United States Air and Radiation EPA420-R-01-027
Environmental Protection April 2001
Agency M6.EXH.005
vvEPA Basic Exhaust Emission
Rates of Open Loop
Vehicles for MOBILE6:
Exhaust Emissions at High and
Low Altitudes for Engine
Starts and Running
Emissions for Motorcycles,
Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles and
Trucks and Pre-1981 Model
Year Light-Duty Gasoline
Vehicles and Trucks
> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
EPA420-R-01-027
April 2001
of
for
at for
and for Light-Duty
and Trucks and Pre™1981 Light-Duty
M6.EXH.005
David Brzezinski
John Gilmore
Assessment and Standards Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended, to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
"Open loop" is a term that refers to vehicles which do not use electronic feedback
systems to control the delivery of fuel to the engine cylinders. Most current light-duty vehicles
make use of feedback systems. However, motorcycles, older light-duty vehicles and most diesel
vehicles are open-loop. This report discusses how the basic rates for both engine starts and
exhaust running emissions for these open loop vehicles will be estimated for MOBILE6. The
MOBILE6 basic exhaust emission rates for heavy duty trucks and 1981 and newer model year
gasoline fueled passenger cars and light-duty trucks are discussed in separate reports.
2.0 DATA SOURCES
In order to calculate the exhaust running emissions and the effect of engine start on
exhaust emissions it is necessary to know the emissions from vehicles measured with and
without the effect of an engine start. This can be estimated using the individual bag results from
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) testing. However, the data from each individual bag of the FTP
were not always saved, since only the composite results are usually needed. Since individual bag
data is not available, it is not possible to use all of the data used to develop the basic emission
rates used in MOBILES to develop the factors needed to determine the exhaust running
emissions and the effect of engine start on exhaust emissions separately.
2.1 Motorcycles
The most recent available FTP test data on motorcycles was used in this report. These
data were obtained from a series of tests performed on 25 motorcycles from various
manufacturers in 1996 and 1997 for the California Air Resources Board (CARB) by Northern
California Diagnostic Laboratories and California Environmental Engineering. The tests
included motorcycles from model years 1992 through 1995. The tested motorcycles had an
average mileage of slightly less than 12,000 miles, with a mileage range from 981 to 47,594
miles.
None of the motorcycle testing information used to develop the basic emission rates used
in MOBILES included the emission rates by FTP bag. As a result, only the results from the
recent California testing were available to be used to determine the split between exhaust running
versus engine start emissions.
2.2 Diesels
A total of forty Light Duty Diesel Vehicles (LDDV) were tested using the FTP at two
sites in two different time periods. Twenty 1967-1975 Diesel LDVS were tested in Phoenix by
Auto Testing Laboratories (ATL) in November and December of 1977 and twenty 1980 models
were tested in Ann Arbor at the EPA's National Vehicle Fuel and Emissions Laboratory
M6.EXH.005 2 April,2001
-------
(NVFEL) during July, August and September of 1983. The Phoenix vehicles had an average
mileage of 86,300 miles with a range from 14,000 to 369,000 miles; the Ann Arbor vehicles had
an average mileage of 70,000 with a range from 40,600 to 119,000 miles. These same data were
used to develop the basic emission rates used in MOBILES.
2.3 Pre-1981 Model Year Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
More than 12,000 vehicle tests from the EPA Emission Factor program for pre-1981
model year light-duty gasoline fueled passenger cars and light-duty gasoline fueled trucks which
included individual bag-by-bag FTP results were used for this analysis. However, the sample
size was small for some model year groupings, especially for high altitude areas. These same
data were used to develop the basic emission rates used in MOBILES. Sample sizes for these
vehicles are shown in the tables.
3.0 METHODOLOGY
In addition to the FTP data described in Section 2.0, additional FTP test results, which do
not have individual bag-by-bag breakouts of emissions, were used to develop the basic emission
factor rates found in the MOBILES model. In order to include all of the available data, a
methodology which begins with the basic emission factor emission rates in MOBILES was
chosen as the basis for the composite emission rates estimated for MOBILE6 for motorcycles,
light-duty diesel vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks.
The specific bag-by-bag data were used to estimate the allocation of the basic emission rate into
the portion that represents the effect of engine start and the exhaust running emissions. These
allocations were then applied to the existing MOBILES emission factor estimates.
This section of the report describes the methodology used to develop the factors used to
transform the "zero mile level" (ZML) emissions and "deterioration rates" (DET) used in the
basic exhaust emission factors in MOBILES to rates applicable to MOBILE6. All of the
MOBILES emission rates for the vehicle classes and model years covered in this analysis are
simple linear estimates versus mileage. The emission rates for both engine start and running
emissions for the vehicle classes and model years covered in this analysis are also assumed to be
linear. The model year groupings used in the analysis (and shown in the tables) are taken directly
from the groupings used for the basic emission rates in MOBILES. These are based on changes
in technology (i.e., introduction of catalysts) and changes in the exhaust emission standards. The
model year grouping will sometimes vary depending on the pollutant.
An FTP estimate can be made by summing the exhaust running emission rate (in grams
per mile) with a weighted engine start emission estimate (converted to grams per mile). A
composite FTP value contains a portion (43%) of the emissions from an engine start after a 12-
hour soak and a portion (57%) of the emissions from an engine start after a 10 minute soak. The
basic exhaust emission rate from an engine start in MOBILE6 represents only emissions from a
M6.EXH.005 3 April,2001
-------
12-hour soak. The emissions from a 10 minute soak must be calculated from the 12 hour soak
and the two results appropriately weighted. Then, the results (in grams) must be divided by 7.49
miles (the length of the LA4 trip) to be converted to grams per mile.
3.1 Engine Start Emissions Fraction
Recent testing by EPA has included the measurement of emissions on fully warmed
vehicles over the first 505 seconds of the FTP driving cycle without the inclusion of an engine
start (a "Hot Running 505"). These results can be directly compared to Bag 1 and Bag 3 of the
FTP (which contain the effects of an engine start) to determine the emission impact of engine
start on the emissions of a trip. These data have been used to develop a relationship between the
emission impact of engine starts and the measured FTP emissions. This relationship is described
in the report, "The Determination of Hot Running Emissions From FTP Bag Emissions,"
(M6.STE.002). Older model years of light-duty vehicles, diesel vehicles or motorcycles were not
included in recent testing. However, the same technique can be used to help estimate the effect
of engine starts for these other vehicle classes as well.
The Federal Test Procedure is basically a single LA4 cycle trip containing a mix of
engine start emissions. The engine start portion of the FTP (the first 505 seconds of the LA4 or
the "505") makes up about 48% of the miles traveled during the LA4 (3.59 miles in the 505,
divided by the total 7.49 miles in the LA4). Both Bag 1 and Bag 3 of the FTP use the same
driving cycle (505) and contain an engine start. The FTP assumes that 43% of the trips start with
an engine off soak time of at least 12 hours (a "cold" start), which is represented by Bag 1, and
the remaining starts are represented by Bag 3 (a "hot" start after a 10 minute soak). So, any
emissions from Bag 1 (in grams per mile) must be weighted by the fraction of travel represented
by the 505 (48%) and the fraction of trips that begin after a 12 hour soak period (43%), or 20.6%
(48% times 43%). Those familiar with the MOBILE model may recognize this fraction as the
default VMT normally assigned to the "cold" start operating mode.
The calculation of Start Emissions is based on the assumption that, on average, the effect
on emissions that is attributable to an engine start can be represented by a simple fraction of total
FTP emissions, which includes the effects of engine starts. The basic engine start emission rate
in MOBILE6 is meant to represent the effect on exhaust emissions from the first engine start in
the FTP, after a 12 hour soak period. The effect of engine start on emissions is defined to be that
fraction of the total emissions collected during the FTP represented by the portion of the Bag 1
emissions that remains when emissions measured over the same driving cycle, on a fully warm
engine without an engine start, are subtracted from it.
The formula used to obtain the engine start emission fraction is therefore:
(1) Engine Start Emissions Fraction = ( ( Bagl - HR505 ) * 0.479 ) / FTP
M6.EXH.005 4 April,2001
-------
Bag 1 is the emissions measured in the first 505 seconds of the FTP, HR505 is the
emissions measured for the Hot Running 505 (a driving cycle containing no engine starts), 0.479
is the proportion of the FTP VMT attributable to Bag 1 (0.206) and Bag 3 (0.273), and FTP is the
composite Federal Test Procedure emissions. All emissions are in grams per mile.
Using coefficients described in the report, "The Determination of Hot Running Emissions
From FTP Bag Emissions," (M6.STE.002), the HR505 results were estimated using the average
FTP bag information from the available vehicle samples. Using this HR505 estimate and the
average FTP bag information, the Engine Start Emission Fraction for motorcycles, light-duty
diesel vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks could be
calculated. The fraction represents the fraction of total grams measured in a full FTP which are
the grams added to the first bag of the FTP from an engine cold start.
Table 1 shows the results of the calculation of the Engine Start Emissions Fraction for
light-duty diesel vehicles, motorcycles and the older (pre-1981 model year) gasoline passenger
cars and light-duty trucks.
The Engine Start Emissions Fraction and the Exhaust Running Emissions Fraction
(discussed below) will not sum to one. The reason is that a simple addition of cold start
emissions and LA4 running emissions will not equal the composite FTP results. The FTP
includes two engine starts, one after a 12 hour period without the engine running (12-hour soak)
and one after a 10 minute soak. The MOBILE6 model will have explicit emission rates for the
12 hour soak engine start emission effects and the exhaust running emission rate. The effect of
engine starts with soak times of less than 12 hours are calculated from the 12-hour soak estimate
using correction factors within MOBILE6. These correction factors are discussed in the report,
"The Determination of Start Emissions as a Function of Mileage and Soak Time for 1981-1993
Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles," (M6.STE.003). In this way, a variety of soak times can be
modeled using MOBILE6.
3.2 Exhaust Running Emissions Fraction
The calculation of Exhaust Running Emissions for motorcycles, light-duty diesel vehicles
and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks is based on the
assumption that, on average, the basic exhaust running emissions rate can be represented by the
total FTP emissions less the fraction of emission attributable to the effects of engine starts (both
cold and hot starts). The previous section describes how the fraction of emissions attributable to
the effects of engine start are estimated.
The effect of engine start on emissions is found in both Bag 1 and Bag 3 of the FTP
(Federal Test Procedure). Both the FTP Bag 1 and Bag 3 driving cycle is the first 505 seconds of
the LA4 driving cycle. Emissions measured over the same driving cycle (the 505), on a fully
warm engine without an engine start, is referred to as a Hot Running 505 (HR505). If a HR505
M6.EXH.005 5 April,2001
-------
is substituted for both Bag 1 and Bag 3 in the calculation of FTP emissions, the resulting exhaust
emission rate represents a LA4 trip without the effect of engine starts. This Hot Running LA4
will be used as the basic exhaust running emission rate in MOBILE6.
The driving cycle used for Bag 2 of the FTP makes up about 52.1% of the miles traveled
during the LA4 (3.91 miles in the Bag 2 cycle, divided by the total 7.49 miles in the LA4). Both
Bag 1 and Bag 3 can be replaced by the FIR505 (without engine starts), and weighted by the
remaining VMT in the FTP, or 47.9%, to give the Hot Running LA4 basic exhaust running
emission rate.
The formula used to obtain the exhaust running emission fraction is therefore:
(2) Exhaust Running Emission Fraction = ( (HR505*0.479) + (Bag2*0.521) ) / FTP
HR505 is the emissions measured for the Hot Running 505, 0.479 is the proportion of the
FTP VMT attributable to the Bag 1 and Bag 3, Bag 2 is the emissions measured during the
second bag of the FTP, 0.521 is the proportion of the FTP VMT attributable to the Bag 2 and
FTP is the Federal Test Procedure emissions. All emissions are in grams per mile.
As was done for engine starts, using the coefficients developed from actual measured
HR505 values, the HR505 results can be estimated using FTP bag information. This relationship
is described in the report, "The Determination of Hot Running Emissions From FTP Bag
Emissions," (M6.STE.002). Using this HR505 estimate and the available FTP bag information,
the Exhaust Running Emission Fraction was calculated for motorcycles, light-duty diesel
vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks.
Table 2 shows the results of the calculation of the Exhaust Running Emission Fraction for
motorcycles, light-duty diesel vehicles and pre-1981 model year gasoline passenger cars and
light-duty trucks.
3.3 Calculating Zero Mile Level and Deterioration Rates for MOBILE6
The linear coefficients, zero mile level (ZML) and deterioration (DET) basic emission
rates, in MOBILE6 for light-duty diesel vehicles, motorcycles and the older (pre-1981 model
year) gasoline passenger cars and light-duty trucks are determined using the fractions developed
in the previous sections. The linear basic emission rates (emission factors) in MOBILES (ZML's
and DET's) predict the FTP emissions of these vehicles versus mileage. Using the fractions
developed in the previous sections, the proportion of FTP emissions that are the effect of engine
start and exhaust running emissions were calculated from the MOBILES basic emission rates.
The equations calculate exhaust emission engine start and running emissions from the MOBILES
emission factor coefficients would be:
M6.EXH.005 6 April,2001
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(3) MOBILE6 ZMLS (grams) = MOBILES ZML (g/mi) * X * 7.49 miles
(4) MOBILE6 DETS (grams/1 Ok-mi) = MOBILES DET (g/mi/lOk-mi) * X * 7.49 miles
and
(5) MOBILE6 ZMLR (g/mi) = MOBILES ZML (g/mi) * Y
(6) MOBILE6 DETR (g/mi/1 Ok-mi) = MOBILES DET (g/mi/1 Ok-mi) * Y
where:
X = Engine Start Emissions Fraction
Y = Exhaust Running Emission Fraction
MOBILES ZML = MOBILES emission factor zero mile intercept coefficient (g/mi)
MOBILES DET = MOBILES emission factor deterioration coefficient (g/mi/1 Ok mi)
MOBILE6 ZMLS = MOBILE6 engine start emission zero mile intercept coefficient (grams)
MOBILE6 DETS = MOBILE6 engine start emission deterioration coefficient (grams/1 Ok mi)
MOBILE6 ZMLR = MOBILE6 exhaust running emission zero mile intercept coefficient (g/mi)
MOBILE6 DETR = MOBILE6 exhaust running emission deterioration coefficient (g/mi/1 Ok mi)
The 7.49 miles is the miles in the LA4 driving schedule of the FTP. This multiplication
is necessary to convert the grams per mile of the FTP to grams. The effect of engine start on
emissions in MOBILE6 is expressed in grams.
For some model years there were no data that could be used to determine the appropriate
exhaust running and engine start emission fractions. In these cases, the fractions used for these
model years were taken from similar groupings. For example, we only have bag data for 1992
and newer model year motorcycles. The fractions calculated from these motorcycles will be
applied to all model year motorcycle emission factors from MOBILES. Similarly, light-duty
diesel passenger car results were used for light-duty diesel trucks and low altitude diesel and
motorcycle fractions were used for high altitude estimates.
Table 3 through Table 14 show the results of application of the appropriate exhaust
running and engine start emission fractions to the MOBILES emission factors. The resultant
emission rate coefficients for exhaust running and engine start emissions are used for light-duty
diesel vehicles, motorcycles and the older (pre-1981 model year) gasoline passenger cars and
light-duty trucks in MOBILE6.
M6.EXH.005 7 April,2001
-------
Table 1
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977-79
1980
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
2289
1269
2916
2134
599
10.371
7.838
6.538
5.260
3.189
1.615
113.950
100.338
81.491
65.604
43.874
20.733
4.894
7.503
6.542
5.095
5.263
2.219
6.870
4.745
3.750
2.659
0.829
0.317
20.630
15.994
12.822
10.549
5.109
1.620
4.309
5.837
2.940
2.658
2.568
1.645
10.356
7.276
5.896
4.176
1.682
0.680
114.408
87.482
67.294
51.900
26.304
8.557
4.289
5.394
3.566
3.077
3.041
1.741
0.162
0.204
0.227
0.299
0.672
0.914
0.391
0.462
0.489
0.508
0.706
1.071
0.065
0.148
0.484
0.380
0.425
0.158
M6.EXH.005
April,2001
-------
Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
69
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
69
12.808
10.145
8.942
6.690
4.077
3.355
4.313
2.419
153.912
130.575
128.921
103.537
72..609
44.966
70.976
48.981
6.807
4.641
4.001
3.730
1.712
0.840
1.556
0.463
23.278
17.980
17.571
17.776
10.875
4.825
9.103
5.314
10.114
7.104
6.188
5.712
2.782
1.585
2.607
0.955
129.744
97.410
94.451
91.826
52.409
24.669
45.464
25.672
0.284
0.371
0.382
0.248
0.407
0.761
0.507
0.981
0.483
0.554
0.565
0.448
0.566
0.780
0.652
0.815
M6.EXH.005
April,2001
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Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
114
339
228
367
125
302
89
2.304
4.718
4.919
4.102
5.323
1.945
1.101
2.014
3.472
2.001
1.706
1.472
1.094
0.744
2.046
3.634
2.539
2.158
2.225
1.252
0.820
0.068
0.164
0.551
0.532
0.829
0.327
0.209
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
239
91
239
91
239
91
3.135
2.167
40.727
29.217
3.690
2.554
1.201
0.675
5.596
3.454
2.602
1.839
2.024
1.219
26.576
15.591
2.743
1.950
0.458
0.588
0.634
1.004
0.190
0.176
M6.EXH.005
10
April,2001
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Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
139
68
139
68
139
68
8.681
2.823
103.935
37.444
5.481
2.806
4.195
0.990
10.920
4.070
4.686
1.860
6.355
1.698
61.498
21.143
4.642
1.951
0.338
0.517
0.725
0.757
0.082
0.232
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
28
7
28
7
28
7
3.665
5.113
62.060
98.271
2.429
1.467
1.368
2.035
8.588
13.592
1.658
.922
2.271
3.300
41.724
68.612
1.769
1.015
0.485
0.447
0.614
0.592
0.209
0.258
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1
17
1
17
1
17
10.930
3.913
124.400
74.217
2.910
1.838
5.160
0.777
18.390
6.755
2.54
1.054
7.760
1.590
96.990
35.611
2.520
1.204
0.356
0.945
0.524
0.908
0.070
0.312
M6.EXH.005
11
April,2001
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Table 1 (continued)
Engine Start Emissions Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Sample
Average
Bagl
Emissions
(g/mi)
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Engine
Start
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
THC
CO
NOx
Pre-1981
Pre-1981
Pre-1981
40
40
40
0.712
2.155
1.577
0.397
0.843
1.537
0.688
1.798
1.626
0.220
0.349
0.012
Low Altitude Motorcycles
THC
CO
NOx
All
All
All
25
25
25
1.512
15.563
1.067
0.765
5.055
0.592
1.263
16.597
0.680
0.283
0.306
0.335
M6.EXH.005
12
April,2001
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Table 2
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977-79
1980
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
724
712
896
1950
5050
599
6.870
4.747
3.750
2.659
0.829
0.317
20.630
15.994
12.822
10.549
5.109
1.620
4.309
5.837
2.940
2.658
2.568
1.645
11.130
7.555
6.006
4.010
1.194
0.409
126.404
95.359
72.299
54.242
24.339
5.410
3.522
4.643
2.272
2.171
2.120
1.426
10.360
7.276
5.898
4.176
1.682
0.680
114.408
87.483
67.294
51. .900
26.304
8.557
4.289
5.934
3.566
3.077
3.041
1.741
0.877
0.854
0.835
0.805
0.606
0.537
0.662
0.655
0.651
0.642
0.575
0.420
0.909
0.879
0.727
0.781
0.767
0.879
M6.EXH.005
13
April,2001
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
THC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
89
114
74
128
365
367
125
302
89
6.807
4.641
4.000
3.730
1.712
0.840
1.556
0.463
23.278
17.980
17.571
17.776
10.675
4.825
9.103
5.314
9.850
6.438
5.537
5.443
2.407
1.034
2.155
0.553
126.915
90.971
86.857
91.143
47.023
18.928
37.981
17.821
10.114
7.104
6.188
5.712
2.782
1.585
2.607
0.995
129.744
97.410
94.451
91.826
52.409
24.669
45.464
25.672
0.830
0.785
0.777
0.809
0.746
0.594
0.717
0.512
0.596
0.575
0.567
0.610
0.565
0.493
0.531
0.461
M6.EXH.005
14
April,2001
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
NOx
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
114
74
128
367
125
302
89
2.014
3.472
2.001
1.706
1.472
1.094
0.744
1.688
2.905
1.619
1.417
1.226
0.912
0.658
2.046
3.634
2.539
2.158
2.225
1.252
0.820
0.901
0.874
0.710
0.721
0.604
0.798
0.852
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
239
91
239
91
239
91
1.201
0.675
5.596
3.454
2.602
1.839
1.765
0.946
25.345
12.223
2.010
1.518
2.024
1.219
26.576
15.591
2.743
1.950
0.739
0.670
0.598
0.515
0.836
0.857
M6.EXH.005
15
April,2001
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
1975-78
1979-80
28
7
28
7
28
7
1.368
2.035
8.588
13.592
1.658
0.922
1.804
2.749
36.222
56.314
1.283
0.756
2.271
3.300
41.724
68.612
1.769
1.015
0.703
0.729
0.551
0.523
0.827
0.823
Low Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
139
68
139
68
139
68
4.195
0.990
10.930
4.070
4.686
1.860
6.016
1.422
57.407
17.769
3.462
1.376
6.355
1.698
61.498
21.143
4.642
1.991
0.809
0.716
0.571
0.530
0.872
0.807
High Altitude Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8,500 Ibs. GVW)
THC
THC
CO
CO
NOx
NOx
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
1974-78
1979-80
1
17
1
17
1
17
5.160
0.777
18.390
6.755
2.540
1.056
7.100
0.723
96.000
19.217
1.850
0.925
7.760
1.590
96.990
35.611
2.520
1.204
0.795
0.471
0.607
0.372
0.865
0.821
M6.EXH.005
16
April,2001
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Exhaust Running Emission Fractions
Pollutant
Model
Years
Sample
Size
Calculated
Average
HR505
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Bag 2
Emissions
(g/mi)
Sample
Average
Composite
FTP Emissions
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
Emissions
Fraction
Result
Low Altitude Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
THC
CO
NOx
All
All
All
40
40
40
0.397
0.843
1.537
0.733
1.671
1.712
0.688
1.798
1.626
0.831
0.709
1.001
Low Altitude Motorcycles
THC
CO
NOx
All
All
All
25
25
25
0.765
5.055
0.592
1.216
15.629
0.449
1.263
16.597
0.680
0.792
0.637
0.761
M6.EXH.005
17
April,2001
-------
Table 3
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
Low Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
7.250
4.430
3.000
3.380
1.060
0.360
0.180
0.250
0.370
0.160
0.280
0.205
8.799
6.762
5.092
7.558
5.339
2.466
0.218
0.382
0.628
0.358
1.410
1.404
6.361
3.781
2.506
2.722
0.642
0.193
0.158
0.213
0.309
0.129
0.170
0.110
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
7.250
4.430
3.000
3.360
1.800
0.870
0.180
0.250
0.370
0.170
0.270
0.280
24.869
15.196
10.291
11.525
6.174
3.830
0.617
0.858
1.269
0.583
0.926
1.233
5.356
3.273
2.216
2.482
1.330
0.583
0.133
0.185
0.273
0.126
0.199
0.187
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
9.570
6.280
6.280
0.870
0.180
0.250
0.170
0.280
24.248
15.912
15.912
3.372
0.456
0.633
0.431
1.085
7.746
5.083
5.083
0.623
0.146
0.202
0.138
0.200
M6.EXH.005
18
April,2001
-------
Table 4
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
Low Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982-84
1985-87
1988+
8.78
2.40
1.93
1.65
1.31
1.20
0.75
1.44
1.15
0.95
0.75
0.70
18.643
5.096
4.098
3.503
2.782
2.548
1.592
3.058
2.442
2.017
1.592
1.486
6.952
1.900
1.528
1.306
1.037
0.950
0.594
1.140
0.911
0.752
0.594
0.554
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-79
1980+
1.310
0.420
0.290
0.080
0.070
0.030
2.156
0.691
0.477
0.132
0.115
0.049
1.089
0.349
0.241
0.067
0.058
0.025
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1981
1981+
0.860
0.043
0.080
0.040
1.416
0.708
0.132
0.066
0.715
0.358
0.067
0.033
M6.EXH.005
19
April,2001
-------
Table 5
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Low Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-79
1980
78.270
56.340
42.170
40.940
17.720
6.090
2.250
2.550
3.130
2.350
2.460
1.958
229.196
195.003
154.481
155.909
93.751
48.830
6.589
8.826
11.466
8.949
13.015
15.699
51.815
36.929
27.453
26.279
10.191
2.558
1.490
1.671
2.038
1.508
1.415
0.823
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
78.270
56.340
42.170
40.780
24.550
12.280
2.250
2.550
3.130
2.440
2.590
2.430
371.439
267.368
200.123
193.526
116.505
92.382
10.678
12.101
14.854
11.579
12.291
18.281
46.784
33.676
25.206
24.375
14.674
6.319
1.345
1.524
1.871
1.458
1.548
1.250
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
93.980
60.080
60.080
12.280
225
2.55
2.44
2.43
510.242
326.190
326.190
69.588
12.216
13.845
13.247
13.770
53.707
34.334
34.334
6.509
1.286
1.457
1.394
1.288
M6.EXH.005
20
April,2001
-------
Table 6
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Low Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982+
33.42
24.39
17.51
17.40
3.22
3.56
2.53
2.46
76.612
55.911
40.140
39.888
7.382
8.161
5.800
5.639
21.272
15.524
11.145
11.075
2.050
2.266
1.610
1.566
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-79
1980+
2.710
1.170
1.150
0.130
0.090
0.040
7.091
3.062
3.009
0.340
0.236
0.105
1.920
0.829
0.815
0.092
0.064
0.028
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1981
1981+
1.97
1.33
0.100
0.040
5.155
3.480
0.262
0.105
1.396
0.943
0.071
0.028
M6.EXH.005
21
April,2001
-------
Table 7
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Low Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977-79
1980
3.440
4.350
2.860
2.440
1.790
1.500
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.040
0.110
.0.102
1.686
4.824
10.371
6.938
5.695
1.775
0.000
0.000
0.181
0.114
0.350
0.121
3.127
3.823
2.079
1.906
1.374
1.319
0.000
0.000
0.036
0.031
0.084
0.090
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-78
1979-80
3.440
4.350
2.870
2.700
1.770
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.030
0.060
4.898
6.194
4.086
3.844
2.328
0.000
0.000
0.057
0.043
0.079
2.877
3.638
2.400
2.258
1.518
0.000
0.000
0.033
0.025
0.051
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
5.440
6.450
4.610
1.770
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.060
3.346
3.967
2.835
3.082
0.000
0.000
0.025
0.104
4.744
5.625
4.020
1.429
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.048
M6.EXH.005
22
April,2001
-------
Table 8
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Low Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980+
0.250
0.680
0.850
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.627
1.705
2.132
0.075
0.000
0.000
0.190
0.517
0.647
0.023
0.000
0.000
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-80
1981-84
1985+
1.460
1.400
1.310
0.870
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.129
0.124
0.116
0.077
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
1.462
1.402
1.312
0.871
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1981
1981-87
1988-89
1990+
1.830
1.480
1.070
1.030
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.162
0.131
0.094
0.091
0.007
0.003
0.003
0.003
1.832
1.482
1.071
1.031
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
M6.EXH.005
23
April,2001
-------
Table 9
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
High Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
9.350
5.600
4.580
4.620
2.000
0.930
2.080
0.780
0.018
0.025
0.037
0.016
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.205
19.917
15.578
13.104
8.595
6.104
5.299
7.898
5.732
0.383
0.695
1.059
0.298
0.855
1.595
1.063
1.506
7.758
4.397
3.557
3.738
1.491
0.552
1.491
0.400
0.149
0.196
0.287
0.129
0.209
0.166
0.201
0.105
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
9.350
5.600
4.580
4.580
3.400
1.660
0.180
0.250
0.370
0.170
0.270
0.280
33.948
20.332
16.629
16.629
12.345
5.560
0.654
0.908
1.343
0.617
0.980
0.938
6.569
3.934
3.218
3.218
2.389
1.211
0.126
0.176
0.260
0.119
0.190
0.204
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
12.350
8.560
8.560
1.660
0.180
0.250
0.170
0.280
32.967
22.850
22.850
11.755
0.480
0.667
0.454
1.983
9.821
6.807
6.807
0.782
0.143
0.199
0.135
0.132
M6.EXH.005
24
April,2001
-------
Table 10
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Total Hydrocarbons (THC)
High Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982-84
1985-87
1988+
11.430
3.020
2.950
2.520
2.000
1.840
0.750
1.440
1.150
0.950
0.750
0.700
24.269
6.412
6.264
5.351
4.247
3.907
1.592
3.058
2.442
2.017
1.592
1.486
9.050
2.391
2.336
1.995
1.583
1.457
0.594
1.140
0.911
0.752
0.594
0.554
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-79
1980-81
1982-83
1984+
3.010
0.970
0.670
0.400
0.290
0.080
0.070
0.030
0.030
0.030
4.955
1.597
1.103
0.658
0.477
0.132
0.115
0.049
0.049
0.049
2.503
0.807
0.557
0.333
0.241
0.067
0.058
0.025
0.025
0.025
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1981
1981+
1.976
0.988
0.080
0.040
3.253
1.626
0.132
0.066
1.643
0.821
0.067
0.033
M6.EXH.005
25
April,2001
-------
Table 11
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
High Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
117.700
85.540
79.640
75.680
47.030
19.630
41.830
22.800
2.250
2.550
3.130
2.350
2.460
2.460
2.460
1.958
425.443
354.961
337.061
253.750
199.524
114.670
204.371
139.225
8.133
10.582
13.247
7.879
10.437
14.370
12.019
11.956
70.100
49.183
45.165
46.153
26.573
9.686
22.194
10.507
1.340
1.466
1.775
1.433
1.390
1.214
1.305
0.902
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
117.700
85.540
79.640
75.630
58.010
44.250
2.250
2.250
3.130
2.440
2.590
2.430
541.504
393.545
366.401
347.952
266.887
196.060
10.352
10.352
14.400
11.266
11.916
10.767
64.839
47.123
43.873
41.664
31.957
23.121
1.239
1.239
1.724
1.344
1.427
1.270
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
141.350
107.720
107.720
44.249
2.250
2.550
2.440
2.430
554.639
422.679
422.679
300.935
8.829
10.006
9.574
16.526
85.729
65.333
65.333
16.461
1.365
1.547
1.480
0.904
M6.EXH.005
26
April,2001
-------
Table 12
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
High Altitude
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980-81
1982+
50.130
37.070
33.090
32.890
3.220
3.560
2.530
2.460
114.918
84.979
75.855
75.397
7.382
8.161
5.800
5.639
31.908
23.595
21.062
20.935
2.050
2.266
1.610
1.566
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-79
1980-83
1984+
4.740
2.050
2.010
1.150
0.130
0.090
0.040
0.040
12.403
5.364
5.260
3.009
0.340
0.236
0.105
0.105
3.359
1.453
1.424
0.815
0.092
0.064
0.028
0.028
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1981
1981+
3.446
1.723
0.100
0.040
9.017
4.509
0.262
0.105
2.442
1.221
0.071
0.028
M6.EXH.005
27
April,2001
-------
Table 13
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
High Altitude
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles and Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Pre-1968
1968-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977
1978-79
1980
1.960
2.910
1.920
1.700
1.370
0.970
0.820
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.040
0.110
0.110
0.102
0.995
3.581
7.922
6.776
8.511
2.373
1.281
0.000
0.000
0.206
0.159
0.683
0.269
0.159
1.767
2.544
1.363
1.226
0.827
0.774
0.699
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.029
0.066
0.088
0.087
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (<6,000 Ibs. GVW)
Prel968
1968-69
1970-71
1972-74
1975-78
1979-80
1.960
2.910
1.910
1.880
0.970
0.970
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.030
0.060
0.060
3.069
4.557
2.991
2.944
1.519
1.871
0.000
0.000
0.063
0.047
0.094
0.116
1.620
2.406
1.579
1.554
0.802
0.798
0.000
0.000
0.033
0.025
0.050
0.049
Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (6,001-8500 Ibs. GVW)
Pre-1970
1970-73
1974-78
1979-80
3.100
4.320
3.070
0.970
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.060
1.634
2.277
1.618
2.270
0.000
0.000
0.021
0.140
2.682
3.738
2.656
0.796
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.049
M6.EXH.005
28
April,2001
-------
Table 14
Calculated MOBILE6 Basic Exhaust Emission Rates
for Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
High Altitude
Motorcycles, Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Model
Years
MOBILES
ZML
(g/mi)
MOBILES
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
ZML
(grams)
Engine
Start
MOBILE6
DET
(g/lOkmi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
ZML
(g/mi)
Exhaust
Running
MOBILE6
DET
(g/mi/ 10k mi)
Motorcycles
Pre-1978
1978-79
1980+
0.140
0.450
0.570
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.351
1.128
1.429
0.075
0.000
0.000
0.107
0.342
0.434
0.023
0.000
0.000
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles
Pre-1975
1975-80
1981-84
1985+
1.460
1.400
1.310
0.870
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.129
0.124
0.116
0.077
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
1.462
1.402
1.312
0.871
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
Light Duty Diesel Trucks
Pre-1980
1981-87
1988-89
1980+
1.830
1.480
1.070
1.030
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.162
0.131
0.094
0.091
0.007
0.003
0.003
0.003
1.832
1.482
1.071
1.031
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
M6.EXH.005
29
April,2001
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