September21, 2007
Bibliometric Analysis
for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development's Air (Particulate Matter, Ozone, Air Toxics, and
Indoor Air) Research Program
This is a bibliometric analysis of the papers prepared by intramural and extramural researchers
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Research Program. For this
analysis, 2,064 papers were reviewed, and they were published from 1998 to 2007. These
publications were cited 34,562 times in the journals covered by Thomson Scientific's Web of
Science1 and Elsevier's Scopus2. Of these 2,064 publications, 1,827 (88.5%) have been cited at
least once in a journal.
Searches of Web of Science and Scopus were conducted to obtain times cited data for the Air
Research Program journal publications. The analysis was completed using Thomson's
Essential Science Indicators (ESI) and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) as benchmarks. ESI
provides access to a unique and comprehensive compilation of essential science performance
statistics and science trends data derived from Thomson's databases. For this analysis, the ESI
highly cited papers thresholds as well as the hot papers thresholds were used to assess the
influence and impact of the air papers. JCR is a recognized authority for evaluating journals. It
presents quantifiable statistical data that provide a systematic, objective way to evaluate the
world's leading journals and their impact and influence in the global research community. The
two key measures used in this analysis to assess the journals in which the EPA air papers are
published are the Impact Factor and Immediacy Index. The Impact Factor is a measure of the
frequency with which the "average article" in a journal has been cited in a particular year. The
Impact Factor helps evaluate a journal's relative importance, especially when compared to
other journals in the same field. The Immediacy Index is a measure of how quickly the
"average article" in a journal is cited. This index indicates how often articles published in a
journal are cited within the same year and it is useful in comparing how quickly journals are
cited.
The report includes a summary of the results of the bibliometric analysis, an analysis of the
2,064 air research papers analyzed by ESI field (e.g., Clinical Medicine, Environment/Ecology,
and Geosciences), an analysis of the journals in which the air papers were published, a table of
the highly cited researchers in the Air Research Program, a list of patents that have resulted
from the program, and other parameters reported by ESI.
Thomson Scientific's Web of Science provides access to current and retrospective multidisciplinary information
from approximately 8,830 of the most prestigious, high impact research journals in the world. Web of Science also
provides cited reference searching.
2
Scopus is a large abstract and citation database of research literature and quality Web sources designed to support
the literature research process. Scopus offers access to 15,000 titles from 4,000 different publishers, more than
12,850 academic journals (including coverage of 535 Open Access journals, 750 conference proceedings, and 600
trade publications), 27 million abstracts, 245 million references, 200 million scientific Web pages, and 13 million
patent records.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
l. One-third of the air publications are highly cited papers. 679 (32.9%) of the air papers
qualify as highly cited when using the ES/ criteria for the top 10% of highly cited publications.
This is 3.3 times the 10% of papers expected to be highly cited. 107 (5.2%) of the air papers
qualify as highly cited when using the ES/ criteria for the top 1 %, which is 5.2 times the number
expected. 14 (0.7%) of these papers qualify as very highly cited when using the criteria for the
top 0.1%, which is 7 times the number anticipated. None of the papers actually meets the 0.01%
threshold for the most highly cited papers, which is not surprising given that the expected
number for this program is 0.2 papers.
2. The air papers are more highly cited than the average paper. Using the ESI average citation
rates for papers published by field as the benchmark, in 15 of the 19 fields in which the 2,064
EPA air papers were published, the ratio of actual to expected cites is greater than 1, indicating
that the air papers are more highly cited than the average papers in those fields. For all 19 fields
combined, the ratio of total number of cites to the total number of expected cites (34,562 to
15,305.25) is 2.2, indicating that the air papers are more highly cited than the average paper.
3. More than one-third of the air papers are published in high impact journals. 696 of the
2,064 papers were published in the top 10% of journals ranked by JCF? Impact Factor,
representing 33.7% of EPA's air papers. This number is 3.4 times higher than the expected 206
papers. 966 of the 2,064 papers appear in the top 10% of journals ranked by JCf? Immediacy
Index, representing 46.8% of EPA's air papers. This number is 4.7 times higher than the
expected 206 papers.
4. Fifty-two of the air papers qualify as hot papers. Using the hot paper thresholds established
by ESI as a benchmark, 52 hot papers, representing 2.5% of the air papers, were identified in
the analysis. Hot papers are papers that were highly cited shortly after they were published. The
number of air hot papers identified is 25 times higher than the expected 2 hot papers.
5. The authors of the air papers cite themselves much less than the average author. 1,605 of
the 34,562 cites are author self-cites. This 4.6% author self-citation rate is well below the
accepted range of 10-30% author self-citation rate.
6. Fifty-nine of the 3,452 authors of the air papers are included in ISIHighlyCited.com, which
is a database of the world's most influential researchers who have made key contributions to
science and technology during the period from 1981 to 1999.
7. There were 6 patents issued to investigators from 1998 to 2007 for research that was
conducted under EPA's Air Research Program. Two of these patents were cited by a total of 9
other patents.
8. EPA's Air Research Program includes 4 of the top 20 air pollution papers (published from
January 2003 to April 2005) and 18 of the top 20 air pollution authors (from 1995 to 2005)
authored papers for EPA's Air Research Program.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
SUMMARY OF RESULTS (Continued)
10. The United States ranks first among the top 20 countries publishing on air pollution.
11. More than one-half of the EPA air papers are published in ESfs top 20 journals in air pollution.
12. Harvard University (one of EPA's grantees) ranks number one and EPA ranks number two on
ESfs top 20 institutions publishing on air pollution.
13. The number of air pollution papers published in journals covered by £S/from 2001 to 2005
has declined compared to the number published from 2000 to 2004. The number of cites and
cites/paper for papers published from 2001 to 2005 also have declined. The number of EPA Air
Research Program publications, however, has increased slightly from 2001 to 2005 (1,257
publications) when compared to the number published from 2000 to 2004 (1,240 publications). Like
the overall air pollution paper trends identified by ESI, the number of cites and the cites per paper
have declined.
Highly Cited Air Publications
All of the journals covered by ESI are assigned a field, and to compensate for varying citation rates
across scientific fields, different thresholds are applied to each field. Thresholds are set to select
highly cited papers to be listed in ESI. Different thresholds are set for both field and year of
publication. Setting different thresholds for each year allows comparable representation for older and
younger papers for each field.
The 2,064 air research papers reviewed for this analysis were published in journals that were assigned
to 19 of the 22 ESI fields. The distribution of the papers among these 19 fields and the number of
citations by field are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Air Papers by £S7 Fields
ESI Field
Biology & Biochemistry
Chemistry
Clinical Medicine
Computer Science
Economics & Business
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
No. of Citations
546
2,375
6,479
15
25
4,259
7,910
8,477
No. of Air Papers
41
150
260
4
3
360
435
490
Average Cites/Paper
13.3
15.8
24.9
3.8
8.3
11.8
18.2
17.3
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
ESI Field
Immunology
Materials Science
Mathematics
Microbiology
Molecular Biology & Genetics
Multidisciplinary
Neuroscience & Behavior
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Physics
Plant & Animal Science
Social Sciences, general
No. of Citations
377
1
35
22
62
421
227
2,951
194
124
62
Total = 34,562
No. of Air Papers
14
2
7
1
8
10
20
220
15
11
13
Total = 2,064
Average Cites/Paper
26.9
0.5
5.0
22.0
7.8
42.1
11.4
13.4
12.9
11.3
4.8
16.7
There are 679 (32.9% of the papers analyzed) highly cited EPA air papers in 14 of the 19 fields—
Biology & Biochemistry, Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Economics & Business, Engineering,
Environment/Ecology, Geosciences, Immunology, Mathematics, Multidisciplinary, Pharmacology &
Toxicology, Physics, Plant & Animal Science, and Social Sciences—when using the ESI criteria for
the top 10% of papers. Table 2 shows the number of EPA air papers in those 14 fields that meet the
top 10% threshold in ESI. One hundred-seven (5.2%) of the papers analyzed qualify as highly cited
when using the ESI criteria for the top 1% of papers. These papers cover 9 fields— Biology &
Biochemistry, Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Economics & Business, Engineering, Environment/
Ecology, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, and Pharmacology & Toxicology. Table 3 shows the 107
(5.2% of the papers analyzed) papers by field that meet the top 1% threshold in ESI. The citations
for these 107 papers are provided in Tables 4 through 12. Table 13 shows the 14 (0.7%) papers by
field that meet the top 0.1% threshold in ESI. These 14 very highly cited air papers in the fields of
Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Economics & Business, Engineering, Environment/Ecology, and
Geosciences are listed in Table 14. None of the air papers meet the top 0.01% threshold in ESI,
which is not surprising because the expected number of papers that should meet this threshold for this
analysis is 0.2. The highly cited papers in Tables 4 through 13 are presented in order of year of
publication with the oldest papers appearing first. Within the year of publication, the papers are
ordered by increasing number of times cited.
Table 2. Number of Highly Cited Air Pa
ESI Field
Biology & Biochemistry
Chemistry
Clinical Medicine
No. of Citations
216
1,156
4,970
No. of Papers
6
34
91
Average Cites/Paper
36.0
34.0
54.6
% of Papers in Field
14.6%
22.7%
35.0%
pers by Field (top 10%)
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
ESI Field
Economics & Business
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Immunology
Mathematics
Multidisciplinary
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Physics
Plant & Animal Science
Social Sciences, general
No. of Citations
7
3,525
5,655
5,737
303
25
398
1,692
117
64
20
Total = 23,885
No. of Papers
1
144
170
164
5
2
6
47
3
2
4
Total = 679
Average Cites/Paper
7.0
24.5
33.3
35.0
60.6
12.5
66.3
36.0
39.0
32.0
5.0
35.2
% of Papers in Field
33.3%
40.0%
39.1%
33.5%
35.7%
28.6%
60.0%
21.4%
20.0%
18.2%
30.8%
32.9%
Table 3. Number of Highly Cited Air Papers by Field (top 1%)
ESI Field
Biology & Biochemistry
Chemistry
Clinical Medicine
Economics & Business
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Multidisciplinary
Pharmacology & Toxicology
No. of
Citations
37
62
1,513
7
1,768
1,549
2,255
272
259
Total =
7,722
No. of
Papers
1
2
8
1
32
31
28
2
2
Total =
107
Average
Cites/Paper
37.0
31.0
189.1
7.0
55.2
50.0
80.5
136.0
129.5
72.2
% of Air
Papers in
Field
2.4%
1.3%
3.1%
33.3%
8.9%
7.1%
5.7%
20.0%
0.9%
5.2%
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 4. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Biology & Biochemistry (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
37
ESI
Threshold
33
First Author
Kadiiska MB
Paper
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Study II: are oxidation products of
lipids, proteins, and DNA markers of CC14 poisoning? Free Radical
Biology & Medicine 2005;38(6):698-710.
Table 5. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Chemistry (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
59
3
ESI
Threshold
43
2
First
Author
Gao S
Rudich Y
Paper
Low-molecular-weight and oligomeric components in secondary
organic aerosol from the ozonolysis of cycloalkenes and alpha-
pinene. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2004;108(46):10147-10164.
Aging of organic aerosol: bridging the gap between laboratory and
field studies. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 2007;58:321-352.
Table 6. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Clinical Medicine (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
187
216
249
634
89
131
2
5
ESI
Threshold
144
133
115
99
54
54
2
2
First Author
Abbey DE
Gold DR
Peters A
Pope CA
Peters A
Pope CA
Baccarelli A
Miller KA
Paper
Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to
mortality in nonsmokers. American Journal of Respiratory and
Critical Care Medicine 1999;159(2):373-382.
Ambient pollution and heart rate variability. Circulation
2000;101(11): 1267-1273.
Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial
infarction. Circulation 2001;103(23):2810-2815.
Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to
fine particulate air pollution. Journal of the American Medical
Association 2QQ2;287(9): 1132-1141.
Exposure to traffic and the onset of myocardial infarction. New
England Journal of Medicine 2004;35 1(17): 1721-1730.
Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air
pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological
pathways of disease. Circulation 2004;109(l):71-77.
Effects of exposure to air pollution on blood coagulation. Journal of
Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2007;5(2):252-260.
Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular
events in women. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;356(5):447-
458.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 7. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Economics & Business (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
7
ESI
Threshold
4
First Author
PengRD
Paper
Model choice in time series studies of air pollution and mortality.
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)
2006;169(2):179-203.
Table 8. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Engineering (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
ESI
Threshold
First Author
Paper
54
46
ZhangY
Simulation of aerosol dynamics: a comparative review of algorithms
used in air quality models. Aerosol Science and Technology
1999;31(6):487-514.
45
44
Wilson WE
Estimating separately personal exposure to ambient and non-ambient
particulate matter for epidemiology and risk assessment; why and how.
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2000;50(7): 1167-
1183.
52
44
Tobias HJ
Real-time chemical analysis of organic aerosols using a thermal
desorption particle beam mass spectrometer. Aerosol Science and
Technology 2000;33(l-2): 170-190.
75
44
Sarnat JA
Assessing the relationship between personal particulate and gaseous
exposures of senior citizens living in Baltimore. Journal of the Air &
Waste Management Association 2000;50(7): 1184-1198.
78
44
Long CM
Characterization of indoor particle sources using continuous mass and
size monitors. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
2000;50(7): 1236-1250.
207
44
Jayne JT
Development of an aerosol mass spectrometer for size and composition
analysis of submicron particles. Aerosol Science and Technology
2000;33(l-2):49-70.
209
44
Richter H
Formation of poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot
a review of chemical reaction pathways. Progress in Energy and
Combustion Science 2000;26(4-6):565-608.
38
37
Vette AF
Characterization of indoor-outdoor aerosol concentration relationships
during the Fresno PM exposure studies. Aerosol Science and Technology
2001;34(1):118-126.
42
37
Lewtas J
Comparison of sampling methods for semi-volatile organic carbon
associated with PM25. Aerosol Science and Technology 2001;34(1):9-
22.
57
37
Tolocka MP
East versus West in the US: chemical characteristics of PM2 5 during the
winter of 1999. Aerosol Science and Technology 2001;34(l):88-96.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
No. of
Cites
ESI
Threshold
First Author
Paper
92
37
WooKS
Measurement of Atlanta aerosol size distributions: Observations of
ultrafme particle events. Aerosol Science and Technology 2001;34(1):75-
87.
105
37
Weber RJ
A particle-into-liquid collector for rapid measurement of aerosol bulk
chemical composition. Aerosol Science and Technology 2001;35(3):718-
727.
31
31
Cabada JC
Sources of atmospheric carbonaceous particulate matter in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
2002;52(6):732-741.
34
31
Zhang Z
Cyclic micron-size particle inhalation and deposition in a triple
bifurcation lung airway model. Aerosol Science and Technology
2002;33(2):257-281.
37
31
KimS
Size distribution and diurnal and seasonal trends of ultrafme particles in
source and receptor sites of the Los Angeles basin. Journal of the Air &
Waste Management Association 2002;52(3):297-307.
40
31
Zhang X
A numerical characterization of particle beam collimation by an
aerodynamic lens-nozzle system: Part I. an individual lens or nozzle.
Aerosol Science and Technology 2002;36(5):617-631.
63
31
McMurray PH
The relationship between mass and mobility for atmospheric particles: A
new technique for measuring particle density. Aerosol Science and
Technology 2002;36(2):227-238.
130
31
ZhuYF
Concentration and size distribution of ultrafme particles near a major
highway. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
2002;52(9): 1032-1042.
31
25
Lewis CW
Source apportionment of Phoenix PM2.5 aerosol with the Unmix
receptor model. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
2003;53(3):325-338.
22
18
Lemieux PM
Emissions of organic air toxics from open burning: a comprehensive
review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2004;30(1): 1-32.
23
18
Zhang XF
Numerical characterization of particle beam collimation: Part II
integrated aerodynamic-lens-nozzle system. Aerosol Science and
Technology 2004;38(6):619-638.
23
18
ZhuY
Seasonal trends of concentration and size distribution of ultrafme
particles near major highways in Los Angeles. Aerosol Science and
Technology 2004;38(S1):5-13.
24
18
Cabada JC
Estimating the secondary organic aerosol contribution to PM2 5 using the
EC tracer method. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(S 1): 140-
155.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
No. of
Cites
25
26
33
34
39
55
13
14
17
ESI
Threshold
18
18
18
18
18
18
10
4
4
First Author
Drewnick F
ChoA
Stanier CO
Drewnick F
Subramanian
R
Canagaratna
M
KimE
ByunD
Bond TC
Paper
Measurement of ambient aerosol composition during the PMTACS-NY
2001 campaign using an aerosol mass spectrometer. Part II: Chemically
speciated mass distribution. Aerosol Science and Technology
2004;38(S1):104-117.
Determination of four quinones in diesel exhaust particles, SRM 1649a
and atmospheric PM2 5. Aerosol Science and Technology
2004;38(S1):68-81.
Nucleation events during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study: description
and relation to key meteorological, gas phase, and aerosol parameters.
Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(Sl):253-264.
Measurement of ambient aerosol composition during the PMTACS-NY
2001 campaign using an aerosol mass spectrometer. Part I: Mass
concentrations. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(S1):92-103.
Positive and negative artifacts in particulate organic carbon
measurements with denuded and undenuded sampler configurations.
Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(Sl):27-48.
Chase studies of particulate emissions from in-use New York City
vehicles. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(6):555-573.
Estimation of organic carbon blank values and error structures of the
speciation trends network data for source apportionment. Journal of the
Air & Waste Management Association 2005;55(8): 1190-1 199.
Review of the governing equations, computational algorithms, and other
components of the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality
(CMAQ) modeling system. Applied Mechanics Reviews 2006;59:51-77.
Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: an investigative review.
Aerosol Science and Technology 2006;40(l):27-67.
Table 9. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Environment/Ecology (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
ESI
Threshold
First Author
Paper
175
103
Liao D
Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic
control in the elderly. Environmental Health Perspectives
1999;107(7):521-525.
208
Laden F
Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily
mortality in six U.S. cities. Environmental Health Perspectives
2000;108(10):941-947.
83
77
Fine PM
Chemical characterization of fine particle emissions from the fireplace
combustion of woods grown in the northeastern United States.
Environmental Science & Technology 2001;35(13):2665-2675.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
No. of
Cites
83
94
67
144
34
40
44
45
58
59
17
18
19
22
23
ESI
Threshold
77
77
48
48
34
34
34
34
34
34
17
17
17
17
17
First Author
Jang M
Dockery DW
ParkK
LiN
Landrigan PJ
Chow JC
XiaT
Zhang Q
Pope CA
Gao S
Reisen F
Delfmo RJ
Dockery DW
Zanobetti A
LimH
Paper
Atmospheric secondary aerosol formation by heterogeneous reactions of
aldehydes in the presence of a sulfuric acid aerosol catalyst.
Environmental Science & Technology 2001;35(24):4758-4766.
Epidemiologic evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air
pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 2001;109(S4):483-486.
Relationship between particle mass and mobility for diesel exhaust
particles. Environmental Science & Technology 2003;37(3):577-583.
Ultrafme particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial
damage . Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(4):455-460.
Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center
disaster. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004; 112(6):73 1-739.
Equivalence of elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance and
transmittance with different temperature protocols. Environmental
Science & Technology 2004;38(16):4414-4422.
Quinones and aromatic chemical compounds in particulate matter induce
mitochondrial dysfunction: implications for ultrafine particle toxicity.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;! 12(14): 1347-1358.
Insights into the chemistry of new particle formation and growth events
in Pittsburgh based on aerosol mass spectrometry. Environmental
Science & Technology 2004;38(18):4797-4809.
Ambient particulate air pollution, heart rate variability, and blood
markers of inflammation in a panel of elderly subjects. Environmental
Health Perspectives 2004;! 12(3):339-345.
Particle phase acidity and oligomer formation in secondary organic
aerosol. Environmental Science & Technology 2004;38(24):6582-6589.
Atmospheric reactions influence seasonal PAH and nitro-PAH
concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin. Environmental Science &
Technology 2005;39(l):64-73.
Potential role of ultrafine particles in associations between airborne
particle mass and cardiovascular health. Environmental Health
Perspectives 2005;! 13(8):934-946.
Association of air pollution with increased incidence of ventricular
tachyarrhythmias recorded by implanted cardioverter defibrillators.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2005; 1 13 (6): 670-674.
The effect of particulate air pollution on emergency admissions for
myocardial infarction: a multicity case-crossover analysis.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;! 13(8):978-982.
Isoprene forms secondary organic aerosol through cloud processing:
model simulations. Environmental Science & Technology
2005;39(12):4441-4446.
10
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
No. of
Cites
25
26
27
40
133
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
13
ESI
Threshold
17
17
17
17
17
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
First Author
Park SK
Bahrein! R
Lough GC
Zhang Q
Oberdorster G
Selgrade MK
Dubowsky SD
Elder A
Okin GS
Shrivastava
MK
Donahue NM
Presto AA
McConnell R
Paper
Effects of Air Pollution on Heart Rate Variability: The VA Normative
Aging Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;! 13(3):304-309.
Measurements of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of
cycloalkenes, terpenes, and m-xylene using an Aerodyne aerosol mass
spectrometer. Environmental Science & Technology 2005;39(15):5674-
5688.
Emissions of metals associated with motor vehicle roadways.
Environmental Science & Technology 2005;39(3):826-836.
Deconvolution and quantification of hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated
organic aerosols based on aerosol mass spectrometry. Environmental
Science & Technology 2005;39(13):4938-4952.
Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of
ultrafine particles . Environmental Health Perspectives 2005 ; 1 1 3 (7) : 823 -
839.
Induction of asthma and the environment: what we know and need to
know. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(4):615-619.
Diabetes, obesity, and hypertension may enhance associations between
air pollution and markers of systematic inflammation. Environmental
Health Perspectives 2006;! 14(7):992-998.
Translocation of inhaled ultrafine manganese oxide particles to the
central nervous system. Environmental Health Perspectives
2006;! 14(8): 1172-1 178.
Multi-scale controls on and consequences of aeolian processes in
landscape change in arid and semi -arid environments. Journal of Arid
Environments 2006;65(2):253-275.
Modeling semivolatile organic aerosol mass emissions from combustion
systems. Environmental Science & Technology 2006;40(8):2671-2677.
Coupled partitioning, dilution, and chemical aging of semivolatile
organics. Environmental Science & Technology 2006;40(8):2635-2643.
Investigation of a-pinene + ozone secondary organic aerosol formation at
low total aerosol mass. Environmental Science & Technology
2006;40(ll):3536-3543.
Traffic, susceptibility, and childhood asthma. Environmental Health
Perspectives 2006;! 14(5):766-772.
11
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 10. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Geosciences (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
116
148
149
121
166
170
188
112
130
174
92
178
121
42
53
ESI
Threshold
114
114
114
98
98
98
98
85
85
85
69
69
54
41
41
First Author
WangYH
WangYH
Nenes A
Simpson D
Griffin RJ
YuJ
Simoneit BRT
Russell A
Fuentes JD
Guenther A
Sokolik IN
Huser RB
ZhuY
Binkowski FS
Orsini DA
Paper
Global simulation of tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry, 2.
Model evaluation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
1998;103(D9): 10727-10756.
Global simulation of tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry, 1.
Model formulation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
1998;103(D9): 10713-10726.
ISORROPIA: a new thermodynamic equilibrium model for multiphase
multicomponent inorganic aerosols. Aquatic Geochemistry 1998;4:123-
152.
Inventorying emissions from nature in Europe. Journal of Geophysical
Research-Atmospheres 1999;104(D7):81 13-8152.
Organic aerosol formation from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 1999;104(D3):3555-3567.
Gas-Phase ozone oxidation of monoterpenes: gaseous and particulate
products. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 1999;34(2):207-258.
Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric
particles. Atmospheric Environment 1999;33(2): 173-182.
NARSTO critical review of photochemical models and modeling.
Atmospheric Environment 2000;34(12-14):2283-2324.
Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer: a review.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2000;8 1 (7) : 1 537- 1 575 .
Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon
monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America. Atmospheric
Environment 2000;34(12-14):2205-2230.
Introduction to special section: outstanding problems in quantifying the
radiative impact of mineral dust. Journal of Geophysical Research-
Atmospheres 2001;106(D16): 18015-18027.
Asian dust events of April 1998. Journal of Geophysical Research-
Atmospheres 2QQl;W6(pl6):l%3n-l%33Q.
Study of ultrafine particles near a major highway with heavy-duty diesel
traffic. Atmospheric Environment 2002;36(27):4323-4335.
Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model aerosol
component. 1. Model description. Journal of Geophysical Research-
Atmospheres 2003;108(D6):4183.
Refinements to the particle -into-liquid sampler (PILS) for ground and
airborne measurements of water soluble aerosol composition.
Atmospheric Environment 2003;37(9-10):243-1259.
12
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
No. of
Cites
85
29
31
31
18
27
32
8
8
8
12
3
3
ESI
Threshold
41
29
29
29
18
18
18
7
7
7
7
3
3
First Author
Jiminez JL
Zhang KM
Wittig AE
KimE
McKeen S
Edney EO
Zhang Q
Hallock-
Waters KA
Offenberg JH
Takegawa N
Guenther A
Kondo Y
Pathak RK
Paper
Ambient aerosol sampling using the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass
Spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
2003;108(D7):8425.
Evolution of particle number distribution near roadways: Part II: The
"road-to-ambient" process. Atmospheric Environment 2004;38(38):6655-
6665.
Pittsburgh Air Quality Study overview. Atmospheric Environment
2004;38(20):3 107-3 125.
Improving source identification of Atlanta aerosol using temperature
resolved carbon fractions in positive matrix factorization. Atmospheric
Environment 2QQ4;3%(2Q):3349-3362.
Assessment of an ensemble of seven real-time ozone forecasts over
eastern North America during the summer of 2004. Journal of
Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2005;! 10(D21307).
Formation of 2-methyl tetrols and 2-methylgly eerie acid in secondary
organic aerosol from laboratory irradiated isoprene/NOx/SO2/air mixtures
and their detection in ambient PM2 5 samples collected in the eastern
United States. Atmospheric Environment 2QQ5;39(29):52& 1-5289.
Hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols in Pittsburgh: insights
into sources and processes or organic aerosols. Atmospheric Chemistry
and Physics 2005;5(l2):3289-33ll.
Carbon monoxide in the U. S. Mid-Atlantic troposphere: evidence for a
decreasing trend. Geophysical Research Letters 2006;26(1 8) :286 1-2864.
Thermal properties of secondary organic aerosols. Geophysical Research
Zeffers2006;33(3):L03816.
Seasonal and diurnal variations of submicron organic aerosol in Tokyo
observed using the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer. Journal of
Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2006;! 1 1(D1 1206).
Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model
of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature/ Journal of
Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2006;6: 3 181-3210.
Oxygenated and water-soluble organic aerosols in Tokyo. Journal of
Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2007;! 12(D1):DO 1203.
Ozonolysis of a-pinene at atmospherically relevant concentrations:
Temperature dependence of aerosol mass fractions (yields). Journal of
Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2007; 1 12(D3):D0320 1 .
13
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 11. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Multidisciplinary (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
117
155
ESI
Threshold
55
93
First Author
Gard EE
Jang M
Paper
Direct Observation of Heterogeneous Chemistry in the Atmosphere.
Science 1998;279(5354): 1 184-1 187.
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Aerosol Production by Acid-Catalyzed
Particle-Phase Reactions. Science 2002;298(5594):814-817.
Table 12. Highly Cited Air Papers in the Field of Pharmacology & Toxicology (top 1%)
No. of
Cites
157
102
ESI
Threshold
99
44
First Author
Oberdorster G
Oberdorster G
Paper
Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles. International Archives
of Occupational and Environmental Health 2001;74(1): 1-8.
Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhalation
Toxicology 2QQ4;l6(6-7):437 -445.
Table 13. Number of Very Highly Cited Papers by Field (Top 0.1%)
ESI Field
Chemistry
Clinical Medicine
Economics & Business
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
No. of
Citations
3
639
7
671
277
178
Total =
1,775
No. of
Papers
1
2
1
7
2
1
Total =
14
Average
Cites/Paper
3.0
319.5
7.0
95.8
138.5
178.0
126.8
% of Air
Papers in
Field
0.7%
0.8%
33.3%
1.9%
0.5%
0.2%
0.7%
Table 14. Very Highly Cited Air Papers (top 0.1%)
ESI Field
Chemistry
ESI
Threshold
3
No. of
Cites
3
First Author
Rudich Y
Paper
Aging of organic aerosol: bridging the gap between
laboratory and field studies. Annual Review of Physical
Chemistry 2007;58:321-352.
14
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
ESI Field
ESI
Threshold
No. of
Cites
First Author
Paper
Clinical
Medicine
288
634
Pope CA
Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term
exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Journal of the
American Medical Association 2002;287(9): 1 132-1 141 .
Miller KA
Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of
cardiovascular events in women. New England Journal of
Medicine 2007;356(5):447-458.
Economics &
Business
PengRD
Model choice in time series studies of air pollution and
mortality. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A
(Statistics in Society) 2006;169(2): 179-203.
Engineering
116
207
Jane JT
Development of an aerosol mass spectrometer for size and
composition analysis of submicron particles. Aerosol
Science and Technology 2000;33(l-2):49-70.
116
209
Richter H
Formation of poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their
growth to soot - a review of chemical reaction pathways.
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2000;26(4-
6):565-608.
76
130
ZhuYF
Concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles near
a major highway. Journal of the Air & Waste Management
Association 2002;52(9): 1032-1042.
39
39
Subramanian
R
Positive and negative artifacts in particulate organic carbon
measurements with denuded and undenuded sampler
configurations. Aerosol Science and Technology
2004;38(Sl):27-48.
39
55
Canagaratna
M
Chase studies of particulate emissions from in-use New
York City vehicles. Aerosol Science and Technology
2004;38(6):555-573.
14
ByunD
Review of the governing equations, computational
algorithms, and other components of the Models-3
Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling
system. Applied Mechanics Reviews 2006;59:51-77.
17
Bond TC
Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: an investigative
review. Aerosol Science and Technology 2006;40(l):27-67.
Environment/
Ecology
116
144
LiN
Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and
mitochondrial damage. Environmental Health Perspectives
2003;111(4):455-460.
43
133
Oberdorster G
Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from
studies of ultrafine particles. Environmental Health
Perspectives 2QQ5;ll3(7):823-839.
15
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
ESI Field
Geosciences
ESI
Threshold
176
No. of
Cites
178
First Author
Huser RB
Paper
Asian dust events of April 1998. Journal of Geophysical
Research-Atmospheres 2001;106(D16): 183 17-18330.
Ratio of Actual Cites to Expected Citation Rates
The expected citation rate is the average number of cites that a paper published in the same journal in
the same year and of the same document type (article, review, editorial, etc.) has received from the
year of publication to the present. Using the ESI average citation rates for papers published by field as
the benchmark, in 15 of the 19 fields in which the EPA air papers were published, the ratio of actual to
expected cites is greater than 1, indicating that the air papers are more highly cited than the average
papers in those fields (see Table 15). For one field, the ratio is equal to 1, indicating that the papers in
that ESI field are cited the same as the average paper. For all 19 fields combined, the ratio of total
number of cites to the total number of expected cites (34,562 to 15,305.25) is 2.2, indicating that the
air papers are more highly cited than the average paper.
Table 15. Ratio of Actual Cites to Expected Cites for Air Papers by Field
ESI Field
Biology & Biochemistry
Chemistry
Clinical Medicine
Computer Science
Economics & Business
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Immunology
Materials Science
Mathematics
Microbiology
Molecular Biology & Genetics
Multidisciplinary
Neuroscience & Behavior
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Total
Cites
546
2,375
6,479
15
25
4,259
7,910
8,477
377
1
35
22
62
421
227
2,951
Expected Cite
Rate
570.96
1,476.02
2,404.04
14.06
7.29
1,178.88
3,299.45
3,378.05
225.52
9.72
15.00
20.07
202.11
42.32
330.78
1,868.21
Ratio
1.0
1.6
2.7
1.1
3.4
3.6
2.4
2.5
1.7
0.1
2.3
1.1
0.3
9.9
0.7
1.6
16
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
ESI Field
Physics
Plant & Animal Science
Social Sciences, general
TOTAL
Total
Cites
194
124
62
34,562
Expected Cite
Rate
138.43
88.47
35.87
15,305.25
Ratio
1.4
1.4
1.7
2.2
JCR Benchmarks
Impact Factor. The JCR Impact Factor is a well known metric in citation analysis. It is a measure of
the frequency with which the "average article" in a journal has been cited in a particular year. The
Impact Factor helps evaluate a journal's relative importance, especially when compared to others in the
same field. The Impact Factor is calculated by dividing the number of citations in the current year to
articles published in the 2 previous years by the total number of articles published in the 2 previous
years.
Table 16 indicates the number of air papers published in the top 10% of journals, based on the JCR
Impact Factor. Six hundred ninety-six (696) of 2,064 papers were published in the top 10% of
journals, representing 33.7% of EPA's air papers. This indicates that more than one-third of the air
papers are published in the highest quality journals as determined by the JCR Impact Factor, which is
3.4 times higher than the expected percentage.
Table 16. Air Papers in Top 10% of Journals by JCR Impact Factor
EPA Air
Papers in
that Journal
2
7
3
5
1
1
10
1
2
27
7
Journal
New England Journal of Medicine
Science
Lancet
JAMA — Journal of the American Medical Association
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
Circulation
Nano Letters
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Impact
Factor
(IF)
51.296
30.028
25.800
23.175
15.754
11.250
10.940
9.960
9.643
9.091
8.829
JCR IF
Rank
2
9
18
23
42
83
88
110
116
131
136
17
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
EPA Air
Papers in
that Journal
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
5
1
130
4
14
6
1
12
1
4
2
1
1
27
1
18
1
5
1
Journal
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Cancer Research
Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research
Journal of Neuroscience
FASEB Journal
Critical Care Medicine
Journal of Immunology
Plant Physiology
Thorax
American Journal of Pathology
Environmental Health Perspectives
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Free Radical Biology & Medicine
Stroke
American Journal of Epidemiology
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
European Respiratory Journal
TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Cellular Signaling
Faraday Discussions
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Environmental Microbiology
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Journal of Catalysis
International Journal of Epidemiology
Impact
Factor
(IF)
8.293
7.977
7.696
7.656
7.579
7.453
6.721
6.599
6.293
6.125
6.064
5.917
5.861
5.808
5.646
5.440
5.391
5.241
5.138
5.076
5.068
4.887
4.731
4.722
4.630
4.593
4.572
4.533
4.517
JCR IF
Rank
149
156
168
172
175
177
206
211
223
232
237
249
255
260
276
289
293
308
325
335
337
363
393
397
406
412
415
418
424
18
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
EPA Air
Papers in
that Journal
1
2
24
2
3
1
36
4
2
167
1
2
3
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
3
1
41
1
1
4
3
Journal
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Epidemiology
American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and
Molecular Physiology
Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms
of Mutagenesis
Environmental Science & Technology
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
Chest
Carbon
Experimental Cell Research
Human Reproduction
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory
Physiology
American Journal of Public Health
Journal of Cellular Physiology
Clinical Immunology
Optics Letters
Toxicological Sciences
Biochemical Pharmacology
Genomics
Journal of Chromatography A
Journal of Neuroscience Research
Impact
Factor
(IF)
4.491
4.362
4.339
4.334
4.333
4.289
4.250
4.115
4.111
4.040
3.956
3.942
3.924
3.884
3.777
3.769
3.728
3.724
3.698
3.638
3.606
3.598
3.598
3.581
3.558
3.554
3.476
JCR IF
Rank
431
449
452
455
456
463
472
501
505
518
545
548
552
562
596
599
614
616
626
646
659
662
662
667
676
678
704
19
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
EPA Air
Papers in
that Journal
1
1
15
2
8
1
38
1
Total = 696
Journal
Ecological Applications
Cancer Letters
Journal of Applied Physiology
Journal of Chemical Physics
Chemical Research in Toxicology
Remote Sensing of Environment
Journal of Physical Chemistry A
American Journal of Cardiology
Impact
Factor
(IF)
3.470
3.277
3.178
3.166
3.162
3.064
3.047
3.015
JCR IF
Rank
708
111
807
814
818
855
863
876
Immediacy Index. The JCR Immediacy Index is a measure of how quickly the average article in a
journal is cited. It indicates how often articles published in a journal are cited within the year they are
published. The Immediacy Index is calculated by dividing the number of citations to articles published
in a given year by the number of articles published in that year.
Table 17 indicates the number of air papers published in the top 10% of journals, based on the JCR
Immediacy Index. Nine hundred sixty-six (966) of the 2,064 papers appear in the top 10% of journals,
representing 46.8% of the air papers. This indicates that nearly one-half of the air papers are published
in the highest quality journals as determined by the JCR Immediacy Index, which is 4.7 times higher
than the expected percentage.
Table 17. Air Papers in Top 10% of Journals by JCR Immediacy Index
EPA Air
Papers in that
Journal
2
5
3
7
1
1
10
1
Journal
New England Journal of Medicine
JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
Lancet
Science
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Faraday Discussions
Circulation
International Journal of Epidemiology
Immediacy
Index
(II)
12.743
7.781
7.419
5.555
3.911
2.766
2.674
2.200
JCR II
Rank
2
4
6
16
29
59
63
84
20
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
EPA Air
Papers in that
Journal
27
7
1
2
1
4
1
1
5
24
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
3
4
12
1
15
2
130
1
Journal
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America
Critical Care Medicine
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Nano Letters
Thorax
Epidemiology
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Journal of Neuroscience
Stroke
FASEB Journal
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Cancer Research
Cellular Signaling
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Chest
European Respiratory Journal
American Journal of Epidemiology
Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research
Journal of Applied Physiology
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Immediacy
Index
(II)
2.006
1.790
1.762
1.758
1.641
1.534
1.510
1.485
1.460
1.437
1.397
1.319
1.242
1.241
1.222
1.220
1.213
1.131
1.110
1.110
1.108
1.091
1.050
1.026
1.015
0.994
0.982
JCRll
Rank
98
118
124
126
146
166
168
177
184
187
194
216
237
238
243
246
249
281
291
291
294
306
331
343
350
373
376
21
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
EPA Air
Papers in that
Journal
18
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
36
2
14
2
1
1
2
6
5
1
1
41
38
2
4
1
1
145
Journal
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular
Biology
American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology
Plant Physiology
Journal of Immunology
Journal of Cellular Physiology
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Environmental Microbiology
Computer Physics Communications
American Journal of Pathology
American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and
Molecular Physiology
Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Analytical Chemistry
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Optics Letters
American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory
Physiology
TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Free Radical Biology & Medicine
Journal of Catalysis
American Journal of Public Health
Human Reproduction
Toxicological Sciences
Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Journal of Chemical Physics
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Biochemical Pharmacology
Carbon
Journal of Geophysical Research
Immediacy
Index
(II)
0.925
0.906
0.900
0.886
0.867
0.866
0.850
0.845
0.833
0.832
0.808
0.795
0.791
0.778
0.777
0.752
0.751
0.751
0.740
0.734
0.734
0.730
0.721
0.712
0.705
0.690
0.684
JCRll
Rank
404
417
423
435
453
454
469
478
487
493
513
524
531
543
547
578
580
580
588
597
597
602
616
631
641
664
673
22
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
EPA Air
Papers in that
Journal
1
1
8
1
1
1
167
5
1
4
5
1
1
3
6
7
135
Total = 966
Journal
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Chemical Research in Toxicology
Genomics
Cancer Letters
Monthly Weather Review
Environmental Science & Technology
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and
Oncology
Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Boundary-Layer Meteorology
American Journal of Cardiology
Equine Veterinary Journal
Clinical Immunology
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental
Epidemiology
Environmental Research
Aerosol Science and Technology
Immediacy
Index
(II)
0.669
0.668
0.663
0.659
0.658
0.654
0.646
0.646
0.639
0.637
0.629
0.615
0.611
0.604
0.596
0.583
0.571
JCRll
Rank
690
691
703
706
707
716
729
729
742
746
758
781
790
804
821
844
872
Hot Papers
ESI establishes citation thresholds for hot papers, which are selected from the highly cited papers in
different fields, but the time frame for citing and cited papers is much shorter—papers must be cited
within 2 years of publication and the citations must occur in a 2-month time period. Papers are
assigned to 2-month periods and thresholds are set for each period and field to select 0.1% of papers.
There were no hot papers identified for the current 2-month period (i.e., March-April 2007), but there
were a number of hot papers identified from previous periods.
Using the hot paper thresholds established by ESI as a benchmark, 52 hot papers, representing 2.5% of
the air papers, were identified in six fields—Clinical Medicine, Engineering, Environment/Ecology,
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, and Pharmacology & Toxicology. The number of air hot papers is 25
times higher than expected. The hot papers are listed in Table 18.
23
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 18. Hot Papers Identified Using ESI Thresholds
Field
ESI Hot
Papers
Threshold
No. of Cites
in 2-Month
Period
Paper
Clinical Medicine
7
7 cites in
March-April
2002
Peters A, et al. Increased participate air pollution and the
triggering of myocardial infarction. Circulation
2001;103(23):2810-2815.
12
21 cites in
August-
September
2003
Pope CA, et al. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality
and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution.
Journal of the American Medical Association
2002;287(9):1132-1141.
10
11 cites in
November-
December
2005
Peters A, et al. Exposure to traffic and the onset of
myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine
2004;351(17):1721-1730.
13
19 cites in
November-
December
2005
Pope CA, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term
exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological
evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease.
Circulation 2004;109(l):71-77.
3 cites in July
2005
Ito K, et al. Associations between ozone and daily
mortality: analysis and meta-analysis. Epidemiology
2005;16(4):446-457.
Engineering
4 cites in
October-
November
2001
Christoforou CS, et al. Trends in fine particle concentration
and chemical composition in southern California. Journal
of the Air & Waste Management Association 2000;50(1):43-
53.
4 cites in July
2001
Richter H, Howard JB. Formation of poly cyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons and their growth to soot - a review of
chemical reaction pathways. Progress in Energy and
Combustion Science 2000;26(4-6):565-608.
3 cites in
May 2001
Vanderpool RW, et al. Evaluation of the loading
characteristics of the EPA WINSPM 2.5 separator. Aerosol
Science and Technology 2001;34(5):444-456.
5 cites in
May 2001
Peters TM, et al. Design and calibration of the EPA PM2 5
well impactor ninety-six (WINS). Aerosol Science and
Technology 2001;34(5):389-397.
5 cites in
March- April
2003
Weber RJ, et al. A particle-into-liquid collector for rapid
measurement of aerosol bulk chemical composition.
Aerosol Science and Technology 2001;35(3):718-727.
4 cites in
November-
December
2005
McMurry PH, et al. The relationship between mass and
mobility for atmospheric particles: A new technique for
measuring particle density. Aerosol Science and Technology
2002;36(2):227-238.
24
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Field
ESI Hot
Papers
Threshold
No. of Cites
in 2-Month
Period
Paper
Engineering
3 cites in
March- April
2003
Weber R, et al. Short-term temporal variation in PM2 5 mass
and chemical composition during the Atlanta Supersite
Experiment, 1999. Journal of the Air & Waste Management
Association 2003;53(1):84-91.
4 cites in
July 2003
Fujita, et al. Diurnal and weekday variations in source
contributions of ozone precursors in California's South
Coast Air Basin. Journal of the Air & Waste Management
Association 2003;53(7):844-863.
3 cites in
November-
December
2003
Lewis CW, et al. Source apportionment of Phoenix PM25
aerosol with the Unmix receptor model. Journal of the Air
& Waste Management Association 2003;53(3):325-338.
3 cites in
February 2004
Vette A, et al. Environmental research in response to 9/11
and homeland security. EM: Air & Waste Management
Association's Magazine for Environmental Managers
2004:Feb: 14-22.
4 cites in
March-April
2005
Russell M, et al. Daily, seasonal, and spatial trends in PM2 5
mass and composition in Southeast Texas. Aerosol Science
and Technology 2004;38(S1): 14-26.
4 cites in
March-April
2005
Zhu YF, et al. Seasonal trends of concentration and size
distribution of ultrafine particles near major highways in Los
Angeles. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(S1):5-
13.
3 cites in
September-
October 2004
Cho AK, et al. Determination of four quinones in diesel
exhaust particles, SRM 1649a and atmospheric PM2 5.
Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(S1):68-81.
4 cites in
November-
December
2004
Drewnick F, et al. Measurement of ambient aerosol
composition during the PMTACS-NY 2001 campaign using
an aerosol mass spectrometer. Part I: Mass concentrations.
Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(S1):92-103.
4 cites in
November-
December
2005
Canagaratna MR, et al. Chase studies of particulate
emissions from in-use New York City vehicles. Aerosol
Science and Technology 2004;38(6):555-573.
Environment/
Ecology
3 cites in
March-April
2001
Lumley T, Levy D. Bias in the case-crossover design:
implications for studies of air pollution. Environmetrics
2000;11(6):689-704.
3 cites in
August 2000
Stolzenburg MR, Hering SV. Method for the automated
measurement of fine particle nitrate in the atmosphere.
Environmental Science & Technology 2000;34(5):907-914.
25
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Field
ESI Hot
Papers
Threshold
No. of Cites
in 2-Month
Period
Paper
Environment/
Ecology
6 cites in
September-
October 2001
Schwartz J. Assessing Confounding, Effect modification,
and thresholds in the association between ambient particles
and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives
2000;108(6):563-568.
5 cites in
August 2001
Seila RL, et al. Atmospheric volatile organic compound
measurements during the 1996 Paso Del Norte Ozone Study.
Science of the Total Environment 2QQ\;276(\-3): 153-169.
6 cites in
August 2001
Fujita EM. Hydrocarbon source apportionment for the 1996
Paso del Norte Ozone Study. Science of the Total
Environment 200l;276(l-3): 171-184.
6 cites in
September-
October 2003
Jang MS, et al. Atmospheric secondary aerosol formation
by heterogeneous reactions of aldehydes in the presence of a
sulfuric acid aerosol catalyst. Environmental Science &
recAno/ogy2001;35(24):4758-4766.
5 cites in
November-
December
2004
Jang MS, et al. Particle growth by acid-catalyzed
heterogeneous reactions of organic carbonyls on pre-existing
aerosols. Environmental Science & Technology
2003;37(17):3828-3837.
7 cites in
May-June
2004
Li N, et al. Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative
stress and mitochondrial damage. Environmental Health
Perspectives 2003 ;111(4) :455-460.
3 cites in
April-May
2004
Sexton K, et al. Comparison of personal, indoor, and
outdoor exposures to hazardous air pollutants in three urban
communities. Environmental Science & Technology
2004;38(2):423-430.
2 cites in
August 2004
Landrigan PJ, et al. Health and environmental consequences
of the World Trade Center Disaster. Environmental Health
Perspectives 2004;! 12(6):731-739.
9 cites in
June-July
2006
Gao S, et al. Particle Phase Acidity and Oligomer
Formation in Secondary Organic Aerosol. Environmental
Science & Technology 2004;38(24):6582-6589.
4 cites in
May-June
2006
Thurston GD, et al. Workgroup report: workshop on source
apportionment of particulate matter health effects—
intercomparison of results and implications. Environmental
Health Perspectives 2005;! 13(12): 1768-1774.
3 cites in
September
2005
Koenig JQ, et al. Pulmonary effects of indoor- and outdoor-
generated particles in children with asthma. Environmental
Health Perspectives 2005;! 13 (4): 499-5 03.
26
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Field
ESI Hot
Papers
Threshold
No. of Cites
in 2-Month
Period
Paper
Environment/
Ecology
10
4 cites in
March-April
2006
Presto AA, et al. Secondary organic aerosol production
from terpene ozonolysis. 1. Effect of UV radiation.
Environmental Science & Technology 2005;39(18):7036-
7045.
6 cites in
August-
September
2006
Dockery DW, et al. Association of air pollution with
increased incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias
recorded by implanted cardioverter defibrillators.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2005; 113 (6): 670-674.
7 cites in
December
2005-January
2006
Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. The effect of particulate air
pollution on emergency admissions for myocardial
infarction: a multicity case-crossover analysis.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;! 13(8):978-982.
6 cites in July-
August 2006
Park SK, et al. Effects of air pollution on heart rate
variability: The VA Normative Aging Study.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;! 13(3):304-309.
6 cites in
March-April
2006
Bahreini R, et al. Measurements of secondary organic
aerosol from oxidation of cycloalkenes, terpenes, and m-
xylene using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer.
Environmental Science & Technology 2005;39(15):5674-
5688.
5 cites in
March-April
2006
Lough GC, et al. Emissions of metals associated with motor
vehicle roadways. Environmental Science & Technology
2005;39(3):826-836.
12 cites in
December-
2006-January
2007
Zhang Q, et al. Deconvolution and quantification of
hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols based on
aerosol mass spectrometry. Environmental Science &
7ec/2«o/ogy2005;39(13):4938-4952.
24 cites in
March-April
2007
Oberdorster G, et al. Nanotoxicology: an emerging
discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;! 13(7): 823-839.
4 cites in
February-
March 2007
Elder A. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine manganese
oxide particles to the central nervous system.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;! 14(8): 1172-1178.
Geosciences
5 cites in
June-July
2003
Huser RB, et al. Asian dust events of April 1998. Journal
of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
2001;106(D16):18317-18330.
10
10 cites in
June-July
2004
Orsini DA, et al. Refinements to the particle-into-liquid
sampler (PILS) for ground and airborne measurements of
water soluble aerosol composition. Atmospheric
Environment 2003;37(9-10): 1243-1259.
27
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Field
ESI Hot
Papers
Threshold
No. of Cites
in 2-Month
Period
Paper
Geosciences
4 cites in
June-July
2006
Grell GA, et al. Fully coupled "online" chemistry within the
WRF model. Atmospheric Environment 2005;39(37):6957-
6975.
6 cites in
November-
December
2006
McKeen S, et al. Assessment of an ensemble of seven real-
time ozone forecasts over eastern North America during the
summer of 2004. Journal of Geophysical Research-
Atmospheres 2005;110(D21):Art. No. D21307.
5 cites in
February-
March 2007
Guenther A. Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene
emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and
Aerosols from Nature). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
2006:6:3181-3210.
Multidisciplinary
10 cites in
May-June
2004
Jang MS, et al. Heterogeneous atmospheric aerosol
production by acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions.
Science 2002;298(5594):814-817.
Pharmacology &
Toxicology
6 cites in
April 2005
Lippmann M, et al. Effects of subchronic exposures to
concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice: I.
Introduction, objectives, and experimental plan. Inhalation
2005; 17(4-5): 177-187.
7 cites in April
2005
Maciejczyk P, et al. Effects of subchronic exposures to
concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice: II. The
design of a CAPs exposure system for biometric telemetry
monitoring. Inhalation Toxicology 2005;17(4-5):189-197.
2 cites in
September-
October 2006
Costa DL, et al. Comparative pulmonary toxicological
assessment of oil combustion particles following inhalation
or instillation exposure. Toxicological Sciences
2006;91(l):237-246.
2 cites in July
2003
Kodavanti UP, et al. Inhaled environmental combustion
particles cause myocardial injury in the Wistar Kyoto rat.
Toxicological Sciences 2003;71(2):237-245.
Author Self-Citation
Self-citations are journal article references to articles from that same author (i.e., the first author).
Because higher author self-citation rates can inflate the number of citations, the author self-citation rate
was calculated for the air papers. Of the 34,562 total cites, 1,605 are author self-cites—a 4.6% author
self-citation rate. Garfield and Sher3 found that authors working in research-based disciplines tend to
3 Garfield E, Sher IH. New factors in the evaluation of scientific literature through citation indexing. American
Documentation 1963;18(July):195-210.
28
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
cite themselves on the average of 20% of the time. MacRoberts and MacRoberts4 claim that
approximately 10% to 30% of all the citations listed fall into the category of author self-citation.
Kovacic and Misak5 recently reported a 20% author self-citation rate for medical literature. Therefore,
the 4.6% self-cite rate for the air papers is well below the range for author self-citation.
Highly Cited Researchers
A search ofThomson' sISIHighlyCited.com revealed that 59 (1.7%) of the 3,452 authors of the air
papers are highly cited researchers. ISIHighlyCited.com is a database of the world's most influential
researchers who have made key contributions to science and technology during the period from 1981
to 1999. The highly cited researchers identified during this analysis of the air publications are
presented in Table 19.
Table 19. Highly Cited Researchers Authoring Air Publications
Highly Cited
Researcher
Ames, Bruce N.
Andersen, Melvin E.
Anderson, James G.
Arey, Janet
Atkinson, Roger
Calvert, Jack G.
Carter, William P.L.
Cass, Glen R.
Corey, Lawrence
Dickey, David A.
Dockery, Douglas W.
Driscoll, Charles T.
Fehsenfeld, Fred C.
Folsom, Aaron R.
Fuster, Valentin
Affiliation
Children's Hospital Oakland Research
Institute
CUT Centers for Health Research
Harvard University
University of California-Riverside
University of California-Riverside
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
University of California-Riverside
Georgia Institute of Technology
University of Washington
North Carolina State University
Harvard University
Syracuse University
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
University of Minnesota
Mount Sinai Medical Center
ESI Field
Biology & Biochemistry
Molecular Biology & Genetics
Pharmacology
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
Clinical Medicine
Mathematics
Economics & Business
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Clinical Medicine
Clinical Medicine
4 MacRoberts MH, MacRoberts BR. Problems of citation analysis: a critical review. Journal of the American Society of
Information Science 1989;40(5):342-349.
5 Kavaci N, Misak A. Author self-citation in medical literature. Canadian Medical Association Journal
2004;170(13):1929-1930.
29
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Highly Cited
Researcher
Garcia, Rolando R.
Giorgi, Filippo
Kites, Ronald A.
Holben, Brent N.
Houk, Kendall N.
Hubler, Gerhard F.
Jacob, Daniel J.
Karl, Thomas R.
Kaufman, Yoram J.
Kawachi, Ichiro
Khalil, Mohammed
A.K.
Kloner, Robert A.
Koutrakis, Petros
Lay, Thorne
Likens, Gene E.
Lindberg, Steven E.
Liotta, Lance A.
Lioy, Paul J.
Lippmann, Morton
Logan, Jennifer A.
Madronich, Sasha
Mannucci, Pier M.
Mazurek, Monica A.
Pankow, James F.
Affiliation
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
Abdus Salam International Centre for
Theoretical Physics (Trieste, Italy)
Indiana University School of Public
and Environmental Affairs
National Air and Space
Administration Goddard Space Flight
Center
University of California-Los Angeles
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Harvard University
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
National Air and Space
Administration Goddard Space Flight
Center
Harvard School of Public Health
Portland State University
Good Samaritan Hospital
Harvard School of Public Health
University of California-Santa Cruz
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
National Cancer Institute
University of Medicine & Dentistry of
New Jersey
New York University School of
Medicine
Harvard University
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
Universita degli Studi di Milano
Rutgers University
Oregon Health and Science University
ESI Field
Geosciences
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Chemistry
Geosciences
Geosciences
Geosciences
Geosciences
Social Sciences, general
Environment/Ecology
Clinical Medicine
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
Clinical Medicine
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Geosciences
Clinical Medicine
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
30
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Highly Cited
Researcher
Parker, John (Jack) C.
Rasmussen, Reinhold
A.
Richards, James H.
Rogge, Wolfgang F.
Salawitch, Ross J.
Schwartz, Joel D.
Schwartz, Stephen E.
Seinfeld, John H.
Simoneit, Bernd R.T.
Speizer, Frank E.
Spengler, John D.
Trainer, Michael
Turco, Richard P.
Van Thiel, David H.
Wang, J.
Watson, John G.
Winer, Arthur M.
Wofsy, Steven C.
Wolff, George T.
Zeger, Scott L.
Total = 59
Affiliation
University of Tennessee
Oregon Health and Science University
University of California-Davis
Florida International University
California Institute of Technology
Harvard School of Public Health
Brookhaven National Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Oregon State University
Harvard Medical School
Harvard University
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
University of California-Los Angeles
Loyola University Medical Center
National Centers for Environmental
Prediction
Desert Research Institute
University of California-Los Angeles
Harvard University
General Motors Corporation
Johns Hopkins University
ESI Field
Environment/Ecology
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Pharmacology
Geosciences
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Engineering
Clinical Medicine
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Geosciences
Clinical Medicine
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Environment/Ecology
Geosciences
Environment/Ecology
Mathematics
Patents
There were 6 patents issued by investigators from 1998 to 2007 for research that was conducted under
EPA's air research program. The patents are listed in Table 20. Two of the 6 patents (33.3%) were
referenced by a total of 9 other patents.
31
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 20. Patents from the Air Research Program (1998-2007)
Piifpnt" ni*
-1. M.I.C111, \Jl
Patent
Application
No.
U.S. Patent
No. 6,890,372
U.S. Patent
No. 5,763,360
U.S. Patent
No. 6,226,852
U.S. Patent
No. 6,780,818
U.S. Patent
No. 7,168,292
Inventor(s)
Dasgupta PK
Morris KJ
LiJ
Gundel L
Daisey JM
Stevens RK
Gundel L
Daisey JM
Stevens RK
Gundel L
Daisey JM
Stevens RK
Gundel LA
Apte MG
Hansen AD
Black DR
Title
Denuder assembly for collection
and removal of soluble
atmospheric gases
Quantitative organic vapor-
particle sampler
Method for fabricating a
quantitative integrated diffusion
vapor-particle sampler for
sampling, detection and
quantitation of semi -volatile
organic gases, vapors and
particulate components
Quantitative organic vapor-
particle sampler
Apparatus for particulate matter
analysis
Patent/Patent
Application
Date
May 2005
June 1998
May 2001
August 2004
January 2007
Patents that
Referenced This Patent
None
Referenced by 6 patents:
(1)7, 122,065 Adapter
for low volume air
sampler
(2) 6,604,406 Human
portable preconcentrator
system
(3) 6,523,393 Human
portable preconcentrator
system
(4) 6,502,450 Single
detector differential
particulate mass monitor
with intrinsic correction
for volatilization losses
(5) 6,403,384 Device
and method for
analyzing a biologic
sample
(6) 6,035,701 Method
and system to locate
leaks in subsurface
containment structures
using tracer gases
Referenced by 3 patents:
(1)7, 159,475 Apparatus
and method of sampling
semivolatile compounds
(2) 7, 122,065 Adapter
for low volume air
sampler
(3) 7,089,747 Pressure
reduction apparatus and
method
None
None
32
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Patent or
Patent
Application
No.
U.S. Patent
No. 7,168,292
Inventor(s)
Gundel LA
Apte MG
Hansen AD
Black DR
Title
Apparatus for participate matter
analysis
Patent/Patent
Application
Date
January 2007
Patents that
Referenced This Patent
None
Additional ESI Parameters for Air Pollution Publications
Since the last bibliometric analysis for the Particulate Matter/Ozone Research Program, which was
conducted in 2005, ESI has begun analyzing special topics and reporting information such as the top
20 papers, top 20 authors, top 20 institutions, and top 20 countries for these special topics. One of the
of ESI special topics is Air Pollution. The parameters reported by ESI for the special topic of Air
Pollution are compared with the results of the analysis of the EPA Air Research Program publications
below.
Top 20 Papers in Air Pollution—A review ofESFs top 20 papers on the topic of air pollution
(published from January 1, 2003 to April 30, 2005), indicates that 4 (20.0% of the top 20 papers) are
papers from EPA's Air Research Program. These papers are listed in Table 21.
Top 20 Authors in Air Pollution—Eighteen ofESFs top 20 authors (90.0% of the top 20 authors) in air
pollution (ranked by total cites from 1995-2005) authored papers for EPA's Air Research Program.
These authors are listed in Table 22.
Table 21. EPA Air Papers in ESFs Top 20 Air Pollution Papers Overall
(Published from January 1, 2003 to April 30, 2005)
ESI Rank
3
4
9
13
EPA Air Program Publication
Pope CA, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to parti culate air
pollution — epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of
disease. Circulation 2004;109(l):71-77.
Binkowski FS, Roselle SJ. Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)
model aerosol component. 1 . Model description. Journal of Geophysical
Research-Atmospheres 2003 ; 1 08(D6) :4 1 83 .
Becker S, et al. Response of human alveolar macrophages to ultrafine, fine, and
coarse urban air pollution particles. Experimental Lung Research 2003;29(1):29-
44.
McConnell R, et al. Prospective Study of Air Pollution and Bronchitic Symptoms
in Children with Asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care
Medicine 2003;168(7):790-797.
33
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 22. ESPs Top 20 Overall Authors in Air Pollution (Ranked by Total Cites, 1995-2005)
ESI Rank
1
2
O
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Author
Schwartz, J.
Dockery, DW
Pope, CA
Samet, JM
Speizer, FE
Brunkekreef, B
Thun, MJ
Anderson, HR
Cass, GR
Peters, A
Burnett, RT
Zeger, SL
Katsouyanni, K
Wichmann HE
Donaldson, K
Macnee, W
Ohio, AJ
Dominici, F
Spix, C
Touloumi, G
Total Cites
2,537
2,473
1,973
1,255
1,193
967
952
906
869
770
668
653
640
606
598
598
577
556
546
539
Number of
Papers
93
35
29
28
11
55
4
31
27
39
39
15
35
27
7
7
12
16
13
18
Cites Per
Paper
27.28
70.66
68.03
44.82
108.45
17.58
238.00
29.23
32.19
19.74
17.13
43.53
18.29
22.44
85.43
85.43
48.08
34.75
42.00
29.94
EPA Air
Research
Paper Author
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Top 20 Countries Publishing in Air Pollution—The United States ranks number one among the top 20
countries publishing on air pollution. From 1995-2005, the United States published 1,608 papers that
were cited 16,899 times. The second ranking country, England, published 421 papers that were cited
3,295 times.
Top 20 Journals in Air Pollution—1,038 (50.2%) of the EPA Air Research Program papers were
published inESFs top 20 journals in air pollution (ranked by total cites from 1995-2005). The top 20
journals and the number of EPA air papers published in these journals are provided in Table 23.
34
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 23. ESPs Top 20 Journals in Air Pollution (Ranked by Total Cites, 1995-2005)
ESI
Rank
1
2
O
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Total
Journal
Atmospheric Environment
Environmental Health Perspectives
American Journal of Respiratory and
Critical Care Medicine
Epidemiology
Environmental Science & Technology
Lancet
American Journal of Epidemiology
Inhalation Toxicology
European Respiratory Journal
Journal of the Air & Waste
Management Association
Thorax
Science
Occupational and Environmental
Medicine
Journal of Geophysical Research-
Atmospheres
Journal of Epidemiology and
Community Health
Archives of Environmental Health
Environmental Pollution
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Indoor Air
JAMA- Journal of the American
Medical Association
Total
Cites
2,869
2,735
2,486
1,715
1,122
995
986
907
809
800
702
697
632
612
576
538
492
412
356
342
Number
of
Papers
344
148
66
544
93
28
55
56
52
110
25
27
54
74
38
48
71
75
48
11
Cites Per
Paper
8.34
18.48
37.67
3.15
12.06
35.54
17.93
16.20
15.56
7.27
28.08
25.81
11.70
8.27
15.16
11.21
6.93
5.49
7.42
31.09
Number of
EPA Air
Papers in
Journal
266
130
27
24
167
3
12
103
4
120
5
7
7
143
1
4
6
2
2
5
1,038
Top 20 Institutions Publishing on Air Pollution—Harvard University ranks number one on ESF s top
20 overall institutions publishing on air pollution with 192 papers (published from 1995-2005) that
were cited 4,771 times. Harvard University is one of the recipients of EPA grants that publishes under
the Air Research Program. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ranks number two with 175
publications that were cited 2,543 times. The top 20 institutions are listed in Table 24.
35
-------
Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Table 24. ESPs Top 20 Institutions Publishing on Air Pollution
(Ranked by Total Cites, 1995-2005)
ESI
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Institution
Harvard University
U.S. EPA
University of North Carolina
Brigham Young University
GSF Forschungszentrum Umwelt & Gesundheit
Johns Hopkins University
Health Canada
American Cancer Society
Wageningen University
Caltech
University of Athens
University of Groningen
St. George's Hospital
University of California-Berkeley
University of British Columbia
University of California-Irvine
University of Rochester
Napier University
Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-
Barcelona)
University of Maryland
Total
Cites
4,771
2,543
1,316
1,311
1,268
1,227
1,067
952
830
821
111
633
621
615
604
603
599
591
584
564
Number
of Papers
192
175
72
2
62
45
57
4
38
36
58
19
24
72
51
24
13
8
18
19
Cites Per
Paper
24.85
14.53
14.53
46.82
20.45
27.27
18.72
238.00
21.84
22.81
13.40
33.32
25.88
8.54
11.84
25.13
46.08
73.88
32.44
29.68
Air Pollution Publication Trends—According to ESI, the number of air pollution papers rose slightly
each year from 2000 to 2004; however, the number of cites and the number of cites/paper have been
declining since 1999. The number of air pollution papers published from 2001 to 2005 has declined
from the number published from 2000 to 2004, and the number of cites and cites/paper from 2001 to
2005 have declined as well. These trends are depicted in Figure 1. The number of EPA Air Research
Program publications, however, has increased slightly from 2001 to 2005 (1,257 publications) when
compared to the number published from 2000 to 2004 (1,240 publications). Like the overall air
pollution paper trends identified by ESI, the number of cites and the cites per paper have declined.
36
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Bibliometric Analysis of Air Research Program Journal Articles
Figure 1. Comparison of ESI Air Pollution Publication Trends with EPA Air Research Program
Publication Trends
D ESI Papers • EPA Papers
D ESI Cites • EPA Cites
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
nm
D ESI Cites/Paper • EPA Cites/Paper
37
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September21, 2007
ESI Field Distribution of Air Pollution Papers—The majority of air pollution papers from 1995 to 2005
were published in journals that fall within the ESI field of Clinical Medicine, followed by the fields of
Environment/Ecology, Geosciences, Engineering, and Chemistry. For the EPA air papers included in
this analysis, the majority of the papers were published in the ESI field of Geosciences, followed by
Environment/Ecology, Engineering, Clinical Medicine, and Pharmacology & Toxicology. The
distribution of air pollution papers among the 22 ESI fields and the distribution of the EPA air papers
for comparison are presented in Table 25.
Table 25. Comparison of Field Distribution of Air Pollution Papers (Ranked by Number of
Papers, 1995-2005) to Field Distribution of EPA Air Research Program Papers (Published from
1998-2007)
ESI
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Total
ESI Field
Clinical Medicine
Environment/ Ecology
Geosciences
Engineering
Chemistry
Social Sciences
Pharmacology &
Toxicology
Plant & Animal Science
Economics & Business
Immunology
Computer Science
Multidisciplinary
Materials Science
Biology & Biochemistry
Physics
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Agricultural Sciences
Mathematics
Microbiology
Neuroscience & Behavior
Psychiatry /Psychology
Space Science
Air Pollution Papers Overall
Total
Cites
12,689
7,534
4,144
1,921
450
598
1,572
433
440
357
91
829
48
74
126
279
72
60
23
8
3
1
32,422
Number
of
Papers
1,376
1,196
594
566
301
224
139
116
80
75
66
60
44
41
34
27
24
15
4
4
4
4
4,994
Cites
Per
Paper
9.22
6.30
6.98
3.39
1.50
2.67
11.31
3.73
5.50
4.76
1.38
13.82
1.09
1.8
3.71
10.33
3
4
5.75
2.00
0.75
0.25
6.49
%of
Papers
27.6%
24.0%
11.9%
11.3%
6.0%
4.5%
2.8%
2.3%
1.6%
1.5%
1.3%
1.2%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.5%
0.5%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
EPA Air Papers
Total
Cites
6,479
7,910
8,478
4,259
2,375
62
2,951
124
25
377
15
421
1
546
194
62
—
35
22
227
—
—
34,562
Number
of
Papers
260
435
490
360
150
13
220
11
3
14
4
10
2
41
15
8
—
7
1
20
—
—
2,064
Cites
Per
Paper
24.9
18.2
17.3
11.8
15.8
4.8
13.4
11.3
8.3
26.9
3.8
42.1
0.5
13.3
12.9
7.8
—
5.0
22.0
11.4
—
—
16.7
%of
Papers
12.6%
21.1%
23.7%
17.4%
7.3%
0.6%
10.7%
0.5%
0.1%
0.7%
0.2%
0.5%
0.1%
2.0%
0.7%
0.4%
—
0.3%
0.05%
1.0%
—
—
This bibliometric analysis was prepared by
Beverly Campbell, The Scientific Consulting Group, Inc.
under EPA Contract No. EP-C-05-015
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