Environmental Justice

                                             Resource Guide
                                             A Handbook for Communities and Decision-Makers
                                                  i-

   EPA
Printed on 100% recycled paper, 50% post-

consumer content—process chlorine-free


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 2009-XXX-XXX
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                           Office  Contact Information
Deldi Reyes
Environmental Justice Program
Manager
reyes.deldi@epa.gov
(415)972-3795 "

Zoe Heller
Environmental Protection Specialist
heller.zoe@epa.gov
(415)972-3074

Karen Y. Henry, M.S.
Senior Environmental Scientist
henry.karen@epa.gov
(415)972-3844

Debbie Lowe Liang
Environmental Scientist
lowe.debbie@epa.gov
(415)947-4155

Sharon Murray
Environmental Protection Specialist
murray.sharon@epa.gov
(415)947-4250
                                    U.S. EPA Region 9's Environmental Justice
                                    Program (clockwise from top left: Karen Henry,
                                    Deldi Reyes, Sharon Murray, Zoe Heller, Debbie
                                    Lowe Liang).

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Tools and Resources
  Citizens Guide to the
  National Environmental
  Policy Act (NEPA)—a guide
  that explains NEPA, how it
  is implemented, and how
  people outside the federal
  government can better
  participate in environmental
  impact assessments.
  State Contacts
 Arizona
  California
www.nepa.gov/nepa/Citizens_Guide_Dec07.
pdf
Henry Darwin
Arizona Department of
Environmental Quality
(602)771-2328
darwin.henry@azdeq.gov

Malinda Dumisani
California Environmental
Protection Agency
(916)445-9480
EnvJustice@calepa.ca.gov
  Hawaii
Maile Sakamoto
Hawaii Department of Health
(808) 586-4344
maile.sakamoto@doh.hawaii.gov
  Nevada
Jim Najima
Nevada Division of
Environmental Protection
(775) 687-9484
jnajima@ndep.nv.gov
Tansey Smith
Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada
(775) 687-9483
tsmith@ndep.nv.gov

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Locations of Projects Highlighted in this Guide
                                                                                        Community Guide to
                                                                                        Recognizing and Reporting
                                                                                        Pesticide Problems
                                                                                        In Your Home
                                                                                        The Inside Story: A Guide to
                                                                                        Indoor Air Quality

                                                                                        A Citizen's Guide to Radon:
                                                                                        The Guide to Protecting
                                                                                        Yourself and Your Family
                                                                                        from Radon

                                                                                        Lead in Your Home: A
                                                                                        Parent's Reference Guide
                                                                                        Testing Your Home for Lead
www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/dept/comguide
Contact: Veda Federighi, (916) 445-3974
www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.html
Monique Nivolon, (415) 947-4195

www.epa.gov/radon/pubs/citguide.html
(English and Spanish)
Monique Nivolon (415) 947-4195

www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadrev.pdf
Contact: Marjorie Xavier, (415)947-4164

www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadtest.pdf
Contact: Marjorie Xavier, (415)947-4164
                                                                                        Environmental Enforcement
                                                                                        Report environmental
                                                                                        violations or spills

                                                                                        General information, tips,
                                                                                        or complaints
                                                                                        Other Resources
                                                                                        From exposure to illness:
                                                                                        Community Health Studies
                                                                                        and Environmental
                                                                                        Contamination—sharing the
                                                                                        experience and perspective of
                                                                                        public health staff who study
                                                                                        links between environmental
                                                                                        exposure to chemicals and
                                                                                        health effects.
www.epa.gov/epahome/violations.htm
(800)300-2193


Eileen Boken, (415) 972-3757 or (866) ERA-WEST
www.communityhealthstudies.com

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Tools and  Resources
                                                                                                 Table  of  Contents
  Community Based
  Air Toxics Projects—
  descriptions of community-
  based air toxics projects
  designed to assess
  and address health and
  environmental issues at the
  local level.

  Improving Air Quality in
  Your Community—activities
  for reducing both indoor and
  outdoor pollution, information
  about costs, and how local
  communities can apply for
  EPA grants to kick-start their
  activities.
  Pesticide Resources
  California Department
  of Pesticide Regulation
  fact sheets—consumer
  information about pesticides,
  their labels, safe use, and what
  to do in an emergency.

  Using Pesticides Safely—
  fact sheets for consumers

  Citizen's Guide to Pest
  Control and Pesticide
  Safety
  National Pesticide
  Information Center-
  objective, science-based
  information about pesticides
  and pesticide-related topics
www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community
                                                        Purpose of This Guide
www.epa.gov/air/community
                                                        Successes and Highlights
                                                                   6
www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/dept/factshts/
factmenu.htm
www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/dept/factshts/
factspanish.htm (en espahol)
www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/safely.htm
Contact: (415) 947-8704

www.epa.gov/oppfead1/Publications/Cit_
Guide/citguide.pdf
Contact: (415) 947-8704
www.npic.orst.edu
Contact: (800) 858-7378
Funding Sources for Communities
23
Tools and Resources
30
Office of Environmental Justice, Region 9
Contact Information

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"We must take special pains to connect
with those who have been historically
underrepresented in EPA decision making,
including the disenfranchised in our cities
and rural areas, communities of color, native
Americans, people disproportionately
impacted by pollution, and small businesses,
cities and towns working to meet their
environmental responsibilities...  [T]hey
deserve an EPA with an open mind, a big
heart and a willingness to  listen ... As
we meet these challenges, we  must be
sensitive to the burdens pollution has placed
on vulnerable subpopulations,  including
children, the elderly, the poor and all others
who are at particular risk to threats to health
and the environment. We must seek their full
partnership in the greater aim of identifying
and eliminating the sources of pollution in
their neighborhoods, schools and homes."
                   — Lisa Jackson, U.S. EPA Administrator
                   Memo to EPA Employees, January 23, 2009
EJ and Air Pollution: Best
Practices in Collaboration,
Tools, and Resources—
handouts and presentation
materials from the September
2007 meeting
www.epa.gov/air/ej/conf2007.html
Contact: Ingrid Ward, (919)541-0300
Environmental Justice
Resources from EPA's
Office of Air and Radiation
www.epa.gov/air/ej/
Contact: Tom Link, (919) 541-5456
Community Health Air
Pollution Information
System (CHAPIS)-an
Internet-based mapping tool
that allows you to look at a
map to view sources of air
pollution.

Strategies for Addressing
Asthma within a
Coordinated School Health
Program
Managing Asthma in the
School Environment
www.arb.ca.gov/ch/chapis1/chapis1.htm
Contact: (866) 397-5462
www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/Asthma/
strategies.htm
Contact: Barbara Spark, (415) 947-4189

www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/managingasthma.
html
Contact: Barbara Spark, (415) 947-4189
Resources for Addressing
Asthma in Schools
www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/Asthma/pdf/
pubs-links.pdf
Contact: Barbara Spark, (415) 947-4189
Collision Repair
Campaign—a campaign
to address health threats by
drastically reducing auto body
repair shop emissions at the
national level.
www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community/
collision.html

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Tools  and  Resources
  California Department of
  Toxic Substance Control
  Environmental Justice
  Community Outreach—fact
  sheets in English and Spanish

  EPA's Brownfields and
  Land Revitalization
  Program—working to clean
  up and redevelop potentially
  contaminated lands, making
  it easier for such lands to
  become vital, functioning parts
  of their communities.
  Air Quality Resources
  Let's Clear the Air-A Public
  Participation Guide to Air
  Quality Decision Making in
  California
  California Air Resources
  Board's (CARB) community
  health program—tools to
  better understand the air we
  breathe and what CARB is
  doing to reduce air pollution.

  Air Quality and Land Use
  Handbook: A Community
  Health Perspective
www.dtsc.ca.gov/Getlnvolved/upload/EJ_
Community_Outreach.pdf (English)
www.dtsc.ca.gov/Getlnvolved/upload/EJ_
FactSheet_Span.pdf (en espahol)
www.epa.gov/brownfields
www.arb.ca.gov/ch/public_participation_
guide.pdf
www.arb.ca.gov/ch/spanish_docs/ppg_
spanish.pdf
(en espahol)
Contact: (866) 397-5462
www.arb.ca.gov/ch/ch.htm
www.arb.ca.gov/ch/espafiol.htm (en espahol)
Contact: (866) 397-5462


www.arb.ca.gov/ch/handbook.pdf
Contact: (866) 397-5462
  EPA's Plain English Guide
  to the Clean Air Act—a
  summary covering some
  important provisions of the
  law.
www.epa.gov/air/caa/peg/
                                                                                                Purpose of this Guide
Minority and low-income communities
are often  disproportionately  exposed
to environmental harm and risks. EPA
has programs and projects to protect
these communities from adverse effects
on human health and the environment.
The Agency is  committed to the fair
treatment  of these communities. This
includes the opportunity to participate
meaningfully in the development, imple-
mentation  and enforcement of environ-
mental  laws, regulations, and policies.
This participation requires access to the
wide variety of resources available from
EPA.
In light of  this  commitment,  EPA's
Pacific  Southwest Regional Office  has
developed this  Resource Guide as a
tool for individuals,  non-governmental
organizations, community groups, and
local officials. The  goal  is to provide
information and access to EPA's fund-
ing sources, training opportunities, and
technical and  program assistance. The
guide  highlights  recent  successes  in
communities affected by environmental
injustices and references some of the
tools these communities have used  to
achieve results.
This publication will also help organiza-
tions,  agencies,  and academics  who
work with Environmental Justice (EJ)
communities to recognize opportunities
to help their constituents.

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Successes and Highlights
EPA is committed to working in partnership with EJ communities to protect public
health and the environment, to build capacity for long-term community-based lead-
ership, and to learn new ways to support EJ.  In addition to the lists of resources
in this document, these stories provide examples of what we can accomplish to-
gether. We hope these examples can stimulate dialogue about future opportunities
to collaborate.


Collaboratives
Solutions to EJ problems often require action by many different parties, including the
diverse resources that other government agencies have to offer. EPA has supported
community-based efforts to bring key partners together, using inclusive processes to
agree on priorities and take action. In addition to reducing exposure to environmental
burdens, these collaboratives enable  communities to  develop powerful leadership
that can  have positive benefits for years to come.


Grants and  Cooperative  Agreements
EPA supports community-based leaders through funding from  programs such as
EJ grants,  Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE), Indoor Air (Open
Airways, Tools for Schools), Brownfields (assessment, training,  and cleanup), and
others. The Agency has distributed over $31 million in EJ grants alone nationwide
since the program began.


Capacity Building & Technical Assistance
EJ communities and the agencies that serve them often have less access to technical
resources that could help them. EPA can provide information and cleanup support to
reduce people's exposure  to pollution  and toxics, and to help affected communities
have meaningful involvement in decision making.


Enforcement
EPA's enforcement programs may use EJ-related demographic information to target
its inspections in areas where EJ communities could be most  heavily affected by pol-
lution and toxics.
                                                                                        Grant and Funding Tools
Grants.gov—find and apply
for federal government grants.

U.S. EPA Grants—funding
opportunities, information on
how to apply, new recipient
training, and more.

U.S. EPA Region 9
Requests for Proposals

Environmental Justice
Grants

West Coast Collaborative
Diesel Emissions
Reductions—Current funding
opportunities
www.grants.gov
Contact Center: (800) 518-4726

www.epa.gov/ogd/
Grants and Interagency Agreements Program:
(202)564-5315


www.epa.gov/region09/funding/rfps.html
www.epa.
gov/oecaerth/environmentaljustice/grants
www.westcoastdiesel.org/grants.htm
Toxics and Hazardous Waste Resources
Technical Assistance
Services for Communities
(TASC)—a program to provide
educational and technical
assistance to communities
affected by hazardous
waste sites regulated by the
Superfund and Resource
Conservation Recovery Act
(RCRA) programs.
www.epa.gov/superfund/community/tasc
Contact: Luis Garcia-Bakarich, (415) 972-3237
garcia-bakarich.luis@epa.gov
EPA's Toxics Release
Inventory—information on
toxic chemical releases and
waste management activities
reported annually by certain
industries
www.epa.gov/tri
Contact: Nancy Levin, (415) 972-3848
levin.nancy@epa.gov

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Tools  and Resources
  Environmental Justice Materials
                                                                                                                 Collaboratives
  Environmental Justice
  Small Grants: Emerging
  Tools for Local Problem-
  Solving—a snapshot of 71
  small grants awarded
  EPA's Environmental
  Justice Biennial Reports
  and Project Reports
  A Citizen's Guide to Using
  Federal Environmental
  Laws to Secure
  Environmental Justice

  Environmental Justice: The
  Power of Partnerships—The
  Collaborative Problem-Solving
  Model at Work in Spartanburg,
  South Carolina (A DVD
  Documentary)

  Communities and
  Environmental Laws (DVD)

  Working With Lawyers:
  A Guide for Community
  Residents and
  Environmental Justice
  Activists
  Community Guide to EPA's
  Voluntary Programs
www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/
publications/ej/grants/ej_smgrants_
emerging_tools_2nd_edition.pdf
Contact: EPA's Office of Environmental Justice,
(800)962-6215

www.epa.gov/compliance/
environmentaljustice/grants/ej-smgrants.
html
Contact: EPA's Office of Environmental Justice,
(800)962-6215

To purchase a copy, visit www.elistore.org/
A limited number of free copies are available by
calling Sharon Murray, EPA, (415) 947-4250


To obtain a copy, visit www.epa.gov/
compliance/resources/publications/ej/ejcps-
dvd.html
Contact: EPA's Office of Environmental Justice,
(800)962-6215

To order a copy, call (800) 490-9198 or go to
www.epa.gov/ncepi/ordering.htm
(Search for EPA Publication # 300C04001)
To download or order a free copy in English or
Spanish, visit: www.elistore.org
www.epa.gov/care/library/guide_vol_progs_
2008.pdf
Contact: Mike Bandrowski, (415) 947-4194
West Oakland Toxic Reduction
Collaborative
THE   COMMUNITY:   West   Oakland,
California,  is a low-income community
of 25,000 people, and  approximately
90% are people of color. Since  recov-
ering from  the 1989 Loma Prieta earth-
quake, the community has been on a
trajectory of redevelopment.  Freeways
entirely  surround the four-square mile
community, which  is adjacent to the
Port of Oakland, the fourth largest con-
tainer port in the United States. Traffic
from the port is projected to substan-
tially  increase by 2020, with commen-
surate increases in diesel emissions.
Asthma rates here are already the high-
est in the county. Despite the economic,
environmental,  and social challenges,
the community has a culture of involve-
ment and activism.
THE COLLABORATION: West Oakland is
collaborating with EPA in several ca-
pacities to improve outdoor and  indoor
air quality  and reduce  future environ-
Margaret Gordon, local EJ leader and
Collaborative co-chair, is the first-ever
environmental health expert and neighboring
community member to sit on the Port
Commission. She said that based on her
experience in the collaborative with EPA and
other agencies, "I can help the commission
understand these agencies' concerns so that
the commission can meet these environmental
and health standards."

mental risk. In 2005, the community, by
way of the West Oakland Environmental
Indicators Project (WOEIP), along with
EPA, launched the West Oakland Toxic
Reduction Collaborative (WOTRC) to re-
duce residents' exposure to toxics from
diesel truck pollution, land use,  brown-
fields hazardous waste sites, and ports.

The collaborative, EPA  Region 9's  EJ
Program, and 18 community organiza-
tions have also worked in partnership
to create the Healthy Homes/Indoor Air
                                                                                          Port of Oakland

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Successes and  Highlights
Collaboratives, cont.

(HHIA) group. The group used a com-
prehensive healthy homes checklist to
train 15 community members, who in-
spected 95 of the community's homes.
It also trained 60 local residents, plan-
ners,  public health officials, and others
to incorporate health concerns in land
use planning.
THE RESULTS: The collaborative's efforts
have  been  instrumental  in  gaining  a
commitment from the Port of Oakland to
reduce risk from  port-related  diesel  pol-
lutants by 85% by 2020 and in support-
ing cleanup of the fleet of 2000 heavy
duty trucks serving the port. The HHIA
group's  in-home  inspections  helped
families reduce sources of lead  and in-
door air pollution. As a result of the land
use planning training, four local devel-
opers agreed to  work with the partners
to develop Health Impact Assessments
for their projects, which led to voluntary
efforts to improve indoor air quality,  use
green building practices, and hire local
workers.
THE  RESOURCES:  The  collaborative's
successes have  built long-term  capac-
ity, enabling the  group to leverage  ap-
proximately  $400,000  in  new grants
from the San Francisco Foundation  and
EPA's EJ  Collaborative Problem  Solving
(GPS) and Community Action for a
Renewed Environment (CARE) (page
23) programs.
                                                          Targeted Grants to Reduce
                                                          Childhood Lead Poisoning
   Torres Martinez:
   Contaminated Valley
   In 2006, students from the Desert
   Mirage High School in Coachella
   Valley produced the documentary film
   Contaminated Valley and a public
   service announcement on the dangers of
   burning pesticide-treated grape stakes, a
   common practice on the Torres Martinez
   Reservation. The students received EPA
   Region 9's Environmental Leadership
   Award because they raised awareness
   about the health and environmental
   dangers of illegally burning and dumping
   garbage.
                                ^H
Torres Martinez Collaborative
THE  COMMUNITY: The Torres Martinez
Desert Cahuilla Indian Community en-
compasses approximately 24,000 acres
of the Coachella Valley in California's
eastern Riverside County and northern
Imperial County. Approximately 12,000
residents live on the reservation, includ-
ing approximately 250 tribal members.
The  community's  proximity to  illegal
dumps, and exposure to toxins released
by frequent dump fires, has severely af-
fected the health of many residents.
THE COLLABORATION: Twenty-five feder-
al, state, and  local agencies, the Torres
Martinez Tribal  Government, and  non-
profit organizations have come together
to form the Torres Martinez Solid Waste
To conduct activities designed to
reduce childhood lead poisoning in
vulnerable  populations.
State, local governments, US
commonwealth and territorial
governments; federally-recognized
tribes and tribal consortia, nonprofit
organizations, private and state-
controlled institutions of higher
learning, and nonprofit organizations
having 501 (c)(3) status.
$25,000-$100,000
David Tomsovic
U.S. EPA Region 9
Toxics Office


(415)972-3858
tomsovic.david@epa.gov
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/grantmap.
htm
                                         Wetlands Protection Grants
To assist state, tribal and local government
wetlands protection efforts under Section
104(b)(3) of the Clean Water Act. Funds
can be used to develop new wetlands
protection programs or refine existing
protection programs.  Funds cannot
be used to fund operational support of
wetland programs.
                                                                                          State and tribal agencies, local
                                                                                          governments, and conservation districts.
Varies
Suzanne Marr
U.S. EPA Region 9
Water Division

(415)972-3468
marr.suzanne@epa.gov
www.epa.
gov/owow/wetlands/grantguidelines

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Funding  Sources for Communities
                 Source Reduction Assistance
              To support source reduction and/or
              pollution prevention projects that
              will provide an overall benefit to the
              environment by preventing pollutants
              at the source.
                                                  .
                                                 Assistance Grants (TAGs)
                                  To enable communities
                                  affected by a site on the
                                  Superfund National Priorities
                                  List (NPL) to obtain technical
                                  assistance in interpreting
                                  information regarding the site.
   ELIGIBLE
  APPLICAMTS
States, U.S. territories, federally-
recognized tribes, local governments,
independent school district
governments, state-controlled
institutions of higher education,
nonprofits having a 501 (c)(3) status,
and private institutions of higher
education.
Groups must be located near
or affected by a site that is
either proposed for or on
the National Priorities List.
Groups must incorporate as
nonprofit organizations.
    AWARD
   AMOUNT
              Typically $25,000-$75,000
                                  Up to $50,000 initially; in
                                  the case of complex sites,
                                  additional funds may be
                                  available
   CONTACT
   PERSON &
  EPA OFFICE/
   DIVISION
John Katz
U.S. EPA Region 9
Pollution Prevention Team
Dana Barton
U.S. EPA Region 9
Superfund Division
   CONTACT
 INFORMATION
(415)972-3283
katz.john@epa.gov
              www.epa.
              gov/oppt/p2home/pubs/grants
(415)972-3245
barton.dana@epa.gov
                                  www.epa.gov/superfund/
                                  community/tag
Collaborative, with the goal of cleaning
up and preventing illegal dumping on
the reservation in Thermal, California.
THE RESULTS: Since its inception in April,
2006, the collaborative has closed all of
the 27 major dumps and  successfully
prevented the creation of  new dumps
on the reservation. Dump fires have
been eliminated. The collaborative has
also  cleaned up more  than 20 of  the
original dumps and prevented additional
dumping by preventing vehicle access
to the sites.
EPA  has succeeded in  cleaning up a
25-acre dumpsite, removing 100 tons of
pesticide-treated grape stakes dumped
200 yards from a school, and complet-
ing enforcement agreements with two
trailer park  operators for  solid waste
violations. The companies paid over
$12,000 in penalties and agreed to pro-
vide  community-wide  cleanup events,
implement a solid waste management
program, and distribute fact sheets to all
households in the trailer parks informing
them of how and where to dispose of
wastes.
The collaborative's Outreach Taskforce
distributed more than 500 posters and
flyers  promoting proper recycling and
waste disposal  habits to cities, stores,
growers,  haulers and  landscapers in
the Coachella Valley. Members of  the
taskforce participated in a Trashbusters
community-wide  cleanup   event   in
October, 2007.
THE  RESOURCES:   The  collaborative
funded these successes by  leveraging
$2 million from the California  Integrated
Solid Waste Management Board (www.
ciwmb.ca.gov/grants or (916) 341-
6000).  The collaborative has also initi-
ated targeted  brownfields assess-
ments (page 23) to facilitate productive
reuse of former dump sites.
                                                                                            Road in Torres Martinez Reservation before
                                                                                            cleanup.
                                                                                                                     Road in Torres Martinez Reservation after
                                                                                                                     cleanup.

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Successes  and  Highlights
Grants and Cooperative Agreements
Reducing Toxics in Pacoima, CA
through EPA Grants
THE COMMUNITY: Pacoima, in the north-
east section of California's San Fernando
Valley, is a Los Angeles community with
a mostly Latino population. Residents
are affected by pollution from freeways,
a railroad line, an airport, and more than
300 industrial facilities.
THE RESOURCES: Pacoima added 243
homes to  its newly created Lead-Free
Homes registry and enlisted 205 resi-
dents to identify and reduce local tox-
ics with the support of an Environmental
Justice Collaborative  Problem  Solving
grant  from EPA. The  grant recipient,
Pacoima  Beautiful,  partnered  with
and  received  aid  from  Los  Angeles
Neighborhood   Housing  Services  to
conduct lead paint remediation at  18
homes.
With a Level I Community Action for
a  Renewed  Environment  (CARE)
grant  (page  23),  Pacoima  Beautiful
convened  over 320  community  resi-
dents,  partners, and stakeholders  to
review data and information on toxic
sources gathered in the community.  As
a result, the community secured a Level
II CARE grant (page 23) for $300,000
to address two of the identified commu-
nity priorities: small pollution sources in
a targeted area of Pacoima and diesel
emissions from trucks and school bus-
es throughout the community
"Through programs that provide education,
advocacy and local leadership, our aim is to
improve the lives of the residents of Pacoima."
— Nury Martinez, Executive Director, Pacoima
Beautiful

THE RESULTS: Pacoima anticipates sig-
nificant  health  improvements  through
reduced emissions,  reduced resource
use,  and increased use of sustainable
products.  The  community  will achieve
these environmental and health improve-
ments by  implementing  environmental
Best  Management Practices and pro-
viding additional education about toxics
and risk mitigation.

For more  information,  see www.pa-
coimabeautiful.org, 11243 Glenoaks
Blvd.,  Suite   1, Pacoima,  California
91331. Phone: (818) 899-2454.
                                                       Pollution Prevention Incentives
                                                          (PPIS) for States/Tribes
                                                    To build and support state pollution
                                                    prevention (P2) capabilities and to
                                                    test, at the state level, innovative
                                                    pollution prevention approaches and
                                                    methodologies.
State agencies, federally-recognized
tribes, territories and possessions.
States are encouraged to form
partnerships with other P2 providers.
Up to $200,000 per grant
Jessica Counts-Arnold
U.S. EPA Region 9
Region 9 P2 Team
(415)972-3288
counts-arnold.jessica@epa.gov
www.epa.gov/oppt/p2home/pubs/
grants/ppis/ppis. htm
                                    Solid Waste Assistance Grants/Tribal
                                            Solid Waste Grants
                                          (Resource Conservation)
                                   To fund cooperative agreements that
                                   promote recycling, solid waste reduction,
                                   and energy conservation through source
                                   reduction, product stewardship, reuse and
                                   composting, market development and job
                                   creation, education and outreach, or the
                                   procurement of postconsumer recycled
                                   content products.
States, tribes, territories, multi-state/
tribal organizations, universities,
local governments and not-for-profit
organizations.
$30,000-$60,000 in cooperative
agreement funds
Saskia Van Gendt
U.S. EPA Region 9
Solid Waste Team
(415)947-4103
vangendt.saskia@epa.gov
www.epa.gov/region09/funding/rcra.
html

-------
Funding  Sources for Communities
    GRANT
   PROGRAM
   ELIGIBLE
  APPLICANTS
       Nonpoint Source
    Water Pollution Control
              Established under Section 319 of
              the federal Clean Water Act, these
              funds are for implementation of
              state nonpoint source pollution
              control programs. Each state
              "passes through" a portion of
              these funds to other entities for
              specific nonpoint source pollution
              management practices.
Public and private entities including
nonprofits, local state governments,
tribes, special districts, educational
institutions, and government
agencies. State water quality
agencies distribute the applications.
  Pesticide Environmental
   Stewardship Program
         (PESP)
                               To provide funds for research,
                               education, and demonstration
                               to reduce risk and use of
                               pesticides, in both agricultural
                               and non-agricultural settings.
States, territories, federally-
recognized tribes and any
agency or instrumentality
of a state including state
universities and some
commodities groups.
    AWARD
   AMOUNT
Variable. Past awards range from
$20,000 to $300,000
Usually up to $47,000 per
project
   CONTACT
   PERSON &
  EPA OFFICE/
   DIVISION
Audrey Shileikis
U.S. EPA Region 9
Water Division
Cindy Wire
U.S. EPA Region 9
Agriculture Initiative
   CONTACT
 INFORMATION
(415)972-3459
shileikis.audrey@epa.gov
(415)947-4242
wire.cine
              www.epa.gov/owow/nps/cwact.
              html
                               www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/
                               pesp/regional_grants.htm
Brownfields Job Training Grant:
Long Beach, CA
THE COMMUNITY: Long Beach, California,
is home to the second busiest port in
the nation. With a 67% minority popu-
lation, the city ranks sixth among large
U.S. cities with the highest poverty rate.
Since 2000,  employment has steadily
declined in  the  city's  population  of
450,000. Major environmental health
issues  for  the  community include air
pollution from port, soil and stormwater
contamination,  aquifer  contamination
from  contaminated groundwater migra-
tion, and childhood asthma.
THE  RESOURCES:  For more  than  ten
years,  EPA's  Brownfields Job Training
Program has transformed the lives of
those living in  brownfields  communi-
ties. The program produces the skilled
environmental technicians  needed  to
clean up brownfields, creating jobs and
spurring local economic development.
To date, more than 4,000 trainees have
graduated from  the programs funded by
EPA's Brownfields Job Training grants.
The  City  of  Long  Beach's  Pacific
Gateway Workforce Investment Alliance
was awarded a $200,000 Brownfields
Job Training Grant (page 23) in 2007.
The city plans to train approximately 200
low-income residents from Brownfields-
impacted communities in 10 sessions.
Each ten-week session combines two
weeks  of  community  outreach,  in-
take and assessment; five weeks  of
Brownfields occupational skills training
and mentoring; and two weeks of job
placement strategies.

"The program was
the bridge for me to
grow and realize the
dreams of becoming
successful can come
true... This was the  place
for me. I got out of the
problem and I became
part of the solution."

                  — Louis James,
         Long Beach community
                         member
The five weeks of  Brownfields occu-
pational  skills training and  mentoring
includes certificated training  in OSHA
30, First Aid/CPR, asbestos abatement,
lead abatement, a refinery safety over-
view,  and  Hazardous Waste Worker
Protection  and Emergency Response.
In  addition, trainees will  also receive
soft  skills  and  career  development
workshops.
THE RESULTS: The city plans to  place
approximately 70% of participants who

-------
Successes and Highlights
Grants and Cooperative Agreements, cont.
complete the six certifications in full-time
jobs.  The Alliance provides follow-up
services to ensure that trainees remain
on the job for at least nine months after
they are hired. As of September 2008,
approximately 132   participants  had
completed training and 57 had obtained
employment with an  average salary of
$13.50 per hour.

Reducing Exposure to Toxics in
Southern Arizona
THE COMMUNITY: In the U.S, the border
with  Mexico  includes nine of the poor-
est counties  in the nation. The  region
is  characterized  by  little  rainfall  and
extreme temperatures—the  border be-
tween the states of Arizona and Sonora,
Mexico, receives only 3 inches of rain-
fall per year and temperatures climb to
113°F. Rapid  population growth  and
industrialization have  created  lasting
environmental  degradation and  human
health problems.
THE RESOURCES: Community Assist of
Southern Arizona (CASA) and the Sonora
Environmental Research  Institute,  Inc.
(SERI) partner with neighborhoods  that
are  under economic,  environmental,
and  disproportionate health stress to
promote  a better understanding  of en-
vironmental health risks and the ways to
reduce them. Their promotora program
trains women to assist families in evalu-
ating  environmental  risks to their chil-
dren and to make informed choices to
improve their  health. They  build neigh-
borhood  capacity one-by-one as they
knock on doors. Active promotoras can
continue on an educational track to re-
ceive a Certification in Public Health at
the local community college.
In  2006,  the organizations  received
a  Level  II  Community  Action for
a  Renewed  Environment  (CARE)
Cooperative Agreement  (page  23).
More recently, they have received fund-
ing from EPA's Pollution  Prevention
program (page27), the U.S. Department
of  Housing and Urban  Development,
and  in-kind services and support from
22 different partners.

THE  RESULTS: CASA  and  SERI  have
trained 50 promotoras who engage in
all  aspects of developing action plans
to  reduce toxics in their communities.
In  the long term, the program aims to
strengthen the  community's ability to
make informed  environmental health
choices and to participate in long-term,
sustainable solutions.  It  will  track the
community's reduction of toxicemissions
and  the  reduction of toxic  compounds
replaced by less toxic solutions.
                                                            Environmental Justice (EJ)
                                                                  Small Grants
To provide financial assistance to eligible
community groups and nonprofit tribal
organizations to work on projects that address
environmental justice issues.
501 (c)(3) non-profit organizations; certain other
nonprofit organizations; cities, townships, or
county governments; federally recognized
Native American tribal governments.
Eligible applicant must demonstrate that it
has worked directly with, or provided services
to, the affected community (see fact sheet for
more details: epa.gov/oecaerth/resources/
publications/ej/factsheets/fact-sheet-ej-small-
grants-4-08.pdf)
$20,000
Karen Henry
U.S. EPA Region 9
Environmental Justice Team
                                                     (415)972-3844
                                                     henry.karen@epa.gov

                                                     www.epa.gov/oecaerth/
                                                     environmentaljustice/grants/ej-smgrants.
                                                     html
                                                Indoor Air Quality
                                            Tools for School Program:
                                          Asthma Management Training
To reduce school occupants'
exposure to indoor air pollution and
to aid in asthma management.
School districts or groups of
districts; community based
organizations or coalitions,
voluntary organizations and other
nonprofit organizations; colleges,
universities or other institutions
of higher education; state,
tribal, county, city or local health
departments.
Up to $50,000
Shelly Rosenblum
U.S. EPA Region 9
Air Division
                                         (415)947-4193
                                         rosenblum.shelly@epa.gov
                                         www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/

-------
Funding Sources for Communities
    GRANT
   PROGRAM
    Community-Scale Air
  Toxics Ambient Monitoring     Environmental Education (EE)
         (CSATAM)
   ELIGIBLE
  APPLICANTS
    AWARD
   AMOUNT
   CONTACT
   PERSON &
  EPA OFFICE/
   DIVISION
   CONTACT
 INFORMATION
              To support projects of one
              to three year durations that
              are designed to assist state,
              local and tribal communities in
              identifying air toxics sources and
              assessing health risks.
Air pollution control agencies,
as defined in section 302(b) of
the Clean Air Act, that are also
eligible to receive grants under
section 105 of the Clean Air Act.
$25K-$750K total, depending on
the scope of project

Meredith Kurpius
U.S. EPA Region 9
Air Division
(415)947-4534


www.epa.gov/ttn/
amtic/20072008_CSATAM.
html
                              To provide financial support for
                              projects that design, demonstrate
                              or disseminate environmental
                              education practices, methods or
                              techniques.
Local, tribal, or state
education agencies, colleges
and universities, nonprofit
organizations, state environmental
agencies, and non-commercial
educational broadcasting
agencies.
 4,000-$50,000
Sharon Jang
U.S. EPA Region 9
Office of Public Affairs
(415)947-4252
jang.sharon@epa.gov
                                             www.epa.gov/enviroed/grants.
                                             html
Environmental Justice Small Grant
— Oakland, California's Chinatown

THE  COMMUNITY: Just 3  few blocks
from  Oakland's  Chinatown  neighbor-
hood lies a 60-acre area of port-owned
waterfront land known as "Oak to 9th."
It had been contaminated by a century
of industrial pollution. In 2004, develop-
ers proposed  to remediate the property
and build Oakland's largest housing de-
velopment since World War II—a project
that would  potentially create  significant
health risks to nearby residents during
construction.
THE  RESOURCES:  EPA gave  the Asian
Pacific Environmental  Network (APEN)
an EJ Small  Grant (page 25) to build
the  community's  leadership,  capacity,
and political effectiveness to address the
immediate and long-term environmental
and public health risks posed by the re-
development. The community identified
affordable housing and jobs as the key
areas to improve the local environment
and the residents' health.
THE RESULTS: APEN built a coalition  of
hundreds of working class people to in-
fluence the developer and the Oakland
City Council to agree to build 465 units
of housing  affordable to families earn-
ing $25,000 to $50,000 (for a family of
4)—the highest number and percentage
of extremely/very-low income units in a
private project in Oakland in more than a
decade. At least 232 units will be two or
Community members meet to discuss the "Oak
to 9th" redevelopment project.

three bedrooms to accommodate fami-
lies. The project places 300 residents
into new career-path construction jobs
and allocates $1.65 million to construc-
tion training programs that  specifically
address barriers faced by  immigrants
and formerly incarcerated people who
are reentering the workforce.
For  more   information,  see   www.
apen4ej.org,  310  8th Street, Suite
309, Oakland, CA 94607, Phone: (510)
834-8920, Fax: (510) 834-8926

-------
Successes and  Highlights
Capacity Building  & Technical Assistance
Shaping State Environmental
Justice Policy in Hawaii
In   September  2007,  EPA's  Pacific
Southwest Region EJ Program  partici-
pated in three community meetings to
get input on EJ in Hawaii. Nearly 100
people attended  the sessions in Oahu
(Waianae), Maui, and Kauai. Participants
raised EJ issues including impacts from
the Superferry, dust control  from con-
struction  sites, water  rights, landfills,
military activities,  lack of understanding
of  native Hawaiian land  management
practices, cancer, and respiratory health
impacts.
The program  provided four  rounds of
EJ training to state officials in the spring
of  2006.  Later  that  year,   Governor
Lingle signed the State of Hawaii's first
Environmental Justice Bill, Act 294, to
hire an EJ Coordinator. Using input from
interviews  and  community  meetings,
the EJ coordinator developed a defi-
nition  of EJ for Hawaii, created guide-
lines to incorporate EJ into the state's
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
process,  and  recommended to  the
legislature other actions to address EJ
issues.

African American Hair Salon
Roundtables
Many  hair and nail salons in  California
use chemicals that may endanger  the
health of thousands of workers, their
children, and  customers. Salon work-
ers often report  respiratory  problems
and headaches, and their risk of cancer,
Kauai community meeting to receive input on the State's of Hawaii's Environmental Justice Initiative.
                                                                    Funding Sources for Communities
                                                       GRANT
                                                     PROGRAM
 ELIGIBLE
APPLICANTS
                                                                                                           Brownfields Grants
            To provide funding for
            communities and other
            stakeholders in economic
            redevelopment to work
            together to assess, safely
            clean up, and sustainably
            reuse Brownfields sites.
States, cities, towns, counties,
U.S. territories, Indian tribes
and nonprofit organizations
                                            Community Action for a
                                         Renewed Environment (CARE)
To provide support to help
communities form collaborative
partnerships, develop a
comprehensive understanding of
many sources of risk from toxics
and environmental pollutants, set
priorities, and identify and carry out
projects to reduce risks through
collaborative action at the local
level.

Local,  nonprofit organizations,
federally-recognized tribal
governments, Native American
organizations, private nonprofit
organizations, quasi-public
nonprofit organizations (both
interstate and intrastate), local
governments, colleges and
universities.
                                                                                             AWARD
                                                                                            AMOUNT
                                                                 Between $200,000 and
                                                                 $1,000,000 depending on type
                                                                 of grant
                                        Two funding levels:
                                        Level 1: $75,000-$100,000
                                        Level2:$150,000-$300,000
                                                                                            CONTACT
                                                                                            PERSON &
                                                                                           EPA OFFICE/
                                                                                            DIVISION
                                                                 Debbie Schechter
                                                                 U.S. EPA Region 9 Brownfields
                                                                 Team
                                        Mike Bandrowski
                                        U.S. EPA Region 9
                                        CARE Program
                                                                                            CONTACT
                                                                                          INFORMATION
                                                                 (415)972-3093
                                                                 schechter.debbie@epa.gov


                                                                 www.epa.gov/brownfields/
                                                                 pilot.htm
                                        (415)947-4194
                                        bandrowski.mike@epa.gov
                                                                                                                                   www.epa.gov/care/

-------
Successes and Highlights
Enforcement, cont.
encounter when approaching and inter-
viewing migrant farmworkers.
Because county inspectors do  most
fieldworker inspections, the EPA's Pacific
Southwest Region  Pesticides  Office
worked with the  California Department
of Pesticide Regulation  to  organize a
similar training for county inspectors in
Spring 2009.

Targeting Enforcement in "At-Risk"
Communities
In 2008, inspectors with EPA Region 9's
Resource  Conservation  and Recovery
Act (RCRA) Program began a pilot pro-
gram  to target their enforcement efforts
in communities that suffer disproportion-
ate environmental burdens. The inspec-
tors identified areas with high levels of air
and water pollution, and areas closest
to industrial-use land. This environmen-
tal data was overlaid with demographic
information about the community, such
as income levels, health  indicators, ac-
cess to health care, level of education,
and access to community resources.

Then, they began targeting their inspec-
tions  at 245  metal  plating  facilities  in
the most impacted geographic areas in
Gardena,  Pacoima,  and Vernon com-
munities of Los Angeles County. Metal
plating shops  have a historically high
rate of environmental violations, enforce-
ment, and cleanup actions. The RCRA
Enforcement  Program's  targeted  in-
spections have identified an even higher
rate of significant non-compliance.
The Agency is currently pursuing formal
enforcement actions at facilities where
there  was significant non-compliance,
and is continuing their inspection tar-
geting in 2009. By using environmen-
tal data to target their inspections, the
RCRA Enforcement Program was able
to maximize their limited  resources to
protect human health and the environ-
ment  in communities with the greatest
need.
birth defects and asthma is similar to
that of industrial workers. Studies indi-
cate that some hair products used by
African-Americans  contain  estrogenic
chemicals that can cause  premature
puberty in girls and may also be linked
to breast cancer.
With a $78,000 Pollution Prevention
Grant (page  27), the  Environmental
Finance Center 9 (EFC9) worked with
EPA to determine how to reduce expo-
sure to and use of toxic chemicals by
African-American  hair  salon  owners,
employees, and clients in California. To
accomplish this, EFC9 and EPA con-
ducted  site visits at four salons  and
convened a multi-stakeholder round-
table to discuss the science,  regulations
and business practices that affect the
ethnic hair care industry.
The research showed  that it was even
more  difficult  to  obtain   information
about the health risks  of ingredients in
ethnic hair products than in other types
of cosmetics.  EFC9 used  the round-
tables to discuss safer alternatives and
ways  to share  their findings with other
organizations, salons, and communities
that are exposed to toxic chemicals in
salon  products.
The information from the research and
roundtables will be used to develop a
"Healthy  Hair  Care  Guide"  to identify
and  promote safer  and healthier  hair
styles and techniques. It will  serve as
L    ."
Reducing exposure to toxic chemicals at hair
salons.

an outreach tool that salons can use to
help salon owners, stylists, and clients
learn about  potential health  risks and
ways to reduce their exposure to harm-
ful chemicals.

Halaco Site Cleanup
THE SITE: During  its 40 years of opera-
tion, the Halaco Engineering  Company
produced over 700,000 cubic yards of
waste from its metal recycling operation,
contaminating the surrounding soil, wet-
lands, and water in Oxnard,  California.
Approximately half a mile north of the
site lies the predominantly Latino, work-
ing class neighborhoods of Southwinds
and Cypress in South Oxnard. Because
of its dilapidated  structures, the con-
taminated site is dangerous to enter, but

-------
Successes  and Highlights
Capacity Building & Technical Assistance, cont.
even after its addition to the Superfund
National Priorities List in 2006, trespass-
ing remains a problem.
Because the  residents  are  ethnically
diverse  and  speak  several  different
languages, EPA  has issued  warnings
in both Spanish and Mixtec.  U.S. EPA
also worked with the Oxnard nonprofit
Central  Coast Alliance  United  for  a
Sustainable Economy (CAUSE) and the
local volunteer youth community service
organization City Corps, to distribute fly-
ers door-to-door. The organizations help
explain the risks to residents whose  le-
gal status or work schedules may pre-
vent  them  from attending a federally-
sponsored community meeting.
THE RESOURCES: To help the commu-
nity understand  the technical  issues
surrounding ongoing site work, EPA will
award a Technical Assistance Grant
(TAG) (page 28).
THE RESULTS:  EPA has  responded to
community concerns  at the  Halaco
site. With the help of the Oxnard Police
Department, access to the abandoned
facility has been greatly reduced.  The
Agency has also minimized exposure by
consolidating and stabilizing the major-
ity of the Site's waste, while working to
better understand the risks presented
by the contamination.
                                                                                          A pesticide inspector interviews a Spanish-speaking farmworker.
                                                                                          tion with 24-hour access to water from
                                                                                          26% to over 60%. With the implementa-
                                                                                          tion of the new requirements beginning
                                                                                          in 2009, even more significant improve-
                                                                                          ments are expected to move the island
                                                                                          closer to achieving a safe, reliable drink-
                                                                                          ing water supply for all residents.

                                                                                          Breaking Language and Culture
                                                                                          Barriers in Pesticide Use
                                                                                          Interviewing field workers is one of the
                                                                                          most effective ways a pesticide inspec-
                                                                                          tor  can determine whether a  farm  is
                                                                                          complying with  the  Worker Protection
                                                                                          Standard, a federal regulation that aims
                                                                                          to reduce the risks of occupational ex-
                                                                                          posure to pesticides.  The agricultural
                                                                                          workforce in California is approximately
                                                                                          70% Latino, and many workers have
                                                                                          limited  English-speaking  skills,  or  no
                                                                                          English at all.
                                                                                          In April 2008, EPA, state and tribal in-
                                                                                          spectors attended training on how to
                                                                                          open  communication  channels with
                                                                                          Latino  farmworkers.  This   "Breaking
                                                                                          Barriers"  course taught inspectors how
                                                                                          to interview workers in  Spanish, using a
                                                                                          flip chart with images  of decontamina-
                                                                                          tion supplies, personal  protective  equip-
                                                                                          ment, and other protections required
                                                                                          by  law.  Trainees also learned  about
                                                                                          overcoming cultural barriers  they may

-------
Successes and Highlights
Enforcement, cont.
THE ACTIONS: Enforcement has played a
major role in the U.S. Pacific territories.
In  2002, EPA developed an enforce-
ment order that required many specific
improvements to Guam's critical drink-
ing water and wastewater  infrastruc-
ture. The order also required  Guam
Waterworks Authority (GWA) to make
management improvements, including
specific qualifications for management
personnel and  the  development of a
water and wastewater master plan. EPA
has vigorously enforced  the  order—is-
suing penalties when necessary—while
continuing  technical  and financial  as-
sistance  to GWA to help  meet  the
requirements.
In  the  CNMI, EPA developed two  en-
forcement orders to improve  water and
wastewater  systems and prevent oil
spills in 2008. The first  order requires
the Commonwealth Utilities Corp. (CUC)
to  undertake  major  improvements  to
Saipan's  drinking water  and  wastewa-
ter systems, including ensuring compli-
ance with discharge permit  limits and
preventing sewer overflows.  A second
order requires that CUC comply with oil
spill prevention and preparedness rules
and  ensures that CUC  take steps to
prevent future oil spills into ocean wa-
ters. EPA continues  to  give technical
assistance and grant funding  to CUC to
help fix these problems.
   Worker Safety Enforcement
   Farmworker complaints about pesticide
   exposure symptoms triggered an
   investigation at Vector Tobacco's
   research facility in Kekaha, Kauai, Hawaii.
   Inspectors found that the company failed
   to provide its workers and pesticide
   handlers with required protective
   equipment, pesticide information,
   decontamination supplies, safety training,
   and notification that pesticides had been
   applied. The company paid fines totaling
   $65,040 for the alleged violations.
THE RESULTS: Since the court order on
Guam, GWA has eliminated  boil-water
notices for four years in a row and has
reduced sewage spills by  99.9% com
pared to pre-enforcement  levels. GWA
made new  physical  improvements  to
its system, including finishing a $15 mil
lion rehabilitation of Guam's two largest
wastewater  plants and  completing the
rehabilitation of a major booster pump
station and water transmission line. As
a result, Guam's water is now the safest
it has been in decades.
In   the   CNMI,   CUC   and  the
Commonwealth's Water Task Force are
implementing improvements to Saipan's
drinking water and wastewater systems.
Actions since 2006 on Saipan have in-
creased the proportion of  the  popula-
Lower left and above: Cleaning up petroleum contamination at a former Underground Storage Tank site,
in Tuba City, Arizona.
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks in Indian Country
THE SITE: The Davis Chevrolet  Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) site
in Tuba City,  Arizona, affects both the
Hopi Tribe and Navajo Nation. The for-
mer owner abandoned the site,  and the
UST system lacked the proper controls
to  ensure tank integrity and safety.  In
the late 1990's, petroleum  leaked into
the ground and has contaminated soil in
an area approximately 1000 feet away,
in  the direction  of  the  local springs.
The Hopi Tribe uses these springs for
ceremonies.
TECHNICAL  ASSISTANCE: After  assess-
ing  the  site, removing  approximately
2,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil
and evaluating  treatment  alternatives,
EPA and the tribes chose a clean up
approach. In 2008, they installed 12 ex-
traction wells to remove the petroleum
contamination from the shallow ground-
water. They expect to finish the full treat-
ment system in 2009.
THE  RESULTS: In  addition to protect-
ing   public  health,  the  environment,
and  culturally important  springs, this
cleanup will provide much-needed  ac-
cess to food and other goods to iso-
lated Navajo, Hopi, and other residents.
A new supermarket, department  store,
hotel and other retail properties will save
residents 70 miles of driving to the next
nearest similar  services  and  provide
lodging for visitors.

-------
Successes  and Highlights
Enforcement
Fighting Leptospirosis in
American Samoa
THE COMMUNITY: In the South  Pacific,
the U.S. Territory of American  Samoa
faces significant public health challeng-
es, including lack of wastewater treat-
ment and disposal, and consumption
of fish contaminated with heavy metals
and other toxins found in their main har-
bor. The per capita income of American
Samoa is only $4,357,  by far the low-
est in the U.S. About 17% of residents
have tested  positive for Leptospirosis,
a serious bacterial disease associated
with  improperly  managed  pig  waste,
and five people died  of the disease in
2003-2004.
THE ACTIONS:  EPA funded American
Samoa's "Team Lepto," who conduct-
ed 223 inspections of small pig farms,
many of which were located on streams
for easy disposal  of waste. The team
closed  117  non-compliant  pig  farms
and has worked with 23 owners to bring
their pig farms  into compliance with lo-
cal regulations. The team has invento-
ried and mapped every pig farm and pig
in American Samoa.
THE RESULTS: "Team Lepto" has signifi-
cantly reduced the pig waste discharged
                                                                                          EPA provided nearly $3 million in grant funding to construct this one million gallon water storage
                                                                                          tank and improve the distribution system in the Kannat Tabla area on the island of Saipan, in the
                                                                                          Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). The new tank is part of a number of system
                                                                                          improvements that will eventually lead to 24-hour water on Saipan.
                                                                                          into  the territory's waters, protecting
                                                                                          health  and nearby coral reefs. In one
                                                                                          watershed, the team  reduced bacterial
                                                                                          contamination by over 90%. No deaths
                                                                                          have been attributed  to the disease in
                                                                                          2007 or 2008.

                                                                                          Improving Water Infrastructure in
                                                                                          the Pacific Islands
                                                                                          THE  COMMUNITY:  The  U.S.  Pacific
                                                                                          Island  territories  of   Guam  and  the
                                                                                          Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
                                                                                          Islands  (CNMI)—home to more than
                                                                                          250,000 people—face significant envi-
                                                                                          ronmental and public health challenges,
                                                                                          particularly related to water resources.
                                                                                          In CNMI,  the island of  Saipan is the
                                                                                          only municipality of its size in the United
                                                                                          States without 24-hour water delivery.
                                                                                          For almost half of Saipan's  residents,
                                                                                          water flows through their pipes only a
                                                                                          few hours  per  day.  Until recently, the
                                                                                          island of Guam  had  some of the worst
                                                                                          water problems in the U.S., with more
                                                                                          than 500 million gallons of raw sewage
                                                                                          spills and nearly constant boil-water no-
                                                                                          tices between 1999 and 2002.
Outbreaks of leptospirosis are usually caused by exposure to water contaminated with the waste of
infected animals, such as pigs.

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