Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That
Could Affect Agricultural Producers
June, 2007
Produced by the Environmental Protection Agency
Agricultural Counselor
Office of the Administrator
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 2
Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used
as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and regulations are often dynamic things, this information should not
be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting place to try to determine which regulations you or
your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common
to multiple sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply
after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers should check with their State and/or EPA
Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for
more complete information before engaging in specific practices.
This information is designed for use by agricultural producers, Federal and State regulators and third party information
providers who provide information and services to agricultural producers (also referred to here as farmers). Agricultural
producers include all producers of agricultural commodities [e.g., farms, concentrated animal or fish feeding operations,
forestry, and ranching].
This summary contains both regulatory and voluntary programs. The regulatory programs are those for which EPA has
federal compliance authority for. Many of the regulatory programs are implemented by States and may have State
compliance authority in addition to federal compliance authority. For the voluntary programs, EPA does not have federal
compliance authority but there may be State compliance authority. In addition, following the listings for several statutes
are "quick reference guides" for the statute arraying the information by program type (e.g., regulatory, voluntary), program
requirements (e.g., get and follow permit, follow label, use best management practices, etc.) and farming practice or type
of facility affected. Finally, in addition to authorities listed in this matrix, EPA has the cleanup enforcement authority under
several regulations to address contaminated sites, oil spills leaking underground storage tanks and imminent
endangerments to human health and the environment.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 3
Table of Contents
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Page 4
Clean Water Act (CWA) Pages 5 - 8
CWA/SDWA Quick Reference Chart Pages 9 -10
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Page 11
Food Quality Protection Act Page 11
Endangered Species Act (ESA) Page 12
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Page 12
FIFRA (pesticides) Quick Reference Chart Pages 12- 14
Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) Page 15
RCRA Quick Reference Chart Page 16
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA/Superfund) Page 17
CERCLA Quick Reference Chart Page 17
Clean Air Act (CAA) Pages 18-19
CAA Quick Reference Chart Pages 20 - 21
Emergency Planning & Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) Page 22
EPCRA Quick Reference Chart Page 23
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 4
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Object is to protect public health by establishing acceptable limits (Maximum Contaminant Limits - MCLs) or treatment
techniques for water used for human consumption that address contaminants that may have an adverse effect on human
health, and to prevent contamination of surface and ground sources of drinking water.
Requires provision of drinking water meeting regulations if a farm serves water through pipes or other constructed
conveyances to an average of 25 people, or more than 15 service connections, for more than 59 days/year. This may
primarily affect farmers with their own source of water (e.g., a well) that provides water for human consumption (e.g.
drinking, showering), although this may affect farmers who provide drinking water to workers as well. For the most part,
the primary impact will require farms to sample for microbioloqicals and nitrate based on a schedule established by the
applicable primacy agency (i.e., State or EPA Region).
Requires farmers with agricultural drainage wells (Class V) to furnish inventory information to the State. In general, a
regulated well is a hole which is deeper than it is wide and into which liquid waste or wastewater is injected. State could
require an individual well permit.
A farmer cannot inject any contaminant into an underground source of drinking water using a well if the contaminant may
cause a violation of any primary drinking water regulation or may adversely affect the health of persons. Underground
Injection Control
Voluntary Programs
States may establish a Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Program (CSGWPP) to protect an underground
source of drinking water. State may require installation of best management practices.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 5
Clean Water Act (CWA)
Objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters by addressing
point and nonpoint pollutions sources (NFS), providing assistance to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) to
improve wastewater treatment, and maintaining the integrity of wetlands.
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) - EPA's 2003 rule required all CAFOs to obtain a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. This requirement applies to operations that meet certain size (number of
animals) thresholds specified for each animal sector. EPA is in the process of revising the 2003 CAFO Rule in response
to the recent Waterkeeper court decision which required EPA to revise the regulations including the requirement that all
CAFOs need to apply for permits. Proposed Requirements: for CAFOs that discharge or propose to discharge - submit
Notice of Intent (NOI), Nutrient Management Plan (NMP) and meet permit conditions.
Animal Feeding Operations (AFOs) not required to obtain a NPDES permit may be regulated by state programs.
An aquatic animal production facility such as a hatchery or fish farm that discharges directly is a Concentrated Aquatic
Animal Production (CAAP) facility that requires a NPDES permit in certain circumstances. A pond, raceway or similar
structure raising cold water aquatic animals (e.g., trout, salmon) is a CAAP if it discharges at least 30 days per year
unless it produces less than 9,090 harvest weight kilograms (about 20,000 pounds) and feeds less than 2,272 kilograms
(approximately 5,000 Ibs) of food during the calendar month of maximum feeding. A pond, raceway or similar structure
raising warm water aquatic animals (e.g., catfish, sunfish, minnows) is a CAAP if discharges at least 30 days per year
unless it is a closed pond that discharges only during period of excess runoff or if it produces less than 45,454 harvest
weight kilograms (about 100,000 pounds) The EPA Regional Administrator (or State NPDES Program Director) may
also designate any aquatic animal production facility as a CAAP is it is determined that the facility is a significant
contributor of pollution to waters of the United States.
Reporting of oil discharges - Discharges of oil to waters of the United States is prohibited. A facility owner/operator must
report certain discharges of oil from the facility to the National Response Center (NRG). Certain discharges from NPDES
permitted sources are exempted.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 6
Clean Water Act (CWA) - Cont'd
Oil pollution prevention - A facility with a total oil storage capacity of more than 1,320 gallons in above-ground storage
where there is a reasonable likelihood that an oil spill could reach the waters of the US, must take steps to prevent oil
spills and prepare an oil Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan. EPA is in the process of modifying
SPCC requirements for small facilities, which may include farms.
A facility that handles 1,000,000 gallons or more of oil on-shore in above-ground storage or storage of 42,000 gallons or
more where transfers occur over water and such a facility meets certain harm criteria, must develop and submit to EPA a
Facility Response Plan for emergency response to oil spills. Not likely to apply to individual farms.
Wetlands - Clean Water Act section 404 establishes a permit program to regulate the discharge of dredged or fill
materials into the waters of the U.S., including wetlands. Activities exempted from regulation include those associated with
on-going, normal farming, forestry, and ranching practices. For example; plowing, seeding, cultivating, minor drainage
maintenance, harvesting, maintenance of serviceable structures (dams, dikes, levees, breakwaters, causeways and
bridge abutments or approaches, and transportation structures), and construction or maintenance of farm or stock ponds
or irrigation ditches, and farm or forest roads in accordance with best management practices. However, such activities are
not exempt if the discharge changes the use of the waters (e.g., brings a wetlands into agricultural production), impairs
the water's flow or circulation, or reduces the reach of the waters (e.g., converts an agricultural wetlands to a non-wetland
area).
Prior converted croplands are not waters of the U.S. under Clean Water Act section 404 and Swampbuster. NOTE:
Certified wetland determinations made by the Natural Resources Conservation Service for purposes of implementing the
wetland conservation (i.e., Swampbuster) provisions of the Food Security Act may not be valid for identifying the extent of
Army Corps of Engineers Clean Water Act jurisdiction on a particular site. A farmer should check with the local Corps of
Engineers office to verify whether ongoing or planned activities that will result in a discharge of dredged or fill material
into wetlands, or other waters of the U.S., are regulated under the Clean Water Act section 404 program. A separate
jurisdictional determination may be required by the Corps of Engineers. Likewise, jurisdictional determinations made by
the Corps of Engineers for Clean Water Act purposes may not be valid for complying with the Swampbuster provisions of
the Food Security Act. Thus, farmers should also check with the Natural Resources Conservation Service before clearing,
draining, or manipulating any wet areas on a farmer's land to make sure that benefits are maintained.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 7
Clean Water Act (CWA) -Cont'd
Voluntary Programs
Objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters by reducing point
and nonpoint sources of pollution, providing assistance to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) to improve
wastewater treatment, issuance of NPDES permits to assure that water quality standards are attained, and maintain the
integrity of wetlands.
States assist and encourage producers through a variety of programs (including, as appropriate, non-regulatory or
regulatory programs) to use best management practices designed to reduce or prevent pollution from nonpoint sources
migrating into waters.
States shall manage nonpoint source program to the extent possible on a watershed-by-watershed basis.
Wetlands - States (currently, Michigan and New Jersey) that have assumed authority of the Federal Clean Water Act
Section 404 regulatory program for most waters in their state (except navigable waters and other specified areas). In
these situations, Clean Water Act 404 actions are (in most cases) state actions. However, EPA retains Federal oversight
of these state-administered programs. While the state programs must be consistent with the requirements of the Clean
Water Act, they may have some procedural differences, and can be more stringent than the federal program.
Farms within one of the 21 designated "estuaries of national significance" can join a local management conference with
other stakeholders to identify major environmental problems and the steps necessary to remediate those problems. Steps
usually collected into a comprehensive conservation and management plan. Farms may be required by States to
implement best management practices to protect public water supplies, ensure an adequate habitat for fish and wildlife,
and allow recreational activities.
State has to identify impaired waters and establish Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for those waters at a level
necessary to implement the applicable water quality standards water quality standards. TMDLs are the sum of waste load
allocations for point sources and load allocations for nonpoint sources. Implementation of agricultural best management
practices in a watershed might be necessary to implement the load allocations.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 8
Clean Water Act (CWA) (Continued)
Voluntary Programs
Farms located within program boundaries covered by the Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, & Gulf of Mexico programs may
have additional requirements.
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
Controls sources of nonpoint pollution which impact coastal water quality.
States with voluntary coastal zone management programs must develop coastal nonpoint pollution control programs that
are in conformity with management measures published by EPA, and that include "enforceable policies and mechanisms
to implement the applicable requirements of the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program of the state." States that fail
to develop such conforming programs risk reduction in federal assistance. Farms located within the coastal zone may
have additional requirements under such State programs.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 9
CWA/SDWA QUICK REFERENCE CHART
Program Area
National Pollution Discharqe
Elimination System (NPDES)
- Concentrated Animal
Feedinq Operation Rule
NPDES - Water Related
Pesticides Rule
NPDES - Silviculture
NPDES - Concentrated
Aquatic Animal Production
(CAAP) facilities
NPDES - Biosolids
Wetlands
Underground Injection
Control
Program Type
Regulatory
Regulatory
Regulatory
Regulatory
Regulatory
Regulatory
Regulatory -
Authorization
by rule
Requirements of Farm
Permit required if meet specific
conditions.
No permit required
Permit required for specific forestry
activities
Permit required if meet specific
conditions
Federal permit generally not required,
but farms must directly meet
regulatory requirements for pollutant
limits, management practices,
operational standards, reporting and
other requirements.
Permit for non-exempt activities
Submit injection well inventory
information; must not endanger
underground sources of drinking
water
Type of Facility Applies To:
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations that
discharge or propose to discharge.
Irrigation ditches or other instances of pesticide
application on, over, or near water bodies.
Rock crushing, gravel washing, log sorting, and log
storage facilities
Flow through, recirculating, and net pen systems that:
(1) produce more than 9,090 harvest weight kilograms
(about 20,000 pounds of cold water fish (trout,
salmon); or (2) produce more than 45,454 harvest
weight kilograms (about 100,000 pounds) of warm
water fish (e.g., catfish, sunfish, minnows) and that
discharge either continuously or more than 30
days/year.
Anyone who land applies biosolids or who owns land
on which biosolids are land applied.
Discharges of dredqed or fill material into waters of
the U.S.; COE makes permit decisions and
iurisdictional determinations, with EPA oversiqht.
Farms operating injection well(s)
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 10
CWA/SDWA QUICK REFERENCE CHART - Cont'd
Program Area
Drinking Water Regulations
TMDLs for both Point and
Nonpoint sources
319 Nonpoint Source Grants
Oil Pollution Prevention
Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures (SPCC)
Facility Response Plan (FRP)
Program Type
Regulatory
Voluntary -
technical
assistance
Voluntary -
financial
assistance
Regulatory
Regulatory
Regulatory
Requirements of Farm
Total coliform, nitrate testing most
likely. Surface water source
would invoke other Non Drinking
Water regulations
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
and controls on any point sources
Apply, report
Report spills of oil that reach
waterways to the National
Response Center
Prepare and implement an SPCC
Plan
Prepare an FRP and submit to
EPA
Type of Facility Applies To:
Farms providing for human consumption (e.g.,
drinking, showering) from its own source to 25
people or through 15 service connections for
more than 59 days/year
Any on or near impaired water body
Grants may be used for any facility, although a
certain percentage of 319 funds are focused on
impaired waterbodies.
Any farm that has a discharge of oil that may
reach navigable waters or adjoining shoreline
Any farm facility with the total capacity to store
more than 1 320 gallons of any oil in above
ground storage or more than 42,000 gallons
below ground
Any farm/facility storing more than 1,000,000
gallons of oil in above ground storage or 42,000
gallons where transfers occur over water.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 11
Federal Insecticide. Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Requires all pesticides sold or distributed in the U.S. (including imports) to be registered by EPA, although unregistered
pesticides or pesticides registered for other uses can be used when approved by EPA and the State to address
emergencies and special local needs. Use of each registered pesticide must be consistent with use directions contained
on the label or labeling.
Labeling requirements control when and under what conditions pesticides can be applied, mixed, stored, loaded or used.
They also control when and under what conditions fields can be reentered after application and crops can be harvested.
Requirements are also imposed on container specifications and disposal.
Worker protection standards (WPS) designed to protect the occupational safety & health of agricultural workers &
pesticide handlers during and after pesticide usage. WPS requirements are an integral part of the pesticide's labeling, and
include information on restricted entry intervals after pesticide usage, personal protective equipment requirements, etc.
Certification and training regulations require pesticide applicators meet certain training requirements before they apply
pesticides labeled "for restricted use." The purpose is to assure proper application of the pesticide and to ensure that
restricted entry provisions protecting applicators and farm worker's health are met.
Food Quality Protection Act
Under the Federal Food Drug & Cosmetics Act (FFDCA), EPA establishes Maximum Residue Levels (tolerances) (MRL)
under FFDCA when registering a pesticide under FIFRA , food or feed residues which lack MRL, which have residues
which exceed MRL's are subject to seizure and the applicators or producers are subject to prosecution under FIFRA if
misuse is found.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 12
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Designed to protect endangered and threatened species from federally funded or directed activities (e.g., pesticide usage,
wetlands destruction).
Through use of FIFRA , mandatory limitations will be disseminated via pesticide labels and county specific bulletins.
Voluntary limitations on pesticide use to protect endangered and threatened species are conveyed through Interim
Pamphlets.
ESA could also affect forestry and other operations which could adversely affect the habitat of animals on the Endangered
Species list.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
Allows EPA to regulate new commercial chemicals prior to market entry and existing chemicals (1976) when they pose an
unreasonable risk to health or to the environment, and to regulate their distribution and use
Prohibits use of Polvchlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) transformers in areas that could affect food or feed. "A PCB Item poses
an exposure risk to food or feed if PCBs released in any way from the PCB Item have a potential pathway to human food
or animal feed. EPA considers human food or animal feed to include items regulated by US Department of Agriculture or
the Food and Drug Administration as human food or animal feed; this includes direct additives." Food or feed stored in
private homes excluded.
FIFRA (pesticides) QUICK REFERENCE CHART
Program Area
Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) -Pesticide
Label
Program Type. Legal Tool for Enforcement Action
Regulatory. Label (defines how a pesticide may be
used).
Requirement of Farm
Follow label instructions
to apply pesticide
legally.
Farming Practice
Affected
Crop and livestock
production practices that
involve pest control.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 13
FIFRA (pesticides) QUICK REFERENCE CHART - Cont'd
Program Area
Program Type. Legal Tool for
Enforcement Action
Requirement of Farm
Farming Practice Affected
Federal Food Drug &
Cosmetics Act (FFDCA)
- Maximum Pesticide
Residue levels
(pesticide tolerances in
foods)
Regulatory. Food and Drug
Administration is the enforcement Agency
for plant-based foods. USDA's Food
Safety Inspection Service enforces
pesticide tolerances for meat, poultry and
eggs.
Follow pesticide use
directions on label. Using
more than labeled rate
could result in pesticide
residues higher than
established tolerance level.
Foods that have illegal
residues can be impounded
by the enforcement agency.
Crops and livestock that have
pesticide residues.
Food Quality Protection
Act(FQPA) (amended
FIFRA & FFDCA in
1996)
Regulatory. Label. Reregistration and
tolerance reassessment of older
pesticides which may result in label
changes. Food use pesticides were
completed August, 2006. Non-food use
pesticides are scheduled to be done by
2008. Older pesticides will be
reevaluated on a regular basis through
the Registration Review process (see
below).
Follow label instructions.
Crop or livestock production
practices may be impacted by
label changes.
Worker Protection
Standard (WPS)
Regulatory. Label.
Label restrictions that
typically require protective
clothing and engineering
controls (ex: tractors with
enclosed cabs and air
recirculation systems).
Mixing, loading and application
of pesticides and any other farm
labor that involves exposure to
pesticides.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 14
FIFRA (pesticides) QUICK REFERENCE CHART - Cont'd
Program Area
Program Type. Legal Tool for
Enforcement Action
Requirement of Farm
Farming Practice Affected
Certification and training
regulations
Regulatory. FIFRA requirement.
Required training for
farmers and/or their
pesticide applicators that
use 'restricted use'
pesticides.
Pest control with the use of
'restricted use' pesticides.
Storage and Disposal
Regulatory. Label.
Follow label instructions for
storing and disposing of
pesticides and containers.
Storage and disposal of
pesticides and pesticide
containers.
Registration Review
Regulatory. Label. Periodic review of
pesticide data and uses to ensure safety
standards are met which may result in
label changes.
Follow label instructions.
Crop and livestock production
practices that require pest
control may be impacted by
label changes.
Public Participation
Policy
OPP voluntary policy.
Voluntary. Process for
farmers and other
stakeholders to participate
in reregistration process
before final decisions are
made by Agency.
Crop and livestock production
practices that require pest
control.
Endangered Species
Counterpart Regulation
and the EPA/Office of
Pesticide Programs
Endangered Species
Protection Program
Regulatory. Label and County Bulletins.
Farmer must follow label
requirements and county
bulletin requirements (if
available) to ensure
protection of endangered
species.
Crop and livestock production
that requires pest control on
farmland that has endangered
species habitat.
Note: EPA has finalized a rulemaking stating that pesticide applications in accordance with FIFRA on, over, or near
waters of the US do not require NPDES permits
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 15
Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA)
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulates municipal solid waste , and generators of hazardous waste
hazardous waste and the treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) of hazardous waste. RCRA also regulates the storage
in underground storage tanks underground storage tanks of petroleum and other regulated substances.
Waste pesticides disposed of on a farmer's own property in compliance with specified waste management requirements,
including the disposal instructions on the pesticide label, are not subject to the TSD facility standards. Even wastes that
exhibit one or more of the characteristics of a hazardous waste are exempt from regulation when the farmer triple rinses
each emptied pesticide container and disposes of the rinsate on his own farm in compliance with the disposal instructions
on the label. However, if the rinsate is characterized as "acute hazardous waste," some regulations may apply.
Additionally, if the pesticides have been recalled, some RCRA regulations may apply. Furthermore, disposal of
hazardous waste could subject farmers to hazardous waste generator requirements. Irrigation return flows are not solid
wastes. Farmers can dispose of non-hazardous waste (e.g. agricultural wastes including manure, crop residues returned
to the soil as fertilizers or soil conditioners; solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows) on their own property
unless prohibited by other State or local laws.
Underground Storage Tanks (USTs): Farm and residential USTs and their associated underground piping holding less
then 1,100 gallons of motor fuel for non-commercial purposes, tanks holding less than 110 gallons, tanks holding heating
oil used on the premises, septic tanks, and other listed tanks are excluded from regulations. Underground Storage Tanks
that are not excluded must meet regulations related to design, construction, installation, notification, monitoring, operating,
release detection, reporting to State or Federal regulatory agencies, owner record keeping, corrective action, closure and
financial responsibility. Underground Storage Tanks in service prior to December 22, 1998, had until December 22, 1998
to meet performance standards for new tanks, upgrading requirements for existing tanks or be taken out of service.
Used oil: Farmers who generate an average of 25 gallons or less per month of used oil from vehicles or machinery used
on the farm in a calendar year are exempt from used oil regulations. Farmers exceeding 25 gallons are required to store
the used oil in tanks meeting underground or above ground technical requirements and use transporters with EPA
authorization numbers for removal from the farm. Storage in unlined surface impoundments (defined as wider than they
are deep) is banned.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 16
RCRA QUICK REFERENCE CHART
Program Area
Program
Type
Requirements of Farm
Type of Facility Applies To:
Waste pesticides
Regulatory
Proper disposal of pesticide
hazardous wastes
Farms that dispose of pesticide residues and rinsates
off-site
Underground storage tanks
Regulatory
Meet design and technical
requirements; report to state;
recordkeeping; financial
responsibilities
Farms with underground storage tanks with a
capacity of more than 1,100 gallons of motor fuel.
Farm and residential USTs and their associated
underground piping holding less then 1,100 gallons of
motor fuel for non-commercial purposes, tanks
holding less than 110 gallons, tanks holding heating
oil used on the premises, septic tanks, and other
listed tanks are excluded from regulations.
Underground Storage Tanks that are not excluded
must meet regulations related to design, construction,
installation, notification, monitoring, operating,
release detection, reporting to State or Federal
regulatory agencies, owner record keeping,
corrective action, closure and financial responsibility.
Used oil
Regulatory
Meet storage and transport
technical requirements
Farms storing more than 25 gallons in underground
or above-ground tanks Farmers who generate an
average of 25 gallons or less per month of used oil
from vehicles or machinery used on the farm in a
calendar year are exempt from used oil regulations.
Farmers exceeding 25 gallons are required to store
the used oil in tanks meeting underground or above
ground technical requirements and use transporters
with EPA authorization numbers for removal from the
farm.
Subtitle C hazardous waste
Regulatory
Proper handling of listed and
characteristic hazardous
Farms that generate, transport, treat, store or
dispose of hazardous waste
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 17
Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA/Superfund)
CERCLA's goal is to provide for liability, compensation, cleanup and emergency response for hazardous substances
released into the environment and the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites.
Any person in charge of a "facility" (e.g., an agricultural establishment or agribusiness) must notify EPA's National
Response Center of any non-permitted releases of any CERCLA hazardous substances above threshold amounts.
Releases could be to any environmental media including atmosphere, soil, surface water, or groundwater.
Farmers should also work with their Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) to ensure that the LEPC has sufficient
information to respond should a local emergency occur. Notification under EPCRA may also be required.
This requirement does not apply to the application of a pesticide product registered under Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) or to the handling and storage of such a product by a farmer.
EPA can require farmers to conduct response actions to address actual or threatened releases of CERCLA hazardous
substances. This may include current or previous owners of the farm, or "persons" who arranged to have their
substances disposed of on the farm.
CERCLA QUICK REFERENCE CHART
Program Area
Program
Type
Requirements of Farm
Type of Facility Applies To:
Release reporting-
episodic or continuous
Regulatory
Report releases of hazardous
substances to the NRC
Any farm that has a release of a CERCLA
hazardous substance above a reportable
guantity (RQ)
Emergency response
Regulatory
Allow access to federal
responders; hire contractor(s) for
response/cleanup actions
Any farm handling CERCLA hazardous
substances that has had or currently has a threat
of a release that is determined to be an imminent
and substantial danger to public health or
welfare.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 18
Clean Air Act (CAA)
Objective is to protect human health, welfare, and the environment by maintaining and improving the quality of the air.
The degree to which ambient air emissions from farming practices are regulated is based in part on the requirements of
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and may vary depending on the air quality issues in that area. Visibility standards may
also apply through the SIP. Locations which are in air non-attainment areas for the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards are subject to more restrictions.
Particulate Matter (PM) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS): Some agricultural sources in PM10
nonattainment areas are impacted by PM10 standards to satisfy reasonably available control measures and control
technologies requirements. PM2.5 SIPs will be due no later than April 2008. In those SIPs, states will evaluate, on an
area by area basis, whether there is a need to regulate PM 2.5 or PM 2.5 precursors from ag related sources.
Ozone NAAQS: Some agricultural areas are already impacted by these standards which primarily deal with nitrogen
oxides (NOX) and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions. These have the potential to impact some animal
production practices and have potential to impact pesticide application practices. NOX emissions from stationary engines
could be impacted by these standards and the corollary implementation rules.
Additions to list of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs): The Administrator has the authority to list additional hazardous air
pollutants that may cause adverse health or environmental effects. The Agency has a petition to list Diesel Exhaust, and
an informal request to list hydrogen sulfide (H2S). If Diesel Exhaust were to be added to the list it could impact farm
equipment. Similarly, an H2S listing could have impacts on swine operations.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) for reciprocating internal combustion engines and
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for diesel engines and spark ignited engines. These rules could impact
some farms depending on how the agency defines farms and aggregates the emissions from them. Permits could be
required if certain air emission thresholds are exceeded.
Mobile sources : Producers are subject to various mobile source requirements, similar to other similar users/operators of
highway and off-road vehicles, engines, equipment, and fuel.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 19
Clean Air Act (CAA) - Cont'd
Title V permits: These rules could impact some farms depending on how the agency defines farms and aggregates the
emissions from them. Permits could be required if certain air emission thresholds are exceeded. Generally, sources that
are major under Section 112 , Section 302 , or Part D of title I are also considered major under title V and required to
obtain a title V permit. In addition, certain other sources, including certain area sources, are required to obtain permits
unless they are specifically exempted from title V applicability.
New Source Review (NSR) and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) : These rules could impact some farms
depending on how the agency defines farms and aggregates the emissions from them. Permits could be required if
certain air emission thresholds are exceeded. The applicable thresholds depend on the attainment status of the area in
which the farm is located. NSR and PSD air pollution control requirements (e.g., Best Available Control Technology
(BACT) and Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER)) could have a significant impact on ag operations. Guidance on
management practices will provide opportunities to address cross-media implications.
The Clean Air Act also seeks to prevent the accidental releases of listed and other extremely hazardous substances,
which includes anhydrous ammonia. Owners and operators of stationary sources producing, processing, handling, or
storing such substances must identify potential hazards, design and maintain a safe facility, and minimize the
consequences of accidental releases. Owners and operators must also comply with accident prevention regulations for
listed substances stored or used in excess of threshold quantities (e.g., 10,000 Ibs for anhydrous ammonia). There is a
limited exemption from the regulations when ammonia is directly held by a farmer for use as an agricultural nutrient.
The Asbestos National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) is intended to minimize the release
of asbestos fibers during activities involving the handling of asbestos. Accordingly, it specifies work practices to be
followed during renovations of buildings which contain a certain threshold amount of friable asbestos, and during
demolitions of all structures, installations, and facilities (except apartment buildings that have no more than four dwelling
units).
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 20
CAA QUICK REFERENCE CHART
Program Area
Program
Type
Requirements of Farm
Type of Facility Applies To:
Title V Permit
Regulatory
The source must apply for a
permit if aggregate of non-fugitive
emissions of any regulated
pollutant exceeds 100 tpy. Also,
generally, sources that are major
under Section 112, Section 302,
or Part D of title I are also
considered major under title V and
required to obtain a title V permit.
Any stationary source.
New Source Review /
Prevention of Significant
Deterioration permit
Regulatory
The source must apply for a
permit if aggregate of non-fugitive
emissions of any regulated
pollutant exceeds a certain
threshold amount depending on
the attainment/non-attainment
status of the area and on the
pollutant. This requirement
applies to new sources as well as
to major modifications of sources.
Any stationary source.
Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines
(Maximum Available
Control Technology
Subpart ZZZZ)
Regulatory
The engine must comply with this
regulation if it is located at a
facility whose emissions are at
least 10tpy of one HAP or 25tpy
of total HAP and if the engine
itself is at least 500 HP.
Stationary reciprocating internal combustion
engines
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 21
CAA QUICK REFERENCE CHART - Cont'd
Program Area
Program
Type
Requirements of Farm
Type of Facility Applies To:
General duty for chemical
accident prevention (2
page PDF fact sheet, 50.2
KB)
Regulatory
The owners and operators of
stationary sources (facility) that
handle any extremely hazardous
substance in any quantity have a
general duty to identify hazards,
design and operate a safe facility
and to prevent and/or mitigate
accidental releases
Agricultural nutrients when held by a farmer
excluded (ammonia)
Risk Management
Program and Plan (RMP)
Regulatory
The owners and operators of
stationary sources (facility) that
handle more than a threshold
quantity of certain toxic and/or
flammable substances must
implement a chemical accident
program and prepare and submit
a Risk Management Plan (RMP)
to EPA
Listed agricultural nutrients when held by a
farmer are excluded (e.g. ammonia); flammables
used as a fuel
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 22
Emergency Planning & Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
EPCRA establishes requirements for Federal, State and local governments, Indian Tribes and industry regarding
emergency planning and "Community Right-To-Know" reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals.
Requires businesses which store threshold amounts of chemicals subject to Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's Hazard Communication Standard to submit information (including Material Data Safety Sheets and
facility point of contact) or a chemical list of those chemicals to State and local authorities to facilitate emergency planning
and response. Annual reporting to State and local authorities required for all covered facilities having those chemicals
present at the facility in amounts above threshold.
Hazardous chemicals used in routine agricultural operations or a fertilizer held for resale by a retailer are excluded.
Businesses which produce, store or use "Extremely Hazardous Substances" or Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act hazardous substances report to Federal, State, and local authorities non-
permitted releases (unless it is a federally permitted release) of the Extremely Hazardous Substance at or above its
reportable quantity. Releases could be into the atmosphere, surface water or groundwater. Farmers should also work with
their local emergency planning committee (LEPC) to ensure that the LEPC has sufficient information to respond should a
local emergency occur.
Proper application of FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) regulated pesticide products as well as
handling and storage of these pesticide products by an agricultural producer are excluded.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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Summary of Major Existing EPA Laws and Programs That Could Affect Agricultural Producers - Page 23
EPCRA QUICK REFERENCE CHART
Program Area
Program
Type
Requirements of Farm
Type of Facility Applies To:
Emergency Planning &
Community Right to Know
Act (EPCRA)
Regulatory
Report inventory of certain
extremely hazardous substances
to State and local planning entities
Any farm handling more than a threshold
quantity of extremely hazardous substances or
substances requiring an Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) material safety
data sheet (MSDS)
Emergency release
reporting
Regulatory
Report releases of extremely
hazardous substances or
CERCLA hazardous substances
to state and local emergency
planning entities
Any farm that releases more than a reportable
quantity or more of an extremely hazardous
substance or a CERCLA hazardous substance.
This following matrix of information provides a succinct, general description of EPA's requirements, and should be used as a guide or compliance assistance tool. As rules and
regulations are often dynamic things, and contain many details not described here, this information should not be used as the final word but rather as a fairly comprehensive starting
place to try to determine which regulations you or your company may have to comply with or be aware of in the future. Programs applicable to the general public, common to multiple
sectors, manufacturers of food products, and retailers may not be included. Some requirements only apply after a threshold is reached [e.g., size, geographical location]. Readers
should check with their State and/or EPA Regional Office to determine which agency has responsibility for a specific program and to consult with that agency for more complete
information before engaging in specific practices. Also note that many States have similar requirements to EPA's but may be more stringent or broader in scope.
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