National Clean Diesel Campaign
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Clean Ports USA
Navigating Toward Cleaner Air
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Because there are so many ways to reduce diesel emissions,
every port can find a way to participate in the Clean Ports
USA program. Technological strategies can yield savings
in fuel and maintenance costs, while operational
strategies that decrease turn-times and improve
efficiency can help mitigate
capacity constraints."
Meredith Martina, Manager of Government Relations
and Environmental Policy,
American Association of Port Authorities *-
R;
Why Reduce
Diesel Emissions
from Ports?
.educing exposure to diesel exhaust
from vehicles and equipment at ports
is an important public health and
environmental goal. Diesel exhaust is likely to
be carcinogenic to humans. The exhaust contains
particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx),
which increase ozone levels and contribute to regional
haze. This pollution has been linked to a range of seri-
ous respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, including
chronic bronchitis and aggravated asthma.
EPA supports the reduction of diesel emissions through
Clean Ports USA. In addition, EPA's SmartWay Transport
Partnership, which works closely with Clean Ports USA, chal-
lenges freight companies operating at ports to improve the envi-
ronmental performance of their fleets and to move goods more effi-
ciently. Innovative ports are developing emissions inventories and
taking advantage of the emissions reduction opportunities available
through initiatives supported by EPA. As a result of their voluntary
actions, port leaders are receiving national recognition for developing
and implementing strategies to measure and reduce emissions.
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Why You Should Take
Action Now
Looking ahead, U.S. international waterborne freight is forecasted to
double by 2020. As cargo volumes rise, port authorities will continue to
face the challenge of increasing cargo movement efficiency and enhanc-
ing environmental quality. You can be part of the solution and earn
recognition by taking action now. We can assist you to minimize the
effects of freight movement on public health and the environment.
Lower the public health risks for asthma, respiratory illnesses, and
cardiovascular disease for port employees and your community.
Q- Improve your porfs bottom line by saving fuel and increasing
operational efficiency, while decreasing diesel emissions.
O- Enhance relationships with neighboring communities while meet-
ing customers' needs.
Meeting national clean air goals will
result in substantial public health
benefits, and ports play a key role.
Through the voluntary National Clean Diesel Campaign,
EPA is working with port authorities, terminal operators, and
trucking and rail companies to promote cleaner diesel technologies
and strategies through education, incentives, and financial assis-
tance for diesel emission reduction at ports. EPA also encourages
port operators to use SmartWay Partners to transport freight.
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Each port is unique. A wide selection of cost-effective approaches,
operational strategies, and technology solutions can be tailored to
fit the needs of your port. These solutions and strategies help
reduce diesel emissions from cargo handling equipment, ferries,
trucks, rail yards, and marine vessels, while they support the business
interests of your port.
Cost-Effective Strategies
ir emission reduction strategies are cost-effective, offer opera-
tional efficiencies, and benefit ports through improvements in
equipment maintenance, safety, and reliability.
Information technology (IT) solutions in gate management, cargo
tracking, and employee identification are being used to improve oper-
ational efficiency. IT strategies also help the environment by reducing
unnecessary engine idling and by shortening queuing lines.
A
D
Technology Strategies
iesel emissions can be dramatically reduced by a variety of
technologies. These include the use of cleaner fuels and retro-
fitting, repowering, or replacing equipment.
O-Cleaner Fuel strategies utilize cleaner fuels such as ultra-low
sulfur diesel (ULSD), emulsified fuel, biodiesel, and natural gas.
O- Retrofit strategies use aftertreatment technologies on existing
equipment or vehicles to reduce PM, NOx, greenhouse gases, and
other pollutants. EPA verifies the emission performance of retrofit
technologies through rigorous third-party testing and evaluation.
Q-Repower strategies replace an older engine with a newer,
cleaner engine; an engine that uses cleaner fuel; or a highway
engine manufactured to stricter standards where the nonroad
engine duty cycle fits.
O- Replacement strategies retire the old diesel equipment and
replace it with new, more efficient diesel equipment that meets
newer, more stringent EPA standards.
Q- Rebuild strategies maintain proper tuning and handling of the
engine for better efficiency and lower emissions. Engines that are
properly maintained and tuned perform better and typically emit
less PM and other pollutants.
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CLEANPI
Learn from Port L
Port Authority of New York
& New Jersey
The Port Authority of New
York & New Jersey has
spearheaded infrastructure
improvements at its marine
terminal facilities, while also
benefiting from the voluntary
actions of its tenants. For example,
the Port Authority embarked on a multi-million
dollar rail enhancement program and a Port
Inland Distribution Network System using barges
and railcars. Both projects reduce air emissions by
taking trucks off the road.
What are the Benefits?
Although the number of pieces in the tenants'
2004 nonroad fleets has increased by 19 percent
since 2002, the average number of operating
hours has increased by 5 percent, and the total
number of containers has increased by 25 percent,
overall emission estimates for key pollutants, in tons
per year, have decreased significantly through vol-
untary fleet modernization. For example:
NOx has been reduced by 31 percent.
PM, carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile
organic compounds (VOC) have been reduced
by 32 percent.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been reduced by
35 percent.
Georgia Ports
The Georgia Ports Auth
meets customer needs b
implementing a Web
Access Gate Managemi
System that improves ef
ciency and increases thi
number of gate transact
per hour.
What are the Bene
Gate appointments use
and alert terminals in a
drop-off cargo, reducin
and idle emissions. Cus
skyrocketed since the in
management system the
Cuts processing time
trucks.
Shortens queuing lin<
terminal operational
Saves 3,020 gallons
NOx per day. This is
tion that 5,500 truck:
peak day, cutting 40
www.epa.gov/c
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DRTSUSA
eaders' Successes
Authority
ions
Fits?
a Web-based system
dvance for pick-up and
g unnecessary waits
tomer satisfaction has
itroduction of the gate
it:
greatly for entering
35 through increased
efficiency.
of fuel and a half-ton of
based on the assump-
; pass through on a
minutes in idling time.
Port of Long Beach
Recipient of the 2005 EPA
Environmental Achievement
Award and 2004 American
Association of Port Author-
ities Environmental Improve-
ment Award, the Port of Long
Beach (POLB) installed more
than 600 diesel oxidation cata-
lysts on its cargo handling equipment and plans to
install more. POLB also uses cleaner fuels, such as
emulsified diesel fuel, on cargo-handling equip-
ment for additional air pollution reduction benefits.
What are the Benefits?
Reduced PM emissions by 50 percent and NOx
emissions by 20 percent using a combination of
emulsified diesel fuel and diesel oxidation catalysts.
Extended engine life and reduced maintenance
costs by using lower sulfur fuels.
Reduced PM by 15 tons per year.*
Reduced NOx by 44 tons per year.*
Received federal and state funding for diesel emis-
sion reduction projects, in addition to $1 million in
port funding.
Improved community relations.
leandiesel/ports
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E
Operational Strategies
missions can be reduced by implementing operational strategies
that maximize the efficient use of port equipment and vehicles
while the flow of cargo is optimized.
O- Container Management is achieved by better use of IT,
the use of stacking practices (rail or barge), and direct intermodal
transfers to reduce container movement.
O- Efficient Freight Movement can result in emission reduc-
tions if cleaner technology is used by truck, barge, or rail systems
to transport materials. Ports may want to plan for on-dock rail, in
lieu of trucks, and ensure that full rail loads leave the port.
-O-Truck Idle-Reduction is achieved by implementing gate effi-
ciencies, terminal designs, and Web-based appointment systems or
chassis pools that shorten queuing lines and result in less idling. Ports
can also introduce idling-reduction rules, use idle reduction technolo-
gies, or simply call for voluntary action on the part of drivers.
O- Shoreside Power uses dock-side electricity to power auxiliary
devices for marine vessels. This method is referred to as "cold iron-
ing," a ship-to-shore power connection system that allows the ship to
"plug in" to an alternative power source and can require substantial
infrastructure investment for both ports and vessels.
Did You Know?
Switching to fuels that contain lower levels of sulfur reduces
SO2 and PM emissions and enhances the effectiveness of
retrofit technologies.
Low sulfur fuels have a cleaning effect on
the engine that reduces maintenance costs
and extends oil change intervals.
Diesel particulate filters with ULSD reduce
PM by 60 to 90 percent.
Diesel oxidation catalysts reduce PM
by 10 to 50 percent.
Eliminating unnecessay truck idling can save
thousands of gallons of diesel fuel per day.
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66At the Port of New York and New Jersey, we
view diesel emission reduction initiatives as a
win-win situation: they benefit the environ-
ment and are supported by a business case to
modernize equipment and infrastructure."
03
cx
Joseph Monaco, Manager of Environmental Projects, EL
Port Authority of New York & New Jersey 3
Through Clean Ports USA, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is partnering with port authorities and terminal
operators to reduce diesel emissions at our nation's ports.
Clean Ports USA is one component of EPA's National Clean
Diesel Campaign, a voluntary initiative designed to reduce
f/ie pollution emitted from diesel engines across f/ie country, through
f/ie implementation of varied control strategies and f/ie sustained
involvement of national, state, and local partners.
National Clean Diesel Campaign
How Do I Get More Information?
Visit www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
to find detailed information about
the National Clean Diesel Campaign.
November 2005
EPA-420-F-05-033
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