OR LESS)
46. EARLY CREDITS AVAILABLE, REF. 40 CFR 86.1710-99(C)(7) & (8) AS CORRECTED IN
EPA GUIDANCE LETTER VPCD-98-03, APRIL 8, 1998.
47. COMPLIANCE REQUIRED FOR NLEV AND CFV FLEXIBLE FUELED VEHICLES
UNDER DEFEAT DEVICE REGULATIONS, REF. 40 CFR 86.1809-01.
48. WAIVERS ALLOWED IF CERTIFIED TO ORVR STANDARDS, REF. 40 CFR 86.1810-01(L)
49. MUST MEET ANSI/AGA NGV1 RECEPTICLE REQUIREMENTS, REF. 40CFR 86.1810 (K)
50. WAIVERS ALLOWED; REF 40 CFR 86.1810-01 (M)
51. 2.6 GRAMS PER TEST AT HIGH ALTITUDE PRIOR TO 1996 MODEL YEAR
-------
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
Abbreviations used in the tables of emission standards
Page 3 of 8
ALVW Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight
CFV Clean Fueled Vehicle
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CO Carbon Monoxide
E10 A mixture of 10% ethanol and 90 % gasoline
E85 A mixture of 85% ethanol and 15 % gasoline
FTP Federal Test Procedure
GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
HCHO Formaldehyde
HDV Heavy-duty Vehicle [California definition] [federal definition]
HLDT Heavy Light-duty Truck
ILEV Inherently Low Emission Vehicle
LOT Light-duty Truck [California definition] [federal definition]
LDT1 Light-duty Truck 1
LDT2 Light-duty Truck 2
LDT3 Light-duty Truck 3
LDT4 Light-duty Truck 4
LDV Light-duty Vehicle
LLDT Light Light-duty Truck
LEV Low Emission Vehicle
LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas (Propane)
LVW Loaded Vehicle Weight
MDV Medium-duty Vehicle
M10 A mixture of 10% methanol and 90 % gasoline
M85 A mixture of 85% methanol and 15 % gasoline
NLEV National Low Emission Vehicle
NMHC Non-methane Hydrocarbon
NMOG Non-methane Organic Gases
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
ORVR Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery
PC Passenger Car
PM Particulate Matter
SFTP Supplemental Federal Test Procedure
SULEV Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle
THC Total Hydrocarbon
THCE Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent
TLEV Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle
TW Test Weight
ULEV Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle
ZEV Zero-Emission Vehicle
-------
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
Federal Definitions
Page 4 of 8
Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight (ALVW)
The numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
[Note: The federal "adjusted loaded vehicle weight" definition is identical to the California definition for "test
weight."]
Approach Angle
The smallest angle in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is
standing and a line tangent to the front tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the automobile
forward of the front tire. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Axle Clearance
The vertical distance from the level surface on which an automobile is standing to the lowest point on the axle
differential of the automobile. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Basic Vehicle Frontal Area
The area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis, which includes tires
but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (40 CFR
86.1803-01)
Breakover Angle
The supplement of the largest angle, in the plan side view of an automobile, that can be formed by two lines
tangent to the front and rear static loaded radii arcs and intersecting at a point on the underside of the
automobile. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Clean Fueled Vehicle (CFV) Program
The Federal program established to promote the sales of low emission vehicles in the State of California
(California Pilot Program) and to promote the sales of LEV, ILEV and ULEV vehicles in twenty-two metropolitan
areas in the United States (the Clean Fuel Fleet Program). (40 CFR Part 88) Eighteen areas have opted out of the
Clean Fuel Fleet Program. The four areas which have adopted federal Clean Fuel Fleet programs are Atlanta, GA;
Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL/IN; Denver-Boulder, CO; and the Milwaukee-Racine, WI metropolitan areas.
Departure Angle
The smallest angle, in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is
standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the automobile
rearward of the rear tire. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Federal Test Procedure (FTP)
The test procedure as described in 40 CFR 86.130-00 paragraphs (a) through (d) and (f) which is designed to
measure urban driving tail pipe exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions over the Urban Dynamoneter
Driving Schedule as described in 40 CFR Part 86 Appendix I. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle. (40 CFR
86.1803-01)
Heavy Light Duty Truck (HLDT)
Heavy light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated greater than 6,000 Ibs GVWR. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV)
Any motor vehicle rated at more than 8,500 pounds GVWR or that has a vehicle curb weight of more than 6000
pounds or that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45 square feet. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Incomplete Truck
Any truck which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
-------
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
Federal Definitions - Continued
Page 5 of 8
Low Emission Vehicle (LEV)
Any vehicle certified to low-emission standards.
Light Light Duty Truck (LLDT)
Light light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated up through 6,000 Ibs GVWR. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
[Note: The definition for this category of trucks is essentially identical to the California definition for "light-duty
truck.")
Light Duty Truck (LOT)
Any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR or less which has a vehicle curb weight of 6,000 pounds or less
and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or less, which is:
(1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivation of such a vehicle, or
(2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a capacity of more than 12 persons, or
(3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Light Duty Truck 1 (LDT1)
Any light light-duty truck up through 3,750 Ibs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Light Duty Truck 2 (LDT2)
Any light light-duty truck greater than 3,750 Ibs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Light Duty Truck 3 (LDT3)
Any heavy light-duty truck up through 5,750 Ibs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Light Duty Truck 4 (LDT4)
Any heavy light-duty truck greater than 5,750 Ibs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Light Duty Vehicle (LDV)
A passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 passengers or less. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
[Note: The federal "light-duty vehicle" definition is essentially identical to the California definition for "passenger
car."]
Loaded Vehicle Weight (LVW)
The vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) Program
The National Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) program is a voluntary program to introduce cleaner
cars and light trucks in all parts of the country. Under the agreement between the States and automobile
manufacturers, manufacturers began selling cleaner model year 1999 and 2000 cars and trucks in Connecticut,
Delaware, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, and the District of
Columbia. (Massachusetts, New York, Vermont and Maine adopted California emission standards beginning
in the 1999, 1999, 2000 and 2001 model years, respectively.) Twenty-four of the largest automobile
manufacturers have voluntarily entered into the NLEV program. In model year 2001 to 2003 automobile
manufacturers will voluntarily sell these cleaner cars and trucks in the 45 states nationwide which are
participating in the NLEV program. Although the automobile manufacturers volunteered for the program,
the lower emission levels and other requirements of the NLEV program are enforceable like any other federal
new vehicle program. The NLEV program will continue to exist until the cleaner Federal Tier 2 emission
standards become effective in the 2004 model year. (40 CFR Part 86 Subpart R)
-------
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
Federal Definitions - Continued
Page 6 of 8
Non Methane Organic Gases (NMOG)
The total mass of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions.
SC03 Cycle
The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 and listed in Appendix I, paragraph (a), of 40 CFR part 86, which is
designed to represent driving immediately following startup, in 95 degrees F ambient conditions with the vehicle
air conditioning on. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Special Features Enabling Off Street Or Off Highway Operation And Use
A vehicle:
(1) That has 4-wheel drive; and
(2) That has at least four of the following characteristics calculated when the automobile is at curb weight, on a
level surface, with the front wheels parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and the tires inflated to the
manufacturer's recommended pressure;
(i) Approach angle of not less than 28 degrees;
(ii) Breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees;
(iii) Departure angle of not less than 20 degrees;
(iv) Running clearance of not less than 8 inches;
(v) Front and rear axle clearances of not less than 7 inches each. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure
The additional test procedures designed to measure emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving, as
described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 over the US06 cycle, and also the test procedure designed to measure urban driving
emissions while the vehicle's air conditioning system is operating, as described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 over the SC03
cycle. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Transitional Low Emission Vehicle (TLEV)
Any vehicle certified to transitional low-emission standards.
Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV)
Any vehicle certified to ultra-low emission standards.
US06
The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 and listed in appendix 1, paragraph (g) of 40 CFR part 86, which is
designed to evaluate emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Vehicle Curb Weight (VCW)
The actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all standard
equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional equipment computed in
accordance with 40 CFR 86.082-24; incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the
manufacturer. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Zero emission vehicle (ZEV)
Any vehicle certified to zero-emission standards.
-------
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
California Definitions
Page 7 of 8
Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV)
Any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating greater than 6000 pounds, except
passenger cars.
Incomplete Vehicle
Any vehicle which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. In situations where
individual marketing relationships makes the status of the vehicle questionable, the Executive Officer shall
determine whether a specific model complies with the definition of incomplete vehicle.
Light Duty Truck (LOT)
Any motor vehicle, rated at 6000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less, which is designed primarily for purposes of
transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling off-
street or off-highway operation and use.
[Note: The California "light-duty truck" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition for "light light-
duty truck."]
Light Duty Truck 1 (LDT1)
Any light-duty truck up through 3,750 Ibs loaded vehicle weight.
[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an official sense. However,
they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the
federal regulations do, so these terms are applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.]
Light Duty Truck 2 (LDT2)
Any light-duty truck greater than 3,750 Ibs loaded vehicle weight.
[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an official sense. However,
they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the
federal regulations do, so these terms are applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.]
Low Emission Vehicle (LEV)
Any vehicle certified to low-emission standards.
Medium Duty Vehicle (MDV)
Any pre-1995 model year heavy-duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 8,500 pounds
or less, any 1992 and subsequent model year heavy-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-
emission or zero-emission vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or less, or
any 1995 and subsequent model year heavy duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of
14,000 pounds or less. Medium-duty vehicles are subdivided into five classes (MDV1-MDV5) based on vehicle
test weight.
Non Methane Organic Gases (NMOG)
The total mass of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions.
Passenger Car (PC)
Any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design capacity of 12 persons or
less.
[Note: The California "passenger car" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition for "light-duty
vehicle."!
-------
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards
California Definitions - Continued
PageSof 8
Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV)
Any medium-duty vehicle certified to super-ultra-low-emission standards.
Test Weight (TW)
The average of the vehicle's curb weight and gross vehicle weight.
[Note: The California "test weight" definition is identical to the federal definition of "adjusted loaded vehicle
weight."]
Transitional Low Emission Vehicle (TLEV)
Any vehicle certified to transitional low-emission standards.
Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV)
Any vehicle certified to ultra-low emission standards.
Zero emission vehicle (ZEV)
Any vehicle certified to zero-emission standards.
------- |