Summary and Analysis of the 2008 Gasoline Benzene Pre-Compliance Reports United States Environmental Protection Agency ------- Summary and Analysis of the 2008 Gasoline Benzene Pre-Compliance Reports Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency v>EPA NOTICE This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. United States EPA-420-R-08-022 Environmental Protection _. , „„„ Agency December 2008 ------- Table of Contents I. Executive Summary i II. Gasoline Benzene Program Overview 2 III. Gasoline Benzene Pre-Compliance Reporting Requirements 3 IV. Summary Data 4 A. Nationwide Analysis 4 1. Refinery Numbers and Production 4 2. Projected Credit Generation and Use 5 3. Project Scope and Timing 7 B. PADD Analysis 7 1. PADD 1 10 2. PADD 2 11 3. PADD 3 12 4. PADD 4 13 5. PADD 5 14 ------- I. Executive Summary I. Executive Summary Most refiners planning to produce gasoline after January 1, 2011 are required to submit to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA" or "the Agency") annual pre- compliance reports indicating their progress toward complying with EPA's gasoline benzene standards. Reports are due annually by June 1 from 2008 through 2011 under the gasoline benzene regulations finalized in February, 2007, in order to provide updates on refiners' compliance plans. This report summarizes information received from refiners in their June 2008 pre-compliance reports. Refiners' benzene pre-compliance reports must contain estimates of average daily gasoline production and annual average benzene concentration from June 1, 2007 through December 31, 2015. For those refiners planning on participating in the credit program, the reports must contain a projection of how many credits will be generated or used by each refinery. The pre-compliance reports must also contain information outlining each refinery's timeline for complying with the gasoline benzene standards and provide information regarding engineering plans (e.g., design and construction), and capital commitments for making the necessary modifications to produce gasoline which meets the gasoline benzene standards. EPA received benzene pre-compliance reports for 110 refineries in 2008. The 2008 benzene pre-compliance reports showed that: - refiners are planning to comply with the benzene standards on time by installing new benzene removal equipment at many of their refineries and using the averaging, banking and trading provisions in the regulations to comply at the rest 58 refineries are planning to install equipment to reduce gasoline benzene 42 refineries are not planning to install equipment to reduce gasoline benzene because they already comply with the gasoline benzene standards, or are planning to use credits for compliance 12 refineries are planning to generate early credits from 2007 through 2010, and 42 refineries are planning to generate standard credits beginning in 2011 overall average reported benzene levels are expected to decrease from 1.05 volume percent (vol%) in 2007 to 0.59 vol% in 2015 This data represents estimates made by refiners whose final actual compliance plans may change prior to January 1, 2011. While the reported information is preliminary, the results provide the clearest snapshot of refiners' aggregate benzene compliance plans available as of June, 2008. They represent the assessment of those who have first-hand knowledge of the unique situation faced by each refinery. EPA expects that next year's benzene pre-compliance reports will contain more definite information on refiners' plans to produce gasoline which meets the benzene standards beginning January 1, 2011. ------- II. Gasoline Benzene Program Overview II. Gasoline Benzene Program Overview The Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSAT2) final rule (72 FR 8428, February 26, 2007) contains a two-step approach to reducing the benzene content of gasoline. Beginning January 1, 2011, importers and most refineries are required to import or produce gasoline containing no more than 0.62 vol% benzene on an annual average basis. This 0.62 vol% benzene standard can be met by using credits. In addition, beginning July 1, 2012, importers and most refineries are required to import or produce gasoline with a maximum annual average gasoline benzene content of 1.3 vol%. A refinery's or importer's actual annual average gasoline benzene level may not exceed this maximum average standard. Credits may not be used to meet the 1.3 vol% standard. The MSAT2 rule includes provisions for refiners and importers to generate gasoline benzene credits. Refiners may generate early benzene credits from June 1, 2007 through December 31, 2010 if a refinery's annual average gasoline benzene is at least 10% less than its average benzene from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2005, and the refinery reduces their benzene by implementing certain technological improvements specified in the regulations. Refiners and importers may generate standard benzene credits beginning in 2011 if a refinery's or importer's annual average gasoline benzene is less than 0.62 vol%. Early benzene credits may be used to comply with the 0.62 vol% standard during the 2011, 2012 and 2013 averaging periods, while standard benzene credits may be used to comply with the 0.62 vol% standard within five years from the year they were generated. For both early credits and standard credits, one credit is equivalent to one gallon of benzene removed from gasoline. Gasoline benzene credits may be transferred nationwide. Small Refiner Flexibilities Additional compliance flexibilities are provided for small refiners in the gasoline benzene regulations. The criteria for qualification as a gasoline benzene small refiner are similar to those under the Gasoline Sulfur and Diesel Sulfur rules. To qualify as "small", a refiner must: 1) produce gasoline by processing crude oil through refinery processing units from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005; 2) employ no more than 1,500 people company-wide, based on the average number of employees for all pay periods from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005; and, 3) have a corporate crude oil capacity less than or equal to 155,000 bpcd for 2005. Small refiners are allowed an additional four years to comply with each benzene standard. They must begin complying with the 0.62 vol% standard no later than January 1, 2015, and begin complying with the 1.3 vol% standard no later than July 1, 2016. Other Flexibilities In addition to allowing refiners and importers to use credits to meet the 0.62 vol% annual average standard, the gasoline benzene regulations also allow refiners and ------- II. Gasoline Benzene Program Overview importers to carry forward a benzene deficit from one year to the next year. If a refinery or importer exceeds the 0.62 vol% annual average standard, and does not procure sufficient credits to meet the standard, they may offset the deficit during the following year by reducing their benzene concentration below 0.62 vol%, and/or procuring credits. Benzene deficits for one year must be offset during the following year, and may not be carried over for a second consecutive year. III. Benzene Pre-Compliance Reporting Requirements The gasoline benzene regulations require refiners to submit annual pre- compliance reports for each of their refineries to EPA. The first pre-compliance report was due by June 1, 2008 and subsequent reports are due annually through 2010. The pre-compliance reports must contain the following information: 1. Any changes in the refiner's basic company or facility information since registration. 2. Estimates of the average daily volume of gasoline produced at each refinery. The volume estimates must include gasoline produced during the periods of June 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007, and calendar years 2008 through 2015. 3. An estimate of the average gasoline benzene concentration for the periods above. 4. For refineries expecting to participate in the benzene credit program, estimates of the number of credits generated and/or used during the periods above. 5. Information on project schedule by known or projected completion date (by quarter) for each stage of the project (strategic planning, front-end engineering, detailed engineering and permitting, procurement and construction, and commissioning and startup). 6. Basic information regarding the selected technology pathway for compliance (e.g. re-routing of benzene precursors or other technologies, revamp versus grassroots, etc.). 7. Whether capital investments have been made or are projected to be made. 8. An update of the progress in each of these areas. The pre-compliance reporting requirements do not apply to certain types of gasoline, including imported gasoline, gasoline produced for and used in California, gasoline produced by small refiners, gasoline exported for use outside the United States, and gasoline produced through distillation of transmix. These products are not included in this summary and analysis. We recognize that the pre-compliance reports contain preliminary information and that final decisions on benzene removal plans may not have been made in all cases as of the reporting deadline. Accordingly, the information in this summary and analysis is based on the best available refinery information as of June 1, 2008. The information ------- III. Benzene Pre-Compliance Reporting Requirements presented here will be updated with more current analyses from subsequent annual pre- compliance reports in 2009 and 2010. IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data A. Nationwide Analysis 1. Refinery Numbers and Production We received benzene pre-compliance reports in 2008 for 110 refineries. Refiners indicated that, for most of their refineries, they have made decisions on producing gasoline which meets the benzene standards beginning January 1, 2011. Table 1 shows the aggregated results for all reporting refineries for the four years leading up to the beginning of the gasoline benzene standards, and Table 2 shows the aggregated results for the first five years when the standards are in effect. Table 1 Reported Data for Total U.S., 2007-2010 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% and < or = 1.3 vol% # refineries with benzene > 1.3 vol% 2007 110 7,009,410 1.05 22 42 46 2008 110 7,321,248 1.07 22 40 48 2009 110 7,523,745 1.06 22 40 48 2010 110 7,690,694 1.04 24 41 45 Table 2 Reported Data for Total U.S., 2011-2015 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2011 110 7,953,682 0.65 66 44 2012 110 7,968,849 0.61 69 41 2013 110 7,968,195 0.59 72 38 2014 110 7,957,194 0.59 71 39 2015 110 7,968,537 0.59 74 36 Table 1 shows that in 2007, only 22 refineries produced gasoline averaging 0.62 vol% benzene or less. Also in 2007, 88 refineries produced gasoline averaging greater than 0.62 vol% benzene, including 46 refineries that produced gasoline averaging greater than 1.3 vol% benzene. Table 2 shows that 44 of these 88 refineries plan to begin producing gasoline averaging 0.62 vol% benzene or less by 2011, as the number of refineries producing gasoline averaging 0.62 vol% benzene or less increases from 22 in ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data 2007 to 66 in 2011. The number of refineries producing gasoline averaging 0.62 vol% benzene or less further increases to 72 by 2013, after the 1.3 vol% benzene maximum annual average standard takes effect in mid-2012, and increases to 75 by 2015. Table 2 shows that the average benzene concentration for all reporting refineries is slightly greater than 0.62 vol% in 2011, as some refineries plan to use early credits to meet the 0.62 vol% standard in 2011. Refiners begin producing gasoline averaging 0.62 vol% benzene or less in 2012, when average benzene concentration decreases to 0.61 vol%. Table 2 also shows that refiners plan to significantly increase production of gasoline from 2007 to 2011, by approximately 940 thousand bbls/day. Figure 1 illustrates reported gasoline production, by benzene concentration, for each reported year. By 2012, approximately 80 percent of all gasoline will contain 0.62 vol% benzene or less. Figure 1. Reported U.S. Gasoline Production and Benzene Content, 2007-2015 8,000 a % 7,000 | 1 6,000 •g 1 5,000 «• •§ 4,000 i § 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 J L J L Year D < or = 0.62% • > 0.62% 2. Projected Credit Generation and Use Table 3 shows total reported gasoline benzene credits generated and used for each reported year. Twelve refineries indicated they plan to generate a total of 74.2 million benzene credits (1 credit = 1 gallon benzene) during the early credit generation period from June 1, 2007 through December 31, 2010. Nine of these refineries are owned by refiners who own multiple refineries. To spread out the transition to the 0.62 vol% benzene standard, refiners plan to use some of these early credits during the first compliance period in 2011. In 2011, 42 refineries indicated they plan to generate a total of 95.8 million credits, and 44 refineries indicated they plan to use a total of 128.0 ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data million credits. Annual generation of standard credits begins to exceed annual usage of standard credits in 2012, when 42 refineries plan to generate 96.3 million credits and 41 refineries plan to use only 83.6 million credits. By 2015, credit generation exceeds credit usage by 33.6 million credits, as 43 refineries plan to generate 99.4 million credits and 36 refineries plan to use only 65.6 million credits. Table 3 Reported Gasoline Benzene Credits for Total U.S., 2007-2015 Year # refineries generating benzene credits Benzene credits generated, millions Year # refineries generating benzene credits # refineries using benzene credits Benzene credits generated, millions Benzene credits used, millions 2007 4 9.4 2011 42 44 95.8 128.0 2008 3 8.7 2012 42 41 96.3 83.6 2009 7 18.5 2013 44 38 99.6 68.8 2010 9 37.5 2014 43 39 98.7 67.5 total 12 74.2 2015 43 36 99.4 65.8 Figure 2 shows cumulative projected generation and usage of gasoline benzene credits for each reported year. Refiners are planning to generate sufficient credits for compliance during each annual compliance period from 2011 onward. Figure 2. Cumulative U.S. Gasoline Benzene Credits aj S a ffl 'g Year D Generated • Us ed 3. Project Scope and Timing In addition to providing projections of gasoline production, benzene concentration, and credit generation/usage, refineries must also include information outlining both their timeline for compliance with the gasoline benzene standards and their ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data engineering plans (e.g., design and construction) in their pre-compliance reports. We requested that refineries report their progress according to the following five stages: 1) strategic planning, 2) planning and front-end engineering, 3) detailed engineering and permitting, 4) procurement and construction, and 5) commissioning and start-up. In the 2008 benzene pre-compliance reports, refiners indicated they have plans to install new benzene reduction facilities at 58 refineries. These refineries are generally in the early stages of their projects to comply with the gasoline benzene standards. Most have completed their strategic planning phase, and have started front-end engineering design work Most of the 58 refineries indicated that they plan to use one or more of the gasoline benzene reduction strategies identified by EPA in the gasoline benzene rulemaking. Reported scopes for benzene compliance projects are summarized in the following list: -14 refineries plan to install additional naphtha pre-fractionation capacity to reduce the amount of benzene precursors in their naphtha reformer feed -16 refineries plan to install a new reformate splitter tower -15 refineries plan to install a new benzene saturation unit - 4 refineries plan to install new benzene extraction facilities - 3 refineries plan to revamp existing benzene extraction facilities. - 3 refineries plan to install new isomerization units - 4 refineries plan to revamp existing isomerization units - 7 refineries plan to outhaul benzene-rich light reformate to other refineries for processing In addition, 6 refineries indicated they planned to make operational changes to reduce gasoline benzene. Refiners indicated they were not planning to install benzene reduction facilities at 42 refineries, either because these refineries already comply with the gasoline benzene standards, or because they are planning to use credits for compliance. B. PADD Analysis This section presents information specific to each Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD). Tables 4, 5 and 6 show aggregated reported data for 2007, 2011 and 2015, by PADD1. From 2007 to 2011, reported national average benzene concentration decreased by 39 percent, with the largest decrease occurring in PADD 5 (48 percent), followed by PADD 2 (44 percent), PADD 3 (40 percent), PADD 4 (35 percent), and PADD 1 (15 percent). Also from 2007 to 2011, the number of refineries producing gasoline containing 0.62 vol% benzene or less triples from 22 to 66, with the largest increase occurring in PADD 3 (21 refineries), followed by PADD 2 (10 1 These tables do not include imported gasoline, gasoline used in California, gasoline produced by small refiners, gasoline exported outside the U.S., and gasoline produced by transmix processors. ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data refineries), PADD 4 (5 refineries), and PADDs 1 and 5 (4 refineries). From 2011 to 2015, reported average benzene concentration decreases further in each PADD, with the largest decreases occurring in PADDs 1, 4 and 2, while projected gasoline production changes little in each PADD. From 2011 to 2015, eight additional refineries begin producing gasoline containing 0.62 vol% benzene or less, including 5 refineries in PADD 1, 2 in PADD 2 and 1 in PADD 3. Table 4 Reported Data by PADD for 2007 area # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% PADD1 14 1,160,559 0.80 4 10 PADD 2 21 1,697,295 1.29 1 20 PADD 3 45 3,521,434 0.95 10 35 PADD 4 11 231,461 1.55 0 11 PADDS 19 398,661 1.41 7 12 total U.S. 110 7,009,410 1.05 22 88 Table 5 Reported Data by PADD for 2011 area # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% PADD1 14 1,231,487 0.68 8 6 PADD 2 21 1,866,053 0.72 11 10 PADD 3 45 4,195,310 0.57 31 14 PADD 4 11 255,526 1.00 5 6 PADDS 19 405,307 0.73 11 8 total U.S. 110 7,953,682 0.65 66 44 Table 6 Reported Data by PADD for 2015 area # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% PADD1 14 1,206,725 0.55 13 1 PADD 2 21 1,895,695 0.64 13 8 PADD 3 45 4,205,545 0.55 32 13 PADD 4 11 255,265 0.91 5 6 PADDS 19 405,307 0.69 11 8 total U.S. 110 7,968,537 0.59 74 36 Figure 3 illustrates the effect of the benzene standards on national average benzene levels from 2007 through 2015. Figure 3 also shows the volume-weighted contribution of each PADD to national average benzene concentration for each reported year. PADD 3 consistently has the greatest volume-weighted contribution because PADD 3 consistently produces the most gasoline of any PADD (even though PADD 3 has the lowest gasoline benzene concentrations among all PADDs from 2011 through 2015). Conversely, PADD 4 consistently has the smallest volume-weighted contribution ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data because PADD 4 consistently produces the least gasoline of any PADD (even though PADD 4 has the highest gasoline benzene concentrations among all PADDs in every reported year). Figure 3. PADD Contributions to National Average Benzene, 2007-2015 1.20 0. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year More detailed information for each PADD is shown below in Tables 7 through 16. ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data 1. PADD I2 Data for 14 reporting PADD 1 refineries is summarized below in Tables 7 and 8. PADD 1 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases from 0.80 vol% in 2007 to 0.68 vol% in 2011, as the number of refineries producing gasoline containing 0.62 vol% benzene or less increases from 4 to 8. PADD 1 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases further to 0.55 vol% by 2015, as 2 more refineries reduce their gasoline benzene concentration to 0.62 vol% or less. Projected gasoline production also increases slightly from 2007 to 2015, by 46 thousand bbls/day. Table 7 Reported Data for PADD 1, 2007-2010 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2007 14 1,160,559 0.80 4 10 2008 14 1,212,887 0.85 5 9 2009 14 1,218,671 0.82 5 9 2010 14 1,224,865 0.81 5 9 Table 8 Reported Data for PADD 1, 2011-2015 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2011 14 1,231,487 0.68 8 6 2012 14 1,231,487 0.58 10 4 2013 14 1,206,725 0.56 11 3 2014 14 1,206,725 0.56 11 3 2015 14 1,206,725 0.55 13 1 2 These tables do not include imported gasoline, gasoline produced by small refiners, gasoline exported outside the U. S., and gasoline produced by transmix processors. 10 ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data 2. PADD 23 Data for 21 reporting PADD 2 refineries is summarized below in Tables 9 and 10. PADD 2 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases from 1.29 vol% in 2007 to 0.72 vol% in 2011, as the number of refineries producing gasoline containing 0.62 vol% benzene or less increases from 1 to 11. PADD 2 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases further to 0.64 vol% by 2015, as 2 more refineries reduce their gasoline benzene concentration to 0.62 vol% or less. Projected gasoline production also increases moderately from 2007 to 2015, by 200 thousand bbls/day. Table 9 Reported Data for PADD 2, 2007-2010 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2007 21 1,697,295 1.29 1 20 2008 21 1,750,086 1.29 1 20 2009 21 1,802,617 1.28 1 20 2010 21 1,825,587 1.25 1 20 Table 10 Reported Data for PADD 2, 2011-2015 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2011 21 1,866,053 0.72 11 10 2012 21 1,871,815 0.66 12 9 2013 21 1,900,405 0.64 13 8 2014 21 1,887,128 0.64 13 8 2015 21 1,895,695 0.64 13 8 3 These tables do not include imported gasoline, gasoline produced by small refiners, gasoline exported outside the U. S., and gasoline produced by transmix processors. 11 ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data 3. PADD 34 Data for 44 reporting PADD 3 refineries is summarized below in Tables 11 and 12. PADD 3 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases from 0.95 vol% in 2007 to 0.57 vol% in 2011, as the number of refineries producing gasoline containing 0.62 vol% benzene or less increases from 10 to 30. PADD 3 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases further to 0.55 vol% by 2015, as 1 more refinery reduces its gasoline benzene concentration to 0.62 vol% or less. Projected gasoline production also increases significantly from 2007 to 2015, by 683 thousand bbls/day. Table 11 Reported Data for PADD 3, 2007-2010 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2007 45 3,521,434 0.95 10 35 2008 45 3,691,742 0.96 11 34 2009 45 3,831,826 0.95 11 34 2010 45 3,964,707 0.94 13 32 Table 12 Reported Data for PADD 3, 2011-2015 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2011 45 4,195,310 0.57 31 14 2012 45 4,203,037 0.56 31 14 2013 45 4,199,192 0.55 32 13 2014 45 4,200,577 0.55 31 14 2015 45 4,205,545 0.55 32 13 4 These tables do not include imported gasoline, gasoline used in California, gasoline produced by small refiners, gasoline exported outside the U.S., and gasoline produced by transmix processors. 12 ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data 4. PADD 45 Data for 11 reporting PADD 4 refineries is summarized below in Tables 13 and 14. PADD 4 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases from 1.55 vol% in 2007 to 1.00 vol% in 2011, as the number of refineries producing gasoline containing 0.62 vol% benzene or less increases from 0 to 5. PADD 4 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases further to 0.91 vol% by 2015, as refineries further reduce their gasoline benzene concentration. Projected gasoline production also increases slightly from 2007 to 2015, by 24 thousand bbls/day. Table 13 Reported Data for PADD 4, 2007-2010 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2007 11 231,461 1.55 0 11 2008 11 248,451 1.67 0 11 2009 11 253,560 1.68 0 11 2010 11 258,958 1.68 0 11 Table 14 Reported Data for PADD 4, 2011-2015 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2011 11 255,526 1.00 5 6 2012 11 257,205 0.95 5 6 2013 11 256,566 0.91 5 6 2014 11 257,458 0.91 5 6 2015 11 255,265 0.91 5 6 5 These tables do not include imported gasoline, gasoline used in California, gasoline produced by small refiners, gasoline exported outside the U.S., and gasoline produced by transmix processors. 13 ------- IV. Gasoline Benzene Summary Data 5. PADD 56 Data for 19 reporting PADD 5 refineries is summarized below in Tables 15 and 16. PADD 5 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases from 1.41 vol% in 2007 to 0.73 vol% in 2011, as the number of refineries producing gasoline containing 0.62 vol% benzene or less increases from 7 to 11. PADD 5 average gasoline benzene concentration decreases further to 0.69 vol% by 2015, as refineries further reduce their gasoline benzene concentration. Projected gasoline production also increases slightly from 2007 to 2015, by 7 thousand bbls/day. Table 15 Reported Data for PADD 4, 2007-2010 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2007 19 398,661 1.41 7 12 2008 19 418,083 1.44 5 14 2009 19 417,071 1.43 5 14 2010 19 416,578 1.41 5 14 Table 16 Reported Data for PADD 4, 2011-2015 Year # reporting refineries Reported gasoline production, bbls/day Average benzene concentration, vol% # refineries with benzene < or = 0.62 vol% # refineries with benzene > 0.62 vol% 2011 19 405,307 0.73 11 19 2012 19 405,307 0.73 11 19 2013 19 405,307 0.69 11 19 2014 19 405,307 0.69 11 19 2015 19 405,307 0.69 11 19 6 These tables do not include imported gasoline, gasoline used in California, gasoline produced by small refiners, gasoline exported outside the U.S., and gasoline produced by transmix processors. 14 ------- |