United States Air and Radiation EPA420-R-02-006
Environmental Protection January 2002
Agency M6.HDE.002
svEPA Update Heavy-Duty
Engine Emission
Conversion Factors for
MOBILES
Analysis of Fuel Economy,
Non-Engine Fuel Economy
Improvements and
Fuel Densities
$5b Printed on Recycled
Paper
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EPA420-R-02-006
January 2002
Heavy-Duty
for
Analysis of Fuel Economy, Non-Engine Fuel Economy
Improvements and Fuel Densities
M6.HDE.002
Assessment and Modeling Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Prepared for EPA by
ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller, Inc.
EPA Contract No. 68-C6-0068
Work Assignment No. 0-03 and 1-02
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
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UPDATE HEAVY-DUTY
ENGINE EMISSION
CONVERSION FACTORS
FOR MOBILE6
Analysis of Fuel Economy, Non-Engine
Fuel Economy Improvements and
Fuel Densities
05 May 1998
PREPARED FOR
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Update Heavy-Duty Engine
Emission Conversion
Factors for MOBILES
Analysis of Fuel Economy,
Non-Engine Fuel Economy
Improvements and Fuel
Densities
Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
Prepared by:
Louis Browning
ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller, Inc.
555 Clyde Avenue
P.O. Box 7044
Mountain View
California 94039
Tel 650 961 5700
Fax 650 254 2496
Our Ref.:
SJ007258
Date:
05 May 1998
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This report and the information and data described herein have been funded by the USEPA under
Contract 68-C6-0068, Work Assignments #0-03 and 1-02. It is being released for information purposes
only. It may not reflect the views and positions of the USEPA on the topics and issues discussed, and
no official endorsement by USEPA of the report or its conclusions should be inferred.
This report has not been peer or administratively reviewed.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The USEPA highway emission factor model, MOBILESa, calculates average in-use emission
factors for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) for eight
categories of vehicles including heavy-duty gasoline (HDGV) and heavy-duty diesel (HDDV) vehicles
(all vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of 8501 pounds or more). These emission factors are
expressed in units of grams per mile (g/mi) and are used in combination with data on vehicle miles
traveled (VMT) to estimate highway vehicle contributions to mobile source emission inventories.
However, since emission standards for both gasoline and diesel heavy-duty vehicles are expressed in
terms of grams per brake-horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr), conversion factors in terms of brake-
horsepower-hour per mile (bhp-hr/mi) must be used to convert the emission certification data from
engine testing to in-use grams per mile. These conversion factors have been calculated several times
over the last 15 years with the last update completed by USEPA in 1988 for all heavy-duty vehicles
[I]1.
The conversion factors used in MOBILESa were calculated from the following expression:
Fuel Density (Ib/gal)
Conversion Factor (bhp-hr/mi) =
BSFC (Ib/bhp-hr) x Fuel Economy (mi/gal)
where BSFC is brake specific fuel consumption.
It is the intent of Work Assignments 0-03 and 1-02 to update these conversion factors for all
weight classes listed in Table 1. Since the last update calculated conversion factors through the 1986
model year, it is the purpose of this work to calculate conversion factors for model years 1987 through
1996 and project conversion factors for model years 1997 through 2050.
This report discusses the analysis of fuel economy for model years 1987 through 1996 and fuel
density for gasoline and diesel. Furthermore, it examines the use of non-engine fuel economy
improvement devices for forecasting conversion factors in the future.
This report first discusses the data sets used in analyzing fuel economy and fuel density, then
describes analysis methodology and results. Further details of the analyses can be found in the
appendices. A second report, "Update Heavy-Duty Engine Emission Conversion Factors for
MOBILE6: Analysis ofBSFCs and Calculation of Heavy-Duty Engine Emission Conversion Factors,"
discusses the analysis of brake specific fuel consumption data and provides the calculation of updated
engine emission conversion factors.
II. DATA SETS
A. Truck Fuel Economy and Non-Engine Fuel Economy Improvements
Average truck fuel economy and non-engine fuel economy improvements were calculated using
the 1992 Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS) Microdata File [2]. The 1992 TIUS survey was
1 Numbers in brackets refer to references listed in Section V.
1
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conducted during the 1992-1993 time frame by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The database, which
was supplied on CD-ROM, compiles a statistically significant sample of on-road light-duty and heavy-
duty trucks. The data includes the attributes of age, gross vehicle weight, fuel type, fuel economy,
average operating weight, travel type fraction, and mileage accumulation during 1992 for each truck
surveyed. The Census Bureau has also assigned an expansion factor on each record to extrapolate the
information in their database to represent the entire US truck population. The data also includes
information on use of non-engine fuel economy improvements such as aerodynamic devices, drive train
optimization, radial tires, governors and variable fan drives. This data set was used for both gasoline
and diesel trucks.
Table 1. Vehicle weight classes
Designation
HDGV (class 2B)
HDGV (class 3)
HDGV (class 4)
HDGV (class 5)
HDGV (class 6)
HDGV (class 7)
HDGV (class 8A)
HDGV (class 8B)
HDGTB
HDGSB
HDGCB
HDDV (class 2B)
HDDV (class 3)
HDDV (class 4)
HDDV (class 5)
HDDV (class 6)
HDDV (class 7)
HDDV (class 8A)
HDDV (class 8B)
HDDTB
HDDSB
HDDCB
Description
Light heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Light heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Heavy heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Heavy heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Heavy heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Heavy heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Heavy heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Heavy heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Gasoline transit buses
Gasoline school buses
Gasoline intercity buses
Light heavy-duty diesel trucks
Light heavy-duty diesel trucks
Light heavy-duty diesel trucks
Light heavy-duty diesel trucks
Medium heavy-duty diesel trucks
Medium heavy-duty diesel trucks
Heavy heavy-duty diesel trucks
Heavy heavy-duty diesel trucks
Diesel transit buses
Diesel school buses
Diesel intercity buses
Gross Vehicle
Weight Ob)
8501-10,000
10,001-14,000
14,001-16,000
16,001-19,500
19,501-26,000
26,001-33,000
33,001-60,000
>60,000
all
all
all
8501-10,000
10,001-14,000
14,001-16,000
16,001-19,500
19,501-26,000
26,001-33,000
33,001-60,000
>60,000
all
all
all
B. Bus Fuel Economy
Data on in-use bus fuel economy was not as readily available as that for trucks. Counts of
transit buses by model year and engine type was obtained from the American Public Transit
Association (APTA) 7995 Transit Passenger Vehicle Fleet Inventory [3]. Fuel economy for the
various common engine types was taken from aNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) study
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of transit buses [4]. The APTA 1996 Transit Fact Book [5] was used to confirm calculations against
average fuel economy figures.
For school buses, limited data from the National Transportation Statistics 1997[6] together
with data from a school bus vehicle demonstration program [7] and school bus type counts by model
year from School Bus Fleet Magazine [8] were used to characterize gasoline and diesel school bus fuel
economy. Diesel intercity bus fuel economy was estimated from comparisons of similar buses with
DDC 6V-92TA engines (the most common engine prior to 1994) during a central business district
(CBD) cycle and an commuter cycle (COM) [9].
Gasoline fuel economies for transit and intercity buses by model year could not be located.
Since these represent a small portion of the inventory, previous work by Machiele [1] was used to
estimate gasoline transit and intercity bus fuel economies. Further discussion of these assumptions and
calculations are described in Section IH(B).
C. Fuel Density
Fuel densities were determined from National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research
(NIPER) Petroleum Product Surveys (PPS) for years 1987 through 1996 [10-26]. These documents
list diesel and summer and winter gasoline properties.
III. METHODOLOGY
Methodologies to determine fuel economy, non-engine fuel economy improvement penetration
and fuel density data are presented below.
A. TIUS Methodology
To provide the best analysis of the TIUS data for the purposes needed by this work assignment,
ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller manipulated the TIUS data on a record-by-record basis. Pertinent data
from the TIUS data file TI92MDF.DAT was converted into a comma-delimited file using a C program
(TIHDCF.C), which is listed in the appendices. The comma-delimited file was then appended to a
dBASE file (TIUSHDCF.DBF) with the structure presented in Table 2. Two additional fields were
added to TIUSHDCF.DBF to further help in the manipulation of the data for this work assignment.
They are listed in Table 3.
The TIUS data set contains 247,282 records. These records were separated into the various
truck weight classes listed in Table 1 using the TIUS gross vehicle weight class (TIUGVW), the fuel
type (ENGTYP), and the average operating weight (AVGWT). The parameters TIUGVW and
AVGWT were used to determine weight class since these parameters are cross checked by the Census
Bureau and gave consistent results in terms of fuel economy versus weight class. Since TIUGVW does
not differentiate between classes 2A (6,001 - 8,500 Ibs) and 2B (8,501 -10,000 Ibs), AVGWT was used
to determine which trucks were class 2B. Records which did not fall into one of the classes defined
in Table 1, were incomplete, or used a fuel other than gasoline or diesel, were eliminated. In addition,
since the last model year of data included model years 1982 and older, these data were also eliminated
as they could not be assigned to a specific model year. This resulted in 59,046 records for the analysis.
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Results defined by 2 or less records were also deleted. The data were then used to characterize average
fuel economy, travel fractions, average operating weight, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and penetration
of non-engine fuel economy improvements for the classes of vehicles listed in Table 1.
Table 2. TIUSHDCF.DBF data structure
Field Name
Description
EXPANF
MDLYR
AVGWT
ENGTYP
PKCID
AERODN
AXLRAT
ECOENG
RADIAL
GOVNOR
VARFAN
OTHFUEL
ANNMIL
MPG
PLOCAL
PSHORT
PSMED
PLMED
PLONG
TIUGVW
PKGVW
PKRWGT
Expansion factor
Model year
Average operating weight
Fuel type
Engine size code
Aerodynamic device?
Optimized axle ratio?
Fuel economy engine?
Radial tires?
Road speed governor?
Variable fan drives?
Other fuel conservation features?
Annual Mileage during 1992
Fuel Economy
% of mileage for trips < 50 miles from home
% of mileage for trips 50-100 miles from home
% of mileage for trips 100-200 miles from home
% of mileage for trips 200-500 miles from home
% of mileage for trips > 500 miles from home
TIUS gross vehicle weight class
Polk gross vehicle weight class
Polk registered weight
Table 3. Additional fields in TIUSHDCF.DBF
Field Name
WGTCLASS
TRIP CODE
Description
Vehicle class description
Trip type description
Trip types were broken into four trip categories as shown in Table 4 for further analysis. It was
believed that fuel economies would be different for trucks that operated locally to those that operated
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in long-haul applications. Vehicle characteristics versus trip type were determined from records in
which over 75 percent of the VMT represented that trip type. All values were averaged by vehicle
miles traveled (registrations times annual average mileage). The program to manipulate the database,
HDCF.PRG, is listed in the appendices.
Table 4. Trip type descriptions
Trip Type
Local
Short
Medium
Long
Description
Trips less than 50 miles from home base
Trips between 50 and 100 miles from home base
Trips between 100 and 200 miles from home base
Trips over 200 miles from home base
A regression analysis was performed for fuel economies by model year for each weight class
and a power curve fit (y = axb) was generated to extrapolate values beyond 1992. Curve fits for each
weight class are shown in Table 5. TIUS provided the most complete set of in-use fuel economy data
for trucks, but since it only described trucks for 1992 model year and older, the fuel economy curves
needed to be extrapolated to provide data for model years 1993 through 1996. In all cases the
equations resulted in about a 1% improvement in fuel economy per year which seemed reasonable
given current truck fuel economy trends. TIUS provided no data for Class 8B gasoline trucks and
therefore no fuel economies were calculated for that class. No extrapolation beyond 1996 was done
for fuel economy since BSFCs beyond 1996 were not available. Future projections of conversion
factors were made based upon conversion factors calculated between 1987 and 1996, similar to the
methodology applied by Machiele [1].
Table 5. Curve fits of fuel economy
(y is fuel economy in mpg and x is [model year - 1900])
Weight
Class
2B
3
4
5
6
7
8A
8B
Gasoline
y = 0.1253x°-9624
y = 0.1157x°-9632
y = 0.0409X1'1902
y = 0.4416x°-6348
y = 0.033 8xL2015
y = 0.1277xa8909
y = 0.0647X1'0285
Diesel
y = 0.1072xL0506
y = 0.0989xL045
y = 0.502x°'6598
y = 0.2474xa8078
y = 0.5336x°-6117
y = 4.0206x°'1374
y = 0.15485x°-8194
y = 0.0119x13742
Non-engine fuel economy improvement penetration versus model year for model years 1983
through 1992 were curve fit using a logarithmic curve (y = a + b*ln(x)). Usage of non-engine fuel
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economy improvements for the 1996 model year were then calculated using the curve fits and
compared against MOBILE4 estimates [1]. Discussion of these results can be found in Section IV.
Raw averaged TIUS data for each weight class and fuel can be found in the appendices (Tables A-l
through A-15). Blank entries indicate no data.
B. Bus Fuel Economy Methodology
Diesel transit bus fuel economy is highly dependent on the type of engine used. Priorto 1993,
68 to 87% of the diesel bus inventory used the DDC 6V-92TA two-stroke engine. The Cummins L-l 0
four-stroke engine was the second most used engine in transit buses during that time period. The
Cummins L-10 has approximately 14% better fuel economy than the DDC 6V-92TA [4]. In 1992,
DDC introduced the Series 50 four stroke engine for the bus market with approximately 16% better
fuel economy than the 6V-92TA [27]. Due to more stringent emission regulations, the 6V-92 is being
phased out and will not be built after 1998 for the on-road market. The penetration of the four stroke
engines into the bus market each model year is a larger driver of average fleet fuel economy than the
minor changes that occur from year to year in a given engine line. Thus to calculate fuel economy for
this work assignment, bus engine counts for model years 1987 through 1995 were taken from the
APT A 7995 Transit Passenger Vehicle Fleet Inventory [2]. These are listed in Table 6. As transit
buses are defined in the Code of Federal Regulations (Title 40 §86.093-2) as having a load capacity of
15 passengers or more, buses that held fewer than 15 passengers were not counted. In addition, trolleys
and streetcars also were not counted. The numbers in Table 6 represent active buses for model years
1987 through 1994 and purchases for 1995.
Table 6. Diesel transit bus inventory by engine type
(U.S. in-service population)
Model
Year
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
DDC
Series 50 6V-92TA
2189
1826
2983
2910
1979
1394
257 1473
1604 243
1370 200
8V-92TA
33
5
102
34
1
50
12
11
Cummins
L-10
355
683
239
1087
189
365
361
603
333
Other
Engines
238
142
96
204
180
78
148
28
21
Average fuel economies for the DDC 6V-92TA and the Cummins L-10 were derived from a
transit bus study done by NREL [4] and are listed in Tables 7 and 8 respectively. Average fuel
economies were determined by weighting each transit district average diesel fuel economy by the fleet
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mileage. This resulted in a 14% increase in fuel economy for the four stroke L-10 over the two stroke
6V-92TA.
Comparisons of certification BSFCs for the 6V-92 and the Series 50 showed a 16%
improvement in fuel economy for the newer four stroke Series 50. The DDC 8 V-92TA was assumed
to have the same fuel economy as the DDC 6V-92TA since the DDC 8V-92TA has slightly better
BSFC but is usually used in heavier buses. The other engines in Table 6 were also mostly four stroke
engines (mostly Caterpillar 3306). Using this information, fuel economies for two-stroke buses were
estimated to be 3.4 mpg (DDC 6 V-92 and 8 V-92) and four-stroke buses were estimated to be 3.9 mpg
(DDC Series 50, Cummins L-10 and others). Fuel economy by model year for diesel transit buses was
then weighted by the vehicle counts listed in Table 6.
Table 7. Determination of average diesel transit bus fuel economies
for the DDC 6V-92TA (Taken from Reference 4)
Transit District
Houston TX
Miami FL
Peoria IL
Minneapolis/St. Paul MN
No. of
Buses
5
5
O
5
Fleet
Miles
(miles)
282,881
380,453
225,377
266,338
VMT Weighted Average
Average
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
3.63
3.32
3.51
3.14
3.39
Table 8. Determination of average diesel transit bus fuel economies
for the Cummins L-10 (Taken from Reference 4)
Transit District
Portland OR
Miami FL
No. of
Buses
5
5
Fleet
Miles
(miles)
203,007
330,342
VMT Weighted Average
Average
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
4.30
3.61
3.87
Intercity bus fuel economy was estimated from transit bus fuel economy by applying the percent
increase in fuel economy between a transit bus operating on the central business district (CBD) driving
cycle and the commuter (COM) cycle. Intercity buses are similar to transit buses, but stop less and
usually travel at higher speeds. Since intercity buses travel freeways and arterials between cities, the
COM driving cycle is a good representation of intercity bus use. The CBD is used to represent in-city
driving by transit buses. Battelle Columbus Laboratories tested six transit buses with 6V-92TA
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engines on both the CBD and COM cycles [9]. Averaged results from that study is shown in Table 9.
Diesel buses driven on the COM cycle had a 35.2% increase in fuel economy over that for the same
bus driven on the CBD cycle. Thus fuel economies for diesel transit buses by model year were then
multiplied by 1.352 to determine intercity bus fuel economies.
Gasoline school bus fuel economies were calculated from fuel usage and vehicle-mile statistics
for school buses from the National Transportation Statistics 1997 [6]. Gasoline school buses werel
assumed to be mostly Type A&B2. To calculate diesel school bus fuel economy for Type A&B, the
ratio of diesel to gasoline fuel economies for school buses was determined from a 1988 report on
conversion factors [1] and applied to fuel economies calculated for gasoline Type A&B school buses.
This resulted in an estimate of 8.2 mpg for Type A&B diesel school buses. Fuel economies for Type
C and D buses were taken from a California Energy Commission school bus demonstration program
[7]. Average fuel economy for Type C & D buses from that study was approximately 6.0 mpg. Using
these estimates together with the school bus populations by vehicle type from School Bus Fleet [8]
(shown in Table 10), diesel school bus fuel economy was calculated.
Table 9. Fuel economy difference between CBD and COM driving cycles
(Taken from Reference 9)
Driving
Cycle
CBD
COM
Miles
between
Stops
0.142
4.000
Average
Speed
(mph)
12.9
46.5
Top
Speed
(mph)
20
55
Ratio of COM to CBD fuel economy
Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
3.69
4.99
1.352
Table 10. Diesel school bus inventory by model year and type
(Taken from Reference 8)
Model
Year
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
A&B
2225
3756
3820
3535
3215
2216
2225
School Bus
C
23670
21370
16444
18928
21005
20861
22016
Type
D
6286
6864
5444
6734
7321
9671
9270
Total
32181
31990
25708
29197
31541
32748
33511
2 Types A & B are generally smaller school buses with the engine in the front. Types C
and D are generally larger school buses, Type C has a front engine and Type D has an engine in
the rear or midship.
8
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The gasoline transit bus inventory amounted to approximately 0.5% of the diesel transit bus
inventory [3]. To calculate gasoline transit bus fuel economies, the ratio of diesel to gasoline fuel
economies for transit buses was determined from a 1988 report on conversion factors [ 1 ]. That report
indicated that gasoline transit buses fuel economies were approximately 90.8% of diesel transit bus fuel
economies. This factor was applied to the previously calculated diesel transit bus fuel economies to
determine gasoline transit bus fuel economies. A similar procedure was used for gasoline intercity
buses, but in this case, the ratio was determined between gasoline transit and intercity buses. It was
determined from Reference 9 that gasoline intercity buses had 16.7% better fuel economy than gasoline
transit buses. Thus gasoline transit bus fuel economy by model year was multiplied by 1.167 to
determine gasoline intercity bus fuel economies.
C. Fuel Density Methodology
1. Gasoline
Gasoline American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity was extracted from NIPER publications
on summer and winter motor gasoline properties. It was assumed that all heavy-duty gasoline trucks
use regular unleaded gasoline. Low altitude values were used for all years. Summer and winter values
were averaged (added together and divided by two) for each year in question. Fuel densities in pounds
per gallon were then calculated from API gravity using the following formula [28]:
141.5x8.328
Fuel Density (Ibs/gal) =
(131.5 +API)
2. Diesel
Diesel API gravity was extracted from NIPER publications on diesel properties. It was
assumed that all heavy-duty diesel trucks and buses use #2 diesel fuel. Nationwide average values were
used to calculate fuel densities for each year. Fuel densities in pounds per gallon were then calculated
from API gravity using the above formula.
IV. RESULTS
A. Truck Fuel Economy
Average heavy-duty gasoline truck operation by weight class during 1992 (1992 TIUS data)
is presented in Table 11. Both fuel economy and average operating weight are VMT weighted
averages. In all weight classes except 4, over 60% of the VMT occurred in trips within 50 miles of
the home base of the vehicle (Local). All weight classes except 4 had over 80% of the VMT within
100 miles from the home base of the vehicle (Local + Short). Class 4 vehicles had only 66% of the
VMT within 100 miles from the home base.
Gasoline truck fuel economy was calculated for 1987 through 1996 model year trucks using
the curve fits listed in Table 5 (derived from TIUS data). The results are shown in Table 12.
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Table 13 shows average heavy-duty diesel truck operation by weight class during 1992 (1992
TIUS data). Both fuel economy and average operating weight are VMT weighted averages. As with
gasoline vehicles, local operation (Local) was compared with long-haul (Long) operation to determine
trends in fuel economy. Data in Tables 11 and 13 indicate that diesel trucks tended to operate over a
greater radius from home base than gasoline trucks. Weight classes 2B through 7 drove over 40% of
their VMT on trips within 50 miles of the home base of the vehicle (Local). These trips accounted for
only 23% and 7% of their VMT for weight classes 8 A and 8B, respectively. Class 8 A had almost 50%
of VMT in trips over 200 miles from the home base (Long), while class 8B drove over 70% of the
VMT in trips over 200 miles from the home base. The TIUS data also show that for class 8 trucks, fuel
economy for local trips was approximately equal to fuel economy for long-haul trips. It is expected that
these results would be different for trucks with newer, electronically-controlled engines.
Table 11. Heavy-duty gasoline vehicle averages in 1992
(taken from 1992 TIUS[2])
Weight
Class
2B
3
4
5
6
7
8A
VMT
(Mil Miles)
3283.02
4194.68
1224.18
765.40
1301.57
443.19
165.04
Travel Fraction (%)
Local
64.3
65.9
46.4
72.4
68.9
76.6
73.0
Short
25.7
16.2
19.8
19.3
17.1
10.6
19.3
Med
8.8
7.4
7.4
5.9
2.3
10.2
5.3
Long
1.2
10.4
26.5
2.5
11.7
2.6
2.4
FEa
(mpg)
9.2
9.0
8.2
7.4
7.3
6.7
6.6
Wgtb
Obs)
9490
11997
15274
17877
22289
29068
39838
a Average weight class fuel economy in miles per gallon
b Average weight class operating weight in pounds
Table 12. Projected gasoline heavy-duty vehicle fuel economies (mpg)
Model
Year
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Weight Class
2B
9.22
9.32
9.42
9.52
9.62
9.73
9.83
9.93
10.03
10.13
3
8.54
8.63
8.73
8.82
8.92
9.01
9.11
9.20
9.30
9.39
4
8.32
8.43
8.55
8.66
8.78
8.89
9.01
9.12
9.24
9.35
5
7.52
7.58
7.63
7.68
7.74
7.79
7.85
7.90
7.95
8.01
6
7.23
7.33
7.43
7.53
7.63
7.73
7.84
7.94
8.04
8.14
7
6.83
6.89
6.96
7.03
7.10
7.17
7.24
7.31
7.38
7.45
8A
6.39
6.47
6.54
6.62
6.70
6.77
6.85
6.92
7.00
7.07
10
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Table 14 shows calculated fuel economy for model year 1987 through 1996 diesel trucks,
derived from the curve fits listed in Table 5.
Table 13. Heavy-duty diesel vehicle averages in 1992
(taken from 1992 TIUS [2])
Wgt
Class
2B
3
4
5
6
7
8A
8B
VMT
Mil Miles
1857.59
3751.85
1479.63
1857.42
5492.44
4768.90
25088.28
65513.19
Travel Fractions (%)
Local
55.0
49.2
47.2
55.9
47.9
44.0
22.7
7.3
Short
31.4
30.2
37.2
18.8
28.8
22.6
10.7
8.8
Med
9.0
8.5
8.1
9.3
12.8
10.2
9.9
9.4
Long
4.5
12.1
7.5
15.9
10.5
23.2
56.6
74.4
Fuel Economy" (mpg)
Ave
11.9
11.2
9.7
9.4
8.2
7.4
6.0
5.7
Local
12.0
12.1
9.5
9.4
8.0
7.7
6.0
5.6
Long
9.6
8.5
6.6
6.0
5.7
Average Weight15 (Ibs)
Ave
9591
12219
15123
17814
22935
29906
48881
75784
Local
9544
12262
15185
17812
22829
30074
47622
76575
Long
17916
23366
30350
49900
75063
3 Average weight class fuel economy in miles per gallon
b Average weight class operating weight in pounds
Table 14. Projected diesel heavy-duty vehicle fuel economies (mpg)
Model
Year
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Weight Class
2B
11.69
11.83
11.97
12.11
12.26
12.40
12.54
12.68
12.82
12.96
3
10.52
10.65
10.77
10.90
11.03
11.15
11.28
11.41
11.53
11.66
4
9.56
9.63
9.70
9.77
9.85
9.92
9.99
10.06
10.13
10.20
5
9.12
9.21
9.29
9.38
9.46
9.54
9.63
9.71
9.80
9.88
6
8.20
8.25
8.31
8.37
8.42
8.48
8.54
8.59
8.65
8.71
7
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
7.49
7.51
7.52
7.53
8A
5.96
6.03
6.10
6.17
6.24
6.31
6.38
6.45
6.52
6.59
8B
5.51
5.59
5.68
5.77
5.86
5.95
6.03
6.12
6.21
6.30
B. Bus Fuel Economy
Calculated fuel economies for transit, intercity and school buses are shown in Table 15. The
average for the calculated fuel economy from Table 15 for diesel transit buses for model years 1987
through 1995 is 3.61 mpg. This is reasonably close to the 3.68 mpg for all diesel transit buses in
operation in 1994 calculated from data given in the 1996 Transit Fact Book [5] and therefore seems
reasonable.
11
-------
Table 15. Estimated bus fuel economies (mpg)
Model
Year
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Diesel
Transit
3.43
3.47
3.51
3.55
3.59
3.63
3.67
3.71
3.75
3.79
Intercity
4.64
4.69
4.75
4.80
4.85
4.91
4.96
5.01
5.07
5.12
School
6.29
6.28
6.27
6.25
6.24
6.23
6.22
6.20
6.19
6.18
Gasoline
Transit
3.11
3.15
3.19
3.22
3.26
3.30
3.33
3.37
3.40
3.44
Intercity
3.64
3.68
3.72
3.76
3.80
3.85
3.89
3.93
3.97
4.01
School
6.18
6.21
6.24
6.27
6.30
6.33
6.37
6.40
6.42
6.45
C. Use of Non-Engine Fuel Economy Improvement Devices
For previous versions of MOBILE, projections of conversion factors for future model years
were determined by examining increased use estimates of fuel economy improvement devices that
were not engine related (aerodynamic devices, drive train optimization, radial tires, speed control and
variable speed fan drives). It was thought that if the fuel economy of an engine line improved due to
engine improvements (such as better fuel injection control, combustion optimization, turbocharging),
these changes would be reflected both in the fuel economy of the vehicle and the BSFC of the engine,
and that these effects would more or less offset one another. However, non-engine related fuel
economy improvement devices could improve the fuel economy of the vehicle without affecting
engine BSFC. Since improving fuel economy without a corresponding reduction in BSFC would
decrease conversion factors, these non-engine fuel economy improvement devices could affect
conversion factors for future model years and need to be taken into account.
As part of this study, the 1992 TIUS data was used to determine the extent to which non-engine
related devices were used by the various weight classes in the U.S. heavy-duty vehicle fleet.
Regression analyses were performed on data for model years 1983 through 1992 to determine use
trends of these devices and project those trends to the 1996 model year. These devices are the most
beneficial on longer-haul, higher speed trips. Therefore, if the number of trucks that use these devices
is less than the number of trucks that operate on long-haul trips, one can assume that there may be
increased use of these devices in the future, which would affect truck fleet fuel economy and thus
conversion factors. To test this assumption, predicted use of non-engine fuel economy improvement
devices were compared against the VMT fraction of long-haul trips.
Table 16 shows the percent of use of non-engine fuel economy improvement devices for heavy-
duty gasoline trucks. As may be seen in this table, in all classes except 3 and 4, data projected out for
1996 model year trucks shows that, in fact, the use percent of non-engine related devices exceeds the
12
-------
percent of trucks that operate on long-haul trips. Thus, it is unlikely that there will be further increased
use of these devices past the 1996 model year and therefore need not be considered in conversion factor
calculations for future model years. Since class 3 and 4 vehicles still spend most of their travel in
shorter trips, it is not likely that there will be much increased use of these devices in those weight
classes over the 1996 model year levels, either.
A similar trend in the use of non-engine related devices is illustrated in Table 17 for 1996
model year heavy-duty diesel trucks. For diesel trucks, however, the percent of use of non-engine fuel
economy improvement devices for the 1996 model year greatly exceeds the long-haul travel fraction
for all weight classes. Thus, it is unlikely that there will be much further use of non-engine fuel
economy improvement devices in diesel trucks beyond those already in use on 1996 model year trucks.
Therefore, increased use of these devices need not be figured into calculations of conversion factors
beyond the 1996 model year.
Table 16. Estimated percent of use of non-engine fuel economy improvements
in each weight class of 1996 model year heavy-duty gasoline vehicles
Weight Class
Long-Haul VMT Fraction
Aero Devices
TIUS
MOBILE4
Drive Train Optimization
TIUS
MOBILE4
Radial Tires
TIUS
MOBILE4
Speed Control
TIUS
MOBILE4
Fan Drives
TIUS
MOBILE4
2B
1%
18%
0%
22%
27%
96%
67%
12%
13%
18%
0%
3
10%
9%
0%
12%
27%
100%
67%
5%
13%
9%
0%
4
27%
11%
0%
32%
27%
77%
67%
10%
13%
18%
0%
5
3%
33%
7%
23%
27%
73%
14%
62%
4%
26%
90%
6
12%
34%
7%
39%
27%
100%
14%
32%
4%
10%
90%
7
3%
24%
7%
37%
27%
86%
14%
44%
4%
25%
90%
8A
2%
38%
7%
31%
27%
91%
14%
42%
4%
15%
90%
D.
Fuel Densities
Fuel densities for unleaded gasoline, taken from the NIPER publications, are shown in Table
18. Fuel densities for #2 diesel are shown in Table 19. These fuel densities are similar to those used
in MOBILE4 emission factor calculations [1].
13
-------
Table 17. Estimated percent of use of non-engine fuel economy improvements
in each weight class of 1996 model year heavy-duty diesel vehicles
Weight Class
Long-Haul VMT Fraction
Aero Devices
TIUS
MOBILE4
Drive Train Optimization
TIUS
MOBILE4
Radial Tires
TIUS
MOBILE4
Speed Control
TIUS
MOBILE4
Fan Drives
TIUS
MOBILE4
2B
5%
17%
0%
30%
27%
91%
67%
39%
13%
41%
0%
3
12%
21%
0%
40%
27%
91%
67%
28%
13%
42%
0%
4
8%
18%
0%
38%
27%
100%
67%
41%
13%
28%
0%
5
16%
17%
7%
56%
27%
100%
14%
35%
4%
40%
90%
6
11%
28%
7%
46%
27%
92%
14%
41%
4%
46%
90%
7
23%
48%
7%
59%
27%
94%
14%
41%
4%
46%
90%
8A
57%
87%
7%
80%
27%
90%
14%
71%
4%
80%
90%
SB
74%
100%
32%
100%
27%
95%
50%
81%
14%
85%
100%
Table 18. Gasoline Fuel Densities
Year
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
API Gravity
Winter
62.3
62.5
61.8
62.2
61.8
61.2
61.2
60.8
59.4
60.2
Summer
59.2
58.9
58.2
58.2
58.0
57.4
56.1
55.7
56.1
56.9
Average
60.75
60.70
60.00
60.20
59.90
59.30
58.65
58.25
57.75
58.55
Density
Ib/gal
6.130
6.131
6.154
6.147
6.157
6.176
6.197
6.210
6.227
6.201
Average 6.173
MOBILE4 6.09
14
-------
Table 19. Diesel Fuel Densities
Year
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
API
Gravity
34.2
34.5
33.8
34.3
34.0
33.7
34.3
35.3
35.4
35.6
Density
Ib/gal
7.112
7.099
7.129
7.107
7.120
7.133
7.107
7.065
7.061
7.052
Average 7.099
MOBILE4 7.11
V. REFERENCES
1. P. Machiele, "Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Conversion Factors n -1962-2000," EPA report no.
EPA-AA-SDSB-89-01, October 1988.
2. "1992 Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS) - Microdata File," U.S. Department of Commerce,
Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 1993 (on CD-ROM).
3. "1995 Transit Passenger Vehicle Fleet Inventory as of January 1, 1995," American Public Transit
Association, April 1995.
4. K. Chandler et. al, "Alternative Fuel Transit Bus Evaluation Program Results," SAE paper no.
961082, May 1996.
5. "1996 Transit Fact Book," American Public Transit Association, January 1996.
6. "National Transportation Statistics 1997," Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department
of Transportation, 1997.
7. C. Colucci and A. Hill, "School Bus Program: Transition to Alternative Fuels," SAE paper no.
952747, January 1995.
8. "School Bus Fleet - 1997 Fact Book Issue," Bobit Publication Management & Maintenance
Magazine for School Transportation Fleets, January 1997.
9. G. Francis, "Transit Bus Fuel Economy Research,: SAE paper no. 831185, August 1983.
15
-------
10. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "Diesel Fuel Oils, 1986," NIPER publication 147 PPS 86/5, October
1986.
11 C. Dickson andP. Woodward, "Diesel Fuel Oils, 1988," NIPER publication 157 PPS 88/5, October
1988.
12. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "DieselFuel Oils, 1990," NIPER publication 167PPS 90/5, October
1990.
13. C. Dickson, "Diesel Fuel Oils, 1992," NIPER publication 177 PPS 92/5, October 1992.
14. C. Dickson and G. Sturm, Jr., "Diesel Fuel Oils, 1994," NIPER publication 187 PPS 94/5,
December 1994.
15. C. Dickson and G. Sturm, Jr., "DieselFuel Oils, 1996," NIPER publication 197PPS 96/5, October
1996.
16. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "Motor Gasolines, Summer 1987," NIPER publication 153 PPS
88/1, March 1988.
17. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "Motor Gasolines, Winter 1987-88," NIPER publication 155 PPS
88/3, June 1988.
18. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "Motor Gasolines, Summer 1989," NIPER publication 163 PPS
90/1, February 1990.
19. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "Motor Gasolines, Winter 1989-90," NIPER publication 165 PPS
90/3, June 1990.
20. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "Motor Gasolines, Summer 1991," NIPER publication 173 PPS
92/1, February 1992.
21. C. Dickson and P. Woodward, "Motor Gasolines, Winter 1991-92," NIPER publication 175 PPS
92/3, June 1992.
22. C. Dickson and G. Sturm, Jr., "Motor Gasolines, Summer 1993," NIPER publication 183 PPS 94/1,
July 1994.
23. C. Dickson and G. Sturm, Jr., "Motor Gasolines, Winter 1993-1994," NIPER publication 185 PPS
94/3, August 1994.
24. C. Dickson and G. Sturm, Jr., "Motor Gasolines, Summer 1995," NIPER publication 193 PPS 96/1,
February 1996.
25. C. Dickson and G. Sturm, Jr., "Motor Gasolines, Winter 1995-1996," NIPER publication 195 PPS
96/3, July 1996.
26. C. Dickson and G. Sturm, Jr., "Motor Gasolines, Summer 1996," NIPER publication 198 PPS 97/1,
January 1997.
27. Personal communication with DDC.
16
-------
28. T. Baumeister and L. Marks, Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, seventh edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.
17
-------
APPENDIX
-------
TIHDCF.C
/* TIHDCF
Converts the TIUS dataset TI92MDF.DAT to a comma delimited file for
importing into dBASE file TIUSHDCF
*/
#include
#include
#define comma 44
char buffer [625] ;
char bufout [110] ;
FILE *fin,*fout;
int count;
long n;
int idex, odex;
void main()
{
fin = fopen("E:TI92MDF.DAT" , "rb") ;
fout = f open ("C: TIHDCF1.DAT", "wb") ;
n = 0;
while (n < 125000) {
fgets (buffer, 625, fin) ;
odex = 0 ;
idex = 14 ;
/* EXPANF 15-21 */
for ( count =1; count <=7; count++)
bufout [odex] = buf fer [idex] ;
odex++;
idex++;
}
buf out [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* MDLYR 24-25 */
idex = 23;
for ( count =1; count <=2; count++)
buf out [odex] = buf fer [idex] ;
odex++;
idex++;
}
buf out [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* AVGWT 99-104 */
idex = 98;
for ( count =1; count <=6; count++)
buf out [odex] = buf fer [idex] ;
odex++;
idex++;
}
buf out [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* EngTyp 112 */
idex = 111;
buf out [odex] = buf fer [idex] ;
odex++;
buf out [odex] = comma;
odex++;
A-1
-------
TIHDCF.C
/* PKCID 114-115 */
idex = 113;
for (count=1; count <=2; count++)
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* AERODN 119 */
idex = 118;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* AXLRAT 120 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* ECOENG 121 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* RADIAL 123 */
idex = 122;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* GOVNOR 124 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* VARFAN 125 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* OTHFUEL 126 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* ANNMIL 155-160 */
idex = 154;
for (count=1; count <=6; count++)
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
A-2
-------
TIHDCF.C
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* MPG 170-172 */
idex = 169;
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PLOCAL 183-185 */
idex = 182;
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PSHORT 186-188 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PSMED 189-191 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PLMED 192-194 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PLONG 195-197 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* TIUGVW 421-422 */
idex = 420;
for (count=1; count <=2; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
A-3
-------
TIHDCF.C
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PKGVW 423 */
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PKRWGT 424-429 */
for (count=1; count <=6; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = '\n';
odex++;
bufout[odex] = '\0T;
fputs(bufout,fout);
}
fclose(fout);
puts("\nfile 1 written");
fout = fopen("C:TIHDCF2.DAT","wb");
while (fgets(buffer,625,fin)) {
odex = 0 ;
idex = 14;
/* EXPANF 15-21 */
for (count=1; count <=7; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* MDLYR 24-25 */
idex = 23;
for (count=1; count <=2; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* AVGWT 99-104 */
idex = 98;
for (count=1; count <=6; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* EngTyp 112 */
idex = 111;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
A-4
-------
TIHDCF.C
/* PKCID 114-115 */
idex = 113;
for (count=1; count <=2; count++)
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* AERODN 119 */
idex = 118;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* AXLRAT 120 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* ECOENG 121 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* RADIAL 123 */
idex = 122;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* GOVNOR 124 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* VARFAN 125 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* OTHFUEL 126 */
idex++;
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* ANNMIL 155-160 */
idex = 154;
for (count=1; count <=6; count++)
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
A-5
-------
TIHDCF.C
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* MPG 170-172 */
idex = 169;
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout [odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PLOCAL 183-185 */
idex = 182;
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PSHORT 186-188 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PSMED 189-191 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PLMED 192-194 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PLONG 195-197 */
for (count=1; count <=3; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* TIUGVW 421-422 */
idex = 420;
for (count=1; count <=2; count++) {
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
A-6
-------
TIHDCF.C
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PKGVW 423 */
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
bufout[odex] = comma;
odex++;
/* PKRWGT 424-429 */
for (count=1; count <=6; count++)
bufout[odex] = buffer[idex];
odex++;
idex++;
}
bufout[odex] = T\n';
odex++;
bufout[odex] = '\0T;
fputs(bufout,fout);
}
fclose(fout);
puts("\nfile 2 written");
fclose(fin);
A-7
-------
HDCF.PRG
* Determines VMT, travel fractions, fuel economy and non-engine fuel economy
* improvement penetration for each weight class and fuel
*
set talk off
use TIUSHDCF alias TIUS
select 2
use HDCF alias CF
zap
select TIUS
MYTest = 92
WTCLTest = "HDDV(2B)"
T = "AL"
Store 0 to VMT_LC,VMT_SH,VMT_MD,VMT_LN,N,AM,MG,MGR,AVWGT,AWR,CID,CIDR
store 0 to AD,AR,ECO,RAD,GOV,VAR,OTH
do while .not. eof()
M = 93 - MDLYR
if WGTCLASS <> WTCLTest .or. M <> MYTest .or. TRAV_CODE <> T
select CF
append blank
replace WGTCLASS with WTCLTest
replace MY with MYTest
replace TRAV_CODE with T
replace REGS with N
if MGR > 0
replace MPG with MG/MGR
endif
if AWR > 0
replace AVGWT with AVWGT/AWR
endif
if CIDR > 0
replace PKCID with CID/CIDR
endif
VMTJTOT = VMT_LC+VMT_SH+VMT_MD+VMT_LN
if VMTJTOT > 0
replace TF_LOCAL with VMT_LC/VMT_TOT*100.00
replace TF_SHORT with VMT_SH/VMT_TOT*100.00
replace TF_MEDIUM with VMT_MD/VMT_TOT*100.00
replace TF_LONG with VMT_LN/VMT_TOT*100.00
else
replace TF_LOCAL with 0
replace TF_SHORT with 0
replace TF_MEDIUM with 0
replace TF_LONG with 0
endif
replace VMT_LOCAL with VMT_LC/1000000.00/100.00
replace VMT_SHORT with VMT_SH/1000000.00/100.00
replace VMT_MEDIUM with VMT_MD/1000000.00/100.00
replace VMT_LONG with VMT_LN/1000000.00/100.00
if AM > 0
replace AERODN with AD/AM*100
replace AXLRAT with AR/AM*100
replace ECOENG with ECO/AM*100
replace RADIAL with RAD/AM*100
replace GOVNOR with GOV/AM*100
replace VARFAN with VAR/AM*100
replace OTHFUEL with OTH/AM*100
endif
A-8
-------
HDCF.PRG
select TIUS
MYTest = M
WTCLTest = WGTCLASS
T = TRAV_CODE
Store 0 to VMT_LC,VMT_SH, VMT_MD,VMT_LN,N, AM,MG,MGR, AVWGT
Store 0 to AD,AR, ECO,RAD,GOV, VAR,OTH, AWR, CID, CIDR
endif
PLOCAL*EXPANF*ANNMIL
PSHORT*EXPANF*ANNMIL
PSMED*EXPANF*ANNMIL
(PLMED+PLONG) *EXPANF*ANNMIL
VMT_LC
VMT_SH
VMT_MD
VMTLN
VMT_LC
VMT_SH
VMT_MD
_ VMT_LN
AM = AM + ANNMIL*EXPANF
if MPG > 0
MGR = MGR + EXPANF*ANNMIL
MG = MG + MPG*EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
if AVGWT > 0
AVWGT = AVWGT + AVGWT* EXPANF*ANNMIL
AWR = AWR + EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
if PKCID > 0
CID = CID + PKCID*EXPANF*ANNMIL
CIDR = CIDR + EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
N = N + 1
if AERODN = 1
AD = AD + EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
if AXLRAT = 1
AR = AR + EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
if ECOENG = 1
ECO = ECO + EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
if RADIAL = 1
RAD = RAD + EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
if GOVNOR = 1
GOV = GOV + EXPANF*ANNMIL
endif
if VARFAN = 1
VAR = VAR
endif
if OTHFUEL = 1
OTH = OTH
endif
skip
enddo
select CF
append blank
replace WGTCLASS with WTCLTest
replace MY with MYTest
replace TRAV_CODE with T
replace REGS with N
replace MPG with MG/MGR
replace AVGWT with AVWGT/AWR
replace PKCID with CID/CIDR
VMT TOT = VMT LC+VMT SH+VMT MD+VMT LN
EXPANF*ANNMIL
EXPANF*ANNMIL
A-9
-------
HDCF.PRG
if VMTJTOT > 0
replace TF_LOCAL with VMT_LC/VMT_TOT*100.00
replace TF_SHORT with VMT_SH/VMT_TOT*100.00
replace TF_MEDIUM with VMT_MD/VMT_TOT*100.00
replace TF_LONG with VMT_LN/VMT_TOT*100.00
else
replace TF_LOCAL with 0
replace TF_SHORT with 0
replace TF_MEDIUM with 0
replace TF_LONG with 0
endif
replace VMT_LOCAL with VMT_LC/1000000.00/100.00
replace VMT_SHORT with VMT_SH/1000000.00/100.00
replace VMT_MEDIUM with VMT_MD/1000000.00/100.00
replace VMT_LONG with VMT_LN/1000000.00/100.00
replace AERODN with AD/AM*100
replace AXLRAT with AR/AM*100
replace ECOENG with ECO/AM*100
replace RADIAL with RAD/AM*100
replace GOVNOR with GOV/AM*100
replace VARFAN with VAR/AM*100
replace OTHFUEL with OTH/AM*100
select 2
use
select 1
use
quit
A-10
-------
Table A-1. Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles Class 2B
MY L
92 5
91 7
90 2
89 1
88 2
87 2
86 2
85 2
84 3
83 8
Total VMT (million
miles)
.ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
6.19 16.65 5.74 5.71 84.29
1.12 73.57 8.96 0.00 153.65
D1.56 79.95 22.04 4.14 307.69
31.44 34.02 19.24 7.90 242.60
98.38 71.39 108.85 0.46 479.08
75.44 83.20 48.24
1.88 408.76
39.40 91.30 25.30 4.08 410.08
37.06 186.38 20.90 16.60 510.94
33.38 152.90 14.57 0.00 530.85
6.21 53.37 15.49 0.01 155.08
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short |
10.0 11.3
9.4 7.8
10.0 9.7
9.6 9.0
9.6 9.5
9.8 7.8
8.6 9.6
8.7 8.8
8.8 8.2
9.1 10.5
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
25 0
29 0
0 4
0 7
22 21
2 0
8 0
7 1
0 9
0 0
20 18 0
5 15 0
0010
0010
0 17 0
87 66 11 0
0060
0 59 7 0
64 40
0 00
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Med | Long | Ave
11.9 10.4
10.0 8.7
6.7 9.9 9.7
8.4 9.2 9.4
10.0 9.7
9.7 18.0 9.4
8.2 10.0 8.7
8.3 15.0 9.0
8.4 8.6
5.1 9.2
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
9616 9393 9911
9446 9060 9048
9620
9250
9560 9654 9797 9494 9599
9584 8857 9269 9930 9483
9528 9505 9003
9406
9636 9496 9040 10000 9547
9666 9146 10000 10000 9598
9514 9382 9835 9146 9467
9484 9380 9636
9549 9394 9000
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
3 0 20
14 0 5
14 19 0
20 0 0
13 48 0
4 22 93
600
9 25 0
4 42 0
080
Speed Control (% usage)
Local
Short | Med |
000
000
0 16 0
1 0 0
2 31 0
15 7 6
600
3 42 0
1 21 0
000
Long | Ave |Mobile4
7 13
0 13
0 4 13
0 1 13
5 13
0 13 13
0 5 13
0 17 10
6 6
0 3
Long | Ave |Mobile4
4 27
7 27
0 14 27
0 15 27
14 27
0 17 27
0 4 27
0 14 20
14 13
3 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
1 0 0
14 0 0
17 16 0
6 2 13
26 67 0
2 25 6
6 4 46
4 9 91
23 32 0
23 0 0
9460
9445
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
66.663 19.751 6.808 6.779
46.288 47.883 5.829 0.000
65.508 25.983 7.164 1.345
74.789 14.025 7.930 3.256
62.282 14.901 22.721 0.096
67.384 20.354 11.802 0.460
70.570 22.264 6.170 0.996
56.182 36.477 4.091 3.250
68.452 28.803 2.745 0.000
55.592 34.413 9.987 0.008
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
85 100 100 90 67
86 100 100 93 67
90 100 20 3 86 67
78 100 87 65 81 67
84 98 5 68 67
58 58 100 100 63 67
58 93 20 100 62 67
72 91 35 100 79 64
76 100 78 82 61
59 93 4 65 58
(% usage)
Long | Ave |Mobile4
1
7
0
0
97 17 0
35 7
0
25 0
66 7
0 8
0 9
0
0
0
25 0
13 0
| Total
100.001
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
Table A-2. Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles Class 3
A-11
-------
Total VMT (million miles)
MY L
92 6
91 2(
90 2-
89 3-
88 7'
87 1<
86 3*
85 3^
84 2(
83 3
ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
6.11 19.75 20.26 151.17 257.29
D4.29 30.26 34.74 '
.25 270.54
7.67 81.72 14.09 179.30 492.78
7.97 144.81 10.91 22.25 495.94
13.61 94.58 98.83 0.01 937.03
37.57 55.34 41.06 12.23 306.20
36.74 101.55 25.90 13.78 527.97
31.62 57.60 0.71 4.19 394.12
36.58 42.44 24.03 4.27 337.32
3.54 52.29 40.99 48.67 175.49
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short
Med | Long | Ave
11.0 10.5 10.7
9.0 8.1 8.4 9.2 8.9
9.7 9.6 10.0 9.6
8.6 14.2 8.0 10.2 10.2
9.0 6.8 11.0 8.8
9.0 9.2 9.0 10.1 9.1
8.2 7.7 10.5 7.5 8.2
8.2 9.1 9.7 8.3
8.7 8.6 5.0 8.4
9.9 6.4 6.3 7.1
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long j
33 0
6 0
0 31
2 2
4 2
3 48
5 4
0 0
3 22
0 0
0
0 0
0
80 0
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Ave |Mobile4
8 0
5 0
5 0
3 0
3 0
10 0
5 0
0 0
5 0
0 0
Average Weight
(Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
11615 11924
11660
11693 11966 11189 13636 11622
12171 11336 11500 11793
11901 11924 12500 11181 11882
12221 12938 12589
12360
11953 11168 12080 11963 11830
11840 12788 11666 12375 11991
12052 12175 13091 12078
11905 11944 13266
12031
12049 12402 11813 12093
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
29 41
10 0 27
14 5
10 5 100
724
980
1 8 10
1 29
3 22 0
18 22
Speed Control (% usage)
Local |
0
8
0
1
4
5
3
4
10
2
Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
21 0 2 13
0 0 0 6 13
0 0 0 13
14 20 0 5 13
0 17 5 13
0 0 0 3 13
4 0 0 3 13
28 0 7 10
13 36 12 6
46 81 34 3
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 10 27
82 12 27
1 7 27
88 13 27
7 27
0 7 27
0 3 27
0 4 20
5 13
0 10 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
3 39
15 12 0
0 28
460
920
17 22 0
6 10 10
8 27
6 22 0
2 20
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
| Total
25.694 7.675 7.874 58.757 100.000
75.513 11.184 12.842 0.462 100.001
44.171 16.584 2.859 36.386 100.000
64.114 29.199 2.200 4.487 100.000
79.359 10.093 10.547 0.001
100.000
64.524 18.073 13.409 3.994 100.000
73.250 19.233 4.906 2.611
100.000
84.144 14.614 0.179 1.063 100.000
79.031 12.581 7.123 1.266 100.001
19.114 29.796 23.356 27.734 100.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
84 100 100 96 67
93 100 100 100 95 67
95 88
67 96
43 76
100 96 67
80 94 76 67
91 51 67
92 100 100 100 95 67
81 84
63 80
68 43
36 42
100 100 83 67
96 66 64
64 65 61
0 48 58
(% usage)
Long | Ave
0 4
0 13
0 5
0 4
7
42 16
0 7
45 11
8
0 6
|Mobile4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table A-3. Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles Class 4
A-12
-------
MY L
92 2
91 5
90 4
89 6
88 5
87 7
86 7
85 9
84 1
83 5
Total VMT (million miles)
ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
8.26 1.40 0.00 0.00 29.66
2.00 37.44 6.69 10.37 106.50
1.19 55.60 0.84 31.30 128.93
6.04 33.64 2.55 0.13 102.36
7.54 15.39 8.12 8.64 89.69
7.60 31.41 14.91 259.32 383.24
9.64 25.01 7.36 0.97 112.98
2.20 29.73 7.74 6.39 136.06
9.34 2.21 41.95 0.00 63.50
3.83 10.44 0.00 6.99 71.26
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Aerodynamic Devices (%
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short
Med | Long | Ave
8.9 8.9
11.6 6.5 8.2 9.5
8.8 10.5 9.9
9.1 9.2 9.0
7.3 9.3 12.0 8.1
7.8 9.7 6.0 7.9
8.1 6.0 7.7
8.1 9.5 5.8 8.1
7.8 7.2 6.3
6.2 7.7 6.5
usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
0
0 30 7
2 7
0 0
14 44 0
23 16 0
14 0
12 0 0
0 0
0 0
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
0 0
11 0
4 0
0 0
16 0
5 0
10 0
8 0
66 0
0 0
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
15243
15246
15755 15303 15115 15530
15365 14685
15303 14785
14907
15148
15082 15668 16000 15361
15358 15000 15038 15269
15505 14761 15000 15391
15454 15288 15154 15441
15440 15922
15104 14653
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
15
85 0
18 6
16 25
9 37
22 0
38 8
41 0
0 0
3 0
I
Speed Control (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
0
5
6
19
11
24
0
44
9
12
0 13
0 44 7 13
1 2 13
0 13 13
18 0 18 13
16 2 6 13
11 10 13
28 0 42 10
0 36
67 21 3
Long | Ave |Mobile4
15 27
7 47 27
7 27
18 27
0 20 27
0 4 27
36 27
0 35 20
0 13
2 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
7
0 70
20 0
11 0
0 59
16 16
14 11
6 0
0 0
0 4
15417
15028
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
| Total
95.274 4.726 0.000 0.000 100.000
48.824 35.158 6.278 9.740 100.000
31.945 43.126 0.652 24.277 100.000
64.519 32.863 2.487 0.132 100.001
64.156 17.157 9.058 9.629 100.000
20.248 8.196 3.891 67.665 100.000
70.491 22.141 6.510 0.857 99.999
67.763 21.852 5.689 4.696 100.000
30.460 3.478 66.061 0.000 99.999
75.540 14.654 0.000 9.807 100.001
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
49
Long | Ave |Mobile4
49 67
100 100 100 100 67
82 39 66 67
53 0
38 67
65 82 0 62 67
62 94 100 93 67
88 61 84 67
87 75 83 85 64
29 92 78 61
67 8
57 58
(% usage)
Long | Ave |Mobile4
7
0 24
5
7
0 18
0 3
19
0 10
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table A-4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles Class 5
A-13
-------
MY L
92
91 3
90 £
89 £
88 3
87 e
86 1
85 7
84 e
83 e
Total VMT (million miles)
.ocal |
D.99
2.49
1.68
5.51
9.59
0.00
D1.20
5.51
8.39
8.61
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Short | Med | Long
Total
5.50 0.09 0.00 6.58
9.92 0.21 10.50 53.12
13.37 3.64 0.00 68.69
18.09 0.26 0.00 73.86
22.15 0.00 0.00 61.74
17.57 0.61 0.00 78.18
35.62 7.93 0.09 144.84
6.61 22.28 0.66 105.06
14.36 0.42 0.03 83.20
4.64 9.39 7.49 90.13
Aerodynamic Devices (%
Fuel Economy (mpg
Local [Short
Med | Long
8.3 6.0
7.0 12.4
8.5
6.2 6.5
6.7 8.2
8.8 6.9
6.9 8.4
6.9 7.6
8.4 7.4
6.6 9.2
usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 0
0 0
1
0 7
0 7
6 7
25 0 20 7
0 0
0 7
18 0 15 7
7 0
0 0
3 0
5 7
0 6
2 6
35 0 27 5
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Ave
7.3
7.6
8.5
6.3
7.2
8.4
7.3
7.0
8.2
6.7
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
17575 18000
17823 17149
18383
18273 18390
17411 18000
17298 17648
17618 18588
18207 17934
18002 17610
17716 18020
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
73 0
24 0
37
14 0
38 0
39 43
7 0
3 0
21 73
27 0
Speed Control (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
27
1
28
49
0
46
45
4
32
57
0 5
0 21
23
10 41
0 0
65 49
0 33
0 3
24 31
96 48
|Mobile4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
2
1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
13 27
15 27
35 27
11 27
25 27
40 27
5 27
3 20
30 13
20 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
0 0
0 0
2
25 10
7 19
29 0
6 0
8 0
6 23
9 0
17755
17733
18156
18298
17612
17365
17884
18157
17932
17649
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
Total
15.088 83.596 1.316 0.000 100.000
61.163 18.674 0.392 19.770 99.999
75.240 19.461 5.299 0.000 100.000
75.160 24.495 0.345 0.000 100.000
64.123 35.877 0.000 0.000 100.000
76.743 22.473 0.784 0.000 100.000
69.868 24.595 5.477 0.060 100.000
71.872 6.289 21.211 0.628 100.000
82.200 17.257 0.510 0.033 100.000
76.124 5.151 10.419 8.306 100.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 84 70 14
30 100 57 14
49
58 14
34 67 41 14
71 100 81 14
70 54 67 14
45 77 54 14
39 31 31 14
74 46 69 14
34
4 36 14
(% usage)
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 90
0 90
15 90
22 90
11 90
24 90
4 90
6 80
9 70
17 60
Table A-5. Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles Class 6
A-14
-------
Total VMT (million miles)
MY L
92 2
91 3
90 1
89 9
88 6
87 1:
86 1:
85 1:
84 9
83 6
ocal | Short | Med | Long
0.01 10.19 0.00 0.
1.98 1
.92 0.30 0.
14.23 34.75 0.05 0.
3.89 13.06 0.57 1.
1.15 37.12 3.85 0.
35.81 11.68 3.24 0.
38.11 41.93 13.88 2.
39.51 11.35 0.13 0.
Total
19 30.39
00 34.20
00 149.03
35 108.87
01 102.13
21 150.94
63 196.55
14 151.13
8.63 26.80 1.51 147.85 274.79
3.37 33.14 7.03 0.
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
00 103.54
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
8.1 6.8 7.6
8.9 4.8 8.8
7.1 9.5 7.7
7.2 4.8 6.9
8.3 6.7 7.9
6.9 5.3 6.3 6.8
7.3 7.7 7.5 7.5
7.3 7.5 7.3
7.1 7.1 7.3 7.2
6.9 4.5 6.3
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
24 0
45 0
0 53
4 0
18 0
2 0
3 0
0 0
0 0
2 0
16 7
44 7
12 7
4 7
11 7
0 27
087
0 6
006
1 5
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
20455 20357 20421
24320 25886 24339
21381 22409 21620
23098 22233 23039
22592 20359 21888
22685 21200 25355 22664
21750 21421 22912 21843
22522 21649 22476
22626 22087 21798 22132
22324 25950 23176
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
1 91
12 77
15 53
32 0
42 48
12 0 0
25 13
5 5
19 2
6 0
Speed Control (% usage)
Local
Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
13 91 38 4
11 23 11 4
20 78 33 4
12 77 20 4
29 9 21 4
32 3 0 30 4
46 31 0 45 4
20 72 23 3
34 14 2 15 2
14 97 36 1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
30 27
13 27
24 27
28 27
43 27
11 27
73 27 27
5 20
0 7 13
4 7
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
65.829 33.532 0.000 0.639
93.498 5.620 0.881 0.000
76.648 23.318 0.035 0.000
86.239 11.997 0.523 1.241
59.877 36.349 3.768 0.007
89.975 7.739 2.146 0.140
70.264 21.334 7.063 1.339
92.307 7.511 0.087 0.095
| Total
100.000
99.999
100.001
100.000
100.001
100.000
100.000
100.000
35.891 9.753 0.551 53.805 100.000
61.204 32.009 6.787 0.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
83 100 88 14
90 23 90 14
72 98 78 14
73 0
66 14
75 66 72 14
31 100 35 35 14
58 86 100 66 14
50 55 50 14
36 41 100 71 14
11 100 42 14
Fan Drives (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
00 0
8 23 8
110 8
50 4
90 6
600 6
90 0 12
1 0 1
7 22 04
60 4
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
80
70
60
100.000
Table A-6. Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles Class 7
A-15
-------
Total VMT (million miles)
MY L
92 I
91 2
90 I
89 3
88 3
87 6
86 4
85 6
84 3
83 1
ocal | Short | Med | Long | Total
3.68
0.99 5.86 0.00 15.53
8.70 4.26 0.47 0.00 33.43
3.90
3.09
0.68 0.02 0.00 9.60
5.49 0.03 1.94 40.55
5.74 15.13 7.68 0.00 58.55
0.75 4.27 0.04 8.32 73.38
8.71
5.32 28.52 0.97 83.52
5.04 4.72 2.78 0.00 72.54
6.85 2.09 0.00 0.00 38.94
3.00 4.07 0.00 0.08 17.15
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Aerodynamic Devices
Local | Short | Med |
44
0
29
3 0
7 0
0
0 0 56
20 0 0
0 0
0 0
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Long
38
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
11.8
7.7
7.9
6.0 3.5
5.9 10.5
6.3
7.6 4.0 5
6.9 4.8 4
5.5 13.3
7.2 8.7
S% usage)
Ave |Mobile4
27 7
0 7
27 7
4 7
17 7
0 7
19 7
18 6
0 6
0 5
13.8
7.7
7.7
6.4 5.7
7.7
6.1
.3 6.6
.8 6.7
6.0
7.6
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
27934
29899
28859
29390 28963 3051
29305 27794
28915
28914 28000 30000
29285 28005 31993
28751 28358
28889 28579
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
0
3
17
32 0
39 0
22
22 0 0
25 8 0
0 0
1 0
Speed Control (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
0
10
18
59
18
29
37
47
20
1
21
0
0 44
8 0
20
53
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 4
10 4
17 4
34 52 4
24 4
38 4
38 4
44
3
20 2
14
1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
38 27
3 27
16 27
38 28 27
37 27
30 27
13 27
23 20
0 13
1 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
0
0
13
8 28
3 0
16
23 0 0
30 0 0
3 4
0 0
28148
29899
28747
1 29384
28735
28824
29237
29312
28728
28814
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
Total
55.873 6.379 37.748 0.000 100.000
85.866 12.733 1.401 0.000 100.000
92.727 7.052 0.221 0.000 100.000
81.598 13.530 0.083 4.789 100.000
61.041 25.834 13.125 0.000 100.000
82.802 5.814 0.048 11.336 100.000
58.333 6.366 34.146 1.156 100.001
89.659 6.513 3.828 0.000 100.000
94.644 5.356 0.000 0.000 100.000
75.776 23.750 0.000 0.474 100.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
100
92
87
64
Long | Ave |Mobile4
100 14
92 14
88 14
0 100 57 14
26 100 55 14
41
48
36 14
0 56 48 14
66 92 100 68 14
73 80 73 14
99 87 96 14
(% usage)
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 90
0 90
12 90
38 12 90
15 90
25 90
14 90
27 80
3 70
0 60
Table 7. Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles Class 8A
A-16
-------
MY L
92 ;
91 :
90 1
89 !
88 2
87 2
86 2
85 1
84 <
83 1
Total VMT (million miles)
ocal | Short | Med | Long | "
2.45
3.03
0.98
5.97
3.28
3.92
2.74
9.65 0.00 0.00 1
3.11 0.70 3.96 1
0.49 0.17 0.00 1
0.21 0.09 0.00
3.85 0.00 0.00 2
0.40 0.29 0.00 2
1.11 0.00 0.00 2
2.13 10.27 0.00 0.00 2
1.16 2.71 4.46 0.00 1
1.89
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
0.01 3.01 0.00 1
Fuel Economy (mpg)
fotal Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
2.10 6.3
0.80 12.1
1.64 7.2
3.27 5.1
7.13 5.8
4.61 8.5
3.85 6.1 12.4
2.40 6.4
1.33 7.2 4.2
4.91 4.6
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
0 0
18
9
11
0
0
0 8
0
4 0
0
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 7
100 73 7
9 7
11 7
0 7
0 7
0 7
0 6
2 6
0 5
6.3
6.2 7.8
7.2
5.1
5.6
8.5
6.4
5.8
8.5
4.5
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
39343 37816
38126
38164 35000 40272
37235
42006
36059
37461
44328 48339
41427
40583 39324
42355
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
0 0
82
42
11
0
4
39 0
0
4 6
21
Speed Control (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
0 0
18
52
82
2
78
67 33
2
4 72
8
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 4
0 29 4
52 4
80 4
16 4
78 4
65 4
1
3
16 2
26
1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 27
100 71 27
42 27
11 27
0 27
4 27
37 27
0 20
41 13
17 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
0 0
0
9
7
0
5
0 8
1
5 21
6
37235
42135
35771
37461
44524
41662
40870
42285
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
Total
20.261 79.739 0.000 0.000 100.000
28.035 28.767 6.479 36.718 99.999
94.321 4.210 1.469 0.000 100.000
95.203 3.381 1.416 0.000 100.000
85.820 14.180 0.000 0.000 100.000
97.205 1.626 1.168 0.000 99.999
95.349 4.651 0.000 0.000 100.000
54.148 45.852 0.000 0.000 100.000
36.729 23.928 39.343 0.000 100.000
79.747 0.053 20.199 0.000 99.999
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
88 100 98 14
18
10
100
83
16
100 75 14
10 14
98 14
85 14
16 14
39 67 40 14
25
56 14
0 34 7 14
64
71 14
(% usage)
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 90
100 46 90
9 90
7 90
14 90
5 90
0 90
0 80
44 70
5 60
Table A-8. Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicles Class 2B
A-17
-------
MY
92 1
91
90 1
89 1
88 1
87
86 1
85
84
83
Total VMT (million
Local
miles)
Short | Med | Long
Total
19.63 46.04 7.44 8.12 181.23
34.43 33.89 9.29 9.23 116.84
79.13 107.11 28.65 15.07 329.96
44.88 81.41 6.01 4.16 236.46
09.61 87.95 62.49 22.33 282.38
39.80 128.16 3.64 0.00 201.60
98.46 46.13 27.39 0.13 272.11
49.53 11.38 7.97 17.97 86.85
48.13 4.76 11.37 6.98 71.24
38.68 37.29 2.92 0.03 78.92
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short
Med | Long | Ave
12.5 12.3 13.5 10.6 12.4
10.6 15.6 9.5 13.4 12.0
10.9 12.4 13.6 11.6
11.9 13.0 13.2 12.4
13.8 10.5 10.1 12.3 11.8
13.1 10.8 11.7
11.6 12.4 16.4 12.2
12.3 10.0 11.3
13.8 7.9 15.0 9.2 13.2
10.4 11.4 10.8
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
5 41 88 0
4 0
0 0
6 10 51
1 3
0
1 29 23 0
12 0
1 25
0 0
8 0
0 0
0
0 0
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
17 0
2 0
10 0
3 0
15 0
5 0
5 0
0 0
6 0
0 0
Average Weight
(Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
9458 9791 8814 10000 9542
9617 9503 10000 9897 9642
9537 9632 9313
9491 9464 10000
9563
9486
9571 9661 9815 9582 9655
9675 9697
9451 9523 9860
9690
9502
9631 10000 10000 9782
9798 9908 9008 9825 9680
9643 9551
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
16 52 91
13 9 100
30 10 51
7 23 0
37 42 58
16 4
7 20 0
30 18
800
0 27
I
Speed Control (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
18
7
33
21
54
17
17
0
8
38
7 88 0 17 13
55 40 24 24 13
9 49 25 13
20 0 19 13
4 43 17 33 13
30 25 13
44 0 20 13
45 5 10
91 99 13 26 6
57 46 3
Long | Ave |Mobile4
0 27 27
0 19 27
29 27
13 27
0 41 27
8 27
9 27
20 20
0 6 13
13 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
480
8 55 23
26 11 51
3 9 70
14 7 14
8 70
8 20 78
27 0
18 0 0
29 27
9594
Travel Fractions (%)
Local
Short | Med | Long
| Total
66.008 25.406 4.105 4.480 99.999
55.144 29.004 7.952 7.900 100.000
54.287 32.461 8.684 4.568 100.000
61.270 34.429 2.541 1.760 100.000
38.818 31.146 22.129 7.907 100.000
34.624 63.572 1.804 0.000 100.000
72.935 16.952 10.066 0.048 100.001
57.029 13.105 9.176 20.690 100.000
67.559 6.686 15.962 9.793 100.000
49.011 47.251 3.706 0.032 100.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
58 78
80 92
76 87
75 83
82 70
83 83
85 66
61 45
49 91
44 57
Long | Ave |Mobile4
100 95 66 67
100 79 85 67
100 83 67
70 78 67
65 100 76 67
82 67
90 83 67
61 64
100 100 64 61
52 58
(% usage)
Long | Ave
95 9
0 21
22
6
0 11
47
17
36
87 21
27
|Mobile4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table A-9. Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Class 3
A-18
-------
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Total VMT (million miles)
Local | Short | Med | Long
Total
202.96 167.60 47.77 181.12 599.45
149.50 79.85 60.75 38
295.52 199.16 52.50 89
328.51 234.86 23.45 86
165.52 71.00 23.87 26
186.79 154.17 20.04 0.
321.20 129.42 68.76 26
85.06 64.82 13.78 1.
63.70 26.18 6.30 1.
47.41 4.48 2.99 1.
Aerodynamic Devices
Local | Short | Med | Long
10 4 0 3
28 22 69 15
26 34 1 19
4 29 20 0
7000
8 68 58
2200
1 11 0
03 0
700
.95 329.05
.25 636.43
.04 672.86
.99 287.38
47 361.47
.41 545.79
75 165.41
66 97.84
29 56.17
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
12.9 10.4 12.5 9.5 11.1
11.5 11.6 9.9 11.1 11.2
12.0 11.3 11.5 10.9 11.6
11.5 9.1 9.1 13.5 10.6
13.
I 11.3 6.5 10.3 11.8
10.7 10.3 12.0 10.6
13.7 9.6 7.9 9.7 11.9
11.2 10.6 12.4 11.0
9.8 9.3 12.1 9.6
9.4 14.7 8.5 9.8
(% usage)
| Ave |Mobile4
5 0
32 0
25 0
12 0
4 0
36 0
2 0
5 0
1 0
6 0
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short
Med | Long | Ave
11840 12919 12253 11151 11959
12570 12178 13233 11492 12454
12462 11840 12316 11489 12121
12108 12843 13024 11338 12369
12340 12171 12744 12656 12362
12001 11319 12150 11730
12211 13407 11200 13000 12384
12292 12310 12000 12280
12393 12146 13000 12276
13789 11778 11198 13468
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long |
29 26 0 22
39 30 69 94
31 19 6 94
21 61 20 14
10 14 0 6
21 12 32
4500
35 19 65
00 0
26 0 0
Ave |Mobile4
24 27
48 27
34 27
33 27
10 27
18 27
3
27
30 20
0
13
22 7
Speed Control (% usage)
Local
Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
16 34
34 40
38 46
25 17
22 17
20 35
8 79
19 11
23 5
26 0
45 7 20 13
0 0 26 13
85 2 40 13
29 0 19 13
68 6 23 13
95 31 13
14 0 25 13
65 19 10
49 17 6
100 28 3
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Total
33.859 27.959 7.969 30.214 100.001
45.432 24.267 18.463 11.837 99.999
46.434 31.293 8.250 14.023 100.000
48.822 34.905 3.486 12.788 100.001
57.596 24.705 8.306 9.393 100.000
51.674 42.652 5.543 0.131 100.000
58.851 23.712 12.597 4.839 99.999
51.425 39.185 8.333 1.057 100.000
65.107 26.756 6.439 1.698 100.000
84.411 7.980 5.320 2.289 100.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
62 71 84 84 73 67
84 93 100 100 90 67
75 72 100 100 80 67
88 71 66 99 83 67
81 64 72 100 78 67
66 93 79 78 67
92 93 68 3 85 67
91 94 100 93 64
65 100 100 78 61
40 81 100 47 58
Fan Drives (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
15 15 9 0 10 0
32 25 0 15 23 0
27 24 10 19 23 0
25 9 17 2 17 0
16 1 0 0 10 0
5 34 32 18 0
7 0 14 0 6 0
13 40 65 27 0
20 0 49 20 0
000 00
Table A-10. Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Class 4
A-19
-------
MY L
92 3
91 8
90 1<
89 6
88 1<
87 7
86 3
85 4
84 3
83 3
Total VMT (million miles)
ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
4.22 81.94 2.09 14.81 133.06
2.39 24.28 9.54 23.92 140.13
H.20 79.55 40.76 18.39 279.90
7.34 109.48 3.63 7.45 187.90
H.63 76.79 9.71 24.23 252.36
5.72 28.04 8.75 9.15 121.66
9.26 85.34 12.78 1.14 138.52
4.44 16.64 0.34 11.82 73.24
9.97 44.57 31.96 0.08 116.58
1.85
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
4.36 0.07 0.00 36.28
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
9.9 9.9 9.5
9.9
11.6 10.2 9.1 12.9
9.9 11.2 8.1 11.2 10.1
11.1 9.6 16.0 10.4
8.4 11.4 7.9 8.7
9.8 8.9 5.7 11.4
9.3 8.8
8.2 9.0 7.9
7.0 7.0 4.7
8.3 4.5
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
6 11 090
4 75 16 11 0
5 83 3 0 25 0
22 0 080
6 0 0 73 9 0
0 15 0 0 3 0
19 21 18 0
23 0 0 15 0
000 00
20 20
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
9.7
9.5
9.0
8.3
6.4
8.1
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
15069 15006 14250 15014
15077 15544 15780 15339
15035 14933 15170 15032 15027
15349 14891 16000 15105
15033 14551 15075 15366 14883
15498 15111 15000 14853 15334
15313 15590 15461
15217 14659 15536 15168
15459 14732 15076 15065
15285 15133 15272
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short
27 33
4 7
20 42
27 27
15 0
18 39
10 35
40 0
2 0
0 0
| Med | Long |
0
78
99 6
0
0
0
100
78
0
0
Speed Control (% usage)
Local
Short | Med
Long | Ave
12 32 0 23
4 0 78 27
7 47 28 0 20
28 0 0 10
16 2 0 73 16
19 30 6 0 19
33 27 26
45 0 0 29
37 3 2 14
23 87 29
Mobile4
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
10
6
3
Ave |Mobile4
28 27
9 27
36 27
31 27
15 27
20 27
24 27
26 20
1 13
0 7
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
25.717 61.584 1.568 11.131
58.797 17.328 6.807 17.069
50.447 28.420 14.563 6.570
35.838 58.266 1.930 3.965
56.124 30.428 3.847 9.601
62.238 23.045 7.195 7.522
28.343 61.609 9.223 0.825
60.681 22.722 0.465 16.133
34.286 38.236 27.413 0.065
87.782 12.014 0.204 0.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short
78 76
87 100
36 100
80 73
67 99
51 97
90 88
36 28
23 6
58 87
| Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
100 79 67
94 91 67
73 100 62 67
100 77 67
100 78 78 67
14 100 62 67
81 67
100 45 64
10 13 61
61 58
Fan Drives (% usage)
Local
41
0
12
17
4
16
20
37
5
0
Short | Med
Long | Ave
14 11 21
0 78 5
42 72 94 34
27 100 27
0 8 22 4
16 0 0 13
39 29
0 0 24
02 2
0 0
Mobile4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
| Total
100.000
100.001
100.000
99.999
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.001
100.000
100.000
Table A-ll. Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Class 5
A-20
-------
Total VMT (million miles)
MY I
92 1
91 1
90 1
89 1
88 1
87 J
86 J
85 J
84 €
83 £
.ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
08.33 18.16 0.19 72.11 198.79
25.81 73.72 26.18 80.35 306.06
89.90 54.99 12.47 43.57 300.93
23.10 65.49 9.36 21
.25 219.20
12.16 19.54 36.63 29.08 197.41
59.06 23.10 16.28 11
.59 140.03
59.83 42.00 21.89 12.26 165.98
53.70 27.08 25.33 16.88 152.99
54.96 13.04 0.05 6
52.29 12.35 24.76 1
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
76 84.81
82 91 .22
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
9.5
9.2 9.7
8.9 10.6 10.0 9.4
9.3 11.9 10.2 9.2
11.8
10.0
7.9 10.8 10.7
9.2 10.1 9.9
8.5 11.9 7.5 9.2
9.0
7.6 4.5 8.4
9.5 10.4 10.7 9.9
7.4
7.4
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
2 86
20 16 7
9 2 31 9 9 7
9 37
10 7
8 0
5 0
4 0
0 14
15 6
0 8
0 14 15 7
0 13 9 7
9267
0 43 6 7
0027
0026
0 12 6
0 1 5
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
9.2 8.1
8.1 7.6
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
17392 18625 17795
17574 17327 17263 17537
17644 18010 17293 17693
18162 18779 18867 18096
18316 17892 17975 18146
17958 17213 18194 17920
17851 17524 17565 17778
17779 17141 18819 17709
18210 16800 18136
17197 18185
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
37 92
34 0 4
34 17 0
16 27 44
26 0 0
24 0 1
17 6 76
34 50 0
15 0
1 0 3
Speed Control (% Penetration)
Local
Short | Med |
77 6
29 39 2
380
33 3 44
31 86 0
25 13 0
27 23 0
42 54 5
31 77
22 0 3
Long | Ave |Mobile4
18 49 4
0 22 4
14 5 4
13 23 4
0 25 4
31 20 4
0 21 4
82 43 3
73 41 2
15 1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
63 51 27
89 39 27
61 33 27
87 27 27
0 16 27
69 22 27
0 21 27
14 29 20
74 18 13
2 7
17575
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
Total
54.498 9.134 0.093 36.275 100.000
41.105 24.088 8.555 26.253 100.001
63.104 18.273 4.144 14.479 100.000
56.159 29.876 4.270 9.696 100.001
56.816 9.896 18.557 14.731 100.000
63.601 16.495 11.629 8.275 100.000
54.123 25.302 13.189 7.386 100.000
54.712 17.701 16.554 11.033 100.000
76.587 15.380 0.064 7.969 100.000
57.319 13.542 27.142 1.997 100.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
81 92
98 76
100 91
95 46
62 44
44 93
88 23
87 85
88 83
Long | Ave |Mobile4
100 89 14
100 89 91 14
100 100 98 14
100 100 81 14
100 77 70 14
76 69 57 14
81 38 68 14
5 100 76 14
27 83 14
28 100 100 55 14
Fan Drives (% Penetration)
Local | Short | Med |
30 86
13 76 2
10 26 0
31 7 0
54 0 53
28 0 3
16 0 0
840
2 0
1 66 0
Long | Ave
20 31
0 24
36 16
0 20
0 42
43 22
38 12
68 13
0 1
7
|Mobile4
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
80
70
60
Table A-12. Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Class 6
A-21
-------
Total VMT (million miles)
MY L
92 1
91 3
90 2
89 2
88 3
87 2
86 3
85 3
84 2
83 £
.ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
14.13 37.83 106.97 89.35 348.28
05.30 146.70 134.02 110.71 696.73
58.07 204.93 45.55 98.85 607.40
45.80 216.89 40.60 58.96 562.25
56.96 133.85 70.56 63.74 625.11
83.78 150.81 56.97 62.73 554.29
45.20 272.40 80.85 26.00 724.45
40.51 149.33 76.17 38.91 604.92
96.21 235.79 80.73 16.89 629.62
54.86 33.40 13.11 8
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
02 139.39
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
7.9 10.3
7.8 8.0
8.1 7.7
8.2 8.9
8.8 9.3
7.9 8.5
7.6 8.8
7.6 8.2
8.1 7.9
9.1 6.7
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
13 8
6 32 16 7
8 24 19 78 25 7
28 13
24 11
3 7
14 28
8 3
6 5 18 7
9 19 17 7
5757
9 0 15 7
8 38 7 7
6 1 65 67 16 6
1 8
1 0
9 10 5 6
0 19 1 5
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
8.1 8.3 8.3
9.4 8.4 8.2
8.1 8.8 8.1
7.5 11.8 8.8
8.6 8.7 8.9
8.9 8.8 8.3
8.0 7.2 8.1
7.2 6.1 7.6
8.6 5.0 8.0
6.3 5.5 8.0
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
23533 22788 21860 22212 22587
22675 23459 23297 23881 23146
22047 23513 21513 22536 22595
23194 22610 23919 24590 23163
23117 22828 22466 24456 23131
22580 22938 24194 24242 23025
22513 22114 21512 23534 22291
22958 23022 25292 21933 23253
23370 22511 23970 23479 23145
22256 25125 25019 20973 23109
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
16 33 8
17 39 35
44 63 39
31 22 43
26 11 24
31 16 49
15 11 15
16 15 11
11 9 22
2 11 98
Speed Control (% usage)
Local
Short | Med |
33 31 55
36 28 51
45 37 29
32 41 63
33 13 41
36 41 92
19 33 93
25 16 11
37 59 3
40 73 98
Long | Ave |Mobile4
23 37 4
43 38 4
21 37 4
39 39 4
14 28 4
23 42 4
15 32 4
13 21 3
13 40 2
95 56 1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
45 23 27
95 38 27
25 47 27
2 25 27
7 21 27
0 26 27
34 14 27
54 17 20
26 12 13
0 12 7
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
31 47 18
36 49 23
44 55 6
32 10 35
35 4 29
22 13 17
21 18 4
26 30 11
18 33 9
720
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
32.769 10.862 30.714 25.655
43.819 21.056 19.235 15.890
42.487 33.739 7.499 16.274
43.718 38.575 7.221 10.487
57.103 21.412 11.288 10.196
51.197 27.207 10.278 11.317
47.650 37.601 11.160 3.589
56.290 24.686 12.592 6.432
47.046 37.449 12.822 2.682
60.877 23.961 9.405 5.757
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
72 100 86 91 84 14
65 92
75 92
72 90
82 88
72 82
73 87
62 64
73 86
76 22
99 100 83 14
71 85 82 14
100 100 84 14
73 75 81 14
97 92 79 14
95 51 80 14
100 79 69 14
87 80 79 14
98 100 66 14
(% usage)
Long | Ave
45 32
54 39
18 41
18 22
8 26
2 17
37 19
15 24
8 22
95 10
|Mobile4
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
80
70
60
| Total
100.000
100.000
99.999
100.001
99.999
99.999
100.000
100.000
99.999
100.000
Table A-13. Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Class 7
A-22
-------
Total VMT (million miles)
MY I
92 <
91 1
90 2
89 1
88 3
87 2
86 2
85 2
84 2
83 <
.ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
)7.07 154.94 30.21 192.84 475.06
58.69 58.76 33.68 123.02 374.15
01.51 73.90 135.06145.98556.45
77.12101.31 33.56 158.02470.01
19.51 154.35 60.34 125.86 660.06
92.60 156.28 91.34 44
.94 585.16
56.23144.22 16.90 103.81 521.16
39.77 133.39 37.51 90
56.74 76.02 36.22 68
)7.32 23.97 12.63 54
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
.31 500.98
.32 437.30
.65 188.57
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
7.9 7.2 8.0 7.5 7.5
7.9 8.0 6.5 6.5 7.3
7.3 6.7 8.5 6.8 7.4
7.1 7.8 7.7 6.9 7.2
8.9 7.3 8.0 6.3 8.0
7.8 8.1 6.4 7.1 7.6
7.6 7.3 5.9 6.6 7.3
7.2 10.0 5.9 6.4 7.7
7.3 7.6 6.4 5.9 7.0
6.6 6.6 5.2 4.6 5.9
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
26 14
7 46 30 7
26 17 24 57 35 7
30 17 33 65 39 7
14 3 17 51 24 7
4 14 14 49 16 7
6 19 52 61 21 7
21 3 42 65 25 7
5 5 46 12 9 6
8 7 38 23 13 6
1 0 27 8 5 5
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
30307 28747 27996 30672 29837
29557 29071 31633 30436 29955
30146 30298 28515 31101 29994
30661 28879 29740 30071 30025
30420 29881 29182 30023 30132
29966 29067 29717 30594 29744
29836 29015 30651 29650 29583
30525 28993 29302 29473 29865
29662 30389 30240 29796 29836
29253 31104 30839 31836 30314
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
40 48 47
37 65 19
27 37 60
22 33 29
15 38 60
19 45 16
19 20 0
54 15 65
14 13 39
10 0 1
Speed Control (% Penetration)
Local
Short | Med |
28 40 11
36 67 19
23 36 83
33 47 1
14 37 24
23 41 56
52 35 6
28 84 19
23 35 42
22 91 6
Long | Ave |Mobile4
38 36 4
24 35 4
39 44 4
25 31 4
43 25 4
48 35 4
50 46 4
6 37 3
35 28 2
4 24 1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
55 49 27
26 36 27
63 47 27
37 30 27
44 29 27
49 28 27
46 24 27
13 37 20
27 18 13
877
Travel Fractions (%)
Local | Short | Med | Long
Total
20.433 32.615 6.360 40.592 100.000
42.413 15.704 9.003 32.879 99.999
36.213 13.281 24.272 26.234 100.000
37.683 21.556 7.140 33.621 100.000
48.406 23.384 9.141 19.068 99.999
50.004 26.708 15.609 7.679 100.000
49.166 27.673 3.242 19.919 100.000
47.859 26.626 7.488 18.027 100.000
58.710 17.385 8.282 15.624 100.001
51.608 12.709 6.699 28.984 100.000
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
Long | Ave |Mobile4
87 62 100 77 75 14
75 94 74 100 86 14
84 98 100 85 90 14
81 97 99 80 85 14
83 68 95 93 83 14
76 70 75 93 76 14
72 79 95 100 80 14
84 95 99 53 82 14
84 90 87 83 85 14
51 100 100 18 50 14
Fan Drives (% Penetration)
Local | Short | Med |
39 23 43
32 32 62
28 69 37
24 31 31
25 29 48
15 48 33
19 10 5
59 77 54
19 12 34
8 0 31
Long | Ave |Mobile4
62 43
19 30
66 45
43 33
43 31
36 28
70 26
31 58
56 25
25 14
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
80
70
60
Table A-14. Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Class 8A
A-23
-------
MY L
92 2;
91 4;
90 7;
89 6f
88 6'
87 7:
86 6'
85 6(
84 6-
83 2<
Total VMT (million miles)
ocal | Short | Med | Long
Total
59.60 229.35 184.99 1651.382325.32
59.87 235.57 312.95 1450.57 2458.96
58.70 376.24 187.91 2142.29 3465.14
54.51 218.46 247.22 2322.66 3442.85
^8.28 261.95 248.72 1837.51 3026.46
59.57 369.69 267.94 1305.782682.98
H.48 286.46 316.88 1226.692471.51
17.61 288.81 414.96 1067.652379.03
1.44 276.24 235.21 979.30 2102.19
32.06 145.12 68.19 228.47 733.84
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Aerodynamic Devices (%
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short
Med | Long | Ave
5.7 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.2
6.6 6.0 6.9 6.2 6.4
6.2 6.0 6.4 6.0 6.1
5.7 5.8 6.3 6.0 5.9
6.2 6.0 6.6 6.0 6.1
6.0 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.1
6.2 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0
6.1 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.9
5.6 6.1 5.5 5.7 5.7
5.3 5.7 6.1 5.5 5.5
usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
42 42 41 80
23 41 64 82
24 25 73 79
11 17 49 63
10 29 53 69
20 15 33 60
11 29 38 51
13 26 25 54
4 20 28 61
9 34 40 28
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
70 7
65 7
61 7
49 7
52 7
41 7
37 7
35 6
35 6
22 5
Average Weight
(Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
48657 49922 47803 51876 51054
48179 48562 47890 50870 49790
45746 46805 49339 51323 49544
48711 49991 50889 49565 49503
48256 46550 49679 49798 49168
48152 46481 46712 47465 47459
48057 47437 47078 48991 48353
47276 46391 43691 49111 47412
47361 47141 47108 47925 47574
45750 43497 46912 51320 47202
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
48 50 83
36 34 48
27 31 58
23 34 69
26 36 47
36 32 33
21 43 56
27 18 61
22 26 25
27 44 42
Speed Control (% Penetration)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
50
46
42
34
41
36
38
37
34
44
48 65 73 68 4
52 61 67 61 4
36 46 67 58 4
40 34 50 46 4
45 19 43 41 4
41 56 36 39 4
36 35 43 40 4
37 19 36 33 3
58 24 46 42 2
56 49 36 44 1
Long | Ave |Mobile4
78 73 27
76 62 27
69 55 27
64 55 27
58 48 27
49 42 27
51 43 27
47 41 20
61 41 13
29 32 7
Travel Fractions (%)
Local
Short | Med | Long
| Total
11.164 9.863 7.956 71.017 100.000
18.702 9.580 12.727 58.991 100.000
21.895 10.858 5.423 61.824 100.000
19.011 6.345 7.181 67.463 100.000
22.412 8.655 8.218 60.715 100.000
27.565 13.779 9.987 48.669 100.000
25.955 11.591 12.821 49.633 100.000
25.540 12.140 17.442 44.877 99.999
29.086 13.141 11.189 46.585 100.001
39.798 19.776 9.292 31.133 99.999
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
85 85
89 80
85 87
78 84
77 87
83 89
76 90
78 90
82 87
75 88
Long | Ave |Mobile4
86 89 88 14
97 89 89 14
98 94 92 14
89 88 86 14
80 86 84 14
95 84 85 14
94 92 88 14
87 84 84 14
96 91 88 14
97 95 86 14
Fan Drives (% Penetration)
Local | Short | Med |
48 44 70
48 51 79
38 48 68
45 52 71
42 53 59
41 52 49
40 50 69
40 41 72
34 38 41
32 34 65
Long | Ave
75 69
72 66
69 60
71 65
62 57
57 51
67 58
49 49
63 49
42 38
|Mobile4
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
80
70
60
Table A-15. Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Class 8B
A-24
-------
Total VMT (millions of vehicle
MY L
92 1<
91 3*
90 5'
89 5*
88 7(
87 6f
86 4e
85 4-
84 6(
83 16
ocal | Short | Med | Long
34.63 439.95 649.36 8188.38
31.69 542.67 694.46 6686.13
14.32 625.62 737.69 7237.08
39.13 711.01 946.72 8146.60
D4.37 698.81 675.46 5475.33
51.83 764.43 681.17 4148.53
53.59 613.74 519.17 2845.66
^9.00 475.28 538.21 2812.09
D9.88 581.40 471.89 2433.14
54.96 343.66 256.58 789.57
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
miles)
| Total
9472.32
8304.95
9144.71
10393.46
7553.97
6245.96
4442.16
4304.58
4096.31
1554.77
Fuel Economy (mpg)
Local | Short
Med | Long | Ave
5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
5.4 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.9
5.9 5.5 5.8 5.8 5.8
5.4 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7
5.5 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.5
6.0 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5
5.5 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.5
5.1 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3
5.6 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.3
5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2
Aerodynamic Devices (% usage)
Local | Short | Med |
42 39 58
36 47 45
27 25 58
23 25 43
18 20 31
13 23 43
16 21 27
10 17 30
5 13 17
13 8 11
MY
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
Long | Ave |Mobile4
88 83 32
83 76 32
80 72 32
75 66 32
65 54 32
58 48 32
51 41 32
37 31 29
30 22 27
27 19 24
Average Weight (Ibs)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave
81820 81058 78677 74555 75173
76735 81164 78803 75293 75960
79391 80396 78654 75238 76028
76554 78683 79713 74549 75324
75823 80547 78529 75563 76234
75681 79375 76625 74961 75716
77097 78203 77148 75726 76361
75689 77984 75349 75258 75608
74808 79700 77984 75385 76148
75169 78371 77387 75066 76161
DriveTrain Optimization (% usage)
Local | Short | Med
55 56 60
46 58 64
46 67 58
40 44 55
37 36 40
34 36 62
32 46 46
24 28 45
32 37 32
16 26 31
| Long | Ave |Mobile4
86 83 27
81 77 27
69 67 27
69 65 27
66 59 27
57 53 27
53 49 27
43 40 20
39 37 13
32 29 7
Speed Control (% usage)
Local | Short | Med | Long | Ave |Mobile4
44 47 51 72 70 14
36 40 42 64 59 14
33 41 50 57 54 14
34 41 31 50 47 14
32 38 36 49 45 14
28 39 44 42 41 14
32 32 39 36 35 14
30 28 30 22 24 13
31 27 31 32 31 11
35 30 24 29 29 10
Fan Drives
Local | Short | Med |
52 55 77
41 69 66
55 65 60
68 59 72
62 54 59
54 69 71
45 67 61
62 56 61
53 57 69
42 47 61
Travel Fractions (%)
Local |
2.055
4.596
5.952
5.668
9.325
10.436
10.436
11.128
14.889
10.610
Short | Med | Long
| Total
4.645 6.855 86.445 100.000
6.534 8.362 80.508 100.000
6.841 8.067 79.140 100.000
6.841 9.109 78.382 100.000
9.251 8.942 72.483 100.001
12.239 10.906 66.419 100.000
13.816 11.687 64.060 99.999
11.041 12.503 65.328 100.000
14.193 11.520 59.398 100.000
22.104 16.503 50.784 100.001
Radial Tires (% usage)
Local | Short
92 86
89 94
75 93
93 84
82 96
87 91
94 93
93 90
82 90
89 91
| Med |
96
95
87
96
76
94
92
93
92
96
(% usage)
Long | Ave |Mobile4
81 79
75 72
70 68
66 66
66 64
64 64
65 63
55 56
57 58
48 49
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
98
Long | Ave |Mobile4
94 94 50
92 93 50
92 91 50
93 93 50
93 91 50
91 91 50
90 91 50
90 91 54
86 87 58
90 91 62
A-25
------- |