Lime Manufacturing
United States
Proposed Rule: Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases
Under the proposed Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) rule, owners or
operators of facilities that manufacture lime (as defined below) would report emissions from
lime manufacturing processes and all other source categories located at the facility for which
methods are defined in the rule. Owners or operators would collect emission data; calculate
GHG emissions; and follow the specified procedures for quality assurance, missing data,
recordkeeping, and reporting.
How Is This Source Category Defined?
Under the proposal, the lime manufacturing source category consists of each kiln that produces a lime
product from limestone or dolomite by means of calcination.
What GHGs Would Be Reported?
The proposal calls for lime manufacturing facilities to report the following emissions:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) process emissions from calcination, reported for each lime kiln.
• CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CFL^ emissions from fuel combustion at each lime kiln
and any other other stationary combustion units by following the requirements of 40 CFR part 98,
subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources). The information sheet on general
stationary fuel combustion sources summarizes the proposal for calculating and reporting
emissions from these units.
In addition, each facility would report GHG emissions for any other source categories for which
calculation methods are provided in other subparts of the rule.
How Would GHG Emissions Be Calculated?
For CO2 emissions from kilns, the proposal calls for facilities to use one of two methods, as appropriate:
• Kilns with certain types of continuous emissions monitors (CEMS) in place would report using
the CEMS and follow the methodology of 40 CFR part 98, subpart C to report total CO2
emissions from calcination and fuel combustion. At other kilns, the use of CEMS would be
optional.
• Facilities without CEMS would calculate CO2 process emissions for each lime kiln using an
emission factor for each lime type, the mass of lime produced, a correction factor for
byproduct/waste products (such as lime kiln dust), and a default correction factor (0.97) for the
proportion of hydrated lime:
o Each emission factor would be determined monthly for each lime type for each kiln from
monthly measurements of the calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content of the lime
and stoichiometric ratios of CO2 to each oxide in the lime.
o The correction factor would be calculated for each lime type from the weight of the
byproducts/waste products not recycled to the kiln, the weight of lime produced at the
kiln, and monthly measurements of the fraction of original carbonate in the lime kiln
dust.
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o The mass of each lime type produced would be recorded on a monthly basis.
What Information Would Be Reported?
In addition to the information required by the General Provisions at 40 CFR 98.3(c), the proposal calls for
each lime manufacturing facility to report the following information for each kiln:
• Annual CO2 process emissions
• Annual lime production
• Annual lime production capacity
• All monthly emission factors
• Number of operating hours in calendar year
Facilities that use CEMS would also report the data specified in 40 CFR 98.34(d) of subpart C (General
Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).
For More Information
This series of information sheets is intended to assist reporting facilities/owners in understanding key
provisions of the proposed rule. However, these information sheets are not intended to be a substitution
for the rule. Visit EPA's Web site (www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html) for more
information, including the proposed preamble and rule and additional information sheets on specific
industries, or go to to access the rulemaking docket (EPA-HQ OAR-2008-0508).
For questions that cannot be answered through the Web site or docket, call 1-877-GHG-l 188.
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