id Climate Readiness Climate change, which is caused by natural factors and human activities, refers to any significant change in measures of climate, such as temperature, precipitation, or wind, lasting for an extended period. These changes impact the air quality indoors and poor indoor air quality can lead to an increased risk of asthma and other respiratory problems, cancer, and other health problems. Impacts of Climate Change Increased or decreased precipitation, extremely high or low temperatures, and changes in the severity of storms, leads to problems indoors including: • Increased risk of flooding and dampness indoors, and exposure to mold. • Droughts and wildfires which create particulate air pollution that seeps inside. • Temperature changes and flooding that can drive pests indoors and expose people to biological contaminants and pesticides used to combat pests. Extreme temperatures and storms may tempt people to stay indoors to protect themselves from the elements and increase the use of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Condition (HVAC) units. Improperly ventilated indoor environments, however, will worsen air quality by increasing: • Mold and bacteria due to moisture from everyday activities and high humidity levels. • Radon, carbon monoxide, secondhand smoke, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen dioxide due to lack of air circulation. • Toxins from chemicals used to combat pests and mold. Common Indoor Air Pollutants • Radon is a radioactive gas that forms in the soil and enters homes through cracks and openings in floors and walls. It is the leading cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers, and the second leading cause of lung cancer overall. • Secondhand smoke comes from burning tobacco products. It can cause cancer and serious respiratory illnesses. • Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are gases or particles that come from burning materials. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that interferes with the delivery of oxygen throughout the body. It causes headaches, dizziness, weakness, nausea, and even death. Nitrogen dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that causes eye, nose and throat irritation, shortness of breath, and an increased risk of respiratory infection. • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are chemicals found in regular household items such as paints, cleaning supplies, pesticides, air fresheners, and dry-cleaned clothing. VOCs irritate the eyes, nose and throat, and cause headaches, nausea, and damage to the liver, kidneys, central nervous system, and sometimes causes cancer. • Mold produce spores that float in the air, land on damp surfaces, and grow. Inhaling or touching molds can cause sneezing, runny nose, red eyes, and skin rashes, and trigger asthma attacks. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) ------- Indoor Air Quality Tips There are several steps you can take to help maintain a healthy indoor air environment: • Make sure to properly ventilate your home. Consider working with a contractor to determine the best ways to maintain a comfortable indoor environment and improve ventilation in your home. • Minimize moisture and limit mold growth by controlling indoor humidity through the proper ventilation of appliances that produce moisture and quick clean up of water leaks and spills. Reduce your risk of radon exposure by testing your home and working with a radon mitigation specialist if your home has high radon levels. If you are buying a new home, consider selecting an ENERGY STAR qualified home that has also earned the Indoor airPLUS label. These homes are significantly more energy efficient than standard homes and have 30 additional home design and construction features that can help maintain good indoor air quality. Weatherizing—including installing storm windows, weather stripping, caulking and insulating— your home without maintaining proper ventilation can reduce indoor air quality. • Proper sealing and insulating can offset outdoor temperatures and save energy, however, it is important to maintain adequate ventilation to expel indoor pollutants. You can weatherize to save energy and have good indoor air quality. Get tips on sealing and insulating from the ENERGY STAR Home Improvement Web site and information on maintaining adequate ventilation from The Inside Story: Guide to Indoor Air Quality. Review EPA's Ventilation for Homes Web site. Find out more about indoor air quality by visiting www.epa.gov/iaq. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) ------- |