vxEPA United States Environ-mental Protection Agency FACTOIDS: Drinking Water and Ground Water Statistics for 2008 ------- Office of Water (4606M) EPA816-K-08-004 December 2008 ------- There are approximately 155,000 public drinking water systems in the United States. Each of these systems regularly supplies drinking water to at least 25 people or 15 service connections. Beyond their common purpose, the 155,000 systems vary widely. The following tables group water systems into categories that show their similarities and differences. For example, the first table shows that most people in the US (292 milion) get their water from a community water system. There are approximately 52,000 community water systems, but just eight percent of those systems (4,132) serve 82 percent of the people. The second table shows that more water systems have ground water than surface water as a source-but more people drink from a surface water system. Other tables break down these national numbers by state, territory, and EPA region. This package also contains figures on the types and locations of underground injection control wells. EPA and states regulate the placement and operation of these wells to ensure that they do not threaten underground sources of drinking water. The underground injection control program statistics are based on separate reporting from the states to EPA. The drinking water system statistics on the following pages are taken from the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal version (SDWIS/Fed). SDWIS/Fed is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's official record of public drinking water systems, their violations of state and EPA regulations, and enforcement actions taken by EPA or states as a result of those violations. EPA maintains the database using information collected and submitted by the states. Notice: Compliance statistics are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data. An analysis of SDWIS/Fed data quality is available atwww.epa.gov/safewater/data/reports.html For more information and additional drinking water data tables, please visit http://www.epa.gov/safewater/data/getdata.html. Acronyms & Abbeviations: CWS: Community Water System FY: (federal) Fiscal Year [October 1-September 30] GPRA: Government Performance and Results Act-program measures M/R: Monitoring/Reporting violation [water system's failure to monitor for, or report to the state, the level of a contaminant on the required schedule] MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level [the legal limit on a contaminant in drinking water MRDL: Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level [for disinfectants added to drinking water] NTNCWS: Non-Transient Non-Community Water System Other: Other violations of EPA rules (including failure to provide public notice of another violation, or failure to prepare and/or distribute a Consumer Confidence Report) Pop. Served: Population served (by a water system) PWS: Public Water System PWSS: Public Water System Supervision program SDWIS/FED: Safe Drinking Water System/Federal version TNCWS: Transient Non-Community Water System TT: Treatment Technique [a drinking water treatment required by EPA or state rules^ ------- FY2008 Drinking Water Factoids Public Water System Inventory data Active, current systems, from Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal version (SDWIS/FED) 08Q3 frozen inventory table System size by population served Very Small 500 or less Small 501-3,300 Medium 3,301-10,000 Large 10,001-100,000 Very Large >100,000 Total cws NTNCWS TNCWS # systems Pop. served % of systems % of pop # systems Pop. served % of systems % of pop # systems Pop. served % of systems % of pop 29,160 13,858 4,838 3,728 404 4,857,104 19,868,795 28,134,557 106,310,834 133,128,786 56% 27% 9% 7% 1% 2% 7% 10% 36% 46% 15,954 2,641 130 16 1 2,234,688 2,701,807 702,369 412,160 203,000 85% 14% 1% 0% 0% 36% 43% 11% 7% 3% 81,324 2,705 101 17 2 7,197,477 2,625,850 542,458 482,151 2,725,000 97% 3% 0% 0% 0% 53% 19% 4% 4% 20% 51 ,988 292,300,076 100% 100% 18,742 6,254,024 100% 100% 84,149 13,572,936 100% 100% Total # system 126,438 19,204 5,069 3,761 407 154,879 CWS = Community Water System: A public water system that supplies water to the same population year-round. NTNCWS = Non-Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that regularly supplies water to at least 25 of the same people at least six months per year, but not year-round. Some examples are schools, factories, office buildings, and hospitals which have their own water systems. TNCWS = Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that provides water in a place such as a gas station or campground where people do not remain for long periods of time and is open at least 60 days/year. Water source Type Ground Water Surface Water Totals CWS NTNCWS TNCWS # systems Pop. served % of systems % of pop # systems Pop. served % of systems % of pop # systems Pop. served % of systems % of pop 40,301 1 1 ,671 88,039,047 204,094,646 78% 22% 30% 70% 18,041 688 5,462,056 788,360 96% 4% 87% 13% 82,126 2,010 1 1 ,036,800 2,534,900 98% 2% 81% 19% 51 ,972 292,133,693 100% 100% 18,729 6,250,416 100% 100% 84,136 13,571,700 100% 100% Total # system 140,468 14,369 Ground water systems = ground water (GW), purchased ground water (GWP) Surface water systems = surface water (SW), purchased surface water (SWP), ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GU), purchased ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GUP). SDWIS/FED 08Q3 tables were "frozen" in early October 2008 ------- FY2008 water system data-by State Key: Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 08Q3 frozen violations table # systems Pop served AK AL AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME Ml MN MO MS CWS NTNCWS TNCWS Total Ground Surface CWSs w/ reported health-based violations 440 240 899 562,818 62,317 105,307 535 27 63 5,392,846 16,434 6,988 712 37 364 2,617,534 10,014 21,172 811 216 578 6,014,439 134,184 113,494 3,001 1 ,376 2,832 39,338,253 385,279 1,444,175 858 171 969 5,183,440 67,775 260,159 569 602 1 ,529 2,681,269 111,098 58,289 5 1 606,730 370 214 94 191 894,049 26,922 54,809 1,802 950 3,100 18,779,537 252,950 270,570 1,764 216 502 8,196,451 64,806 78,168 112 15 3 1,318,212 11,299 3,805 1,131 139 697 2,648,654 48,258 85,430 749 229 1 ,005 1,059,654 51,844 108,721 1 ,765 395 3,604 12,003,424 128,366 364,183 824 650 2,823 4,692,225 197,630 381,850 896 50 91 2,570,753 20,793 4,245 405 30 52 4,903,536 12,907 6,799 1,070 147 250 4,884,913 56,468 62,019 532 265 938 9,314,096 73,707 188,185 484 561 2,483 5,127,033 159,226 307,994 382 375 1,193 660,416 69,492 189,058 1,412 1,497 8,686 7,613,164 327,736 1,042,226 962 543 5,808 4,170,773 83,604 535,514 1 ,489 243 1 ,059 5,073,517 76,721 114,238 1,122 84 81 2,997,520 74,928 1 1 ,207 1,579 730,442 625 5,416,268 1,113 2,648,720 1,605 6,262,117 7,209 41,167,707 1,998 5,511,374 2,700 2,850,656 6 607,100 499 975,780 5,852 19,303,057 2,482 8,339,425 130 1,333,316 1,967 2,782,342 1,983 1,220,219 5,764 12,495,973 4,297 5,271 ,705 1,037 2,595,791 487 4,923,242 1,467 5,003,400 1,735 9,575,988 3,528 5,594,253 1,950 918,966 1 1 ,595 8,983,126 7,313 4,789,891 2,791 5,264,476 1,287 3,083,655 1,313 266 327,276 403,166 386 239 1 ,495,690 3,920,578 699 414 909,889 1 ,738,831 1 ,544 61 2,884,330 3,377,787 5,982 1 ,227 7,744,080 33,423,627 1,483 515 703,829 4,807,545 2,619 81 427,268 2,423,388 6 607,100 492 7 491 ,805 483,975 5,778 74 15,518,664 3,784,393 2,254 228 1 ,783,726 6,555,699 111 19 500,086 833,230 1,815 152 1,510,220 1,272,122 1 ,907 76 961,716 258,503 5,029 735 3,583,938 8,912,035 4,176 121 2,917,140 2,354,565 659 378 710,043 1,885,748 160 327 454,936 4,468,306 1 ,377 90 2,996,483 2,006,917 1,519 216 2,018,731 7,557,257 3,405 123 1,089,057 4,505,196 1 ,867 83 470,867 448,099 1 1 ,288 307 3,085,590 5,897,536 7,201 112 3,453,598 1 ,336,293 2,538 253 1 ,827,605 3,436,871 1,275 12 2,920,170 163,485 81 40,574 28 133,326 134 385,605 133 249,333 260 732,369 100 156,498 59 25,993 17 6,545 163 1,136,883 81 534,113 4 45,337 73 108,200 121 152,408 141 776,385 72 113,471 115 204,464 45 434,607 124 502,175 62 771,111 33 61 ,392 66 115,222 145 263,731 68 245,075 192 1 ,542,646 80 261 ,41 1 18% 7% 5% 2% 19% 15% 16% 4% 9% 2% 12% 3% 10% 1% 0% 0% 8% 1% 9% 6% 5% 7% 4% 3% 6% 4% 16% 14% 8% 6% 9% 2% 13% 8% 11% 9% 12% 10% 12% 8% 7% 1% 17% 17% 10% 3% 7% 6% 13% 30% 7% 9% ------- FY2008 water system data-by State Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table Key: # systems Pop served MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK OR PA Rl SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WA Wl WV WY CWS NTNCWS TNCWS Total Ground Surface CWSs w/ reported health-based violations 688 252 1,169 716,545 79,519 174,141 2,136 479 3,862 7,140,116 133,558 321,685 331 25 159 561,809 3,883 14,146 596 164 568 1,415,174 52,329 57,505 71 1 450 1 ,251 849,684 96,036 319,585 606 817 2,445 8,717,756 354,744 420,973 633 169 460 1,697,004 50,772 73,337 221 104 244 2,546,438 41,807 23,014 2,777 745 5,968 17,871,595 323,088 2,845,472 1,266 855 3,018 10,345,753 217,810 444,001 1,111 109 354 3,459,985 28,747 28,979 866 340 1 ,421 3,079,948 72,520 216,038 2,075 1,232 6,155 10,705,071 522,930 783,445 85 78 316 991,863 27,763 54,859 623 141 744 3,730,888 40,934 39,933 456 27 174 682,429 8,118 24,603 485 44 367 5,812,407 25,810 57,531 4,669 855 1 ,237 24,536,443 512,374 247,799 458 68 438 2,607,806 29,486 72,544 1,216 562 1,152 6,489,474 300,169 178,609 446 247 673 450,476 43,343 100,633 2,267 330 1 ,573 5,943,687 139,054 408,262 1 ,081 898 9,533 3,940,472 206,431 713,402 503 131 468 1,492,831 40,873 32,911 296 87 384 438,256 21,819 73,257 2,109 970,205 6,477 7,595,359 515 579,838 1,328 1 ,525,008 2,412 1 ,265,305 3,868 9,493,473 1,262 1,821,113 569 2,611,259 9,490 21,040,155 5,139 1 1 ,007,564 1,574 3,517,711 2,627 3,368,506 9,462 12,011,446 479 1 ,074,485 1,508 3,811,755 657 715,150 896 5,895,748 6,761 25,296,616 964 2,709,836 2,930 6,968,252 1,366 594,452 4,170 6,491 ,003 11,512 4,860,305 1,102 1,566,615 767 533,332 1,890 219 542,040 428,165 6,042 435 2,067,728 5,527,631 403 112 258,133 321,705 1 ,267 61 736,833 788,175 2,353 59 736,098 529,207 3,757 1 1 1 3,659,582 5,833,891 1,192 70 1 ,525,468 295,645 529 40 297,000 2,314,259 8,104 1,386 5,420,464 15,619,691 4,824 315 3,477,256 7,530,308 849 725 662,566 2,855,145 2,324 303 766,902 2,601 ,604 8,868 594 2,607,685 9,403,761 455 24 230,339 844,146 1,168 340 618,396 3,193,359 518 139 315,426 399,724 529 367 1,478,754 4,416,994 5,510 1,251 7,239,700 18,056,916 868 96 1,593,458 1,116,378 2,555 375 791,337 6,176,915 1,245 121 320,058 274,394 3,903 267 2,943,074 3,547,929 1 1 ,455 57 3,040,091 1,820,214 758 344 303,942 1 ,262,673 639 128 191,256 342,076 85 62,948 320 442,555 9 10,729 133 122,939 116 111,715 47 592,782 94 202,932 29 40,234 267 1,766,623 108 365,702 259 829,146 118 94,352 178 2,106,509 11 314,514 36 110,174 46 38,404 49 297,600 470 2,035,244 36 142,129 148 317,076 87 74,056 209 137,028 100 41 1 ,696 44 148,356 22 7,897 12% 9% 15% 6% 3% 2% 22% 9% 16% 13% 8% 7% 15% 12% 13% 2% 10% 10% 9% 4% 23% 24% 14% 3% 9% 20% 13% 32% 6% 3% 10% 6% 10% 5% 10% 8% 8% 5% 12% 5% 20% 16% 9% 2% 9% 10% 9% 10% 7% 2% 50,648 285,529,166 18,362 5,899,045 83,933 13,545,269 152,943 138,882 102,610,323 14,061 202,363,157 5,418 19,782,214 ------- FY2008 water system data-Tribal Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table Key: # systems Pop served Region 01 02 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Navajo Nation CWS NTNCWS TNCWS Total Ground Surface CWSs w/ reported health-based violations 2 2 1 41,095 60 40 7 1 1 10,553 175 200 14 2 15 21,058 1,107 1,576 78 25 8 97,827 26,971 660 50 20 15 72,352 75,968 1 ,788 923 5,394 1 ,250 730 113 15 6 92,320 5,449 304 234 53 35 268,387 96,736 6,571 83 18 10 45,057 36,125 915 140 13 6 139,264 4,546 1,109 5 41,195 9 10,928 31 23,741 111 125,458 85 150,108 14 7,374 134 98,073 322 371 ,694 111 82,097 159 144,919 4 1 195 41,000 8 1 5,978 4,950 30 1 14,241 9,500 109 2 124,969 489 76 9 134,681 15,427 13 1 6,674 700 109 25 72,062 26,01 1 301 21 340,130 31,564 98 13 51,419 30,678 154 5 127,034 17,885 1 95 1 4,950 2 2,143 5 3,035 9 1 1 ,900 1 700 13 10,889 62 85,280 3 660 14 23,069 50% 0% 14% 47% 14% 10% 6% 3% 18% 16% 11% 13% 12% 12% 26% 32% 4% 1% 10% 17% 730 151 100 981 902 79 111 793,307 248,387 13,893 877,383 178,204 142,721 FY2008 water system data-Commonwealths and Territories Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table Key: # systems Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table Pop served CWS NTNCWS TNCWS Total Ground Surface CWSs w/ reported health-based violations Amer. Samoa Guam N. Marianas Puerto Rico Virgin Islands 19 51,435 5 4 194,286 2,090 45 27 12 82,630 8,414 861 446 50 6 5,399,857 47,049 2,356 79 135 85 83,012 45,431 9,321 19 51 ,435 9 196,376 84 91 ,905 502 5,449,262 299 137,764 13 6 5,277 46,158 6 3 155,840 40,536 82 2 25,926 65,979 287 215 796,890 4,652,372 296 3 66,264 71 ,500 6 1,364 11 69,325 234 3,349,136 6 1,738 32% 3% 0% 0% 24% 84% 52% 62% 8% 2% 594 216 103 913 684 229 257 5,811,220 102,984 12,538 1,050,197 4,876,545 3,421,563 ------- Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)- Strategic Sub-objective For Drinking Water 2.1.1 GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how well they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have gathered, and communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the public. EPA Strategic Objective 2.1: Protect Public Health, Sub-objective 2.1.1: Water Safe To Drink: By 2008, 95% of the population served by community water systems will receive drinking water that meets all applicable health-based drinking water standards through effective treatment and source water protection. (2002 Baseline: 93.6 percent of population; note that year-to-year performence is expected to change overtime as new standards take effect.) Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data. 10 91% 92% 92% 92% 93% 89% 88% 65% 62% 75% 64% 62% 60% 57% 57% 60% 82% 76% 61% 55% 80% 54% 81% 77% 76% 61% 60% 55% 53% 52% 55% 56% 90% 95% 93% 93% 85% 95% 98% 98% 97% 98% 97% 97% 92% 91% 87% 85% 94% 93% 93% 93% 93% 93% 96% 95% 95% 95% 95% 93% 93% 92% 90% 90% 95% 93% 92% 94% 96% 95% 94% 92% 95% 95% 95% 92% 92% 92% 88% 77% 89% 92% 88% 88% 92% 93% 93% 96% 96% 95% 95% 93% 94% 88% 87% 92% 83% 93% 91% 91% 92% 93% 95% 90% 95% 95% 94% 95% 95% 95% 94% 93% 96% 97% 96% 95% 92% 92% 97% 94% 94% 94% 93% 91% 92% 90% 91% 92% 98% 95% 98% 95% 86% 98% 99% 97% 94% 97% 95% 95% 91% 88% 90% 69% 96% 92% 95% 95% 93% 93% 91% 83% 83% 94% 89% 74% 74% 75% 87% 85% CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS VT VW NC Wl WY GU SC MP TN PW Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) and Treatment Technique (TT) violations. Population data are based on active, current water systems For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables. For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables. For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables. For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables. For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables. For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables. For FY2002, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 02Q4 frozen tables. For FY2001, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 01Q4 frozen tables. CA population data from OOQ4 frozen tables For FY2000, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED OOQ4 frozen tables. For FY1999, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 99Q4 frozen tables. For FY1998, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q4 frozen tables. For FY1997 and earlier, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q1 frozen tables. ------- Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)-- Strategic Targets for Regulations In Place Before 12/2001 GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how well they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have gathered, and communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the public. EPA Strategic Targets: by 2008, 95% of community water systems and 95% of the population served by them will provide drinking water that meets all existing health-based standards with which systems need to comply as of December 2001. (2002 Baseline: 93.6% of the population, 91.6 percent of systems). Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data. % Population served By EPA region Nationally 1 10 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 94.1% 93.6% 91.7% 91.0% 92.2% 91.0% 93.7% 92% 94% 95% 93% 94% 90% 88% 85% 80% 65% 62% 86% 59% 81% 91% 97% 95% 95% 92% 97% 98% 96% 96% 96% 95% 95% 94% 96% 96% 94% 93% 95% 96% 95% 94% 93% 95% 92% 94% 96% 96% 94% 95% 96% 95% 94% 93% 94% 95% 97% 98% 97% 96% 93% 93% 97% 98% 95% 98% 95% 86% 98% 99% 97% 93% 96% 95% 93% 93% 91% % Systems The systems measure was added to provide context to the population-based measure because it is less volatile and is not biased towards large systems. By EPA region Nationally 1 8 10 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 91.5% 92.0% 92.2% 91.8% 91.9% 92.1% 91.6% 89% 87% 87% 87% 88% 86% 86% 89% 90% 90% 88% 90% 90% 89% 93% 94% 94% 94% 92% 93% 92% 94% 94% 94% 94% 94% 93% 94% 94% 94% 94% 93% 93% 94% 93% 93% 94% 94% 93% 93% 93% 93% 90% 90% 91% 90% 90% 89% 87% 93% 94% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 90% 92% 92% 92% 95% 95% 89% 89% 89% 87% 87% 88% 87% CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS VT WV NC Wl WY GU SC MP TN PW Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) and Treatment Technique (TT) violations. Population data are based on active, current water systems For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables. For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables. For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables. For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables. For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables. For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables. For FY2002, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 02Q4 frozen tables. ------- Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)- Strategic Targets for Regulations In Place After 2001 GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how well they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have gathered, and communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the public. EPA Strategic Targets: by 2008, 80% of community water systems and 95% of the population served by them will provide drinking water that meets all existing health-based standards with a compliance date of January 2002 or later. Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data. Applicable standards in FY2008: * Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule—CWSs w/ surface water sources serving 10,000 or more people * Disinfection By-Products (DBP) Rule for CWSs that disinfect. In FY2003, this rule applied to systems serving >10,000 people * New Arsenic and Uranium standards % Population served By EPA region 123456789 10 Nationally 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 96.3% 96.9% 96.8% 96.2% 96.6% 95.7% 98% 97% 97% 99% 99% 98% 91% 89% 89% 85% 84% 79% 98% 98% 98% 98% 92% 98% 98% 97% 97% 98% 98% 97% 99% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 95% 96% 95% 93% 96% 94% 88% 97% 96% 96% 99% 97% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 99% 100% 100% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% % Systems The systems measure was added to provide context to the population-based measure because it is less volatile and is not biased towards large systems. By EPA region Nationally 123456789 10 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 96.5% 96.4% 96.7% 97.1% 99.2% 93.1% 96% 95% 96% 98% 99% 96% 96% 96% 97% 97% 99% 76% 97% 96% 97% 97% 100% 92% 97% 97% 97% 97% 99% 93% 97% 96% 97% 99% 100% 99% 93% 94% 94% 93% 98% 86% 97% 97% 97% 96% 98% 92% 97% 97% 97% 98% 99% 98% 96% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 98% 99% 98% 99% 100% 100% CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS VT WV NC Wl WY GU SC MP TN PW Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL), and Treatment Technique (TT) violations. Population data are based on all active Community Water Systems For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables. For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables. For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables. For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables. For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables. For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables. ------- CWS violations reported by FY FY2008 data from SDW1S/FED 08Q3 frozen tables FY2007 data from SDW1S/FED 07Q3 frozen tables FY2006 data from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1 FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1 FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1 Number of violations FY MCL MRDL TT M/R Other* Total 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 9,883 9,410 9,076 9,360 5,340 4,688 5 5 7 4 6 1 2,647 3,056 2,790 3,036 2,168 2,299 103,064 61,316 57,117 109,167 87,393 58,675 20,774 23,299 19,245 18,414 14,459 12,671 136,373 97,086 88,235 139,981 109,366 78,334 Number of systems in violation FY MCL MRDL M/R Other* Population affected FY2008 CWS results, by system size Number of violations MCL MRDL T Very small Small Medium Large Very large M/R Other Number of systems in violation MCL MRDL M/R Other Very small Small Medium Large Very large Population affected MCL MRDL M/R Other Very small Small Medium Large Very large Total 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 4,553 4,412 4,371 4,383 3,419 3,042 5 4 3 4 4 1 1,506 1,648 1,538 1,625 1,409 1,458 13,084 12,619 13,071 14,291 13,551 12,819 8,631 10,429 9,600 10,258 8,947 8,109 20,797 21 ,544 21,618 22,772 21 ,055 20,280 FY MCL 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 15,841,822 16,105,351 16,221,483 18,951,548 15,018,194 15,438,443 MRDL 1,021 263,875 46,344 424,859 3,617 2,250 TT 10,086,935 10,895,825 16,612,762 16,879,450 16,588,301 16,969,087 M/R 57,538,783 51,148,667 52,289,555 61 ,767,844 48,675,006 49,497,572 Other* 21 ,872,736 30,434,294 23,372,794 23,442,800 17,833,120 12,726,332 Total 83,385,983 87,843,223 83,062,903 90,890,243 76,870,272 80,765,799 Total 5,277 3,004 1,001 667 27 5 1,531 718 231 154 13 76,063 18,619 8,602 9,750 1,145 15,760 3,527 915 545 27 98,636 25,868 10,749 11,116 1,212 Total 2,546 1,232 448 315 12 5 896 383 133 85 9 8,567 2,841 930 684 62 5,842 1,940 494 334 21 12,956 4,996 1,587 1,173 85 Total 435,974 1 ,772,360 2,582,166 7,590,568 3,460,754 1,021 148,542 578,182 761,899 2,351,256 6,247,056 1 ,328,092 3,941 ,593 5,391 ,970 18,067,524 28,809,604 899,846 2,658,558 2,736,140 8,341 ,321 7,236,871 2,061 ,976 7,043,096 9,146,949 30,595,667 34,538,295 * Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row. This is because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation. Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBP and IESWTR rules ------- NTNCWS violations reported by FY FY2008 data from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables FY2007 data from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables FY2006 data from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables, FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables, FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables, Number of violations FY MCL MRDL TT M/R except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1 except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1 except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1 Other Number of systems in violation FY MCL MRDL T M/R Other Population affected FY MCL MRDL M/R Other Total 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2,206 2,141 1,833 1,851 1,348 1,383 766 794 827 1 853 681 680 39,379 28,581 27,728 48,276 34,097 25,588 3,449 2,490 2,063 717 538 503 45,800 34,006 32,451 51,698 36,664 28,154 Total 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 1,326 1,313 1,198 1,160 1,020 1,024 536 539 539 1 550 474 495 5,178 4,903 5,143 5,578 4,957 4,752 1,227 1,238 1,059 491 356 317 6,870 6,618 6,590 6,778 5,987 5,794 Total 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 423,663 398,021 405,274 342,398 286,638 265,927 181,073 188,740 170,672 110 164,644 130,242 140,053 1 ,630,978 1 ,526,926 1 ,670,822 1,665,415 1 ,401 ,31 1 1,432,966 343,836 355,150 277,538 122,177 88,003 85,026 2,141,033 2,083,785 2,136,600 2,035,743 1,711,868 1 ,746,697 TNCWS violations reported by FY Number of violations FY MCL MRDL TT M/R 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Other Number of systems in violation FY MCL MRDL T M/R Other Population affected FY MCL MRDL 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 M/R Other Total 5,259 5,575 5,264 4,994 5,003 5,063 384 435 474 502 415 573 26,589 28,599 29,848 34,880 34,295 33,666 24,437 22,078 19,010 4,800 3,028 8,640 56,669 56,687 54,596 45,176 42,741 47,942 Total 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 4,068 4,319 4,066 3,961 3,960 4,055 227 237 211 215 195 245 14,938 15,626 15,571 17,542 17,314 17,429 8,159 7,664 6,417 2,284 1,697 3,685 22,714 22,996 21,800 21,236 20,653 21,338 Total 548,776 538,931 1 ,296,508 541,171 549,164 540,765 58,580 63,160 50,372 86,648 51,915 40,518 1 ,959,479 1,999,117 2,166,532 2,260,178 2,205,971 2,159,794 859,435 731,880 642,080 344,41 1 234,291 340,950 2,900,038 2,799,528 3,596,226 2,812,854 2,705,723 2,647,611 * Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row. This is because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation. Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBP and IESWTR rules ------- FY2008 MCL, MRDL and TT violations reported From SDW1S/FED 08Q3 frozen violations table Very small Small Medium Large 25-500 501-3,300 3,301-10,0000,001-100,00 Microbials: Applies to all water systems TCR 7,527 5,755 643,067 989 772 991,612 272 235 1,365,157 251 204 4,878,935 Key: Very Large >100,000 10 7 2,829,851 # violations # systems Pop. affected Total 9,049 6,973 16,022 Applies to CWS & NTNCWS that disinfect (plus TNCWSs that use CIO2) Stage 1 DBP 1,317 535 98,147 1,629 542 849,756 580 218 1,224,557 159 75 1 ,569,709 4 2 209,225 3,689 1,372 3,951,394 Applies to surface water systems SWTR 887 475 74,127 254 150 201 ,550 37 33 213,814 17 17 357,784 3 3 2,741,000 1,198 678 3,588,275 Applies to surface water systems IE<1SWTR 199 65 13,020 185 71 121,138 62 40 234,161 87 38 1 ,250,980 9 5 3,210,356 542 219 4,829,655 Organics: Applies to CWS and NTNCWS voc soc 46 28 5,617 26 20 3,339 9 4 7,685 3 1 4,394 1 1 4,877 4 4 117,020 2 2 89,500 62 37 134,716 29 23 97,716 Inorganics: Applies to CWS and NTNCWS Nitrate/Nitrite Arsenic Other IOC 997 563 67,426 1,554 731 113,891 275 111 17,938 147 62 70,898 412 173 227,941 63 23 29,304 9 2 8,655 166 41 247,763 8 3 23,336 10 4 55,301 59 22 722,821 14 10 385,653 3 1 100,387 1,163 631 202,280 2,191 967 1,312,416 363 148 556,618 Applies to CWS Radionuclides 714 235 41,349 337 103 138,131 80 30 179,515 170 31 725,178 7 3 423,174 1,308 402 1,507,347 Applies to CWS and NTNCWS Lead & Copper 1,211 861 125,344 259 213 272,507 55 41 222,036 25 20 519,529 1 1 295,700 1,551 1,136 1,435,116 Acronyms: TCR = Total Coliform Rule SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule IE<1SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule DBP = Disinfection By-Products Rule VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHM (which are listed in DBP Rule) SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine) Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite ------- FY2008 Monitoring violations reported From SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen violations table Microbials: Very small Small Medium 25-500 501-3,300 3,301-10,000 Applies to all water systems Large 10,001-100,000 Key: Very Large >1 00,000 # violations # systems Pop. affected Total TCR 28,424 17,402 1 ,846,394 2,672 1,714 2,105,338 438 315 1,785,096 205 174 4,388,486 23 19 7,905,493 31 ,762 19,624 18,030,807 Applies to CWS & NTNCWS that disinfect (plus TNCWSs that use CIO2) Stage 1 DBP 4,049 1,969 350,654 1,701 847 1,183,648 444 245 1,411,704 351 160 4,316,844 31 18 5,385,089 6,576 3,239 12,647,939 Applies to surface water systems SWTR 804 247 44,117 225 104 144,412 95 54 298,933 26 21 433,936 6 5 3,072,147 1,156 431 3,993,545 Applies to surface water systems IE<1SWTR 228 92 15,561 166 69 95,829 75 36 204,914 38 21 524,721 8 6 2,474,278 515 224 3,315,303 Organics: Applies to CWS and NTNCWS voc soc 35,422 1,392 182,956 29,692 1,270 169,196 7,109 268 376,259 5,392 240 325,843 2,051 90 539,140 3,805 136 792,950 2,524 80 2,380,214 4,173 116 3,235,960 585 10 3,705,597 184 4 1,014,716 47,691 1,840 7,184,166 43,246 1,766 5,538,665 Inorganics: Applies to CWS and NTNCWS Nitrate/Nitrite Arsenic Other IOC 7,120 6,109 638,493 1,377 1,216 171,442 10,079 1,048 140,058 645 486 588,143 307 248 329,051 1,692 183 233,732 136 101 607,584 94 68 390,625 494 44 258,591 188 98 2,896,654 82 62 1 ,752,395 718 64 1 ,970,474 46 12 4,160,754 13 8 1 ,499,446 148 11 4,933,185 8,135 6,806 8,891 ,628 1,873 1,602 4,142,959 13,131 1,350 7,536,040 Applies to CWS Radionuclides 1,985 549 77,310 543 151 207,818 202 51 307,339 337 46 1,254,181 20 5 2,456,646 3,087 802 4,303,294 Applies to CWS and NTNCWS Lead & Copper 8,977 6,130 880,419 1,945 1,422 1,776,968 405 324 1 ,805,868 245 200 4,740,571 26 14 1 1 ,628,980 1 1 ,598 8,090 20,832,806 Acronyms: TCR= Total Coliform Rule SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule IE<1SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule DBP = Disinfection By-Products Rule VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHM (which are listed in DBP Rule) SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine) Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite ------- Underground Injection Control program-inventory of wells Types of wells: Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Deep industrial waste disposal For oil and natural gas production Related to mineral recovery Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs Generally shallow disposal wells. There are an estimated 650,000 Class V wells nationally MN MO MP MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells State AK AL AR AS AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA GU HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME Class 1 Class 1 Non- Hazardous Hazardous Class II Class III Class III Class IV Class V Waste Wells Waste Wells Wells Facilities Wells Facilities Wells 3 1 3 5 6 17 8 4 23 13 23 6 187 1 11 42 1 25 20 1 4 1 7 1,281 243 1,069 28,672 799 62 2 7,752 1,326 16,416 3,405 3,354 1,592 204 952 929 932 651 4,531 15 1 2 1 3 4 20 5 1 17 5 6 87 27 139 89 49 3,473 19 3 1,673 431 197 47,862 17,094 1,802 542 96 1,026 55,078 8,353 140 5,259 1,432 12,389 10,142 7,724 5,880 13,091 155 1,629 13,693 1,871 8,934 2,744 7,573 37 1,425 818 18,876 548 669 5,147 1,847 1,258 756 ------- Underground Injection Control program-inventory of wells (cont.) Types of wells: Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Deep industrial waste disposal For oil and natural gas production Related to mineral recovery Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs Generally shallow disposal wells. There are an estimated 650,000 Class V wells nationally Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells State NY OH OK OR PA PR Rl SC SD TN TX UT VA VI VT WA Wl WV WY Class 1 Class 1 Non- Hazardous Hazardous Class II Class III Class III Class IV Class V Waste Wells Waste Wells Wells Facilities Wells Facilities Wells 10 56 9 49 1 41 543 2,702 10,459 5 1,866 77 15 50,988 290 79 1 771 4,814 6 4 1 79 1 1 3 3 125 47 2 5,595 7 3 39 10,490 1 5 4 8 30,036 17,775 847 37,645 13,679 2,274 1,042 14,361 264 1,721 23,357 5,346 12,368 71 1,245 30,417 1,718 3,536 1,097 113 465 146,797 152 20,202 21 Tribal Systems, by EPA Region Class! Class II Class III Class IV/V Wells Wells Wells Wells EPAR1 EPAR2 EPAR4 EPAR5 EPAR6 EPAR7 EPAR8 EPAR9 EPAR10 1 14 2,437 948 375 26 76 680 1 16 71 316 818 3,774 2,004 456,990 ------- |