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Environmental Results
Through Tribal/EPA Partnerships
Fiscal Year 2008 Accomplishments
Region 9/The Pacific Southwest
EPA-909-R-09-004
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Dear Readers,
Environmental Results Through Tribal/EPAPartnerships is our seventh annual
report on tribal accomplishments. It provides a valuable overview of our
collaboration with tribes in the Pacific Southwest Region.
Since the start of EPA's General Assistance Program in 1994,1 have been
privileged to work with the more than 140 federally recognized tribes in the
Pacific Southwest. Ihave seen nearly every tribe's commitment to protect tribal
environmental health and natural resources grow stronger. I am proud of what
we have accomplished together.
In partnership with EPA, tribes are working toward the shared goals of clean
air, clean water, clean land, and healthy communities. The accomplishments
achieved in 2008 are numerous.
Among the successes included in this report are developing and implementing a five-year plan to address
uranium contamination of houses, wells, mine sites, mills, and dumpsites on the Navajo Nation; cleaning up
72 open dumps on tribal lands; and increasing tribal environmental law enforcement capacity.
This report does more than highlightthe accomplishments of tribes in partnership with EPA. It also inspires
us to continue working collaboratively and on a government to government basis to protect the future of
tribal members and tribal lands and waters for generations yet to come.
For more information on tribal environmental accomplishments, please visit our Web site atwww.epa.gov/
region09/indian/success/.
Sincerely,
Laura Yoshii
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 9
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Table of Contents
Tribal Results
Healthy Tribal Communities
Protecting Tribal Lands
Clean & Safe Water
13
Clean Air
15
Compliance & Stewardship
17
Region 9 Tribal Program Office
20
EPA Pacific Southwest/Region 9
21
Cover Photo: DanMosley, Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe
Basket Design: Yurok Tribe of the Yurok Reservation
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Tribal Results
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Tribes in the Pacific Southwest have made great pro-
gress in building environmental capacity and creating
an environmental presence in Indian Country. Of the
146 federally recognized tribes, 125 tribes and four
inter-tribal consortia in the region currently receive
U.S. EPA General Assistance Program (GAP) grants to
continue building their capacity to develop environ-
mental protection programs. Ninety tribes have codes
or policies, an increase of five from 2007. Eighty-four
tribes are monitoring the environment, up from 74 last
year. Ten tribes have federal program authorizations, an
increase of four over last year's total of six.
Number of Tribes and Tribal Consortia
Developing Environmental Programs
with GAP Grants
ifl
L
Tribes and Consortia Developing Environmental Programs
Environmental conditions on many reservations in the
Pacific Southwest Region are challenging. More than
one-third of reservation households are at or below
the federal poverty level. Nineteen percent of homes
lack complete plumbing. More than 1,300 open dumps
can still be found on tribal lands. Over a third of the
tribes in the region are located in areas that do not
meet air quality standards.
EPA is working in partnership with tribes to face these
challenges head-on. Together, we are achieving positive
results! Working as partners, tribes and EPA have made
significant progress in protecting tribal lands, waters,
air and other resources.
2008 Environmental Achievement
Award Winner
The Environmental Department of the La Jolla Band
of Luiseno Indians is a leader in solid waste manage-
ment, reducing illegal dumping and burning on the res-
ervation by ensuring proper waste management. The
Environmental Department has put its new solid waste
transfer station into operation, removed over 4,000
worn-out, abandoned tires from the reservation, started
a recycling program for tribal offices, and partnered with
another local tribe to set up electronic waste recycling
for the entire reservation.
The La Jolla Reservation is located in the sensitive San
Luis Rey Watershed. The shallow groundwater here
serves as the sole drinking water source for tribal mem-
bers. Historically, illegal dumping has posed a significant
threat to the tribe's water resources. Illegal burning of
waste threatened the tribe's air quality. Rigorous com-
munity outreach in conjunction with the new transfer
station has resulted in a substantial reduction in illegal
dumping and burning. Opening the transfer station has
ensured proper waste management, and resulted in
cleaner water and air for tribal members.
Source reduction and recycling also play an important
role in the community's waste management system.
Through environmentally preferable purchasing and a
recycling program for their tribal offices, the La Jolla
Tribe has minimized the recyclable material entering
the waste stream and ultimately reduced the amount
of waste that ends up in the landfill.
La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians received a 2008 Environ-
mental Acheivement Award from EPA Region 9. Pictured:
Laura Yoshii, EPA Deputy Regional Administrator; Rob
Roy, Environmental Director; Jon Flares, Water Quality
Specialist; and Wayne Nastri, Regional Administrator.
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Healthy Tribal Communities
The goal of the General Assistance Program (GAP) is
to assist tribes in developing the capability to plan and
establish environmental programs and to develop and
implement solid and hazardous waste programs in
accordance with their individual needs. In addition, a
key component of many tribes' environmental pro-
grams is community outreach and education.
Environmental Education is a Core Piece
of Many Tribes' Environmental Programs
The Wells Band of Nevada brought a group of tribal
youth to San Francisco's EPA Region 9 office to learn
about how the Agency and tribes work together to
protect the environment. The students learned about
how to identify pesticides, how to compost using red
worms, and how EPA responds to emergencies.
Environmental education is a core piece of many tribes'
environmental programs.
The Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians' Summer
Scholars program used a problem-based approach to
learn about what they could do to positively affect the
environment as well as save their school money. The
student with the light bulbs (pictured below) was
demonstrating energy use. In this photo, he is riding
an exercise bike modified to produce electricity. He
was trying to get all three lights to turn on and keep
them on for as long as he could, which was about a
minute.
Kaibab Tribal
youth demon-
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the energy
from pedaling
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usedtopower
light bulbs.
The Navajo Nation EPA sponsored a Kid's Day event
as part of their annual environmental conference. Over
500 elementary school students attended. The stu-
dents learned about environmental preservation and
attended presentations on watershed protection, radon
gas, and protecting wildlife.
— PROTECTION AGENCY^
f Kids Day®
Navajo Nation Earth Day Kid's Day event.
Border Region
Cocopah Indian Tribe and the State of Arizona
The Cocopah Tribe and the Arizona Department of
Environmental Quality partnered to collect waste along
the Arizona side of the Colorado River, where it bor-
ders Mexico. Volunteers collected 50 tons of waste
left by people crossing the border, including clothing,
car batteries and tires. The cleanup covered 60 acres
of the Cocopah Tribe's reservation.
Cocopah Indian Tribe and State of Arizona solid waste
cleanup.
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Every year the border liaisons for California, the Native
American Environmental Protection Coalition
(NAEPC), Arizona, and the Tohono O'odham Na-
tion convene a tribal caucus meeting for all tribes in
the U.S.-Mexico border region. The goal is to bring
together tribal nations in the U.S. and indigenous
communities in Mexico to share information about the
successes and issues that are affecting their commu-
nities. These issues and accomplishments are featured
in a bilingual report distributed during the annual
meeting of the Border 2012 National Coordinators.
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Accomplishments Report
Fall 2007 Southern California Fires
The devastating Poomacha Fire burned more than
49,000 acres of land in Indian Country. The fire affected
the Barona, Inaja-Cosmit, Jamul, Lajolla, Mesa Grande,
Pala Band, Pauma, Rincon, San Pasqual, and Santa Ysabel
reservations. The heaviest damage took place at the
La Jolla and Rincon Reservations, with 95% of La
Jolla's land burned. Several evacuation centers were
established by tribes to receive displaced tribal mem-
bers from other tribes. The Yavapai Apache Tribe
temporarily relocated about 200 Santa Ysabel Band
Tribal members to its reservation in Arizona. Tribes in
Southern California provided materials and equipment
to the La Jolla Tribe for the repair of damaged
domestic water infrastructure, including clogged septic
fields and damaged leach lines.
Volunteers from the Southern Baptist Church assist the
La Jolla Band with debris cleanup after the Poomacha Fire
in southern California.
Once the fires died down, tribal environmental staff
and EPA conducted waste characterizations of the
debris and assisted with appropriate disposal of mate-
rials, including household hazardous waste remaining
after the fire. The La Jolla Tribal Environmental Depart-
ment provided information to members on envi-
ronmental hazards such as contaminated ash, and
encouraged everyone to wear protective masks when
returning home after the fires were out.
Working to Prevent
Childhood Blood Lead Poisoning
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Federated Tribes ofGra ton Rancheria Lead A ivareness
Outreach Website.
Many tribes are working to eliminate childhood blood
lead poisoning with grants from EPA. They are con-
ducting activities such as outreach to community
members to inform them of the dangers of lead-based
paint and lead's health hazards; childhood blood lead
screening; and evaluating lead hazards at tribal housing,
Head Start, and childcare facilities. Over the past seven
years, approximately 20 tribes in the Pacific Southwest
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have sponsored these activities, which are designed to
achieve the national goal of eliminating childhood blood
lead poisoning in the United States by 2010.
One example of a great outreach effort is this
interactive Web site, pictured on page 4, that was
developed by the Federated Indians of Graton
Rancheria, near Santa Rosa, Calif, to educate both
youth and adults about the dangers of lead.
Pesticides Program
Several tribes including the Gila River Indian Com-
munity, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian
Community, Colorado River Indian Tribes and
Navajo Nation, issued more enforcement letters and
warnings to violators of tribal pesticide codes. As a
result, pesticide applicators increased compliance with
tribal requirements, tribes have better information
about pesticide practices on Indian lands, and tribal
communities are better protected from pesticide
exposure. Tribal pesticide inspectors followed up with
violators to ensure that violations have been corrected.
Tribal Pesticide Inspections and Enforcement Improved in 2008.
While conducting pesticide inspections, the Colorado
River Indian Tribes' pesticide inspector learned that
proper disposal of pesticide containers was a problem
for farmers. The Tribes' Environmental Protection Of-
fice arranged for a pesticide recycler to remove over
16,000 pounds of empty pesticide containers, thus
reducing the risk of exposure to pesticide residues,
removing waste, and generating good will with the
regulated community.
The Colorado River Indian Tribes recycled 16,000pounds of
empty pesticide containers.
Under a national EPA initiative, Gila River Indian
Community and the EPA Region 9 Pesticides Office
conducted joint compliance inspections of 14 BIA
schools on the reservation. The Gila River Pesticide
Program worked with schools to improve compliance
with tribal and federal pesticide laws.
Gila River Indian Community and EPA improved schools'
compliance with pesticide regulations.
Successful Action Against an Applicator in
Indian Country - Based on a tip from Resighini
Rancheria, the EPA Region 9 Pesticides Office and
Water Division collaborated in taking a successful pen-
alty action against an applicator who improperly applied
two pesticides near a stream on the Resighini Rancheria.
The Resighini Rancheria Environmental Protection
Authority required the applicator to remediate the site
and, with the Yurok Tribe, provided information and
support to EPA during the investigation.
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^rotectingTribal Lands
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Collaboration: Multi-agency Efforts
to Better the Environment
Navajo Nation Abandoned Uranium Mines -
5-Year Plan
From 1944 to 1986, nearly four million tons of uranium
ore were extracted from Navajo lands under leases
with the Navajo Nation. As a result, uranium min-
ing has left the Navajo Nation with a legacy of 520
abandoned uranium mines (AUM), four inactive ura-
nium milling sites, a former dump site, contaminated
groundwater, structures that may contain elevated
levels of radiation, and environmental and public health
concerns.
In October 2007, Congressman Henry Waxman of
California called the legacy of uranium mines on the
Navajo Reservation "a 40-year bipartisan failure of
government". In January 2008, the House Committee
on Oversight and Government Reform directed five
federal agencies - EPA, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Depart-
ment of Energy, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and
Indian Health Service - to begin working together to
attack the problem. EPA took the lead in coordinating
these agencies to develop a five-year plan to address
contaminated homes, wells, mine sites, mills, and dumps.
After consulting with the Navajo Nation and the
Hop! Tribe, a five-year plan was finalized in June 2008.
Shiprockon the Navajo Nation.
Navajo Nation and EPA Remove Radioactive
Structures, Investigate Uranium Mines
Under EPA's five-year plan to address uranium
contamination associated with the 520 abandoned ura-
nium mines on the Navajo Nation, the Superfund
program is focusing on the health and environmental
impacts of mines and potentially contaminated struc-
tures. EPA is concerned that structures, including
homes and hogans, may have been constructed with
radioactive materials from mines. In Spring 2008, EPA
completed radiation surveys at I 13 structures on 56
home sites. The Agency worked closely with Navajo
Nation EPA, chapter officials, and residents to identify
and survey contaminated structures. EPA found ele-
vated levels of radiation at 27 structures and in 12
yards. In Summer 2008, EPA began cleanup of the con-
taminated structures. The Agency is demolishing and
replacing structures and providing temporary lodging,
animal care, and areas for cultural ceremonies. Struc-
tures and yards will be remediated by November 2009.
In 2008, U.S. EPA also worked with Navajo Nation EPA
and Navajo Nation Abandoned Mine Lands Program
to prioritize the 520 mines by geographic area. U.S.
EPA visited more than 80 mine sites in the Navajo
Nation Eastern Agency in 2008 to find out whether
they pose a risk to residents. U.S. EPA is also completing
detailed assessments of five mine sites of greatest
concern to the Navajo Nation. In 2009, U.S. EPA will
complete an evaluation of cleanup options and propose
a cleanup plan for the worst mine site on the Navajo
Nation -the Northeast Church Rock Mine site, located
in the Eastern AUM Region northeast of Gallup, New
Mexico.
In 2008, the U.S. EPA and the Navajo Nation EPA also
focused on the urgent issue of uranium-contaminated
water sources. Approximately 30% of the Navajo
population does not have access to a public drinking
water system and may be using unregulated water
sources that are contaminated with uranium. U.S. EPA
and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control tested 249
unregulated water sources, and found that 22 exceeded
drinking water standards for radioactive contaminants.
As a result, U.S. EPA and the Navajo Nation EPA have
launched an aggressive outreach campaign to inform
residents of the dangers of drinking contaminated
water. In addition, EPA and Indian Health Service (IHS)
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ILLEGAL DUMPING
Keep our Reservation Beautiful
Torres Martinez Solid Waste Collaborative.
Department of
Toxic Substan
Control
constructed a drinking water system with a regulated
water hauling point to serve residents impacted by four
contaminated wells in the Black Falls area. EPA is
temporarily delivering bottled water to two particularly
remote households in this area, which rely solely on
contaminated wells for potable water, until water line
extensions are complete.
Torres Martinez Solid Waste Collaborative
The Torres Martinez Solid Waste Collaborative, a
stakeholder group consisting of the tribal government
and 25 federal, state, and local entities, recorded a
number of accomplishments in 2008. The collabor-
ative's mission is to clean up and prevent illegal dump-
ing on the Torres Martinez Reservation. In 2008,
the tribe and the collaborative cleaned five more dump
sites, for a total of 25 clean sites, and conducted follow-
up inspections at several local trailer parks. In addition,
the collaborative explored green business opportu-
nities for economic development based on existing
Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indian Reservation, illegal
dump site.
regional waste streams, such as tires, concrete, and
green waste.
EPA's Brownfields program completed two targeted
brownfields assessments this year at two former dump
sites on the reservation, to evaluate their potential for
reuse. AttheTayawa property, which was formerly used
for illegal dumping and burning of agricultural wastes,
EPA conducted sampling to determine whether levels
of contamination posed a risk for future use and devel-
oped recommendations for cleanup. At the Ibanez
property, EPA's contractors analyzed reuse options for
two large piles of biosolids and dredged material. Re-
sults from both assessments were presented to the
tribe in August 2008.
Improving Conditions at Trailer Parks
on Tribal Lands
EPA has been working with the Torres Martinez
Tribe to improve conditions in trailer parks in the
Coachella Valley. One trailer park had raw sewage
spilling on to the ground across the street from an
elementary school. EPA worked with the owner of
the trailer park to install septic tanks and leach lines.
EPA is also coordinating with the tribe, USDA, IMS, the
State Water Board, and the local water district to
develop long-term improvements to drinking water
and wastewater systems on the reservation. EPA, BIA,
and the California Department of Housing conduct-
ed a waste inspection of a trailer park and found evi-
dence of solid and hazardous waste violations. EPA
issued a notice of violation to the allotment owner, who
cleaned up the site.
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Superfund Works in Partnership
with Tribes to Clean Up and
Redevelop Contaminated Lands
EPA's Superfund Division works in partnership with
tribal nations to investigate, clean up and redevelop
contaminated sites that impact tribal lands. To accom-
plish this, EPA performs cleanup work directly and gives
grants to tribes to establish cleanup programs, conduct
assessment and cleanup work, and oversee cleanup
activities. In 2008, EPA Region 9's Superfund Division
managed 16 grants with nine different tribes, totaling
$3 million. EPA also conducted investigation and
cleanup work at 13 tribal sites in 2008, affecting nine
different tribes.
Superfund Works with Tribes
to Clean Up Mines
At the Cyprus Tohono Mine, a copper mine on the
Tohono O'odham Nation, extensive mine waste
remained at the site and groundwater was contami-
nated with uranium. In 2008, EPA oversaw a $ 19 million
cleanup that involved moving mine waste into a new
lined repository. The CyprusTohono Company finished
moving approximately one million cubic yards of mate-
rial into the repository in November, 2008. Vegetation
will be planted on the repository cover and the former
mining area over the next three years. CyprusTohono,
in consultation with EPA and the tribe, is investigating
groundwater contamination and is expected to enter
into an agreement with EPA for groundwater cleanup
in 2009.
Tohono O 'odham Nation, mining waste repository
construction at Cyprus Tohono Mine.
The Leviathan Mine site is an abandoned, open-pit sulfur
mine that has contaminated mountain creeks and the
Washoe Tribe of California and Nevada's land.
EPA is focused on controlling and cleaning up acid mine
drainage at this site. The Agency worked with Atlantic
Richfield, the successor to the original mining company
at the site, to improve a lime treatment system that
treats acid mine drainage so that the water can be safely
released to the creek. This system treated about six
million gallons of acid mine drainage in 2008, and
improvements will allow the system to operate later
into the winter. Two other treatment systems are oper-
ating year-round at the site, using biological treatment
or capturing the waste in large storage ponds for sum-
mer treatment. EPA is also working with the Washoe
Tribe to conduct a Remedial Investigation and Fea-
sibility Study to ensure a protective and reliable long-
term cleanup.
Washoe Tribe of California and Nevada, lime treatment
system for acid mine drainage at Leviathan Mine, Nevada.
The Anaconda Mine is an open-pit copper mine that
impacts Yerington-Paiute Tribal land in Nevada. At
this site, fluid collection ponds containing acidic waters
and heavy metals are leaking and threaten groundwater.
In 2008, EPA closed five fluid drainage ponds and
repaired two active ponds.
Yerington-Paiute Tribe, fluid drainage pond repair and
closure at Anaconda Mine, Nevada.
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At the RioTinto Copper Mine, EPA and the Shoshone-
Paiute Tribe of DuckValley are negotiating with the
state of Nevada and the responsible mining companies
to remove mining wastes in Mill Creek and protect
the Owyhee River from acid mine drainage. EPA anti-
cipates reaching a settlement and starting cleanup of
the mining wastes in 2009.
Shoshone-Paiute Tribe of Duck Valley, remainder of ore mill
at Rio Tinto Copper Mine, Nevada.
Brownfields Program -
Tribes Revitalize Contaminated Lands
In 2008, EPA provided grants to the Navajo Nation,
Gila River Indian Community,Tohono O'odham
Nation, Yurok Tribe, and Salt River Pima
Maricopa Indian Community to establish and en-
hance their Brownfields cleanup and response pro-
grams. The Navajo Nation is using this funding to
develop laws and procedures to conduct and oversee
cleanups on Navajo land.
Under a Brownfields Revolving Loan Fund grant from
EPA to the Nevada Division of Environmental Pro-
tection, the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony received a
nearly $1 million loan in 2008 to clean up a contami-
nated site in downtown Reno. This is the first Brown-
fields loan made to a tribal nation in the Pacific South-
west. The site was contaminated with lead, petroleum
and pesticides from previous industrial operations. The
Indian Colony excavated and disposed of contaminated
soil from the site as part of the cleanup. Once the site
is remediated, it will be reused to house a major retail-
er. Revenues from the retail operation will help repay
bonds that funded construction of the brand new
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony Health Center, which
serves 9,000 Native Americans in the area. Revenues
from the retail development at the Brownfields site
will also fund the construction of a new restitution
center for low-risk offenders, and provide funding for
the local school district.
SHARED SUCCESS
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, cleanup celebration and prayer
atbrownfieldssite. Pictured: Lois Kane, Tribal Member and
Arlen Melendez, Tribal Chair.
Navajo Nation, remediation and demolition of contaminated
structures.
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Solid Waste
Improper disposal of both household trash and
hazardous waste threaten tribal lands in the Pacific
Southwest.
In 2008, tribes tackled these hazards by developing
household hazardous waste, composting and recycling
programs, improving solid waste program infrastruc-
ture by building transfer stations, and conducting out-
reach and community cleanup events. Additionally,
tribes closed 72 open dumps in 2008, significantly im-
proving the health and well-being of their communities.
Havasupai Tribe
One particularly noteworthy dump cleanup was a large
historic dump site on the Havasupai Reservation
on the rim of the Grand Canyon. This collaborative
project was funded by the Indian Health Service and
the tribe, with technical assistance and funds to address
current solid waste program development provided
by EPA. More than 433 tons of waste were removed,
almost all of which were diverted from landfill disposal
through recycling. Recycling this material significantly
cut disposal costs and helps to reduce the climate
impacts from landfilling.
BEFORE
Green Building
In collaboration with the Regional Tribal Operations
Committee, EPA started a new tribal green building
initiative. One of the significant first steps was to
develop a partnership with West Coast Green to give
tribal representatives the opportunity to attend, free
of charge, the country's largest green building and
innovation conference. EPA worked with the confer-
ence to organize a Tribal Summit to give tribes a chance
to engage in the national green building dialogue,
network with industry professionals, and provide input
for how future green building conferences can better
address the interests and visions of tribes.
west coast green
INNOVATION | BUILDING | BUSINESS I DESIGN
Tribal Summit at the West Coast Green Conference, San Jose, CA
Transfer Stations
Tribes and EPA made significant improvements in solid
waste infrastructure in 2008. Several tribes built new
transfer stations, including the La Jolla Band of
Luiseno Mission Indians and the Pala Band of
Mission Indians. The Pala Transfer Station opened in
May 2008. Tribal funding was used for construction,
and EPA funding will be used for expansion projects
such as the new used oil and household hazardous
waste programs.
Before and after cleanup on the Havasupai Reservation.
The new Pala Transfer Station and
Recycling Center after completion
(above); Pala Transfer Station
recycling sign - California certified
buy-back center (left).
The Pala Band of Mission Indians also obtained Cali-
fornia state certification for a buy-back center allowing
for the purchase of recycled items such as aluminum,
glass, cardboard, paper, and metal from the surrounding
areas. The recycling program has helped discourage
illegal dumping while bringing in revenue.
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Community Cleanups
In 2008, many tribes worked within their communities
to encourage involvement in solid waste projects
through community cleanup days, Earth Day cele-
brations, and other outreach events. The Hopland
Band of Pomo Indians of the Hopland Rancheria
held a very successful community cleanup in northern
California. The Tribal Environmental Protection Agency,
with funding from EPA and Keep California Beautiful,
coordinated over 250 community volunteers for the
event. The tribe recycled two tons of metal, 96 tires,
eight car batteries, 900 pounds of glass, 300 pounds of
aluminum, and 230 pounds of plastic during the event.
Thirty bags of used clothing were collected and donated
to a local charity.
Green Casinos
In 2008, EPA and tribes partnered to expand the green
casino program through workshops, presentations,
direct technical assistance, and free pollution preven-
tion and energy efficiency audits. The Chumash Casino
Resort, operated by the Santa Ynez Band of
Chumash Mission Indians, has done significant work
to implement numerous green programs, including the
installation of a white roof to reflect sunlight to keep
Big Pine Paiute Tribe's community cleanup event.
the building cooler, the development of an impressive
waste sorting program which includes the collection
of recyclables as well as the collection of food for com-
posting, and the pilot testing of new ultra-efficient hand
dryers to save paper. The tribe hopes to go even further
by recycling their used food grease into biodiesel to
run tribal vehicles.
Greening and Waste Reduction elements at Chumash Casino, Santa Ynez, California: white reflective roof, energy efficient hand
dryers and comprehensive waste recycling program.
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Underground Storage Tanks
The EPA Underground Storage Tank program had a
very successful year. EPA and tribes conducted 67
joint compliance and release detection inspections in
2008. These inspections resulted in 25 field citations.
The field citations are issued on the spot at the con-
clusion of the inspection. The owner or operator ob-
tains immediate feedback on the violations discovered
and the actions they need to correct. The typical field
citation ranges from $600 to $ 1,000 per site. The EPA
Underground Storage Tank Program also addressed a
number of leaking underground storage tanks sites on
tribal lands (see chart). In addition, 15 leaking under-
ground storage tank cleanups were completed.
Davis Chevrolet, Arizona
One notable cleanup is the Davis Chevrolet facility in
Tuba City, Arizona. This site is the largest leaking
underground storage tank cleanup in the Pacific
Southwest Region and affects both the Navajo Nation
and the Hopi Tribe. In 2008, cleanup measures were
initiated at the site and almost 1,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soils were removed. Additionally, 12
recovery wells were installed to remove the contam-
ination by pumping and treating the shallow ground-
water. After the cleanup is completed, the site will be
the home of a new retail center.
BEFORE
Davis Chevrolet cleanup. The building at the former site has
been removed and the cleanup is proceeding.
Lost Lake, Arizona
In 2008, EPA worked collaboratively with the
Colorado River Indian Tribes' Environmental
Cumulative number of LUST sites in each stage
in the Federally-funded cleanup process
Total Sites
-an -
^^*
^^
^?Z~ *•
^^
/
/
/
May-05 May-06 May-07 May-08 May-09
Date
— *— Funding Approval
—•—Assessments Started
Assessments Completed
Cleanup Completed/No Further Action Needed
Protection Agency to inspect the underground
storage tanks at the Lost Lake Resort, a non-tribal
business on the reservation. With the tribe's support,
EPA pursued an enforcement action against the owner
for violations, including a fuel leak. The site is adjacent
to important tribal resources, including the Colorado
River and two drinking water wells. The owner paid a
$55,076 penalty, corrected all violations, and has initi-
ated cleanup of the site. Fortunately, the inspectors
discovered the leak in time to prevent drinking water
resources from being contaminated.
DURING
Cleanup at Lost Lake Resort.
EPA and tribal inspectors at Lost Lake Resort.
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Clean & Safe Water
EPA and tribes work together to achieve clean and
safe water by building drinking water and wastewater
projects, developing sustainable infrastructure, and
implementing water quality monitoring and restoration
projects.
537 homes have received safer drink-
ing water.
1,421 homes have better wastewater
facilities
72 tribes are eligible to receive funding
to restore watersheds and nine tribes
have received program authorization to
set water quality standards for tribal
waters.
Providing Access to Safe Drinking Water
and Basic Sanitation
In 2008, the Clean Water Act Indian Set-Aside Program
awarded $3.9 million for 26 wastewater projects that
serve 1,421 homes. Several wastewater infrastructure
projects were successfully completed, including con-
struction of a community sewer system on the Round
Valley Reservation in northern California. EPA
funded part of a multi-phase project to provide a sewer
system for 82 homes that had been served by individual
septic systems.
Round Valley Reservation community sewer system.
Pictured: Justin Britton, Round Valley Tribal Utilities
Manager, and David Mazorra, Project Engineer from
Indian Health Service at new lift station.
In 2008, ERA's DrinkingWaterTribal Set-Aside program
provided $3.6 million for seven infrastructure projects
that will address high priority public health needs for
537 homes. Several projects were completed in 2008,
including a new drinking water well and storage tank
which will prevent water outages at St. Michael's Indian
School, which serves 670 Navajo students and staff.
The project was built in partnership with the Navajo
Tribal Utility Authority.
Water storage tank for St. Michael's Indian School at
Navajo Nation.
The national interagency drinking water access work-
group, with strong participation from Region 9 tribes,
developed a draft Access Implementation Plan to
reduce by 50% the number of homes lacking access
to safe water by 2015. To achieve this international
commitment, access workgroups formed to imple-
ment the highest priority short-term recommendations,
which include investigating alternatives to piped water
for the Navajo Nation, identifying underutilized funds,
and better leveraging existing resources.
Improving Water Quality
In 2008, 72 tribes in the Pacific Southwest were eligible
to receive funds to reduce polluted runoff and restore
waters under the Clean Water Act Section 319 Non-
point Source (NPS) Pollution Control Program. The
national program received a $1 million funding increase
for a total of $8 million available to tribes nationwide.
Region 9 received over $4 million through a base allo-
cation and competitive process to support projects
to reduce polluted runoff and restore watersheds.
The Hopi Tribe completed a successful spring
restoration project using NPS funds. The Lomeva
Spring was regularly clouded by runoff and sediment
from adjacent roads and slopes. The tribe's sediment
reduction project improved drainage in the area by
using best management practices (BMPs), including the
installation of rolling dips, culverts, and removal of an
abandoned road (see photo, next page).
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Spring restoration at the Hopi Reservation.
This year, EPA approved Program Authorization and
Water Quality Standards for the Hopi Tribe, and the
Water Quality Standards for the Bishop Paiute Tribe
of the Owens Valley and Pyramid Lake Paiute
Tribe. The Water Quality Standards approved for these
tribes will protect and maintain water quality through-
out their lands. There are now nine tribes in the Pacific
Southwest Region with authorization to implement
Water Quality Standards and Certification Programs.
Documenting Environmental Results
In 2008, 97 tribes were eligible to develop and carry
out water quality monitoring programs under the Clean
Water Act Section 106 Water Pollution Control Pro-
gram. EPA provided more than $8.4 million in grant
funding to tribes to monitor, conduct studies and
assessments of surface and ground water quality
conditions and track water quality trends. In addition,
nine tribes began to implement water quality moni-
toring strategies and seven tribes provided water
quality data to EPA electronically.
The Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Commu-
nity has been documenting environmental results using
Clean Water Act Section 106 funds since 2000 at the
Verde and Salt Rivers within the community. The
community assesses water quality conditions to en-
sure that the designated beneficial uses are supported,
and locates and identifies stressors posing a threat to
the environment and public health. In 2008, the com-
munity used monitoring results, including sedimen-
tation and turbidity levels, to guide the implementation
of best management practices (BMPs) to control pol-
luted runoff contaminating these waters.
Water Quality Program Staff Kevin Evanishyn and Wang
Yu monitor water quality in the Salt River at the Salt River
Pima Maricopa Indian Community.
Protecting Underground Sources of
Drinking Water
In 2008, the Tribal Source Water Assessment and
Protection Program provided a total of more than
$99,000 to four tribes. The funding is used to assess
human health risks and develop BMPs to prevent or
reduce contamination of underground drinking water
sources.
The Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
hosted an Earth Day Celebration in April 2008 to
increase tribal awareness of the need to protect
drinking water sources.
14
Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California Earth Day Event.
Pictured: Dave Willard of Nevada Rural Water.
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Clean Air
27 tribes received EPA support for air
quality activities. 25 of them are oper-
ating a total of 69 air monitors.
Tribal issues were at the forefront for EPA's Pacific
Southwest Air Division this year. When tribal mem-
bers are exposed to poor air quality, their health suf-
fers. EPA worked with many tribal partners to work
towards tribal air program goals. Working together,
tribes and EPA have made significant progress.
Tribal Air Funding
To improve air quality in Indian Country, EPA provides
resources to tribes to identify problems, educate tribal
staff and communities, and work with states to reduce
air pollution. In 2008, EPA awarded 27 tribal air grants,
for a total of just over $3 million. In addition, EPA
awarded three radon grants to tribes. Three tribes also
conducted air assessments with additional funding from
their General Assistance Program (GAP) grants.
The Gila River Indian Community and the
Navajo Nation received grants from EPA's Commu-
nity Action for Renewed Environment (CARE). This is
a national effort to help communities identify and re-
duce exposures to toxic pollutants. The program fo-
cuses on building local partnerships and includes tech-
nical support from EPA on assessing and prioritizing
toxic sources, identifying solutions, and helping projects
become self-sustaining.
Tribal Collaboration
EPA continues to encourage collaboration between
tribes. One good example is the Joint Air Toxics As-
sessment Project in Phoenix, Arizona, which involves
many state, local, and tribal stakeholders. Some tribes,
like the Pala and La Jolla Bands in Southern Califor-
nia, leveraged their resources cooperatively by sharing
monitoring equipment and information.
Tribal Air Monitoring
With EPA funding, 25 tribes are currently monitoring
for particulate matter (PM), ozone, or air toxics. Tribes
are also working to enter their monitoring data into
EPA's national Air Quality System (AQS). Sixteen tribes
are now successfully submitting data. Because these
tribes are submitting data, EPA has a better understand-
ing of air quality in Indian Country. One important use
of this data is when EPA sets national air standards, and
determines whether states and tribes meet those stan-
dards or not.
Satellite image of Northern California during 2008fires
(indicated by red-dotted • areas).
In response to the fierce California fire season during
the summer of 2008, the California Air Resources Board
(CARB) worked with EPA to set up a PM2.5 monitor
in Orleans in California's North Coast region, which is
now retrieving and reporting data. This was at the
request of the KarukTribe, in the area hardest hit by
the fires.
Navajo Nation skyline.
15
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Air pollution trapped over theMorongo Band of Cahuilla
Indians Reservation.
New Standards for Fine Particulate Matter
(PM2.5) and Ozone
In 2008, EPA set a more stringent national standard for
fine participate matter (PM2.5) - particles that are
smaller than the width of a human hair. EPA anticipates
that a number of tribes will be in areas that do not
meet the new standards. Where this occurs, the state
or local agency will be required to develop a plan to
meet the standards. Affected tribes can participate in
the planning process.
In 2008, EPA also set a new, more stringent national
standard for ozone at 0.075 parts per million (the pre-
vious level was 0.08 ppm). The new level is lower to
better protect human health. States and tribes had
until March 2009 to submit recommendations to EPA,
stating whether they think their area meets the stan-
dard or not. In 2010, EPA will publish a final deter-
mination stating which areas meet the new ozone stan-
dard, and which do not.
Tribal Regulatory Development
As tribal air programs mature, some tribes are working
on regulatory development. EPA is in the process of
approving an eligibility determination for the Gila River
Indian Community's Tribal Implementation Plan
(TIP), under the Clean Air Act (CAA). The TIP will al-
low for federal enforceability of the tribe's regulatory
program and will delegate many of EPA's air programs
to the tribe.
In 2008, EPA approved eligibility determinations for the
Pala Band of Mission Indians and the Salt River
Pima Maricopa Indian Community to be notified
when large sources of air pollution are sited or modi-
fied within 50 miles of the reservation. The Salt River
Pima Maricopa Indian Community has also received
eligibility for CAA Section 105 funding, and to submit
air standard attainment designation recommendations
to EPA in a manner similar to a state.
Permitting Issues
In 2006, EPA proposed two new air rules for Indian
country that would implement New Source Review
(NSR) requirements for permitting new and modified
sources of air pollution. In 2008, EPA continued to
develop the rules, which are expected to be finalized
in the summer of 2009.
Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community Air Monitor-
ing Site.
EPA is working to inform tribes about possible permit-
ting requirements on their reservations. Two informa-
tion sheets detailing requirements for air permits for
different sources in Indian Country can be found at:
http://www.epa.gov/region09/tribal/index.html in the
Regional Information section.
Pacific Southwest Tribes Located in
Air Quality Non-Attainment Areas
66 Tribes
80 Tribes
I Attainment Non-attainment
Non-attainment -Areas of the country where air pollution
consistently exceeds the national ambient air quality standards
may be designated "non-attainment."
16
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Compliance and Stewardship
EPA's Indian Country National Enforcement and Com-
pliance Assurance Priority was established in 2005 to
improve compliance with federal environmental laws
and build tribal enforcement and compliance capacity.
The priority focuses national attention on three areas:
compliance issues at drinking water systems; compli-
ance issues at schools, including schools owned and
operated by BIA; and improving solid waste compliance
and investigating open dumps. It also continues to em-
phasize building tribal enforcement and compliance
capacity.
Compliance Assistance to 100%
of Public Water Systems
In 2008, EPA's Pacific Southwest Regional Office
continued its focus on improving compliance in Indian
Country in the three main focus areas. The Agency
provided compliance assistance to 100% of known
public water supply systems in Indian Country - 325
public water supply systems, including systems at
schools and small communities. EPA also continued
funding a circuit rider on the Navajo Nation to
improve compliance rates at drinking water systems.
Sampling unregulated water sources at the Navajo Nation.
Addressing Solid Waste and Open Dumps
In 2008, EPA provided waste management compliance
and technical assistance to 64 tribes. The Agency also
conducted two investigations to gather evidence for
possible enforcement actions to address specific inci-
dents of illegal dumping.
Bishop Paiute Tribe of the Owens Valley community cleanup
event.
Protecting Childrens' Health at Schools
To address hazardous waste non-compliance at schools,
inspections were completed at 10 Bureau of Indian
Affairs (BIA) schools and I I non-BIA tribal schools in
2008. The schools also received compliance assistance.
Notices of Violation were issued to the BIA for hazar-
dous waste violations identified at three schools. EPA
is working with other inspected schools to address
non-compliance and deficiencies.
Strengthening Tribal Programs
EPA continued its efforts to support tribal capacity
building in the following areas: ensuring that accurate
information exists on EPA-regulated facilities in Indian
country; increasing the number of tribal environmental
professionals trained in enforcement and compliance
assurance; and increasing the number of tribal inspec-
tors authorized to conduct inspections on behalf of
EPA.
EPA is close to completing an inventory of non-BIA
high-priority schools in the Pacific Southwest. These
include all non-BIA schools on tribal lands, plus all
schools on non-tribal lands which have an enrollment
of at least 50% Native American students.
EPA continued funding the Institute of Tribal Envi-
ronmental Professionals (ITEP) at Northern Arizona
University. ITEP provides training to tribal profession-
als to improve their ability to conduct compliance
inspections under tribal law, in order to obtain author-
ization to conduct inspections under federal law.
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Participants in ITEP training on waste reduction strategies.
EPA and the Navajo Nation (NN) entered into an
agreement that authorizes Federal EPA credentials for
NN EPA inspectors to perform Underground Storage
Tanks (UST) inspections on behalf of EPA. The agree-
ment features a unique pilot project that allows NN
EPA inspectors to issue field citations to facilities that
are not in compliance with the UST regulations.
The National Tribal Priority will continue through 2013.
EPA will work with representatives from the National
and Regional Tribal Operations Committees to identify
current focus areas that should be retained and to
establish any new priority focus areas for the 201 I-
2013 planning cycle.
EPA Pacific Southwest Region Tribal Trends
Tribes in Region 9
Tribes and Tribal Consortia with
Environmental Programs
Tribes with Codes or Policies
Tribes Monitoring the Environment
Tribes with Federal Program Authorization
^
1
129 1
90U
84 U
GJ
™ x1 x1 X X x1 S
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
600
500
V)
=• 400
Q
O 300
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Funding for Tribal Wastewater and Drinking Water Infrastructure,
EPA Region 9
$25,000,000
$20,000,000
$15,000,000
$10,000,000
$5,000,000
$0
&E
Clean Water Tribal Set Aside • Border Water Set Aside n Drinking Water Tribal Set Aside
22000
20000
18000
16000
E
o
14000
.Q 12000
10000
8000
6000
Homes with Improved Sanitation on Tribal Lands,
EPA Region 9, 2003-2008
2003
•Homes with Improved Sanitation (cumulative)
2004
2005 2006
Year
2007
2008
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Region 9 Tribal Program Office
GAP Project Officers
Northern California:
Alturas Rancheria, Bear River, Big Lagoon, Blue Lake, Cedarville Rancheria,
Cortina, Elk Valley, Fort Bidwell, Hoopa, Karuk, Pit River, Quartz Valley, Redding,
Resighini, Smith River, Susanville,Trinidad,Wiyot,Yurok
California (Mendocino-Sonoma area):
Cahto (Laytonville), Cloverdale, Coyote Valley, Dry Creek, Graton, Guidiville,
Hopland, Lytton, Manchester/Pt. Arena, Pinoleville, Potter Valley, Redwood Valley,
Round Valley (Covelo), Sherwood Valley, Stewarts Point/Kashia Band
Central California:
Auburn, Berry Creek, Big Sandy, Buena Vista, CA Valley Miwok (Sheep Ranch),
Cachil Dehe Band (Colusa), Chicken Ranch, Cold Springs, Enterprise, Greenville,
Grindstone, lone, Jackson, Lower Lake, Mechoopda (Chico), Mooretown,
North Fork, Paskenta, Picayune, Rumsey, Shingle Springs,Table Mountain,Tuolumne
California (Lake County); Nevada (Western):
Big Valley, Elem, Robinson, Upper Lake/Habematolel, Scotts Valley, Middletown,
Inter Tribal Council of Nevada, Fallen, Pyramid Lake, Reno Sparks, Washoe,
Yerington
California (OwensValley):
Benton/UtuUtu Gwaitu, Big Pine, Bishop, Bridgeport, Fort Independence,
Lone Pine, Owens Valley Indian Water Commission, Timbisha
Southern California:
Chemehuevi, Cocopah, Colorado River Indian Tribes, Fort Mojave, La Jolla,
Los Coyotes, Native American Environmental Protection Coalition, Pala, Pauma,
Pechanga, Quechan, Rincon, San Pasqual,Viejas
Southern California:
Agua Caliente, Augustine, Barona, Cabazon, Campo, Cuyapaipe, Jamul, La Posta,
Mesa Grande, Manzanita, Morongo, Santa Ysabel, Sycuan,Torres Martinez,
Twenty Nine Palms
Southern California:
Cahuilla, Capitan Grande, Inaja-Cosmit, Ramona, San Manuel, Santa Rosa
Rancheria, Santa Rosa Reservation, Santa Ynez, Soboba,Tule River
Arizona:
Hopi, Navajo, PascuaYaqui, San Juan So. Paiute,Tohono O'odham
Arizona:
Ak-Chin, Fort McDowell, Gila River, Havasupai, Hualapai, Inter Tribal Council of
Arizona, Salt River, San Carlos,Tonto Apache, White Mountain,Yavapai Apache,
Yavapai Prescott
Nevada/Arizona (Kaibab):
Battle Mountain, Duck Valley, Duckwater, Elko, Ely, Fort McDermitt,
Goshute, Kaibab, Las Vegas, Lovelock, Moapa, South Fork, Summit Lake,
Walker River, Wells, Winnemucca,Yomba
Manager.Tribal Program Office:
Office Manager.Tribal Program Office:
Tribal Liaison.Tribal Program Office:
Tribal Liaison,Tribal Program Office:
Tribal Program Office Fax Number: ^ _
Project Officer
Tim Wilhite
(Based in Yreka)
Morena Villanueva
Gilbert Pasqua
Veronica Swann
Erica Yelensky
Hillary Hecht
Willard Chin
Tina Davis
Pam Overman
Tim Grant
Laura Mayo
Jean Gamache
Kimberli Smith
Lilia Dignan
Maria Castain
Phone
530-841-4577
Fax Number:
530-841-4571
415-947-4239
415-972-3788
415-972-3696
415-972-3021
415-972-3790
415-972-3797
415-972-3784
415-972-3781
415-972-3783
415-947-3561
415-972-3554
415-972-3778
415-972-3779
415-972-3264
415-947-3562
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EPA Regional Indian Program Steering Committee
Office of the Regional Administrator
Laura Yoshii, Acting Regional Administrator
Jane Diamond, Acting Deputy Regional Administrator
Bridget Coyle, Civil Rights Office
Sheryl Bilbrey, Chief of Staff
Air Division
Stephanie Valentine, Manager, Grants & Program Integration Office
415-972-3014/415-947-3579
valentine.stephanie@epa.gov
Colleen McKaughan, Associate Director
520-498-0118/520-498-1333
mckaughan.col leen@epa.gov
Sara Bartholomew, Grants & Program Integration Office
415-947-4100/415-947-3579
bartholomew.sara@epa.gov
Planning Permits, Rulemaking
Enforcement, Technical Support
Radiation & Compliance Assurance
Grants & Program Integration
Communities and Ecosystems Division
Enrique Manzanilla, Director
415-972-3843/415-947-8026
manzanilla.enrique@epa.gov
Jean Gamache, Manager,Tribal Program Office
415-972-3554/415-947-3562
gamache.jean@epa.gov
Tina Davis, Tribal Program Office
415-972-3784/415-947-3562
davis.tina@epa.gov
Timothy Grant, RIPSC Coordinator
415-972-3783/415-947-3562
gra nt.ti m othy @e pa.gov
Lilia Dignan, RTOC Coordinator
415-972-3779/415-947-3562
dignan.lilia@epa.gov
Erica Yelensky, Accomplishments Report Coordinator
415-972-3021/415-947-3562
yelensky.erica@epa.gov
Agriculture Program, Environmental Justice
Radiation & Compliance Assurance Pesticides, Toxics,
Toxics Release Inventory
Environmental Review/NERA
Tribal Program
U.S.-Mexico Border Program
Stewardship/Performance Track
Management and Technical Services Division
Eugenia McNaughton, Quality Assurance Office
415-972-3411/415-947-3564
mcnaughton.eugenia@epa.gov
Susan Chiu, Grant Management Specialist
415-972-3674/415-947-3556
chiu.susan@epa.gov
Budget, Finance/Grants/Contracts
Community Involvement, Site Assessment Strategic Planning,
Science Policy
Laboratory & QA/QC, Facilities
Information Resource Management
Office of Planning & Public Affairs
Kate Nooney
415-947-4266/415-947-3519
nooney.kate@epa.gov
Office of Regional Counsel
DanitaYocom, ORC, Immediate Office
415-972-3885/415-947-3571
yocom.danita@epa.gov
Legal Counsel
Civil and Criminal Enforcement
Superfund Division
Debbie Schechter, Section Chief
415-972-3093/415-947-3520
Brownfields & Site AssessmentSection
schechter.debbie@epa.gov
Site Cleanup, Brownfields, Oil Pollution
Federal Facilities and Base Closures
Emergency Response & Planning Budget,
Community Involvement, Site Assessment
Waste Management Division
Heather White, Supervisor, Tribal Solid Waste Team
415-972-3384/415-947-3530
white.heather@epa.gov
Nancy Sockabasin, Tribal Solid Waste Team
415-972-3772/415-947-3530
sockabasin.nancy@epa.gov
Pollution Prevention, Solid Waste Permits/Corrective Action
Inspections & Enforcement
State Program Development Phones
Underground Storage Tank (UST) Program
Water Division
Kristin Gullatt, Manager, Tribal Office
415-972-3432/415-947-3537
gullatt.kristin@epa.gov
Linda Reeves
Drinking Water Office
415-972-3445/415-974-3537
reeves.linda@epa.gov
Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act,
Marine Sanctuaries Act
San Diego Border Office (San Diego)
619-235-4765
Environmental Information Center
Permits/Corrective Action Web: www.epa.gov/region09
Inspections & Enforcement Email: r9.info@epa.gov
State Program Development Phones: 866-EPA-WEST
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TRIBAL LANDS
IN REGION 9
Reservations, Rancherias, Colonies
CALIFORNIA
vfl
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
U.S. EPA Pacific Southwest/Region 9 Tribal Program Office
http://www.epa.gov/region09/indian/success/index.html
^ A Printed on 30% post consumer recycled fiber. ^ A
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