Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 2005 Edition


                BROWNFIELDS
FEDERAL PROGRAMS GUIDE

-------
Front Cover Photo: This is a view of the completed Phalen Boulevard in the Phalen
Corridor in St. Paul, Minnesota. The Phalen Corridor is intended to link neighborhood
businesses to downtown Saint Paul and Interstate 35 East. Over the past 25 years,
the area has lost 2,500 jobs, causing as much as 17 percent unemployment. In addi-
tion, 50 to 100 years of manufacturing activity has left the City of St. Paul with
contaminated industrial properties that lay vacant and underutilized.
In order to attract new businesses to downtown St. Paul, transportation improve-
ments, such as this road, will be made in the Phalen Corridor and 100+ acres of
brownfields will be cleaned up and transformed into prosperous business parks.
Prepared by:
SRA International Inc.
Northeast Midwest Institute
(Contract Number 68- W-01 -048)
2801 Clarendon Blvd., Suite 100
Arlington, VA 22201

Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment
Washington, DC 20460
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide

-------
                                                          Table of Contents
Introduction	5
Matrix of Federal Partners and Redevelopment Options	9
Federal Programs	11
   Department of Agriculture
     Forest Service	12
     Rural Development	14
   Appalachian Regional Commission	17
   Army Corps of Engineers — Department of Defense	19
   Office of Economic Adjustment — Department of Defense 	21
   Economic Development Administration — Department of Commerce	23
   Department of Energy	25
   Environmental Protection Agency	27
   Federal Housing Finance Board	31
   General Services Administration	33
   Department of Health and Human Services
     Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry	35
     National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences	36
     Office of Community Services	38
   Department of Housing and Urban Development	39
   Department of Justice	43
   Department of Labor	45
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration — Department of Commerce	46
   National Park Service — Department of Interior	48
   Office of Surface Mining — Department of Interior	50
   Small Business Administration	52
   Department of Transportation
     Federal Highway Administration	55
     Federal Transit Administration	57
Other Support for  Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment	59
   An Overview of Opportunities for State — Federal Funding Coordination	60
   Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive	64
   New Markets Tax Credits	67
   Low Income Housing Tax Credit	70
   Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives	73
   Community Reinvestment Act	76
Additional Resources	79
   Brownfields Federal Support Case Studies — Denver, Colorado and Eastward Ho!, Florida	80
   A Resource  Guide to Grant Writing	83
                                                          2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide

-------
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide

-------
Introduction
Overview

Successful brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment results from sustained
coordination of stakeholders, phases of work,
technical resources and funding across a several
year period. This programs guide outlines the
technical and financial federal resources that can
be leveraged for brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment. The depth and breadth of federal
resources are great and apply to as many types
of redevelopment as exist. While experience is
the best teacher when seeking and getting federal
support for brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment, there are some basic concepts
that have proven fruitful over the course of EPA's
Brownfields Program. In general, these ideas boil
down to the need to think broadly about a
project and plan early for its success.

It is important to remember when seeking funding
and assistance for brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment that while many federal programs
are applicable to brownfields properties, the term
brownfieldi?, often not used. As a rule, when
looking for resources, the best path to success is
one in which the proj ect at hand is described in
reference to the funding organization. For
example, if Anytown, USAhas a brownfields
property that is between a bus station and a
park, when seeking assistance from the
Department of Transportation or the National
Park Service, describe the property in terms of
transportation needs and parks — not merely in
terms of brownfields because the staff member at
those agencies reading the application may not
know anything about brownfields.
Brownfields Planning

Jointly plan for and consider the social, economic and
environmental factors from the outset of the project when
pursuing any kind of assistance.

Any funder is essentially investing in the success of the
cleanup and redevelopment. To that end, a funder wants
to see that the social, economic and environmental
soundness of the project is well thought out. This might
include a calendar, maps or demonstrations of stakehold-
ers working together (i.e., newspaper articles, financial
letters of commitment, letters of support). Plan ahead,
create a vision for your effort and be able to draw the
picture—tell the story early and often.

Integrate brownfields with community and regional
projects.

Answer these questions: how does the brownfields land
use coordinate with other local/regional plans? How are
various components of government working together to
achieve some sort of social, economic or environmental
results? Think broadly about what sort of land use, trans-
portation, education, public health, job creation/training
or community development/housing efforts the cleanup
and redevelopment is touching or catalyzing. If a funder
does not specifically fund brownfields, think about how
to describe your project in other terms.

Think through the lifespan of the project.

Have an eye on funding for parts of your project that are
years ahead. Talk with federal officials about your ideas
and learn what others who have been funded are doing.
The more familiar that an official is with your project, the
more guidance and feedback you may receive.

Expect defeat, delays and rejections, and make
corrections.

Use set backs as learning experiences; if your proposal
is denied, call the funding office and ask for an explana-
tion about what your proposal was lacking and how it
could be made stronger. If youfeel as if yourproject was
not clearly understood, explain your effort to the federal
official to see what factors the person responds to and
include it in the next proposal. If at first you do not
succeed, seek feedback, keep in touch throughout the
year and apply again for funding.

Diversify funding.

As this report reveals, the federal government has a
wealth of resources available for brownfields projects.
However, it is important to note that each funding op-
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide

-------
    portunity is for a specific purpose and grant seekers
    should not expect to address all brownfields problems
    with a single grant. Likewise, while the federal govern-
    ment has a range of resources,  states, regions and local
    communities also have resources that can be leveraged.
    Sometimes state funding can be obtained in concert with
    federal funds. Likewise, local and regional foundations
    and corporate interests are often interested in investing
    in community-based efforts. Like  any solid portfolio,
    brownfields project teams should look to a range of
    grants, loans and other fiscal incentives across a spec-
    trum of funders. Also, it is important to remember that
    many funding organizations are simply not familiar with
    brownfields, so asking them if they fund brownfields
    projects would likely yield a negative response. How-
    ever, if you describe a brownfields project in terms that
    they understand, you may get positive results about
    available funding opportunities.

    Provide feedback and communicate with funders.

    Your success  story is your funder's success story. Be
    sure to provide information, photos and narrative text
    that demonstrate progress. At the same time, give your
    funder a picture of where the project is going and what
    the  subsequent needs are.

    Brownfields is only a name.

    If a grant opportunity does not specifically mention
    brownfields, these projects may still be eligible for assis-
    tance. Brownfields projects are eligible for many types
    of funding across federal agencies. Many of the pro-
    grams outlined in this report would not describe them-
    selves as brownfields programs, even though they are
    perfectly aligned.

    Why Are There Federal Programs to
    Support Brownfields?

    Brownfields have different cleanup and redevelopment
    costs and other issues that can hinder private invest-
    ment. For these reasons, support from the federal gov-
    ernment can stimulate interest from other technical and
    financial sectors to effect results,  such as paying for
    assessments or cleanup costs.  In addition,  oftentimes
    the infrastructure in and around brownfields properties
    is old and dilapidated and needs a public investment to
    bring it up to today's standards of transportation, water
    supplies or electricity. Support for infrastructure also
    helps to coordinate local, state and federal efforts. When
    the federal government funds some of these initial costs,
    revitalization will ultimately be an economic stimulus that
    contributes tax dollars  and other resources back to the
    community.
How Can Public Programs Help?

While federal resources support many projects, others
are funded entirely by states and local governments;
and still others with private investments. Using public
programs to strengthen is a goal of federal brownfields
programs. Therefore, the most  successful brownfields
cleanup and redevelopment efforts recognize private
lender and developer concerns as well as perceived risks.
They aim to help local governments and private parties
address  financing  concerns and better manage
brownfields risks by meeting at least one of the follow-
ing objectives.

Ensure a minimum return.

Incentives such as loan guarantees or companion loans
can ensure a minimum return or quantify any potential
loss. Public programs can also offer support, such as
environmental insurance, that limits the borrower's ex-
posure to unforeseen problems that may affect the value
of collateral or the borrower's ability to pay.

Reduce the borrower's cost of financing.

Financial tools such as loan subsidies can reduce inter-
est costs on project loans (for example, with tax-exempt
financing or low-interest loans). Program staff also can
reduce loan underwriting  and documentation costs by
offering loan packaging assistance or technical support,
such as the type that might be available through Com-
munity Development Corporations (CDCs).  In some
cases, public entities  can help cut borrowing costs by
partnering with site users to prepare records and help
maintain institutional controls.

Offer terms or incentives to ease the borrower's
financial situation.

Tools like tax abatements, tax credits or grace periods
can improve the project's cashflow and make the project
numbers work. These tools can be helpful in mixed-use
project scenarios that include open space. Similarly, train-
ing and technical assistance services can offset project
costs and reduce a property re-user's need for cash.

Offer assistance or information that provides investor
and lender comfort.

Links to information about new remedial technologies,
along with performance data for new technologies and
institutional controls,  or insurance that can help transfer
risk, can increase the investor's and lender's comfort
level with a brownfields project.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide

-------
Provide direct financing help.
When contamination is suspected, money for site as-
sessment and cleanup is often the hardest piece of the
financing puzzle to solve. Therefore, providing grants or
forgivable loans for these purposes may be critical.

About this Guide

This guidebook is designed to present information about
a range of federal resources that can provide technical
and financial support to brownfields cleanup and rede-
velopment. In addition to program information, the re-
port includes a quick reference matrix that identifies
specific types of projects with specific funders. Review
the matrix to see how many different types of projects
can be supported through federal programs. Might there
be a bike path or public transportation stop on your
site? Might there be some recreational or urban forestry
facilities? The matrix can help to match up your project
needs with potential funding sources. The guidebook
also has an outline of steps for successful grant writing
and a process chart and check lists that can be adapted.
The bulk of the guide is an overview of the federal pro-
gram areas with funding information organized by fed-
eral agency. There are also snapshots of brownfields
projects that have successfully leveraged funding. These
snapshots are meant to stimulate thinking about how
funds can be creatively used in brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment. Contact information and resources are
listed in the guide. Web sites to particular programs are
noted under the program description. If there are not
specific Web sites to programs, the agency Web site is
listed under the contact information.

This guide contains a brief discussion of additional fed-
eral tools and resources and other issues to consider,
such as coordination of state and federal funds. There is
also an extensive overview of tax credit information and
other possible financial incentives.
This guide is only a guide. It is not the only source of
information available about funding that can be applied
to brownfields. Federal programs are evolving and there
are continually different programs being developed,
some with applications for brownfields. To keep up to
date on federal programs, please refer to the resources
below:
Federal Register
www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html

Catalog for Federal Domestic Assistance
www. cfda.gov

Grants.gov
www.grawte.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide

-------
             A Note on  Using the Matrix
             This matrix is designed to answer the question: "If I want to do a certain kind of redevelopment,
             which agencies have programs that best apply to my needs?" While there are many agencies
             whose programs can be applied to a range of brownfields cleanup and redevelopment settings,
             this matrix gives an overview of ones whose programs most closely align with specific cleanup
             and redevelopment objectives. Nonetheless, it is worthwhile to be familiar with the broad range
             of programs that can be used across the various stages of cleanup and redevelopment.

             Some programs from the guidebook are combined on this matrix for ease of use (e.g. Department
             of Transportation).
                                                                      Technical Assistance  •
                                                                      Financial Assistance  $
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide

-------
Matrix
-------
" o o o o
8 £ -i * '5
— > 0. ?
«.gf
•y^s
a EJ ^ o

O O T3
-------
Federal Programs
Department of Agriculture — Forest Service
Department of Agriculture — Rural Development
Appalachian Regional Commission
Army Corps of Engineers — Department of Defense
Office of Economic Adjustment — Department of Defense
Economic Development Administration — Department of Commerce
Department of Energy
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Housing Finance Board
General Services Administration
Department of Health and Human Services
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Office of Community Services
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration —
Department of Commerce
National Park Service — Department of Interior
Office of Surface Mining — Department of Interior
Small Business Administration
Department of Transportation — Federal Highway Administration
Department of Transportation — Federal Transit Administration
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
U.S. Department of Agriculture —
Forest Service
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Forest Service's mission is to achieve quality sus-
tainable land management in order to meet the diverse
needs of people. In connection with brownfields rede-
velopment, the Forest Service is helping states and com-
munities use the forests wisely in order to promote rural
economic development and a quality rural environment.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides technical assistance for brownfields projects
in selected areas — targeted to EPA grantee local gov-
ernments, federal Empowerment Communities and En-
terprise Zones.
• Offers technical and financial assistance for sustain-
able redevelopment and reuse projects — targeted to
state and local governments and community-based
groups in Atlanta, Seattle, New York, Chicago, San
Francisco, Los Angeles, Denver, Las Vegas, East St.
Louis, South Florida (four county area), Philadelphia,
Boston and Buffalo.
• Works with EPA and other federal agencies to assist
with the redevelopment of brownfields located in rural
communities or near mine-scarred lands.
• Supports communities that want to convert existing
brownfields into natural open space parks, tree-cov-
ered linear parks and other land conservation projects.
• Assists rural and urban brownfields communities in
applying for USD A grants and loans.
RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

USDA Urban Resources Partnership (URP)
Provides funding and technical assistance to commu-
nity-led environmental projects. The Forest Service has
selected 13 areas (listed below) where the URP has been
established. The URP works closely with community de-
velopment corporations as a mechanism to make its re-
sources available.
Eligibility Requirements: Atlanta, Seattle, New York,
Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Denver, Las
Vegas, East St. Louis, South Florida (four county
area), Philadelphia, Boston and Buffalo.
Availability: Only available in the 13 areas listed
above. Additional communities may be added through
a competitive application process as other cities
"graduate" from receiving direct federal support.

Urban and Community Forestry (UCF) Program

The UCF program provides financial and technical as-
sistance to maintain, restore and improve the health of
urban trees, forests, greenspace and sustainable forest
ecosystems.

Eligibility Requirements: States are required to have
an urban and community forestry program coordina-
tor, volunteer/partnership coordination, an urban and
community forestry council and a state program stra-
tegic plan (five-year plan).

Availability: Funding for the UCF program is an an-
nual process dependant upon Congressional appro-
priation.

Uses/Applications: Promotes the conservation of
open greenspace in order to guide growth and revi-
talize city centers and older suburbs through a train-
ing program and informational resources.

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

State Urban Forestry Coordinators

These coordinators work closely with municipal govern-
ments to develop strategic plans for brownfields reuse
that protects natural resources.

Open Space Development and Tree Planting

Efforts are being made to provide technical assistance
and funding for open space development and tree plant-
ing, including the National Tree Trust, American For-
ests, ReLeaf Fund and National Arbor Day Foundation.
Research also is being conducted on the effects of us-
ing trees during brownfields remediation.

Strategic Planning and Resource Assessment

The Forest Service's ecosystem approach to manage-
ment integrates ecological, economic and social factors
to maintain and enhance the quality of the environment
to meet current and future needs. Through technical and
financial assistance, the Forest Service assists states
and private landowners in practicing good stewardship,
promoting rural economic development and improving
the natural environment of cities and communities.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Blake Velde
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Hazardous Materials Management Group
1400 Independence Avenue SW
MS 9100
Washington, DC 20250-9100
202-205-0906
blake.velde@usda.gov

Main Site
http://www.fs .fed.us
SNAPSHOT
Old Town, Maine
A former factory, located on a three-acre
waterfront site along the Penobscot River in Old
Town, Maine, is undergoing redevelopment
activities. In the late 1980s, city officials became
interested in acquiring the site for redevelopment
as part of ongoing efforts to revitalize the
downtown. Cleanup activities included removal
of extensive structural and asbestos materials,
four underground storage tanks, several
electrical transformers containing PCBs, stock
tanks, the contents of an oil/water separator, and
removal and treatment of 2,570 cubic yards of
petroleum contaminated soil. Upon completion
of these activities, the City of Old Town acquired
the property in 1997. The property now contains
a 9,000-square foot retail building, "Marsh Island
Carry", and has three tenants. After identifying
landscaping as an important redevelopment
need, the City of Old Town applied for and
received $8,000 from the Forest Service for tree
planting.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
U.S. Department of Agriculture —
Rural Development
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The United States Department of Agriculture is in a key
position to support activities critical to community
brownfields revitalization efforts. The Rural Development
office operates three types of programs: Business and
Cooperative Programs, Housing Programs and Utilities
Programs. Efforts in the first two areas are most suited to
meet the challenges of rural brownfields. Although the
Rural Development office does not have any brownfields-
specific programs, the assistance it provides can be ap-
plied to brownfields-related activities.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides grant, loans and loan guarantee assistance
for a variety of business, commercial and industrial
projects in small towns and rural areas.
• Supports the installation and improvement of critical
infrastructure needed to support economic develop-
ment.
• Helps finance the construction of key public facilities.
RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Business and Industry (B&I) Guaranteed Loan Program
The B&I program provides financial backing for rural
businesses. The program guarantees up to 80 percent of
a loan made by commercial lenders to businesses lo-
cated in rural areas. The program is administered at the
state level by USD A Rural Development state offices.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
cooperatives, corporations, partnerships, trusts or
other profit or nonprofit entities; Indian tribes; and
municipalities, counties or other local governments.
Availability: The maximum loan size is $40,000,000
Uses/Applications:
• Buildings and real estate development
• Machinery and equipment
• Debt refinancing
http://www.rurdev.usda. gov/rbs/busp/b&i _gar.htm
Intermediary Relending Program (IRP)

This program capitalizes locally run revolving loan funds
for small businesses not able to secure adequate bank
financing on their own. Like the B&I program, resources
from the IRP can be used for real estate and equipment
purposes.

Eligibility Requirements: Intermediaries may be pri-
vate nonprofit corporations, public agencies, Indian
tribes or cooperatives.

Availability: Loans to intermediaries are scheduled
for repayment over a period of 30 years. The interest
rate on loans to intermediaries is one percent per an-
num.

Uses/Applications (all apply to loans from intermedi-
aries to ultimate recipients):
• Establish a new businesses or expand existing busi-
nesses
• Create employment opportunities or save existing
jobs
• Community development projects

http://www. rurdev. usda.gov/rbs/busp/irp.htm
The Rural Business Opportunity Grant (RBOG)
Program

The RBOG program promotes sustainable economic de-
velopment in rural communities with exceptional needs.
This program may be particularly helpful as grants may
be made for the identification and analysis of business
opportunities; the establishment of support centers to
assist with the creation of new rural businesses; to con-
duct regional, community and local economic develop-
ment planning; and other related training, planning and
coordination efforts.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include: a
public body, nonprofit corporation, Indian tribe or
cooperative that has expertise in the activities pro-
posed. The project must demonstrate that the fund-
ing will result in economic development. The project
must have performance measures.

Availability: Priority points for funding are awarded
to projects that have sustainability and quality of the
economic activity expected; leveraging of other funds;
economic conditions in the service area; and useful-
ness as a new best practice.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Uses/Applications:
• Provide economic planning for rural communities
• Provide technical assistance for rural businesses
• Provide training for rural entrepreneurs or economic
development officials

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/rbog.htm
The Rural Business Enterprise Grant (RBEG) Program

The RBEG program provides grants to public bodies and
private nonprofit corporations for projects designed to
finance and facilitate the development of small and emerg-
ing private for-profit or nonprofit small businesses. RBEG
grants may include funding for infrastructure items such
as access to streets and roads, utility extensions, water
supply and waste disposal facilities and so forth. In ad-
dition, RBEG grants may be utilized for the acquisition of
land, buildings, plants, equipment, parking areas and
technical assistance regarding transportation services.

Eligibility Requirements: Nonprofits, local govern-
ments, states and tribes. The small and emerging busi-
nesses to be assisted must have fewer than 50 new
employees and less than $ 1,000,000 in revenue.

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/rbeg.htm
The Rural Economic Development Loan Program

This program provides funds to intermediaries that have
or have had a borrowing relationship with the Rural Util-
ity Service (RUS). Intermediaries may receive zero-inter-
est loans which are passed through to rural small
businesses for the purpose of assisting business and
creating new jobs or retaining existing jobs.

http://www. rurdev. usda.gov/rbs/busp/redl. htm
Rural Economic Development Grant Program

This program provides grant funds to intermediaries to
establish revolving loan funds for use in making loans
to rural small businesses for the creation and retention
of viable jobs in rural areas.

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/redg.htm
Community Facilities Program: Guaranteed Loans,
Direct Loans and Grants

The guarantee portion of this program provides an in-
centive for commercial lending that will develop essen-
tial community facilities. The direct loan program does
the same thing, except that USDA functions as the lender.
In either case, the loans can run for up to 40 years or for
the useful life of the facility (if less than that). In the case
of distressed rural communities that cannot qualify for a
private or USDA loan for essential community facilities,
USDA Rural Development can make grants.

Water and Waste Disposal Loans, Loan Guarantees,
and Grants

USDA Rural Development offers several programs aimed
at developing and repairing water, sewer, storm drainage
and solid waste systems in rural areas with populations
of 10,000 or less. These programs can be used to sup-
port industrial development activities.

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program
(REEEP)

This program has up to $22,800,000 in competitive grant
funds available for fiscal year 2005 to purchase renew-
able energy systems and make energy efficiency improve-
ments for agricultural producers and rural small
businesses in order to reduce energy costs and con-
sumption.

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/farmbill/index.html
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Georg Shultz, Special Assistant Deputy
Administrator
Business Programs
georg.shultz@usda.gov

Main Site
http://www.rurdev.usda.gov
State Contacts
http://www. rurdev. usda.gov/recdjnap. html
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
SNAPSHOT
Cape Charles, Virginia
An abandoned, 25-acre dump that once lay at
the heart of a 200-acre properly in Cape Charles,
Virginia, has been developed into an eco-
industrial park. Created by Northampton County
and the Town of Cape Charles, the Sustainable
Technology Park incorporates natural habitat
protection into an overall eco-industrial park.
The county is designated a rural Enterprise
Community by USD A. The Enterprise
Communities program provides new
opportunities for growth and revitalization
through coordinating economic, physical,
environmental, community and human
development efforts. USDA awarded a $750,000
Rural Business Enterprise grant to fund
infrastructure improvements on the property.
The site is a national eco-industrial park
demonstration project and showcases advanced
facilities in resource efficiency and pollution
prevention.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Appalachian Regional Commission
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Appalachian Regional Commission's (ARC) mission
is to be a strategic partner and advocate for sustainable
community and economic development in Appalachia.
ARC is a regional economic development agency repre-
senting a unique partnership of federal, state and local
government. Established by an act of Congress in 1965,
the Commission is composed of the governors of the 13
Appalachian states and a federal co-chair, who is ap-
pointed by the president. Local participation is provided
through multi-county local development districts with
boards made up of elected officials, business people and
other local leaders. Each year Congress appropriates
funds, which ARC allocates among its member states.
The governors draw up annual state Appalachian strat-
egies and, with ARC approval, select projects to imple-
ment them. ARC projects include a safe and efficient
highway system; education, job-training and health-care
programs; water and sewer systems; housing; and other
essentials of comprehensive economic development.

Brownfields Connections
• Although ARC does not have any brownfields-spe-
cific programs, the agency's current strategic plan
seeks to raise awareness of and leverage support for
the reclamation and reuse of brownfields. Brownfields
are also a key element of ARC's Asset-Based Devel-
opment initiative. The agency has made numerous
grants forbrownfields-related projects since 1965.
• ARC entered into a memorandum of understanding
(MOU) with EPA in fiscal year 2000 that calls for the
two agencies to coordinate policies and activities in
support of brownfields assessments, cleanup and re-
development. ARC also participates in the Brownfields
Federal Partnership and Mine-Scarred Lands working
group — targeted to the three mine-scarred lands pilot
projects located in Appalachia.
RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Area Development Program
Grants are awarded to projects that address the four goals
identified by ARC in its strategic plan and that can dem-
onstrate measurable results. Brownfields projects could
relate to any of these strategic goals:
• Increase job opportunities and per capita income in
Appalachia to reach parity with the nation.
• Strengthen the capacity of the Appalachian people to
compete in the global economy.
• Develop and improve Appalachia's infrastructure to
make the region economically competitive.
• Build the Appalachian Development Highway System
to reduce Appalachia's isolation.

Most ARC grants originate at the state level. Potential
applicants should contact their state ARC program man-
ager to request a pre-application package. The local de-
velopment district serving the county in which the project
is located may also provide guidance on a project's eligi-
bility for funding and assistance in preparing a grant
application.

Eligibility Requirements: Typically, ARC grants are
awarded to state and local agencies and governmen-
tal entities (e.g., economic development authorities),
local governing boards (e.g., county councils), and
nonprofit organizations (e.g., schools and organiza-
tions that build low-cost housing).

Limitations: ARC funding is available for projects
in 410 designated counties in the 13 Appalachian
states. ARC focuses resources on distressed coun-
ties and designated distressed areas. Because indi-
vidual states may limit ARC funding to specific areas,
ARC program managers should be consulted for in-
formation on their state's ARC funding priorities.

ARC expects grantees to contribute matching re-
sources to projects — to the extent they are able to
do so — and to seek additional non-ARC funding
assistance in a diligent manner. ARC has specific re-
quirements for matching funds; individual states may
have additional requirements. State ARC program
managers or local development districts can provide
information about state matching requirements.

Availability: All applicants considering brownfields
redevelopment activities should contact their state
ARC program manager to request pre-application in-
formation.

Uses/Applications: Grants and technical resources
can be used for brownfields related activities includ-
ing:
• Planning and technical assistance to address
brownfields problems
• Infrastructure needed to convert brownfields to new
economic uses
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
• Conversion of obsolete industrial sites to public
purposes

http.V/www. arc.gov/index. do ?nodeld=8

Mine-Scarred Lands (MSL) Working Group

In July 2003, the MSL Working Group, which includes
ARC, was established as a component of the Brownfields
Federal Partnership. In order to learn about mine-scarred
lands challenges and how federal, state and local enti-
ties can work together, the MSL Working Group identi-
fied six demonstration projects including three
Appalachian coal communities. State and federal part-
ners are providing resources and assistance to the com-
munities to expedite redevelopment and create models
that other mine-scarred lands can adapt in redevelop-
ment.

Eligibility Requirements: Six pilot projects, three of
which are located in the ARC region, have been se-
lected and activities are underway.

Limitations: There are no plans for other rounds of
demonstration projects. However, stakeholders inter-
ested in learning about current MSL efforts should
contact ARC.

Availability: Assistance is currently being provided
to the three Appalachian MSL pilot projects. Contact
ARC for alternative options for assistance.

Uses/Applications:
• Address acid mine drainage issues associated with
mine-scarred lands
• Develop economic development plans
• Attract investors and private sector stakeholders
• Coordinate acid mine drainage cleanup with other
infrastructure issues (e.g. waste water systems)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Eric Stockton
Appalachian Regional Commission
1666 Connecticut Avenue
Washington, DC 20009-1068
202-884-7752
estockton@arc.gov

Main Site
http://www. arc.gov

ARC State Program Managers
http://www.arc.gov/index.do ?nodeld=13

Local Development District Contacts
http://www. arc.gov/index. do ?nodeld=20

ARC-Designated Distressed Counties
http.VAvww. arc.gov/index. do ?nodeld=23 03
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Defense —
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) provides
assistance in development and management of the
nation's water resources in an environmentally sustain-
able, economic and technically sound manner.

Brownfields Connections
• Aligning water resources development and manage-
ment efforts with community brownfields objectives
by providing reimbursable technical services to other
federal agencies engaged in brownfields activities —
targeted to local governments working with federal
agencies.
• Executes Civil Works water resource projects empha-
sizing integrated and sustainable systems-based so-
lutions for ecosystem restoration, inland and coastal
navigation, and flood and storm damage reduction—
targeted to state and local governments.
RESOURCES

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Reimbursable Support
USAGE may perform technical oversight and manage-
ment of engineering, environmental and construction
contracts, including technical assistance forbrownfields-
related activities, for non-Department of Defense (DOD)
federal agencies, and states. The work is fully funded by
the customer (e.g. local government).
Uses/Applications:
• Technical and project management capabilities are
available for most water and land related natural
resources activities
• Engineering, facility design, construction manage-
ment and other technical services
• Environmental restoration

Planning Assistance
USAGE provides planning assistance for utilization and
conservation of the water and related resources of drain-
age basins.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
states and Indian tribes.
Limitations: Planning assistance requires a 50 per-
cent cost share between USAGE and the non-federal
sponsor.

Availability: Demand for planning assistance more
often than not exceeds available funding.

Centers of Corps Expertise

There are several USAGE Centers of Expertise whose
specialized capabilities could be helpful in solving spe-
cific brownfields challenges. These include the Curation
and Management of Archaeological Collections Center
of Expertise; the Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste
Center of Expertise; the Photogrammetric Mapping Cen-
ter; the expert center on Preservation of Historic Build-
ings and Structures; and the Rapid Response Hazardous,
Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Center. Assistance from
these Centers is generally available on a reimbursable
basis.

Limitations: Reimbursable support from USAGE is
not available to private entities.

Availability: Priority is given to requests for support
that have national significance.

Uses/Applications:
• Preservation of historic buildings and structures
• Rapid response to hazardous, toxic and radioactive
waste incidents

Curation and Management of Archaeological
Collections Center of Expertise
http://www.mvs.usace.army.mil/engr/curation/
home.htm

Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Center of
Expertise
http://www. environmental, usace. army.mil/info/
technical/hp/hpwelcome/hprad/hpexpert/
hpexpert.html

Photogrammetric Mapping Center
http://mvs-wc. mvs. usace. army, mil/tax, html

Preservation of Historic Buildings and Structures
http://www.nws.usace.army.mil/PublicMenu/
Menu, cfm ?sitename=historic&pagename =mainpage

Rapid Response HTRW Center
http://www. nwo.usace. army.mil/html/cd-rr/
default.htm
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
ADDITIONAL INFO
Kip Huston
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Attn: CECW-MVD
441G Street, NW
Washington, DC 20548
202-761-4574
kip .r. huston@usace. army. mil

Jane Mergler
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Attn: CEMP-SWD
441G Street, NW
Washington, DC 20548
202-761-0314
jane.a.mergler@usace.army.mil

Mark Mimick
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Hazardous, Toxic & Radioactive Waste Center of
Expertise Specialists
12565 West Center Road
Omaha, Nebraska 68144-3869
402-697-2558
mark. 1. mimick@usace. army, mil

Main Site
http://www. mace, army.mil

Program Description and Regional Contacts
http://hq. environmental, usace. army.mil/programs/
brownfields/bfpoc/bfpoc. html
SNAPSHOT
Cowpens, South Carolina

When a baby clothes manufacturing plant
closed in 1990, Cowpens, South Carolina lost
more than 400 jobs and gained abandoned
buildings containing unknown amounts of
contamination. Inside the dormant facility, 85
drums of industrial chemicals were discovered
with no responsible party to pay for cleanup.
The project successfully leveraged funding for
technical services related to the cleanup of the
property and development of a proposed
Industrial Ecology Park, including $40,000 from
USAGE to conduct a ground water sampling
investigation on the site and in the surrounding
community.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Defense —
Office of Economic Adjustment
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) is the De-
partment of Defense's (DOD) primary source for assist-
ing communities that are adversely impacted by Defense
program changes, including base closures or realign-
ments, base expansions, and contract or program can-
cellations. Within OEA, the primary tool for DOD's
economic adjustment projects is the Defense Economic
Adjustment program for base realignment and closure
(BRAC).

Brownfields Connections
• Provides extensive information on cleanup and rede-
velopment of closed military facilities.
RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Community Base Reuse Planning Grants
Planning grants are provided to assist local governments
or states in developing reuse/redevelopment plans for
military installations approved for closure or realignment.
Eligibility Requirements: Local governments and
states whose communities are affected by base realign-
ment and closure are eligible.
Uses/Applications:
• Development of a community base reuse/redevel-
opment plan

Community Economic Adjustment Assistance for
Advance Planning
Advance planning funding is provided to assist state,
regional governmental organizations or local govern-
ments to undertake economic adjustment planning ac-
tivities intended to lessen an area's dependence on
military base-related defense spending and/or to pre-
pare strategies and schematic plans for the potential re-
use or redevelopment of active bases.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
states, regional governmental organizations or local
governments.
Availability: Annual grant awards can be up to
$175,000.
Uses/Applications:
• Preparation of plans to lessen local economic de-
pendency on DOD expenditures.
• Preparation of plans for organizing a community in
response to a closure or realignment.
• Preparation of preliminary strategies and schematic
plans for the potential reuse or redevelopment of
existing bases.

Growth Management Planning Assistance Grants

These grants are provided to assist local governments
or states on behalf of local governments to undertake
community economic adjustment planning activities in
response to the establishment or expansion of a DOD
military installation. This activity is directed toward im-
pacts resulting from the opening or expansion of a mili-
tary installation, and the additional civilian public facilities
and services that may be required to support the in-
creased military presence.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
local governments and states.

Limitations: Applicant must provide documentation
that: a) the Defense action has occurred or will occur;
b) it has imposed or is likely to impose a direct and
significant adverse consequence; and c) other im-
pact assistance is not available.

Availability: Annual grant awards typically range
from$100,000-$300,000.

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Defense Economic Adjustment Program forBRAC

OEA encourages communities to integrate cleanup is-
sues into the overall planning for redevelopment, and
since many base closure actions result in extensive plan-
ning and review of economic development goals, there
is often an opportunity to adapt the concepts and tech-
niques of brownfields redevelopment as elements of a
larger set of community development actions.

Eligibility Requirements: OEA can provide techni-
cal and financial assistance to state and local govern-
ments directly impacted by a base closure or
realignment.

Restrictions: Grants are restricted to state and local
governments to plan and carry out defense adjust-
ment strategies.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Availability: Requests for OEA assistance can be
made by, or on behalf of, state and/or local elected
officials.

Uses/Applications:
• Provide expertise in: economic, industrial and com-
munity development; urban and land use planning;
program and economic impact analysis; real estate;
and worker retraining
• Assist communities in putting together an adjust-
ment program that combines federal, state, local and
private resources

http://www. defenselink.mil/brac
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Joe Cartwright, Associate Director
Office of Economic Adjustment
400 Army Navy Drive
Arlington, VA 22202-2884
703-604-5155
joseph.cartwright@wso.whs.mil

Kurt Kratz, Director of Environmental Cleanup
Office of the Deputy Under Secretary for
Installations and Environment (I&E)
Department of Defense
3C765
The Pentagon
Washington, DC 20301-3400
703-697-5372
kurt.kratz@osd.mil

Main Site
http://www. oea.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Commerce —
Economic Development Administration
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Economic Development Administration (EDA) mis-
sion is "to lead the federal economic development agenda
by promoting innovation and competitiveness, prepar-
ing American regions for growth and success in the world-
wide economy." EDA underwent reauthorization in 2004
and included the following brownfields-related provi-
sions:
• Authorizes grants for projects to expand, redevelop or
reuse brownfields, within EDA's existing program
structure.
• Authorizes grants for projects to develop brightfields
sites, which will use solar energy technologies to de-
velop abandoned or contaminated sites for commer-
cial use.

EDA provides funding to promote infrastructure devel-
opment, business development and economic revitaliza-
tion.

Note: At the time of publication, EDA anticipated in-
ternal changes; interested parties should consult the
EDA Web site for up-to-date information.

Brownfields Connections
• Funds public works and infrastructure enhancements
—targeted to state, local and tribal governments; public
and private nonprofit organizations
• Capitalizes revolving loan funds for state and local
implementation of strategies to attract private sector
investment — targeted to local governments, states
and regional development organizations
• Provides planning grants to economically distressed
states and regions — targeted to state, regional, local
and tribal governments
• Funds infrastructure modernization at closed military
bases — targeted to local governments, development
organizations and reuse authorities
RESOURCES
FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Public Works and Economic Development Facilities
Program

The Public Works and Economic Development Program
is EDA's primary initiative that affects the redevelop-
ment of brownfields.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include:
Economic Development Districts; Indian tribes or
consortia of Indian tribes; states; cities or other po-
litical subdivisions; or institutions of higher educa-
tion.

Limitations: No grants to individuals.

Availability: $164,367,851 was appropriated for fis-
cal year 2005.

Uses/Applications:
• Support the construction or rehabilitation of es-
sential public infrastructure and development fa-
cilities necessary to generate private sector jobs
and investment
• Redevelopment of brownfields, especially the mod-
ernization of industrial parks
• Technology-led development and eco-industrial
development on brownfield sites
• Heritage preservation development investments
such as those supported by the Preserve America
Initiative

Economic Adjustment Assistance Program

This program helps states and local governments that
experience sudden and severe economic dislocation or
long-term economic deterioration to design and imple-
ment adjustment and redevelopment strategies. EDA has
targeted the redevelopment of brownfields as a neces-
sary and vital component in fulfilling program objectives.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
institutions of higher learning, nonprofit organiza-
tions, and state and local governments.

Limitations: No grants to individuals.

Availability: $44,793,601 was appropriated for fiscal
year 2005.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Uses/Applications:
• Assist regions impacted by coal industry
downsizing, timber industry issues and Alaska fish-
ing-dependent communities
• Assist communities that experience manufacturing
job losses (e.g., major layoffs, plant closures, trade
impacts, defense restructuring or disasters)

Planning Program for Economic Development Districts,
Indian Tribes, States and Other Planning Organizations

Through the Districts, Tribes and Redevelopment Areas
Program, EDA promotes workforce development activi-
ties in distressed areas at the local level. Presently, EDA
supports 65 Indian tribes and over 300 economic devel-
opment districts. Grants under the States and Urban Ar-
eas Program assist economically distressed states,
sub-state planning regions, cities and urban counties to
undertake significant new economic development plan-
ning, policy-making and implementation efforts.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include:
Economic Development Districts, Indian tribes, states
and other planning organizations.

Limitations: In some cases, applications may be lim-
ited to entities who have already received funding.

Availability: $24,172,759 was appropriated for fiscal
year 2005.

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Technical Assistance Program: Local Technical
Assistance; National Technical Assistance; and
University Centers

Funds technical assistance projects to promote competi-
tiveness and innovation.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
Economic Development Districts; Indian tribes or
consortia of Indian tribes; states; cities or other po-
litical subdivisions; or institutions of higher educa-
tion.

Limitations: Availability of program funds is at
EDA's sole discretion. In some cases, applications
may be restricted to entities who have already re-
ceived funding. Universities may not have programs
aligned with brownfields cleanup and redevelopment,
however brownfields programs can be aligned to fit
the missions and goals of the university programs.

Availability: $8,322,335 was appropriated for fiscal
year 2005.
ADDITIONAL INFO
Dennis Alvord, Deputy Director, Intergovernmental
Affairs
Economic Development Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce, Room 7816
14th St. & Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20230
202-482-4320
D Alvord@eda. doc .gov

Main Site
http://www. eda.gov
SNAPSHOT
Rumford, Maine
A property selected by the Maine Department of
Environmental Protection for redevelopment
included a four-story, 66,000-square-foot
building that was once part of the Mead Paper
complex. With industrial activity dating back to
the early 1900s, the Mead complex, located in the
Town of Rumford, shut-down in 1998 after it
announced it was leaving the specialty paper
business. Working in partnership with the River
Valley Growth Council, Mead realized the site
could be reused as a facility to develop work
skills and create new jobs for local citizens. The
company donated the property and building to
the River Valley Growth Council. Approximately
$30,000 of the state's EPA Brownfields grant was
used to perform assessments on the property.
This $2,000,000 site restoration project is funded
by a $1,300,000 public works grantfromEDA,
with the Maine Department of Economic and
Community Development funding the remainder.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Energy
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission
The Department of Energy (DOE) supports brownfields
reuse by providing technical assistance in the field of
energy use and environmental remediation. DOE has been
the caretaker and manager of the facilities that manufac-
tured nuclear weapons, and the property on which the
weapons are located. Many DOE properties lie dormant
or idle, due in part to the downsizing of the military and
to the closure of nuclear weapons facilities. Many con-
tain low levels of contamination because they were used
as buffer zones for the nuclear weapons facilities and a
few parcels that were used in the production of nuclear
weapons are highly contaminated.

Brownfields Connections
• Promotes redevelopment that incorporates energy ef-
ficiency, renewable energy and distributed energy tech-
nologies at brownfield sites.
• Develops regional relationships with federal and state
partners to address site or brownfields issues.
• Provides technical assistance in the field of environ-
mental cleanup and stabilization.

RESOURCES

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
(EERE)/Center of Excellence for Sustainable
Development
This office serves as a resource center on sustainable
development and addresses several relevant issues, in-
cluding land use planning, transportation, municipal en-
ergy, green building and sustainable businesses.
Resources include: overview articles; slide shows; links
to other sources of information; recommended books
and videos; and educational materials and programs that
can help communities in their sustainable development
efforts.
http://www.sustainable.doe.gov
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
(EERE)/Brightfields

EERE can help identify solutions to link solar energy
technologies to brownfields redevelopment. As a "green"
alternative, brightfields can not only encourage commu-
nity acceptance of redevelopment plans, but also attract
environmentally-conscious businesses and allow for
cost savings.

Uses/Applications:
• Improve air quality
• Provide a clean and reliable energy source for enti-
ties such as community businesses, residential
homes and local transit

http://www. eere. energy.gov/wip/pdfs/
brightfields.pdf

Office of Building Technology, State and Community
Programs (BTS)

BTS works with government, industry and communities
to integrate energy technologies and practices. The re-
sources available through BTS can help ensure that
brownfields cleanup is connected to energy efficiency
and sustainable redevelopment.

http://www. eere. energy.gov/buildings/
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Melinda Downing
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Legacy Management
LM-5
1000 Independence Avenue, SW
Room6G-041
Washington, DC 20585
202-586-7703
melinda.downing@hq.doe.gov

Main Site
http://www. energy.gov

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
http://www. eere. energy.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
SNAPSHOT
Beatty, Nevada
The Federal Mine-Scarred Lands Initiative is a
collaborative group of federal agencies that are
developing models for mine-scarred lands
cleanup and reuse by supporting six
Demonstration Projects. Through the Bullfrog
Mine, Beatty, Nevada Demonstration Project, the
MSL Initiative is supporting research into the
feasibility of renewable energy production
opportunities on a reclaimed gold mine. Previous
studies show that the Beatty area has solar
energy potential that ranks among the highest in
the United States and has potential for wind
power generation. Additionally, Nevada offers a
government and business climate that supports
renewable energy. The Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy in the
Department of Energy, has provided significant
federal support for this project by engaging
energy-related stakeholders, gathering research
that has been conducted to date, and committing
funding for future research on the feasibility of
renewable energy reproduction.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the
most active federal agency in promoting the cleanup and
redevelopment of brownfields and other underused con-
taminated properties through the Office of Brownfields
Cleanup and Redevelopment. EPA s Brownfields Program
is designed to empower states, communities and other
stakeholders in economic redevelopment to work to-
gether in a timely manner to prevent, assess, safely clean
up and sustainably reuse brownfields.

Brownfields Connections
• Grants to assess site contamination
• Grants to carry out site cleanup
• Grants to projects and community organizations to
address environmental problems affecting low-income
and predominantly minority populations
• Training in the environmental field for residents of
communities affected by brownfields
• Capital to establish revolving loan funds (RLFs)
• Grants for cooperative sustainable development ef-
forts
• Environmental education programs
• Grants to capitalize RLFs for clean water proj ects

RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE
Three EPA funding programs that have been used exten-
sively to spurbrownfield redevelopment are Assessment
Grants, Cleanup Grants and Revolving LoanFund Grants.
The 2002 statutory authority requires that 25 percent of
brownfields funding go to petroleum-impacted sites.
Grant and loan funds can be used to purchase environ-
mental insurance and monitor institutional controls.
Grant funds cannot be used for administrative costs. A
related program, the state clean water revolving loan
fund, shows promise to help address brownfield situa-
tions; it has been used this way in several states.

Assessment Grants
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
state, local and tribal governments; land clearance
authorities; or other quasi-governmental entities; re-
gional council or redevelopment agencies; or state or
government entities.
Limitations: Due to budget limitations, no entity may
apply for more than $700,000 in assessment funding.

Availability: Grants are $200,000 for site assessments
and $200,000 for petroleum. Applicants may seek a
waiver of the $200,000 limit and request up to $3 50,000
for a hazardous substances, pollutants or contami-
nants or petroleum. Such waivers must be based on
the anticipated level of hazardous substances, pol-
lutants or contaminants. The performance period is
two years.

Uses/Applications:
• Inventory sites
• Characterize sites
• Assess sites
• Conduct planning and community involvement re-
lated to brownfields

Cleanup Grants

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
state, local and tribal governments; land clearance
authorities; or other quasi-governmental entities; re-
gional council or redevelopment agencies; or state or
government entities. In order to receive a Cleanup
grant, the applicant must own the site for which they
are applying by the time the grant is awarded. A mini-
mum of a Phase I site assessment must be completed
prior to proposal submission.

Limitations: No entity may apply for more than
$1,000,000 for funding cleanup activities at more than
five sites. Cleanup grants require a 20 percent cost
share, which may be in the form of a contribution of
money, labor, material or services, and must be for
eligible and allowable costs. A Cleanup grant appli-
cant may request a waiver of the 20 percent cost share
requirement based on hardship.

Availability: An eligible entity may apply for up to
$200,000 per site. The performance period is two years.

Uses/Applications:
• Carry out cleanup activities at brownfields

Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) Grants

Limitations: At least 60 percent of the awarded
funds must be used to implement a revolving loan
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
fund, in order to provide no-interest or low-interest
loans for brownfields cleanup. RLF grants require a
20 percent cost share, which may be in the form of
money, labor, materials, or services, and must for eli-
gible and allowable costs.

Availability: An eligible entity may apply for up to
$1,000,000. Coalitions of eligible entities may apply
together under one recipient for up to $ 1,000,000 per
eligible entity. The performance period is five years.

Uses/Applications:
• Capitalize a revolving loan fund and provide
subgrants to carry out cleanup activities at
brownfields
• Address sites contaminated by petroleum and haz-
ardous substances, pollutants or contaminants (in-
cluding hazardous substances co-mingled with
petroleum)

Proposal Guidelines for Brownfields Assessment,
Revolving Loan Fund, and Cleanup Grants
http://www.epa.gov/swemsps/bf/applicat.htmnpg

Clean Water State Revolving Loan Funds (CWSRFs)

These funds are barely on the radar screen as a
brownfields financing tool, but they have considerable
potential for use at sites where water quality is an issue.
Capitalized by EPA, these funds can be used by states
for loans of up to 20 years to finance activities that in-
clude brownfields mitigation to correct or prevent water
quality problems, and which have a revenue stream to
provide for loan repayment. There is no limit on the
amount of funding that a project can access. Only a few
states — notably New Mexico, New York and Ohio —
have used this approach for brownfields. CWSRFs have
funded over $43,500,000,000, providing over 14,200 low-
interest loans to date for water quality protection projects.

Limitations: States set CWSRF project priorities
within broad EPA guidelines.

Availability: Each state determines who may use its
revolving funds.

Uses/Applications:
• Excavation and disposal of underground storage
tanks
• Capping wells
• Excavation, removal and disposal of contaminated
soil or sediments
• Well abandonment
• Phase I, II or III assessments

http://www.epa.gov/owmitnet/cwfinance/cwsrf/
index.htm

State and Tribal Response Program

The Brownfields Law authorizes a noncompetitive
$50,000,000 grant program to establish and enhance state
and tribal response programs. Its goals are to ensure
that state and tribal response programs include certain
elements as well as provide funding for other activities
that increase the number of response actions conducted
or overseen by a state or tribal response program. The
funding is not intended to supplant current state or tribal
funding for response programs. Instead, it is to supple-
ment their funding and increase their response program's
capacity.

Eligibility Requirements: To be eligible for funding
a state or tribe must: 1) demonstrate that their re-
sponse program includes, or is taking reasonable steps
to establish a response program or be a party to a
voluntary response program Memorandum of Agree-
ment (MOA) with EPA; and 2) maintain and make
available to the public, a record of sites at which re-
sponse actions have been completed in the previous
year and are planned to be addressed in the upcom-
ing year.

Limitations:
• Limit of $200,000 per site canbe funded for assess-
ments and no more than $200,000 per site can be
funded for cleanups.
• Subgrants cannot be provided to entities that may
be potentially responsible parties.

Availability: For fiscal year 2005, EPA considered
funding requests up to $1,500,000 per state or tribe.

Uses/Applications:
• Develop legislation, regulations, procedures, guid-
ance, etc. to establish or enhance a response pro-
gram
• Capitalize an RLF for brownfields cleanup
• Purchase environmental insurance or develop risk
management tools
• Establish and maintain institutional controls
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
• Conduct limited site-specific activities, such as as-
sessment or cleanup, provided such activities are
secondary to the primary use of the funds

http://www.epa. gov/swerosps/bf/state_tribal. htm
TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Job Training Grants

This effort links the goal of encouraging site cleanup
with that of training for jobs in the environmental field,
including innovative treatment technologies - so people
affected by brownfields can be trained to help address
them.

Availability: An eligible entity may apply for up to
$200,000. The performance period is two years.

Uses/Applications:
• Prepare trainees for future employment in the envi-
ronmental cleanup field
• Facilitate cleanup of brownfields contaminated with
hazardous substances, pollutants or contaminants
and petroleum

http://www.epa.gov/swemsps/bf/applicat.htmttjt
Targeted Brownfields Assessments (TBAs)

This program is designed to help states, tribes and mu-
nicipalities supplement and work with other efforts un-
der EPA's Brownfields Program. TEA assistance is
available directly from EPA through EPA's 10 Regional
offices.

Eligibility Requirements: TEA funding may only be
used at properties eligible for EPA Brownfields Pro-
gram funding.

Limitations: EPA generally will not fund TBAs at
properties where the owner is responsible for the con-
tamination unless there is a clear means of recouping
EPA expenditures. Further, the TB Aprogram does not
provide resources to conduct cleanup or building
demolition activities.

Availability: The TEA selection process varies with
each EPA Region. Each Region is given an annual
TEA budget.
Uses/Applications:
• A screening or "all appropriate inquiry" (Phase I)
assessment, including a background and historical
investigation and a preliminary site inspection
• A full (Phase II) environmental assessment, includ-
ing sampling activities to identify the types and
concentrations of contaminants and the areas of
contamination to be cleaned
• Establishment of cleanup options and cost esti-
mates based on future uses and redevelopment plans

http://www. epa.gov/brownfields/tba. htm
Environmental Enforcement Education Grant Program

This grant program sponsored by EPA's Office of Envi-
ronmental Education supports environmental education
(EE) projects that enhance the public's awareness, knowl-
edge and skills to make informed decisions that affect
environmental quality.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entitles include:
colleges and universities, local and tribal education
agencies, state education or environmental agencies,
nonprofit organizations and non-commercial educa-
tions broadcasting entities.

Limitations: Grantees must provide non-federal
matching funds of at least 25 percent of the total cost
of the grant project. The match may be cash or in-kind
contributions.

Availability: Approximately 200 grants are awarded
annually. Grants for more than $50,000 (typically rang-
ing from $85,000 to $100,000) are awarded by EPA
Headquarters and grants of $50,000 or less are
awarded by the regional offices.

Uses/Applications:
• Build state capacity to deliver environmental edu-
cation programs
• Advance state education reform goals
• Improve environmental teaching skills
• Educate the public through community-based or-
ganizations
• Educate teachers, health professionals, community
leaders and the public about human health threats
from pollution, especially as it affects children
• Promote environmental careers

http://www. epa.gov/enviroed/grants.html
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Environmental Justice Small Grant Program

The purpose of this program is to provide community-
based/grassroots organizations with assistance in ad-
dressing local environmental problems with local
solutions.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
community-based organizations.

Limitations: If a project is funded under the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCL A), the proj ect must be of a
research nature only. Activities must be completed
and funds spent within the one-year period specified
in the grant award unless EPA approval is given.

Availability: Funding available for this program is
$750,000 with individual awards of $25,000. Each Re-
gion receives $75,000 to support local projects. From
the $75,000, one CERCLA research project ($25,000)
and two multi-media projects ($25,000 each) will be
awarded from each Region. The total project cost for
each proj ect must be exactly $25,000.

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/
environmentaljustice/grants/ej_smgrants.html
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Anthony P. Raia
U.S. EPA Office of Brownfields Cleanup and
Redevelopment
Mail Code 5105 T
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
202-566-2758
raia. anthony @epa. gov

Main Site
http://www. epa.gov

Office of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment
http://www. epa.gov/brownfields/
SNAPSHOT
Salt Lake City, Utah
On November 1,2001, the first 60 of 84 retailers,
restaurants and other attractions opened for
business at Salt Lake City's new downtown
mixed-use development, the Gateway. Where
railroad lines once webbed across contaminated
brownfields, this $375,000,000 redevelopment
project is revitalizing a 30-acre portion of the
neglected west side of Utah's capital city and is
the latest project to be completed under Salt
Lake's Gateway Land Use and Development
Master Plan. The city's multiy ear proj ect targets
a 650-acre blighted industrial area known as the
Gateway District. This success is the result of
the city's receiving a $200,000 EPA Brownfields
Assessment Pilot grant in 1996 to conduct
environmental assessments on the 650 acres.
The project was further aided by a $200,000 EPA
Brownfields Supplemental Assistance grant (no
longer available) in March 2000 and another
$500,000 resulting from the city's designation as
an EPA Brownfields Showcase Community. The
first 30 acres have been redeveloped to create
two million square feet of shops, restaurants,
office space, housing and a 12 screen movie
theater.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Federal Housing Finance Board
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Federal Housing Finance Board (FHFB) is divided
into 12 Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks), which
are government-chartered, member-owned corporations.
These FHLBanks provide long-term loans to its member
financial institutions, which then advance these loans
to individuals or entities in the community for residential
mortgages or economic development activities, includ-
ing brownfields redevelopment projects.

Brownfields Connections
• FHLBanks provide financing to member institutions
to support a wide range of affordable housing projects;
rental and owner-occupied as well as single-family and
multi-family units — targeted to member banks.
• FHLBanks encourage member institutions to engage
in lending to meet community development needs, such
as housing and economic development, which can take
place on brownfields sites — targeted to banks
• FHLBanks use a variety of financing tools for redevel-
opment such as the purchase of taxable and tax-ex-
empt bonds — targeted to banks
Community Investment Cash Advance (CICA) Program
The CICA programs of the 12 FHLBanks offer funding
for projects targeted to certain economic development
activities, including brownfields redevelopment. CICA
programs used for economic development: Rural Devel-
opment Advance (RD A) Program; Urban Development
Advance (UDA) Program; and the Community Invest-
ment Program (CIP).
Eligibility Requirements: For a list of projects that
qualify, see the CICA Web site.
Limitations: CICA program criteria and eligibility re-
quirements vary among FHLBanks, but all CICA
projects must meet FHFB CICA regulations.
Availability: EachFHLBank has a Community Lend-
ing Plan, in which it describes its program objectives
and funding availability.
Uses/Applications: Economic development projects
include: commercial, industrial, manufacturing, social
service, infrastructure projects and public facilities.
http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/
FHLBP_economic_reg. htm
RESOURCES
FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Community Investment Program (CIP)
This loan program provides funding for housing and
economic development activities in distressed neighbor-
hoods. The CIP supports community-oriented mortgage
lending that can be used to target commercial and eco-
nomic development projects in low- and moderate-in-
come neighborhoods that include brownfield sites. Since
1990, the Federal Home Loan Banks have advanced more
than $5 billion for such commercial and economic devel-
opment projects.
Uses/Applications:
• Brownfields cleanup and redevelopment projects
• Finance housing, commercial and economic devel-
opment activities
• Provide funding for community-oriented facilities
like day-care centers and educational facilities
http://ww.ftifb.gov/FHLB/FHLBP_housing_CI.htm
Federal Home Loan Bank Standby Letters of Credit
(LOC)
The LOC regulation provides the FHLBanks with addi-
tional flexibility to use letters of credit for housing or
economic development projects including those for
brownfields redevelopment.
Uses/Applications:
• Facilitate residential housing finance
• Facilitate community lending
• Assist with asset/liability management
• Assist with liquidity and other funding
http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/FHLBP'_LOC.htm

Affordable Housing Program (AHP)

The AHP subsidizes the interest rates for advances
(loans) and provides direct subsidies (grants) to mem-
ber institutions of the FHLBanks for long-term, very-
low, low and moderate-income, owner-occupied and
affordable rental housing.
http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/
FHLBP_housing_AHP.htm
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Charles McLean
Office of Supervision
Community Development and Affordable Housing
Federal Housing Finance Board
1625 Eye Street, NW
4th Floor
Washington, DC 20006-4001
202-408-2537
mcleanc@fhfb.gov

Main Site
http://www.fhfb.gov

Federal Home Loan Bank Community Lending
Plans
http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/
FHLBP_economic_CLP.htm

Federal Home Loan Bank Community Investment
Officers
http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/FHLBP_officers.htm
SNAPSHOT
Palm Beach, Broward,
and Miami-Dade Counties, Florida

A 115 -mile corridor in the Florida counties of
Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade contains
more than 2,100 known contaminated sites. The
Eastward Ho! Brownfields Partnership seeks to
alleviate growth pressure on the Everglades by
encouraging sustainable brownfields reuse. The
corridor — developed along two railroad tracks
— is the location of numerous brownfields
which vary widely in size, degree and type of
contamination. The Federal Housing Finance
Board (FHFB) was one of 16 federal agencies
that partnered with this pilot program. The FHFB
provides information and technical assistance on
accessing the Federal Home Loan banking
system. This gives credibility to the Eastward
Ho! Partnership and increases access to loans
from local banks. FHFB also provides
information and technical assistance on how to
access the Federal Home Loan banking system.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
General Services Administration
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission
With thousands of federal properties located through-
out the country, the General Services Administration
(GS A) is partnering with communities to target underused
federal properties. GS A works to expedite federal prop-
erty reuse, promoting tools such as Early Transfer Au-
thority and fixed price remediation contracts.
GS A reviews and identifies underused federally-owned
brownfields that are potentially available for redevelop-
ment. Brownfields transactions are primarily real estate
deals, and in the case of available federal properties,
GS A can serve as the "honest broker" in these transac-
tions, bringing the right resources and people to the
table to get the deal done. To carry out this role, GSAis:
• Developing a toolkit to help foster the partnerships
• Educating potential federal property developers on
the federal real property disposal process
• Coordinating a campaign to educate states and com-
munities engaged in brownfields revitalization about
innovative disposal methods, such as Early Transfer
Authority and the privatization of remediation.

Brownfields Connections
• Works with local communities to determine how
underused or surplus federal properties can support
—targeted to local communities.

RESOURCES

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Community Involvement
GSA's Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative identifies
and redeploys underutilized federal properties. Within
each of its brownfields project locations, GSA works with
state and local planners, economic development officials
and community groups to effectively match underused
federal property holdings with local revitalization objec-
tives. GSA, guided by local objectives, focuses and pri-
oritizes the disposal of underutilized real property.
Eligibility Requirements: To address potential fed-
eral brownfields, GSA has targeted 39 diverse project
locations. Project locations were chosen based upon
existing partnerships among federal, state and local
organizations already working to better the economic
and social well-being of these communities. For a list
of all project locations, please check the Brownfields
Redevelopment Initiative Web site.

Availability: Assistance is provided to local officials,
community stakeholders, and state and federal agen-
cies.

Uses/Applications:
• Ensure that underutilized federal properties are a
productive component in local revitalization and
livability efforts

http://bri.gsa.gov/brownfields/home/

Building Partnerships

GSA formed a National Brownfields Team comprised of
key individuals from its regional Property Disposal of-
fice to coordinate with state and federal representatives
to ensure that the identification of underutilized federal
properties incorporates the latest state and federal revi-
talization initiatives. GSA integrated this information
using a geographic information system (GIS).

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Lee Anne Galanes
General Services Administration
Office of Real Property Asset Management
Property Disposal Division (PVB)
18th and F Streets NW, Room 4233
Washington, DC 20405
202-501-2287
leeanne.galanes@gsa.gov

Main Site
http://www.gsa.gov

Office of Property Disposal
http://propertydisposal.gsa.gov/Property/SpecProj/
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
SNAPSHOT
Los Angeles, California

The City of Los Angeles, California, is targeting
brownfields located along the Alameda Corridor,
a 20-mile route between the Los Angeles/Long
Beach ports and rail distribution yards, for
assessment, cleanup and redevelopment. The
combined ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach
comprise the largest U.S. port complex and link
the American and Pacific Rim markets. A study
conducted by the city's Community
Redevelopment Agency (CRA) in South Central
Los Angeles found 344 potentially contaminated
sites within a three-mile radius. Because these
sites are located on industrially zoned property
near major transportation routes, their economic
potential is exceptional. The city successfully
partnered with the General Services
Administration (GS A) to develop a GIS to
identify potential surplus federal property within
in the Corridor for revitalization.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Health and Human Services
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR) seeks to prevent human exposure to hazard-
ous substances in the environment. Its public health
functions include: assessments of sites; the analysis and
reporting of collected assessments data; education and
training concerning hazardous substances; epidemio-
logical surveillance studies; and the mitigation of releases
of hazardous substances into the environment. ATSDR
focuses its brownfields activities on:
• Partnering — Establishing and maintaining relation-
ships with other federal, state, local and community
stakeholders interested in brownfields redevelopment.
• Providing Support — Working with partners to pro-
vide technical assistance and advice on brownfields
activities.
• Promoting Public Health — Providing national lead-
ership to state and local health agencies working on
brownfields.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides training on environmental health impacts on
minority communities — targeted to academic institu-
tions and various brownfield community stakehold-
ers.
• Offers assessment of environmental sampling data—
targeted to all brownfield community stakeholders.

RESOURCES

The extent of ATSDR's involvement at an individual site
will depend on the health issues and the ability of
ATSDR's state and local health department partners to
adequately address those issues and ATSDR's resource
capabilities.

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Review and Assess Environmental Sampling Data

ATSDR can review and assess environmental sampling
data and other site-related information.

Health-Related Information Sharing

ATSDR can provide health-related information on spe-
cific hazardous substances; coordinate a response to a
real or perceived elevated incidence of disease near a
site; and help individual workers or community members
find experienced, private medical attention for signifi-
cant hazardous substance exposure.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Steven L. Jones, ATSDR Liaison Office to EPA
Headquarters
Division of Regional Operations
1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW
Ariel Rios Building - MC#5204G
Washington, DC 20460
703-603-8729
sxj6@cdc.gov

Tarah S. Somers, ATSDR Liaison Office to EPA
Headquarters
Division of Regional Operations
1201 Pennsylvania Ave,NW
Ariel Rios Building - MC#5204G
Washington, DC 20460
703-603-8766
somers.tarah@epa.gov

Tina Forrester, Division Director ATSDR's Division
of Regional Operations
ATSDR/DRO
1600 Clifton Road, NE
Mailstop E-29
Atlanta, GA 30333
404-498-0106
txf5@cdc.gov

Main Site
http://www. atsdr. cdc.gov
SNAPSHOT
Seattle/King County, Washington

The City of Seattle/King County, Washington, is
focusing its brownfields cleanup program on
creating greenspace. In particular, the program is
concentrating on the cleanup and
redevelopment in the three King County
manufacturing and industrial centers, including
the Duwamish industrial corridor. The corridor
encompasses more than 8,500 acres and
contains more than 200 contaminated properties.
With the assistance of the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Control (ATSDR), the
Boulevard Park Community Council performed
environmental assessments at a former dry
cleaning/gas station site. The goal is to convert
the site to a neighborhood park. ATSDR
provided additional assistance by disseminating
information and responding to community
concerns regarding issues related to the cleanup
and redevelopment of brownfields.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Health and Human Services —
National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, National Institutes of Health
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

Among other things, the National Institute of Environ-
mental Health Sciences (NIEHS) studies and addresses
the environmental causes of human health concerns,
and tries to link its basic research, community outreach,
and worker-training programs to EPA's Brownfields Pro-
gram.

NIEHS contributes biomedical, public health, environ-
mental research and training programs for those engaged
in environmental efforts such as cleanup and
remediation. NIEHS also provides outreach and educa-
tion to the public and other organizations regarding these
issues. NIEHS commits to continuing to administer and
fund the Brownfields Minority Worker Training Program
in collaboration with EPA's Office of Brownfields Cleanup
and Redevelopment to increase workforce development
opportunities for residents surrounding brownfields
communities and linking other program grantees with
brownfields communities to address other worker-train-
ing needs and issues.

Brownfields Connections
• Conducts pilot programs to recruit minority workers
to the environmental field under the Minority Worker
Training Program (MWTP) and the Brownfields Mi-
nority Worker Training Programs (BMWTP) — cur-
rently targeted to five academic institutions and
training consortia.
• Provides grants to organizations to develop model
occupational safety and health training for workers
who perform dangerous jobs in hazardous waste man-
agement and remediation — targeted to non profit
organizations with an established track record of con-
ducting health and safety training.
• Provides grants to for-profit companies under the
Advanced Training Technology (ATT) program —
ATT products targeted to companies employing
HAZMAT workers, emergency responders, and small
business participants in the Small Businesses Inno-
vative Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technol-
ogy Transfer Research (STTR) programs.
• Conducts research and outreach on environmental
hazards and cleanup technologies targeting Superfund
sites and other sites such as brownfields.
RESOURCES
TECHNICALASSISTANCE

NIEHS Worker Education and Training Program
(WETP)

These training grants provide model occupational safety
and health training for workers and their supervisors
who perform dangerous jobs in hazardous waste man-
agement and remediation programs.

http://www.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/
Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program
(HWWTP)

The NIEHS WETP has established an effective national
framework to develop and provide comprehensive train-
ing that is needed to address Superfund cleanups, chemi-
cal emergency responses, RCRA corrective actions and
environmental restoration.

Eligibility Requirements: Only nonprofit organiza-
tions providing worker health and safety education
and training may submit an application. This includes
universities, faith-based or community-based organi-
zations and historically black colleges and universi-
ties (HBCUs).

Limitations: A request for applications (RFA) is re-
leased every five years. The next RFA will be released
in2009.

Availability: In fiscal year 2005, approximately
$26,500,000 was allocated to continue support efforts
to train hazardous waste workers and emergency re-
sponders.

Uses/Applications:
• Improve worker safety and health training

http://www.mehs. nih.gov/wetp/program/
haz\vaste.htm
Minority Worker Training Program (MWTP)

This program focuses on delivering training to disad-
vantaged young adults in order to prepare them for em-
ployment in the areas of environmental cleanup and
construction. The MWTP works with academic institu-
tions, with a particular focus on HB CU, as well as public
schools and community-based organizations located in
or nearby impacted areas.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
http://www.mehs. nih.gov/wetp/program/
minority.htm

Brownfields Minority Worker Training Program
(BMWTP)

This program broadens the MWTP to provide compre-
hensive training to disadvantaged residents and to fos-
ter economic and environmental restoration to
communities impacted by brownfields.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
nonprofit organizations providing worker health and
safety education and training including universities,
faith-based or community-based organizations and
HBCUs.
Limitations: NIEHS support is limited to one of these
training programs in the same community. An RFA is
released every five years for a five year funding pe-
riod. The next RFA will be released in 2009.
Availability: Approximately $3,500,000 was appropri-
ated in 2005 for the MWTP.

Uses/Applications:
• Increase the number of minority adults in the envi-
ronmental field
• Provide pre-employment job training including lit-
eracy, life skills, environmental preparation and other
related courses construction skills training
• Provide environmental worker training including
hazardous waste, asbestos and lead abatement
training
• Provide safety and health training
http://www.mehs. nih.gov/wetp/program/
brownfields. htm
Advanced Technology Training Program (ATT)

ATT focuses on the development of E-Learning prod-
ucts for health and safety training needed by HAZMAT
workers and emergency responders. It directs its re-
sources towards small business participants in the SBIR
and STTR programs.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities are U. S.
small business institutions.
Availability: Approximately $786,000 is awarded an-
nually.
Uses/Applications:
• Provide ATT products for health and safety train-
ing such as distance learning, virtual reality train-
ing simulations and interactive television
http://www.mehs. nih.gov/wetp/program/att. htm
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Sharon D. Beard, Industrial Hygienist
Worker Education & Training Program
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
NIH, DHHS
PO Box 12233, MD EC-25
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
919-541-1863
beardl@niehs.nih.gov
Joseph (Chip) Hughes, Jr., Director
Worker Education & Training Program
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
NIH, DHHS
PO Box 12233, MD EC-25
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
919-541-0217
hughes3@niehs.nih.gov
SNAPSHOT
Boston, Massachusetts

Jobs for Youth-Boston — now known as JFY
Networks — was awarded an EPABrownfields
Job Training Pilot grant in 1998 and was awarded
a subsequent Job Training grant in 2003. JFY
Networks recruits trainees from low-income
communities in and around Boston,
Massachusetts. In addition to the job training
grant, the National Institute of Environmental
Health Services provided $90,000 to expand the
environmental technician program and cover
some the operating expenses. Once completing
the program, trained local residents — many of
whom are impacted by brownfields — obtain
entry-level environmental positions. These
positions are available to assist with local
brownfields assessment and cleanup projects.
To date, 97 participants have entered the
program with 61 of those obtaining employment.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Office of Community Services
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission
The Office of Community Services (OCS) works in part-
nerships with states, communities and other agencies to
address the economic and social needs of the urban and
rural poor at the local level by providing grant monies
and technical assistance to these organizations. The goal
is to increase the capacity of individuals and families to
become self-sufficient and to revitalize communities.

Brownfields Connection
• Provides grants to community development corpora-
tions and community action agencies forbrownfields
redevelopment and job creation projects.
RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Job Opportunities for Low-Income Individuals (JOLI)

JOLI is a job creation program that awards funds to non-
profit organizations that create new full-time employment.
Program funds are awarded under four project strate-
gies: 1) expansion of existing businesses through tech-
nical and financial assistance; 2) self-employment/
micro-enterprise; 3) new business ventures; and 4) non-
traditional employment.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
nonprofit organizations (including community devel-
opment corporations, faith-based, charitable organi-
zations and tribal organizations).

Limitations: Projects must create new permanent
full-time employment opportunities.

Availability: Approximately $5,500,000 is appropri-
ated annually and each year approximately 10 grants
are awarded per fiscal year. Grant awards are approved
for up to a three-year project period and the maximum
grant award of $500,000 is for the full project period.
There is no funds match requirement, however OCS
encourages applicants to mobilize additional funds.

Uses/Applications:
• Create new employment opportunities for low in-
come individuals

Community Economic Development (CED) Program

This program provides funds to create employment and
business development opportunities for low-income resi-
dents. Eligible applicants include: private, nonprofit or-
ganizations that are community development corpora-
tions (CDC) including faith-based, charitable and Tribal
and Alaskan Natives organizations.

Uses/Applications:
• Start-up or expansion of businesses, physical and
commercial development
• Capital expenditures such as the purchase of equip-
ment or real property
• Operating expenses
• Equity investments

Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) Program

This program provides funds for the amelioration of the
causes and conditions of poverty in communities to:
states and U.S. territories; federal and state-recognized
Indian tribes and tribal organizations; community action
agencies; and several hundred other locally-based orga-
nizations. Funds provide a range of services and activi-
ties to assist the needs of low-income individuals
including the homeless, migrants and the elderly. Grants
are determined by a statutory formula based on popula-
tion.

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Rural Community Facilities

This program supports low-income rural communities in
the development of affordable, safe water and waste water
treatment facilities. Activities may include training and
technical assistance in developing and managing water
facilities in rural areas; improving the coordination of
federal, state and local agencies in water and waste wa-
ter management; assisting communities in obtaining fi-
nancing for their facilities, and distributing information.
Nonprofit organizations (including community develop-
ment corporations, faith-based, charitable organizations,
and tribal organizations) are eligible.

CONTACTS

Josephine B. Robinson
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Office of Community Services
370 L'EnfantPromenade, S.W.
Washington, DC 20201

Main Site
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ocs/
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Housing and Urban Development
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The overall mission of the U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD) is to increase
homeownership, support community development and
increase access to affordable housing free from discrimi-
nation. HUD has sevenbrownfield-applicable programs:
• Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program
(CDBG grants for Entitlement Communities, States,
Insular Areas and non-entitlement grants in Hawaii)
• Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program
• Office of Community Renewal (and the related Eco-
nomic Development Initiative)
• Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BED!)
• HOME Investment Partnership Program
• Empowerment Zones (EZ) and Enterprise Communi-
ties (EC) Initiative
• Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Grant Program

Brownfields Connections
• Provides block grants and competitive awards for re-
vitalizing communities — targeted to state and local
governments.
• Offers federally-guaranteed loans for large economic
development and revitalization projects in communi-
ties — targeted to state and local governments.
• Provides priority status for certain federal programs
and grants for HUD-designated EZ or EC — targeted
to 80 local governments with low-income or distressed
areas.
• Provides options for meeting safe and affordable hous-
ing needs in developed areas — targeted to low and
moderate income households.
RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Community Development Block Grant Program
(CDBG)
The program increasingly has driven economic develop-
ment activities, including brownfields redevelopment,
that have the potential to stimulate job and business
opportunities in low-income and blighted communities.
CDBG addresses smaller neighborhood-based projects
as well as larger projects, where initial resource injec-
tions are needed to help with site cleanup and related
preparation. HUD funding can be used for cleanup of all
types of contaminants as well as necessary redevelop-
ment activities like demolition.
Eligibility Requirements: The CDBG funded activ-
ity must meet one of the program's three objectives:
1) principally benefit low- and moderate-income per-
sons; 2) prevent or eliminate slums or blight; or 3)
meet other urgent community development needs.
Availability: Congress appropriated about
$4,700,000,000 for the CDBG program for fiscal year
2005, including set-asides. HUD distributes 70 per-
cent of the CDBG formula appropriations to more than
1,100 entitlement communities, and the remainingSO
percent of the formula funds go to the states for dis-
tribution to non-entitlement small cities and coun-
ties. Entitlement communities administer their own
programs and have broad discretion in the selection
of activities that they carry out each year. States have
broad discretion in the method of distribution of funds
to non-entitlement units of general local government.
In Hawaii and U.S. territories, HUD makes grants di-
rectly to non-entitlement communities.
Uses/Applications:
• Prepare plans for redevelopment or revitalization of
brownfields
• Acquire sites
• Conduct environmental site assessment
• Clear sites, demolish and remove buildings
• Rehabilitate buildings
• Clean up contamination
http://www. hud.gov/offices/cpd/
communitydevelopment/programs/index.cfm
Community Development Block Grant Entitlement
Communities Grants
The program provides annual grants on a formula basis
to entitled cities and counties to develop viable urban
communities by providing decent housing and a suit-
able living environment, and by expanding economic
opportunities, principally for low- and moderate-income
persons.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
cities with populations of at least 50,000 and qualified
urban counties with populations of 200,000.
Limitations: Acquisition, construction or recon-
struction of buildings for government use are not eli-
gible.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Availability: $2,876,000,000 in entitlements and
$ 1,232,000 in non-entitlements were awarded in fiscal
year 2005.

Uses/Applications:
• Acquisition of real property
• Relocation and demolition
• Rehabilitation of residential and non-residential
structures
• Construction of public facilities including infrastruc-
ture and community buildings
• Activities relating to energy conservation and re-
newable energy resources
• Provision of assistance to profit-motivated busi-
nesses to carry out economic development and job
creation/retention activities

http://www. hud.gov/offices/cpd/
communitydevelopment/programs/index.cfm

State Community Development Block Grant

States administer CDBG funds for non-entitlement small
community areas.

Eligibility Requirements: States participating in the
CDBG Program award grants only to units of general
local government that carry out development activi-
ties

http://www. hud.gov/offwes/cpd/
communitydevelopment/programs/index.cfm
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program

Section 108 provides federally guaranteed loans for large
economic development and revitalizationprojects, hous-
ing and public infrastructure projects. Small cities must
work through their states. CDBG recipients must pro-
vide security of the Section 108 guaranteed loan (often
the assets of the assisted project) and are required to
pledge a portion of their current and future CDBG grants
to repay the debt in the event the project does not gen-
erate sufficient funds to repay the debt.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
CDBG entitlement recipients and states on behalf of
non-entitlement jurisdictions.

Limitations: CDBG entitlement recipients and states
may borrow an amount equal to five times the recipi-
ents' latest CDBG entitlement grant.

Availability: HUD has $481,000,000 in new and
carryover guarantee authority available for fiscal year
2005.

Uses/Applications:
• Economic development activities and housing re-
habilitation eligible under CDBG
• Acquisition of real property (including brownfields)
• Rehabilitation of publicly owned real property (in-
cluding brownfields)
• Construction, reconstruction or installation of public
facilities (including street, sidewalk and other site
improvements)
• Related relocation, clearance and site improvements
• Payment of interest on the guaranteed loan and
issuance costs of public offerings
• Debt service reserves
• Public works and site improvements in colonias
• Housing construction

http://www. hud.gov/offices/cpd/
communitydevelopment/programs/108/index. cfm
Office of Community Renewal (RC/EZ/EC)

The Renewal Community/Enterprise Zone/Enterprise
Community (RC/EZ/EC) Initiatives offer tax incentives
and flexible funding. These efforts bring communities
together through a strategic planning process to attract
the investment necessary for sustainable economic and
sustainable community development.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
EZ/EC have had access to over $5,000,000,000 in tax in-
centives. These tax incentives include wage tax credits
for employers, tax relief for business equipment pur-
chases, tax-exempt bond financing for business prop-
erty, and tax incentives for brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment.
Limitations: Assistance is limited to already estab-
lished Renewal Communities, Enterprise Zones, and
Enterprise Communities. No new designations will be
made.
http.VAvww. hud.gov/offices/cpd/
economicdevelopment/programs/rc/index.cfm
Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BED!)

BEDI grants target economic development onbrownfields
and are intended to simulate private and public invest-
ments within local communities.

Limitations: BEDI grants must be used in tandem
with new Section 108 loan guarantee commitments.

http://www. hud.gov/offices/cpd/
economicdevelopment/programs/edi/index.cfm
HOME Investment Partnerships Program
HOME is the largest federal block grant to create afford-
able housing. HUD directly distributes HOME funds to
632 state and local jurisdiction and four insular areas.

Eligibility Requirements: Annual grants are pro-
vided to participating jurisdictions, which include
states, eligible cities and urban counties
Limitations: Participating jurisdictions are required
to contribute or match 25 cents for each dollar of
HOME funds spent on affordable housing.
Availability: HUD directly distributes HOME funds
to 632 state and local jurisdiction and four insular
areas.
Uses/Applications:
• Acquire property
• Construct new housing for rent or ownership
• Rehabilitate rental or owner-occupied units
• Provide home purchase or rehabilitation financing
assistance
• Assist low-income renters through tenant-based
rental assistance or payment of security deposits
www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/affordablehousing/
programs/home/index, cfm

Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Grant Program
HUD's lead-based paint program was established to re-
duce young children's exposure to lead paint hazards in
their homes. Since 1993, HUD has awarded nearly
$700,000,000 to more than 200 local and state jurisdic-
tions. HUD provides states and local governments with
grants, ranging from $ 1,000,000 to $2,500,000.

Eligibility Requirements: Homes selected for assis-
tance under the grant program must have been con-
structed before 1978 and have lead-based paint
hazards, which may include lead contaminated dust
or soil. The housing must also be privately owned
and occupied by or rented to low-income families.
Availability: HUD provides states and local govern-
ments with grants, ranging from $1,000,000 to
$2,500,000.

Uses/Applications:
• Lead-based paint inspections and risk assessments
• Community awareness or education programs on
lead hazard control and lead poisoning prevention
• Blood testing of children prior to lead hazard con-
trol work
• Lead hazard control work (this includes cleaning,
interim controls, and hazard abatement)
• Temporary relocation of families during hazard con-
trol activities
• Training for workers and supervisors
• Training on lead safe maintenance practices for resi-
dents and others working in low-income housing
http.VAvww. hud.gov/offices/lead/lhc/index. cfm
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Stan Gimont, Director
Entitlement Communities Division
Office of Block Grant Assistance in Office of
Community Planning and Development
4517th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-1577 ext. 4559
Stanley _gimont@hud.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Steve Johnson, Director
State and Small Cities Division
State CDBG Program
Office of Block Grant Assistance in Office of
Community Planning and Development
4517th Street SW
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-1322
stevejohnson@hud.gov
Bill Seedyke
BEDI/Competitive EDI
Office of Economic Development
4517th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-3484 ext. 4445
william_seedyke@hud.gov
Paul Webster, Director
Financial Management and Section 108 Division
Office of Block Grant Assistance in HUD's Office of
Community Planning and Development
451 7th Street SW, Room 7180
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-1871
paul_webster@hud.gov
Pamela Glekas Spring, Director
Office of Community Renewal
Community Planning and Development
451 7th Street SW, Room 7130
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-6339
pamela_glekas@hud.gov
Mary Kolesar, Director
Office of Affordable Housing Programs
4517th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-2684
mary_kolesar@hud.gov

HUD Brownfield Hotline
800-998-9999

Main Site
http://www.hud.gov
SNAPSHOT
Yuma, Arizona
The historic Carver Park Neighborhood is a 22-
block area located in the older part of Yuma,
Arizona. The neighborhood has a high rate of
unemployment with nearly hah0 of its residents
living in poverty. Much of the housing was
substandard and for many years Carver Park was
severely blighted with few prospects for
revitalization. In March 200, Carver Park was
declared a CDBG Neighborhood Revitalization
Strategy Area. Significant housing improvements
and additions have been made including: new
town homes, rental housing, single-family
homes; rehabilitated single-family units; and
reconstructed homes. HUD also approved a
Section 108 loan guarantee for homeownership
activities. As part of the revitalization efforts, the
Carver Park neighborhood opened the Dr. Martin
L. King Neighborhood Community Center, a safe
place for youth to gather. The improvements
made in this neighborhood demonstrate grass
roots community involvement and impressive
leveraging of public and private funds and
programs to maximize HUD CDBG funding. To
date a total of $27.5 million has been leveraged
for neighborhood revitalization from a total HUD
investment of $4.1 million.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Justice
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) does not have a
specific brownfields reuse program, but it supports ini-
tiatives through the Community Capacity Development
Office (CCDO) that encourages redevelopment directly,
through its Brownfield Special Emphasis Initiative, and
indirectly, through the Weed and Seed Program. The
CCDO aims to work with local communities to design
strategies for deterring crime, promoting economic growth
and enhancing quality of life.

Brownfields Connections
• Brownfields Special Emphasis Initiative gives commu-
nities that are unsuccessful in seeking EPA funding, a
"second chance" to carry out initiatives aimed at site
preparation and development, and community out-
reach and participation — targeted to Weed and Seed
program grantees.
• Advise and assist with the use of EPA Brownfields
Program funds to clean up methamphetamine labs —
targeted to all EPA grantees addressing meth labs.
• Assist in crime prevention and improving the commu-
nity climate through neighborhood restoration and
crime prevention—targeted to local governments for
community use.

RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Brownfields Special Emphasis Initiative (found within
Methamphetamine Lab/Environmental Activities)

In order to support community health and economic de-
velopment, the CCDO provides funding through its
Brownfields Special Emphasis Initiative. Applicants are
encouraged to seek funding for brownfields activities
from existing brownfields programs prior to seeking fund-
ing from the Weed and Seed program.

Eligibility Requirements: Only Officially Recognized
Weed and Seed sites in good standing are eligible to
apply for funding. Official Recognition (OR) designa-
tion is the first step in the federal Weed and Seed
process. A community that is interested in becoming
a Weed and Seed site must first notify the appropriate
U.S. Attorney's Office and then obtain a Weed and
Seed Implementation Manual and the current Offi-
cial Recognition Guidelines and Application. These
documents can be downloaded from the Office of Jus-
tice Programs (OJP) Web site at: www.ojp.usdoj.gov/
ccdo/publications.htm.

Availability: Only one Weed and Seed grant award
per site per federal fiscal year is allowed. Unless oth-
erwise noted Continuation sites may apply for a total
of $225,000: $175,000 in core funding plus $50,000 for
Special Emphasis Initiatives.

Uses/Applications:
• Build partnerships and outreach among stakehold-
ers
• Cleanup, reuse planning, assessment and evalua-
tion
• Renovate existing facilities
• Foster local job development and training initia-
tives

http://www. ojp. usdoj.gov/ccdo/funding. htm
TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Weed and Seed Program

Weed and Seed's law enforcement and community polic-
ing elements make up the "weed" portion, while the pre-
vention, intervention, treatment and neighborhood
restoration elements comprise the "seeds". It is the
program's seed portion that may indirectly affect rede-
velopment by promoting revitalization activities in dis-
tressed areas where brownfields are located.

Uses/Applications:
• Weed and Seed sites can budget up to a maximum
of $7,500 in grant funds for travel to CCDO-spon-
sored conferences and training. Sites should seek
prior approval from their program manager prior to
any other use of these funds.
• Weed and Seed sites can submit a written site-driven
Technical Assistance request asking attendance at
appropriate off-site training courses. The request
is reviewed by the applicable CCDO director for
final review and approval.

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ccdo/welcome.html
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Karen Wardzinski
U.S. Department of Justice
P.O. Box 43 90
Washington, DC 20044-4390
202-514-0474
karen.wardzinski@usdoj.gov

Sharee M. Freeman, Director
Community Relations Service
U.S. Department of Justice
600 E Street, NW, Suite 6000
Washington, D.C. 20530
202-305-2935
sharee .freeman@usdoj. gov

Stephen Thorn, Deputy Director
Community Relations Service
U.S. Department of Justice
600 E Street, NW, Suite 6000
Washington, D.C. 20530
202-514-0474
stephen.thom@usdoj.gov

Main Site
http.V/www. usdoj.gov
SNAPSHOT
East Palo Alto, California

The City of East Palo Alto, California is the
location for the 130-acre Ravenswood Industrial
Area. The Ravenswood area overlooks wetlands
and the San Francisco Bay, and is located at the
gateway to technology-based Silicon Valley,
making it an attractive location for local
industries. East Palo Alto continues to assess
potentially contaminated properties in the
Ravenswood area. EPA and the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
teamed up to assist the city by providing a
federal staff liaison to work onbrownfields and
economic development issues, coordinate
federal and state programs to meet the needs of
East Palo Alto and identify assistance programs
for which the city qualifies. The U.S. Department
of Justice contributed conference travel funds to
assist program administrators in East Palo Alto
to attend professional development conferences.
The program also established a Ravenswood
Industrial Area Stakeholders Group to determine
future land uses with assistance from EPA and
HUD.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Labor
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

While the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) does not have
a brownfields initiative, its mission complements local
redevelopment efforts, which needs workers who are
trained and skilled to handle environmental cleanup and
sustainable redevelopment of brownfields.

Brownfields Connections
• Offers technical assistance linked to job training and
workforce development in brownfields communities
— targeted to state and local governments.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Maria K. Flynn
202-693-3700
flynn.maria@dol.gov

Main Site
http://www. doleta.gov

Regional Offices
http://www.doleta.gov/regions/regoffices/
RESOURCES
TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Job Training and Technical Assistance

DOL provides job training expertise and helps coordi-
nate Workforce Investment Act (WIA) programs in
brownfield communities. In August, 2003, DOL issued a
training and employment notice to all state workforce
agencies and liaisons on potential collaboration with EPA
on brownfields economic development. DOL encourages
local workforce professionals to be involved in the plan-
ning of job readiness needs for the next use of
brownfields.

Eligibility Requirements: Technical assistance is
available to communities with brownfields. State or
local governments interested in this support should
contact the department's Employment and Training
Administration's (ETA) relevant regional administra-
tor; contact information can be found on the regional
offices Web site.

Availability: Interested parties should contact their
local Workforce Investment Board for information.
SNAPSHOT
New Bedford, Massachusetts

New Bedford, Massachusetts, has a long history
of industrial whaling, cotton textile
manufacturing and fishing, which has left little
space for new industrial development. The
decline of the city's main industries and the
recent departure of several large employers have
created abandoned properties that are either
contaminated or thought to be contaminated and
left many without jobs. New Bedford's efforts to
assess and clean up brownfields and reduce a
high unemployment rate indicated a need for
environmental job training. The city was able to
leverage $71,000 in funding from the Department
of Labor to support the program's staff and
office space. The job training program consisted
of 25 weeks of comprehensive environmental
response training, including training in the use
of innovative technologies for site assessment
and cleanup activities. Since its inception, the
program has graduated 60 local residents.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Commerce —
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NO AA) within the Department of Commerce (DoC) works
to balance environmental and economic needs and ben-
efits at waterfront locations. With its coastal focus and
experience in solving critical environmental challenges,
NOAA balances environmental and economic needs by:
rebuilding community waterfronts and redeveloping
brownfields through its strong partnerships with coastal
states' coastal zone management programs; revitalizing
port areas through the use of advanced marine transpor-
tation tools and services; and helping to improve the
quality of life, environment and regional economy by
working with local communities and other agencies on
coastal brownfields.
NOAA does not offer resources through a consolidated
brownfields program, nor are brownfields managed by
one particular office. Rather, existing agency programs
provide resources and technical assistance to coastal
communities for brownfields cleanup and reuse.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides technical and financial assistance for coastal
resource protection and management — targeted to
coastal (including Great Lakes) state, territorial, and
local governments
• Provides assistance on site assessment and
remediation where coastal resources are impacted
• Coordinates the "Portfields" Initiative — targeted to
pilots in New Bedford, Massachusetts, Tampa, Florida,
and Bellingham, Washington

RESOURCES

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R)
This office protects and restores contaminated coastal
resources and habitats (including brownfields) by as-
sessing and evaluating risks and then implementing cost-
effective environmental cleanup and restoration
solutions.
Uses/Applications:
• Provide training, guidance and decision-making
tools for specific watersheds to assist coastal com-
munities with the assessment, cleanup and restora-
tion of contaminated sites (including brownfields)

http://response, restoration.noaa.gov/index.html
Office of Ocean & Coastal Resource Management
(OCRM)

OCRM implements NOAA's Coastal Zone Management
program partnerships with coastal states, which helps
revitalize community waterfronts and direct resources
useful to helping redevelop brownfields.

Eligibility Requirements: Financial and technical as-
sistance are provided to states.

Limitations: Funding is typically not sufficient for
site redevelopment but serves as seed money for
projects such as feasibility studies, site assessments
and master plan development.

NOAA Coastal Brownfields
http://www.brownfields.noaa.gov/

Office of Ocean & Coastal Resource Management
http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/
NOAA's Coastal Services Center (CSC)

CSC helps develop the expertise of coastal resource pro-
fessionals by giving them the tools to engage communi-
ties in land and water issues, including the redevelopment
of brownfields. Through CSC-led workshops, planners
and managers build valuable skills to help local govern-
ments collaborate with the public and manage conflict.

Eligibility Requirements: Assistance is provided to
state and local coastal resource managers and fed-
eral, non-governmental and nonprofit organizations

Uses/Applications:
• Smart Growth initiatives
• Brownfields information outreach

http://www. esc. noaa.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Portfields

The interagency "Portfields" initiative focuses on the
redevelopment and reuse of idled or abandoned lands in
and around ports, harbors and marine transportation
hubs. NOAA is leading the interagency Portfields effort,
which includes providing focused assistance to three
Portfields pilots in New Bedford, Massachusetts; Tampa,
Florida; and Bellingham, Washington.

Eligibility Requirements: Three pilot ports have
been selected and activities are underway.

Limitations: There are no plans for additional pilot
ports.

Availability: Funding and technical assistance un-
der Portfields will not be available to other ports. In-
stead, the Portfields partners will actively transfer best
practices and lessons learned to other port communi-
ties.

Uses/Applications:
• Assist in leveraging resources to revitalize water-
front areas
• Improve marine transportation
• Protect and restore critical habitat

Portfields
h ftp://www. brownfields.noaa.gov/htmls/portfields/
portfields.html
SNAPSHOT
Glen Cove, New York
Glen Cove is a small city located on the north
shore of Long Island. Parks, public beaches,
nature preserves and private homes span eight
miles of the city's shoreline. The historically
industrialized Glen Cove Creek waterfront was
contaminated. In addition the waterway had not
been dredged in 30 years and suffered from
crumbling bulkheads, and non-point source
pollution. NOAA's Office of Coastal Resource
Management (OCRM) assisted in implementing
the Plan by supporting "Commitment to Action"
meetings that brought together federal, state and
local partners. The workshops provided a
roadmap for redevelopment; identified technical
expertise andfunders. NOAA's Office of
Response and Restoration (ORR) worked with
the city to identify cleanup actions and habitat
restoration.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Kenneth Walker
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Office of Ocean & Coastal Resource Management
13 05 East West Highway, Rm. 10166
Silver Spring, MD 20912
301-713-3113x157
kenneth.walker@noaa.gov

David Hoist
NOAA/Office of Response & Restoration
1305 East West Hwy, Room 10124
Silver Spring MD 20910
301-713-2989x161
david.holst@noaa.gov

Main Site
http://www.noaa.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Department of Interior, through its Rivers, Trails,
and Conservation Assistance Program (Rivers & Trails)
promotes sustainable community-based environmental
conservation and brownfields redevelopment. The Na-
tional Park Service (NPS) does not provide financial as-
sistance, but does provide technical assistance for
efforts such as conservation and community revitaliza-
tion.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides technical assistance for planning, assess-
ment and conservation in urban areas — targeted to
state and local governments and community-based
organizations.
• Assists in acquisition of surplus federal lands — tar-
geted to state and local governments.
• Offers technical assistance for community revitaliza-
tion.
RESOURCES

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Federal Lands to Parks Program
Through the Federal Lands to Parks Program, NPS helps
states and local governments acquire, at no cost, sur-
plus federal lands (including surplus lands from decom-
missioned military bases). NPS assists communities in
gaining title to lands and facilities for public parks and
recreation purposes.
Eligibility Requirements: State or local government
agencies may apply. Successful applications support:
a need for parks or recreation; the capacity to main-
tain the property; and suitability for park and recre-
ational use.
Limitations: Land or buildings obtained through this
program must be open to the public and used exclu-
sively for parks and recreational purposes.
Availability: Federal Lands to Parks staff review no-
tices of available property for park and recreation op-
portunities, and notify relevant state, regional and/or
local park agencies. Notices are often posted on mili-
tary or General Services Administration Web sites. A
state or local government agency interested in prop-
erty for parks or recreational areas should notify the
Federal Lands to Parks Program.
Uses/Applications:
• Expand or provide park and recreational amenities
• Protect open spaces, extend hiking trails and open
boating and fishing access
• Preserve historical and natural resources
• Convert abandoned military bases into recreational
assets

http://www. nps.gov/flp/

Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program
(RTCA)
The Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Program
provides river, trail and greenway planning;
resource assessment; and conservation workshops.
Much of Rivers & Trails assistance is targeted to
urban areas. As such, the program can complement
brownfields redevelopment efforts. There are four
RTCA project areas that support conservation
efforts: urban area projects, trails and greenway
projects, rails-trails projects, and river projects. A
redevelopment project may use any or all of these
project areas at the same time. RTCA has an
agreement with EPA to support the development of
Groundwork USA, a network of local community
corporations organized for environmental
improvement.

Eligibility Requirements: Projects are locally-requested
and led and should include significant public involve-
ment. Projects should also include the commitment, co-
operation and cost-sharing of all partners.

Limitations: The RTCA involvement in these partner-
ships does not exceed two years.

Uses/Applications:
• Assist in the development of conservation partner-
ships
• Provide resource assessment
• Assist in property acquisition

RTCA Web site
http://www. nps.gov/rtca/

Groundworks USA
http://www.groundworkusa.net/
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wendy Ormont, Leader
National Park ServiceFederal Lands to Parks
Program
1849 C Street, N.W. M.S. 2225
Washington, DC 20240
202-354-6915
Wendy _Ormont@nps.gov

Sam Stokes, Chief
National Park Service
Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program
1849 C Street, NW, Org. Code 2220
Washington, D.C. 20240
202-354-6933
Sam_Stokes@nps.gov

Main Site
http://www. nps.gov
SNAPSHOT
Kansas City, Missouri
The Riverfront Heritage Trail is a pedestrian and
bicycle trail system that links residential, office,
commercial, retail, historical and cultural sites
and destinations along the bi-state Kansas City
Urban Riverfront. The area is experiencing
growing demand from developers, businesses
and community organizations for more
environmental assessments on additional
brownfields in the area. Kansas City continues
to conduct assessments of future greenspace
sites along the Riverfront Heritage Trail. The trail
is located near and adjacent to several
brownfields and provides recreational and
transportation amenities, enhancing the
redevelopment potential of these properties. The
city formed a partnership with the National Park
Service who provided funding for developing an
erasable aerial map of the trail. Kansas City is
also exploring the use of engineered wetlands to
manage flooding from a nearby creek and
stormwater impacts on brownfields
developments.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of the Interior—
Office of Surface Mining
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Office of Surface Mining (OSM) is a small bureau
with responsibility, in cooperation with states and In-
dian tribes, for the protection of citizens and the envi-
ronment during coal mining and reclamation. OSM is
organized around two principal requirements: regulating
active coal mining and reclaiming mines abandoned be-
fore 1977. Additionally, OSM operates programs to: elimi-
nate the environmental and economic impacts of acid
mine drainage from abandoned coal mines; encourage
reforestation of reclaimed mine land; develop techniques
that can ensure reclamation of prime farmland soils; and
publicly recognize outstanding reclamation.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides information on pre-regulatory mine site is-
sues and development opportunities — targeted to
local governments, states, tribes, quasi-public devel-
opment organizations, non profits, and other entities
eligible to apply for EPA Brownfields assessment and
cleanup grants.
• Offers grant writing training and assistance through
its Clean Streams Program — targeted to watershed
groups and other entities eligible to apply for grants
to support brownfield redevelopment.
• Supports the assessment, reclamation, and redevel-
opment of abandoned mine lands as brownfields —
targeted to local governments.
RESOURCES

FINANCIALASSISTANCE

Clean Streams Program
This program works to eliminate acid mine drainage from
abandoned coal mines. Since its start in 1994, this pro-
gram has funded 77 projects in 10 states.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
nonprofit organizations, especially small watershed
groups. Applicants must have financial management
and internal controls systems adequate to manage
federal funds.
Limitations: Federal, state, local governments and
colleges/universities are not eligible to receive fund-
ing directly, but are eligible to participate as subcon-
tractors.
Availability: In fiscal year 2005, OSM will make
$6,900,000 available to fund State Reclamation Grants,
$200,000 for the Acid Drainage Technology Initiative
(ADTI) and $ 150,000 for program management, main-
tenance and assistance.

http.VAvww. osmre.gov/acsihome. htm
Watershed Cooperative Agreement Program

The Watershed Cooperative Agreement Program makes
funds available for reclamation projects to clean streams
affected by acid mining drainage.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
nonprofit organizations, especially small local water-
shed organizations.

Availability: Applicants normally receive up to
$100,000 for each reclamation project, primarily for
project construction. Cooperative Agreements have
a two-year performance period

Uses/Applications:
• Project construction
• Administrative costs

TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Program

The program addresses threats to public health, safety
and general welfare through the reclamation of environ-
mental hazards caused by past mining practices. OSM
provides training and support to watershed groups in-
terested in brownfields application and helps them pre-
pare grant applications for brownfields projects in coal
impacted watersheds.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
watershed groups working on properties mined prior
to August 3,1977 and limited sites mined after that.

Limitations: Each state must have an approved Sur-
face Mining Control and Reclamation Act regulatory
(Title V) program and a reclamation (Title IV) program
before it is eligible to receive reclamation grant fund-
ing. Tribes are allowed access to AML funds derived
from reclamation fees if they have an approved recla-
mation program.

http://www. osmre.gov/osmaml.htm
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
OSM/VISTAWatershed Development Team

OSM and the AmeriCorps VISTA (Volunteers in Service
to America) program assists watershed groups in capac-
ity-building to improve communities. The OSM/VISTA
initiative can provide a watershed group with a Mi-time,
college graduate VISTA Volunteer to support brownfields
development and implementation.

Eligibility Requirements: The sponsoring water-
shed organization must demonstrate its capacity for
effective supervision and support of the OSM/VISTA,
adherence to the Core Goals for OSM/VISTAs and
community support.

Limitations: There is a small cost share requirement
for all OSM/VISTAs.

Availability: Complete an application form that docu-
ments the poverty of the watershed, the support of
local agencies and a work plan. The position is for
three years.

Uses/Applications:
• Build capacity in the watershed organization
• Organize the water quality monitoring critical to fu-
ture funding
• Reach out to youth and adults in their community
to create awareness about watershed issues
• Engage in economic revitalization efforts
• Find funding for the revitalization efforts

http://www. osmre.gov/vista/vistahome. htm
Mine-Scarred Lands (MSL) Working Group

In July 2003, the MSL Working Group, which includes
ARC, was established as a component of the Brownfields
Federal Partnership. In order to learn about mine-scarred
lands challenges and how federal, state and local enti-
ties can work together, the MSL Working Group identi-
fied six demonstration projects. State and federal partners
are providing resources and assistance to the communi-
ties to expedite redevelopment and create models that
other mine-scarred lands can adapt in redevelopment.

Eligibility Requirements: Six pilot projects have
been selected and activities are underway.

Limitations: There are no plans for other rounds of
demonstration projects. However, stakeholders inter-
ested in learning about current MSL efforts should
contact OSM.
Availability: Assistance is currently being provided
to the six MSL pilot projects.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

T. Allan Comp,Ph.D.
Watershed Assistance Team
Office of Surface Mining
Department of the Interior - Room 121
Washington, DC 20240
202-208-2836
tcomp@osmre.gov

Main Site
http://www. osmre.gov
SNAPSHOT
Kelly's Creek, West Virginia

Several mine-scarred land communities are
located within the Kelly's Creek watershed of
West Virginia, including the towns of Monarch,
Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Ward, Mammoth,
Glasgow and Riverside. The post World War II
decline of the area's coal industry and related
businesses left the watershed communities with
no economic stability and residents with few
transferable job skills. The Kelly's Creek
Communities Association (KCCA) was formed
by local stakeholders and a partnership with the
Office of Surface Mining. The purpose of the
program is to inventory and prioritize
brownfields in these communities and come up
with a strategic redevelopment plan for the
Kelly's Creek watershed. Kelly's Creek is one of
six nationally recognized projects participating in
the federal Mine-Scarred Lands Initiative, which
develops model communities for mining related
revitalization. This achievement highlights the
benefits of interagency partnerships.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Small Business A dministration
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Small Business Administration (SBA) has offices in
every state that provide financing, training and counsel-
ing for small businesses. To be eligible for assistance,
the SBA requires that a small business be independently
owned and operated, not dominant within its field, and
meet certain size standards and other eligibility require-
ments.

SBA programs do not specifically target brownfields -
SBA policy states that the agency is not to participate in
a project until cleanup and liability relief have been
achieved. SBA programs may be used by small busi-
nesses for projects that affect redevelopment initiatives,
provided that the small business meets SBA criteria for
the particular loan program being pursued and obtains
satisfactory protection from environmental risk through
indemnification agreements or other measures.

SBA programs are available and relevant to small busi-
nesses in brownfields communities, and making SB As
District Offices and other resource partners aware of this
brownfields connection is an important SB A role. To this
end, SBA commits to disseminating brownfields-related
information to its District Offices and to all SBA techni-
cal assistance providers, such as the Small Business
Development Centers, Women's Business Centers, and
Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE), about
Superfund liability exemptions, the benefits of
brownfields reuse, and EPA Brownfields Program grant
availability.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides information and other non-financial techni-
cal assistance for redevelopment efforts — targeted
to small businesses.
• Offers loan guarantees to support small businesses
— targeted to small businesses through lending insti-
tutions and certified development corporations.
• Assists in developing management and marketing skills
— targeted to small businesses.
RESOURCES
FINANCIAL

Section 504 Certified Development Company (CDC)
Program

This program helps small businesses finance acquisi-
tion of land, buildings and machinery, as well as con-
struction, renovation and expansion of existing facilities.
This program would be appropriate to use to acquire a
brownfield after cleanup is complete, or to establish a
business on a site after cleanup. The program is oper-
ated through nearly 300 SBA-licensed CDCs nationwide.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
businesses that are operated for profit and fall within
the size standards set by the SBA. Under the pro-
gram, the business qualifies as small if it does not
have a tangible net worth in excess of $7,000,000 and
does not have an average net income in excess of
$2,500,000 after taxes for the preceding two years.

Limitations: The program cannot be used for work-
ing capital or inventory, consolidating or repaying
debt, or refinancing. Loans cannot be made to busi-
nesses engaged in speculation or investment in rental
real estate.

Availability: The typical Section 504-supported loan
is approximately $300,000.

Uses/Applications:
• Purchase land and improvements including exist-
ing buildings, grading, street improvements, utili-
ties, parking lots and landscaping
• Construction of new facilities, or modernizing, reno-
vating or converting existing facilities
• Purchase of long-term machinery and equipment

http://www.sba.gov/financing/sbaloan/cdc504.html

Section 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program

This program aims to increase the amount of capital avail-
able to small businesses that would not otherwise be
able to obtain financing through the commercial banking
community and non-bank lending institutions. In addi-
tion, SBA has adopted a "Low Doc" (low documenta-
tion) approach to Section 7(a) loan guarantees to
encourage more lenders to handle smaller SBA-backed
loans of less than $150,000. The program features a two-
page application and a rapid response from SBA.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Eligibility Requirements: Businesses that are con-
sidered for financing guarantees must meet SBA re-
quirements. Some types of businesses are ineligible
for financial assistance, which are listed on the
program's Web site.
Limitations: SBA does not fully guaranty 7(a) loans.
The lender and SBA share the risk that a borrower will
not be able to repay the loan in full.
Uses/Applications:
• Purchase land or buildings, to cover new construc-
tion as well as expansion or conversion of existing
facilities
• Acquire equipment, machinery, furniture, fixtures,
supplies or materials
http://www.sba.gov/fmancing/sbaloan/7a.html
TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Office of Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs)
SBDCs provide counseling and training to small busi-
nesses to develop and provide informational tools to
support business start-ups and existing business expan-
sion.

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include ex-
isting SBDC recipient organizations.
Limitations: SBDC applicants are required to pro-
vide at least an equal amount of matching funds from
sources other than the federal government.
Uses/Applications:
• One-on-one counseling
• Assistance in technology transfer, research and
development
• Assistance for small businesses in rural areas
• Assistance for small businesses in exporting by
identifying and developing potential export mar-
kets
• Base closures assistance — assist small businesses
to develop and implement strategic business plans
to timely and effectively respond to the planned
closure or reduction of a Department of Defense
(DOD) facility
• Maintain current information concerning environ-
mental, energy, health, safety and other federal,
state and local regulations
http://www.sba.gov/sbdc/
Online Women's Business Center
The center serves as a resource center for the Office of
Women's Business Ownership, which promotes the
growth of women-owned businesses through programs.
h ftp://www. onlinewbc.gov/
Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE)
SCORE is a nonprofit association dedicated to entrepre-
neurial education and the formation, growth and suc-
cess of small businesses nationwide. SCORE'S extensive,
national network of 10,500 retired and working volun-
teers are experienced entrepreneurs and corporate man-
agers/executives. These volunteers provide free
business counseling and advice as a public service to all
types of businesses, in all stages of development.
http://www. score, org/
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Rachel Newman-Karton
Small Business Administration
409 3rd Street, NW, 6thFloor
Washington, DC 20416
202-619-1816
Rachel.Newman-Karton@sba.gov

Main site
h ftp://www. sba.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
SNAPSHOT
Maiden, Medford, and Everett,
Massachusetts

The cities of Maiden, Medford and Everett are
concentrated in an area five miles north of
Boston, Massachusetts. They are known for the
manufacturing and industrial activities centered
around the Maiden River and abutting railroads.
The three cities have joined together on a project
to construct a state-of-the-art
telecommunications research and development
park, calledTeleComCity. In2001,theU.S. Small
Business Administration executed the release of
a lien on a property to be donated to the Mystic
Valley Development Commission for the
Commercial Street/Corporation Way
reconstruction. The current plan design calls for
an initial phase of 3 31,200 square feet of office
and research and development space and 200
units of housing on a 30 acre site in the Medford
section of the project area.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Transportation —
Federal Highway Administration
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Federal Highway Administration (FH WA) helps fund
the construction, maintenance and improvement of In-
terstate highways and other roads. Typical projects fi-
nanced under the Federal-Aid Highway Program include:
road widening and reconstruction; new construction of
roads, transportation centers, intermodal facilities, and
recreational trails; access improvements; bridge replace-
ment or rehabilitation; and bicycle and pedestrian facili-
ties.

While the program does not specifically target financing
towardbrownfields, cleanup funding is available through
FHWA programs, as long as the cleanup is a necessary
part of an approved transportation project.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides funds to support eligible transportation
projects related to brownfields redevelopment.
• Highway funds can be used for transit projects that
reduce congestion.
• Transportation enhancement projects, including pe-
destrian and bicycle facilities, acquisition of scenic
easements, landscaping and historic preservation.
• Funds transportation projects that reduce air emis-
sions.
RESOURCES

FINANCIAL

Surface Transportation Program
FHWA funds transit projects that reduce congestion and
improve air quality.
Uses/Applications:
• Bridges
• Transit project capital costs
• Carpool projects, parking facilities and bicycle and
pedestrian facilities
• Roads enhancing access to brownfields

Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement
Program (CMAQ)
Through CMAQ, FHWA funds transportation projects
that reduce emissions in EPA's designated air quality
non-attainment and maintenance areas.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include:
state departments of transportation, metropolitan plan-
ning organizations (MPOs) and other elements par-
ticipating in public-private partnerships

Limitations: Funds must be spent in non-attainment
or maintenance areas. Projects must reduce the pol-
lutant for which the area is non-attainment or mainte-
nance.

Availability: Funds must be obligated within four
years of award, which are mostly earmarked.

Uses/Applications:
• Support transit and public transportation programs
specifically through: service or system expansion;
provision of new transit service; and financial in-
centives to use existing transit services
• Freight and intermodal infrastructure
• Traffic flow improvements
• Travel demand management strategies
• Pedestrian and bicycle programs

http://www.fliwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs/

Transportation and Community and System
Preservation Pilot Program (TCSP)

TCSP provides funding that "can be used to examine
transportation strategies that relate to brownfields rede-
velopment, such as planning access to redeveloped
brownfield sites; upgrading existing urban transporta-
tion systems; and connecting local community members
to new brownfield-related jobs."

Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include:
states, regional and local governments, MPOs and
tribal governments.

Limitations: TCSP Program grantees must meet fed-
eral-aid requirements when implementing their grants.

Availability: Fiscal year 2003 was the last year for
funding for the TCSP program as authorized by the
Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA-
21). Continued availability is contingent upon pend-
ing legislation.

Uses/Applications:
• Improve the efficiency of a transportation system
• Reduce environmental impacts of transportation
• Reduce the need for costly future public infrastruc-
ture investments
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
• Ensure efficient access to jobs, services and cen-
ters of trade
• Examine development patterns and identify strate-
gies to encourage private sector development pat-
terns

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tcsp/index.html
Transportation Enhancement (TE) Activities

TE activities offer communities funding opportunities to
expand transportation choices such as: bicycle and pe-
destrian facilities; scenic routes; and other investments
that increase recreation opportunity. Communities may
also use TE funds to contribute toward the revitalization
of local and regional economies by restoring historic
buildings; renovating streetscapes; or providing trans-
portation museums and visitors centers. TE is an ex-
ample of a project that has applicability to brownfields,
even though it is not designated as such.

Uses/Applications:
• Provision of facilities for pedestrians and bicycles
• Acquisition of scenic easements and scenic or his-
toric sites
• Landscaping and other scenic beautification
• Historic preservation
• Rehabilitation and operation of historic transporta-
tion buildings, structures or facilities (including his-
toric railroad facilities and canals)
• Preservation of abandoned railway corridors (in-
cluding the conversion and use thereof for pedes-
trian or bicycle trails)
• Environmental mitigation to address water pollu-
tion due to highway runoff or reduce vehicle caused
wildlife mortality while maintaining habitat connec-
tivity

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/enviromnent/te/index.htm
TECHNICALASSISTANCE

Transportation Planning
FHWA helps MPOs develop long-range transportation
plans that consider changes in future population and
traffic patterns, as well as predict the economic and in-
frastructure changes needed to support these changes.
http://www.fhwa. dot.gov/planning/index.htm
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Constance Hill Galloway
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Natural Environment (HEPN)
400 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20590
804-775-3378
connie.hill@fhwa.dot.gov

Fred Bank
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Natural Environment (HEPN)
400 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-5004
fred.bank@fhwa.dot.gov

Main Site
http://www.fhwa. dot.gov
SNAPSHOT
Evanston, Wyoming
The City of Evanston, Wyoming was originally a
railroad hub. In 1912, the Union Pacific Railroad
began construction on a large yard with a 63,000-
square-foot roundhouse and 11 adjacent
buildings. Since 1972, Union Pacific has donated
more than 290 acres to the city, including a 265-
acre parcel known as Union Center and the
Evanston Rail Facility. Evanston has targeted the
area for conducting environmental assessments,
and is also planning for cleanup and
redevelopment into a museum and industrial
park. The city successfully applied for and
received funding through a partnership with the
Federal Highway Administration for a
Transportation Equity Act (TEA-21) grant to
supplement redevelopment costs. The Union
Pacific Roundhouse and Railyards continue to
make significant progress toward revitalization.
The City of Evanston has contracted with
architects regarding design work on the
buildings. The Machine Shop on the property is
complete and available for rent to the public.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Department of Transportation —
Federal Transit Administration
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Mission

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) provides fi-
nancial and technical assistance to local public transit
agencies. Since most brownfields are located in urban-
ized and industrial areas where transit is usually a viable
transportation option, FTA programs can play a role in
local redevelopment efforts. Connecting the redevelop-
ment site into the regional transit network can expand its
potential uses and improve its marketability. While the
program does not target financing toward brownfields,
funding for cleanup is available through the federal tran-
sit program, as long as the cleanup is a necessary part of
a transit project. FTA will share best practices and offer
technical assistance and training to metropolitan plan-
ning organizations (MPOs), along with states and local
governments.

Brownfields Connections
• Provides grants for transit capital and maintenance
projects — targeted to public transit agencies in
urban and non-urban areas.
• Offers discretionary capital grants for new fixed
guideway transit lines, bus-related facilities and new
buses and rail vehicles — targeted to public transit
agencies, primarily in larger metropolitan areas.
• Funds transportation and land-use planning — tar-
geted to metropolitan planning organizations,
through the states.
• Promotes delivery of safe and effective public and
private transportation in non-urban areas — tar-
geted to non-urban local governments, through the
states.
RESOURCES

FINANCIAL

Urbanized Area Formula Grants
These grants provide federal assistance for transit and
related planning, capital and operating assistance within
urbanized areas with populations of 50,000 people or
more.
Eligibility Requirements: Funds are apportioned by
formula. The designated recipient may apply for all
grants in the urbanized area or distribute the funds to
other eligible recipients.
Limitations: The required matching ratio is 80 per-
cent federal share and 20 percent local share for capi-
tal and planning projects.

Availability: Congress appropriates roughly
$3,600,000,000 annually for this program.

Uses/Applications:
• Bus and rail system replacements
• Maintenance of equipment
• Facility construction
• System modernization and rehabilitation

http://www.fta.dot.gov/library/legal/factspl.htm

Non-Urbanized Area Formula Grants

These grants provide capital and operating assistance
through the states to transit operators in small urban
and rural areas with populations of less than 50,000
people.

Eligibility Requirements: Grants are awarded to
states.

Availability: Congress appropriates approximately
$240,000,000 annually for this program.

http://www.fta. dot.gov/library/legal/factsp3.htm

Discretionary Capital Program

This program provides grants to assist in financing capi-
tal projects that will benefit the country's transit sys-
tems.

Availability: Congress appropriates approximately
$3,400,000,000 annually for this program of which ap-
proximately 40 percent goes to new fixed guideway
projects, 40 percent to modernization of older fixed
guideway s and 20 percent to buses and bus facilities.

Uses/Applications:
• Bus facilities
• Modernization or construction of fixed guideway
systems

Metropolitan Planning Program (Section 5303)

These funds are apportioned to states and local public
bodies on the basis of urban area population to support
various types of planning.

Eligibility Requirements: A transportation project
must be included in the metropolitan transportation
plan. States then allocate assistance to the MPOs.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Availability: Congress appropriates approximately
$60,000,000 annually for metropolitan planning
through the FTA program.

Uses/Applications:
• Studies relating to management, operations, capital
requirements, innovative financing opportunities
and economic feasibility of transit projects
• Evaluation of previously funded projects
• Development of long-range and short-range trans-
portation plans and transportation improvement
programs
• Analyses of social, economic and environmental
factors related to travel and transportation
• Air quality planning and conformity planning
• Public involvement in the transit/transportation
planning process
• Multimodal facilities planning
• Joint development planning
• Computer hardware and software needed to sup-
port planning work
http://www.fta.dot.gov/legal/guidance/circulars/
8000/911 ENG HTML.htm
Statewide Planning Program, Section 5313(b)

This program provides financial assistance to states for
statewide planning. The supported list of eligible plan-
ning activities is nearly identical to that of the Section
5303 program, with the products being a statewide plan
and statewide transportation improvement program
(SUP).
http://www.fta. dot.gov/932_ENG_HTML.htm
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Carol Braegelmann
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration, TPE-30
400 7th Street, SW, Room 9413
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-1701
carol.braegelmann@fta.dot.gov
Ken Johnson
Urbanized Area Formula Grants
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration, TPM-10
400 7th Street, SW, Room 9315
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-2053
ken.j ohnson@fta. dot. gov

Lorna Wilson
Non-Urbanized Area Formula Grants
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Adminstration, TPM-10
400 7th Street, SW, Room 9315
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-0893
lorna.wilson@fta.dot.gov

Cheryl Oliver
Discretionary Capital Program (Section 5309)
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Adminstration, TPM-10
400 7th Street, SW, Room 9315
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-2053
cheryl.oliver@fta.dot.gov

Charles Goodman
Office of Planning and Environment
202-366-1944
Charles.Goodman@fta.dot.gov

Main Site
http://www.fta. dot.gov
SNAPSHOT
Wellston, Missouri
Wellston, Missouri is an aging, industrial
municipality that has experienced tremendous
decline and disinvestment over the past few
decades. In order to spur redevelopment, the city
focused funding on transforming area
brownfields into the Wellston Technology Park
(WTP). The WTP required improvements to
infrastructure to facilitate residential and
commercial development. As part of the
redevelopment, the city was able to leverage
$325,000 from the Federal Transit
Administration's Livable Communities Initiative
for the construction of a nonprofit day care
center. The project's goal is to create
employment and reinvestment opportunities by
redeveloping a 100-acre abandoned industrial
area into a light industrial technology park,
complemented by residential and commercial
redevelopment.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Other Support for Brownfields
Cleanup and Redevelopment
An Overview of Opportunities for State —
Federal Funding Coordination
Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive
New Markets Tax Credits
Low Income Housing Tax Credit
Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives
Community Reinvestment Act
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
An Overview of Opportunities for State —
Federal Funding Coordination
Over the past decade, national trends in brownfields fi-
nancing have focused on partnerships with federal agen-
cies that have targeted resources to meeting various
brownfield needs. The brownfields "marriages" promoted
by EPA were first launched in 1997 as part of Brownfields
National Partnership Action Agenda. These links have
been creative and productive, as outlined in this guide.
However, traditional state development programs can
also be used creatively in the brownfields financing mix.
This section provides examples of creative financing
programs and suggestions for how resources can be
leveraged together to enable site developers to pursue
funding for a range of project components.

When examining the experiences of several communi-
ties, it is clear that successful brownfields revitalization
requires innovative funding partnerships that link to-
gether a number of federal, state and local financing pro-
grams and resources. During the last decade, many
communities have discovered how to take these types
of partnerships to the next level and link state program
resources with federal funding and technical support in
order to realize even greater leveraging opportunities.
Across the country, localities are increasingly turning to
their states for support, recognizing that good coordina-
tion among state and federal agencies (along with the
private sector) is necessary to piece together possibly a
dozen or more program sources that may be needed to
carry out a brownfield project.

The level of brownfields revitalization continues to in-
crease, even in the face of mixed real estate markets.
Governments at all levels can find creative ways to help
enterprises overcome the obstacles that environmental
contamination brings to the economics of the site reuse
process. Federal financing programs, linked to
brownfields projects and coordinated with complemen-
tary state efforts, can do much to help level the eco-
nomic playing field between greenfield and brownfield
sites. Creatively crafted and carefully targeted incen-
tives and assistance can help advance cleanup and re-
use activities. However, such strategies must recognize
that brownfields projects differ considerably in terms of
barriers to investment and opportunities for redevelop-
ment. Therefore, no one "best" public-sector approach
— state, federal or a single combination of programs —
will fit all needs. This is why coordination plays such a
key role; various programs with similar missions and eli-
gibility criteria that ultimately promote community revi-
talization must be stitched together to meet the diverse
needs and common goals of brownfields revitalization.
At the state level, as the brownfields reuse issue has
evolved, a growing number of state officials have begun
to recognize the critical role that financial incentives must
play as a critical piece of the financing puzzle. Certainly,
they are well positioned to promote the federal, state,
local and private-sector cooperation that makes for
brownfields success, because all states have some type
of economic development, environmental, transporta-
tion, infrastructure and other departments that can con-
tribute to these efforts and channel resources and
incentives toward activities that may also include key
brownfields activities such as site assessment, reuse
planning, cleanup and redevelopment

Accordingly, states are putting many different — but
equally effective — approaches in place to meet the di-
verse financing challenges of brownfields reuse. Increas-
ingly, these approaches are being linked to federal and
state development programs to provide the continuum
of financing that is needed to take a brownfields project
through its complete cycle of redevelopment, from site
assessment to cleanup to construction. (For complete
information, see State Brownfields and Voluntary Cleanup
Programs, at www.epa.gov/brownfields). These pro-
grams are varied as described below.

State Tax Incentives—Credits, Abatements and Other
Tax Incentives Being Applied to Brownfields Projects

These programs basically help with a project's cash flow
by allowing revenue to be used for brownfields purposes
rather than for tax payments. This can help site re-users
get the cash together to deal with site preparation costs
that contamination involve. This cashflow cushion from
a tax break can also help a project's financial look in the
eye of a lender. State and federal tax incentives histori-
cally have been used to channel investment capital and
promote economic development in areas that have
needed it — and brownfields targeting is a natural evo-
lution of this type of program tool. Most tax incentives
are targeted to offset cleanup costs or to provide a buffer
against increases in property value that would raise tax
assessments before the site preparation costs are paid
off. About 23 states offer some type of tax incentive,
including:
• Deferral of increased property taxes — Connecticut
and Texas
• Remediation tax credits — Illinois, Ohio and Wiscon-
sin
• Cancellation of back taxes — Wisconsin and Massa-
chusetts
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
• Rebates of sales taxes to offset cleanup costs — New
Jersey
• Tax incentive "menu" to enhance re-user financial flex-
ibility — Missouri
• Environmental insurance tax credit — New York
• Business tax offset — Michigan

Financial Assistance Programs that can be Targeted
Directly to Promote Brownfields Reuse

Capital gaps remain the biggest barrier to brownfields
reuse, and more than half the states have worked to ad-
dress this issue by putting some sort of financing incen-
tives in place — both direct financing tools, such as
loans or grants, or indirect financing assistance such as
tax abatements or credits. These programs meet several
objectives: they are targeted to help finance specific parts
of the project, such as site preparation; they canbe used
to increase the lender's comfort with these projects, by
offering guarantees to limit the risk of potential losses;
or they can ease the borrower's cash flow by plugging
certain capital holes or off setting the extra up-front costs
of site cleanup. Some 22 states offer some sort of tar-
geted brownfields financial assistance, including:
• Indiana's forgivable remediation loans, newly ex-
panded to petroleum sites
• Florida's tax "bonus refund" pegged to job creation
• Florida's low-interest loans for contractor/tax lien pur-
chases
• Massachusetts' and Wisconsin's insurance subsidies
• Michigan's Brownfield Redevelopment Authorities
• Kansas' focus on agricultural-related contaminants
• Illinois' brownfield redevelopment loan program

Direct Financing Efforts

These programs directly match resources to needs, usu-
ally in places where the private sector may fear to tread.
About 14 states are doing this, one way or the other,
including:
• Low interest cleanup loans — Delaware, Indiana and
Wisconsin
• Remediation grant funds — New Jersey and Minne-
sota
• State revolving loan or redevelopment funds — Indi-
ana, Michigan, Wisconsin and Massachusetts
• 'Just in Time" Phase II site assessment program —
Indiana
Efforts that Enhance Financing

More states are promoting initiatives that expedite the
financing process, attract other program resources and
save money in the long run. Some 10 states have some
type of program in place to facilitate financing with mini-
mal cash outlays, using tools like cancellation of delin-
quent taxes for new purchasers as part of an agreement
to clean up contaminated property. State budget crises
have increased the focus on such innovative approaches,
such as:
• Linking site owners to state voluntary cleanup pro-
grams (VCPs) and brownfields programs - which can
bring finality to the cleanup process via liability relief
and facilitate the use of environmental insurance
• Educating site owners about ways in which state VCPs
and brownfields programs can facilitate access to other
financing tools — such as use of the federal
brownfields tax expensing incentive
• Helping site owners initiate institutional or engineer-
ing controls, and introduce innovative technologies
• Providing a climate that provides for better manage-
ment of risk, which can reign in costs

In addition, more creative leveraging is taking place;
states are especially well-positioned to promote
brownfields reuse projects by giving a new twist to their
existing economic development finance programs. As
with federal programs, many state efforts were designed,
and their rules were defined, long before brownfields
concerns surfaced.

Loan Programs

Nearly every state offers economic development loans,
either directly or through development agencies, authori-
ties or corporations, which can provide excellent lever-
age if properly coordinated with and targeted to the
special financing needs of brownfields. These programs
are capitalized from a variety of sources — general ap-
propriations, fee collections or repayments from previ-
ous federal or state project loans.

Illinois offers a Brownfield Redevelopment Loan Pro-
gram that provides low-interest loans to local govern-
ments and private parties for site assessment, remediation
and demolition costs. This is intended to complement
the state's existing grant program that gives cities up to
$120,000 to pay for site assessments and preparation of
cleanup plans. The Mississippi River town of Rock Is-
land has used these programs, in conjunction with fed-
eral transportation funds, to transform a derelict riverfront
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
manufacturing site into a new mixed-use commercial and
residential development, with these programs helping
with site preparation and construction of infrastructure
needed to serve the new uses. Kansas City has tapped
into Missouri state business development programs to
clean and transform the former Kansas City Terminal
Railway yard into unique office space, creating 600 new
jobs.

Loan Guarantees

Many states offer loan guarantees to minimize various
risks that make financial institutions hesitant to lend on
brownfield properties. Small businesses, start-ups and
new technology ventures typically are viewed as espe-
cially risky and often addressed in state programs; envi-
ronmental risks are rarely addressed but could be the
focus of a guarantee effort if better linked to existing
programs. In particular, loan guarantees could help at-
tract private investments at sites which also tap into
federal infrastructure or site improvement programs.

To this end, Florida has added a loan guarantee program
to its brownfields tool box, which provides five years of
guarantees or loan loss reserves for primary lender loans
made in defined brownfields areas for redevelopment
projects.

Tax Credits, Abatements and Other Incentives

These can help a project's cash flow, and many states
have linked their programs to federal program incentives.
In practice, they can help channel investment capital
and promote economic development in areas of need,
and brownfield targeting is a natural evolution of this
type of program tool.

Some states, such as Wisconsin, have been especially
skillful in linking state tax incentives (such as forgive-
ness of back taxes) withfederal tax credits. At the Sherman
Perk project in Milwaukee, forgiveness of nine years of
back taxes attracted a small community developer to the
site — an abandoned but historically significant gas sta-
tion dating back to the 1930s. With site title in hand, the
developer also used federal historic rehabilitation tax
credits and city business development loan funds to
bring the site from ruin to reality. In Colorado, tax credits
have been designed to encourage smaller site cleanups;
a 50 percent tax credit against the first $ 100,000 in cleanup
costs, 30 percent of the second $100,000 and 20 percent
of the next $100,000.
State Enterprise Zones

More than 30 states nationwide currently administer their
own Enterprise Zone programs with tax, training and other
development incentives to spur investment and job cre-
ation in more than 1,400 designated areas. Operating
independent of existing federal financing programs, they
offer good opportunities for linkage.

In New Jersey, a brownfields developer working to cre-
ate a shopping complex in Elizabeth was able to market
the site because of the reduced sales tax (only three
percent) incentive available to state zone commercial op-
erations. Most state programs provide some blend of
fiscal incentives such as tax credits or abatements, or
access to low-cost development capital, and these could
be targeted to brownfield projects.

State Clean Water Revolving Loan Funds

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides
annual funding to each state, to capitalize Clean Water
State Revolving Loan Funds (CWSRLFs). This tool has
considerable potential at brownfields where water qual-
ity is an issue. States can use their clean water RLFs for
low- or no-interest loans of up to 20 years. Specifically,
brownfields cleanup to correct or prevent water quality
problems can be considered eligible if it focuses on abate-
ment of polluted runoff, control of storm water runoff,
correction of ground water contamination or remediation
of petroleum contamination. CWSRLFs can cover the
costs of activities like excavation and disposal of under-
ground storage tanks; capping of wells; excavation, re-
moval, and disposal of contaminated soil or sediments;
or Phase I, II or III assessments. Each state determines
what entities may use its revolving fund resources. EPA
allows communities, municipalities, individuals, citizen
groups and nonprofit organizations to be loan recipi-
ents. Usually, loans are repaid through sources such
developer fees, recreational fees, dedicated portions of
state, country or local government taxes, stormwater
management fees, or wastewater user charges.

To date, only a few states — notably, New York, New
Mexico and Ohio — have encouraged brownfields-re-
lated projects to use these resources, with Ohio recog-
nized as the national leader in this regard. In Cleveland,
the Grant Realty Company used a Clean Water revolving
loan from Cuyahoga County to clean contaminated
ground water and soils at a 20-acre industrial site and
prepare it for commercial use. Repayment is coming from
the income stream from a tank cleaning operation, and a
personal loan guarantee and second mortgage as collat-
eral.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
State Transportation Funding Allocations
More states are encouraging their communities to make
creative use of transportation funds forbrownfields pur-
poses.
As a growing list of examples shows, transportation ac-
tivities can be connected with brownfields projects. For
example, the brownfield site itself may be a transporta-
tion facility (e.g., a road or rail yard) in need of upgrad-
ing, such as in Portland, Oregon where the city has done
this as part of its Macadam District and Union Station
area neighborhood redevelopments. In addition, trans-
portation infrastructure improvements may be needed to
make the site more usable and marketable, typically by
expanding access for vehicles, freight or passengers, as
Buffalo has done with its William Gaiter parkway project
and Old Town, Maine has done with its waterfront rede-
velopment initiative. Finally, and increasingly key, part
of the transportation solution can also part of the envi-
ronmental solution, where roads, parking lots and other
transportation structures can be used as caps to limit
exposure. Towns from Emeryville, California to Bridge-
port, Connecticut have used transportation funding for
these purposes.

Financing Enhancements Linked to State VCPs
VCPs are initiatives that have been put into place to
encourage the voluntary cleanup of contaminated sites.
They are targeted specifically to overcome the barriers
associated with brownfields activity and to better link
together both cleanup and redevelopment activities that
may be needed at a site. VCPs seek to provide predict-
ability and finality to the brownfields process. Voluntary
programs differ from other environmental programs be-
cause they provide a way for owners or developers of a
site to approach the state voluntarily to cooperatively
work out a process by which the site can be cleaned up
appropriately, and made ready for new uses.
Specific state programs vary — because the nature of
contamination and site reuse varies from place to place
—but all VCPs share several common goals. First, VCPs
aim to provide a program that makes it easier and more
predictable to bring contaminated sites back to produc-
tive use. They do this by establishing a recognized and
predictable process for determining how clean is clean
at any given site, and what steps need to be taken to
achieve this. Second, VCPs aim to bring more certainty
to brownfields reuse by offering some level of liability
relief. This appeals to lenders and developers, and gives
them the assurance they need to take on brownfield sites
— and this level of certainty and comfort seems to grow
over time as VCPs take hold and build a track record
level of trust. And third, many VCPs help to expedite the
financing process, by providing seed resources or in-
centives to leverage private investment in brownfields
projects.
Increasingly, VCPs are playing a role in leveraging finan-
cial assistance programs. Some cities, such as Milwau-
kee and Cincinnati, have linked specific redevelopment
projects and local incentives to sites that have completed
the state VCP process. The Federal Brownfield Tax In-
centive is available only to site owners whose property
has been certified as a brownfield by VCPs or similarly
designated state agencies.
In short, many brownfields have the potential to become
economically viable, hosting new business activity and
jobs. Typically, brownfields success stories are found in
places that have adopted their own site characterization
and reuse tools and creatively built on the foundation
provided by federal or state economic development pro-
grams or tax policies. But these are only the first steps;
the potential exists for even greater activity.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive
Program Background

The Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive encourages
brownfields cleanup and redevelopment by allowing tax-
payers to reduce their taxable income by the cost of their
eligible cleanup expenses. Designed to spur investment
in blighted properties and assist in revitalizing commu-
nities, the Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive serves as a
critical tool in brownfields cleanup and redevelopment
efforts.

How the Program Functions

By using the Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive, envi-
ronmental cleanup costs are fully deductible in the year
that they are incurred, rather than the costs being capi-
talized. There are three requirements to qualify:
1. The property must be held by the taxpayer incurring
the eligible cleanup expenses for use in a trade or busi-
ness or for the production of income.
2. Hazardous substances must be present or potentially
present on the property.
3. Taxpayers must obtain a statement from a designated
state agency verifying eligibility for the Tax Incentive,
such as through a voluntary cleanup program.

Properties listed or proposed for listing, on EPA's Na-
tional Priorities List (NPL) are not eligible for the Tax
Incentive.

The cleanup costs that are eligible to be expensed are
extensive. Activities such as construction of access
roads, operations and maintenance and state Voluntary
Cleanup Program (VCP) oversight fees are eligible ex-
penditures as long as they are used in connection with
the abatement or control of a release, or threat of a re-
lease or disposal of a hazardous substance at a property.
Site assessment and investigation activities also qualify,
if incurred in connection with the abatement or control
of hazardous substances at a qualified contaminated site.
Stakeholders interested in using the Tax Incentive on
their properties should consult their state's list of quali-
fied expenditures.

The steps to receiving the Tax Incentive are straightfor-
ward:
• Taxpayer begins cleanup and redevelopment project
planning and considers using the Federal Brownfields
Tax Incentive.
• Taxpayer determines that a hazardous substance is
present or potentially present on the property in ques-
tion.
• Taxpayer submits appropriate documents to the des-
ignated state agency snowing the hazardous sub-
stance is present or potentially present. Interested
parties contact their designated state agency to deter-
mine what documentation is required.
• Designated state agency verifies information and re-
leases a statement to the taxpayer verifying eligibility
for the Tax Incentive.
• Once the statement is issued, the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS) considers it valid for the life of the Tax
Incentive. To claim the deduction, taxpayers write "Sec-
tion 198 Election" on their income tax return next to
the line where the deduction is claimed.
Taxpayer submits documents
showing hazardous substance
is present or potentially present
Designated
State Agency
Agency verifies information
and releases a statement of
eligibility for the Tax Incentive
Property
Owner
(Taxpayer)
With the eligibility statement, taxpayer
is able to expense cleanup costs and
complete the redevelopment project
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
SNAPSHOT
San Francisco Giants SBC Park, San Francisco, California

In December 1995, the San Francisco Giants baseball team announced plans to build the first privately-
financed Major League ballpark in more than 30 years. The China BasinBallpark Co., LLC, identified a 13-acre
former industrial property located at China Basin near downtown San Francisco. The selected property was
part of the larger Rincon Point-South Beach redevelopment project, a 115-acre redevelopment project along
San Francisco's northeastern waterfront.

The China Basin Ballpark Co. leased the land from the Port of San Francisco. Prior to redevelopment, most of
the area around the property was characterized by dilapidated warehouses, open cargo storage yards,
abandoned buildings, crumbling piers and unimproved streets. Former uses of the property included a
waterfront landfill as well as industrial warehouses. The landfill contained waste from a coal gasification plant
and other former waterfront industries.

It is estimated that use of the Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive allowed several million dollars in cleanup
expenses to be returned to the developer, according the Northeast-Midwest Institute. Total construction
costs exceeded $300 million. Some Giants team officials were concerned that the high, privately funded
construction costs would hurt the franchise financially. However, the team has seen annual revenue increase
every year since the 41,000-seat park was completed and opened in April 2000.

Since the opening of SBC Park, the surrounding area has blossomed with restaurants, offices and housing.
Light rail and open space improvements now link the area with other areas of San Francisco, and the ballpark
draws crowds from throughout the Bay Area and beyond.
How the Program is Used

Both large- and small-scale cleanup and redevelopment
projects benefit from the use of the Federal Brownfields
Tax Incentive. Among stakeholders that have used the
Tax Incentive there is consensus that it is beneficial in
expensing cleanup costs and entails a fairly simple appli-
cation and certification process. Stakeholders consider-
ing brownfields cleanup and redevelopment projects
should consider using the Tax Incentive because of its
simplicity and effectiveness.

It is most beneficial to stakeholders to use the Tax Incen-
tive in the early planning stages of the cleanup/redevel-
opment process in order to create consistency in tax and
accounting procedures throughout the life of the project.

Advantages for Brownfields
Stakeholders

The use of the Tax Incentive can provide many advan-
tages such as:
• The Tax Incentive allows taxpayers to deduct cleanup
costs and therefore gain a tax advantage sooner. Pre-
viously, buyers of a contaminated property had to pur-
chase the property at its impaired value and then
capitalize any cleanup costs over several years.
1 The use of the Tax Incentive gives brownfields stake-
holders an added boost in income for the year. This is
beneficial for small business owners because cash flow
is not disrupted, or protracted over years.
1 Small businesses in the environmental cleanup and
consulting sector use the Tax Incentive to complete
successful brownfields cleanup and redevelopment
projects. These projects lead to the businesses ac-
tively seeking out new brownfields redevelopment
opportunities. After realizing the benefits of the Tax
Incentive, stakeholders can expand their business
operations to include brownfields cleanup and rede-
velopment activities.
1 The Tax Incentive can be used to leverage the money
devoted to construction. For example, in a situation
where a taxpayer capped soil contamination with a
parking lot, the service costs related to the soil
remediation and cap construction were deductible.

US EPA Brownfields Tax Incentive Web Site
Visit the U.S. EPABrownfields Tax Incentive Web
site at: http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/
bftaxinc.htm#other
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
The EPA Web site contains background information
and program description, frequently asked
questions, state contacts for the Tax Incentive, case
studies and historical information.

Internal Revenue Service Publication 954: Tax
Incentives for Empowerment Zones and Other
Distressed Communities
Further information is available in IRS Publication
954: Tax Incentives for Empowerment Zones and
Other Distressed Communities at:
http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p954.pdf
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
New Markets Tax Credit
Program Background

The New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) Program is de-
signed to stimulate the economies of low-income com-
munities. The NMTC Program was created through the
Community Renewal Act of 2000. It is administered by
the Community Development Financial Institutions
(CDFI) Fund under the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
Each year, tax credits are allocated for distribution to
certain qualifying entities, known as Community Devel-
opment Entities (CDEs), through the CDFI Fund. The
NMTC is beneficial to brownfields developers.

The NMTC Program provides private-sector investors
(e.g., banks, insurance companies, corporations or indi-
viduals) with federal income tax credits, in return for new
investments in eligible businesses in low-income com-
munities, including brownfields projects. CDEs can in-
clude organizations such as community development
corporations (CDCs), community development financial
institutions, community development venture capital
funds, small business development corporations, com-
munity loan funds, specialized small business invest-
ment companies and others. The purpose of the NMTC
Program is to expand the availability of credit, invest-
ment capital, and financial services in distressed urban
and rural communities. This unique funding mechanism
offers a viable option for brownfields stakeholders.

How the Program Functions

The NMTC Program allows certified CDEs to apply
through a competitive application process to receive an
allocation of New Markets Tax Credits. Once a CDE re-
ceives an allocation of credits, the credits can be offered
to investors in exchange for project financing and stock
or capital interest in the CDE project. The credit provides
a total of 39 percent of the cost of the investment and is
claimed over a seven-year credit allowance period. In
each of the first three years, the investor receives a credit
equal to five percent of the total amount paid for the
stock or capital interest at the time of purchase. For the
final four years, the value of the credit is six percent
annually. Investors may not redeem their investments in
CDEs prior to the conclusion of the seven-year period.

For example, an investor wants to receive tax credits from
a CDE that has received an allocation of New Markets
Tax Credits. This investor (taxpayer) has $ 100,000 to in-
vest in the CDE. The identified CDE is completing a mixed-
use redevelopment project on a brownfields property. In
exchange for the $100,000 investment in the CDE's
project, the taxpayer receives $39,000 worth of tax cred-
its (available over seven years) which will reduce the
amount of income owed by the investor by $39,000. The
investor will also receive stock or an equity interest in
the CDE's redevelopment project.

Although all of a CDE's investments must be made within
a low-income area identified by a CDE, there is signifi-
cant flexibility in the types of projects the CDE can sup-
port. All investments made by a CDE have some potential
for a rate of return. Eligible investments for CDEs in low-
income communities include:
• An investment in a qualified active low-income com-
munity business
• The purchase of a loan or loans made by a CDE to
qualified active low-income community businesses
which allows return via secondary market-type ap-
proach
• Financial counseling and other technical services to
qualified active low-income community businesses
• Loans or investments in real estate projects, including
brownfields cleanup and redevelopment

Before being eligible to receive New Markets Tax Cred-
its, a CDE must become certified. When applying to be-
come certified as a CDE, the CDFI Fund evaluates CDE
applications in four areas: business strategy, capitaliza-
tion strategy, management capacity and community im-
pact. In addition, the CDE must maintain accountability
to residents of low-income communities through repre-
sentation on a governing or advisory board. Community
entities applying to become a CDE may submit CDE Cer-
tification Applications at any time of the year to the CDFI
Fund. The CDE application process is straightforward
and takes little time to complete. Once an organization is
certified, the designation lasts for the life of the organi-
zation. Both nonprofit and for-profit groups may apply
to be certified by the CDFI Fund.

YR1:
YR2:

YR3:
YR4:
YR5:
YR6:
YR7:
TOTAL:

$5,000
$5,000

$5,000
$6,000
$6,000
$6,000
$6,000
$39,000

Each investor can claim
5% or $5,000 annually
from their federal income
tax in years one to three
of the tax credit. In years
four through seven, the
investors can claim 6% or
$6,000 per year. The total
tax credit value to the
investor over seven years
is $39,000 or 39%.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
CDFI Fund
Gives credits to
Give credits to (against Federal Income tax)
Investors
Community
Development
Entity
(CDE)
Get stock or capital interest in
Low-Income
Communities
Invests in or
Lends to CDEs
Which may
Finance
Brownfields
Redevelopment
Projects
Provides
Financial
Counseling and
Related Services
Purchases Loans
from CDEs
Which may Include
Community
Developoment
Loans for
Brownfields
Redevelopment
Projects
Invests in or
Lends to Qualified
Active Lower
Income
Community
Businesses
(QALICBs)
Which may Include
Brownfields
Redevelopment
Projects
SNAPSHOT
CDEs Investing in Brownfields Projects
Several CDEs are exploring investments inbrownfields projects, such as:

• Great Lakes Region Sustainability Funds LLC: This CDE will make loans and take equity positions in
businesses and real estate projects in low-income communities in Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin. These
investments focus on remediating and redeveloping area brownfields. The NMTC allows Great Lakes to
offer new products including tenant loans, financing for brownfields projects, financing for lead abatement
and technical assistance to low-income municipalities and nonprofits.

• Shorebank Enterprise Pacific: In order to assist low-income communities in the Pacific Northwest, this
CDE will subordinate debt and equity to environmentally sensitive commercial properties, industrial
properties, brownfields and community development real estate projects.

• MassDevelopment New Markets LLC: Four real estate development projects that are not only on
brownfields, but are of critical importance to four of the most deeply distressed communities in
Massachusetts, will be financed by this CDE.

• Milwaukee Economic Development Corporation: This group has a goal to provide "gap" financing for
businesses located in distressed areas of the city, including abandoned brownfields properties.

For more information on these and other CDEs, please visit http://www.cdfifund.gov
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
As a certified CDE, the organization can then apply to
receive an allocation of New Markets Tax Credits. The
NMTC Allocation applications are due in the fall with
recipients being announced the following spring.

How the NMTC process functions:
1. An entity applies to the CDFI Fund for certification as
a CDE.
2. Once certified, the CDE engages in a competitive ap-
plication process for the tax credit allocation.
3. If selected, the Fund awards a tax credit allocation to
the CDE. (If not selected, the CDE may apply to an-
other existing CDE that has been selected to receive
Tax Credits. For example, if the ACME Community De-
velopment Corporation does not receive an allocation
of tax credits but Jackson Heights Coalition does,
ACME can apply to Jackson Heights to receive tax
credits. ACME functions as another investor in Jack-
son Heights.)
4. The CDE secures investors through the sale of stock
or issuance of an equity interest in exchange for the
tax credits.
5. The CDE uses the resulting investor equity to make
investments in low-income communities.

How the Program is Used

Parties interested in using the NMTC Program to supple-
ment brownfields project financing have three primary
options.
• The first option for stakeholders is to apply to existing
CDEs to fund their projects. Of the 2004 second round
CDE allocatees, several have identified brownfields
redevelopment as specific goals for their economic
development efforts. Brownfields stakeholders are
encouraged to access the CDFI Web site for the loca-
tion of CDEs in their region.
• The second option is for stakeholders to apply for
CDE certification themselves, apply for an allocation
of tax credits and offer the tax credits to potential in-
vestors. Although this process is more complex than
the first option, it is viable for entities committed to
large scale or long-term brownfields efforts.
• The third option for stakeholders is to apply and be-
come certified as a CDE, then apply to receive equity
financing from other CDEs, which have an allocation
of New Markets Tax Credits. One of the purposes of a
CDE, as defined earlier, can be to invest in projects of
other CDEs. Investment by one CDE in another CDE is
viable when the proceeds are used for a qualified low-
income community investment, including brownfields
redevelopment projects.
Advantages for Brownfields
Stakeholders

Brownfields stakeholders will also find several advan-
tages by using the NMTC Program for financing
brownfields cleanup and redevelopment projects.
• Often, a CDE is willing to structure a more favorable
deal than traditional lending institutions for
brownfields properties.
• CDEs can offer funding for a full range of redevelop-
ment activities, including land acquisition, environ-
mental remediation, demolition, site preparation,
construction, renovation and infrastructure improve-
ments.
• In certain situations CDEs can provide technical as-
sistance for brownfields cleanup. Typically a CDE's
staff is knowledgeable of these items.
• CDEs involved with brownfields cleanup and redevel-
opment projects can "package" funding sources to-
gether, including a wide range of federal and local
financing credits and initiatives such as tax increment
financing and HUD's Community Development Block
Grants. Funding can also be used in conjunction with
EPABrownfields grants.
• A certified CDE that is willing to commit the time and
resources to apply for an allocation of tax credits may
significantly improve its project financing options. An
allocation of tax credits offered to investors can be an
inducement for investors to commit additional funds
for a qualified low-income community investment
project.

Community Development Financial Institutions
(CDFI) Fund
60113th Street, NW, Suite 200 South
Washington, DC 20005
NMTC SupportLine: 202-622-6355
www. cdfifund.gov

The CDFI Fund Web site is a government site that pro-
vides access to CDE application materials and work-
shops, legal review services of NMTC-related documents,
and a map of qualified census tracts and counties under
the NMTC Program. The Web site also provides a list of
certified CDEs, profiles of community revitalization
projects CDEs are targeting, and can guide stakeholders
towards possible brownfields project financing.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Low Income Housing Tax Credit
Program Background

The Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) provides
developers and investors with eligible affordable hous-
ing developments, a dollar-for-dollar reduction in their
federal taxes. The tax credit is paid annually to investors
in a project over a 10-year period.

The LIHTC Program has guidelines set forth by the In-
ternal Revenue Service (IRS) whereby each state receives
an annual allocation of credits. Each state's allocation is
capped. The 2005 cap is $1.85 multiplied by the state's
population, withaminimum of $2,125,000. For example,
the State of Virginia, with a population of approximately
7,400,000 would receive roughly $13,690,000 in Low In-
come Housing Tax Credits (7,400,000 x $1.85). State hous-
ing agencies administer the program by reviewing tax
credit applications submitted by developers and allocat-
ing the credits. As an IRS requirement, projects which
serve the lowest-income tenants and guarantee low-rent
affordability for the longest time period are given prior-
ity. In addition, owners must keep the rental units avail-
able to low-income tenants for at least 30 years after
completion of the project.
How the Program Functions

To obtain the tax reduction, an investor provides capital
or equity that will be used to help in the development of
a low-income housing project. The investor who receives
the tax credit will not necessarily have a role in the devel-
opment or management of the project, unless it is the
developer of the project claiming the tax credits. A tax
credit's value also depends on the type of financing the
project is undertaking. All Low Income Housing Tax Cred-
its are taken per year for a period of 10 years. For projects
without federal financing, the tax credit's value is ap-
proximately nine percent of the development cost, ex-
cluding land. For projects with federal financing, the tax
credit value is four percent of the development cost.
This can be an important factor to consider when re-
searching overall project financing.

The tax credit is available for units rented to low-income
occupants. This means that a project must have:
• At least 20 percent of its units rented to households
with incomes of 50 percent or less than the area me-
dian income; or
Lender
Syndicator
(General partner of
investment partnerships)
loney 1 i 4) Tax benefits
quity) 1 (tax credits &
w deductions)

Tax benefits
(tax credits &
deductions)

Money
(equity)
nvesiors
(Corporations)

Investors
(Individual)

2) Housing project proposal submission
3) Tax benefits (tax credits)
Developer
(general partner of project)
Legend
Money (equity)
Tax benefits (tax credits/deductions) —
Housing project proposal submission •
State
Housing
Agency
1) Tax benefits
(tax credits)
Internal
Revenue
Service
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
SNAPSHOT
Circle F Factory, Trenton, New Jersey
In 1990, the Circle F factory in Trenton, NJ closed. This 1.75-acre site was home to a former watch
manufacturing and electrical components plant. By working with the property owner, the city reached a
decision that divided the property in half. The two properties were developed separately; one portion was
designated for light industrial development while the other was specified for senior housing.
The city selected Lutheran Social Ministries (LSM) to develop the senior housing portion of the property.
LSM is an experienced nonprofit developer of housing properties. In June 1995, LSM applied for and received
an allocation of federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credits. Today, the property is home to a swimming pool
cover manufacturing plant and 75 senior housing units. In addition to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credits,
the project used an EPA Brownfields Pilot, an EPA Showcase Community Pilot, the City of Trenton's
Neighborhood Preservation Area program and private funding.
• At least 40 percent of its units rented to households
with incomes of 60 percent or less than the area me-
dian income.
Although the developer may claim the tax credit directly,
the most common procedure for investors to receive
these credits is through a syndication process. A syndi-
cator acts as a broker between the developer and inves-
tors in the project. Syndicators may pool several projects'
tax credits into one LIHTC equity fund and offer the
credits to investors by buying a piece of the equity fund.
This process spreads the risk to investors across vari-
ous projects. In addition, the investors typically become
limited partners in the housing project and have an own-
ership interest. The developer typically receives a de-
velopment and property management fee plus a share in
any cash flows profits and any gain or profits when the
property is sold. By using the investor's equity, the de-
veloper is able to complete the project with less debt-
service financing; thus the rents for the building can be
reduced and serve lower-income individuals.
For example, a developer is looking for investors for an
apartment project that is expected to cost $10 million,
including a $5 million cost for qualified low-income apart-
ments. The Low Income Housing Tax Credits can help
finance only the $5 million portion of the project. The
developer is using no other federal financing for the
project so the maximum nine percent credit is offered to
investors. By buying the tax credits at a discounted value
(to reflect the 10 years the investors must wait to use
them completely), the investors will be able to claim nine
percent of $5 million or $450,000 eachyearovera 10-year
period. This will total $4.5 million over a 10-year period
which translates to a substantial amount for investors to
reduce their taxable income. By marketing this tax ad-
vantage to investors, the developer can receive the dis-
counted value of the tax credits as a current cash infusion
in the project.

How the Program is Used

Brownfields stakeholders can use the Low Income Hous-
ing Tax Credits to assist with financing for low-income
housing projects. While the tax credits program can be
used for either the construction of new buildings or the
rehabilitation of existing buildings, this can include sev-
eral different project types.
• The rehabilitation of existing buildings can include
the conversion of buildings located on contaminated
properties such as former warehouses or factories.
• The program can be especially advantageous for non-
profit groups, such as Community Development Cor-
porations, because each state must set aside at least
10 percent of its credit allocation for projects devel-
oped by nonprofits. The nonprofit can sell the credits
to investors or syndicators and become the principal
partner in the project. The tax related value of these
tax credits would be of little use to nonprofits since
they are already exempt from paying taxes.
• State allocation plans may vary in their treatment of
projects sponsored by local housing authorities
(LHAs). Some states may award bonus points to such
projects; others require that LHAs work with nonprofit
organizations to be eligible to apply for tax credits.
Stakeholders interested in information about specific
policies which promote geographic targeting or en-
courage rural or distressed urban neighborhood
projects should contact their state housing authori-
ties.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Advantages for Brownfields
Stakeholders

There are several advantage to brownfields stakehold-
ers ranging from cost savings to opportunities to lever-
age this program with others. Specific advantages
include:
• An opportunity to restore buildings, some of which
may have an historical significance to provide afford-
able housing; often these idle brownfields properties
are located in distressed neighborhoods that may ben-
efit from low-income housing options.
• The tax credits offer a strong incentive for investors
to consider financing a low-income housing project
on a brownfields property. This may be especially true
if a syndicator is able to pool the tax credits from sev-
eral projects together and create an LIHTC equity fund
because it would further reduce the liability risk for
the investor.
• These tax credits can be combined with the Federal
Historic Preservation Tax Incentives relatively easily
if an identified property for low-income housing de-
velopment is located in a historical building.

There is no real "home" Web site to find information
about the LIHTC. There is information on the HUD User
Web site which contains an extensive database for in-
formation on over 20,000 projects that have used the
LIHTC.

HUD User
P.O. Box 23268
Washington, DC 20026-3268
Toll Free: 1-800-245-2691
http://www.huduser.org/datasets/lihtc.htmffiabout

National Low Income Housing Coalition (NLIHC)
727 15th Street NW, 6th Floor
Washington, DC 20005
202-662-1530
www.nlihc.org
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives
Program Background

The Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives pro-
gram was created to help preserve historic buildings from
demolition and to encourage reuse of old structures. This
program is managed by both the National Park Service
(NPS) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). There are
two basic incentives; one for the restoration of historic
properties and one for non-historic properties.

The Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives are
available for buildings that are National Historic Land-
marks, listed in the National Register or contribute to
National Register Historic Districts. The Incentives are
also available for the rehabilitation of older buildings
built before 1936 that do not have a historic status asso-
ciated with them. All restored buildings and properties
must be income-producing and rehabilitated according
to standards set by the Secretary of the Interior. A sub-
stantial number of these buildings may be located in
distressed urban areas. These tax incentives offer a
unique opportunity for assistance with the cleanup and
rehabilitation of historical properties.

How the Program Functions

The Preservation Tax Incentives reward private invest-
ment through rehabilitating historic properties such as
offices, retail stores, warehouses, factories and rental
housing. The current tax incentives offered by this pro-
gram are two different tax credits, which directly reduce
the amount of tax owed by a property owner. These two
tax credits are mutually exclusive and their use depends
on the type of building.
• A 20 percent tax credit for the certified rehabilitation of
certified historic structures.
• A 10 percent tax credit for the rehabilitation of non-
historic, non-residential buildings built before 1936.

The 20 Percent Tax Credit

The 20 percent tax credit is available for historic proper-
ties rehabilitated for commercial, industrial, agricultural
or rental residential purposes, but not for properties used
exclusively as an owner's private residence. A certified
rehabilitation is a rehabilitation of a certified historic struc-
ture that is approved by the NPS as being consistent
with the historic character of the property. The NPS must
approve all rehabilitation projects seeking to use the 20
percent tax credit. A certified historic structure can be
defined as a building that is listed individually on the
National Register of Historic Places or a building that is
located in a registered historic district and certified by
the NPS as contributing to the historic significance of
that district. Owners seeking to claim the 20 percent tax
credit must undergo a detailed application and certifica-
tion throughout the rehabilitation work process. Only
projects which meet the Standards for Rehabilitation as
set forth by the NPS may claim the 20 percent tax credit.
Generally, the tax credit is claimed for the year the reha-
bilitated building is placed back in service. The owner of
the building must hold it for five years after completing
rehabilitation or risk recapture of the tax credit. In addi-
tion, a rehabilitation project must meet several criteria
set up by the IRS, including:
• The building must be depreciable.
• The rehabilitation must be substantial (i.e. expendi-
tures must be greater than $5,000).
• The property must be returned to use.
• The building must be a certified historic structure when
it is placed in service.
The taxpayer uses the three following entities for claiming the tax credits:
Project Owner (Taxpayer)
Supporting Roles for Utilizing the Tax Credits
State Historic Preservation
Officer (SHPO)
• Serves as point of contact for
property owners
• Provides applications, forms
and other program information
• Provides technical assistance
• Makes certification
recommendations to NPS
National Park Service (NPS)
• Reviews all applications for
conformance
• Issues all certification decisions
• Submits copies of decisions to IRS
• Develops and publishes program
regulations
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
• Publishes regulations about which
rehabilitation expenses qualify
• Answers public inquiries concerning
legal and fiancial aspects of the
program
• Insures that only parties eligible for
the tax credits utilize them
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
The 10 Percent Tax Credit

The 10 percent tax credit is available for the rehabilita-
tion of non-historic buildings built before 1936. This
credit applies only to non-residential use properties.
Former factories or manufacturing centers located on a
contaminated property — characteristics common to
many brownfields sites — would easily qualify for this
tax credit. Projects which plan on utilizing this tax credit
must meet several physical structure tests, including:
• At least 50 percent of the building's external walls which
exist at the time the rehabilitation begins must remain
in place as external walls.
• At least 75 percent of the building's existing external
walls must remain in place as either external or internal
walls.
• At least 75 percent of the buildings internal structural
framework must remain in place.

How the Program is Used

These Tax Incentives can be especially attractive for
cleanup and restoration of either historic or pre-1936
properties. The types of projects that can be included in
these categories are extensive, including schools, facto-
ries and warehouses. Many of these properties may also
be located in federal (i.e. Renewal Communities/Empow-
erment Zones/Enterprise Communities) or locally desig-
nated zones which offer further incentives for brownfields
cleanup and redevelopment projects.
Advantages for Brownfields
Stakeholders

The developer of a brownfields property can choose to
sell tax credits in exchange for a cash investment in the
project. This can translate into more project funding if a
developer would rather have a larger cash flow for
cleanup and/or redevelopment efforts than the tax cred-
its.

Stakeholders interested in using this tax incentive should
be aware of the opportunities to combine it with other
tax initiatives and thereby increasing potential project
savings. The tax credits can also be used in conjunction
with other tax incentives such as:
• The Internal Revenue Code and the Department of
Treasury provide for income and estate tax deduc-
tions for charitable contributions of interests in his-
toric property. This was set forth in the Tax Reform
Act of 1986. Owners of contaminated properties may
be willing to consider property interest donations with
this tax provision and take the tax deduction.
• The Low Income Housing Tax Credit which provides
either a nine percent or four percent tax credit per year
for 10 years, depending on whether projects received
certain federal assistance such as tax exempt bonds or
below-market federal loans. If the maximum amount of
each credit were obtained and utilized, the credits
would have a combined value of 29 percent. For ex-
ample, if a project has converted an historic school
into condos, the housing project would be completed
SNAPSHOT
American Can Factory, New Orleans, Louisiana
The American Can Factory in New Orleans, Louisiana was converted into a housing complex containing both
high-end and affordable units. The American Can Factory originally consisted of six buildings. After the
factory closed, the New Orleans Historic District and Landmark Commission and the City Council designated
it as an historic site in 1984. It was subsequently placed on the National Historic Register. Historic
Preservation, Inc. purchased the property and proceeded with rehabilitation efforts. In total, the property
required $1.7 million in demolition costs and is a $43 million project overall. The developer, who received the
Federal Historic Preservation Tax Credits, was able to sell them to the Kimberly Clark Corporation in exchange
for a cash investment in the project of $8,500,000.

Use of the federal historic tax credits at the American Can Factory required that the project strictly maintain
the historic look and feel of the building. Redevelopment plans included efforts to retain a large portion of the
historic aspects of the property. The apartments retained existing signs, factory markings, giant metal doors,
weights, huge windows and massive beams. The developer also worked with numerous local, state and
federal partners to take advantage of funding opportunities. Several other federal and state incentives were
used for this project, including the Community Development Block Grants and Brownfields Economic
Development Initiative programs administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. This
project utilized the 20 percent tax credit which produced an estimated $7,000,000 infederal tax credits.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
in an historic structure and therefore eligible for the 20
percent credit. If the condos being developed have a
low-income housing portion, they would be eligible
for the nine percent low income tax credit (assuming
no other federal financing was used.) The investor
who has the tax credits would be able to use the 20
percent once the building was placed back in service.
The nine percent tax credit is available to the investor
per year, for 10 years. The American Can Factory in
New Orleans are examples of projects which success-
fully combined these two tax credits.

National Park Service
Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives,
Heritage Preservation Services
1201 Eye St. NW
Washington, DC 20005
202-354-2031
http://www. cr. nps.gov/hps/tps/tax/

The National Park Service (a division of the Department
of the Interior) Web site is a government run site that
provides access to detailed tax incentive information,
regulations, applications and rehabilitation standards.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)
Program Background

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is not a spe-
cific program for brownfields projects in the sense that
brownfields stakeholders can apply to take advantage
of it. It is a set of policies that banks adhere to that can
benefit brownfields redevelopment. Below is a brief de-
scription of the program and how it relates to brownfields
redevelopment projects.

In 1977, Congress enacted the CRA to encourage feder-
ally-insured lending institutions to meet the credit needs
of their communities, including low- and moderate-in-
come neighborhoods. The CRA applies to federally in-
sured depository institutions, national banks, savings
associations and state-chartered commercial and sav-
ings banks. The federal agencies implementing the CRA
regulations are the Office of the Comptroller of the Cur-
rency (OCC), the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the
Federal Reserve Board (FRB).

In 1995, the OCC released revised CRA regulations in-
cluding new guidance for federal agencies to evaluate
financial institutions' records of serving their communi-
ties that focused on objective, performance-based as-
sessment standards to minimize compliance burdens. The
extent of the CRA evaluation is determined by the
institution's size and business strategy.

In 1999, the Financial Services Modernization Act fur-
ther revised CRA regulations, wherein lending institu-
tions must have satisfactory CRA ratings before the
institution, or its holding company, affiliates or subsid-
iaries, can engage in any expanded financial activities.
The revisions changed the frequency of the exam cycle
for regulated financial institutions with assets of
$250 million or less. The revisions also established the
"sunshine" provision which requires public disclosure
of agreements entered into by depository institutions
and community organizations in fulfillment of CRA obli-
gations.
How the Program Functions

Under the CRA, regulated financial institutions have
continuing obligations to help meet the credit needs of
the communities in which they are chartered. The CRA
provides evaluation guidelines for the federal agencies
to assess a lending institution's record of meeting the
creditneeds of its community. Under the guidelines, lend-
ing institutions receive one of four CRA ratings: out-
standing, satisfactory, needs to improve or substantial
noncompliance. A rating of outstanding or satisfactory
means that the lender has met its obligation to satisfy
the credit needs of communities. A rating of needs to
improve or substantial noncompliance reflects a failure
on the part of the lending institution to meet the commu-
nities' credit needs. Poor CRA ratings do not result in
immediate sanctions but can interfere with an institution's
plans for service changes or merging with other finan-
cial institutions.
• Large lending institutions with assets greater than
$250 million are evaluated approximately every two
years using a lending, an investment and a service
test.
• Small lending institutions with assets less than $250
million are evaluated using a streamlined test adminis-
tered at variable intervals depending on current CRA
ratings. The streamlined test does not include an in-
vestment or service test and is administered every four
years for institutions with a satisfactory CRA rating
and every five years for institutions with an outstand-
ing CRA rating. The streamlined test focuses on lend-
ing performance with five criteria: loan to deposit ratio,
majority of loans in assessment area, distribution of
loans to borrowers, distribution of loans by geogra-
phy and responsiveness to public comments.
• Wholesale institutions are those that do not provide
home mortgage, small business or consumer loans to
retail customers. Limited purpose institutions offer
narrow product lines such as credit card or motor ve-
hicle loans. Both of these types of institutions are
evaluated based on community development lending,
investments and services.

All institutions can submit a strategic plan for regula-
tory review as a substitute for the CRA evaluation. The
strategic plan should outline a multi-year program of up
to five years for satisfying a community's credit needs
and must include a high level of public participation.
The strategic plan should satisfy the credit needs of a
bank's assessment area and address the lending, invest-
ment and service criteria that are a part of the usual evalu-
ation. Federal regulators must approve the strategic plan
with at least a satisfactory rating in order for the bank to
forego the CRA evaluation process.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
How the Program is Used

In 1997, EPA announced its original Brownfields Action
Agenda in response to the widespread economic devel-
opment obstacles posed by urban brownfields. The
Agenda encouraged a cooperative approach among fed-
eral partners, lenders and prospective purchasers to ease
fears of financial liability and regulatory burdens. The
primary underlying concerns among financial institutions
were lender liability and confusion about levels of con-
tamination and the necessary cleanup (i.e. the difference
between Superfund properties and brownfield proper-
ties.) Through this federal agreement, EPA has coordi-
nated with the OCC to create incentives within the CRA
regulations for economic revitalization and development.
CRA regulations allow banks to meet their CRA obliga-
tions by making loans for the cleanup or redevelopment
of brownfields as part of their community revitalization
efforts.

Advantages for Brownfields
Stakeholders

Lenders subject to the CRA can claim credits for loans
made to help finance the environmental cleanup or rede-
velopment of an industrial property when it is part of an
effort to revitalize properties in low- and moderate-in-
come communities. This can be advantageous for
brownfields projects. For example, if a new low-income
housing development is constructed instead of a com-
mercial development project, it may not generate as much
income in the community, but the housing may be more
beneficial for increasing the quality of life of the citizens.
A lender will take this aspect into consideration when
making a loan and can fulfill CRA obligations for the
bank at the same time.

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Compliance Division
250 E Street, SW - Mail Stop 6-7
Washington, DC 20219
Telephone: 202-874-4428
http://www. occ. treas.gov/crainfo. htm
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Additional Resources
Brownfields Federal Support Case Studies —
Denver, Colorado and Eastward Ho!, Florida
A Resource Guide to Grant Writing
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Brownfields Federal Support Case Studies —
Denver, Colorado and Eastward Ho!, Florida
Denver, Colorado

Denver, Colorado has enjoyed a stable and established
economy for many years. The traditional western enter-
prises of ranching, livestock husbandry and
meatpacking gave way to more diverse sources of in-
come and tax generation after World War II. Energy pro-
duction, tourism and technology firms, along with an
investment in the city itself, helped establish Denver as
one of the most livable cities in the western United States.
Today, the city is referred to as the High-Tech Cow Town
because of its traditional western roots and new tech-
nology-sector businesses.

Denver was selected as a Showcase Communities. These
communities demonstrate the benefits of collaborative
activity on federal, state and local levels forbrownfields.
Within Denver, the neighborhoods of Globeville, Elyria/
Swansea and Northeast Parkhill were targeted due to a
high number of brownfields. These neighborhoods are
heavily impacted by industrial uses and have not ben-
efited from Denver's growing economy. More than one-
third of the 3,979 acres in these neighborhoods is zoned
for industrial use.

In 2005, Parkhill Community, Inc., a local nonprofit was
selected to receive a $200,000 EPA Brownfields Cleanup
grant. Parkhill Community, Inc. is targeting the run-down
Dahlia Shopping Center and adjacent residential proper-
ties in the Northeast Parkhill neighborhood. In April 2005,
the property was purchased by Parkhill Community, Inc.,
who will direct and oversee the cleanup and demolition
of the shopping center under a contract with Denver
Urban Renewal Authority (DURA). In addition, the City
of Denver has allocated $3.5 million to DURA for the
property's initial cleanup and demolition in preparation
for a sale to potential developers. Cleanup of the Dahlia
Square Shopping Center site will allow the community to
proceed with its plans to sell the property for redevelop-
ment into a mix of attached residential units, senior hous-
ing, and commercial and civic facilities. This revitalization
is expected to provide jobs and market-rate housing to a
growing area of the city.

To date, many federal agencies are involved in the ef-
forts to remediate and redevelop brownfields properties
in the City of Denver. The federal partners involved in-
clude:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPA has awarded over $3 million to further brownfields
redevelopment strategies in Denver and the surround-
ing communities, including the following grants and pi-
lots:
• A 1997 $3 50,000 Brownfields Cleanup and Revolving
Loan Fund awarded to Commerce City and north metro
Denver area to clean up, redevelop and reuse the area's
brownfields.
• A1997 Brownfields Assessment Demonstration Pilot
and 2000 Supplemental Assistance Pilot for a total of
$350,000 awarded to Englewood to address many of
the Denver area's heavy manufacturing industrial chal-
lenges.
• A1997 $175,000 Brownfields Assessment Demonstra-
tion Pilot for the Sand Creek Corridor; a 20-square mile
area located in Northeast Denver which is heavily im-
pacted by industry.
• A1999 $ 1.7 million Brownfields Cleanup RLF awarded
to the Colorado Department of Public Health and the
Environment for the Coalition of Cities of Englewood,
Lakewood, Loveland and Denver.
• A 1998 and 2005 Brownfields grants totally $600,000
awarded to Lakewood, a city on the western edge of
Denver, where the decline of the DL&G rail lines left a
legacy of deteriorating industrial and commercial dis-
tricts on the once prominent mile-wide transit corridor.

In addition, the City of Denver has received grant fund
to assess and cleanup these sites from the Underground
Storage Tank (UST) program, USTfields. To date, over
$30 million has been raised to pay for the project's cleanup
and redevelopment costs, including support from:

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment provided $40 million in grants and loan guarantees
for Denver brownfields projects, including Economic
Development Initiative, Section 108 loans and Commu-
nity Development Block Grant Funds.

U.S. Department of Commerce-Economic Development
Administration

The Economic Development Administration provided a
number of inner-city redevelopment grants, including
one for $800,000 for the Northside Treatment Plant project.

U.S. Department of Energy

The U.S. Department of Energy helped Denver research
the concept of eco-industrial parks and sustainable de-
velopment for the Northside Treatment Plant.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers worked with Denver
to revitalize the South Platte River Corridor. The project
has identified 16 potential brownfields sites along the
South Platte River for potential remediation and devel-
opment.

U.S. Department of Defense: Army National Guard

The National Guard contributed federal funds towards
the construction of an armory on the Northside Treat-
ment Plant property.

Eastward Ho!, Florida

The counties of Miami-Bade, Broward, West Palm Beach,
Martin and St. Lucie are all part of the southeast Florida
region. These counties have experienced large popula-
tion growth in the past two decades and serve as a gate-
way for North, Central and South America and the
Caribbean. In addition, this region of Florida is known
for its subtropical and natural environment, being a ma-
jor tourist destination and its multicultural community.

The Eastward Ho! Initiative was established in 1995 to
direct future growth to the region's urban core and away
from the threatened Everglades ecosystem to the west.
Eastward Ho! was designated as a Brownfields Show-
case Community in 1998. The Eastward Ho! Brownfields
Partnership is comprised of local, state, regional and fed-
eral government agencies, as well as public, private and
nonprofit community organizations in southeast Florida.

The Eastward Ho! corridor spans approximately 115 miles
along the eastern portions of Palm Beach, Broward and
Miami-Bade counties and has a combined population of
more than two million. While the entire corridor is not
characterized by poverty, it does contain communities
that are severely distressed. Three state-designated En-
terprise Zones fall within the corridor and much of the
Miami-Bade County portion of the corridor is located
within a federally designated Enterprise Community. The
corridor, which developed between and around the CSX
and Florida West Coast Railroads, contains more than
2,100 known contaminated sites, varying widely in size,
degree and type of contamination.

By focusing on efforts to preserve the Everglades and
other natural resources through infill development, ur-
ban revitalization and economic development,
brownfields cleanup and redevelopment projects are the
center of the Eastward Ho! Initiative.
The Eastward Ho! Brownfields Partnership has a com-
mitment of achieving the following goals:
• Promoting environmental justice
• Coordinating existing statutes, programs and other
efforts related to brownfields
• Establishing processes to achieve timely, productive
and sustainable reuse of brownfields properties as they
are identified
• Approaching brownfields in the context of broader
regional economic development, neighborhood devel-
opment, environmental protection and urban revital-
ization objectives
• Implementing participatory solutions involving resi-
dents and neighbors of contaminated sites

To date, the partnership has held several successful re-
gional conferences which target private investment, in-
tergovernmental partnerships and community outreach
techniques and methods. In addition, according to EPA
data, environmental assessment activities have started
on over 260 properties and over $ 190 million dollars have
been leveraged for redevelopment or construction ac-
tivities. Currently, activities are focusing on helping com-
munities structure deals to redevelop brownfields,
increasing private sector involvement in brownfields re-
development activities and fostering partnerships.

Federal partners and their varied contributions have been
a cornerstone of the Eastward Ho! Initiative. The Fed-
eral Partners involved in the project include:

U.S. Department of Agriculture: U.S. Forest Service

The U.S. Forest Service provided technical assistance
through the Natural Resources Conservation Service to
the South Florida Community - Urban Resources Part-
nership.

U.S. Department of Commerce: Economic Development
Administration

The Economic Bevelopment Administration allocated a
Local Technical Assistance Planning Grant of $30,000 to
develop a Southeast Florida Brownfields Resource Bi-
rectory. In addition, $24,000 was provided to develop a
framework for the brownfields toolbox/information guide.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) provided
technical assistance on how to obtain assistance, con-
tracting and assessments from USAGE offices in Jack-
sonville.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
awarded a Brownfields Minority Worker Training Pro-
gram grant of approximately $200,000 to Clark Atlanta
University to target two counties in the Eastward Ho!
project area. In total, over 40 students graduated from
the course.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Through Miami-Bade County's Enterprise Zone desig-
nation, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban De-
velopment (HUD) provided $3 million in funding and
$130 million in tax-exempt bond authority over 10 years.
In addition, HUD provided technical assistance prima-
rily in the areas of brownfields, affordable housing and
economic development.
Additional HUD funds were received by Miami-Dade
County through a Brownfields Economic Development
Initiative (BEDI) grant of $ 1.75 million (with a $5 million
Section 108 guaranteed loan) and an Economic Develop-
ment Initiative (EDI) grant of $2 million (with a $40 mil-
lion Section 108 guaranteed loan).
HUD's Hispanic-Serving Institutions Assisting Commu-
nities Program contributed $400,000 to the Hemispheric
Center for Environmental Technology at Florida Interna-
tional University to assist the city of Opa-Locka to rede-
velop a contaminated vacant lot into a community
gymnasium. Opa-Locka will provide $400,000 in match-
ing funds. Miami-Dade County has established a revolv-
ing loan fund of $300,000 from recaptured Community
Development Block Grant funds to assist with
brownfields assessments that will lead to redevelopment
activities.

U.S. Department of Justice: Executive Office of Weed
and Seed
The Executive Office of Weed and Seed established two
Weed and Seed target areas: one in Miami/Miami-Dade
County and one in Fort Lauderdale.

U.S. Department of Transportation
The U.S. Department of Transportation provided techni-
cal assistance to the Broward County and Palm Beach
County Metropolitan Planning Organizations.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has pro-
vided over $2 million to further brownfields redevelop-
ment strategies in the Eastward Ho! communities,
including the following grants and agreements:
• Awarded the Southeast Florida/Eastward Ho!
Brownfields Partnership with a Brownfields Showcase
Community Pilot grant of $200,000 and an additional
$200,000 for a two-year federal employee assignment
to work in the offices of the South Florida Regional
Planning Commission.
• A $200,000 Brownfields Job Training and Develop-
ment Demonstration Pilot grant to Miami-Dade Com-
munity College and general technical assistance on
browrifields-related issues in the EPA South Florida
Office.
• Miami-Dade County Brownfields Assessment and
Demonstration Pilot grant of $200,000 (including
$65,000 in supplemental funding and a $50,000 Tar-
geted Brownfields Site Assessment Project).
• An interagency agreement with USAGE and $76,000
in funding to perform brownfields-related activities in
Miami-Dade County.
• A Brownfields Assessment and Demonstration Pilot
grant of $ 100,000 awarded to the City of Miami with
supplemental funding of $ 13 5,000.
• A 2001 EPA RLF Pilot grant of $500,000 to the South
Florida Regional Planning Council.
• Targeted Brownfields Site Assessment Project fund-
ing of $50,000 awarded to North Miami Beach.
• Technical assistance through EPA Region 4 with the
Miami River Parcel Inventory and Assessment Proj ect.
• A Brownfields Assessment and Demonstration Pilot
grant of $200,000 awarded to Fort Lauderdale.
• A Brownfields Assessment and Demonstration Pilot
grant of $250,000 awarded to Opa-Locka (including an
additional $50,000 through a Targeted Brownfields Site
Assessment Project to fund projects at up to seven
sites).
• An interagency agreement with US ACE and $200,000
in funding to perform brownfields-related activities with
the Seminole Tribe of Florida.
• A 2005 Brownfields Cleanup grant of $200,000 awarded
to the City of Homestead.

U.S. General ServicesAdministration
The U.S. General Services Administration provided tech-
nical assistance on how to use surplus federal property.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
A Resource Guide to Grant Writing
Steps to Successful Grant Writing

1. Identify the Project

Break it into smaller projects, distinct steps. Be able to describe the proposed project in a series of steps / bullets with
a feasible time frame to achieving your goals.

2. Engage Appropriate Stakeholders

Members of local government, private sector partners, community groups. Identify how the project will impact them —
seek their support through letters, in kind resources and engagement on the project.

3. Create a Project Team

Create a project team to assemble the grant. This includes a person to write the grant, a person with technical expertise
about the proposed project and appropriate leaders who will be able to sell the project as well as give the final sign off.

4. Brainstorm about Possible Funders

How do the components of the project (e.g., greenspace creation, bike paths) match to funders? Does the project have
economic development, community engagement, public works, parks and recreation or other components that can
attract a different sort of funding. It is important to think strategically about how parts of a project can be funded.
Process Flow
1. Identify Project
Sencf a thank you note, or
request a de-brief to learn why
your project was not accepted.
2. Research Available Grants
3. Match Grant and Project
T
4. Review Grant Guidelines and Application
5. Compile Grant Application
6. Assemble the Finishing Touches
7. Conduct Quality Review and Evaluation
8. Package and Submit
9. Follow Up After Award or Rejection
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
Your Grant Application
NOTE: guidelines vary, but they are generally
some version of:
• Executive Summary
• Introduction
• Statement of Need (what is your justification for
this project)
• Objectives (what are you going to accomplish)
• Action Plan/Methodology
• Evaluation Procedure (How will you prove suc-
cess?)
• Funding (what amount of money do you need
for what activities?)
• Sustainability (what happens after the grant?)
• Summary (this is what you are going to do and
how it is going to change the world)
Create a Plan of Action
• Identify the target audience for a grant (agency, of-
fice, personnel).
• Describe the activities to achieve the desired outcome.
• Justify the project — how is it a product of long term
planning or part of a larger picture (e.g. included as a
part of a comprehensive plan)?
• Create a timetable for activities.
• Develop a realistic budget for the project (is part of
the project already funded, do you have in-kind sup-
port?).
• Identify Funders.
• Does the funding opportunity/mission fit with the
goals of your organization (and vice versa — is your
program compatible with the mission of the funder?
• Is there a required match?
• Do you have internal (within your organization) and
external (stakeholders) support?
• Do you have / can you create a relationship with the
funder?
• How time consuming is it to write and/or manage the
grant — will it be worth it?
• Are past awards within the scope of what you need?
• Is your award type/region of the country, etc. — at-
tractive to the funder?
• Talk to the Grant officer.
• Ensure that you have read the description and appli-
cation.
• Ask about common mistakes that applicants make.
• Briefly describe your project and get some feedback
about how you can pitch it.
• Ask if your application will be competitive.
Create an Evaluation Framework
Grant makers increasingly what to know how grantees
will measure results. Therefore, it is important to include
a solid evaluaton framework as a part of your applica-
tion. What are you planning to do, how are you doing it;
why are you doing it? — present in an easy-to-under-
stand manner.
• Develop evaluation criteria.
• Why are you evaluating?
• Where does evaluation start?
• What questions should be asked?
• What data needs to be collected?
• How can the data be anaylyzed (in what manner, by
whom?)
• What conclusions will be drawn from the data?
• How are results communicated?
• What are the next steps . .. how can sustainability be
ensured from evaluation?
Discuss Project Sustainability
• What will happen to the life of this project after fund-
ing ends? Will it be self-financing, what resources will
ensure its sustainability?
• Write the grant.
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
What Funders Look for During an
Evaluation
NOTE: Evaluation specifics vary, depending on
program requirements, but in general the follow-
ing apply:

• Eligibility
• Required Forms
• Minimum matching funds
• Submitted on time
• Consistency between budget and narrative
• Proposed activities respond to documented need
• Applicant can deliver what the funding agency
wants and what the grant proposal promises
• Grant funds will be managed properly
• Applicant can demonstrate and measure results
Who should review and critique your
application?
• Editor: to read the text.
• Financial person: to double check the numbers.
• Critic: to make sure it all makes sense.
Evaluation Resources
Resources referenced here are ones that provide basic
information on evaluation and evaluation methods used
in the social sciences.

Bureau of Justice Assistance
Find useful resources for planning and implementing
program evaluations and for developing program perfor-
mance measures.
http://www. ojp. usdoj.gov/BJA/evaluation/
Center for Social Research Methods

This Web site provides a wealth of information about
social science research methods, as well as links to other
information Web sites.

http:/Avww. socialresearchmethods. net/index, htm
Joint Committee Standards

This site provides a summary of standards for evalua-
tion to help in designing, managing and reviewing evalu-
ation studies.

http.V/www. wmich. edu/evalctr/jc/JC-Home. htm
United Way of America: Outcome Measurement
Resource Network

This Web site provides an overview of a manual for mea-
suring program outcomes and some illustrative excerpts.

http://national, unitedway. org/outcomes/resources/
mpo/
The Kellogg Foundation Evaluation Handbook

This handbook provides a framework for thinking about
project evaluation and outlines a blueprint for designing
and conducting evaluations.

http://www.wkkf.org/Pubs/Tools/Evaluation/
Pub770.pdf
2005 Brownfields Federal Program Guide
-------
United States Office of Solid Waste and EPA-560-F-05-230
Environmental Protection Emergency Response August 2005
Agency www.epa.gov/brownfields/
-------