Thang Hai 2009
Moi ngifdl deu
co the bj nhiem
doc khi carbon
monoxide. Doi vdi
ngifdi Idn hien cd
nhtfng benh trang
nhisla benh tim
man tinh, bj thieu
mau, hoac cac van
de ve he ho hap,
lai cang de bj anh
hifdng do cac tac
dong cua loai khi
khong mui, khong
mau nay.
Ngan Ngifa Nhiim Doc
Khf Carbon Monoxide
Thong Tin Danh Cho Quy Vj Cao
Nien va Ngtidi Cham Soc Ho
Quy vj co biet rang khf
carbon monoxide (viet
tat la CO) la nguyen
nhan gay tif vong vl
nhiem doc thudng xay ra nhat d
Hoa Ky khdng? V6 tinh bj nhiem
doc khf CO da gay ra khoang
500 vu tir vong va 15.000 vu phai
den phdng cap cufu hang nam.
Nhufng ngudi cao nien tren 65 tuoi
dac biet de bj vo tinh nhiem doc
khf CO vl ho thudng bj cac benh
trang Men co.1 Mac du cac may
bao dpng khf CO co the cufu song
dUdc nhieu ngudi, nhung dudi mot
phan ba nha d Hoa Ky co lap cac
may bao dpng do.2
Khf Carbon Monoxide
(CO) la gi?
Khf CO la mot loai khf khong mui,
khong mau co the gay benh va tCr
vong. Khf nay dUdc tao ra khi bat
cuf nhien lieu nao dUdc dot chay
nhu la khf dot thien nhien, khf dot
propane, xang, dau nhdt, dau lira,
cui hoac than. Cac thiet bj tao ra
khf CO bao gom xe, tau thuyen,
may chay xang, 16 va cac he
thong sudi. Khf CO tCf cac nguon
nay co the tfch luy trong nhufng
ndi dong km hoac khong dong km
hoan toan. Khi ngUdi ta hft vao khf
CO, khf doc nay vao dong mau va
ngan chan khong cho cd the hap
thu dUdc khong khf, dieu nay cd
the lam ton thudng cac bap thjt va
dan den tCr vong.3
Cac Trieu Chu'ng
Gi Cho Biet La Bj
Nhiim Doc Khf CO?
Do'i vdi da so' ngudi, cac dau hieu
dau tien khi bj nhiem doc khf CO
d mat dp tha'p la nhufc dau nhe va
thd khong ra hdi khi van dpng vCfa
phai. Tie'p tuc bj nhiem doc khf CO
hoac bj nhiem cap tfnh cd the dan
den cac trieu chufng gid'ng nhu bj
cum bao gom bj nhufc dau nang,
choang vang, met mdi, buon ndn,
Ian Ion, khd chju, va bj khd khan
ve phan doan, trf nhd va sU dieu
phd'i.4 Khf CO dUdc gpi la "ke giet
ngudi tham lang" vl neu bo qua
cac trieu chufng nay, mot ngudi
cd the bj bat tinh va khong cd kha
nang thoat hiem.
Quy Vj Co The
Khong Co Trieu
Chu'ng Ma Vih ,Bj
Nhiim Khf CO d Mtfc
Do Khong An Toan
Thd khf CO d dp tha'p cd the
khong dan den nhufng trieu chufng
rd rang la bj nhiem khf CO, nhUng
viec tie'p xuc den khf CO d dp tha'p
deu cd the gay ton thudng lau dai
cho sifc khde, tham chf sau khi
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nguon khf CO da dUdc ddi bo. Cac anh hudng cho
sac khde nay bao gom ton thudng he than kinh lau
dai nhu la cac khiem khuyet ve hoc tap va trf nhd,
cac anh hadng den tlnh cam va ca tfnh, va cac rd'i
loan ve cam giac va he van dpng.5
Ai Co Nguy Ctf Bj Nhiim Doc
Khf CO?
Mpi ngudi d mpi lufa tuoi deu co nguy cd bj nhiem
doc khf CO. Nhufng ngudi bj benh tim, benh thieu
mau, hoac co cac van de ve he ho hap thudng de
bj cac anh hadng cua khf CO.6 Nhufng ngudi cao
nien thudng bj cac benh trang Men co nay, va cac
benh trang nay giam mac dp cd the cua ho co the
chju dang va tang nguy cd bj nhiem doc den mac ta
vong.7 Nhiem doc khf CO cung co the rat nguy hiem
cho bao thai, lam tang them nguy cd bj say thai va
cac roi loan ve phat trien.8 9
Nhffng Ngutii Thieu So'Tinting
Bj Htfn
Mot cupc nghien cufu dUdc thac hien d Tieu Bang
Washington trong vong nhOng nhdm dan thieu so
da cho thay rang dan so ngadi My La Tinh co nguy
cd cao gap bd'n Ian va dan so ngadi da den cd nguy
cd cao gap ba Ian dan so' ngadi da trang bj nhiem
doc khf CO. Ngoai ra, 67% dan so' ngadi My La
Tinh va 40% dan so' ngadi da den bj nhiem doc vl
dd't than trong nha.10
Khi
Oxygen
(can cd
.de song)
Khf Carbon
Monoxide
(khfdoc
che't ngifdi)
Ne'u Quy Vj Co Cac Trieu
Chtfng Ma Quy Vj Nghl Ring
Co The Do Nhiim Doc Khf CO:
• Hay ra cho cd khdng khf trong lanh ngay lap
tac. Md caa ra vao va caa so roi tat Id, Id nudng,
may sudi va cac thiet bj tudng ta roi ra khdi nha.
• Lap tac gpi cho trung tarn phdng chd'ng nhiem
doc d 1-800-222-1222. Cac chuyen vien phdng
chd'ng nhiem doc d do se cho quy vj bie't la quy
vj cd can den gap bac sT hay khdng.
De Ngan Ngufa Nhiim Doc Khf
CO, Men Nhtf La Toi CO THE:
• Lap dat cac may bao dpng khf CO gan nhOng
cho ngu.
• Kiem tra he thong sudi va cac thiet bj dot nhien
lieu hang nam.
• Tranh dung cac thiet bj dot chay khdng cd cho
thoang khf.
• Dang bao gid dd't nhien lieu trong nha ngoai tra
cac thiet bj nha la Id na'u hoac may sudi dUdc
che tao cho viec sa dung an toan.
• Chu y den cac trieu chang cd the bj nhiem doc
khf CO.
Cac Meo Vat Khac De Ngan
Ngufa Bj Nhiim Doc Khf CO:
• GiO cho cac thiet bj dung hdi dd't dUdc dieu
chmh dung each.
• Nen suy tfnh den viec mua mot may sudi cd cho
thoang khf khi thay mot may sudi khdng cd cho
thoang khf.
• Dung khf (propane) cho may sudi bang dau lira.
I Lap dat va dung mot may quat thoang khf ra
ngoai d tren cac Id hdi dd't.
I Md d'ng thong khi sir dung Id sudi.
I Chpn cac Id dd't cui cd kfch thudc thfch hdp dUdc
chang nhan dap ang cac tieu chuan thai khf cua
EPA.
I Kiem cho chac la cifa Id dd't cui ddng dUdc chat.
I Nen cd mot thd du trinh dp kiem tra va quet
sach d'ng khdi va he thd'ng sudi hang nam.
I Kiem cho chac la tat ca thiet bj dot nhien lieu
trong nha d trong tlnh trang tot va cd he thd'ng
thoang khf thfch hdp.
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DCfng bao gid de may xe chay trong nha xe,
ngay ca khi cifa nha xe md ra ngoai.
Dung may phat dien loai xach tay 6 ben ngoai
va 6 xa tda nha. DCfng bao gid dung may phat
dien loai xach tay 6 bao Idn hoac gan cac cifa
ra vao, cho thoang khf hoac cifa so. DCfng bao
gid dung may phat dien loai xach tay gan cho
quy vj hoac gia dlnh cua quy vj ngu.
DCfng bao gid dung 16 nUdng bang than trong
nha, ngay ca khi trong Id sifdi.
Cac may sadi bang khf (propane) hoac cac
may sadi dung cac nhien lieu khac dat trong
nhufng leu san hoac leu cau ca ddng km deu
nen dadc thoang khf ra ngoai.
DCfng bao gid sadi nha cua quy vj bang Id
nUdng bang khf dd't.
lay Bao Dong Khf Carbon Monoxi
)xide
Chay bang "pin
Loai g
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Ngifol Cao Mien va Cac Va'n De
Stfc Khoe Lien Quan Den Moi
Trifofng
De An Phuc Vu Ngifdi Cao Mien cua EPA dang no
lac bao ve sufc khoe cua quy vj cao nien khoi bj cac
nguy hiem ve moi tofdng qua phong ngCfa cac tai
nan rui ro, giao due va nghien cuU De biet them
thong tin ve De An Phuc Vu NgUdi Cao Nien cua
EPA, xin vao trang mang www.epa.gov/aging
Quy vj co the co dUdc cac ban in cua td thong tin
nay tai: http://www.epa.gov/aging/resources/
f acts heets/order. htm
Cac Nguon Trtf Giup Them
Your Local Poison Center
• 1-800-222-1222
• Internet: www.aapcc.org
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Carbon Monoxide
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/co.html
CDC
Carbon Monoxide
http://www.cdc.gov/co/
Consumer Product Safety
Commission
Home Heating Equipment Safety
www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/heatpubs.html
Carbon Monoxide Alarms
www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml01/01069.
html
Portable Generators
www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/portgen.html
Chu Thich
1 Centers for Disease Control and Policy. Carbon
Monoxide-Related Deaths - United States, 1999-2004.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. December 21,
2007; 56(50):1309-12.
2 Home Safety Council. Unintentional Home Injury in
the United States. State of Home Safety: 2004 Edition.
http://www.homesafetycouncil.org./state_of_home_safety/
sohs_2004_p017.pdf.
3 (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health,
"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Questions and Answers,"
July 2006. http:/^ww.cdc.gov/coAaqs.htm
4 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
Indoor Environments Division (6607J) Office of Air and
Radiation, "Protect Your Family and Yourself from Carbon
Monoxide Poisoning," October 1996. http://www.epa.gov/
iaq/pubs/coftsht.html
5 Delayed Neuropathology after Carbon Monoxide
Poisoning Is Immune-Mediated, Stephen R. Thorn, Veena
M. Bhopale, Donald Fisher, Jie Zhang, Phyllis Gimotty
and Robert E. Forster, Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
Vol. 101, No. 37 (Sep. 14, 2004), pp. 13660-13665.
EPA. 2000. Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide.
U.S.EPA, National Center for Environmental Assessment.
June, 2000. EPA 600/P-99/001F.
6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
National Center for Environmental Health, "Carbon
Monoxide Poisoning: Questions and Answers," July 2006.
http://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm
7 CPSC. 2004. Non-Fire Carbon Monoxide Deaths
Associated with the Use of Consumer Products: 2001
Annual Estimates. U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission, Division of Hazard Analysis, May 13, 2004.
8 Raub, J. A., M. MathieuNolf, N. B. Hampson, and S.
R. Thorn. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - a Public Health
Perspective. TOXICOLOGY (145): 1-14, (2000).)
9 Liu, S. Krewski, D., Shi, Y, Chen, Y, and R.T. Burnett.
2003. Association between gaseous ambient air pollutants
and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada.
Environmental Health Perspectives. 111:1773-1778.
10 Ralston, J.D. and N.B. Hampson. 2000. Incidence of
severe unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning differs
across racial/ethnic categories. Public Health Reports.
115:46-51. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.
11 Yoon, S., Macdonald, S., Parrish, G. 1998. Deaths
from unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning and
potential for prevention with carbon monoxide detectors.
JAMA. 279(9): 685-687
12 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Healthy Homes Issues: Carbon Monoxide, Healthy homes
Initiative Background Information, December 2005. http://
www.healthyhomestraining.org/Documents/HUD/HUD_
CO_Brief.pdf .
13 The Minnesota Department of Health, Environmental
Health Services Division, "Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Poisoning In Your Home," April 2007. http://www. health.
state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/co/index.html
Vietnamese translation of: Preventing Carbon
Monoxide Poisoning
Publication Number: EPA 100-F-09-009
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