&EPA
United States Office of Pollution Prevention
Environmental Protection and Toxics
Agency Washington, DC 20460 December 2002
User's Manual
for RSEI Version 2.1
[1988-2000 TRI Data]
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User's Manual for RSEI Version 2.1
[1988-2000 TRI Data]
Economics, Exposure, and Technology Division
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
United States Environmental Protection Agency
December 2002
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December 2002
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WELCOME TO ERA'S RISK-SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL
INDICATORS CD-ROM
EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model permits full risk-related
modeling for air (stack and fugitive) releases and surface water releases (from TRI reporting
facilities and POTWs) only. However, all releases and transfers reported to TRI can be
viewed from pounds-only and hazard-based (pounds weighted by toxicity) perspectives.
Although this User's Manual describes some functions that are not implemented in the air-
and surface water-only model, it also provides instruction specific to the use of the current
version.
In addition to caveats listed throughout the User's Manual, there are several things to
consider when running the current version of the model:
When installing the RSEI model, please make sure that you sign off of your computer
network (e.g., the Novell network), so that the model will be properly installed onto
your computer's hard drive. For local installation on a computer linked to a network,
the user must have administration rights.
Because the current version of the model is restricted to the air and surface water
modeling results, the full risk-related model results are available only for on-site
fugitive and stack air releases and direct surface water releases; risk-related results
based on releases to other media (e.g., releases to groundwater) are not available.
However, with this version of the model you will be able to look at TRI pounds,
modeled pounds, hazard ranking, and subcomponents of the full risk-related model
results, e.g., (pounds x toxicity) and (pounds x toxicity x population) for all media.
If you have a computer with limited memory, please be aware that when using the
model, it may be difficult to use other computer applications at the same time.
(Windows 95 and later operating systems allow multi-tasking.)
The model uses TRI release and transfer information for the time period from 1988
to 2000.
On-line Help Screens are available in the model, and present much of the information
contained in this User's Manual.
New users are encouraged to begin with the Easy RSEI interface, which provides
quick and easy results with no experience required. The Tutorials provided in
Chapter 3 of this manual are also a helpful introduction to Advanced RSEI
functions.
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We would appreciate your comments and suggestions on how this User's Manual may be
improved upon to aid you, the user. Thank You.
Send comments to: Gary Cole, Ph.D.
cole.gary@epa.gov
Steven M. Hassur, Ph.D.
hassur.steven@epa.gov
Richard Engler, Ph.D.
engler.richard@epa.gov
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For More Information...
Supporting analyses for the RSEI model are available in PDF format on the model website at
www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei. The RSEI Methodology document, which describes in detail the
algorithms used in the model, as well as the data inputs used, is also posted on the website.
Since the RSEI model is continuously being updated and revised, check the website for updates,
additional analyses, and help with using the model.
Several technical appendices are provided with installation program. These appendices provide
detailed information on toxicity data, physicochemical data, exposure assumptions, locating
facilities, stack parameter data, and the differences between the data used by TRI's Public Data
Release and RSEI. The technical appendices, along with the Adobe Acrobat (PDF) version of
this User's Manual, and a spreadsheet containing the toxicity data used in the model, can all be
found on the RSEI Installation Disk.
Online help is also available through the model interface itself.
Please Note:
RSEI results that include POTW releases from Lamar County in Texas will be skewed by a
possibly erroneous report from a facility. This facility reported (probably in error) a transfer of
lead to a POTW when the lead was likely transferred to a recycling facility. The reporting
facility has been contacted but has not yet submitted a correction - therefore, the score is included
in RSEI. This may not be the only erroneous report, but this release warrants a special note
because of its magnitude: approximately 12% of the risk-related score for all air and water media
in 1999. This is a good example of why it is necessary to follow up on RSEI results
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INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR ERA'S RISK-
SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS CD-ROM
System Requirements
To install and run the RSEI model requires approximately 2 gigabytes of free hard disk
space. At least 128 Mbytes of RAM is recommended. Users must also have Internet
Explorer Versions 3.0 or later installed on their computer to use the RSEI Help feature.
For users on networks, administration rights are required for correct installation.
It is important to remove any previous versions of the Risk-Screening Environmental
Indicators model from your hard drive before you install this version. Instructions on
uninstalling the program are in the Uninstalling RSEI section below.
These instructions assume you are using Windows 95, 98, NT4, 2000, or XP. This
version of the model will not work on earlier operating systems, such as Windows 3.1.
To install under Windows 2000 or Windows XP, you must have administrator privileges.
If you do not have administrator privileges, contact your computer support personnel.
Previous versions of the RSEI model could be run from the CD without an installation on
the user's hard drive. For Version 2.1, extensive data enhancements have increased the
size of the databases so that running from a CD is no longer possible, and all users must
perform the full hard drive installation.
Installing RSEI
1. Close all Programs and log out from any Local Area Network (LAN). Put the
RSEI Installation Disk in the CD-ROM drive.
2. The Installation Disk should begin the installation automatically. If it does not,
click on the Start button at the bottom left of your screen then 'Run.' In the space
after 'Open:' type in 'D:\setup.exe'. Substitute the appropriate letter if your CD-
ROM drive is labeled other than 'D.' Click 'OK.'
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Follow the prompts in the installation process. Depending on the speed of your
computer, installation may take up to 15 minutes.
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Installation Instructions
Launching RSEI
When the installation is complete, the install wizard will ask if you want to launch the
program. Click 'Yes,' and the RSEI interface will launch. Here, you can click on Easy
RSEI, which is a simplified mode of operation that provides users with rankings and
trend analyses at the level of the whole nation, an EPA region, or a single state. Easy
RSEI is a quick and simple way to access some of the most commonly-used data in RSEI.
It is also a great introduction to the kinds of information RSEI can provide. After the first
launch, you can access Easy RSEI again by clicking the Start button at the bottom left
corner of your Windows screen, then 'Programs,' 'RSEI,' then 'RSEI.'
When you are ready, you can try Advanced RSEI. A good introduction to the many
functions in Advanced RSEI is the three RSEI Tutorials. They can be found in Chapter 3
of this manual, or by clicking on the RSEI Tutorial button on the RSEI start screen.
When you want to try the Advanced RSEI yourself, click on the Advanced RSEI button
on the RSEI start screen. The model will then display 'Important Characteristics of
RSEI.' Click 'Continue,' and the Advanced RSEI interface will open. Advanced RSEI
allows users broad freedom to customize their use of RSEI using maps, crosstab tables,
sorted tables, filters, and graphs. Users can look at national-level results or the results for
a single facility or chemical. Extensive help is available by clicking the Help button at
any point in the model, or in Chapters 4 through 9 of this Manual. Once you're
comfortable with Advanced RSEI, click on the button in the bottom left of the Easy RSEI
start page that says, 'In the future, start Advanced RSEI.' Then you can access the RSEI
Advanced mode by clicking the Start button at the bottom left corner of your Windows
screen, then 'Programs,' 'RSEI,' then 'RSEI.' Advanced RSEI will automatically open.
If you ever want to go back to Easy RSEI or the tutorials, simply click on the Switch to
Welcome Screen button at the bottom left of the Welcome to Advanced RSEI screen.
Note that the way the RSEI model appears on your screen will depend on your Windows
settings, including your screen resolution. If some of the displays appear truncated, click
on the Windows 'Start' button, then 'Settings,' then 'Control Panel,' then 'Display,' then
'Settings.' In the right-hand side of the screen, slide the levers under 'Display area' to the
right one notch.
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Installation Instructions
Uninstalling RSEI
RSEI comes with its own Uninstall program that removes the entire program, ancillary
files (*.dll's), and accompanying databases. However, it will not remove the 'user'
directory (so that any tables you have created will not be automatically lost) and the
Borland Database Engine with its associated RSEI settings. You can delete these
manually if desired. You do not need the CD-ROM to do this. Click on Start-
>Programs->RSEI->Uninstall RSEI and follow the prompts.
The RSEI model can also be uninstalled using the Windows function under 'Settings.'
You may need to manually delete the C:\Program FilesVRSEI folder and its subdirectories.
Do this by using Windows Explorer, open the view of the C: drive and dragging the
C:\Program FilesVRSEI folder into the Recycle Bin. The disk space will not be freed up
until you empty the Recycle Bin.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Welcome to EPA's Risk-screening Environmental Indicators CD-ROM i
For More Information iii
Installation Instructions for EPA's Risk-screening Environmental Indicators CD-ROM . iv
System Requirements iv
Installing RSEI iv
Launching RSEI v
Uninstalling RSEI vi
CHAPTER 1. Introduction to EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators 1-1
Model Description 1-2
Geographic Basis of the Model 1-4
Components of the Model 1-7
Chemical Releases and Transfers 1-7
Adjustments for Chronic Human Health Toxicity 1-7
Toxicity Data 1-7
Calculating Toxicity Weights 1-9
Adjustments for Exposure Potential 1-11
Stack and Fugitive Air Releases 1-12
Direct Surface Water Releases 1-14
Land Releases 1-16
Releases to POTWs 1-17
Off-site Transfers 1-18
RSEI Results 1-19
Risk-related results 1-19
Hazard-based results 1-20
Pounds-based results 1-20
Analyses That Can be Performed Using the RSEI Model 1-21
Important Caveats Regarding the RSEI Chronic Human Health Model 1-22
Toxicity Component 1-22
Exposure Component 1-23
Population Component 1-24
Strengths and Limitations of the RSEI Chronic Human Health Model 1-24
Strengths 1-24
Limitations 1-25
CHAPTER 2. What Has Changed Since Version 1.02? 2-1
More Refined Data 2-1
New 'Easy RSEF Interface 2-1
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Table of Contents
Water Pathways Available 2-1
Expanded Air Modeling 2-2
New Geographic Options 2-2
Enhanced Query Options 2-2
Enhanced Results Display Options 2-2
Enhanced Export Options 2-3
Faster Processing 2-3
New Results Categories 2-3
Tribal Land Identifier 2-3
CHAPTER 3. Quick Start Tutorials 3-1
Tutorial 1. Evaluating National-Level Risk-Related Impacts 3-1
Tutorial 2. State-Level Analysis 3-13
Tutorial 3. Finding Facility-Level Information 3-23
CHAPTER 4. Viewing Data 4-1
Category Data 4-2
Census Data 4-3
Chemical Data 4-4
County Data 4-10
CountyExp Data 4-11
Elements Data 4-12
Facility Data 4-13
MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level) 4-17
Media Data 4-18
Off-site Data 4-19
Reach Data 4-21
ReachPops Data 4-23
Release Data 4-24
SIC Table Data 4-24
Submission Data 4-25
Weather Data 4-25
WSDB (Water System) Data 4-26
ZIP Code Data 4-28
CHAPTER 5. Selecting Releases 5-1
Selecting releases (Select button) 5-1
Opening Existing Selections 5-2
New Selections 5-2
Adding Selection Statements 5-3
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Table of Contents
Deleting Selection Statements 5-7
'Special' Button 5-7
Saving/Opening Selections 5-7
Submitting Your Selection 5-8
Variable Descriptions 5-8
Chemical Flags 5-8
Chemical Properties 5-12
Chemical Identifiers 5-14
Chemical Toxicity 5-15
Elements 5-20
Facility Location 5-21
Facility Identifiers 5-24
Facility Industry 5-25
Facility Other 5-27
Release 5-28
Submission 5-29
Internal IDs 5-30
Examples of Complex Selections 5-30
Example 1 5-30
Example 2 5-31
Example 3 5-31
Example 4 5-33
CHAPTER 6. Displaying Selected Facilities- The Selected Facilities Browser 6-1
The Selected Facilities List 6-1
Changing the Grouping 6-3
Using Map Functions 6-4
Finding a Location (Position) 6-5
Changing the Zoom 6-5
Retrieving Information 6-6
Highlighting Selected Facilities 6-6
Showing Facility Names 6-6
Selecting a New Set of Facilities by Geographic Location 6-7
Displaying the Map Legend 6-7
Displaying Facility Information 6-7
Locating the Selected Facility 6-8
Displaying Populations and Chemical Concentrations 6-8
Cells Button 6-10
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 7. Snapshots of Selected Releases- Summary and Thematic Maps 7-1
The Summary Button 7-1
Total by Year 7-1
Year by Media 7-2
Chemical Rank 7-2
Facility Rank 7-3
County Rank 7-3
The Thematic Maps Button 7-4
CHAPTER 8. Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables 8-1
Creating a New Table 8-1
Loading a Table 8-3
Modifying the Table View 8-3
Using the Filter 8-5
Value selected 8-6
Options 8-9
Normalization 8-9
Cell Display 8-10
Graph 8-11
Sorted Table 8-12
Exporting Tables 8-13
Printing Tables 8-15
CHAPTER 9. Additional Information 9-1
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities 9-1
EPA Regions 9-9
Additional Facility Information 9-10
Media Information 9-10
Score Category Information 9-13
On-site Chemical Information 9-15
State Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Codes 9-16
Glossary of Commonly Used Terms 9-18
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction to EPA's Risk-Screening
Environmental Indicators
EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model is a screening-level tool
that assesses the potential impact of industrial releases from pounds-based, hazard-based,
and risk-related perspectives. RSEI uses risk concepts to quickly and easily screen large
amounts of data, saving time and resources. RSEI is particularly useful for examining
trends to measure change, ranking and prioritizing chemicals and industry sectors for
strategic planning, conducting risk-related targeting, and supporting community-based
projects.
Using estimates of pounds of chemical releases to investigate potential health and
environmental impact is limited by the assumptions that all chemicals are equally toxic
and all people are equally exposed. Formal risk assessments are more accurate, but are
complicated and time consuming to prepare, requiring detailed data which is not always
available, and the results are often limited in scope and geographic area. The RSEI
approach augments estimates of pounds released with toxicity and exposure
considerations, but does not address all of the potential factors that a full risk-assessment
would include.
RSEI considers the following information: the amount of chemical released, the toxicity
of the chemical, its fate and transport through the environment, the route and extent of
human exposure, and the number of people affected. This information is used to create
numerical values that can be added and compared in limitless ways to assess the relative
risk of chemicals, facilities, regions, industries, or many other factors. The values are for
comparative purposes and only meaningful when compared to other values produced by
RSEI. It should be emphasized that the result is not a detailed or quantitative risk
assessment, but offers a screening-level, risk-related perspective for relative comparisons
of chemical releases.
The RSEI approach is very flexible and can be implemented in various ways. The use of
the model is not limited to TRI chemicals; in principle, the adaptable method can model
any chemical if toxicity characteristics, physicochemical properties, release levels, and
release location are known or can be estimated. The current version of the model
addresses chronic human health effects and chronic exposures, and uses estimates of
annual releases from EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI).
As an indication of improvements in environmental quality over time, RSEI provides a
valuable tool to measure general trends based upon relative risk-related impacts of TRI
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Chapter 1: Introduction
chemicals. Although the model results do not capture all environmental releases of
concern, they do relate changes in releases to relative changes in chronic human health
impacts from a large number of toxic chemicals of concern to the Agency. The model
also provides an ability to analyze the relative contribution of chemicals and industrial
sectors to environmental impacts, and serves as an analytical basis for further risk
analysis, setting priorities for pollution prevention, regulatory initiatives, enforcement
targeting, and chemical testing.
The following sections of this chapter (Chapter 1) describe the RSEI method and the
types of questions that can be explored using the model. Chapter 2 describes the changes
that can be found in Version 2.1. Chapter 3 provides three tutorials that will help the new
user get started with commonly-used functions. Chapters 4 through 8 describe the
operations of the Advanced RSEI. Chapter 9 provides additional information that may be
useful when querying the database, including SIC codes, score category codes, FIPS
codes, and other TRI codes, and a glossary. This Manual is supplemented by Technical
Appendices that can be found on the RSEI Installation Disk in a folder called 'Supporting
Information.' The appendices present additional information on the following topics:
toxicity (Appendix A) and physicochemical data (Appendix B) for TRI chemicals,
exposure assumptions used in the model (Appendix C), locational data for on-site and
off-site facilities (Appendix D), derived stack parameter data (Appendix E), and data
differences between TRI and the RSEI model (Appendix F). A spreadsheet detailing the
calculation of the chemical toxicity weights used in the model is also provided on the
Installation Disk.
Model Description
The RSEI Chronic Human Health model calculates values that reflect the risk-related
impacts on chronic human health of modeled TRI chemical releases and transfers. These
values do not provide absolute measures of risk and can only be interpreted as relative
measures to be compared with other such values (reflecting the direction and the general
magnitude of changes at different points in time when analyzing trends, or identifying the
relative contribution of variables in a comparative analysis).
The model uses the reported quantities of TRI releases and transfers of chemicals to
estimate the risk-related impacts associated with each type of air and water release or
transfer by every TRI facility. The risk-related impacts potentially posed by a chemical
are a function of chemical toxicity, the fate and transport of the chemical in the
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Chapter 1: Introduction
environment after it is released, the pathway of human exposure, and the number of
people exposed.1
The RSEI model starts with TRI releases. For each exposure pathway from each
chemical release, the model generates an 'Indicator Element'. For instance, a release of
the chemical benzene to air via a stack from the 'ABC' Facility in 1999 is an 'Indicator
Element'. Each Indicator Element is associated with a set of results, including pounds-
based, hazard-based, and risk-related results, or scores. The risk-related score is a
unitless value proportional to the potential risk-related impact of each element.
Each Indicator Element can be combined and compared with other Indicator Elements.
There are countless ways that Indicator Elements can be grouped together to assess
chronic human health impacts. For example, all of the RSEI results can be aggregated for
each year to allow an assessment of trends in estimated impacts, or Indicator Elements
can be grouped to allow users to compare results for facilities, regions, chemicals, and
any combinations of these and other variables. RSEI does not perform a detailed or
quantitative risk assessment, but offers a screening-level, risk-related perspective for
relative comparisons of chemical releases. The model does not estimate actual risk to
individuals. RSEI results are only meaningful when compared to other results produced
by RSEI.
The current version of the model calculates risk-related results for the air and surface
water pathways only. For other pathways, and in instances where information needed to
model a release is not available, only pounds-based and hazard-based perspectives are
available. In cases where toxicity weights are not available, only pounds-based results
can be viewed.
In addition, RSEI allows users to look at pounds- and hazard-based results using the same
kinds of combinations and comparisons. For a detailed description of the RSEI model
and components of the model, refer to EPA 's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators
Methodology (available on the RSEI website at www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei), which represents
the most recent full documentation of the model.
1 The method is focused on general populations; specific individuals, particularly highly exposed
individuals, are not the focus of the model.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Geographic Basis of the Model
The RSEI model relies on the ability to locate facilities and people geographically, and to
attribute physical characteristics, such as meteorology, to the facilities once they are
located. To locate the facilities and the attribute data to those facilities, the RSEI model
describes the U.S. and its territories2 as a 1 km by 1 km grid system. For each cell in the
grid, a location "address" in terms of (X,Y) coordinates is assigned based on latitude and
longitude (lat/long).
Each (X,Y) pair defines the center point of one cell in the grid. Using the (X,Y) pair, the
boundary of each cell can be constructed with the four corner points: (X+0.5, Y+0.5) for
the upper right corner, (X+0.5,Y-0.5) for the lower right corner, (X-0.5,Y-0.5) for the
lower left corner, and (X-0.5,Y+0.5) for the upper left corner. The equations used to
determine the (X, Y) coordinates defining the center of a given cell from lat/long data are
presented in the Methodology document.
Once the grid system for the U.S. is established, facilities can be located in it. The ability
of the RSEI model to accurately locate a facility depends on the accuracy of the lat/long
coordinates describing its location. Each facility reporting to TRI is instructed in Form R
to provide the lat/long coordinates of the facility, or, if the facility is large, the lat/long
coordinates of a point central to the production activities of the facility. These reported
coordinates are of varying levels of quality, so, before locating facilities on the RSEI
model grid, EPA performs a quality assurance procedure using the reported coordinates,
other EPA locational data, and commercial geocoding services.3 The same equations that
determine the (X,Y) coordinates of the grid cells are then used to transform facility
lat/long coordinates to (X,Y) coordinates. The facility can then be located in the grid
system for further modeling.
In order to estimate potential exposure, the U.S. population must also be geographically
located on the model grid. The RSEI model uses U.S. Decennial Census data for 1990
and 2000 at the block level.4 In previous versions of the model, U.S. Census race
categories were available for viewing on the map (not for calculating results). However,
due to complications arising from changes in race categorization for the 2000 Census,
race categories are not available for viewing in the current version of the model. The
2 The model also includes Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern
Marianis Islands.
3 Geocoding services were provided by Thomas Computing Services, Lantana, FL.
4 U.S. Census data were provided by GeoLytics, Inc., East Brunswick, NJ.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
following sections describe how the U.S. Census data is used to generate annual
population estimates for age and sex, and how the unit of analysis for the U.S. Census
(the block) is translated into the unit of analysis for the model (the grid cell).
Population data. U.S. Census block-level data are used to estimate the number of people
in each grid cell, as well as their demographic characteristics. Census blocks are the
smallest geographic area for which decennial census data are collected. Blocks are of
varying size, formed by streets, roads, railroads, streams and other bodies of water, other
visible physical and cultural features, and the legal boundaries shown on Census Bureau
maps. In 1990, there were approximately 7 million Census blocks. Due to boundary
changes and increased resolution for highly populated areas, there were approximately 9
million blocks in the 2000 Census.
Block-level information from the 1990 Census and the 2000 Census5 are used to create
detailed age-sex variables for each of the census blocks in the US for 1990 and for 2000.
The following variables are available in the RSEI model:
Males Aged 0 through 9 years
Males Aged 10 through 17 years
Males Aged 18 through 44 years
Males Aged 45 through 64 years (Results for this subpopulation are not displayed
separately in the model)
Males Aged 65 years and Older
Females Aged 0 through 9 years
Females Aged 10 through 17 years
Females Aged 18 through 44 years
Females Aged 45 through 64 years (Results for this subpopulation are not
displayed separately in the model)
Females Aged 65 years and Older
Because the Census block boundaries have changed between 1990 and 2000, the block
level data is first transferred to the RSEI model grid, which is unchanging, using the
method described below in 'Mapping block populations to grid cells.' Once on the grid,
5 For 1990, not all of the variables were available at the block level. For those variables that were only
available at the block group level, block group ratios were calculated and applied to the data at the block level. For
2000, all of the required data were available at the block level.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
a straight-line interpolation is performed for each grid cell between 1990 to 2000 to create
annual estimates of the population for each grid cell for each year. The straight line is
also extended to estimate population for 1988 and 1989.
Puerto Rico and Territories. For Puerto Rico, mapping limitations dictated the use of
block group data rather than block level data for 1990 (shapefiles were not available at
the lower level of resolution). However, block level data was used for 2000. For the U.S.
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, mapping was
limited to whole-island areas or county equivalents, so the population data is also at this
level of detail. The population is assumed to be distributed evenly through each whole-
island area or county equivalent. Detailed demographic data were not available, so
Census Bureau estimates of age and sex ratios for 2000 were used instead, and applied to
actual 1990 and 2000 Census totals.
Mapping block populations to grid cells. Once annual detailed demographic data sets are
created, the model translates the data from Census blocks to the model's 1 km by 1 km
grid cells. The Census provides the geometry for each block in the Topologically
Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) geographic database. The
boundaries and area for each block were derived from the TIGER database. The location
of each grid cell is defined by its four corner points, calculated from its (X,Y)
coordinates. The RSEI model uses the derived block boundary files to map each block to
its corresponding cells in the grid according to the portion of the block's total area that
falls within each cell. The area of a block that falls within a grid cell is divided by the
total area for that block, then that fraction is multiplied by the block's population and
subpopulations to determine its contribution to the grid cell's population. If more than
one block overlays a grid cell, then the populations contributed by the multiple blocks are
summed.
Components of the Model
Once facilities and people are located on the model's grid, three main components are
used to compute risk-related impacts in the RSEI model. These components are:
the quantity of chemicals released or transferred;
adjustments for chronic human health toxicity; and
adjustments for exposure potential and population size.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
These components and the method used to combine them are described in the following
sections.
Chemical Releases and Transfers
The model uses information on facilities' chemical releases and transfers from these
facilities to off-site facilities (such as sewage treatment plants and incinerators) to model
risk-related impacts. These releases are reported by facilities to the Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI), as mandated by the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA). As of the 2000 reporting year, there are 612 TRI chemicals and
chemical categories listed. Users can view pounds of chemicals released per year
(pounds-based results) for any combination of variables included in the model.
Adjustments for Chronic Human Health Toxicity
The model is based on current EPA methodologies for assessing toxicity. The method
EPA has chosen for assigning toxicity weights to chemicals is clear and reproducible,
based upon easily accessible and publicly available information, and uses expert EPA-
wide judgments to the greatest extent possible. RSEI reflects the toxicities of chemicals
relative to one another using a continuous system of numerical weights. Toxicity weights
for chemicals increase as the toxicological potential to cause chronic human health effects
increases. Toxicity-adjusted releases are called "hazard-based results" and provide an
alternative perspective to pounds-based or full risk-related results, and are especially
valuable when necessary data for risk-related modeling are not available.
! Toxicity Data
Values developed by EPA experts are used to differentiate the degrees and types of
toxicity of chemicals, and rank them in a consistent manner. Values called Oral Slope
Factors and Inhalation Unit Risks6 provide information pertaining to toxicity for
chemicals that may cause cancer. Reference Doses (RfDs) and Reference Concentrations
(RfCs) provide toxicity information related to noncancer effects.7 Where these values are
not available from EPA, other data sources may be used.
6 The Oral Slope Factor represents the upper-bound (approximating a 95% confidence limit) estimate of the
slope of the dose-response curve in the low-dose region for carcinogens. The units of the slope factor are usually
expressed as (mg/kg-day)"'. The Inhalation Unit Risk is the upper-bound excess lifetime cancer risk estimated to
result from continuous exposure to an agent at a concentration of 1 ug/m3 in air.
7 RfDs and RfCs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily exposure
[RfD], or continuous inhalation exposure [RfC], to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is
likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects during a lifetime.
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The following data sources are used, in the order of preference:
EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS);
EPA Office of Pesticide Programs' Toxicity Tracking Reports (OPP);
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry final, published chronic MRLs
(ATSDR);
California Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Environmental Health
Hazard Assessment final, published toxicity values (Cal/EPA);
EPA's Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST); and
Final Derived/Interim Derived Toxicity Weights (Derived) estimated by EPA's
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics.
The data sources are used in a tiered fashion. The first tier consists of IRIS and OPP.
The most recent data for each chemical's chronic human health endpoint is used. If the
dates are comparable, preference is given to IRIS. The second tier consists of ATSDR
and Cal/EPA. Again, the most recent source of the two is used for any chemical's
chronic human health endpoint not found in the first tier. In the absence of data from first
or second tier sources for an individual chronic health endpoint, the following data
sources are used, in the order of preference: HEAST, Final/Interim Derived, and IRIS
values previously used in toxicity weighting, but withdrawn pending revision.
For chemicals with carcinogenicity risk values, Weight of Evidence (WOE)8 values were
obtained using the same data source hierarchy. Therefore, preference was given to
WOE's from IRIS or OPP. As a general rule, chemicals with cancer potency factors from
IRIS or OPP will also have WOEs. CalEPA, however, references either EPA or IARC
for WOE designations. Therefore, in the absence of an EPA consensus WOE, WOE's
were obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However,
due to the differences in WOE definition, it is not always possible to translate IARC
WOE's into EPA WOE's without examining the toxicity data. WOE's were matched in
the following way:
8 Based on the quality and adequacy of data on carcinogenicity, EPA places a chemical in one of the
following five weight of evidence categories, as specified in 51 FR 33996:
A Carcinogenic to humans
B Probable carcinogen
B1 Indicates limited human evidence
B2 Indicates sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in
humans
C Possible carcinogen
D Not classifiable
E Evidence of non-carcinogenicity
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IARC Group 1 = EPA Group A (Human Carcinogen)
IARC Group 2A = EPA Group B (Probable Human Carcinogen)
IARC Group 2B = EPA Group B or EPA Group C (Possible Carcinogen)
IARC Group 3 = EPA Group D (Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity)
IARC Group 4 = EPA Group E (Evidence of Non-Carcinogenicity)
The IARC 2B designation is not easily translated to the EPA designation, and spans EPA
Groups B and C. This is a particularly important distinction because the use of a B2 or C
designation will affect the calculation of the toxicity weight (see below). Therefore, for
the chemicals with IARC 2B designations, summaries of the toxicity data used to
generate the oral slope factor or inhalation unit risk were evaluated to derive WOEs.
Since these are primarily chemicals with data from CalEPA, the CalEPA "Technical
Support Document for Describing Available Cancer Potency Factors" was used for the
background information.
! Calculating Toxicity Weights
The RSEI toxicity scoring method separately evaluates exposure routes (inhalation and
oral) and classes of effects (cancer and noncancer). For each route, chemicals are scored
based on their single most sensitive adverse effect. Except for the cancer/noncancer
distinction, the toxicity weighting methodology does not distinguish between chemicals
based on type or target of effect (e.g., neurotoxicity vs. developmental toxicity), nor does
it address multiple effects which may be exhibited by a chemical. When values are
available for only one route of exposure, ordinarily the same toxicity weight is applied to
reflect the potential for both inhalation and oral toxicity, provided there is no evidence the
effects are route-specific or limited to the portal of entry into the body. Specifically, in
rare instances, toxicity studies are available to show a given chemical causes no health
effects by one exposure route. In these instances, a toxicity weight is assigned only to the
route that results in chronic human health effects.
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In the RSEI methodology, the following algorithms are used to assign toxicity weights:
non-carcinogens: 0.5 /RfD (mg/kg-day) or 1.8 RfC (mg/m3)
carcinogens (WOE categories A Oral Slope Factor (risk per mg/kg-day)/
andB): 0.0005 or
Inhalation Unit Risk (risk per mg/m3)/
0.00014
carcinogens Oral Slope Factor (risk per mg/kg-day)/
(WOE category C): (0.0005 * 10) or
Inhalation Unit Risk (risk per mg/m3)/
(0.00014 * 10)
These constants maintain the equivalency between cancer and noncancer scores that was
established in the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) scoring methodology used in EPA's
Superfund program.9 When combining cancer and noncancer endpoints, it is assumed
that exposure at the level of the RfD is equivalent to a 2.5 x 10"4 cancer risk.
The distribution of toxicity values for TRI chemicals corresponds to a range of toxicity
weights of approximately 0.01 to 1,000,000. However, toxicity weights are not bounded.
Continuous toxicity weights are expressed as values with two significant figures.
There are 612 chemicals and chemical categories on the 2000 TRI Chemical List.
Toxicity weights are available for 426 of these chemicals and chemical categories. The
426 chemicals with toxicity weights account for over 98% of the reported pounds for all
on-site releases in 2000.
More information on the toxicity data used in the model can be found in Technical
Appendix A. A complete discussion of the methods used in these evaluations, as well as
the chemical-by-chemical data summaries and score assignments, are provided the
Toxicity Weighting Methodology document, which can be found on the RSEI website.10
9 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1990b. Hazard Ranking System: Final Rule. 55 Federal
Register 241. pp. 51532-51667.
10 www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei.
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Adjustments for Exposure Potential
Quantitatively, exposure potential is estimated using a "surrogate" dose. To estimate the
surrogate dose, a separate exposure evaluation is conducted for each pathway-specific
chemical emission. The exposure evaluations use models that incorporate data on media-
and pathway-specific chemical releases and transfers, physicochemical properties and,
where available, site characteristics, to estimate the ambient chemical concentration in the
medium into which the chemical is released or transferred. The ambient concentrations
are combined with human exposure assumptions and estimates of exposed population
size specific to age and sex. Specific exposure factors are discussed in each section
below.
The algorithms for calculating surrogate doses rely on the ability to locate facilities and
people geographically on the 1 km by 1 km grid cell system described earlier. While this
method uses the EPA exposure assessment paradigm to evaluate exposure potential, the
results should not be construed as an actual numerical estimate of dose resulting from
TRI releases, because limited facility-specific data and the use of models that rely on
default values for many parameters prevent the calculation of an actual dose. Instead, the
purpose of the methodology is to generate as accurate a surrogate dose as possible
without conducting an in-depth risk assessment. The estimates of surrogate doses from
releases of TRI chemicals are relative to the surrogate doses resulting from other
releases included in the model.
The sections below discuss each of the exposure pathways included in the model. Please
note that not all pathways are currently modeled in the RSEI model. For pathways that
are not modeled, risk-related results are not available, but users can examine results from
pounds-based and hazard-based perspectives.
! Stack and Fugitive Air Releases
This method uses algorithms from the Industrial Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT)
model developed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). ISCLT
is a steady-state Gaussian plume model used to estimate long-term pollutant
concentrations downwind of a stack or area source. The concentration is a function of
facility-specific parameters (such as stack height and diameter), meteorology, and
chemical-specific, first-order air decay rates. The air decay rates are based on either
photooxidation or, in rare cases, hydrolysis in air.
In the RSEI model, each facility is located in a 1 km by 1 km grid cell based on its
reported lat/long. For simplification, the model places the facility at the center of the grid
cell where it is located. However, the facility may be up to 707 m from the center of the
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Chapter 1: Introduction
grid cell. (707 m is calculated as the hypotenuse of an isosceles triangle with both sides
of length 500m.)
The ISCLT model then uses meteorological and chemical-specific decay rates to estimate
the air concentrations for each grid cell in a 101 km by 101 km area [i.e. 50 km in each
cardinal direction of the compass] surrounding the grid cell containing the facility. For
each of the 10,201 1 km by 1 km cells, an air concentration for a given chemical is
calculated at the midpoint of the edge closest to the source in the center cell. For the
center cell in which the facility is located, the RSEI model previously assigned the highest
air concentration from the eight cells surrounding that cell. In the current version, the
model splits the center cell into 401 sub-cells (each sub-cell is 50 m by 50 m), and assigns
the average concentration of these sub-cells to the 1 km by 1 km center cell.
Stack height data were obtained from the AIRS Facility Subsystem (AFS) within the
Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS), the National Emission Trends (NET)
Database, and databases from three individual states (California, New York, and
Wisconsin). For each TRI facility that had stack height data in one or more of these
sources, the median height of all stacks at the facility is used in the RSEI model. For the
TRI facilities which had no stack height data in these sources, a Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) code-based median stack height is assigned to the facility. The SIC
code-based stack height is estimated from data in AFS and the Trends Database for
facilities in the appropriate 3-digit SIC code or in the 2-digit SIC code if the 3-digit SIC
code is unavailable (based on th TRI facility's primary SIC code). If no 2-digit SIC code
is available, the median of all stack heights with TRI-reportable SIC codes is used.
For both stack diameter and exit gas velocity, the RSEI model uses the same data sources,
criteria, and statistical methods described above for stack height data. Specifically, the
model uses either the median value of all stacks for TRI facilities with this information or
an SIC code-based median value for facilities without the appropriate stack data. Exit gas
velocity data are obtained from AFS, NET, and state-specific databases. Stack diameter
data are obtained from AFS and NET.
An additional data source was used for some of the new industries added in Reporting
Year 1998. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) provided EPA with two
databases of site-specific data for electric utilities, including stack height, stack diameter,
and stack velocity. Approximately 600 TRI facilities report one of the three electric
utility SIC codes (4911- Electric Services; 4931- Electric and Other Services Combined;
or 4939- Combination Utilities, not elsewhere classified). Where possible, TRI facilities
were matched to facilities in the EPRI data, and the EPRI stack parameters were used. For
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Chapter 1: Introduction
the facilities that could not be matched, the median parameters from the EPRI data were
used.
Analyses have been conducted that show the concentrations predicted by the RSEI model
using a combination of generic and site-specific data closely match concentrations
estimated by using more complete site-specific data. For complete details on the
derivation of stack parameter data, see Technical Appendix E.
For air releases, chemical concentrations are calculated for each grid cell inside a 101 km
square surrounding the facility. The concentration is multiplied by age-sex specific
inhalation rates, as shown in Table 1-1 below. This calculates the surrogate dose for each
of the ten age-sex categories included in the model. The population assigned to each grid
cell is assumed to be exposed to the concentration calculated for that grid cell.
Table 1-1. Exposure
Age-Sex Category
Male 0 to 9
Male 10 to 17
Male 18 to 44
Male 45 to 64
Male 65 and up
Female 0 to 9
Female 10 to 17
Female 18 to 44
Female 45 to 64
Female 65 and up
Factors for Air Releases
Inhalation Rate (m3/kg/day)
0.341
0.341
0.209
0.194
0.174
0.31
0.31
0.186
0.165
0.153
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! Direct Surface Water Releases
Chemicals released directly to surface waters are modeled using a simple first-order decay
equation, along with estimates of river discharge and velocity. Chemical concentrations
are estimated for distances up to 200 km downstream from the chemical release to take
into account drinking water intakes up to 200 km downstream. The chemical-specific
decay coefficient is predominantly based on either abiotic hydrolysis or microbial
biodegradation, but it may also be based on photooxidation.
This method considers two chronic human health exposure pathways from surface water
releases. First, exposures from drinking water are calculated. Chemical releases from
on-site or off-site facilities into water are assumed to be discharged into the stream
reach11 nearest the facility.12 As the chemical travels downstream, concentrations at
public drinking water intakes are estimated. The number of people served by the water
system supplied by the intake is assumed to be the population exposed to the chemical
concentration. However, because only the number of people served, not their geographic
location, is know, the model uses the demographic breakdown of all the people in a 50
mile radius around each intake as a surrogate for the actual number of people in each age-
sex subgroup served by the drinking water intake. Drinking water ingestion rates are
shown in Table 1-2 below. If a stream reach contains no drinking water intake, the
exposed population is zero. The concentrations at the drinking water intake for chemicals
for which EPA has established Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are assumed to
not exceed the relevant MCLs that were in effect for the year of the release.13
A second potential exposure pathway is from consumption of contaminated fish. Each
segment of the affected surface water reach may contain contaminated fish which could
be caught and eaten by recreational and subsistence fishers. As described above, the
model tracks the concentration of the chemical as it travels downstream. In each stream
reach, the estimated concentration in fish is derived by multiplying the chemical
concentration in the water by a factor to account for bioconcentration of the chemical
from water into fish. County- and state-specific fishing license data is used to estimate
the percentage of people in each county who fish. This number is multiplied by an
estimate of average household size to obtain the portion of each county's total population
that eats fish. Since most fishers travel a maximum of 50 miles to fish, the population
11 Streams are divided into reaches, which are lineal sections of a stream transport path.
12 For those facilities whose discharge reach is known, modeling is conducted from the known reach
segment downstream for 200 km.
13 RSEI contains information on yearly values for MCLs. However, information for some chemicals for
MCLs prior to 1991 were not available. See 'MCL' table in Chapter 4 (Viewing Data), for details.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
within 50 miles (according to Census data) of a reach modeled as having a nonzero
chemical concentration is multiplied by the county-specific fish-eating percentage to
obtain the total exposed population. Recreational fishers and their families, who eat a
small amount offish, are assumed to comprise 95 percent of this exposed population.
Subsistence fishers and families, who eat fish as a large part of their diet, make up the
remaining 5 percent. Recreational and subsistence fishers are also assumed to have
differing fish ingestion rates, as shown in Table 1-2 below.
Table 1-2. Exposure Factors for Water Releases
Age-Sex Category
Drinking Water
Ingestion Rate
(L/kg/day)
Recreational
Fish Ingestion
Rate (g/kg/day)
Subsistence Fish
Ingestion Rate
(g/kg/day)
Male 0 to 9
Male 10 to 17
Male 18 to 44
Male 45 to 64
Male 65 and up
Female 0 to 9
Female 10 to 17
Female 18 to 44
Female 45 to 64
Female 65 and up
0.0298
0.0298
0.0184
0.022
0.0219
0.0298
0.0298
0.0184
0.022
0.0219
0.0756
0.0756
0.199
0.407
0.434
0.0372
0.0372
0.114
0.262
0.267
2.83
2.83
1.92
2.08
2.22
2.05
2.05
1.71
1.6
1.63
! Land Releases
On- and off-site land releases include releases to landfills, surface impoundments, land
treatment units and underground injection wells. For these releases, two major exposure
pathways are of interest - volatilization to air or leaching into groundwater. Volatilization
of chemicals from on-site land releases is reported to TRI under the fugitive emission
estimate for the facility, and is handled as a fugitive air release. For more information on
RSEI modeling of fugitive air releases, see "Air Releases" above. The current version of
RSEI does not provide risk modeling for reported land releases. However, RSEI does
provide the capability for users to examine the pounds of releases to land that are reported
to TRI, as well as viewing these releases from a hazard-based perspective.
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The potential for groundwater contamination from land releases depends on the
regulatory status of the unit in which the chemical is released. For example, chemicals
could be deposited in an on-site RCRA-regulated, subtitle C hazardous waste unit, or in
an on-site nonhazardous solid waste management unit. RCRA standards for hazardous
waste units are, by regulation, designed to include technical controls to prevent release of
contaminants into groundwater. If chemicals are placed in such regulated units, EPA
assumes that releases to groundwater are negligible so RSEI would assign a zero value to
the risk-related scores for such releases. If chemicals are placed in nonhazardous land
disposal units (landfills, etc.), there is a potential for exposure. This exposure pathway
and volatilization from off-site landfills are currently under review for inclusion in a
future version of RSEI.
On- and off-site land releases to underground injection are not modeled for exposure by
RSEI. The hydrogeological, spatial, and temporal considerations that are associated with
exposures to toxic chemicals in underground injection wells are situation- and site-
specific, so RSEI is only able to provide pounds-based and hazard-based perspectives for
this type of land release. Note, however, that under well-managed conditions, Class I
wells (there are five classes of wells) are specifically designed to pose minimal risk to
human health or the environment.
! Releases to POTWs
Modeling exposure from TRI-reported transfers to Publicly-Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs) requires: (1) location of the POTW to which the chemicals are discharged, (2)
consideration of overall removal efficiencies of POTWs and resulting effluent discharges
from POTWs, (3) consideration of residuals management at POTWs, and 4) identification
of the receiving stream reach.
Locating the POTW. POTW names and addresses are reported to TRI by the facility
transferring its waste. Latitude and longitude are not reported. In order to derive
coordinates, the reported street addresses were geocoded (coordinates were assigned
based on street address) by Thomas Computing Services, a commercial firm. Facilities
with insufficient or incorrect street addresses are matched, if possible, with facilities with
better locational data. If no matches can be found, the facility is assumed to be located at
the center of its reported zip code. Once latitude and longitude for a facility are
determined, the data are used to map the facility to a given grid cell, using the equations
described in Chapter 3 of the Methodology document. Substantial data processing was
necessary to prepare the set off-site facilities for use in the model; see Technical
Appendix D for details on the steps that were taken.
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Overall POTW Removal Rate. POTWs cannot completely remove all of the chemicals
that are transferred to the plant from the TRI facility. Some of the chemical loading in the
influent will be discharged as effluent to surface waters. To calculate the fraction of
transferred chemical removed by the POTW, the typical contaminant-specific removal
rate is applied to the volume transferred to the POTW from the TRI facility.
Partitioning within the POTW. Chemical loadings may be removed by the POTW
treatment processes through biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sludge. The
amount of the chemical that is removed by each of these processes is modeled using
average chemical-specific partitioning rates. Chemical-specific partition rates are
provided in Technical Appendix B.
Once the fates of chemicals entering the POTW are estimated, exposures associated with
chemical loadings to each compartment are estimated. Chemicals discharged in the
POTW effluent are modeled using the surface water evaluation methods described above.
Chemicals that biodegrade are assumed to degrade to chemicals that do not pose risk.
POTW volatilization releases are treated like area-source air releases, as described above.
For chemicals that partition to sludge, the model used to estimate exposure should ideally
depend on the sludge disposal method employed by the POTW. However, sludge
disposal practices at a POTW receiving a TRI transfer cannot be determined from the TRI
database. Therefore, the RSEI algorithm currently assumes all POTW sludge to be
landfilled at the POTW, a common method of sludge disposal. Landfilling of sludge is
not currently modeled in RSEI. POTWs may in reality use other methods of sludge
disposal, such as incineration of sludge. If sludge were incinerated by a POTW, for
example, this would result in different exposure levels (and a different, larger exposed
population).
Locating the receiving stream reach. In the same method as for TRI reporting facilities,
POTWs are assumed to discharge to the nearest stream reach. However, some POTW-
specific information from EPA data sources was used where it was available.
! Off-site Transfers
This category includes any transfers to waste brokers, non-POTW treatment facilities or
recycling facilities, and includes such off-site activities as storage, recycling and recovery,
treatment, incineration, underground injection, landfill, and land treatment (i.e., those TRI
media codes beginning with 'M'). TRI reporters are required to supply the name and
address of the facility that receives wastes for storage or disposal. From these data, EPA
determines whether wastes are sent to a hazardous or nonhazardous waste management
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Chapter 1: Introduction
facility. As with underground injection wells, transfers to RCRA hazardous waste
facilities are not modeled. If chemicals are placed in such regulated units, it is assumed
that releases to groundwater are negligible.
The determination of locational data for off-site facilities is conducted in the same
manner as for POTWs.
The RSEI methodology then requires information on the treatment and disposal
technologies used by the facility. If the treatment method is incineration, then destruction
and removal efficiencies (DREs) are applied to the transfer amount, and the releases are
modeled using ISCLT, as described above in the discussion of stack and fugitive air
releases.
For off-site landfills, two major exposure pathways are considered: groundwater and
volatilization. These pathways are currently not modeled; however, users can examine
pounds- and hazard-based perspectives for these pathways.
RSEI Results
Because of the multi-functional nature of the model, a variety of results can be created.
All RSEI results start with an Indicator Element, which is a unique combination of
chemical, facility, exposure pathway, and year14. Each Indicator Element has a set of
associated results:
Risk-related results
Hazard-based results
Pounds-based results
Surrogate Dose x Toxicity Weight x Population
Pounds x Toxicity Weight
TRI Pounds released
Risk-related results
The toxicity, surrogate dose, and population components are multiplied to obtain a risk
score for the Indicator Element. The surrogate dose is determined through pathway-
specific modeling of the fate and transport of the chemical through the environment,
Several related Indicator Elements may be associated with certain release and exposure pathways (e.g., direct water releases may
be associated with exposure from drinking water intakes, as well as fish ingestion from recreational fishing and from subsistence fishing).
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combined with subpopulation-specific exposure factors. The score is a unitless measure
that is not independently meaningful, but is a risk-related estimate that can be compared
to other estimates calculated using the same methods. If the Indicator Element cannot be
modeled, because of the lack of data needed for modeling or because the exposure
pathway is not currently modeled, then the risk-related score is zero. The model
calculates risk-related results for the entire population and also for the following
subpopulations: children under 10, children aged 10 to 17, males aged 18 to 44, females
aged 18 to 44, and adults aged 65 and over. In addition the model also calculates
'Modeled Pounds,' which is simply the number of pounds that can be modeled, before
fate and transport modeling and exposure assumptions have been applied.
Hazard-based results
Each Indicator Element also is associated with a hazard-based result, calculated by
multiplying the pounds released by the chemical-specific toxicity weight for the exposure
route (oral or inhalation) associated with the release. For these results, no exposure
modeling or population estimates are involved. If there is no toxicity weight available for
the chemical, then the hazard score is zero.
The model also calculates 'Modeled Hazard,' which is the chemical-specific toxicity
weights multiplied by the Modeled Pounds (as described above), and 'Modeled Hazard *
Pop,' which multiplies modeled hazard by the exposed population, but without the fate
and transport modeling that would be found in risk-related results.
Pounds-based results
These results include only the pounds of releases reported to TRI, and are available for all
Indicator Elements. The model also provides TRI pounds with toxicity weights, which
just sums the pounds for the chemicals that have toxicity weights in the RSEI model.
Once results are calculated for each Indicator Element, they can be combined in many
different ways. All of the results are additive, so a result for a specific set of variables is
calculated by summing all the relevant individual Indicator Element results, as follows:
where:
R = RSEI result, and
IEcjp = chemical-facility-pathway-specific Indicator Element result.
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This method is very flexible, allowing for countless variation in the creation of results.
For example, results can be calculated for various subsets of variables (e.g., chemical,
facility, exposure pathway) and compared to each other to assess the relative contribution
of each subset to the total potential impact. Or, results for the same subset of variables
for different years can be calculated, to assess the general trend in pounds-based, hazard-
based, or risk-related impacts over time.
It must be reiterated that while changes in results over the years would imply that there
have been changes in hazard- or risk-related environmental impacts, the actual magnitude
of any specific change or the reason may not be obvious. Although the value itself may
be useful in identifying facilities or chemicals with the highest potential for hazard or
risk, the weight does not represent a quantitative estimate or provide an exact indication
of the magnitude of individual hazard or risk associated with that facility or chemical.
Analyses That Can be Performed Using the RSEI Model
Users of the model can perform, in a matter of minutes or hours, a variety of screening-
level analyses. Previously, such activities would have taken days, weeks, or even months
to organize the relevant information, evaluate that information, and perform the complex
and sophisticated analyses that are necessary to provide a risk-related perspective.
Results can be used for screening-level ranking and prioritization for strategic planning
purposes, risk-related targeting, and trends analyses. Considerable resources can be saved
by conducting preliminary analyses with the model to identify risk-related situations of
high potential concern, and which warrant further evaluation.
As noted above, users can evaluate releases using a number of variables, such as
chemical, medium, geographic area or industry. For instance, the following types of
questions can be investigated: How do industry sectors compare to one another from a
risk-related perspective? What is the relative contribution of chemicals within a given
industry sector? What release pathway for a particular chemical poses the greatest risk-
related impacts? Users can view pounds-based, hazard-based, and other results, to
investigate the relative influence of toxicity and population components on the risk-
related results, which also incorporate exposure modeling.
The model also contains fully integrated geographic capabilities. Users can select
facilities geographically and display maps. For a 101 kilometer square around a facility,
the model will quickly and easily display grid-cell concentrations from chemical releases
to air, and can sum the overlapping release plumes. In addition, for any small geographic
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area, users can display the population distribution for any population subgroup, and show
the population- and toxicity-weighted air concentrations by subgroup.
Information regarding the RSEI project is available on the RSEI web site.15 Complete
documentation, frequently asked questions, and contact information are all posted on the
site. Periodic updates and troubleshooting information are also available for users.
Important Caveats Regarding the RSEI Chronic Human Health Model
The RSEI Chronic Human Health model is a screening tool that provides a risk-related
perspective in assessing the relative impacts of releases of toxic chemicals. Risk-related
results are available for releases and transfers to air and water, and pounds- and hazard-
based results are available for all media. RSEI combines estimates of toxicity, exposure
level, and the exposed population to provide risk-related comparisons. It does not
provide a detailed or quantitative assessment of risk, and is not designed as a substitute
for more comprehensive, site-specific risk assessments. There are a number of important
considerations associated with each component of the model, as described in the
following sections.
Toxicity Component
The following caveats should be considered regarding the toxicity component of the
model:
Toxicity weights are not designed to (and may not) correlate with statutory criteria
used for listing and delisting chemicals in TRI. RSEI risk-related model results
account for estimated exposure and may not correlate with listing/de-listing
decisions.
The Chronic Human Health model only addresses chronic human toxicity (cancer
and noncancer effects, e.g., developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity,
neurotoxicity, etc.) associated with long-term exposure and does not address
concerns for either acute human toxicity or environmental toxicity.
15 For current information or inquiries regarding the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators Project,
please contact: Gary Cole, Ph.D., (202) 564-8808, cole.gary@epa.gov, Steven Hassur, Ph.D., (202) 564-8558,
hassur.steven@epa.gov, or Richard Engler, Ph.D., (202) 564-8587, engler.richard@epa.gov. Or, see
www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 1-21
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Toxicity weights are based upon the single, most sensitive chronic human health
endpoint for inhalation or oral exposure pathways, and do not reflect severity of
effects or multiple health effects.
Estimated Reference Doses and Reference Concentrations for noncancer effects
incorporate uncertainty factors which are reflected in toxicity weights that are
based upon these values.
Several significant assumptions are made regarding metals and metal compounds,
because important data regarding these chemicals are not subject to TRI reporting.
Metals and metal compounds are assumed to be released in the valence (or
oxidation) state associated with the highest chronic toxicity weight (for
chromium, the higher valence state has greater toxicity, e.g., Cr+6 vs. Cr+3). Metal
compounds are assumed to have the same toxicity weight as the parent metal,
although the chronic toxicity of some metal compounds may be higher or lower.
While the physical form of released metals or metal compounds can affect
toxicity, a reasonable assumption is made regarding the likely form of most
releases (e.g., the non-cancer toxicity weight for chromic acid mists and dissolved
hexavalent chromium aerosols is much higher than for hexavalent chromium
particulates, but releases of these chemicals as acid aerosols are not expected to be
typical so the toxicity weight for cancer based on the inhalation of particulates is
used). Analysts need to consider these assumptions, and whether the gathering of
additional data is warranted, when examining model results for metals and metal
compounds.
Exposure Component
The following caveats should be considered regarding the exposure component of the
model:
Like other exposure models, RSEI estimates exposure levels (it does not yield
actual exposures). The model provides estimated air concentrations in each grid
cell.
The model uses some generic assumptions, e.g., default median stack heights,
diameters, and exit gas velocities related to 2- or 3-digit Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes, or a nationwide median, where facility-specific median
stack height, diameter, and exit gas velocity data are unavailable.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 1-22
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Chapter 1: Introduction
In the current version of the model, only air and direct surface water exposures are
fully modeled.
The model does not account for population activity patterns.
The model has greater uncertainty when examining disaggregated results at the
local or facility level.
Population Component
The following caveats should be considered regarding the population component of the
model:
Population values for non-decennial years are estimated based on linear
interpolations at the block level between the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census dates,
and on extrapolations back to 1988.
Drinking water populations are estimated by using the total drinking water
populations associated with individual downstream drinking water intakes.
Estimated populations for the fish ingestion pathway are based upon U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service surveys.
Because RSEI results reflect changing population size at the local level, a facility's
relative contribution could increase or decrease even without changes in its
releases over time. While the model is designed to reflect the overall risk-related
impacts on the local population, such population changes should be considered
when examining a facility's environmental management practices.
Strengths and Limitations of the RSEI Chronic Human Health Model
Strengths
The following are strengths of the model:
The model provides important hazard-based and risk-related perspectives
regarding the impacts of TRI releases on chronic human health.
The model quickly organizes and evaluates data in a complex manner. For
example, the air exposure model is combined with U.S. Census data to directly
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 1-23
-------
Chapter 1: Introduction
estimate the size of exposed populations and subpopulations and the magnitude of
their exposure, rather than assuming that all individuals surrounding a facility are
equally exposed.
The model allows for greatly increased speed in performing screening analyses,
thereby conserving resources for conducting more precise, site-specific risk
evaluations. In addition, its use as a priority-setting tool allows resources to be
focused in areas that will provide the greatest risk reduction.
The model can perform single- and multi-media analyses.
Custom-designed selections can be based upon a wide range of variables.
This adaptable method can model any chemical if toxicity characteristics,
appropriate physicochemical properties, release levels and release location are
known or can be estimated.
The model considers both cancer and non-cancer human health endpoints.
The RSEI method has been subject to repeated expert peer review.
The model's methodology and assumptions are transparent. Complete and
detailed documentation of the RSEI model is available.
Limitations
The following are limitations of the model:
RSEI results do not provide users with quantitative risk estimates (e.g., excess
cases of cancer).
RSEI results do not evaluate individual risk.
The model does not account for all sources of TRI chemicals; it only accounts for
those sources that are required to report to TRI. It also does not provide scores for
all TRI chemicals, although chemicals without toxicity weights account for a very
small percentage of total releases and of total risk-related impacts.
TRI does not account for all toxic chemicals.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 1-24
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Chapter 1: Introduction
The model assumes that air concentrations of TRI chemicals are the same for
indoor and outdoor exposures, and that populations are continuously exposed.
Dermal and food ingestion pathways (other than fish consumption), and some
other indirect exposure pathways are not evaluated.
Acute health effects associated with short-term, periodic exposures to higher
levels of these same chemicals are not addressed.
Ecological effects are not addressed.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 1-25
-------
CHAPTER 2
What Has Changed Since Version 1.02?
The new version of the RSEI model is much more powerful and flexible than previous
versions. It allows for new kinds of analyses and new ways of displaying results.
More Refined Data
The underlying data in the model has been expanded and refined for greater detail.
Population data from the most recent decennial Census has been added, and translated
onto to the model grid geographically for greater accuracy. Off-site facilities have been
assigned to their actual locations where possible, and TRI reporting facilities have had
their reported locations double-checked and corrected where necessary. Physicochemical
and toxicity data for reported chemicals have been updated, and more detailed (age- and
sex-specific, where possible) exposure factors are now used.
New 'Easy RSEI' Interface
In addition to the advanced user interface that allows for many different ways of
customizing your results, Version 2.1 also features the Easy RSEI interface, which offers
a quick and easy way for beginning users to get started using the model. In seconds, users
can view rankings and trends for chemicals, industry sectors, states, or EPA regions at
various geographic levels.
Water Pathways Available
For the first time, full risk-related results are available for water pathways (drinking water
and fish ingestion) associated with direct on-site surface water releases and with off-site
releases to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). Previous versions of the model
only included risk-related modeling for the air pathway (fugitive and stack air, including
on-site incineration).
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 2-1
-------
Chapter 2: What Has Changed?
Expanded Air Modeling
Changes have been made to air modeling methodology so that the model more accurately
represents concentrations very close to the facility. In addition, previous versions only
modeled concentrations out to 10 km from the facility; the current version models out 50
km to better reflect the extended plumes associated with very tall stacks.
New Geographic Options
The new version has fully integrated geographic capabilities. It allows you to select and
display facilities geographically. Just by clicking a button, you can display the population
density and specific concentrations from chemical releases to air surrounding a facility for
a specific release. In addition, for any small geographic area, you can display the
population distribution for any population subgroup, and show the population-weighted
air concentrations by subgroup. Overlapping plumes can be counted as well.
Enhanced Query Options
Selections can now be performed based on any variables included in the model. The
query builder is much more powerful and flexible, now allowing for any conceivable
combination of criteria.
Enhanced Results Display Options
Crosstab tables are much more sophisticated in the new version, and include filters, and
the ability to collapse and expand rows and columns, and switch row and column
variables. In addition, because selections and table creation are now separate steps, you
can create tables using variables that were not included in your query, and create many
different tables with different variables based on the same query. The model also
contains many preformatted displays, like a list of the facilities and releases in your
selected query, pre-sorted results tables based on your crosstab tables, graphs, maps, and
reports.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 2-2
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Chapter 2: What Has Changed?
Enhanced Export Options
You can now export tables and lists to many different formats, including Microsoft Excel,
Lotus 1-2-3, and dBase files.
Faster Processing
Selections that used to take close to an hour may now take as little as five minutes,
depending on the size of the resulting set and the speed of the PC.
New Results Categories
You can now examine total pounds, and hazard-weighted and risk-related modeling
scores for children 0-9 years of age, children 10-17 years of age, women 18-44 years of
age, men 18-44 years of age, and adults 65 years and over separately from the general
population.
Tribal Land Identifier
You can now select and examine facilities that are on tribal lands.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 2-3
-------
CHAPTER 3
Quick Start Tutorials
The following three tutorials will give you a quick introduction to how the model works,
and how to quickly find basic information that many users are interested in. These
tutorials are designed to familiarize the new user with the Advanced RSEI interface.
New users can also get quick results for common analyses using Easy RSEI.
Follow the instructions carefully; once you click Run! on any screen, you cannot stop the
model except by pressing ctrl-alt-delete to stop the program through Windows. You will
lose any unsaved information.
Tutorial 1. Evaluating National-Level Risk-Related Impacts
An important use of the RSEI model is to identify areas that have potentially high risk-
related impacts. This exercise will walk you through several different ways of doing this.
First, you will perform a national-level selection for 2000. You will look at the results by
media and state, and examine the data using several different preformatted functions
included in the RSEI model.
Step 1.1 Perform a National-Level Selection
The first step in any analysis
For each exposure pathway from each
chemical release, the model generates an
'Indicator Element.' For instance, a release
of benzene to air via a stack from the 'ABC'
facility in 1999 is an 'Indicator Element.'
using the RSEI model is to
determine the set of elements
you wish to select. This is done
by performing a selection. Open
up the model to display the
Advanced RSEI screen. Click ^^
on the Select button at the top
left of the menu panel. This brings up the Select elements... screen. Here, you can select
elements based on any variables included in the model, including chemical
characteristics, geographic location of the facility, year, and many more. You do this by
creating a set of selection statements. For this exercise, we will create a very simple
selection statement.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 3-1
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Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
Note that if you have done any selections since installing the RSEI model, your last
selection statement will appear on the
Select elements... screen. To remove /
it, simply click on the Clear button.
You will see a line of text on the
screen, 'Choose records where all of
the following apply'. This is a bracket
statement that tells the model what to
do with the information that comes
next. You can change the bracket
statement from 'all' to 'any', 'none', or
'not all' by clicking on the 'all' and ""'
selecting an option from the drop down
menu. But for now let it remain 'all'. Click on the circle to the left of the text, and select
'Add condition'. The condition statement contains the criteria you use to select your
releases.
You will see the following text line:
1. Chemical Flags. Year Chemical Added is equal to
Selection statements tell the model
what releases you wish to select.
Selection statements are comprised of
bracket statements that tell the model
to select records where all, any, none, or
not all of the conditions apply and
condition statements, that specify
exactly what your conditions are.
Choose records where a| of the following apply:
1. Submission.Year is equal to 2000
22 Select elements
Click on the first part of the text
line, and a drop-down menu will
appear. This menu contains all of
the variables contained in the
model that you can use in your
selection statements. They are
grouped according to the type of
variable. Click on the group
' Submission'. To the right you
will see another menu with all of
the variables in this group. Click
on'Year'.
The text line will change to 1.
Submission. Year is equal to .
In the blank at the end of the line,
type in '2000'. This will now select all TRI-reported releases that occurred in 2000.
Click somewhere in the window outside of the box you just typed in, so that the entire
text line is blue (this enters your change). Click on the Submit button at the top of the
^J oj ,,,,x|
Enter Description"
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-2
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
Select elements... screen to submit the selection. The model may take a few minutes to
complete the task.
'" X
If you accidentally submit an incomplete or inaccurate selection statement, you
cannot stop the submission or go back to the statement until the model has
processed your submission completely. Once the model is done, click on the
Select button again to reopen the Select Elements... screen, correct the
selection statement, and resubmit it.
When the model is done with the selection, the Select elements... screen will disappear.
The number of facilities, chemical releases, and elements that are selected in your set will
be displayed in the top right corner of the screen.
Now that you have your selected set of scores, you can analyze them in different ways.
To get a quick summary of the differences in risk-related impacts between states, click on
Thematic Maps at the top of the screen.
The model will display a U.S. map with variations in color representing differing levels
in impacts. Your map may show Alaska and Hawaii; if you want to see only the
continental U.S., click and drag the map to the left until Hawaii and Alaska no longer
show. The legend at the left side of the screen shows what colors on the map correspond
to what values. Make sure that the 'Selected Year' box at the top left shows '2000', and
the 'Theme' box shows 'Score'. If you want to increase the size of the map, draw the
outline of a box around the area you want to enlarge with the cursor while holding down
the right mouse button. To outline the states, click on the ' Show feature outlines' box.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 3-3
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
RSEI Version 2.1
Select
Export
Print
Help
Data
Close
-Ifllx
19,494 facilities selected
£28,889 releases selected
320,261 elements selected
Start Selected Facilities Browser | Summary [Thematic Map si CustomTables
Select Year: [2000
State C County Zoom out | f~ Show feature outlines
Theme: Score
Value: 46,154
Range: 314.3-7,042,509
Mean: 1,094,727
Sum: 55,831,062
StdDev: 1,573,630
No data: | ]
(Value of-99.00 displayed.)
314.3
314.3-11,491
11,491 -49,301
49,301-136,531
136,531 -347,047
347,047-563,816
563.816-677,262
677.262-876,509
876,509-1,589,498
1,589,498-7,042,509
Idle
Memory: 9,344 kh
Thematic Map
Step 1.2. Results by State
To get a more detailed look at 2000
scores, you can break down your
national-level selection by state. Click
on the Custom Tables button at the
end of the second row of menu buttons
at the top of the screen, and the screen
shown at right will appear.
In this screen you can create and
customize crosstab tables, based on any
1l««acMB! selecso
i&o-u. Sramy T*m«l<;Mnp.
tTatte | LoadT«tu«| Rte |
~
Version 2.1
December 2002
3-4
7 988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
combination of variables
you choose. To create a
new crosstab table, click on
the New Table button. The
Select Dimensions screen
will appear. This screen
lists all the variables
included in the RSEI
model. The variables are
listed in the form Data
table.variable name, where
the data table is similar to
the variable group used in
the Select elements...
screen. A complete listing
of all variables is provided
in Chapter 4.
We want to look at state-level results, so select 'Facility.State'. It is often informative to
break down results by media, in order to assess what exposure routes are associated with
the highest risk-related impacts. So select 'Release.Media Text', which will provide the
text description of the medium into which each chemical is released. In the box to the
right of 'Name' at the bottom of the screen, type in a name for this table you are creating,
such as '2000 State by Media'. All of the tables you create in the RSEI model are saved
on your hard drive in the C:\Program FilesVRSEIYUser directory for later use. Hit Run!
and the model will create your crosstab table. It may take a few minutes to generate.
When the model is finished, you will see the new crosstab table, as shown below.
Select Dimensions
L] Facility. Region
D Facility. On Tribal Land
n Facility. Tribal Land Name
D Facility. SIC Code 1
D Facility. SIC Code 2
D Facility. SIC Code 3
D Facility. SIC Code 4
D Facility. SIC Code 5
D Facility. SIC Code 6
D Facility. SIC Code 2 Digit Primary
D Facility. SIC Code 3 Digit Primary
D Facility. SIC Code Same 2 Digit
D Facility. Muliple Primary SIC
iJ
N arne: 1 2000 S tate by M edia|
*=,%:> ' 2£l
[/ Facility. State
LJ Facility.ZIP Code
n Subrnission.Max Onsite
D Submission. Use
D Submission. Year
D Release.Media Code
Ql R e ease. M edia T ext I
D Element. Category Code
D Element. Category Text
I M
Run! Cancel
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-5
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
I sffi RSEI Version 2.1
Select
Start 1
| Export
Print |
Ip,; ,. _ I a I x
Help Data | Close
Selected Facilities Browser Summary
36 by 57
Non-Empty Cells: 1541
Non-Zero Cells: 301
IT
able
Value
Pet
Graph
D
[New Table J
Value
Sorted Table
^^^^^^H
|e| MediaText ^KJH
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3 Direct Water
Idle
401 Und Inj (Clas
402 Und Inj (Clas
520 Land Treatrr
530 Surface Irnpi
540 Other Land [
J
3,376
0.0060
660.3
0.0012
0
0
0
0
Selecte
Load TE
Thematic Maps | CustomTables
itale Filter Options
d IF
AL
581,440
1.033
287,366
0.5107
3,469,893
6.166
0
0
0
0
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
environmental fate and transport, exposure assumptions, and the number of exposed
people.
Note that there are many media that have only zeros for entries. To get rid of all entries
that have no nonzero values, click on the minus sign to the left of the row header 'Media
Text'. This collapses the rows, and the minus sign is replaced with a plus sign. Click on
the plus sign to expand the row again; now, however, the zero-only rows will not be
displayed.
Any time you change the Value selected', you should collapse and expand the
rows and columns to refresh the table. Otherwise, rows or columns that were not
shown originally because all of the values were zero may not show when the
summary is changed, even if in the new summary their values are non-zero.
Select | Export Print | Help j Data Close
Start Selected Facilities Browser Summary
7 by 54
Non-Empty Cells: ;
Non-Zero Cells: 30
| Table | Graph
Value g
1 pet M
Thematic Maps j CustomTables
New Table | Load Table Filter Options |
1 Value
Sorted Table
^^^^^H
iHBmi AK
1 1 Fugitive Air I 3,376
I i 0.0060
I 2 Stack Air
I 3 Direct Water
6POTWTransfE
|7500ffsitelncine
J7540ffsitelncine
i Sum
660.3
0.0012
0
4.030
7.162E-06
0.0015
2.728E-09
0.0587
1.043E-07
4,041
0.0072
JLJJ
Idle
Selected F
^isk-related Results j*j
1 9,494 facilities selected
228,889 releases selected
320,261 elements selected
2000 State by Media
AL
581,440
1.033
287,366
0.5107
3,469,893
6.166
5,046
0.0090
8.793
1.563E-05
0.0513
9.114E-08
4,343,754
7.719
AR
167,961
0.2985
82,625
0.1468
1,168,738
2.077
8,917
0.0158
17.41
3.095E-05
1.734
3.082E-06
1,428,260
2.538
AZ
96,478
0.1714
37,847
0.0673
23,045
0.0410
254,239
0.4518
11.11
1.975E-05
0.2038
3.622E-07
411,620
0.7315
CA
798,665
1.419
345,349
0.6137
112,569
0.2000
5,785,644
10.28
263.0
4.674E-04
18.46
3.281 E-05
7,042,509
12.51
CO
25,021
0.0445
74,359
0.1321
21,959
0.0390
15,188
0.0270
3.915
6.957E-06
0.0058
1.039E-08
136,531
0.2426
CT
17!
0.
24l
0.
0.
3l
0.
3.45E
0.
4.93C
57.
±J
Memory: 9,344 kt
Crosstab Table, Zero-Only Rows Removed
Version 2.1
December 2002
3-7
7 988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
Because the crosstab table displays so much information at one time, sometimes it is
useful to quickly summarize the information in the table. The Sorted Table function
works off the crosstab table's current display and shows each cell in descending order.
Click on the Sorted Table button and the screen shown below will appear.
] SB RSEI Version 2.1
Seled
Export Print Help
2 rl!^| i|
Data I Close
Start Selected Facilities Browser Summary Thematic Maps 1 1 CustomTable
7 by 54
Non-Emp'
Non-Zero
Table
New Table Load Table
Filter Options
Cells: 301 Value Selected (Risk-related Results
Graph j | Sorted Table
Rank State MediaText Value Percent
BCA
2 KY
3 AL
4 IN
5 PA
6 OH
7 PA
8 IL
9 OH
10 PA
11 AR
12 IL
13 TN
14 TX
15 TX
Idle
6 POTW Transfer 5,785,644.268 10.281
-Ifllx
1 9,494 facilities selected
228,889 releases selected
320,261 elements selected
2000 State by Media
d
Cu m u 1 ati ve Val ueCumulativePercent _±j
5,785,644.268
2 Stack Air 4,242,863.602 7.54 10,028,507.87
3 Direct Water 3,469,892.712 6.166 13,498,400.583
3DiredWater 3,261,959.892 5.797 16,760,360.474
3DiredWater 1,897,593.906 3.372 18,657,954.381
IFugitiveAir 1,831,498.724 3.255 20,489,453.105
IFugitiveAir 1,482,945.595 2.635 21,972,398.7
IFugitiveAir 1,477,004.671 2.625 23,449,403.372
2 Stack Air 1,351,102.325 2.401
24,800,505.697
2StackAir 1,194,716.8 2.123 25,995,222.497
3DiredWater 1,168,737.83 2.077 27,163,960.327
2 Stack Air 1,061,553.452 1.88E
28,225,513.779
IFugitiveAir 1,029,836.974 1.83 29,255,350.753
2 Stack Air 974,507.577 1.732 30,229,858.331
IFugitiveAir 918,340.384 1.632 31,148,198.715
10.281 '
17.821
23.988
29.784
33.156
36.411
39.046
41.671
44.072
46.195
48.272
50.159
51.989
53.72
55.352
Memory: 9,344 kh
Sorted Table, State by Media
This table shows each state-medium combination, listed in descending order of risk-
related impact. The sixth column, 'Cumulative Value', shows the total value of the score
for each entry and all of those above it. The 'Cumulative Percent' column functions in a
similar way. You can see that transfers to POTWs (Publicly-Owned Treatment Works)
in CA account for more than ten percent of the total risk-related impact in the country.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-8
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
To do a more direct comparison of states, go back to the custom table by clicking on the
Table button. Collapse the rows by clicking on the minus sign to the left of the 'Media
Text' row header. Then click on the Sorted Table button again. This time, instead of
showing state-media combinations, the table only shows the state rankings. You can see
that California is the state with the highest calculated risk-related impact, accounting for
12.5 percent of the nation's total.
IdBRSEI Version 2.1
Select
13,434 facilities selected
Export I Print Help | Data Close | 228,889 releases selected
320,261 elementsselected
Start Selected Facilities Browser Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
1 by 51
Non-Empty
Non-Zero C
New Table J Load Table Filter Options 2000 State by Media
ells:0 Value Selected [Risk-related Results ^j
Table Graph Sorted Table
[Rank State Value Percent Cumulative Value Cumulative Percent _±
HCA
2 IN
3 PA
4 KY
5 AL
6 OH
7 IL
8TX
9 Wl
10 Ml
11 TN
12 AR.
13 LA
1 A NY
15 VA
Idle
7,012,508.652 12.515 7,012,508.652 12.515
1,861,250.067 8.611 11,906,758.719 21.159
1,783,102.033 8.5 16,689,860.752 29.659 _J
1,661,957.93 8.29 21,351,818.682 37.919
1,313,753.71 7.719 25.698,572.392 15.668
1,099,116.578 7.285 29,798,018.97 52.953
2,621,563.936 1.659 32,119,582.906 57.612
2,199,357.657 3.908 31,618,910.563 61.52
2,115,815.996 3.76 36,731,756.559 65.28
1,781,818.091 3.166 38,516,571.651 68.116
1,589,198.321 2.825 10,106,072.971 71.271
1,128,259.862 2.538 11,531,332.833 73.809
1,167,838.852 2.075 12,702,171.685 75.881
993,988.003 1.766 13,696,159.689 77.651
961,173.138 1.711 11.660,632.827 79.365
Memory; 9,344 kt
Sorted Table, by State Only
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-9
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
You can also look at the results graphically. Click on the Graph button above the table,
and the following screen will appear:
SRSEI Version 2.1
Select
Export
Print
Help
Data
Close
Start
Selected Facilities Browser
Summary Thematic Maps
1 by 54
Non-Ernpty Cells: 0
Non-Zero Cells: 0
Table I Graph
New Table Load Table
Filter
CustomTables
Options
Value Selected
Sorted Table
Risk-related Results
Idle
Edit Title
Ed it Footnote
Set Title/Footnote size 8
7,000,000
6,000,000
| 5,000,000
E 4,000,000
"8
1 3,000,000
E 2,000.000-
1,000,000
JLjJ
..JgJx
1 9,494 facilities selected
228,889 releases selected
320,261 elements selected
2000 State by Media
AK AR AZ CO DC FL GU IA LIN KY MA ME MN MP MT ND NH MM NY OK PA Rl SD TX VA VT Wl WY
State
Source: EPA Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators Model Version 2.1
File Name: 2000 State by Media File Date:
Model Selection:Risk-related Results
4,040.596 AK
4,343,753.71 AL
D 1,428,259.862 AR
0 AS
D 411,620.316 AZ
H] 7,042,508.652 CA
136,530.88 CO
d 574,680.118 CT
1,232.329 DC
71,018.731 DE
n 461,320.344 FL
D 632,327.005 OA
OGU
n 11,491.209 HI
D 876,508.862 IA
49,300.581 ID
2,621,563.936 IL
4,864,250.067 IN
Memory: 9,344 kt
Custom Graph, Total for All Media, by State
Version 2.1
December 2002
3-10
7 988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
This graph is slightly busy, due to the number of
states shown. To limit the number of states,
perhaps to just those in the top five of the sorted
table, go back to the Table screen, by clicking on
the Table button. Click the Filter button at the
top of the screen, and the Set Filter screen will
appear. Click on State, then click on the boxes
next to the top five states: CA, IN, PA, KY and
AL. Click 'Apply Filters' and the table will then
display only those states with checked boxes.
Then click on Graph, and the graph will also
display only the total for all media for those states,
resulting in a more easily intelligible graph.
Uet Filter
Choose variable to filter
Medial ext
Choose values to select
[j MD n
n ME n
DMI n
n MN n
DMO n
i i MP n
n MS n
n MT n
n NC 0
FIND n
ONE n
Lu 1
Current Filters:
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PR
Rl
C[State]='AL' OR [State]='CA' OR [State]='l
[State]='PA')
Apply Filters |
Clear this filter |
^ClearallftersJ
^^Caricel^Jl
±J
M' OR [State]='KY' OR
Version 2.1
December 2002
3-11
7 988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
RSEI Version 2.1
Select
Export
Print
Help
Data
Close
Start Selected Facilities Browser Summary Thematic Maps | CustomTables
NewTable Load Table ||[ EIJ!Jr j| Options
1 by 54
Non-Empty Cells: 0
Non-Zero Cells: 0
-Ifllx
19,191 facilities selected
228,889 releases selected
320,261 elements selected
2000 State by Media
Value Selected |Risk-related Results
Table [Graph Sorted Table
Edit Title | Ed it Footnote | SetTitle/Footnote size [s ^
7,000,000
6,000,000
Stati
Source: EPA Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators Model Version 2.1
File Name: 2000 State by Media File Date:
Model Selection: Risk-related Results
Idle
Memory: 9,344 kt
Custom Graph, Total for 5 States
This tutorial began with a national-level analysis, then narrowed in on the five states with
the highest risk-related results. The next tutorial will narrow the analysis even further,
looking more closely at one state.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-12
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
Select elements...
Tutorial 2. State-Level Analysis
Now you can take a closer look at California, and what comprises its score. We know
from looking at the first sorted table in Tutorial 1 that transfers to POTWs are responsible
for the highest risk-related impacts. But what chemicals are mostly responsible for these
impacts?
Step 2.1. Perform a State-Level Selection for California
First, limit your selected set to
releases from facilities located in
California by performing a new
selection. Click on the Select
button. The screen should
display your last selection,
which was ' Submission. Year is
equal to 2000'. To add another
condition statement, click on the
' 1' to the left of'Submission',
then click'Add Condition'. A
new text line will appear. Click
on 'Chemical Flags.Year
Chemical Added', then click on
'Facility Location', then 'State'.
In the blank at the end of the
line, type in the abbreviation for
California, 'CA'. Remember
that fields for which you must type the selection criteria are case sensitive. Click
somewhere else in the window aside from the box you just typed in, to enter your change
(all of the text in the line will then turn blue). Your selection statement should look like
the one to the right. Click Submit. The model may take a few minutes to complete the
task.
(_) Choose records where ajl of the following apply:
(1) Submission.Year is equal to 2000
(2.) Facililty Location.State is equal to CA
Enter Description
When the model is done with the selection, the Select elements... screen will disappear.
The number of facilities, chemical releases, and elements that are selected in your set will
be displayed in the top right corner of the screen.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-13
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
Step 2.2. Results for California, Chemical by Media
Click on the Custom Tables button at the end of the second row of menu buttons at the
top of the screen. Now we will look at what chemicals are being released by facilities in
California, and the media into which they are released. Click New Table, and select
'Chemical.Chemical', and 'Release.Media Text'. The selections for your previous table
will still be displayed, so make sure to deselect them. Similarly, the name of the previous
table will be displayed in the 'Name' box at the bottom of the screen. Delete that name,
and type in a new name for this table, for instance, 'California 2000 chemical by media.'
Hit Run! and the model will create your new table. The table may take a few minutes to
generate; when it does you will see the following screen:
Select | Export Print | Help | Data
Start Selected Facilities Browser Summary
7by141
Non-Empty Cells: 5
Non-Zero Cells: 42
(Table I Graph
Value m
J Pet
Thematic Maps
New Table | [Load Table | Filter
12
4 Value
Sorted Table
^^^^^^^^^H
SRR^MIl ,1 ,1 -Trichloroetl
1 Fugitive Air 28.12
3.992E-0-1
2 Stack Air
I 3 Direct Water
BPQTWTransfE
750 Offsite Incine
|7540ffsitelncine
I am
3.106
4.837E-Q5
0.0053
7.501 E-08
0
0.0209
2.962E-07
31.55
4.480E-04
Close
CustomTabl
Options
^IflJxJ
1,206 facilities selected
10,572 releases selected
15, 467 elements selected
35
California 2000 chemical by media
Selected [Risk-related Results j*j
1,1-DimethylHy<
5.085
7.220E-05
5.008
7.112E-05
0
10.09
1.433E-04
1,2,4-TrichlorobE
0.0013
1.848E-08
11.10
1.576E-04
11.10
1.577E-04
1,2,4-Trimethylbi
9,112
0.129-1
4,774
0.0678
89.03
0.0013
39.90
5.666E-0-1
0.097-1
1.383E-06
0
14015
0.1990
1,2-Dibromoetha
1.833
2.602E-05
1.833
2.602E-05
1,2-Dichloroben;
0.8591
1.220E-05
3.56-1
5.061 E-05
0.0179
2.538E-07
0.0199
2.828E-07
4.161
6.334E-05
1,2-Dichlori
I
9.49E
6.522
0.
dJJ ±J
Idle
Memory: 8,320 kb
Crosstab Table, Chemical by Media for California, 2000
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-14
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
If you do not see the rows, click on the plus sign to the right of the first chemical. Each
cell of this table shows the risk-related score for each chemical-medium combination in
California.
To get an idea of the relative contribution of each combination, click on Sorted Table.
This table shows the individual and cumulative contribution of each chemical-medium
combination to the total impact in California, in descending order.
Select
Export
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7 by 141
Non-Empty Cells: 512
Non-Zero Cells: 424
New Table i Load Table!
Filter
Options
-lalxl
1,206 facilities selected
10,572 releases selected
15,467 elements selected
California 2000 chemical by media
Value Selected
Risk-related Results
Table
Graph
Sorted Table
Rank Chemical
1 Copper
2 Cyanide compounds
3 Methanol
4 Cadmium compounds
5 Manganese compounds
6 Nickel compounds
7 Copper compounds
8 Chromium
9 Sulfuricacid
10 Ethylene glycol
11 Lead compounds
12 Manganese
13 Chromium compounds
14 Glycol ethers
1 5 Lead
MediaText
6POTW Transfer
GPOTW Transfer
BPOTWTransfer
6 POTW Transfer
1 Fugitive Air
6 POTW Transfer
6 POTW Transfer
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
BPOTWTransfer
6 POTW Transfer
1 Fugitive Air
1 Fugitive Air
BPOTWTransfer
BPOTWTransfer
Value Percent Cumulative Value Cumulative Percent _±J
2,277,891.567
1.717,543.552
628,127.274
439.882.912
251,766.059
152,698.776
149,402.553
142,875.618
111,879.743
97,012.809
92,387.802
91,929.778
79,658.55
79.549.493
72,363.715
32.345
24.388
8.919
6.246
3.575
2.168
2.121
2.029
1.589
1.373
1.312
1.305
1.131
1.13
1.028
2,277,891.567
3,995,435.12
4,623,562.394
5,063,445.306
5,315,211.365
5,467,910.141
5,617,312.694
5,760,188.312
5,872,068.055
5,969,080.363
6,061,468.666
6,153,398.444
6,233,056.994
6,312,606.487
6,384,970.202
32.345 '
56.733
65.652
71.898
75.473
77.642
79.763
81.792
83.38
84.758
86.07
87.375
88.506
89.636
90.663 .
d
Idle
Memory: 8,320 kb
Sorted Table, Chemical by Media for California, 2000
You can see from this table that 32 percent of the calculated score in California for 2000
is due to POTW transfers of Copper and almost 72 percent of the total score results from
the top four chemicals, Copper, Cyanide compounds, Methanol, and Cadmium
compounds. To look at the rankings only by chemical, go back to the Table screen and
collapse the rows by clicking on the minus sign to the left of 'Media Text', and then click
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-15
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
again on the Sorted Table button, as we did in Tutorial 1. The table is shown below.
You can see that, when releases to all media are considered, the same four chemicals
account for 72 percent of the total score in California in 2000.
« RSEI Version 2.1
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1 by 141
Non-Empty Cells: 0
Non-Zero Cells: 0
New Table Load Table
Filter
Options
1,206 facilities selected
10,572 releases selected
15,467 elements selected
California 2000 chemical by media
Value Selected
Risk-related Results
Table | Graph | Sorted Table
Percent CumuIativeValue CumulativePercent
[Rank Chemical Value
BE Copper 2,302,568.502 32.695 2,302,568.502
2 Cyanide compounds 1,717,804.407 24.392 4,020,372.909
3 Methanol 628,281.732 8.921 4,648,654.642
4 Cadmium compounds 440,179.53 6.25 5,088,834.172
5 Manganese compounds 278,429.527 3.954 5,367,263.699
6 Nickel compounds 201,102.472 2.856 5,568,366.171
7 Lead compounds 190,295.059 2.702 5,758,661.23
8 Copper compounds 170,057.554 2.415 5,928,718.783
9 Chromium 162,899.25 2.313 6,091,618.033
10 Sulfuricacid 118,159.019 1.678 6,209,777.051
11 Glycol ethers 104.424.891 1.483 6,314,201.943
12 Chromium compounds 104,386.34 1.482 6,418,588.283
13 Ethylene glycol 97,130.349 1.379 6,515,718.631
14 Manganese 92,792.029 1.318 6,608,510.661
15 Lead 76,465.017 1.086 6,684,975.678
32.695
57.087
66.009
72.259
76.212
79.068
81.77
84.185
86.498
88.176
89.658
91.141
92.52
93.837
94.923
J
Idle
Memory: 8,320 kb
Sorted Table, by Chemical Only for California, 2000
While in the Sorted Table, you can change the selection in the 'Value Selected' drop-
down box, and see the rankings of chemicals by TRI Pounds, Hazard, or other model
results. You will notice that the rankings can change quite dramatically. The change can
be for a number of reasons. One very common reason is illustrated by Lead compounds,
which rank first in TRI Pounds, but seventh in Risk-related Results. A major reason for
this is that approximately 20 million pounds of the lead compounds are transferred to an
off-site recycling facility. The RSEI model does not consider the risk (if any) that may
result from this, so these releases are not reflected in the Risk-related Result rankings.
Similarly, the top chemical in the ranking for Hazard is Asbestos, which is 86th in the
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-16
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
Risk-related Results ranking. This is because most of the releases of Asbestos in
California in 2000 were transfers to landfills, a pathway that is not currently modeled in
RSEI (and most of the transfers were to RCRA landfills, which are assumed to result in
negligible risk anyway).
Another factor to keep in mind is that while RSEI uses the best available data, inevitably
some datasets will contain errors, and some assumptions are made in the absence of
sufficient data. For instance, in this selection, the top four chemical-medium
combinations are all transfers to POTWs. This could simply reflect releases that are
resulting in high risk-related impact. However, the results could also affected by some of
the data used or the assumptions that are made in modeling transfers to POTWs, such as
the treatment techniques used by the POTW, the locations of various points used in the
exposure modeling, such as the POTW effluent pipe, drinking water intakes, or the
number of people exposed through drinking water or fishing. RSEI results are at the
screening level only, and should be followed by further analysis.
Step 2.3. Time Trend Analysis for High-Ranking Chemicals
You might want to see the trend in the releases of California's high-ranking chemicals
over several years, to see if releases and scores are increasing or decreasing. To do this,
begin by modifying the last selection statement to limit the selected set to releases of
these chemicals only. Click on the Select button to return to the Select elements...
screen. The two statements used in the previous selection will still be showing. Click on
the circle to left of the first statement, and then click on 'Add Bracket'. The text line, 'all
of the following apply' will appear. This is a bracket statement telling the model how to
interpret the list of conditions that will follow. We are going to add a list of four
chemicals, and we want releases for any of them to be selected, so click on 'all' and then
click on 'any' in the drop down list. The text line should now say 'any of the following
apply'.
You will now add your list of chemicals. Click on the text, 'Chemical Flags. Year
Chemical Added', and then click on 'Chemical Identifiers', then 'Chemical'. 'Chemical
Identifiers.Chemical' will show in the text line. Click on the blank at the end of the text
line, and a screen will pop up that lists all of the chemicals included in the RSEI model.
Scroll through the list until you come to the first chemical to select, Copper. Click on
that chemical, and it will appear in the text line in your selection statement. Click on the
'3.1' at the beginning of the line, and click 'Add Condition'. Repeat these steps to select
Cyanide compounds, Methanol, and Cadmium compounds.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 3-17
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
In order to look at time trends, you need to make another modification to your selection
statement. In the first condition statement, which says ' Submission.Year is equal to
2000. click on the 'is equal to'. Click on'is between'in the drop down menu. The text
line should now say ' Submission. Year is between 2000 and '. In the first blank,
change 2000 to 1995, and add 2000 in the second blank. The model will now select any
releases of the four chemicals in California in the years 1995 through 2000. Note that the
'is between' operator is inclusive.
Because you are doing a time trend, it is important not to inadvertently introduce other
factors into your analysis. For Reporting Year 1998, TRI added a number of new
industries that had not previously been required to report to TRI. If these facilities are
not accounted for in the time trend analysis, the results for 1998 and after will look much
higher than those for previous years, simply because more facilities are included. If you
exclude the new reporters, you will be working with the same set of facilities for all
years, and so will get a more accurate sense of the trend over time.
To exclude these facilities, create a new bracket statement by clicking on the first empty
circle, and clicking on 'Add Bracket'. In the new line that appears, change the 'all' to
'none'. Click on the first part of the new condition statement, and select 'Facility
Industry,' then 'SIC Code 1'. Click on the blank space at the end of the line, and in the
window that appears, select the first code, 1021 [Copper Ores]. Then add a new
condition by clicking on the '4.1' at the beginning of the line, and click on 'Add
Condition'. Then repeat the same steps, but instead of selecting 1031 in the SIC code
window. Do this for each of the following SIC codes: 1041, 1044, 1061, 1099, 1221,
1222, 1231, 4911, 4931, 4939, 4953, 5169, 5171, and 7389. Your selection statement
should look like the one below.
O Choose records where all of the following apply
1. Submission. Year is between 1995 and 2000
2. Facility Location. State is equal to CA
3. any of the following apply
3.1. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Copper
3.2. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Cyanide compounds
3.3. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Methanol
3.4. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Cadmium compounds
4. none of the following apply
4.1. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1021
4.2. Facility Industrv.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1031
4.3. Facility Industrv.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1041
4.4. Facility Industrv.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1044
4.5. Facility Industrv.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1061
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 3-18
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
4.6. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1099
4.7. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1221
4.8. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1222
4.9. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1231
4.10. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4911
4.11. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4931
4.12. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4939
4.13. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4953
4.14. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 5169
4.15. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 5171
4.16. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 7389
Because this is an intricate and useful query, it is a good idea to save it for later use.
Type in a description, such as 'California, 1995-2000 top 4 chemicals excluding new
reporters', in the white box at the bottom of the window. This is a text description that
will be saved with your query. Click on ' Save' at the top of the window, and enter a
shorter name for your query, such as 'California top 4 95-2000 exc new.' The model will
automatically add a '.qry' extension to your selection name. In the future you can load
this query and either resubmit it, or use it as the basis for building new selection
statements.
Click Submit, and the model will perform the selection. The model may take a few
minutes to complete the task. When the model is done with the selection, the Select
elements... screen will disappear. The number of facilities, chemical releases, and
elements that are selected in your set will be displayed in the top right corner of the
screen.
One of the quickest ways to look at a trend over time is to use the preformatted graphs
provided. Click on the Summary button in the second row of menu buttons, then Total
by Year. This graph adds together all of the pounds and the scores of all of the chemical
releases in the selected set and presents them separately for each year in the set. In this
case, it would be all of the chemical releases of Copper, Cyanide compounds, Methanol,
and Cadmium compounds in California, excluding the new reporters. The graph is
shown below. Pounds (as reported in TRI) are shown in green, and correspond to the
axis on the right side of the graph; the total score is shown in red and corresponds to the
axis on the left side of the graph. You can see that pounds have stayed more constant
than the score over time. The score increased substantially in 1997 and has decreased
slightly since then.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 3-19
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
RSEI Version 2.1
"Siejeci ]| Export
Print
Help
Data
Close
365 facilities selected
4,363 releases selected
7,442 elements selected
Start
Selected Facilities Browser
I Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
| Total by Year Year by Media Chemical Rank ' Facility Rank County Rank
Idle
Total Score and Pounds by Year
7.00E+U6
6.50E+06
6.00E+06
S.50E+06
S.OOE+06
4.50E+06
)
j 4.00E+06
i 3.5CE+06
; 3.00E+Q6
2.50E+06
2.00E+Q6
1 .SOE+06
1 .OOE+06
S.OOE+OS
O.OOE+00
| 28,717,174 ^.53E+06 ]
I Score
I Pounds
32,000,000
30,000,000
28,000,000
26,000,000
24,000,000
22,000,000
20,000,000
18,000,000 .
16,000,000 !
14,000,000 '
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2'000'00tDouble click to toggle labels
0
Memory: 10,368 kt
Total by Year Graph for Selected Chemicals in California, 1995-2000
To try to identify the reason for the increased score in 1997, you can create a new custom
table by chemical by media by year. Click on the Custom Tables button, and then New
Table. In the list of dimensions, select 'Chemical.Chemical', 'Submission.Year', and
'Release.Media Text'. Make sure to deselect any selections from previous runs. In the
'Name' box, type 'California 1995-2000 chemical by media by year'. Click Run! and
your table will generate (this may take a few minutes). Once the query is finished, click
on Table. The table should look like the one shown below. If you do not see media
listed, click on the plus sign to the right of 'Year', and the rows showing media will be
expanded.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
3-20
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
For now, collapse the rows showing media again. Now you can look just at the scores for
chemicals by year. Looking at the totals, it is clear that the jump in score from 1996 to
1997 is due to an increase in scores for both copper and methanol. If you now expand the
rows showing media, you can further identify the reason for the increase. To make it
easier, you can use the filter to show only releases for 1996 and 1997. Click on Filter,
then click on 'Year', then select 1996 and 1997. You can also click on 'Chemical' and
select just Copper and Methanol. Click on Apply Filters, and this will limit the number
of rows showing in the table. Looking at just the media to which copper and methanol
were released in 1996 and 1997, you can see that the jump in score in both cases is due to
increases in the score for transfers to POTWs, which increased from 1,443,762 in 1996 to
3,098,129 in 1997 for Copper, and from 16,756 in 1996 to 1,265,856 in 1997 for
Methanol.
31; RSEI Version 2.1
Select Export
Start Selected Facilities
177 by 5
Non-Empty Cells: 338
Non-Zero Cells: 91
j'rataTe" r~Graph p^,^
Value
Pet
^1
Print
Browser
1
.-i t.t _|S|x|
Help | Data Close j
365 facilities selected
4363 releases selected
7,442 elements selected
Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
i New Table |
Value Selecte
Table^]
Load Table Filter
Options
California 1 995-2000 chemical by media by year
d (Risk-related Results J
^^Hel Chernical ^^^H
H^^S^^^^^WHBffiH^^H Cd.drniurn corn pi
1995
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3 Direct Water
400 Und Inj (Unk
51 0 Onsite Land)
520 Land Treatrr
530 Surface Impi
540 Other Land [
289.9
9.39QE-04
Copper
23,273
0.0754
886.1
0.0029
1,820
0.0059
0
0
0
Cyanide compoi
35.79
1.159E-04
9.251
2.997E-05
0
0
Methanol
65.86
2.133E-04
58.48
1.894E-04
0.0961
3.114E-07
0
0
0
Sum
23,665
0.0767
953.8
0.0031
1,820
0.0059
r. ~~-n ' -- ' * --.-l^ < ""- --."^ H -1H -1 I- Ar. r.* -1 o ^o^ ^r.*>
Idle
d
d
Memory: 9,344 tt>
Crosstab Table, Chemical by Year by Media for
Top 4 Chemicals In California, 1995-2000
Version 2.1
December 2002
3-21
7 988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
You can also export this table, in order to do calculations in a spreadsheet, for example.
While viewing your table, simply click on Export in the top row of menu buttons, and
select the type of file you would like your table to be exported to. Click on the folder
icon to the right of the'Export to File' box at the bottom of the window, and select the
directory in which you would like to store your exported file. The directory C:\Program
FilesVRSEIYWork is a convenient place to store files, but you can export the file
anywhere. Enter a name at the bottom of the screen and click Save. In the Setup of the
data export screen, click OK, and the model will export your table. You can then open
up the file in whatever program you selected. Your exported table will contain all of the
results fields (TRI Pounds, Hazard, Risk-related Results, etc.) in one table.
s s.
The Table, Graph and Sorted Table functions will always display results based
on the last crosstab table that was generated. Even if you perform a new
selection using the Select button, these functions will not change until you create
a new table based on your new selection.
Ss. /
Step 2.4. Further Analyses
If you wish to determine what facilities released copper or methanol as POTW releases in
1996 and 1997, you could go back to the Select elements... screen and add a condition
statement by clicking on the first empty circle. Modify the condition to read,
'Release.Media Code is equal to 6'. This will change your selection to only transfers to
POTWs. You could also modify the first statement to be 'Submission.Year is between
1996 and 1997'. Then you could create a new Custom Table showing Facility Name by
Year. This would show you which facilities released copper or methanol as POTW
transfers from 1996 to 1997.
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Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
Tutorial 3. Finding Facility-Level Information
This tutorial will explain some of the facility-specific features in the RSEI model,
including GIS capabilities.
Step 3.1. Select a Group of Facilities
In this step, you will make a selection based on the county where the releasing facilities
are located.
Click on the Select button at the top left of the menu panel. This brings up the Select
elements... screen, where you can specify what TRI releases you want to select. Note
that if you have performed any selections since installing the RSEI model, your last
selection statement will appear on the Select elements... screen. To remove it, simply
click on the Clear button. You will see a line of text on the screen, 'Choose records
where all of the following apply'. This is a bracket statement that tells the model what to
do with the information that comes next. You can change the bracket statement from
'all' to 'any', 'none', or 'not all'. But for now let it remain 'all'. Click on the circle to
the left of the text, and select 'Add condition'. The condition statement contains the
criteria you use to select your releases.
You will see the following text line:
1. Chemical Flags. Year Chemical Added is equal to
Click on the first part of the text line, and a drop-down menu will appear. This menu
contains all of the variables contained in the model that you can use in your selections.
They are grouped according to the type of variable. Because we are selecting releases for
facilities in a certain place, click on the variable group 'Facility Location'. To the right
you will see another menu with all of the variables in this group. Click on 'County'.
The text line will change to ' 1. Facility Location.County is equal to '. Click on the
blank at the end of the statement. In the window that appears, select the county (they are
grouped alphabetically by state abbreviation). For this exercise, click on the first county,
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Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
: Select elements...
C ) Choose records where ajl of the following apply:
CD Fading Location.Counts is equal to AKANCHORAGE
Enter Description ~
AK,ANCHORAGE. This is
your completed selection
statement, as shown at right.
Click Submit at the top of the
Select elements... screen, and
the model will perform the
selection. This may take a few
minutes to finish.
When the model is done with
the selection, the Select
elements... screen will
disappear. The number of
facilities, chemical releases,
and elements that are selected
in your set will be displayed in
the top right corner of the
screen. These numbers will remain displayed until you select a new set of scores. If you
forget what your selection statement was, click on these numbers, and a window will
appear with your original statement.
Now we can look at all of the facilities whose scores you have just selected. Click on the
Selected Facilities Browser button in the second line of the menu panel. You will see a
screen with three parts. The parts work together to provide detailed information on the
facilities you have selected. The top part of the screen lists all the facilities whose scores
have been selected. The bottom left is a U.S. map you can use to display your selected
facilities and other options. The bottom right of the screen displays information about
the current map display and provides the buttons used to navigate the map and control its
functions.
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Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
. RSEI Version 2.1
Select
Export
Print
Help
Data
Close
8 facilities selected
246 releases selected
271 elements selected
Start | Selected Facilities Browser | Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
,±] 99501QLNNC... EQUILON ANCHORAGE TER... ANCHORAGE
] 99501LLNSC6...
] 99501TSRLS...
±J 99506SDDSF...
ILLINOIS CREEK MINE
ANCHORAGE
TESORO ALASKA CO. ANCH...
U.S. AIR FORCE ELMENDOR...
AK
AK
ANCHORAGE
ANCHORAGE
1 99501SDFNS... U.S. DEFENSE LOGISTICS A... ANCHORAGE
'X:T'X' i
AK
AK
99501
99501
99501
99506...
99501
61.2306
61.2189
61.2333
61.2483
61.2339
-149.8750
-149.8925
-149.8333
-149.5744
-149.8875
O.OOE+00
3.23E+03
3.89E+01
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
Cells
Latitude: 41 .03.04.05N
Longitude: 66.1 8.56.05W
North-South: 2895.60 km
East-West: 51 47.01 km
Area: 1 4,903,707 sq km
Altitude: 572,354.0 (internal units)
Information
You clicked on:
Latitude: 38.19.49.02N
Longitude: 69.36.00.00W
Zl
Idle
Memory: 23,680 kl
The Selected Facilities Browser
Step 3.2. Getting Information About a Facility
Facility Information, Submissions, Releases and Scores
Double-click on the first facility name in the selected facilities list. You will see two
options, 'Submissions' and 'Full Facility Record'. The latter option provides all of the
information included in the model about this facility- its address, stack parameters,
public contacts, etc. Double-click on 'Full Facility Record' or click on the plus sign to
the left of the text to see all of the information. Then click on the minus sign at the far
left to collapse it again. Expanding the 'Submission' option shows each chemical release
that this facility has submitted to TRI. Double-click on a chemical name, then expand
the'Releases' option, and the model will show you the releases of that chemical- that is,
the media that the chemical is being released to, as well as the total pounds released, and
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Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
the total score. Double-click on the name of the media, and then on 'Scores' and the
model will show you the score (the Risk-related Results of the model) for that chemical
release to that media. To hide any of these records, simply click on the small minus sign
at the beginning of the row. The list works like a directory tree that you can expand and
collapse to see different levels.
Facility Location
You can also see where on the map your facility is located. With the facility name, or
any part of the facility's submission record highlighted, click on the facility location icon
in the lower right portion of your screen. The map will zoom into the state where your
facility is located, and show you its exact location with concentric circles. If you click on
the arrow to the right of the facility location icon, then 'Stream path', the map will also
display the nearest stream reach to that facility, and its path out to a larger receiving
waterbody (such as a river, lake or ocean). If the facility ships waste to a landfill, POTW
(Publicly-Owned Treatment Works), or other off-site facility, you can click on the
'Receiving Facility' option in the same menu to have the map zoom in on that facility.
Similarly, you can map its stream path. If there is no associated receiving facility, the
model will do nothing. TRI reporting facilities are shown as circles, and off-site
(receiving) facilities are shown as squares. If you are not zoomed in close enough for the
model to graph the stream path, when you click on that function, the model will just show
you the concentric circles identifying where your facility is located. Zoom in on the area
to see the stream path by clicking on the zoom-in icon.
Population Around the Facility
By using the grid icon in the
bottom right portion of your screen, you
can map the population distribution
around your facility. Click on the down
arrow to the right of the icon, then select
'Population.' The map will show the
population density in shades of green to
blue, where blue is the most densely
populated. The bottom right portion of
the screen shows the legend, the name of
the facility around which the population is
being mapped, and the range, mean, sum, and standard deviation of the distribution.
These statistics relate to the 1 km by 1 km grid cells which form the geographic basis of
the model. For instance, if the legend displays 1.000-6.000 for a certain shade of blue,
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Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
that means that all of the grid cells colored that shade have between 1 and 6 people in
them.
Air Concentrations Around the Facility
You can also use the grid icon to model air concentrations. Go to the list of selected
facilities at the top, and click on a entry in the 'Releases' level (click on 'Submissions',
then click on a chemical, then select a release). It must be either a stack or fugitive air
release to be mapped. Once you have
selected one, then click on the
'Concentration' option in the same drop-
down menu to the right of the grid icon.
The model will display the distribution of
air concentrations (in |ig/m3) of that
release around the facility. Areas of
higher concentration are shown in blue.
The bottom right hand portion of the
screen shows the map's legend, and
describes the facility and release in blue,
and then shows in black the range, mean,
sum and standard deviation of the
distribution.
To remove any graphing from your map, click on the Cells button, then Change Theme.
In the dialog box under value, select 'None', then click OK. Any graphing on your map
will be cleared. For more detail on map functions, please see Chapter 6.
Step 3.3. Further Analyses
The steps outlined above should give you a good idea about one particular facility.
However, the model contains much more information that can show you how that facility
has been performing over time, or how it ranks in comparison to all facilities in the
country, or facilities in similar geographic areas, or in similar industries.
To do a time trend analysis to see if a facility's risk-related score is getting better or
worse over time, first do a selection based just on that facility. The easiest way is to
simply use the Facility ID, the first column in the Selected Facilities Browser, then go
back to the Select elements... screen, and create a new selection statement with a
condition that says 'Facility Identifier.Facility ID is equal to X', where X is the Facility
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Chapter 3: Quick Start Tutorials
ID from the Selected Facilities Browser (you can copy the Facility ID from the Selected
Facilities Browser by right-clicking on the ID, then typing Control-C to copy the ID to
the Windows clipboard. You can then paste the ID in the selection statement, or in any
other Windows program by typing Control-V). When the model is done with the
selection, you can click on the Summary button in the second line of the menu panel,
and see preformatted graphs that show total score and pounds by year, and total pounds
and total score by media by year.
To see how your facility ranks in relation to other facilities, first select a set that includes
your facility and all of the facilities to which you want to compare it, for instance, all
facilities nationwide in 2000. Your selection statement in the Select elements... screen
would say 'Submission.Year is equal to 2000.' This selects all releases from all facilities
in 2000. When the model is done with your selection, click on the Custom Tables
button. Follow the directions under that heading in Chapter 8 to make a crosstab table of
your results. If you make a table using Facility Name and SIC code as row and column
variables, then you can click on the Sorted Table button to see a ranking of all the
facilities in order of highest score (or pounds, depending on what 'Summary' you have
selected) to lowest score. If you want to look at the facilities that are in the same industry
as yours, then apply the filter to 'SIC Code 1', and select just your facility's SIC Code.
Then click back to the Sorted Table, to see a ranking of all the facilities just in that SIC
code.
These tutorials have provided a brief introduction to the advanced functions of the RSEI
model. All of the functions mentioned here are explained in greater detail in the
following chapters of this manual. Also included are reference tables listing all of the
selection criteria used in the model, the data available for viewing, and various codes
used in the model. All of this information relates to the Advanced RSEI interface. If you
ever want to go back to Easy RSEI for commonly-used tables or the on-line tutorials,
simply click on the Switch to Welcome Screen button at the bottom left of the Welcome
to Advanced RSEI screen
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CHAPTER 4
Viewing Data
Most of the data used by the RSEI model can be viewed by clicking on the Data button at
the top of the screen.16 This opens up the Data browser screen.
This screen groups the data by dataset. Each dataset is a Paradox table in the 'Database'
directory on your hard drive. The dataset name is displayed at the top left of the screen;
click on the arrow and scroll through the list to change datasets. In the boxes to the right,
you can search fields for specific values. Simply select the desired field in the 'Search'
box, and then enter the value in the 'Search for' box, and click 'Go.' Each dataset is
Export
Close
Dataset
Sort I ~~^
Search [Category
Search for I
ScoreCategory|Catggoiy
Model
0 Unknown Error
1 Direct Fugitive Air - Rural
2 Direct Fugitive Air - Urban
3 Direct Point Air-Rural
4 Direct Point Air - Urban
5 Direct Water
6 Onsite Landfill
7 POTW Effluent
8 POTW Volatilization-Rural
9 POTW Volatilization - Urban
10 POTW Sludge Landfill
11 POTW Sludge Volat- Rural
12 POTW Sludge Volat - Urban
13 Offsite Incineration - Rural
14 Offsite Incineration - Urban
15 Offsite Landfill
The Data Browser Screen
16 A small portion of the data used by the model is formatted in such a way that it cannot be viewed by
users.
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
ordered by its own unique internal ID number. Some tables can be sorted by more than
one field. Other sorting possibilities will be displayed in the 'Sort' box. Click on any
options in the box to change how the table is sorted in the display.
You can move through the records in each dataset using the arrows at the top of the
screen, or by using your keyboard arrow keys. To export a table, click on the Export
button at the top left. Datasets can be exported to a variety of text, database, and
spreadsheet files. However, some of the datasets are very large, and may exceed the
record limit of some formats, as well as take a substantial amount of time to export. Note
that if exporting to Excel, the 'Excel spreadsheet' option is much faster than exporting to
'Excel file.'
The following sections describe each dataset, its variables, how it is used in the model,
and its sources.
Category Data
This dataset is a lookup table that lists the codes used to categorize how releases are
modeled. The score category codes resemble the media codes that are reported by TRI
facilities, but also include information on how the model is able to deal with specific
kinds of releases.
Table 4-1. Category Data
Variable Description
ScoreCategory Codes corresponding to the medium into which
the chemical is released. Examples of the
information include: direct air releases from the
stack using a "rural" air dispersion model, fugitive
air releases, releases to an on-site landfill. [See
Table 9-3 in Chapter 9 for descriptions]
Category Descriptions of release media and other
descriptors corresponding with the score category
codes. [See Table 9-3 in Chapter 9 for
descriptions]
Model A dummy variable that is ' 1' when that category
can be modeled and '0' when it cannot.
InhaleTox A dummy variable that is ' 1' when the model
requires a inhalation toxicity score to model this
kind of release and '0' when it does not.
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Census Data
RSEI Census data is contained in two tables, Census 00 (data from the 2000 Census) and
Census 90 (data from the 1990 Census). These two tables contain the Census data that
has been transposed onto the RSEI model grid. See Chapter 1 for a description of how
Census data is used in the model. Each Census table is over 600 Mbytes in size. They
cannot be exported. Census data has been provided by Geolytics, Inc., and was last
updated in the fall of 2001.
Table 4-2. Census 90 Data
Variable Description
X Assigned grid cell value based on latitude
Y Assigned grid cell value based on longitude
MaleOto9 through The number of people in the grid cell in each
Female65andUp Census subpopulation group in the year 1990.
Table 4-3. Census 00 Data
Variable Description
X Assigned gridcell value based on latitude
Y Assigned grid cell value based on longitude
MaleOto9 through The number of people in the grid cell in each
Female65andUp Census subpopulation group in the year 2000.
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Chemical Data
This dataset lists all of the chemical-specific information used by the model. The data
can be grouped into four categories:
Chemical identifiers include CAS numbers and chemical names.
Chemical toxicity information includes all of the information used to construct
toxicity weights for each chemical. Of the 612 chemicals on the 2000 TRI
Reporting list, 426 chemicals have toxicity information included in the model.
The sources of these values, in the order of most to least preferred, are EPA's
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); EPA Office of Pesticide Programs'
Toxicity Tracking Reports (OPP); Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry final, published chronic MRLs (ATSDR); California Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment final,
published toxicity values (Cal/EPA); EPA's Health Effects Assessment Summary
Tables (HEAST); and Final Derived/Interim Derived Toxicity Weights (Derived)
estimated by EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. In cases where
none of the above sources had sufficient data, other secondary sources were
consulted and reviewed by EPA experts (DERIVED). Chemical toxicity data is
reviewed and updated on a continuing basis. See Technical Appendix A for
toxicity values.
Chemical Properties information includes all of the physicochemical properties
used to model the fate and transport of the chemicals in the environment.
Experimental and estimated data is used, most of it obtained from sources
published by Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC). This data is also reviewed
and updated continuously. See Technical Appendix B for details on each
parameter.
Chemical Flags are markers that can be used to select chemicals that are
designated in specific ways, usually by EPA. Examples include Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPs), or chemicals regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SOWA). The chemical flags were last comprehensively checked against each
relevant list in the summer of 2002.
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Table 4-4. Chemical Data
Variable
Description
CASNumber
CASStandard
ChemicalNumber
Category
SortCAS
SortName
FullChemicalName
Chemical
Added
Toxicity Source
RfCInhale
RfCUF
RfCMF
RfCConf
RfCSource
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, which identifies a
unique chemical. For chemical categories, CAS Numbers begin with
"N", followed by three digits.
The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number identifies a unique
chemical. The standard format contains three sets of numbers
divided by hyphens (00-00-0).
Unique internal identifier.
This identifier is not yet active.
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, which identifies a
unique chemical, formatted for sorting (no hyphens). For chemical
categories, CAS Numbers begin with "N', followed by three digits.
Common name of chemical, with initial modifiers moved to end of
name. Used for internal sorting purposes.
Full scientific name(s) of the chemical.
Common name(s) of the chemical.
The year the chemical was added to the Toxics Release Inventory
All sources used for toxicity data, and date of addition to database.
The inhalation reference concentration (RfC) is defined as "an
estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude)
of a continuous inhalation exposure to the human population
(including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer health effects during a
lifetime" (U.S. EPA, 1994). Units are mg/m3.
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to the no-observed-adverse-
effect level (NOAEL) upon which the RfC is based, thereby reducing
the dose. The UF accounts for uncertainties in extrapolation from
experimental data to an estimate appropriate to humans.
The modifying factor (MF) is a value applied to the NOAEL when
scientific uncertainties in the study chosen for estimating the RfC are
not explicitly addressed by the standard UFs.
Confidence levels are assigned to the study used to derive the RfC,
the overall database, and to the RfC itself.
Source used for the RfC value.
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Table 4-4. Chemical Data
Variable
Description
RfCListingDate
RfDOral
RfDUF
RfDMF
RfDConf
RfDListingDate
RfD Source
UnitRisklnhale
QSTAROral
WOE
Date that RfC was listed, if available.
The oral reference dose (RfD) is "an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure [by
ingestion] to the human population (including sensitive subgroups)
that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects
during a lifetime" (Barnes, 1988). (mg/kg-day)
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to the no-observed-adverse-
effect level (NOAEL) upon which the RfD is based, thereby reducing
the dose. The UF accounts for uncertainties in extrapolation from
experimental data to an estimate appropriate to humans.
The modifying factor (MF) is a value applied to the NOAEL when
scientific uncertainties in the study chosen for estimating the RfD are
not explicitly addressed by the standard UFs.
Confidence levels are assigned to the study used to derive the RfD,
the overall database, and to the RfD itself.
Date that RfD was listed, if available.
Source used for the RfD value.
The unit inhalation risk is the excess lifetime risk due to a
"continuous constant lifetime exposure of one unit of carcinogen
concentration"^ 1 FR 33998). (1/mg/m3)
The oral cancer slope factor (q/): a measure of the incremental
lifetime risk of cancer by oral intake of a chemical, expressed as risk
per mg/kg-day. (1/mg/kg-day)
Weight of evidence (WOE) categories indicate how likely a chemical
is to be a human carcinogen, based on considerations of the quality
and adequacy of data and the type of responses induced by the
suspected carcinogen. EPA WOE classifications include the
following categories and associated definitions (51 FR 33996):
A Carcinogenic to humans
B Probable carcinogen based on:
B1 Limited human evidence
B2 Sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no
evidence in humans
C Possible carcinogen
D Not classifiable
E Evidence of non-carcinogenicity
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Table 4-4. Chemical Data
Variable
Description
UnitRiskListingDate
UnitRiskSource
QstarListingDate
QStarSource
WOEListingDate
WOESource
ITW
OTW
AirDecay
Koc
H2ODecay
LOGKOW
Kd
WaterSolubility
POTWPartitionRemoval
POTW PartitionSludge
POTW PartitionVolat
Date that Unit Risk was listed, if available.
Source used for the Unit Risk value.
Date that QStar was listed, if available.
Source used for the QStar value.
Date that WOE was listed, if available.
Source used for the WOE value.
Inhalation Toxicity Weight: the RSEI toxicity weight for a chemical
for the inhalation pathway.
Oral Toxicity Weight: the RSEI toxicity weight for a chemical for the
oral pathway.
The rate at which a chemical degrades in air, due primarily to
photooxidation by radicals (hr1).
The organic carbon-water partition coefficient, used in estimates of
chemical sorptionto soil (mL/g).
The rate at which a chemical degrades in water, due to abiotic
hydrolysis, biodegradation, or photolysis (hr"1).
The logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient. Kow is the
ratio of a chemical's concentration in the octanol phase to its
concentration in the aqueous phase at equilibrium in a two-phase
octanol/water system.
The soil-water partition, or distribution, coefficient. For organics,
the value is often estimated as the product of Koc and foc (the fraction
of organic carbon in the soil) (L/kg).
The amount of chemical that dissolves in water at a particular
temperature (mg/L).
Percent of chemical removed from the wastewater by the POTW
(Publicly Owned Treatment Works).
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency attributable to sorption of
the chemical to sewage sludge.
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency attributable to
volatilization of the chemical.
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Table 4-4. Chemical Data
Variable
Description
POTW PartitionBiod
IncineratorDRE
BCF
Henrys
MCL
Molecular Weight
T33/50Flag
HAPFlag
CAAFlag
PriorityPollutantFlag
SDWAFlag
CERCLAFlag
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency attributable to
biodegradation of the chemical.
Destruction/removal efficiencies, expressed as the percent of
chemical fed to the incinerator that is not released to the air.
Bioconcentration factor: the ratio of a chemical's concentration in
fish to its concentration in water at equilibrium (L/kg).
Henry's law constant: the ratio of a chemical's concentration in the
air to its concentration in the water at equilibrium (atmmVmol).
Maximum Contaminant Level, which is EPA's national primary
drinking water standard for the chemical. This is the current value;
historical data is contained in the table, 'MCL.'
The mass in grams of one mole of molecules of a chemical
compound.
This flag is a marker which indicates that the chemical is included in
EPA's 33/50 program, a program in which facilities voluntarily
reduce their chemical releases by 33 percent and 50 percent by
certain dates.
This flag marks the chemicals that are hazardous air pollutants, as
defined by the Clean Air Act.
This flag marks the chemicals that are Clean Air Act pollutants.
This flag marks the chemicals that are priority pollutants, as defined
by the Clean Water Act.
This flag marks the chemicals that have national primary or
secondary drinking water standards under the Safe Drinking Water
Act.
This flag marks the chemicals that are regulated under Superfund
(CERCLAthe Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act).
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Table 4-4. Chemical Data
Variable
Description
OSHACarcinogens
ExpansionFlag
Toxicity Category
User Tags 1 through 5
ToxicityClassOral
ToxicityClassInhale
Toxicity Source
CoreChemicalFlag
This flag indicates whether the chemical is a known or suspect human
carcinogen based on OSHA criteria (U.S. EPA, 1998). Known
human carcinogens are defined as those that have been shown to
cause cancer in humans. Suspect human carcinogens have been
shown to cause cancer in animals. The list of chemicals flagged as
OSHA carcinogens is based on the list of carcinogens provided in the
1997 TRI Public Data Release, which was compiled from the
following sources: the National Toxicology Program's Annual
Report on Carcinogens, the International Agency for Research on
Cancer Monographs, and 29 CFR 191017.
This flag marks the chemicals that were added to the Section 313
toxic chemical list for reporting in 1995 and later years.
This indicates whether the oral and inhalation toxicity weights are
based on cancer health effects, non-cancer health effects, or both.
Using these tags, you can select a set of chemicals based on your own
selection criteria.
This indicates whether the toxicity weight for the oral pathway is
based on cancer or noncancer health effects.
This indicates whether the toxicity weight for the inhalation pathway
is based on cancer or noncancer health effects.
Source of toxicity information
This flag marks the chemicals that are common to all reporting years
of TRI and that have had no modifications of reporting requirements.
MiniCoreChemicalFlag
This flag marks the chemicals that are common to TRI reporting
years 1995 through 2000 and that have had no modifications of
reporting requirements in that time period.
17 Even if a chemical is flagged as an OSHA carcinogen, its toxicity weight for a given exposure pathway
may not be based on its carcinogenic effects. For example, a chemical that causes both carcinogenic and
noncarcinogenic effects when inhaled may have a higher inhalation toxicity weight associated with noncarcinogenic
effects than with its carcinogenic effects. If you wish to view all chemicals that have inhalation toxicity weights
based on cancer health effects, see the Toxicity Class - Inhale field. To obtain a list of chemicals that have toxicity
weights based only on cancer health effects, see the Toxicity Category field.
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Chapter 4: Viewing Data
Table 4-4. Chemical Data
Variable
Description
Metal
HPVFlag
HPVChallengeValue
PBTFlag
HasTox
MaxTW
This flag indicates whether the chemicals are metals and also whether
they are core chemicals. (Core chemicals are those that are common
to all reporting years of TRI and which have had no modifications of
reporting requirements.)
Indicates whether the chemical is designated as a High Production
Chemical.
Describes the value or combination of values assigned to the
chemical by EPA's HPV Challenge program to describe the
chemical's status under the program.
Indicates whether EPA has designated this chemical as a priority
chemical under the Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT)
Chemical Program.
Indicates that the chemical has a toxicity weight (either oral or
inhalation) in the dataset.
Shows the greater of the two possible toxicity weights (oral or
inhalation).
County Data
This dataset is based on U.S. Census data, and was last updated in August, 2000. Total
county population is taken from directly from U.S. Census bureau estimates (this data is
not directly used in the model). Total fishing population is obtained from state counts of
county-specific records on hunting and fishing licenses, where available. The fishing
population is used to model the ingestion of contaminated fish in one of the two surface
water pathways. In the model, the total fishing population is adjusted for family size (to
take into account the family of the licensed fisher who also eat the caught fish), and 95
percent of the total is considered to be recreational fishers, and 5 percent are considered
to be subsistence fishers; the variable in this dataset is the unadjusted number of licensed
fishers only. The fishing population data was collected and added to the model for the
first time in August, 2000. See Chapter V of the Methodology document for details.
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Table 4-5. County Data
Variable
Description
FIPS
Name
Latitude
Longitude
AreaSqKm
WaterAreaSqKm
Populationl998 through
Populationl970
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) code which
identifies the county associated with the facility
State, County
Latitude in decimal degrees of the county centroid.
Longitude in decimal degrees of the county centroid.
County area in square kilometers.
Area of the county that is covered with water in square kilometers.
Total midyear population of each county for year indicated.
TotalFishingPopulation Number of people in each county with fishing licenses.
CountyExp Data
This dataset is used in conjunction with the total population data in the 'County' dataset
to construct detailed yearly population estimates. This data was last updated in August
2000. All of the data is from the U.S. Census Bureau. This data is not used directly by
the RSEI model.
Table 4-6. CountyExp Data
Variable
Description
FIPS
Year
MaleOto9 through
Female65Up
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) code which
identifies the county.
Year (1988 through 1998) of the record's data.
Fields showing number of people in each indicated demographic
group for the indicated year for the indicated county. These fields
are mutually exclusive (they sum to the total number of people in the
county).
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Elements Data
This table lists unique Indicator Elements and their attributes. All of this data is internal
to the RSEI model, and is used solely for modeling purposes. It is shown for
comprehensiveness only, and is unlikely to be useful to users. This table is over 200
Mbytes in size. It cannot be exported.
Table 4-7. Elements Data
Variable
Description
ElementNumber
ReleaseNumber
PoundsPT
ScoreCategory
Score
Population
ScoreA
PopA
ScoreB
PopB
ScoreC
PopC
ScoreD
PopD
ScoreE
PopE
Unique internal identifier.
Unique internal identifier.
Total pounds after any treatment by POTWs or other off-site
facilities.
Codes corresponding to the medium into which the chemical is
released. Examples of the information include: direct air releases
from the stack using a "rural" air dispersion model, fugitive air
releases, releases to an on-site landfill. [See Table 9-3 in Chapter 9
for descriptions]
Total Indicator Element score.
Total population exposed.
Indicator Element score for children 0 through 9 years of age
(inclusive).
Number of children 0 through 9 years of age (inclusive) exposed.
Indicator Element score for children between 10 and 17 (inclusive).
Number of children between 10 and 17 (inclusive) exposed.
Indicator Element score for adults 18 through 44 (inclusive).
Number of adults 18 through 44 (inclusive) exposed.
Indicator Element score for adults 45 through 64 (inclusive).
Number of adults 45 through 64 (inclusive) exposed.
Indicator Element score for adults 65 years old and older.
Number of adults 65 years old and older exposed.
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Facility Data
This dataset is a combination of TRI Reported data, and derived data used to model
emissions from the facilities. Each case is noted after the variable description in the table
below.
Derived stack parameter data was primarily collected from two national EPA databases
(AFS and NET). This data is collected and reprocessed annually. Facilities are matched
where possible- i.e., facility-specific parameters are used. For facilities that cannot be
matched, median values at the 3-digit SIC code level are used. If that is not possible, in
cases where the TRI facility did not submit a valid SIC code, or there are no facilities for
that SIC code in the two EPA databases, median values are used. The AFS/NET data is
supplemented by a one-time data pull conducted in 1998 from three state databases
containing facility-specific data. The states involved are Wisconsin, New York and
California. Only data for facilities that were not matched through AFS/NET were used
from these databases. Starting in RY 1998, electric utilities are required to report to TRI.
Because their stack parameters are generally quite different from other facilities, facility-
specific data collected by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) were used to
represent these facilities. In cases where facilities falling in the electric utility SIC codes
could not be matched, the overall median of all coal and gas electric utilities from EPRI's
dataset was used. For the complete method used in this process, see Technical Appendix
E.
The derived facility location data is the result of a general quality-assurance process
performed on the locations of the TRI reporting facilities and the off-site facilities. The
TRI reporting facilities, as contained in this dataset, have been assigned new latitude and
longitude coordinates in cases where the submitted data did not pass basic QA checks, as
performed in 1996 or in 2000. The new coordinates were generated by a commercial
firm, Thomas Computing Services, based on the facility's reported street address. For a
complete account of this process, see Technical Appendix D.
The SIC code data is based on the primary and additional five SIC codes reported by
facilities on each Form R. Facilities may submit multiple Form R's, and so may report
more than six SIC codes in total, and more than one primary SIC code. Because sector-
based analyses are an important component of RSEI, facility reporting data are processed
to make them easier to use. For any facility that has multiple primary SIC codes, RSEI
assigns the most frequently reported. If more than five additional SIC codes are reported,
RSEI assigns the five most frequently reported as SIC Codes 2 through 6. Users can use
the other fields to make selections at a more aggregated level (2 or 3-digit SIC Codes).
For details, see Technical Appendix F.
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Table 4-8. Facility Data
Variable
Description
Facility ID
Facility Number
DataSource
Latitude
Longitude
X
Y
StackHeight
StackVelocity
StackDiameter
StackHeightSource
StackDiameterSource
StackVelocity Source
RadialDistance
Name
Street
City
County
State
FIPS
STFIPS
ZIPCode
DUNS
Unique TRI identifier for facility. (As Reported)
Unique internal identifier. (Derived)
This variable is not yet active.
Final latitude of the facility in decimal degrees. (Derived)
Final longitude of the facility in decimal degrees. (Derived)
Assigned grid value based on latitude (Derived)
Assigned grid value based on longitude (Derived)
Height of facility stack that is emitting the pollutant (m) (Derived)
Rate at which the pollutant exits the stack (m/s) (Derived)
Diameter of facility stack that is emitting the pollutant (m)
(Derived)
Source of information on stack height (Derived)
Source of information on stack diameter (Derived)
Source of information on stack velocity (Derived)
Distance from approximate center point of grid. (Derived)
TRI facility name (As Reported)
Street address of facility. (As Reported)
City where the TRI facility is located (As Reported)
County where the TRI facility is located (As Reported)
State in which the facility is located (As Reported)
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) code which
identifies the county associated with the facility (As Reported)
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) code which
identifies the state associated with the facility (As Reported)
Facility ZIP code (As Reported)
The 9-digit number assigned by Dun & Bradstreet for the facility or
establishment within the facility (As Reported)
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Table 4-8. Facility Data
Variable
Description
ParentName
ParentDUNS
Region
FederalFacilityFlag
PublicContactName
PublicContactPhone
SICCodel
SICCode2
SICCodeS
SICCode4
SICCodeS
SICCode6
Name of the corporation or other business entity located in the U.S.
that directly owns at least 50 percent of the voting stock of the
facility (As Reported)
The 9-digit number assigned by Dun & Bradstreet for the US parent
company (As Reported)
EPA region where facility is located. There are 10 EPA regions.
Any information which cannot be matched to an actual EPA region
(e.g., an unrecognized ZIP code) is assigned to a dummy region
(called UK) (As Reported)
Code describing federal status for purposes of Executive Order
12856. C =commercial; F = federal; G= government contractor).
(As Reported)
Name submitted by TRI facility as public contact. (As Reported)
Phone number submitted by TRI facility for public contact. (As
Reported)
Facility's 4-digit SIC code designated as "primary" by facility on
Form R. If no primary SIC is designated, the field displays "NR."
(Derived)
Facility's most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC code.
(Derived)
Facility's second most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code. (Derived)
Facility's third most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code. (Derived)
Facility's fourth most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code. (Derived)
Facility's fifth most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code. (Derived)
SICCode2DigitPrimary First 2 digits of facility's primary SIC code (Derived)
SICCodeSDigitPrimary First 3 digits of facility's primary SIC code (Derived)
SICCodeSame2Digit
This code uses all SIC codes reported by a facility to arrive at a
single 2-digit code for the facility, if applicable. (Derived)
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Table 4-8. Facility Data
Variable
Description
Multiple Primary SIC
NPDESPermitNumber
RCRANumber
NearStream
DistancetoStream
WBANID
DistancetoWBAN
SubmitLat
SubmitLong
PreferredLat
Preferred!, ong
LatLongSource
OnTribalLand
TribalL andName
FINAL AC
Code that indicates whether the facility designated multiple SIC
codes as primary on Form R's submitted.
Permit number issued by US EPA for facilities discharging to
water. (As Reported)
Number assigned by EPA to facilities handling hazardous waster
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. (As Reported)
USGS Reach Identifier. (Concatenation of Catalog, Unit, Segment)
(Derived)
The distance between a facility discharging to water and the reach
of the receiving water body (km). (Derived)
The ID assigned to the Weather Bureau/Army/Navy Weather
Station nearest to the facility. (Derived)
The distance between a facility and the nearest weather station
(km). (Derived)
Latitude in decimal degrees exactly as submitted by the TRI
facility. (As Reported)
Longitude in decimal degrees exactly as submitted by the TRI
facility. (As Reported)
Latitude in decimal degrees after correction by TRI. (Derived)
Longitude in decimal degrees after correction by TRI. (Derived)
Source of final lat/long found in 'Latitude' and 'Longitude' fields.
(Derived)
Whether facility is located within the boundaries of a Tribal Land
(True/False). (Derived)
Name of Tribal Land within which facility is located. (Derived)
Accuracy of the final coordinates (in m).
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Table 4-8. Facility Data
Variable Description
FINAL_CM Collection method code for the final coordinates:
Al- address matching, house number
A2- address matching, block face
G3- gps code measurements (pseudo range) differential
(dgps)
G4- gps code measurements (pseudo range) precise
positioning service
II- interpolation-map
12- interpolation-photo
OT- other
Z1 - ZIP code-centroid
FINAL_DC Description category of the final coordinates:
PG- plant entrance (general)
FC- facility centroid
CE- center of facility
OT- other
UN- unknown
FINAL_HD Horizontal datum of the final coordinates
1-NAD27
2- NAD83
O- OTHER
U- UNKNOWN
FINAL_SMS Source map scale of the final coordinates:
E-1:24,000
1-1:100,000
FINAL_QA Results of four quality assurance tests performed by EPA in 1998.
FINAL_MV Results of verification performed by EPA.
MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level)
This dataset contains yearly information on the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)
that EPA sets for chemicals to limit the level of contaminants in drinking water from
public water systems. As the MCLs are legally enforceable, the RSEI model assumes
that drinking water from public systems in compliance with these standards. The first
MCLs were instituted in 1976; changes to existing MCLs and new MCLs have been
instituted since then, including the addition of a large number of new MCLs in 1991.
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This table lists the value for each MCL for each year of TRI data. For several chemicals
for which MCLS were first instituted in 1976 and then revised in 1991, the original MCL
values were not readily available, so the revised values were also used for the years
before the revision. These chemicals are barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, lindane,
mercury, methoxychlor, nitrate, selenium, and toxaphene.
Table 4-9. MCL Data
Variable
Description
CASNumber
CAS Standard
ChemicalNumber
Chemical
MCL1988...MCL2000
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, which identifies a
unique chemical. For chemical categories, CAS Numbers begin
with "N", followed by three digits.
The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number identifies a
unique chemical. The standard format contains three sets of
numbers divided by hyphens (00-00-0).
Unique internal identifier.
Common name(s) of the chemical.
MCL for each year an MCL was in effect.
Media Data
This dataset lists the release media codes and their description as reported in TRI
Reporting Form R. For reported media codes that begin with 'M', the RSEI model has
substituted a 7. For instance, code M54 would be the same as 754 in the table below.
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Table 4-10. Media Data
Variable Description
Media Code associated with the media and/or method of release, as
reported by facility in TRI Reporting Form R. See Table 9-2 in
Chapter 9 for codes.
MediaText Descriptions of receiving media associated with Media Codes
Itw Internal dummy variable used for modeling.
Otw Internal dummy variable used for modeling.
Mtw Internal dummy variable used for modeling.
Sum This variable is not yet implemented.
Off-site Data
This dataset is derived from TRI reported data. Off-site facilities are any facilities to
which a TRI reporting facility transfers a reportable release. The names and addresses of
these off-site facilities are reported by the TRI facilities transferring their releases.
Because multiple facilities may transfer releases to the same off-site facility, the same off-
site facility may be reported multiple times in slightly different forms. To approximate a
set of unique off-site facilities, a sophisticated program was developed to match slightly
different reported entries that were really the same off-site facility. Because latitude and
longitude are not reported but are necessary to model releases, the off-site facilities were
also geocoded (assigned latitude and longitude coordinates based on street address) by a
commercial firm using standard geocoding software based on U.S. Census Tiger files.
This dataset contains the results of both the matching exercise and the geocoding exercise.
Both exercises are updated annually. For a complete account of the process, see Technical
Appendix D.
Table 4-11. Off-site Data
Variable Description
OffsitelD Unique internal identifier for each off-site facility.
Facility Number Unique internal identifier for each off-site facility.
DataSource This variable is not yet active.
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Table 4-11. Off-site Data
Variable
Name
Street
City
County
State
ZIPCode
ZIP9
Latitude
Longitude
X
Y
Radial Distance
StackHeight
StackVelocity
StackDiameter
Class
WBANID
NPDESPermit
RCRANumber
DistanceToWBAN
NearStream
Distance to Stream
StreamSource
Description
Best submitted name for off-site facility.
Best submitted street address for off-site facility.
Best submitted city for off-site facility.
Best submitted county for off-site facility.
Best submitted state for off-site facility.
Best submitted ZIP code for off-site facility.
This variable is not yet implemented.
Geocoded latitude in decimal degrees for off-site facility.
Geocoded longitude in decimal degrees for off-site facility.
Assigned grid value based on latitude.
Assigned grid value based on longitude.
Distance from approximate center point of grid.
Default stack height used for off-site facilities.
Default stack velocity used for off-site facilities.
Default stack diameter used for off-site facilities.
This variable is not implemented.
The ID assigned to the Weather Bureau/Army/Navy Weather
Station nearest to the facility.
Permit number issued by US EPA for facilities discharging to
water.
Number assigned by EPA to facilities handling hazardous waster
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
The distance between an off-site facility and the nearest weather
station (km).
USGS identifier defining stream reach of the receiving water body.
The distance between an off-site facility discharging to water and
the reach of the receiving water body (km).
Data source linking stream reach to facility.
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Table 4-11. Off-site Data
Variable Description
GDTType Type of geocoded match.
Quality Rank from 1 to 9 describing quality of geocoded match (1 is best).
freq Number of TRI transfers sent to this off-site facility.
Reach Data
This dataset contains information on each stream reach contained in the model. The
stream reaches used are linear sections of streams, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries that are
linked to form a skeletal structure representing the branching patterns of surface water
drainage systems. Only transport reaches (i.e., those that have an upstream or downstream
connection) are included in the model. There are no marine areas in the RSEI model. The
stream reach data are based on U.S. EPA's Reach File Version 1.0 (RF1) for the
conterminous United States. RF1 is a database that identifies and subdivides streams and
shorelines of the United States to provide a hydrological framework for organizing water
resource data. RF1 was prepared by the U.S. EPA in 1982 in support of the Better
Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) system. EPA is
currently engaged in creating an updated Reach File (RF3), which will be incorporated
into the model when finalized.
Table 4-12. Reach Data
Variable Description
CatalogUnitSegment This is the unique 11 digit alphanumeric United States Geological
Survey (USGS) identifier for each reach.
DownstreamReach This is the catalog unit/segment identifier for the immediate
downstream reach of a given reach.
AverageFlowMLD Average annual flow at the base of the immediate reach in millions
of liters per day.
SEVQIOFlowMLD The lowest flow over a seven day period in the last ten years at the
base of the immediate reach in millions of liters per day.
ONEQIOFlowMLD The lowest flow over a one day period in the last ten years at the
base of the immediate reach in millions of liters per day.
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Table 4-12. Reach Data
Variable
Description
HarmonicMeanFlowMLD
MeanVelocityMS
LowVelocityMS
SegmentL engthKM
Dummy
UpstreamLat
UpstreamLong
Q3Lat
QSLong
MidLat
MidLong
QlLat
QlLong
DownstreamLat
DownstreamL ong
MaxLat
MaxLong
MinLat
MinLong
The harmonic mean of annual flow at the base of the immediate
reach in millions of liters per day.
The mean flow velocity in meters per second.
The low flow velocity in meters per second.
The length of the immediate reach in kilometers.
This variable is not yet active.
The latitude of the upstream end of the immediate reach in decimal
degrees.
The longitude of the upstream end of the immediate reach in
decimal degrees.
The third quartile latitude upstream from the base of the reach in
decimal degrees.
The third quartile longitude upstream from the base of the reach in
decimal degrees.
The midpoint latitude along the reach path in decimal degrees.
The midpoint longitude along the reach path in decimal degrees.
The first quartile latitude upstream from the base of the reach in
decimal degrees.
The first quartile longitude upstream from the base of the reach in
decimal degrees.
The latitude of the downstream end of the immediate reach in
decimal degrees.
The longitude of the downstream end of the immediate reach in
decimal degrees.
The maximum latitude of the immediate reach in decimal degrees.
The maximum longitude of the immediate reach in decimal degrees.
The minimum latitude of the immediate reach in decimal degrees.
The minimum longitude of the immediate reach in decimal degrees.
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Reach Pops Data
This dataset contains information derived from the placement of the population (from U.S.
Census data) on the model grid in relation to stream reaches (from U.S. EPA's RF1).
Table 4-13. Reach Pops Data
Variable
Description
CatalogUnitSegment
PrimaiyFIPS
ExposedPop
TotalPop
Cells
MaleOto9 through
Female65Up
This is the unique 11 digit alphanumeric United States Geological
Survey (USGS) identifier for each reach.
County in which the reach is located.
Number of people eating from reach.
All people within 50 km of reach.
Number of populated cells within 50 km of reach.
Fields showing number of people in each indicated demographic
group for the indicated year for the indicated county. These fields
are mutually exclusive (they sum to the total number of people in
the county).
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Release Data
This dataset contains the total pounds released as reported in TRI, and the total score for
each release, as well as the release media and the off-site facility that received the release,
if any.
Table 4-14. Release Data
Variable
Description
ReleaseNumber
SubmissionNumber
Media
PoundsReleased
OffsiteNumber
TotalScore
LastUpdated
Unique internal identifier.
Unique internal identifier.
Code associated with the media and/or method of release, as
reported by facility in TRI Reporting Form R. See Table 9-2 in
Chapter 9 for explanation of codes.
Total pounds released, without accounting for treatment.
Unique identifier for off-site facility receiving this release, if any.
Total score (risk-related result) for release.
Internal QA field.
SIC Table Data
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes are used to classify businesses into industry
groups producing the same or similar goods. They are maintained by the U.S.
Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) and can be found online at
http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/sicser.html. This dataset is a direct reproduction of that
portion of the OSHA SIC code table that is reportable to TRI.
Table 4-15. SIC Data
Variable
Description
SICCode
LongName
Four-digit SIC code.
Text description of code.
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Submission Data
This dataset reproduces TRI reported data. However, SubmissionNumber,
FacilityNumber, and ChemicalNumber are unique identifiers internal to the model.
Table 4-16. Submission Data
Variable
Description
DCN
SubmissionNumber
FacilityNumber
ChemicalNumber
Year
Use
LongOrShort
MaxOnsite
TotalPounds
Unique identifier assigned by TRI to each facility submission.
Internal identifier assigned to each submission.
Internal identifier unique to each facility.
Internal identifier unique to each chemical.
Year of facility release.
Code describing how chemical is used in reporting facility, as
reported on TRI Reporting Form R. See Table 9-4 in Chapter 9 for
an explanation of the codes.
Code describing whether the submission came from a short or long
form.
Code describing the maximum amount of the chemical on-site at
reporting facility, as reported in TRI Reporting Form R. See Table
9-4 in Chapter 9 for an explanation of the codes.
Total pounds released.
Weather Data
Weather data used in the model include wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric
stability. The source of these data are STability ARray (STAR) data, which are available
from weather stations throughout the U.S. The model uses STAR data averaged over the
period 1988-1996 from the weather station closest to the facility being modeled. This
dataset contains the averaged data for each weather station, but the format of the data
prevents it from being viewed in the data browser. This data was last updated in 2000.
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Table 4-17. Weather Data
Variable
Description
WBAN
Year
WBANID
Radial Distance
Name
Latitude
Longitude
Temperature
F
PointUrban
AreaUrban
PointRural
AreaRural
Unique internal identifier.
This variable is not yet active.
The ID assigned to the Weather Bureau/Army/Navy Weather
Station.
Distance from approximate center point of grid, used in searching
for the weather station nearest to facility.
This variable is not yet active.
Latitude of the weather station in decimal degrees.
Longitude of the weather station in decimal degrees.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
WSDB (Water System) Data
This dataset contains public water systems, the locations of their drinking water intakes
(although this information is not viewable by the public), and the population served by
each intake. This data is taken from EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System
(SDWIS). However, this dataset only lists the intake location and the number of people
served by each intake, not the location of the served population itself. In the absence of
data on exactly which people are drinking from the intake in question, the model assumes
the closest people to the drinking water intake are using it. This dataset was last updated
in winter 2001-2002
This dataset also contains information on the reach that supplies the drinking water intake.
In the absence of this information, it is assumed that the intake is located on the reach
nearest the reported coordinates for the drinking water intake. The closest reach was
determined using reach shape files and plotting the intakes using their coordinates.
There were 564 drinking water intakes in the continental US in the SDWIS data which are
missing latitude and longitude but do report a county. The population served by these
intakes was evenly distributed among the stream reaches in their reported counties. For
those reaches that cross county boundary lines, population was only assigned for the
length of the reach within the county in question.
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Table 4-18. WSDB (Water System) Data
Variable
Description
IntakeRecordNumber
IntakelD
PWSID
PWSName
State
County Served
CityServed
PopulationServedEq
PopulationServedL
CatalogUnitSegment
County ReachFlag
Latitude
Longitude
DistanceM
TotalReachLengthKm
ReachLengthlnCounty
Km
Unique internal identifier.
Internal identifier.
Public Water System ID
Name of Public Water System
State in which water system is located.
Primary county served by the public water system.
Primary city served by the public water system.
Number of people served by the public water system. For drinking
water intakes without coordinates whose population was distributed
among the reaches in the county, this number represents the
population per reach-intake combination if people are distributed
equally among reaches.
Number of people served by the public water system. For drinking
water intakes without coordinates whose population was distributed
among the reaches in the county, this number represents the
population per reach-intake combination if people are distributed
proportionately among reaches based on reach length.
Unique 11 digit alphanumeric United States Geological Survey
(USGS) identifier for each reach.
This flag indicates whether the intake was located using coordinates
from SDWIS (False), or whether its population was distributed
among all reaches in the county where the intake is located (True).
Latitude of the water system in decimal degrees (zeroed out).
Longitude of the water system in decimal degrees (zeroed out).
Distance from the drinking water intake to the modeled intake reach
(m).
For drinking water intakes without coordinates whose population
was distributed among the reaches in the county, this is the total
length of each reach assigned population (km).
For drinking water intakes without coordinates whose population
was distributed among the reaches in the county, this is the length
of each reach assigned population that is in the same county as the
intake (some reaches cross county borders) (km).
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ZIP Code Data
The percent of persons who drink well water is available for each county from the
National Well Water Association's data files. These percentages are applied to the
population in individual grid cells to estimate the well water drinkers in a given grid cell.
This is used in modeling ground water contamination. This dataset was last updated in
1996.
Table 4-19. ZIP Code Data
Variable
Description
ZIPCode
Latitude
Longitude
WellWaterPct
RadialDistance
Five-digit ZIP code
Latitude of the ZIP code centroid in decimal degrees.
Longitude of the ZIP code centroid in decimal degrees.
Percent of the population in the ZIP code that get their drinking
water from a well.
Distance from approximate center point of grid.
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CHAPTER 5
Selecting Releases
Selecting releases (Select button)
The Select button, found at the top of the menu panel, allows you to build selection
statements that pull out specific subsets of data in the model. These subsets can be based
on the geographic locations of facilities, the year of the chemical releases, the kinds of
chemicals released, or any other single variable or combination of variables included in
the model. This selection will then be used as the basic dataset for all of the other model
functions, like crosstab and sorted tables, graphs, and maps.
The following sections explain how the Select button can be used to develop new
selections, and save and reopen them. Pressing the Select button brings up the Select D
elements... screen, as shown below.
Select elements..
Open j Save | |rUearjj Submit | Special J Cancel
' Choose records where all of the following apply
Enter Description
The Select Elements Screen
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
An element is the chemical-facility-pathway-year specific building
block of the RSEI model. The unitless numerical value that
describes the relative risk for each element is called a score.
Opening Existing Selections
The Open button loads the selection statements for selections that have already been
saved. The default directory for saved selections is C:\My Documents. Users can also
store selections in the C:\Program FilesVRSEIYUser directory. Once opened, click Submit
to run the selection.
Select elements,,.
SubmiM Cancel
a| of the
New Selections
Each selection is made up of one or more selection statements, which tells the model what
kind of records you want to pull out of the database. Each record is an element- the
building block of the model
that defines a chemical
release to a specific exposure
pathway. There are two
parts to each selection
statement- bracket
statements and condition
statements. Bracket
statements tell the model
how to interpret a list of
conditions. Bracket
statements always come
immediately before a
condition or a list of conditions. When you click on the Select button and the Select
elements... screen opens, the first line of text in the dialog box is a bracket statement,
"Choose records where all of the following apply." This bracket statement tells the model
that a list is coming, and to only select those scores to which ALL of the conditions in the
list apply. If you click on all, a drop-down box will appear with other choices: any, none,
or not all.
any
none
not all
When you open the Select elements... screen, the most recent selection you submitted is
displayed. You can either modify this selection and resubmit it, or click the Clear button
at the top of the screen to remove all but the very first bracket statement.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
«JJ of the
CD
of *ta fsbpHng ^pplf
1 *
I
CJ)
Condition Statements
Condition statements are
the actual criteria you use to
select elements. For
instance, a condition could
be that the facility releasing
the chemical is located in
New York, or that the
chemical being released is
benzene. Condition
statements can pull out any
variable that is included in the model, and select elements that are equal to the criteria you
enter, or not equal, less than, greater than, etc. With the combination of bracket and
condition statements, you can construct very complex selections to pull out only those
elements you are interested in.
! Adding Selection Statements
When you open the Select elements... screen by
clicking on the Select button, you will see one line of
text that says, 'Choose records where all of the
following apply.' This is your first bracket statement,
and tells the model how to interpret the condition or
list of conditions that comes next. If you click on all.
you can change how the model interprets the ensuing
list. You have the following options:
A selection statement
consists of at least one
bracket statement and
one condition statement.
Bracket Operator Definition
all
any
none
not all
Every condition in the next list must apply for a
record to be selected.
At least one condition in the next list must apply
for a record to be selected.
All of the conditions in the next list must NOT
apply for a record to be selected.
At least one of the conditions in the next list must
NOT apply for a record to be selected.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Once you have decided how you want to define your bracket statement, click on the circle
to the left of the text. Click 'Add Condition' in the drop down menu. The following text
line will appear:
1. Chemical Flags. Year Chemical Added is equal to
This is your first condition statement. The first part of the condition, where it says,
'Chemical Flags,' is the variable group. 'Chemical Flags' is shown as the default text
because it happens to be the first variable group in the drop down menu. Click on that part
of the text, and a drop down box will show the 12 available variable groups. Click on any
group name, and a list of the variables in that group will appear in a menu to the right. See
the end of this chapter for a complete listing of all the groups and variables. Click on the
desired variable. The variable group and variable name will now show in the text line.
Note that a period separates the variable group name from the variable name.
The second part of the condition is the condition operator. Click on the phrase 'is equal
to,' and a drop down will appear with a list of other available operators. Click on the
condition operator desired, and it will appear in the text line. Note that the operator
'between' is inclusive: 'is between 1 and 3' will select 1, 2 and 3.
Condition Operator Note
is equal to
is not equal to
is less than
is less than or equal to
is greater than
is greater than or equal to
is null
is in list
is between
starts with
does not start with
contains
does not contain
Returns results where variable is exactly equal to value entered. Used for text
and numeric fields. If a list appears, click on the selected value in list.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Returns results where variable field is blank. Will not return results where
variable field is zero.
Not currently functional.
Used for numeric fields only. Is inclusive: 'is between 3 and 5' selects 3, 4,
and 5.
Used for text fields only.
Used for text fields only.
Used for text fields only.
Used for text fields only.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
J of the talowhg
Criterion
\
The third part of the
condition is the criterion
itself. Depending on the
variable you entered, you
may have to enter text or
numbers in the space, or if
you click on that space, a
list of possible entries for
you to choose from may
appear. Consult the variable list at the end of this chapter for the correct entry format for
each variable. Note that after you enter your criterion, you must click somewhere in the
window outside of the box you just typed in, so that the entire text line turns blue (this
enters your change).
and
Select elements.
) Choota d of the
-
Chemical Identifiers
Toxlcity
Elements
Location
Submission
IDs
CAS
CAS Standard
Chemical
Chnmical
Chemtype
Put
Sort CAS
Sort
u
Variables
-ErttBjDatcripBon-
Once you have completed your selection statement, you can either submit it (by clicking
the Submit button) or further refine it by adding more conditions and/or selection
statements.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
To add more conditions within the same bracket statement, click on the ' 1' to the left of
your first condition, then click 'Add condition.' A new text line will appear, which you
can change to reflect your desired criterion. Remember that because you are within the
same bracket statement, the model will evaluate this condition along with the first,
according to whatever bracket operator you selected in the bracket statement. For
instance, if you selected 'any' as your bracket statement operator (in the first text line),
your first condition was 'Facility Location.State is equal to NY' and your second condition
was 'Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Benzene,' the model will return all releases
from facilities in New York (regardless of the chemical) PLUS all releases of benzene in
the U.S. (regardless of the state). If what you really wanted was all releases of benzene
from New York, change the bracket statement operator in the first text line to 'all'. Then
the model will only select those releases that are 1) from facilities in New York, and also
2) benzene releases.
You can also add additional selection statements. Having more than one selection
statement is useful when you want to use different operators on different sets of criteria.
For instance, consider the example above of benzene releases in New York. Perhaps you
would like to look more closely at benzene releases and chlorine releases in New York. In
this case, you cannot simply add another condition statement for chlorine (with 'all' as the
bracket operator), because the model will then look for releases that are 1) from facilities
in New York, 2) benzene releases, and 3) chlorine releases, which is not logically possible.
So here you can use an additional bracket statement to group together benzene and
chlorine, and direct the model to pick releases that are either one.
To select benzene and
chlorine releases in New
York, keep the first text line
as is, so it reads 'Choose
records where all of the
following apply.' Then
click on the circle to the left
of the text line, and choose
'Add Condition.' For the
first condition, enter
'Facility Location. State is equal to NY.' Then click on the ' 1' next to the condition, and
click 'Add Bracket.' Change 'all' to 'any'. In line 2.1, which is the first condition of your
new selection statement, change the variable to read, 'Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is
equal to Benzene.' Then click on the circled '2.1', and click "Add Condition.' A new line
2.2 will appear. Change that line so it reads 'Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to
Chlorine.' Now the model will understand this selection as selecting all releases that are
1) from facilities in New York, and 2) Benzene OR Chlorine.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Note that the selection statements work similarly to outlines. How a line is indented
shows you what grouping it belongs to. The first line (the initial bracket statement) will
always apply to the entire selection, and all additional selection statements are nested
within it. Refer to the example selection statements at the end of this chapter for ideas on
how to build complex selections with multiple selection statements.
! Deleting Selection Statements
To delete statements, click on the circle to the left of the text line you no longer want, then
click 'Delete Current Row'. If the text line you delete is a bracket statement with
conditions underneath it, those conditions will also be deleted. Note that the first bracket
statement cannot be deleted. Clicking on the Clear button will erase your entire selection.
! 'Special' Button
Under the Special button in the Select elements... screen, there are two options that allow
you to create two different types of selections with multiple condition statements quickly
and easily. The "SIC code chain" option will automatically select all those facilities that
report the 4-digit SIC code you enter as any one of their six reported SIC codes. The
'Read Facility IDs from File' option allows you to import a text file containing a list of
TRI facility IDs that you wish to use in your selection. The list should be in a plain text
file (extension .txt with no extraneous formatting) with each facility ID followed by a hard
return, and no hard return after the very last entry. After entering either option, the model
will add a sequence of condition statements to the selection window. You can then further
modify your selection.
! Saving/Opening Selections
The RSEI model allows you to save your selection statements, so that you can either use
the selection again in a later analysis, or just use the selection statements as a starting point
for a similar selection. In the box at the bottom of the screen, beneath 'Enter Description'
you can enter a fairly lengthy text description of your selection that will be displayed the
next time you open it. Click the Save button at the top of the screen, and the selection will
be saved to your hard drive. Note that this only saves the selection itself, not the results of
the selection. Next time you open it (using the Open button at the top left), you will have
to resubmit in order to use the resulting set.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
! Submitting Your Selection
When you are finished building your selection, click on Submit to run it. Depending on
your computer's memory (RAM) and the size of the requested set, your selection may take
up to 30 minutes or longer to finish. Shorter selections, such as all facilities in one state
for one year, should be done in under five minutes.
At any time, if you forget what your selection is, click on the text that lists the
number of selected facilities, releases, and elements in the far upper right of the
screen. A selection box will appear reminding you of your selection statements.
Variable Descriptions
The following tables describe the variables and variable groups that you can use to build
your selection. Each table also provides the correct entry format for each variable, or notes
that the model contains a list to select from.
NOTE: It is important to use the entry format listed (e.g., use all capitals if indicated).
Otherwise, your selection will contain incorrect data, or will not return any results at all.
! Chemical Flags
Chemical flags indicate whether a chemical is in a particular group of interest. For
example, as noted below, chemicals with primary or secondary drinking water standards
under the Safe Drinking Water Act contain the word 'True' in the SDWA Flag field.
Additional information on chemical flags is provided in Appendix G.
Table 5-1. Chemical Flags
Variable Description Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Year Chemical Added The year the chemical was added to the Toxics Choices are:
Release Inventory 1987 -1995
Enter all four digits when
building your selection
[e.g., 1988]
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Table 5-1. Chemical Flags
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
CAA Flag
CERCLA Flag
Core Chemical Flag
Mini Core Chemical
Flag
Expansion Flag
HAP Flag
This flag marks the chemicals that are Clean
Air Act pollutants.
This flag marks the chemicals that are
regulated under Superfund (CERCLAthe
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act).
This flag marks the chemicals that are common
to all reporting years of TRI and that have had
no modifications of reporting requirements.
This flag marks the chemicals that are common
to TRI reporting years 1995 through 2000 and
that have had no modifications of reporting
requirements in that time period. This flag is
true for all chemicals except hydrochloric acid
(modified for RY1995, and several chemicals
modified or added for RY2000).
This flag marks the chemicals that were added
to the Section 313 toxic chemical list for
reporting in 1995 and later years.
This flag marks the chemicals that are
hazardous air pollutants, as defined by the
Clean Air Act.
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
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Table 5-1. Chemical Flags
Variable
OSHA Carcinogens
Description
This flag indicates whether the chemical is a
known or suspect human carcinogen based on
OSHA criteria (U.S. EPA, 1998). Known
human carcinogens are defined as those that
have been shown to cause cancer in humans.
Suspect human carcinogens have been shown
to cause cancer in animals. The list of
chemicals flagged as OSHA carcinogens is
based on the list of carcinogens provided in the
1997 TRI Public Data Release, which was
compiled from the following sources: the
National Toxicology Program''s Annual Report
on Carcinogens, the International Agency for
Research on Cancer Monographs, and 29 CFR
191018.
Priority Pollutant Flag This flag marks the chemicals that are priority
pollutants, as defined by the Clean Water Act.
33/50 Flag
PBT Flag
SDWA Flag
This flag is a marker which indicates that the
chemical is included inEPA's 33/50 program,
a program in which facilities voluntarily reduce
their chemical releases by 33 percent and 50
percent by certain dates.
Indicates whether EPA has designated this
chemical as a priority chemical under the
Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT)
Chemical Program.
This flag marks the chemicals that have
national primary or secondary drinking water
standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
18 Even if a chemical is flagged as an OSHA carcinogen, its toxicity weight for a given exposure pathway
may not be based on its carcinogenic effects. For example, a chemical that causes both carcinogenic and
noncarcinogenic effects when inhaled may have a higher inhalation toxicity weight associated with noncarcinogenic
effects than with its carcinogenic effects. If you wish to view all chemicals that have inhalation toxicity weights
based on cancer health effects, see the Toxicity Class - Inhale field. To obtain a list of chemicals that have toxicity
weights based only on cancer health effects, see the Toxicity Category field.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Table 5-1. Chemical Flags
Variable
Description
User Tags 1 through 5 Using these tags, you can select a set of
chemicals based on your own selection criteria.
This feature is not yet implemented.
High Production
Volume Flag
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This flag marks the chemicals that are included
in EPA's High Production Volume program.
Inclusion is defined as having been assigned
any combination of 0,1,2,3 or 4 in EPA's HPV
Challenge list. Chemicals assigned a 5 are not
considered included. These values are defined
as follows (for more information see EPA's
HPV Challenge website at
http://www.epa.gov/chemrtk/volchall.htm):
0 = Within the scope of the HPV Challenge
Program and may be sponsored.
1 = Not considered a candidate for testing
under the program, based on preliminary EPA
review indicating that testing using the SIDS
base set would not further understanding of the
chemical's properties. May be sponsored, however.
2 = Otherwise being handled under the
OECD's Screening Information Data Set
(SIDS) Program (may be sponsored).
3 = Not subject to the program because it is a
polymer or inorganic substance (may be sponsored).
4 = Sponsorship of a chemical under the
International Council of Chemical Associations
(ICCA) HPV Initiative has been confirmed by
ICCA and all information essentially
equivalent to a Full Commitment under the
program has been provided to the Agency.
5 = Chemical meets the criteria for being "No
Longer HPV" and is no longer subject to the
program (may be sponsored)
5-11
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
You can implement User
Tags by entering 'True' in
the appropriate field (e.g.,
User Tag 1) of the database
file chemical, db for the
chemicals of interest. The
labels for the User Tag fields
cannot be edited; therefore,
the user must remember what
each tag represents when
building a selection,
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Table 5-1. Chemical Flags
Variable
Description
HPV Challenge Value Chemical's status as assigned by EPA. See
descriptions under "High Production Volume
Flag" above.
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Enter single number 0
through 5, or specific
combination of numbers,
e.g.,'2,4.' For all possible
combinations of a value, use
the 'contains' operator with
the desired value. Note that
this variable includes
chemicals assigned '5,'
which the previous variable
does not. To query all HPV
Challenge chemicals,
including those assigned '5,'
use the following selection:
any of the following apply-
High Production Volume
Flag is equal to True; HPV
Challenge Value contains 5.
! Chemical Properties
Chemical properties are used in the model to estimate fate and transport of the chemicals
in soil, water, and air. Because of the number of chemicals in the model, there may be a
wide range of values associated with each property. In addition, there may be no
information available for some chemicals and properties. For convenience, the
approximate range of properties for chemicals currently in the model is presented in the
following table.
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Table 5-2. Chemical Properties
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Air Decay (1/hr)
BCF (L/kg)
H2O Decay (1/hr)
Henrys (atm/(mole/m3))
Incinerator DRE (pet)
Kd(L/kg)
Koc (mL/g)
LOGKOW
Molecular Weight
(g/mole)
POTW Partition (Biod)
(pet)
POTW Partition
(Removal) (pet)
The rate at which a chemical degrades in air, due
primarily to photooxidation by radicals (hr1).
Bioconcentration factor: the ratio of a chemical's
concentration in fish to its concentration in water
at equilibrium (L/kg).
The rate at which a chemical degrades in water,
due to abiotic hydrolysis, biodegradation, or
photolysis (hr"1).
Henry's law constant: the ratio of a chemical's
concentration in the air to its concentration in the
water at equilibrium (atmmVmol).
Destruction/removal efficiencies, expressed as the
percent of chemical fed to the incinerator that is
not released to the air.
The soil-water partition, or distribution,
coefficient. For organics, the value is often
estimated as the product of Koc and foc (the fraction
of organic carbon in the soil) (L/kg).
The organic carbon-water partition coefficient,
used in estimates of chemical sorption to soil
(mL/g).
The logarithm of the octanol-water partition
coefficient. Kow is the ratio of a chemical's
concentration in the octanol phase to its
concentration in the aqueous phase at equilibrium
in a two-phase octanol/water system.
The mass in grams of one mole of molecules of a
chemical compound.
Percent of total POTW (Publicly Owned
Treatment Works) removal efficiency attributable
to biodegradation of the chemical.
Percent of chemical removed from the wastewater
by the POTW.
Range is 0.000000324 to
276.
Range is 0 to 550,000.
Range is 0 to 276.
Range is 9.11 e-44to
94.5.
Range is 88.5 to 99.9999
Range is 4 to 4100.
Range is 1 to
10,000,000,000.
Range is-7.18 to 12.11.
Range is 9.01 to 1,052.7
Range is 0 to 100.
Range is 1.85 to 100.
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Table 5-2. Chemical Properties
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
POTW Partition
(Sludge) (pet)
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency Range is 0 to 100.
attributable to sorption of the chemical to sewage
sludge.
POTW Partition (Volat) Percent of total POTW removal efficiency
(pet) attributable to volatilization of the chemical.
Range is 0 to 99.01.
Water Solubility (mg/L) The amount of chemical that dissolves in water at Range is 0 to 3,320,000.
a particular temperature, usually 25 degrees
Celsius (mg/L).
! Chemical Identifiers
Chemicals can be identified by common or scientific name and by the Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS) Registry number. Chemicals may have more than one common (or
scientific name), but they have only one CAS Number. Another important identifier is
whether or not the chemical is a metal. Also, the designation of core chemical, as noted
below, indicates whether or not facilities have been required to report releases of the
chemical during all years of TRI reporting included in the RSEI Model, without any
changes or modifications to the chemical's reporting requirements.
Table 5-3. Chemical Identifiers
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
CAS Number
CAS Standard
Chemical Type
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Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number,
which identifies a unique chemical. For
chemical categories, CAS Numbers begin with
"N", followed by three digits.
The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
Number identifies a unique chemical. The
standard format contains three sets of numbers
divided by hyphens (00-00-0).
This identifier is not yet active.
5-14
Select from list.
Select from list.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Table 5-3. Chemical Identifiers
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Chemical
ChemType
Full Chemical Name
Metal
Sort CAS
Sort Name
Common name(s) of the chemical.
This identifier is not yet active.
Full scientific name(s) of the chemical.
This flag indicates whether the chemicals are
metals and also whether they are core
chemicals. (Core chemicals are those that are
common to all reporting years of TRI and
which have had no modifications of reporting
requirements.)
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number,
which identifies a unique chemical. For
chemical categories, CAS Numbers begin with
"N", followed by three digits.
Common name of chemical, with initial
modifiers moved to end of name. Used for
internal sorting purposes.
Select from list.
Enter as text with initial
capital (not
recommended- Use of
variable 'Chemical' is
more reliable.)
Choices are:
M [metal];
CM [core metal];
NM [non-metal]; or CNM
[core non-metal]
Enter without hyphens
(functions same as
variable 'CAS Number')
Enter as text with initial
capital (not
recommended- Use of
variable 'Chemical' is
more reliable.)
! Chemical Toxicity
A variety of toxicity information is stored in the RSEI Model, ranging from information
that makes up the underlying non-cancer and cancer toxicity values to the actual toxicity
weights assigned to the chemicals using the method applied by the RSEI Model. You can
choose subsets any of these variables when building your selection. See Chapter 1 for a
description of toxicity data in the model and for information on the method used to assign
toxicity weights.
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Table 5-4. Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Inhale Tox Weight
MCL (mg/L)
Oral Tox Weight
The RSEI toxicity weight for a
chemical for the inhalation pathway.
Range is 0.036 to 1,000,000.
EPA's current Maximum Contaminant Range is 0.00000003 to 10.
Level, which is the national primary
drinking water standard for the
chemical.
The RSEI toxicity weight for a
chemical for the oral pathway.
QSTAR Oral (1/mg/kg-day) The oral cancer slope factor (q/): a
measure of the incremental lifetime
risk of cancer by oral intake of a
chemical, expressed as risk per mg/kg-
day.
RfC Conf.
RfC Inhale (mg/m3)
RfCMF
Confidence levels are assigned to the
study used to derive the RfC, the
overall database, and to the RfC itself.
The inhalation reference concentration
(RfC) is defined as "an estimate (with
uncertainty spanning perhaps an order
of magnitude) of a continuous
inhalation exposure to the human
population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without
appreciable risk of deleterious
noncancer health effects during a
lifetime" (U.S. EPA, 1994).
The modifying factor (MF) is a value
applied to the NOAEL when scientific
uncertainties in the study chosen for
estimating the RfC are not explicitly
addressed by the standard UFs.
Range is 0.01 to 1,000,000.
Range is 0.000012 to 230.
Three levels may be assigned:
H [high]
M [medium]
L [low]
Range is 0.00002 to 50.
Three values may be assigned:
1.0
3.0
10.0
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Table 5-4. Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
RfCUF
RfDConf.
RfDMF
RfD Oral (mg/kg-day)
RfDUF
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied
to the no-observed-adverse-effect level
(NOAEL) upon which the RfC is
based, thereby reducing the dose. The
UF accounts for uncertainties in
extrapolation from experimental data to
an estimate appropriate to humans.
Confidence levels are assigned to the
study used to derive the RfD, the
overall database, and to the RfD itself.
The modifying factor (MF) is a value
applied to the NOAEL when scientific
uncertainties in the study chosen for
estimating the RfD are not explicitly
addressed by the standard UFs.
The oral reference dose (RfD) is "an
estimate (with uncertainty spanning
perhaps an order of magnitude) of a
daily exposure [by ingestion] to the
human population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without
an appreciable risk of deleterious
effects during a lifetime" (Barnes,
1988).
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied
to the no-observed-adverse-effect level
(NOAEL) upon which the RfD is
based, thereby reducing the dose. The
UF accounts for uncertainties in
extrapolation from experimental data to
an estimate appropriate to humans.
Range is 10 to 10,000.
Three levels may be assigned:
H [high]
M [medium]
L [low]
Four values may be assigned:
1.0
3.0
5.0
10.0
Range is 0.000007 to 50.
Range is 1 to 30,000.
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Table 5-4. Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Toxicity Category
This indicates whether the oral and
inhalation toxicity weights are based on
cancer health effects, non-cancer health
effects, or both.
Toxicity Class - Inhale
This indicates whether the toxicity
weight for the inhalation pathway is
based on cancer or noncancer health
effects.
Toxicity Class - Oral
This indicates whether the toxicity
weight for the oral pathway is based on
cancer or noncancer health effects.
Choices are: Carcinogen
[indicates that the chemical's
most sensitive endpoint for both
exposure pathways is cancer];
Non-carcinogen [indicates that
the chemical's most sensitive
endpoint for both exposure
pathways is noncancer effects];
and Mixed [indicates that the
chemical's most sensitive
endpoint varies by exposure
pathway]
Choices are: Carcinogen
[indicates that the chemical's
most sensitive endpoint for the
inhalation pathway is cancer];
Non-carcinogen [indicates that
the chemical's most sensitive
endpoint for the inhalation
pathway is noncancer effects];
Carcinogen*; and Non-
carcinogen*.
An asterisk indicates that the
toxicity weight came from the
oral exposure pathway.
Choices are:
Carcinogen [indicates that the
chemical's most sensitive
endpoint for the oral pathway is
cancer]; Non-carcinogen
[indicates that the chemical's
most sensitive endpoint for the
oral pathway is noncancer
effects]; Carcinogen*; and Non-
carcinogen*.
An asterisk indicates that the
toxicity weight came from the
inhalation pathway.
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Table 5-4. Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Toxicity Source
Unit Risk Inhale (1/mg/m3)
WOE
Source of toxicity information
The unit inhalation risk is the excess
lifetime risk due to a "continuous
constant lifetime exposure of one unit
of carcinogen concentration"(51 FR
33998).
Weight of evidence (WOE) categories
indicate how likely a chemical is to be
a human carcinogen, based on
considerations of the quality and
adequacy of data and the type of
responses induced by the suspected
carcinogen. EPA WOE classifications
include the following categories and
associated definitions (51 FR 33996):
A Carcinogenic to humans
B Probable carcinogen based
on:
B 1 Limited human evidence
B2 Sufficient evidence in animals
and inadequate or no evidence
in humans
C Possible carcinogen
D Not classifiable
E Evidence of non-
carcinogenicity
Choices are:
IRIS, OPP, ATSDR, CalEPA,
HEAST, or DERIVED plus the
date of search. This field is not
recommended for searching.
Range is 0.000004 to 67.
Choices are:
A
Bl
B2
C
D
E
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! Elements
The variables in the following table are associated with the elements generated by the
RSEI Model. In general, the information in the following table describes output from the
model or describes the variables as used in the model.
Table 5-5. Elements
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Pounds (Post treatment)
Population
Score
Score Category Code
Score Category Text
Score Children < 10
Score Children 10 to 17
Score Males 18 to 44
Total pounds released associated with each
element after any treatment by POTWs or off-
site facilities.
Exposed population associated with each
element.
Indicator Element Score.
Codes corresponding to the medium into
which the chemical is released. Examples of
the information include: direct air releases
from the stack using a "rural" air dispersion
model, fugitive air releases, releases to an on-
site landfill.
Descriptions of release media and other
descriptors corresponding with the score
category codes.
Indicator Element Score for children less than
ten years old.
Range is 0 to
620,000,000.
Range is 0 to
15,916,995.
Range is 0 to
84,993,176.
Choices are 0-33
[See Table 9-3 in
Chapter 9 for
descriptions]
See Table 9-3 in Chapter
9 for descriptions.
[The descriptions in
Table 9-3 are not the
exact descriptions
included in the model; it
is recommended that you
use the Media Codes
when building your
selection rather than
these media descriptions]
Range is 0 toll,519,836.
Indicator Element Score for children between Range is 0 to
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ten and 17 years of age (inclusive).
Indicator Element Score for males 18 years
old through 44 years old (inclusive).
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17,226,492.
Range is 0 to
17,226,492..
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Table 5-5. Elements
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Score Females 18 to 44
Score Adults 65 and older
Indicator Element Score for females 18 years Range is 0 to
old through 44 years old (inclusive). 15,431,482.
Indicator Element Score for adults 65 years
old and older.
Range is 0 to 8,434,089.
! Facility Location
One or more facilities can be used in a selection based on location. For example, a single
facility may be located using the street address, or all facilities in a state may be chosen.
Facilities can also be chosen based on their distance from the nearest stream reach or the
nearest weather station (WB AN). All variables that can be used to select facilities based
on location are listed in the following table:
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Table 5-6. Facility Location
Variable
Description
Format for Entering Information/
Possible Values
City
County
Distance to Stream
Distance to WBAN
FIPS
State FIPS
Latitude
City where the TRI facility
is located
County where the TRI
facility is located
Enter city name using all capital letters.1
Enter county name using capital letters.1
Because more than one state may contain a
given county name, the preferred entry
format is to enter the two letter state
postal code followed by a comma and the
county name (with no space between state
and county). For example, Prince George's
County, Maryland should be entered as:
"MD,PRINCE GEORGES"
(Note that although there is no space
between the state and the first name of the
county, there is a space between words in
the county name.)
Alternatively, one can subset both state and
county together.
In addition, counties beginning with 'Me'
should be entered like 'Me Donald,' with a
space between 'Me' and the rest of the
word.
The distance between a Range is 0 to 3,999.84.
facility discharging to water
and the reach of the
receiving water body (km).
The distance between a
facility and the nearest
weather station (km).
Range is 0 to 334,806.57.
TRI facility FIPS (Federal
Information Processing
Standard) code which
identifies the county
associated with the facility
TRI facility FIPS (Federal
Information Processing
Standard) code which
identifies the state
associated with the facility
Final facility latitude after
RSEIQA process.
Enter code using leading zeros if code is
less than five digits.
Enter code using leading zeros if code is
less than two digits.
Range is-14.29 to 66.43.
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Table 5-6. Facility Location
Variable
Description
Format for Entering Information/
Possible Values
LLM
Longitude
EPA Region
On Tribal Land
Tribal Land Name
State
Street
X
Y
ZIPCode
Internal code
Final facility longitude after
RSEIQA process.
EPA region where facility
is located. There are 10
EPA regions. Any
information which cannot
be matched to an actual
EPA region (e.g., an
unrecognized ZIP code) is
assigned to a dummy region
(called UK)
Flag indicating whether
facility is located on a tribal
land.
Name of tribal land on
which facility is located.
State in which the facility is
located
Street address of facility.
Range is -170.70 to 145.71.
Enter EPA region number 1 through 9.
Assigned grid value based
on latitude
Assigned grid value based
on longitude
Facility ZIP code
True [facility is on tribal land]
False [facility is not on tribal land]
Enter text.
Enter the two character state postal code,
using all capital letters
Enter text. (Not recommended unless exact
entry from Form R is known)
Range is -18,382.5 to 15,643.5.
Range is -1,587.5 to 7,382.5.
Enter five digits2
'Because there may be some variation in the spelling of city, county, or facility names in the TRI database, you may need to enter
several spellings of the item you are interested in. For example, to obtain data for St. Louis, Missouri, you should enter all of the
following city spellings:
SAINT LOUIS
ST. LOUIS
ST LOUIS
2Over the years covered by the model, some ZIP codes have been deleted, others have been reassigned, and yet others have been added.
Thus, when doing regional selections, use of city, county, state, or region is advisable.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
! Facility Identifiers
Some users may be familiar with facility identifiers, and may wish to use this information
to choose the facilities of interest. A variety of identifiers, from the name as reported to
TRI to identifying numbers associated with marketing data (DUNS numbers) are listed in
the following table, along with the formats required when selecting the facilities:
Table 5-7. Facility Identifiers
Variable
Description
Format for Entering Information/
Possible Values
DUNS
Facility ID
Name
Near Stream
NPDES Permit Number
Parent DUNS
Parent Name
The 9-digit number assigned by Enter the nine digits
Dun & Bradstreet for the facility
or establishment within the
facility.
Unique TRI identifier for
facility
TRI facility name
USGS Reach Identifier
(Concatenation of Catalog, Unit,
Segment)
Enter the 15 character TRI identifier, using
digits and upper case letters.
Enter name using capital letters.1
Enter the 11 digits.
Permit number issued by US Enter the nine digits
EPA for facilities discharging to
water.
Enter the nine digits
Enter name using all capital letters
RCRA Number
WBANID
The 9-digit number assigned by
Dun & Bradstreet for the US
parent company
Name of the corporation or
other business entity located in
the U.S. that directly owns at
least 50 percent of the voting
stock of the facility
Number assigned by EPA to
facilities handling hazardous
waster under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
The ID assigned to the Weather Enter 1 to 3 digits.
Bureau/Army/Navy Weather
Station nearest to the facility.
Enter the 12 digits.
'Because there may be some variation in the spelling of city, county, or facility names in the TRI database, you may need to enter
several spellings of the item you are interested in. For example, to obtain data for St. Louis, Missouri, you should enter all of the
following city spellings: SAINT LOUIS, ST. LOUIS, ST LOUIS
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D Facility Industry
A subset of all industries are required to report their releases to TRI. Specifically, all
facilities within 2-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39 must
report releases (if those releases exceed given thresholds), and selected facilities within
SIC codes 10, 12, 49, 51, and 73 must report their releases. A given facility may produce
more than one type of product or may be associated with more than one type of activity,
and therefore, the facility may report up to six SIC codes on TRI Form R, with one code
designated as primary. Facilities may submit multiple Form R's, and so potentially may
report more than six SIC codes and multiple primary codes.
Because sector-based analyses are an important component of RSEI, facility reporting
data are processed to make them easier to use. For any facility that has multiple primary
SIC codes, RSEI assigns the most frequently reported as SIC Code 1. If more than five
additional SIC codes are reported, RSEI assigns the five most frequently reported as SIC
Codes 2 through 6. Users can use the other fields to make selections at a more aggregated
level (2 or 3-digit SIC Codes). Note that if you choose to select releases using a
numerical value in the "SIC Code Same 2 Digit" field, the model will not select facilities
that have reported more than one 2-digit SIC Code (in such cases the code shows 'MU,'
'MO' or 'MN'). For details on the processing of the SIC Code data, see Technical
Appendix F. See Chapter 9 for a list of the industries associated with 2-digit and 3-digit
SIC codes. The following table describes all the variables used in the model.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Table 5-8. Facility Industry
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Federal Facility Flag
Multiple Primary SIC
SIC Code Same 2 Digit
Code that indicates whether a facility is
considered federal for purposes of
Executive Order 12856.
Choices are: C = commercial; F :
federal; or G = government
contractor.
Code that indicates whether the facility Choices are: True [facility reported
designated multiple SIC codes as primary multiple primary SIC codes] or
on Form R's submitted. False [facility reported only one
primary SIC code].
SIC Code 1
SIC Code 2
SIC Code 2 Digit
Primary
SIC Code 3
SIC Code 3 Digit
Primary
SIC Code 4
SIC Code 5
SIC Code 6
This code uses all SIC codes reported by
a facility to arrive at a single 2-digit code
for the facility, if applicable.
Facility's 4-digit SIC code designated as
"primary" by facility on Form R. If no
primary SIC is designated, the field
displays "NR."
Facility's most frequently reported non-
primary 4-digit SIC code.
First 2 digits of facility's primary SIC
code
Choices are:
10, 12,20-39,49,51,73;
MU [for multiple codes among the
two digit codes listed above];
MO [for multiple codes within the
original industries only (20-39)];
MN [for multiple codes within the
expansion industries only (10, 12,
49, 51, 73)]; or
NR [for codes outside the valid
reporting range, NR or INVA].
Select from list.
Select from list.
Enter two digits.
Facility's second most frequently Select from list.
reported non-primary 4-digit SIC code.
First 3 digits of facility's primary SIC Enter three digits.
code
Facility's third most frequently reported Select from list.
non-primary 4-digit SIC code.
Facility's fourth most frequently reported Select from list.
non-primary 4-digit SIC code.
Facility's fifth most frequently reported Select from list.
non-primary 4-digit SIC code.
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D Facility Other
Facility-specific information is used to model air releases from the facility. For example,
unique stack heights are used where available. Stack-specific variables are described in
the following table:
Table 5-9. Facility Other
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Stack Diameter Diameter of facility stack that is emitting the Range is 0.003 to 36.58.
pollutant (m)
Stack Diameter Source Source of information on stack diameter Choices are: Calif [facility-
specific data obtained from
California state database]; EPRI
fac [facility-specific data
provided by the Electric Power
Research Institute]; EPRI med
[the overall median of coal/oil
electric utilities provided by the
Electric Power Research
Institute]; Fac Spec [facility-
specific data obtained from AFS
or NET]; New York [facility-
specific data obtained from New
York state database]; Overall
[median of all facilities obtained
from AFS and NET]; SIC 2dig
[median of all facilities in 2-digit
SIC code obtained from AFS and
NET]; SIC 3dig [median of all
facilities in 3-digit SIC code
obtained from AFS and NET];
Wise [facility-specific data
obtained from Wisconsin state
database].
Height of facility stack that is emitting the Range is 0.3 to 366.96.
pollutant (m)
Stack Height
Stack Height Source
Stack Velocity
Source of information on stack height
See Stack Diameter Source.
Rate at which the pollutant exits the stack Range is 0 to 49.98.
(m/s)
Stack Velocity Source Source of information on stack velocity See Stack Diameter Source.
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D Release
The following table includes variables similar to some of the variables described in the
Elements table. The main difference, however, is that the following variables reflect the
information as reported by facilities to the TRI rather than information specific to the
method used to model releases in the RSEI Model. For example, there is a Media Code
for releases to the air from the facility stack (i.e., Stack Air), but there is no indication of
whether the release occurs in an urban or rural area (a distinction used in the air dispersion
models).
Table 5-10. Release
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Media Text
Descriptions of receiving media
associated with Media Codes
Media Code
Pounds Released
Code associated with the media and/or
method of release
Number of pounds released into this
media (Ibs).
See Table 9-2 in Chapter 9 for
descriptions of Media Codes.
[The descriptions in Table 9-2
are not the exact descriptions
included in the model; it is
recommended that you use the
Media Codes when building
your selection rather than these
media descriptions]
Enter digits using the codes
listed in Table 9-2 in Chapter 9.
Range is 1 to 620,000,000.
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D Submission
Information other than media-specific releases and SIC codes is submitted by facilities to
TRI, and is retained in the model. This information is described in the following table:
Table 5-11. Submission
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
DCN
Max Amount Onsite
Total Pounds to All
Media
Chemical Use Code
Long/Short Form
Year
Unique document control number assigned
by TRI to each submission by a reporting
facility .
Maximum amount of chemical stored on-
site in any given calendar year
Combined releases to all media for each
TRI submission.
Code describing whether chemical is
manufactured, processed, or otherwise
used at the facility.
Code describing whether data was
submitted via the TRI long form or the TRI
short form.
Reporting year of interest.
Enter 13 digits.
Enter digits using the codes
listed in Table 9-4 in Chapter 9.
Range is 1 to 695,010,760.
Enter letter using the codes
listed in Table 9-4 in Chapter 9.
Enter L for long form and S for
short form.
Enter all four digits, e.g., 1997
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D Internal IDs
Numbers assigned within the RSEI Model can be used to identify facilities, chemicals,
and releases. Use the following formats for building selections using these numbers:
Table 5-12. Internal IDs
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/
Possible Values
Element Number
Release Number
Chemical Number
Facility Number
Submission Number
Unique identifier for Indicator Elements.
Unique identifier for facility releases.
Unique identifier for TRI chemicals.
Unique identifier for TRI facilities.
Unique identifier for submissions.
Range is 1 to 3,801,711.
Range is 1 to 2,883,761.
Range is 1 to 615.
Range is 1 to 45,165.
Range is 1 to 1,174,789.
Examples of Complex Selections
The following examples explain how to build complex queries to answer specific
questions. Note than when building a complex query, the order that you list condition
statements does not matter; what does matter is how you bracket them.
Example 1
Suppose you want to look at air releases of chemicals that are Clean Air Act pollutants or
Hazardous Air pollutants. You have already looked at California specifically, so you are
not interested in releases from that state. In addition, you have already looked at benzene
and toluene releases by themselves, so you would like to exclude them, too. Your
selection would look like the following:
O Choose records where all of the following apply
1. Facility Location. State is not equal to CA
2. any of the following apply
2.1. Chemical Flags. HAP Flag is equal to True
2.2. Chemical Flags. CAA Flag is equal to True
3. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is not equal to Benzene
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
4. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is not equal to Toluene
5. any of the following apply
5.1. Release Media.Code is equal to 1
5.2. Release Media.Code is equal to 2
Example 2
Suppose you want to look at a specific industry, for instance paints and allied products,
SIC code 2851. Because reporting facilities are allowed to report up to six 4-digit SIC
codes, to be sure that you select all of the facilities in the industry, it is safest to allow the
selection of a facility with that SIC code in any one of those six fields. Suppose you are
also only interested in releases of OSHA carcinogens, and only those facilities in Texas.
Your period of interest is 1994 to the present, and you want to exclude large facilities that
release over 1,000,000 pounds annually. Your selection would look like the following:
O Choose records where all of the following apply
l.any of the following apply
1.1. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 2851
1.2. Facility Industry. SIC Code 2 is equal to 2851
1.3. Facility Industry.SIC Code 3 is equal to 2851
1.4. Facility Industry. SIC Code 4 is equal to 2851
1.5. Facility Industry.SIC Code 5 is equal to 2851
1.6. Facility Industry. SIC Code 6 is equal to 2851
2. Facility Location. State is equal to TX
3. Chemical Flags.OSHA Carcinogens is equal to True
4. Submission.Total Pounds is less than 1000000
5. Submission. Year is greater than 1993
Example 3
Suppose you want to look at a full trend over time in risk-related scores. As noted
previously, changes have been made to the TRI reporting requirements that need to be
accounted for when doing time trend analyses. The first change is that in 1998 TRI
required facilities in new SIC codes to report. These facilities must be excluded to get an
accurate time trend. The second change is that TRI has added and deleted chemicals from
the list of reportable chemicals, and changed how some chemicals are reported. The RSEI
model includes a Flag called 'Core Chemical,' that marks only those chemicals that have
been reported over the entire time period of TRI reporting with no changes in the details
of their reporting requirements. And, if you are only interested in risk-related scores, you
can limit your selection to the media that are fully modeled (air, direct water, POTW and
off-site incineration releases). Your selection would look like the following:
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
O Choose records where all of the following apply
1. none of the following apply
1.1. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1021
1.2. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1031
1.3. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1041
1.4. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1044
1.5. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1061
1.6. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1099
1.7. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1221
1.8. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1222
1.9. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1231
1.10. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4911
1.11. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4931
1.12. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4939
1.13. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4953
1.14. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 5169
1.15. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 5171
1.16. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 7389
2. Chemical Flags.Core Chemical Flag is equal to True
3. any of the following apply
3.1 Release.Media Code is less than or equal to 3
3.2 Release.Media Code is equal to 6
3.3 Release.Media Code is equal to 750
3.3 Release.Media Code is equal to 754
Because it is always a good idea to exclude the new industries and include only the core
chemicals when doing a time trend analysis, this is a very useful selection. It saves the
need to retype the selection statements each time you do a time trend if you save the first
two statements (everything up to 3. any of the following apply) the first time you type
them, by clicking on the Save button at the top of the Select Elements... screen. To
retrieve the selection, click the Open button, and modify the selection as needed. If you
do not click the Save button after your modifications, only the original part of the
selection will be saved. If you want to save your modifications in addition to your
original statements, simply save the modified selection with a new name.
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Chapter 5: Selecting releases
Example 4
Another possible trend analysis is to look at results over a shorter period of time. As in
any trend analysis, you must account for reporting changes. RSEI provides an easy way
to do short trend from 1995-2000, which is referred to as a mini-trend. They year 1995 is
picked as a starting point because it is the first reporting year after the 1994 expansion of
TRI reporting, where a large number of chemicals were added to the TRI list. For this
selection, you can use the MiniCoreChemicalFlag, which is 'True' for all chemicals with
unchanged reporting requirements over the period 1995-2000. As in the previous
example, you still must account for the 1998 addition of SIC codes. Your selection for a
mini-trend for modeled media only would look like the following:
O Choose records where all of the following apply
1. none of the following apply
1.1. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1021
1.2. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1031
1.3. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1041
1.4. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1044
1.5. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1061
1.6. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1099
1.7. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1221
1.8. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1222
1.9. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1231
1.10. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4911
1.11. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4931
1.12. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4939
1.13. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4953
1.14. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 5169
1.15. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 5171
1.16. Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 7389
2. Chemical Flags.Mini Core Chemical Flag is equal to True
3. any of the following apply
3.1 Release.Media Code is less than or equal to 3
3.2 Release.Media Code is equal to 6
3.3 Release.Media Code is equal to 750
3.3 Release.Media Code is equal to 754
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CHAPTER 6
Displaying Selected Facilities- The Selected Facilities
Browser
Once you have selected the records you would like to analyze using the Select button, you
can view your data in a variety of ways. To see a list of the facilities in the selected dataset
and their locations on a map, choose Selected Facilities Browser from the second row of
options at the top of the screen. You will see a screen with three parts. The top part of the
screen is the list of the facilities selected in your selection. You can group and sort this
list, and expand it to look at specific chemical releases for each facility. The bottom left
part of the screen is the U.S. map. Here you can map your selected facilities, as well as
show the surrounding populations and the concentrations of air releases. The map
information screen at the bottom right provides the buttons which navigate and customize
the map, and displays information about the map's current display. You can resize each of
the sections of the screen by clicking and dragging on the arrows separating each section
of the screen. The following sections describe each part of the screen, and how they
function together to allow you to see the information you need in the most helpful way.
When you open the Selected Facilities Browser, it may take a few minutes to update the
display with the set of selected facilities. Even if your set has not changed, if you open
another screen, then go back to the Selected Facilities Browser, the model will refresh the
screen again, which will take a few minutes to complete. The status bar at the bottom left
of your screen will inform you of what the model is doing.
The Selected Facilities List
The list at the top of the screen shows all the facilities that have at least one release in the
selected set. For each facility, the list shows its TRI facility ID number, the facility name,
the city, state and ZIP code of the facility, its latitude and longitude, and the total score for
the facility in 2000. The default sort order of the list is by TRI Facility ID. However, by
clicking on the header for any column, you can sort the list by that column's variable. A
grayed-out arrow will appear in the right-hand corner of the header to show you that the
list is sorted by that column. Note that if a facility is highlighted before sorting, it will
remain in the display afterward. If you want to see the beginning of your list, use the
arrow buttons to scroll up to the beginning.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
1 9,494 facilities selected
228,889 releases selected
selected
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| Position Cells
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. information
Map Into:
East-West length' 5223.1 km
North-South length' 30B6.1 km
Area:15,962,397" sq km
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Latitude. 39.4 3.20.02N
Longitude: 77.28.10.91 W
Census 1990
X-6621 5
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The Selected Facilities Browser
The list works like a directory tree (such as in Windows Explorer) that you can expand or
collapse by double-clicking on rows (or by clicking on the plus or minus sign at the far left
of a highlighted row). If you double-click on a facility in the list, you will see two entries
below that facility: 'Submissions' and 'Full Facility Record.' Double-click on the 'Full
Facility Record' to get a complete listing of all the information contained in the model
about that particular facility.
To open up a level in the Selected Facilities List, either double-click on the desired
entry, or click on the entry once to highlight it, then click on the plus sign at the far left
of the row. Clicking on a plus sign will not work if the entry is not highlighted first.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
If you double-click on 'Submissions,' you will get a full listing of all of the facility's TRI
submissions. Those submissions that are included in your selected set will be highlighted
in green. The default sort order for these releases is by DCN (the Document Control
Number assigned by TRI), but, like the facility list, you can double-click on any column's
header to sort by that column. For each submission,
this list displays DCN, the year of the submission, the
Submissions are
chemical-specific, but can
include releases to more
than one medium.
Releases are specific to
one medium.
chemical name, its use and Max Onsite codes (see
Chapter 9 for explanations of codes), the total pounds
released, and the inhalation and oral toxicity weight for
the chemical. If you double-click on a submission that
has a nonzero entry for 'Total Pounds,' an entry titled
'Releases' will appear. Double-click on that entry, and
'Media Text' will appear. Double-click on any of the
'Media Text' entries that appears, and the screen will
display an entry called 'Scores.' Double-click on that, and the 'Scores' screen will display
the total pounds, total score, population affected and the score category text. If the score is
zero, the score category text will inform you of the reason the release could not be
modeled.
To return to a previous level, simply click on the minus sign to the left of each entry, and
the entry will be hidden. Either double-click on the entry, or click on the plus sign to show
it again.
If you find a certain facility that you would like more information on and you wish to
make a new selection including that specific facility, you can copy the TRI ID in order to
paste it into the selection statement. Simply highlight the row in the Selected Facilities
List containing the desired TRI ID, and right-click on it. Nothing will noticeably change
in the display. But you can then press Control-C, which will copy the TRI ID to the
Windows clipboard. You can then paste the TRI ID anywhere, including the Select
Elements... screen, or even other programs like Excel, Wordperfect, etc.
Changing the Grouping
The default organization is to list facilities singly. However, if you want to group them,
for instance by state, you can. Just click on the column header that you want to group by,
such as 'State,' and drag it up to the darker gray bar at the top of the screen and drop it
there. Then the list will show an entry for each state in your selection. If you double-click
on a state, the list will expand to show all the facilities in that state. The rest of the list
works as described above.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
You can also group on more than one column variable. For instance, you may want to
group first on state, then on city. Click and drag 'State' first, then 'City' and the model
will show them linked in the gray bar at the top of the screen. The collapsed list will show
all states in your selection. If you click on a state, a list of all cities in that state in your
selection will be displayed. Then if you click on a city, a list of all the facilities in that
state will be displayed.
Version 2.1
Select Export Print Help
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d Submissions
d Full Facility Record
List of Selected Facilities, Grouped by State and City
To return to the default grouping, simply click
and drag the column headers from the gray bar
at the top of the screen back to their original
position.
Using Map Functions
The map is shown in the bottom left of the
'Selected Facilities Browser.' The buttons you
can use to navigate and modify the map are in
the bottom right. The Map works with the
TRI reporting facilities (or on-site
facilities) are those facilities
required by law to report their
emissions to TRI. Off-site
facilities (or receiving facilities)
are facilities, like landfills or
POTWs that do not directly report,
but receive waste from TRI
reporting facilities. The reporting
facilities provide details about the
disposal methods used by the off-
site facilities.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
list of selected facilities at the top of the screen- the facility that is highlighted in that list
will determine what some of the map features display. However, some of the map features
work from the entire selected set. All TRI reporting facilities are shown as purple circles
on the map. Off-site facilities are shown as yellow squares.
Finding a Location (Position)
The default view of the map is the continental U.S. view. Alaska and Hawaii are not
shown in the initial map but are available in other views (see below for details). The
information to the right of the Map View screen describes the current map. You can click
on any part of the map with the mouse.
When the Position button is highlighted the following information is displayed:
Latitude and Longitude refer to the last point where the cursor was placed on the
map (latitude and longitude will change as the cursor is moved);
North-South and East-West express the kilometers that can be viewed along each
axis in the current map;
Area shows the square kilometers shown on the current map, and
Altitude reflects the zoom level of the current map, and is approximately the
kilometers that can be viewed in the width of the screen;
Information shows, in the bottom right-hand window, a list of geographic and
demographic facts about an area on the map that you click on. Facts include the
FIPS code of the state and county, and the name of the facility if a triangle was
clicked on.
Changing the Zoom
Three zoom icons are available for selecting a
position on the map. The Zoom-in icon
will zoom in on the center of the current map.
The Zoom-in icon also allows the user to
select a specific state by clicking on the arrow
to the right of the icon and then the desired
state. The Zoom-out icon
To zoom in, either click the
zoom-in icon, or draw a box with
the cursor around the area you
want to zoom in on, while
holding down the right mouse
button.
zooms out from the current map. Click on the US map
icon
to zoom back to the full continental US view. You can also zoom into a
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
particular area by drawing the diagonal of a square with the cursor while holding down the
right mouse button.
You can move the map by left-clicking on the map and dragging the cursor in the direction
that you want the map to move. There will be a slight time delay as the map adjusts itself.
In this way you can move the map to view Alaska, Hawaii and the territories.
Retrieving Information
To retrieve geographic information about a point on the map, click the Identify icon then
click on any point on the map. In the Information box geographic and demographic data
for the selected point will be displayed. Displayed data include locational information like
latitude and longitude, state, county, and nearby geographic features; population data from
the U.S. Census Bureau (at the grid-cell level); and data on nearby TRI reporting facilities.
(See the tables of variable descriptions in Chapter 6 for an explanation of the information
displayed here.)
Highlighting Selected Facilities
When you open the Selected Facilities Browser, the map will only show the facilities in
your selected set. On-site facilities will be shown as purple circles. Off-site facilities will
be shown as yellow squares. If you click on the 'Toggle highlight of selected facilities,'
the remaining facilities not in your selected set will also be shown. Nonselected on-site
facilities will be shown as light purple circles. Nonselected off-site facilities will be
shown as white squares.
Showing Facility Names
Click on the 'Show/Hide Facility Names' icon to display the names of all facilities (not
just those in your selected set). If your map is zoomed out too far, the names will appear
printed over each other and will be illegible. This function is only useful when you are
zoomed in to a handful of facilities. If you want to perform a selection on the facilities
you currently see displayed, see the next section below. To remove the facility names,
simply click on the button again.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
Selecting a New Set of Facilities by Geographic Location
Clicking on the 'Select all facilities in current view' icon will select all of the TRI facilities
that are currently showing on the map screen. The model will ask if you would like to add
more conditions to your selection; if you would like to limit the selection by other
variables such as year, or chemical, click 'Yes.' The Select elements... screen will appear
where you can modify the selection as desired (the first two statements added by the model
are based on latitude and longitude) and select the displayed facilities. Otherwise click
'No.' When the set of selected facilities is displayed in the ' Selected Facilities Browser,'
the map as you modified it before your selection will still be displayed, so you can
simultaneously see your facilities on the map and then the facilities and their associated
releases and scores in the window above.
Displaying the Map Legend
For help with any of the symbols used on the map, click on the 'Display Legend' icon at
the far right of the row of icons. This will display a pop-up window with short
descriptions of each of the symbols used to represent physical and political entities, such
as roads, streams, and boundary lines for states, counties and tribal lands. To hide the
window once it is displayed, either click on the small 'x' in the upper right corner of the
window, or simply click on anything else on the screen outside the window. The window
can also be moved anywhere else on the screen by clicking and dragging the top title bar.
Displaying Facility Information
Some of the features on the Map screen
work in conjunction with the list of
selected facilities shown at the top of the
screen. The sections below first describe
the icons at the top of the right-hand
screen, then the Cells button, which
displays cell-specific population and
concentration data.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
Locating the Selected Facility
First click on a facility in the selected facilities list at the top of the screen, so it is
highlighted. You can also highlight a particular submission or full facility record for a
facility. Then click on the binoculars icon. The model will zoom in using concentric
circles to show you where the facility is located. If you like, you can then click the zoom
in icon to zoom in to more detail. Additional information about a facility can be displayed
by clicking on the small arrow to the right of the binoculars icon. A drop down menu with
four buttons will appear. 'Stream Path' shows the modeled receiving stream. If there are
no water releases, the model will alert you that, 'Facility has no receiving stream defined.'
If you click on the 'Receiving facility' option, the model will show you where the off-site
facility (if any) that receives waste from your highlighted selection is located. However,
because a facility can send waste to more than one receiving facility, you must first
highlight a specific release. If you do not, the model will prompt you to select one. If
there is an off-site facility, you can also click on 'Stream Path for Receiving Facility' to
see the nearest stream to that off-site facility. To clear either stream path, click 'clear
reach path.'
Displaying Populations and Chemical Concentrations
The last button in the row of icons also works in conjunction with the list of selected
facilities at the top of the screen. Using this button, you can display the population density
and the concentration of air releases for a 50-km square around facilities in the selected
set. Select a facility in the selected facilities list at the top of the screen, so it is
highlighted. You can also
highlight a particular
submission or full facility
record for a facility. Then
click on the grid icon. The
map will show a grid
around your selected facility
with gradations in color
indicating different
population densities. If you
click on a transfer to an off-
site facility in the facilities
list, you can click on the
arrow to the right of the grid
icon, and then click on
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
'Population around receiving facility' in the drop-down menu. This will create the same
kind of grid, but with the off-site facility at the center. Note that the first option in the
drop-down menu, 'Population,' is the same as clicking on the grid icon itself.
You can select any air release
shown on the Selected Facilities
List, whether it is highlighted
green or not.
To model concentrations of fugitive and stack
air releases around your selected facility, you
must first select the release to be modeled.
First double click on your selected facility, and
then double click on 'Submissions.' This will
display all of the chemicals released for your
selected facility for all years. The chemical releases that are included in your selected set
are highlighted in green. Double-click on the chemical you would like to see the
concentration for, click on 'Releases,' and then select a stack or fugitive air release.
Next, click on the 'Concentration' option in the drop-down menu from the grid button.
This will model the air concentrations of the chemical release for all of the grid cells that
have nonzero values. The RSEI model only calculates concentrations out to 50 km, so that
is the maximum size of the plume that will be displayed. The window to the right of the
map will display the facility name, the year of the release, and the total pounds of the
release(s) being modeled. The window will also display the range, mean, sum and
standard deviation of the
cell concentrations in black.
Note that the colors used in
the map are the ones
selected through the
Change Theme button
explained below. The
default is green to blue, but
you can customize it to any
color you would like. The
number and type of class
breaks, however, is fixed
and cannot be changed.
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You can also model
population-weighted concentrations for your
selected release by clicking on the 'Pop
Weighted Cone' option in the drop-down menu.
This is equivalent to Pop*Conc- it does not
include toxicity calculations. Note that this
option is concentration multiplied by total
Version 2.1
When graphing population or
concentrations, you can click
on the 'Show feature outline'
option to see the outlines of
the grid cells.
S. '
1988-2000 TRI data
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
population; subpopulation information is not available in this option. You can model
subpopulations using the Cells button, as described below. To clear the mapped cells,
click the Change Theme button, and select 'None' in the box next to 'Value.' Click OK
and the map will clear.
Cells Button
The RSEI model contains detailed demographic data at the cell level (a 1-km by 1-km grid
cell is the unit of analysis used in the model). In the Cells screen, you can graphically
display demographic data and aggregate air release concentrations. You can even create
and display custom variables based on the data in the model using the Change Theme
button. A variable's range of values will be displayed on the map in graduated color,
allowing you to see differences in population density or level of chemical concentration.
To select a new Theme click the Change Themes button. If you are not zoomed in on a
small enough area, the model will give you a message. Either click the zoom in button to
zoom in on the center of your currently displayed map, or draw a box with the cursor while
holding down the right mouse button to zoom in on that area. The Select Theme... screen
will appear. In the 'Type' box, you can select either 'Population' or 'Concentration.'
There are important differences to note between the grid icon function and the Cells
button. First, the grid icon graphs the population or air release concentration around
the facility whose release is highlighted in the Selected Facilities List, while the Cells
button graphs whatever area is showing on the map when the Cells button is clicked.
Second, when graphing air concentrations, the grid icon function graphs only the air
release selected in the Selected Facilities List. The Cells button graphs the sum of
all of the air releases in the selected set (only those releases highlighted in green in
the Selected Facilities List) that impact the area shown on the map.
If you select 'Population,' you can then graph gradations in total population or various
population subgroups by selecting the appropriate entry in the 'Value' field. If you select a
subgroup, you can then graph that subgroup as a percentage of the total population in each
cell by clicking on the box below the 'Value' field. If you leave that box unchecked, the
total number of people will be graphed. You can also select the year of the demographic
data; the default is 2000.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
If you select 'Concentration'
in the 'Type' field, then in
the 'Value' field you can
select how the releases are
displayed. 'Overlapping
plume count' is a count of
the number of releases
(plumes) that are impacting
each cell shown in the
current display. Note that
this is a count of releases,
not the concentrations
resulting from these
overlapping releases. 'Tox
weighted cone,' is the chemical
concentration times the chemical's
toxicity weight. The Tox*Pop*Conc
subpopulation variables show the
product of the chemical's
concentration, its toxicity weight, and
the specified subpopulation in each
cell.
You can accept the default class breaks,
or you can select how you want the
data gradations displayed by breaking
the range of possible values into classes. In the 'Number of Classes' box, select how
many classes you want your data broken down into. The higher number of classes you
select, the more detailed gradations in color you will see on the map. However, if your
data has a small range and you select a high number of classes, you may end up with
several classes that start and end with the same value (depending on what kind of class
break you select, see below). It may be necessary to try several different combinations of
class number and class break type to create the desired graph.
'Class Break Type' determines the method used by the model to break the variable's range
into classes. The following options are available:
Range. This method takes the range of the values, and, using the number of class
breaks you selected, splits the range so that all intervals are of equal size.
The model will only graph the
concentrations that are included in your
set of selected releases. For instance, if
you selected all releases in Georgia in
2000, and then try to graph
concentrations in New York, the model
will not create a graph. Similarly, you
must select a year that is included in
your set.
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Chapter 6: Displaying Selected Facilities
Percentile. This method takes the range of the values, and, using the number of
class breaks you selected, splits the range into intervals so that the number of cells
falling into each interval is equal.
Standard Deviation. This method shows you how much a cell's value differs
from the mean. The model finds the mean of all cells, then, using the number of
class breaks you selected, sets the intervals at either one or some fraction of a
standard deviation until all the data are included in a class.
The three buttons at the bottom of the Select Theme screen determine the colors used in
the map display. The model automatically displays gradations of color between the 'Start'
color and the 'End' color. The default color scheme is blue to green; however, you can
change the two colors as desired.
After all of the options are selected, click OK, and the model will graphically display the
variable on the map. Note that graphing air concentrations can take a considerable amount
of time (up to ten minutes) because the model actually runs the air modeling program each
time. To the right of the map, the model will display the current theme and the range,
mean, sum, and standard deviation of the variable you selected for the geographic area
shown on the map. The units for graphing population are the number of people per 1 km2
grid cell. The units for concentration are
In the box under those statistics, the model will show the class breaks, and the colors used
to display them on the map. To select the members of any particular class, simply click on
that line in the box, and all of members of that class will be highlighted in yellow on the
map. You can only highlight one class at a time - the model will deselect the previously
highlighted class if another one is clicked on in the window.
If you wish to change any of the options you have chosen, simply click on the 'Change
Themes' button again and modify the desired options.
To clear any graphing from the map (whether graphed using the grid icon or the
Cells button), you can click on the Cells button, then click on the Change Themes
button. Select 'None' from Value' dialog box. The map will clear all graphed
.values. .
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CHAPTER 7
Snapshots of Selected Releases- Summary and Thematic
Maps
The Summary and Thematic Maps buttons, found in the second row of menu buttons,
provide quick standard ways to look at the set of releases you selected using the Select
button. The Summary button lets you quickly see graphs of total score and pounds by
year, and year by media, as well as ranked lists of chemicals released and facilities. These
options are frequently requested analyses, but may not be exactly what you want. More
customized functions can be found under the Custom Tables button, as explained in
Chapter 8.
The Summary Button
There are five options under the Summary button. Each is explained below.
Total by Year
This button brings up a
Preformatted graph that
shows the combined score
and pounds for all releases
in the selected set. There
are two bars for each year in
your selection. The red bar
on the left displays the total
score for the year indicated
underneath the bars. The
total score is shown in a
yellow box above the bar,
and is measured using the
scale on the left side of the
graph. The green bar on the
right displays total pounds
for the year indicated. The
total score is shown in a
yellow box above the bar, and is measured using the scale on the right side of the graph.
your selection only includes one year, the graph will only show the two bars.
Total by Year Summary Graph
If
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Chapter 7: Snapshots of Selected Releases
Year by Media
This button uses the same
color scheme and scales as
Total by Year But in
this case the horizontal
axis shows media instead
of year. The graph only
shows one year at a time,
which can be changed in
the'Select Year' box
located above the graph.
Year by Media Summary Graph
Chemical Rank
This button shows all of
the chemicals in the set of
selected releases, ranked in
order of highest score (risk-
related result) first. This
table only shows one year
at a time, which can be
changed in the 'Select
Year' box at the top of the
screen.
Chemical Rank Summary Table
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Chapter 7: Snapshots of Selected Releases
Facility Rank
This button shows all of
the facilities in the selected
set, ranked in order of
highest score (risk-related
result) first. This table
only shows one year at a
time, which can be
changed in the 'Select
Year' box at the top of the
screen.
County Rank
This button shows all of the
facilities in the selected set,
ranked in order of highest
score (risk-related result)
first. This table only shows
one year at a time, which
can be changed in the
' Select Year' box at the top
of the screen.
Facility Rank Chemical Table
County Rank Summary Table
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Chapter 7: Snapshots of Selected Releases
The Thematic Maps Button
This button allows you to quickly see geographic differences for different themes. At the
top of the screen, you can select the year that you want to map, whether you would like to
do it at the state or county level, and the theme you would like to display. You can display
the total score for each county or state for that year, the score for population subgroups,
This button shows all of the facilities in the selected set, ranked in order of highest score
(risk-related result) first. This table only shows one year at a time, which can be changed
in the 'Select Year' box at the top of the screen, the total pounds released for each county
or state, or the total number of releases, facilities or chemicals for each county or state.
When you select a theme, the model will automatically display it on the map. You can
zoom in to a specific area by drawing a box with the cursor while holding down the right
mouse button. You can zoom back out using the button above the map. You can pan the
map to see Alaska, Hawaii, or the territories by clicking and dragging the map. The
legend in the window on the lower left shows the range of values and their corresponding
colors. The text above it displays the range, mean, sum, and standard deviation for the
national distribution. Adjacent to the theme selection, you can see the value for your
selected theme wherever you currently have the cursor placed. If you click on the ' Show
feature outlines' option, the map will display the state or county boundaries in black, to
clearly outline states and counties.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
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Chapter 7: Snapshots of Selected Releases
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Mean: 1.097.030
Sura- 55.948.63')
Std Dew 1.574081
No data j |
(Value of-99.00 displayed)
311.5
3145-11 493
11.493-46.051
48.051-136,603
136.603-345,293
315.293-569.810
569,810-671,525
674,525-871,217
871,217-1,572.960
1,572,960-7,045,333
Thematic Map, Showing Score by State
The model may take a few minutes to load the Thematic Map. The map will use whatever
color scheme you have selected in the Change Theme dialog box (in the Selected
Facilities Browser). The number and type of class breaks is fixed and cannot be changed.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
7-5
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CHAPTER 8
Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
The Custom Tables button allows for the display of information in many different ways.
Like the Selected Facilities Browser, custom tables work from the dataset selected using
the Select button.
You can construct a table using any variables in the model (including variables that were
not used in your selection), change the rows and columns, examine different statistics, sort
the data, and cut the data in many different ways.
Creating a New Table
Click New Table to create a new table based on your selected data. This will bring up the
Select Dimensions dialog. Here you can select the variables that will be displayed in your
new table. The variable names are in the format Category.Variable. There are five
categories: Chemical, Facility, Submission, Release, and Element. Each variable is
associated with a category. For instance, Chemical.CAS Number refers to the CAS
number variable, which is in the 'Chemical' category. Check the boxes next to the
variable name to include the variable in your crosstab table. There is no firm upper limit
on how many variables you can select. It depends on how many values each variable can
show, and how much data will be displayed on the screen. If your table is too large or too
complicated to be displayed you will see a 'list index out of bounds' error, and the model
will not display the table. However, the table is often completed, and can be found in the
C:\Program FilesVRSEIYUser directory, as a Paradox table with .db extension.
Enter a name for your table in the box at the bottom of the screen. Note that file names
cannot include any of the following characters: forward slash (/), backslash (\), greater-
than sign (>), less-than sign (<), asterisk (*), question mark (?), quotation mark ("), pipe
symbol (|), colon (:), or semicolon (;). If you attempt to enter any of these characters, the
model will not accept it. If this is not your first table, the name must be different than the
previous table; the model will not overwrite what is currently showing. The table will be
saved to the C:\Program Files\RSEI\User directory as a Paradox table with a .db extension.
The model will make the first variable selected the column variable, and the rest will be
row variables; however, you can change the order once the table is displayed (see
Modifying the Table, below). Hit Run!, and the table will be displayed in the window.
Depending on how big your selected dataset is and how complicated the table you
requested is, it may take anywhere from 30 seconds to 30 minutes to display the table.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-1
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Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
The new table is saved so that it can be loaded for future use. You can click the New
Table button again to make a different table (using the same set of selected facilities).
The row and column options you selected previously will still be checked, so be sure to
deselect them if you do not want them included in your next table. The name of the table
currently showing appears to the right of the third row of menu buttons.
Selected Facilities Browsef Summaiy ThefriatieMaps i CustomTebies
1.342 facilities selected
52,856 releases selected
77,652 elements selected
193S-20CO EPA Region 1 State by Media by Year
₯§jug Selected
Table Graph Sorted Table
Risk-related Results
I
Value
1998
1996
189?
CT
1 Fugitive Air 1 50.904
2 Slock Air
3Dite«Watet
BPOTWTranafi
Sum
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3 Direct Water
6POTWTransf<
Sum
1 Fugitive Air
2 StsckAir
3 Di red Water
85.426
204,688
42,123
483.6*:
279.175
93,151
178,369
14,709
565,104
284,557
158.621
155,223
MA
161.217
143,924
2,392
29,294
:i i :
336.627
82,037
88.241
i ' '':
2.195
12.062
184.536
58,335
136,488
1,333
ME
33,652
! -":;
38.937
140.9
305.3
73,035
13.944
37,575
182.3
1.630
53,332
11.762
31.219
246.5
NH
19.224
', !' :
12,446
i ''- -' ': -:
657.3
1,522
33,849
103.080
14.087
j ' - . i
1,058
'''-' -'
1.822
! : : -
120.047
103,765
12.122
i .-:
4,741
Rl
22,299
7.319
1,629
9,165
40411
21.427
6.398
2,189
6,381
36,395
5,876
5.919
1,720
VT
107.2
3,012
11.65
': - - -
62.56
3,1 33
81.29
3.011
6.979
163.0
3.262
50.63
272.9
20.69
Sum
387,403
291.063
209.719
82,772
970,958
499.744
242,463
184.000
36.768
962,975
464 345
344.643
163,284
fj
Custom Crosstab Table
Note that when your new table is displayed, it may show only one row variable and one
column variable. Any additional row and column variables that you have selected may be
hidden. Click on the small yellow plus sign on the right side of the row variable to show
the additional variables. The table is fully expanded when the last row or column does not
show a small yellow plus sign on its right edge. It will be faster to re-display your table if
you leave the row and column variables hidden when not viewing them. The values in
black in the table represent the value as shown in the 'Value selected' box. For instance, if
the box displays 'Risk-related,' the value in black in each cell is the risk-related score.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-2
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Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
The value in red beneath it is the Total Percent, that is, the percent of the total value of the
table for that summary that is contributed by that cell. You can remove the Total Percent
display or add additional percentage displays by using the Options button. See below for
details.
Loading a Table
Every new table that you create and name is saved to your hard drive, in the C:\Program
Files\RSEI\User directory. To load any table you have previously created, simply click on
the Load Table button, and select the desired table. Note that loading a table will only
change the data in the Custom Table functions (New Table, Graph and Sorted Table
functions). The last underlying set that you selected using the Select button will still be
the active set for all the other functions. To see the set that was used in the generation of
the table that is presently loaded, click on the table name, and you will see a window with
the selection statements used for that set. Remember if you want to see the selection being
used for all of the other functions, you can click on the text displaying the number of
selected facilities, releases, and elements in the upper right corner of your screen, to see
the selection statements for that set.
Once you have loaded the table, you can modify it as you would any new table you create.
Modifying the Table View
To switch the rows and columns, f-.. .. .. ..TT
. . .. . , , ' To switch a row variable with a column
simply click and drag one row or variab|e ^ versg ^ gnd
column heading over the heading of hegd Qf Qne varjab|e apd jt
the row or column heading you would top Qf the Qther headj Jo mQve Qne
like to switch with it. Hold down the varjab|e c|jck apd drg the headj
mouse button until a double arrow I drQp jt next to another headjng
sign appears over the heading . Then V /
release the mouse button and drop the
heading. To move columns or rows, click on the heading of the row or column you want
to move, and drag it next to the row or column heading where you would like to add it,
until you see two arrows pointing at each other. Then release the mouse button. Note that
you can only move variables that are open and showing. However, it will increase the
speed of moving rows and columns if you collapse any variables that are not being moved.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-3
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
Start i
! Summary
NonHEiB|%CBlli:3
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648,678
387,716
349,961
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336,827
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166.687
150,581
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213,398
1 71 3
1,299.071
ME
73,035
drag!f|8§
44,893
44.338
34,229
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30,736
260,562
witcn Tor coiur
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NH
33.819
headW^
122,833
121,110
36,120
36,118
3833,3
475.107
Rl
40,411
36.395
22,609
21,911
20,451
17,979
159,755
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nake into a new column
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3.193 970,958
3,262 962.975
354.0 1,053.810
30366 J1.3S
467,9 747,230
393,6 593.758
286.3 840,291
3-rm -3 -i
7.957 5,177,022
:j | -i j " j j y
|
To collapse rows or columns, click on the yellow circle with a minus sign immediately to
the left of the row you want to collapse, or immediately above the column you want to
collapse. Clicking on a minus sign collapses every row or column after it (i.e., closer to
the middle of the table). If, for instance, you have three row variables, and you click on
the leftmost minus sign (to the left of the first variable name), you will collapse all of the
rows, and table will show only the totals for each column variable. If you click on the
minus sign to the right of the first row variable name, you will collapse the second and
third row variables.
When a row or column is hidden, the minus sign will change to a plus sign; click on the
plus sign to restore the row or column. If a following row or column was collapsed when
the preceding row or column was collapsed, the following column will remain that way
when the preceding one is restored. Click on the following row or column's plus sign to
restore that one as well.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
8-4
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
Efaoiilfei
! Faoiifei I Sum may Tlsm sic Maps ; j CustcmTable
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1
Risk-related Results
Tabl
Cli
Clicksbars to collar
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
parameters. Click on the box next to any of the values that you would like to see displayed
in the table, then click Apply Filters. The Crosstab table will be shown, using only the
values you selected for the variables you modified. To remove the filter, click Filter
again, then click Clear this filter, then Apply Filters. Filters for multiple variables can
be selected, at the same time, or in succession. Simply click on each variable in the Set
Filter dialog, and then select the values you are interested in. You can clear one filter by
highlighting the variable in the top window, then clicking Clear this filter. Clear all
filters by simply clicking Clear all filters.
The filters in effect at any time are shown at the bottom of the Set Filter dialog.
Value selected
In this window you can select how you want to express the data in your table. You can
choose from pounds-based, hazard-based, or full risk-related results. Each option gives a
different perspective on the reported releases and transfers. Descriptions of these
selections are:
Count of Elements. This number reflects the total number of individual Indicator
Elements.
Count of Releases. This number reflects the total number of individual releases.
The number of releases for some media is slightly less than the number of
elements, because some releases (such as those to surface water) end up partitioned
between two or more pathways (fish ingestion and drinking water in the case of
surface water).
Count of Facilities. This is the total number of facilities.
TRI Pounds. This number reflects the number of pounds released or transferred
that are reported to the Toxics Release Inventory for the exposure pathway being
considered.19
TRI Pounds with Toxicity Weights. This value shows only TRI pounds for the
chemicals that have toxicity weights. This value differs from Modeled Pounds
because it includes those chemicals which have toxicity weights regardless of
whether they have physicochemical properties.
Hazard. This value is TRI pounds multiplied by the toxicity weight of the
chemical appropriate for the exposure pathway selected. The inhalation toxicity
19 When 'Element.Category Code' or 'Element.Category Text' is used as column or row variable in a
custom table, the TRI Pounds shown for the direct water, POTW effluent, and fish ingestion categories are modeled
apportionments of the total pounds for a direct water release. While these apportionments will sum to the correct
total for a water release, the ratio of score categories is only for modeling purposes.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-6
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Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
weight is used for releases or transfers to media 1 (fugitive air), media 2 (stack air),
media 750 (off-site incineration), and media 754 (off-site incineration- no fuel
value). The oral toxicity weight is used for releases and transfers to media 3 (direct
water) and 6 (transfers to POTWs) (see Table 9-2 for a list of modeled media).
For releases that are not modeled (because the pathway is not modeled or because
other necessary data, such as physicochemical properties, are lacking), the higher
toxicity weight is used.
Modeled Pounds. This number reflects the number of pounds released or
transferred (TRI Pounds) that can be modeled. Reasons that releases may not be
able to be modeled include lack of physicochemical information required for
exposure modeling or lack of toxicity weights.
Modeled Hazard. This value is modeled pounds multiplied by the toxicity
weight of the chemical appropriate for the exposure pathway selected. It does not
measure how the chemical moves through the environment and comes in contact
with an individual. The inhalation toxicity weight is used for releases or transfers
to media 1 (fugitive air), media 2 (stack air), media 750 (off-site incineration), and
media 754 (off-site incineration- no fuel value). The oral toxicity weight is used
for releases and transfers to media 3 (direct water) and 6 (transfers to POTWs) (see
Table 9-2 for a list of modeled media).
Modeled Hazard*Pop. This value is the number of modeled pounds multiplied
by the toxicity weight of the chemical appropriate for the exposure pathway
selected and by the population potentially exposed. The inhalation toxicity weight
is used for releases or transfers to media 1 (fugitive air), media 2 (stack air), media
750 (off-site incineration), and media 754 (off-site incineration- no fuel value).
The oral toxicity weight is used for releases and transfers to media 3 (direct water)
and 6 (transfers to POTWs) (see Table 9-2 for a list of modeled media). Also note
that Modeled Hazard*Pop uses total population only, and is not available for
subpopulations.
Risk-related Results - Children Under 10. This value is the product of the
surrogate dose (estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight,
and the population under 10 years of age. The pounds used in this result differ
from the pounds used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value)
because the fate and transport of the chemical pounds have been modeled and
exposure assumptions have been made.
Risk-related Results - Children 10 to 17. This value is the product of the
surrogate dose (estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight,
and the population from to 17 (inclusive) years of age. The pounds used in this
result differ from the pounds used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a
smaller value) because the fate and transport of the chemical pounds have been
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-7
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
modeled and exposure assumptions have been made. Also note that Modeled
Hazard*Pop uses total population only, and is not available for subpopulations.
Risk-related Results - Males 18 to 44. This value is the product of the surrogate
dose (estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the
male population from 18 to 44 (inclusive) years of age. The pounds used in this
result differ from the pounds used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a
smaller value) because the fate and transport of the chemical pounds have been
modeled and exposure assumptions have been made. Also note that Modeled
Hazard*Pop uses total population only, and is not available for subpopulations.
Risk-related Results - Females 18 to 44. This value is the product of the
surrogate dose (estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight,
and the female population from 18 to 44 (inclusive) years of age. The pounds used
in this result differ from the pounds used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a
smaller value) because the fate and transport of the chemical pounds have been
modeled and exposure assumptions have been made.
Risk-related Results -Adults 65 and Older. This value is the product of the
surrogate dose (estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight,
and the population over 65 years of age. The pounds used in this result differ from
the pounds used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value) because
the fate and transport of the chemical pounds have been modeled and exposure
assumptions have been made.
Risk-related Results. This value is the product of the surrogate dose (estimated
using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the population. The
pounds used in this result differ from the pounds used for Modeled Hazard*Pop
(and may be a smaller value) because the fate and transport of the chemical pounds
have been modeled and exposure assumptions have been made.
Examples of useful comparisons among the above results include:
1. TRI Pounds vs. TRI Pounds (with toxicity)
This comparison allows you to determine the proportion of total TRI Pounds
released that are associated with chemicals that have toxicity weights. This
proportion may be somewhat different than the overall proportion of TRI
chemicals that have toxicity weights. For example, 50% of a given set of TRI
chemicals may have toxicity weights. However, it is possible that 80% of the TRI
Pounds released for the same set of chemicals may be associated with chemicals
that have toxicity weights.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-8
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
2. TRI Pounds vs. Modeled Pounds
This comparison allows you to determine the proportion of chemical releases for
which risk-related impacts can be estimated using the Risk-related option.
3. Hazard vs. Modeled Hazard
This comparison shows you (a) the amount of toxi city-weighted releases associated
with chemicals that have toxi city weights versus (b) the amount of toxi city-
weighted releases for chemicals that have both toxicity weights and
physicochemical data that are used to model exposure. An important difference
between this comparison and the comparison in example (2) above is that this
comparison addresses only those chemicals that have toxicity weights.
4. Modeled Hazard vs. Modeled Hazard * Pop
This comparison allows you to determine the extent to which total population
contributes to the result. However, no exposure modeling is considered in this
crude approximation.
Within the model, you can only display one type of summary in a custom table at a time.
However, if you export the table to another format such as Microsoft Excel or Lotus 1-2-3,
you can work with all of the data at once. Simply click on the Export button at the top of
the screen (see below for details on exporting).
Options
These selections allow you to modify how values are expressed in the table.
! Normalization
For any of the summaries selected except 'TRI Pounds,' you can choose to normalize the
RSEI. Click Options, then 'Normalization,' then 'National.' The value shown in each
cell is that cell's portion of the national value for that year, divided by the total value for
1988 and multiplied by 100,000. In this way, each national summary (i.e., Risk-related,
Modeled Hazard) for 1988 is 100,000, and any other selection is displayed as a percentage
of that.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-9
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
! Cell Display
This option will display additional values in your table (underneath each current cell
value) that shows how that cell's value contributes to different portions of the aggregate
table value. The default display includes the first three options listed below, Total Percent,
Column Percent, and Row Percent. To turn them off, simply click on each one to remove
the check mark. Clicking on them again will turn them back on. The box in the upper left
corner of the table shows the color of each cell display option.
Total Percent. The percent contribution of the current cell to the total table sum.
For instance, if the 'Risk-related' summary is selected, a cell's total percent value
(shown in red) would be that cell's risk-related score divided by the sum of all
cells. The sum of all the cells in the table is shown in the bottom right corner in
black.
Row Percent. The percent contribution of the current cell to the total row sum. If
the 'Risk-related' summary is selected, a cell's row percent value (shown in green)
would be that cell's risk-related score divided by the sum of all cells in that row, as
shown in far right cell in that row, in black.
Column Percent. The percent contribution of the current cell to the total column
sum. If the 'Risk-related' summary is selected, a cell's total percent value (shown
in blue) would be that cells risk-related score divided by the sum of all cells in the
column, as shown in the bottom cell in the column in black.
Percentile. The percentile that the cell's value falls into, when all of the cell
values in the table are taken into account.
Rank. The cell's rank, from highest (1) to lowest, of all of the cell values in the
table.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-10
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
Graph
The Graph function allows you to quickly create a pre-formatted graph based on the
current Custom Table. The Graph works from your current display, not from the
underlying table, so if columns or rows are collapsed, they will not be included. Also, if
you have used the filter to select certain values of your variables, the excluded variables
will not be shown on the graph. Whatever summary statistic (TRI pounds, Risk-related,
etc.) is showing will be used. You can go back and forth between the two screens.
Anything you change in the Custom Table will automatically be updated and displayed in
the Graph
1J«fcnlliiSBiBCttit
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JEjgFgojMjiJ p jj
11995
11996
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11998
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11
Flli 1 EPA 1 Sf % Oli
Custom Graph
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
8-11
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
If your table is very large or contains many variables, the model will attempt to graph it,
but the graph may not legible. If this is the case, simply collapse rows and/or columns, or
use the Filter option to reduce the number of values that need to be displayed on the
graph.
If you choose to print your graph (using the Print button at the top of the screen), you can
add a title for it by clicking on the Edit Title button above the graph, and typing in the
desired text.
The footnote that will be printed on your Graph is shown in blue below the graph. The
default footnote shows the RSEI model version number, the file name of your table, and
the model selection (summary) that is being graphed. You can change this footnote by
clicking the Edit Footnote button above the graph, and typing in the desired text.
You can change the font size for both the title and the footnote in the box above the graph.
Sorted Table
The Sorted Table option allows you to display your table in the form of a sorted list. Like
the Graph function, the Sorted Table works from whatever you have displayed on the
Custom Table at the time. Each table cell showing is given one entry in the list, which is
sorted in descending order. The value for that statistic (i.e., if it is TRI Pounds it would be
the total number of pounds in that cell) is shown in the 'Value' column, and the then that
cell's percent of the total is shown in the 'Percent' column. The cumulative values and
percents are presented in the next two columns.
The Sorted Table is very useful when looking at large complicated tables. It shows very
quickly what cells are of most concern, and for how much of the total the top few entries
are responsible. If you have a table with several row variables, for instance, you can
quickly zoom in on the area of most concern by collapsing the table to one row and one
column, and then clicking Sorted Table to find which value of the first row or column
variable is of most concern. Then you can expand the table and look at a more detailed
breakdown for that value.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-12
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
Sulsct
| Ss
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t 1 ^Hiipl ^D?*SJ ^J5E!!!LJ Itjifi
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**L\ j£!"!If1tll!J ^z!5fJ ^?B!5fJ 1 m~mm EPA n"ttm ' Slali * *i*«s
isi§ctid JRisk-reiated Results _J
id
id
id
jPank State Year Value Percent Cumulative Value Cumulative Percent *
Imp
2CT
3 CT
4 CT
5 CT
6 CT
7 MA
8 MA
9 MA
10 MA
11 MA
12 MA
13 NH
14 NH
15 NH
16 ME
17 ME
18 ME
19 ME
20 R!
21 NH
22 Rl
I*
1997 648.677746
12.53 648,677.746 12.53
1996 565,403821 10.921 1,211.081566 23.151
2000 519.143.992 10.023 1.733.225.559 33.479
1995 483,642.001
1998 387.715847
1999 343,983.574
1995 336,826.578
2000 243998351
1997 214,441.442
1996 184,535.648
1998 168.687222
1999 150,581.337
1998 124,110.093
1997 122.832696
1996 120,046.73
1995 73,035.427
1996 53.331 855
1997 44.892.601
1998 44,337.683
1995 40.411.206
1999 38,120.177
1996 36.334.511
3.342 2,216.067.56 42.821
7.489 2,604,583 406 50.31
676 2.954.566.361 57.071
6.506 3.291.393.558 63.577
4713 3.535,391.912 68.29
4.142 3.749.836.354 72.432
3.565 3,334.372.092 75.937
3258 4.103059224 79.255
2.909 4.253.640. 6S1 82.164
2.337 4,377,750,66 84.561
2.373 4.500.583356 86.934
2.319 4,620,630.087 89.253
1.411 4,693,665.514 30,663
1.03 4.746.997.369 91.694
0.867 4.791.88397 92.561
0.856 4.836,227.653 33417
0781 4,676.638.658 94.198
0.736 4,914.759036 94.934
0.703 4,951.153.547 95637
aaJ
w-'l
Memory: 9,34* fcb
Exporting Tables
Any table can be exported to a variety of formats, including Dbase, Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft
Excel, and text. Exporting can be very useful for a variety of reasons. One of the most
common uses is to be able to compare the different model summaries, as listed above
under Value selected. The advantage in using exported tables is that all of the summaries
are visible at the same time, so you can compare them, and make new calculations with
them.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
8-13
-------
Chapter 8: Analyzing Selected Releases
MS
_
__
4
5
i;
7
T
__
10
11
12
13
14
__
16
17
18
19
20
__
22
23
24
25
26
__
28
29
30
31
'"32
33
SansSerif ,8 . : B / U » « » |U * % j il.1l SPfF i _ * *> * A. .
E6 jj S"Z23
State
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
..SiUUA.....
MLJULJN
Ready
BC D E 1 F 6 H 14 Kit
Year
1995
1995
1995
1995
1936
1996
1896
1996
1997
1997
1997
1997
1898
1998
1998
1998
1999
1899
1398
1999
2000
2000
2000
2000
1995
1995
1995
1995
1996
1896
1996
MediaTeut
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stock Aii
3 Direct Water
6 POTW Transi
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Ail
3 Direct Water
6 POTW Transi
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3DnectWater
GPOTWTrantf
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stock Aii
3 Direct Water
6 POTW Transi
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3 Direct Water
6 POTW Transi
1 FugiliveAir
2 Stack Air
3 Direct Water
6 POTW Transi
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stock Aii
3 Direct Water
6 POTW Trans!
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Ail
3 Direct Water
Count of Elements
569
523
543
1081
532
477
512
990
458
430
490
1021
506
505
521
1058
466
452
473
1073
457
458
486
911
712
698
172
1565
656
633
141
1 9961 6 POTW Trand _ia£
Count of Releases [Count ol Facilities
568J 226
523 202
199| 61
223]| 80
532
477
184
201
459
430
174
214
506
505
187
221
466
452
171
229
457
458
174
196
712
639
78
331
656
638
63
212
217
190
63
86
196
177
60
34
195
188
66
83
185
172
69
97
175
165
64
86
285
280
38
160
260
259
35
TRI Pounds
2965513
5094680
2221818
1630361.8
2757279
4294380
1034875
1415550.1
2370782
3369552
1118471
1586383.1
1863389
3760170
995955
1586868.2
1467326
3144495
1014258
1620000.7
1547670
2859446
815910
2501670.1
2937767
5284824
257200
7634366
2471594
4281854
252984
152LEJ34J£H1
TRI Pounds with Toxoty Weights
2915495
4745216
2220699
1618341.927
2687688
4004023
1033745
1406327.107
2331341
3158132
1116956
1584331.108
1836556
3541529
994524
1576245.207
1369644
2966032
1012803
1813760.698
1404467
2772887
814910
2496857121
2833398
5163299
257200
7258538.202
2373417
4204221
252984
6409129279
< 1
Hazard
6E*08
7Et08
2Et07
4Et07
8E+08
7E*08
2E*07
4Et07
8E<-08
1E*08
2E*07
6E+07
6EtOS
2E*09
SE-i-07
3E*07
6E*08
1E*03
7E*06
8E<-07
5Et08
2E*08
7E*06
6E*0?
1E*09
1E*09
1E*06
5E*07
3E+OS
6E*08
3E»06
Modeled Pounds
29154S5
4745216
2151008
878489.3331
2687688
4004023
953759
732094.6846
2331341
3159132
1034317
1003608.278
1836556
3541529
882751
802642.7255
1369644
2966032
773327
746842.3634
1404467
2772887
679203
542922.3619
2833398
5183299
237216
3743187.766
2373417
4204221
231415
Modeled Hazard
564144266
663429664,5
21175373.57
42319804.24
805464363.6
650297341.9
16502008.43
36315334.35
838064024.9
1233644689
16351634.34
61538758.25
635036060.8
2259678620
26188950.67
33639504.79
603125735.4
1141584101
6867832.03
43302550.35
496585827.6
1668397071
6830658.99
35981455.46
1098181780
1015532950
732260.59
43522439.57
761166310.5
584721078
627447.85
Modeled HazaidTop
1.62E*15
1.74E*15
3.92223Et11
1.2331 6Et13
2.36E+15
1.70E4-15
5.1B58E*11
1,03576E*13
2.33Ei-15
3.39E*15
390062E*11
1.33821E+13
1.98Etl5
8.04E*15
4.383E+11
1.26747E*13
2.01E+15
5.60E*15
3.03337E*11
1.36044E<-13
1.62Et15
6.08E*15
247?64E*11
1.021 62E+13
4.24E*15
3.38E*15
93109765924
1 72005E*13
2.88E+15
1.77E*15
88134936310
2E*-07l ,v 264J322L4JIL JM6JJJ2Z|L4l Uifi!2&t13
^
*»
ss
s
HI
Hi
Si
H
in
M
££
Si
Sf
r
Custom Table Exported to Excel
To export a table, click on the Export button. Select the file type. Depending on what
type you select, some options will be grayed out and some will be active. Select the
options you would like of the ones that are active. Name the file in the 'Export to file'
box, and click the file icon next to the name box to select a directory for your saved file.
The C:\Program Files\RSEI\User directory is a convenient place provided to store model
output files. Click OK, and the file will be saved in the C:\Program Files\RSEI\User
directory.
Note that file names cannot include any of the following characters: forward slash (/),
backslash (\), greater-than sign (>), less-than sign (<), asterisk (*), question mark (?),
quotation mark ("), pipe symbol (|), colon (:), or semicolon (;). If you attempt to enter any
of these characters, the model will not accept it. The screen below shows a crosstab table
exported to Excel. Note that all of the summaries are listed (not just the summary shown
on the screen when the table was exported). Unlike other custom table functions, the table
export does not change with what is shown on the screen at the time.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002
8-14
-------
Printing Tables
Any table can also be printed. Simply click Print on the top menu, and the currently
displaying table will print to your installed default printer. Note that large complicated
tables may not print well directly from the program. If this is the case, it may be easier to
first export the table to a database or spreadsheet program where more formatting is
possible, and then print it from that program.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 8-15
-------
CHAPTER 9
Additional Information
Table 9-1 presents the 2-digit and 3-digit SIC codes and corresponding industries that are
required to report their releases to the Toxics Release Inventory. All facilities within 2-
digit SIC codes 20-39 are required to report, whereas only selected facilities within SIC
codes 10, 12, 49, 51, and 73 are required to report.
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
10* Metal Mining
102 Copper Ores
103 Lead and Zinc Ores
104 Gold and Silver Ores
106 Feroalloy Ores, except Vanadium
108 Metal Mining Services
109 Miscellaneous Metal Ores (limited to 4-digit code #1099)
12* Coal Mining
122 Bituminous Coal and Lignite Mining
123 Anthracite Mining
20 Food and Kindred Products
201 Meat Products
202 Dairy Products
203 Canned, Frozen, and Preserved Fruits, Vegetables, and Food Specialties
204 Grain Mill Products
205 Bakery Products
206 Sugar and Confectionery Products
207 Fats and Oils
208 Beverages
209 Miscellaneous Food Preparations and Kindred Products
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-1
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
21 Tobacco Products
211 Cigarettes
212 Cigars
213 Chewing and Smoking Tobacco and Snuff
214 Tobacco Stemming and Redrying
22 Textile Mill Products
221 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
222 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade Fiber and Silk
223 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool (Including Dyeing and Finishing)
224 Narrow Fabric and Other Smallwares Mills: Cotton, Wool, Silk, and Manmade Fiber
225 Knitting Mills
226 Dyeing and Finishing Textiles, Except Wool Fabrics and Knit Goods
227 Carpets and Rugs
228 Yarn and Thread Mills
229 Miscellaneous Textile Goods
23 Apparel and Other Finished Products Made from Fabrics and Similar Materials
231 Men's and Boys' Suits, Coats, and Overcoats
232 Men's and Boys' Furnishings, Work Clothing, and Allied Garments
233 Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Outerwear
234 Women's, Misses', Children's, and Infants' Undergarments
235 Hats, Caps, and Millinery
236 Girls', Children's, and Infants' Outerwear
237 Fur Goods
238 Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessories
239 Miscellaneous Fabricated Textile Products
24 Lumber and Wood Products, Except Furniture
Version 2~11988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-2
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
241 Logging
242 Sawmills and Planing Mills
243 Millwork, Veneer, Plywood, and Structural Wood Members
244 Wood Containers
245 Wood Buildings and Mobile Homes
249 Miscellaneous Wood Products
25 Furniture and Fixtures
251 Household Furniture
252 Office Furniture
253 Public Building and Related Furniture
254 Partitions, Shelving, Lockers, and Office and Store Fixtures
259 Miscellaneous Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products
261 Pulp Mills
262 Paper Mills
263 Paperboard Mills
265 Paperboard Containers and Boxes
267 Converted Paper and Paperboard Products, Except Containers and Boxes
27 Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries
271 Newspapers: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
272 Periodicals: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
273 Books
274 Miscellaneous Publishing
275 Commercial Printing
276 Manifold Business Forms
277 Greeting Cards
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-3
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
278 Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders, and Bookbinding and Related Work
279 Service Industries for the Printing Trade
28 Chemicals and Allied Products
281 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals
282 Plastics Materials and Synthetic Resins, Synthetic Rubber, Cellulosic and Other
Manmade Fibers, Except Glass
283 Drugs
284 Soap, Detergents, and Cleaning Preparations; Perfumes, Cosmetics, and Other Toilet
Preparations
285 Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels, and Allied Products
286 Industrial Organic Chemicals
287 Agricultural Chemicals
289 Miscellaneous Chemical Products
29 Petroleum Refining and Related Industries
291 Petroleum Refining
295 Asphalt Paving and Roofing Materials
299 Miscellaneous Products of Petroleum and Coal
30 Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products
301 Tires and Inner Tubes
302 Rubber and Plastics Footwear
305 Gaskets, Packing, and Sealing Devices and Rubber and Plastics Hose and Belting
306 Fabricated Rubber Products, Not Elsewhere Classified
308 Miscellaneous Plastics Products
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-4
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
31 Leather and Leather Products
311 Leather Tanning and Finishing
313 Boot and Shoe Cut Stock and Findings
314 Footwear, Except Rubber
315 Leather Gloves and Mittens
316 Luggage
317 Handbags and Other Personal Leather Goods
319 Leather Goods, Not Elsewhere Classified
32 Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products
321 Flat Glass
322 Glass and Glassware, Pressed or Blown
323 Glass Products, Made of Purchased Glass
324 Cement, Hydraulic
325 Structural Clay Products
326 Pottery and Related Products
327 Concrete, Gypsum, and Plaster Products
328 Cut Stone and Stone Products
329 Abrasive, Asbestos, and Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Products
33 Primary Metal Industries
331 Steel Works, Blast Furnaces, and Rolling and Finishing Mills
332 Iron and Steel Foundries
333 Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals
334 Secondary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals
336 Nonferrous Foundries (Castings)
339 Miscellaneous Primary Metal Products
34 Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Transportation Equipment
Version 2~11988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-5
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
341 Metal Cans and Shipping Containers
342 Cutlery, Handtools, and General Hardware
343 Heating Equipment, Except Electric and Warm Air; and Plumbing Fixtures
344 Fabricated Structural Metal Products
345 Screw Machine Products, and Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Rivets, and Washers
346 Metal Forgings and Stampings
347 Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services
348 Ordnance and Accessories, Except Vehicles and Guided Missiles
349 Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Products
35 Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment
351 Engines and Turbines
352 Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment
353 Construction, Mining, and Materials Handling Machinery and Equipment
354 Metalworking Machinery and Equipment
355 Special Industry Machinery, Except Metalworking Machinery
356 General Industrial Machinery and Equipment
357 Computer and Office Equipment
358 Refrigeration and Service Industry Machinery
359 Miscellaneous Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Equipment
36 Electronic and Other Electrical Equipment and Components, Except Computer
Equipment
361 Electric Transmission and Distribution Equipment
362 Electrical Industrial Apparatus
363 Household Appliances
364 Electric Lighting and Wiring Equipment
365 Household Audio and Video Equipment, and Audio Recordings
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-6
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
366 Communications Equipment
367 Electronic Components and Accessories
369 Miscellaneous Electrical Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies
37 Transportation Equipment
371 Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment
372 Aircraft and Parts
373 Ship and Boat Building and Repairing
374 Railroad Equipment
375 Motorcycles, Bicycles, and Parts
376 Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles and Parts
379 Miscellaneous Transportation Equipment
38 Measuring, Analyzing, and Controlling Instruments; Photographic, Medical
and Optical Goods; Watches and Clocks
381 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical Systems,
Instruments, and Equipment
382 Laboratory Apparatus and Analytical, Optical, Measuring, and Controlling
Instruments
384 Surgical, Medical, and Dental Instruments and Supplies
385 Ophthalmic Goods
386 Photographic Equipment and Supplies
387 Watches, Clocks, Clockwork Operated Devices, and Parts
39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
391 Jewelry, Silverware, and Plated Ware
393 Musical Instruments
394 Dolls, Toys, Games and Sporting and Athletic Goods
395 Pens, Pencils, and Other Artists' Materials
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-7
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-1. SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
396 Costume Jewelry, Costume Novelties, Buttons, and Miscellaneous Notions, Except
Precious Metal
399 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
49* Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services
491 Electric services (limited to: facilities that combust coal and/or oil to generate
electricity for distribution in commerce)
493 Combination Electric and Gas, and Other Utility Services (limited to: 4-digit codes
4931 and 4939, and facilities that combust coal and/or oil to generate electricity for
distribution in commerce)
495 Sanitary Services (limited to 4-digit code 4953, and to commercial hazardous waste
treatment - facilities regulated under RCRA Subtitle C, 42 U.S.C. Section 6921 et
seq.)
51* Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods
516 Chemicals and Allied Products (limited to 4-digit code 5169 - products that are not
elsewhere classified)
517 Petroleum and Petroleum Products (limited to 4-digit code 5171 - petroleum bulk
stations and terminals)
73* Business Services
738 Limited to 4-digit code 7389 - Business Services not elsewhere classified.
*A11 listed codes in these categories are new as of the 1998 reporting year, except for as noted in the table.
Version 2.1 1988-2000 TRI data
December 2002 9-8
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
EPA Regions
Region 1 Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
Vermont.
Region 2 New Jersey, New York and the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
Region 3 Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the
District of Columbia.
Region 4 Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Tennessee.
Region 5 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin .
Region 6 Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Region 7 Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska.
Region 8 Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming
Region 9 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, and the territories of Guam, Northern
Marianis Islands, and American Samoa.
Region 10 Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
9-9
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Additional Facility Information
The following tables present descriptions of codes used in the model. Table 9-2 presents
the environmental media release codes and descriptions of the associated releases. It also
lists which codes can be grouped together to represent categories of reporting as identified
in the 1997 Public Data Release. (Note that occasionally facilities report releases to media
codes that are not listed in the current TRI Form R or in any previous forms. These
releases cannot be modeled, but are reported in pounds-based results.) Table 9-3 presents
the score category codes which describe details related to the media releases, and whether
the release can be modeled using environmental fate and transport models. Table 9-4
presents the maximum on-site and chemical use codes.
Table 9-2. Media Information
Release
Code
Description of Release
1997 Public Data Release
Category in Which Release is
Located
1 * Fugitive Air
2* Stack Air
3* Direct Water
6*^** POTW Transfer
400 Underground Injection (All Well Classes); this
code is used for data reported from 1988 to
1995
401 Underground Injection (Class 1); this code is
used for data reported in 1996 and later years
402 Underground Injection (Class 2); this code is
used for data reported in 1996 and later years
510 Onsite Landfill; this code is used for data
reported from 1988 to 1995
520 Land Treatment/Application/ Farming
530 Surface Impoundment
540 Other Land Disposal
Version 2.1
December 2002 9-10
Fugitive or Nonpoint Air Emissions
Stack or Point Air Emissions
Surface Water Discharges
Transfers to POTWs
Not Applicable
Underground Injection Class I Wells
Underground Injection Class II-V Wells
Not Applicable
On-site Land Releases (Other On-site
Land Releases)
On-site Land Releases (Other On-site
Land Releases)
On-site Land Releases (Other On-site
Land Releases)
1988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-2. Media Information
Release
Code
Description of Release
1997 Public Data Release
Category in Which Release is
Located
560 Other Landfills; this code is used for data
reported in 1996 and later years
590 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills; this code is used for
data reported in 1996 and later years
710 Offsite Storage Only
720 Offsite Recycling (Solvents/Organics Recovery)
724 Offsite Recycling (Metals Recovery)
726 Offsite Recycling (Other Reuse or Recovery)
On-site Land Releases (Other On-site
Land Releases)
On-site Land Releases (RCRA Subtitle
C Landfills)
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Recycling
728 Offsite Recycling (Acid Regeneration)
740 Offsite Treatment (Solidification/Stabilization)
741 Solidification/Stabilization- metals and metal
compounds only
750* Offsite Incineration/Thermal Treatment
754* Offsite Incineration (No fuel value)
756 Offsite Energy Recovery
761 Offsite Wastewater Treatment (Excluding
POTW)
762 Wastewater Treatment (Excluding POTW) -
metals and metal compounds only
769 Offsite Other Waste Treatment
770 Offsite Landfill
771 Offsite Underground Inj ection
772 Offsite Landfill/Surface Impoundment
773 Offsite Land Treatment
779 Offsite Other Land Disposal
Version 2.1
December 2002 9-11
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
1988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-2. Media Information
Release
Code
Description of Release
1997 Public Data Release
Category in Which Release is
Located
790 Offsite Other Management
791 Transfers to Waste Broker; this code is used for
data reported from 1988 to 1990
792 Offsite Transfer to Broker (Energy Recovery)
793 Offsite Transfer to Broker (Recycling)
794 Offsite Transfer to Broker (Disposal)
795 Offsite Transfer to Broker (Waste Treatment)
799 Offsite (Unknown Treatment/Disposal)
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Not Applicable
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
* Indicates that full risk modeling is conducted for these release codes.
** Beginning with the 1991 reporting year, releases to POTWs are coded as 8 in Form R. To allow comparisons with earlier years,
however, these releases are still coded as 6 in the RSEI Model.
Version 2.1
December 2002
1988-2000 TRI data
9-12
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-3. Score Category Information
Score
Category
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Version 2. 1
December 2002
Description
Unknown Error
Direct Fugitive Air - Rural
Direct Fugitive Air - Urban
Direct Point Air - Rural
Direct Point Air - Urban
Direct Water
Onsite Landfill
POTW Effluent
POTW Volatilization - Rural
POTW Volatilization - Urban
POTW Sludge Landfill
POTW Sludge Volat - Rural
POTW Sludge Volatilization - Urban
Offsite Incineration - Rural
Offsite Incineration - Urban
Offsite Landfill
Offsite Volatilization - Rural
Offsite Volatilization - Urban
Offsite treatment other
Cannot place Lat/Long
Cannot locate facility stream
Cannot locate POTW stream
No/Unmodeled treatment code
9-13
If Category is a release,
can it be modeled using
the environmental fate
and transport models?
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
1988-2 000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-3. Score Category Information
Score
Category
23
24
25
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
37
38
55
57
105
107
205
207
Version 2. 1
December 2002
Description
Error in CAS Number
No Toxicity Data
No POTW Removal Data
Reach data is suspect
Unable to find WBAN
No Incinerator Efficiency Data
Internal error
Missing Physical-Chemical Data
Unmodeled - Underground Injection
Unmodeled - PRO
Unmodeled - RCRA C Landfill
POTW Biodegradation
Offsite Incineration Destroyed
Direct Water-Fish Ing. (Rec)
POTW Effluent-Fish Ing. (Rec)
Direct Water-Fish Ing. (Sub)
POTW Effluent-Fish Ing. (Sub)
Direct Water (alt intake)
POTW Effluent (alt intake)
9-14
If Category is a release,
can it be modeled using
the environmental fate
and transport models?
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1988-2 000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-4. On-site Chemical Information
Activities and Uses of a Chemical at a Facility
Category
Code
Manufacture (produce or import for on-site use/processing, for sale/distribution,
as a byproduct, or as an impurity)
Process (as a reactant, as a formulation component, as an article component, or
repackaging)
Otherwise Use (as a chemical processing aid, as a manufacturing aid, or for
ancillary or other use)
Manufacture and Process
Manufacture and Otherwise Use
Process and Otherwise Use
Manufacture, Process, and Otherwise Use
M
OU
M/P
M/OU
P/OU
M/P/OU
Maximum Amount of a Chemical On-site at Any Time During the Calendar Year
Range
Code
0 to 99 Ibs
100 to 999 Ibs
1,000 to 9,999 Ibs
10,000 to 99,999 Ibs
100,000 to 999,999 Ibs
1,000,000 to 9,999,999 Ibs
10,000,000 to 49,999,999 Ibs
50,000,000 to 99,999,999 Ibs
100,000,000 to 499,999,999 Ibs
500,000,000 to 999,999,999 Ibs
1,000,000,000 Ibs or more
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
Version 2.1
December 2002
9-15
1988-2000 TRI data
-------
Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-5. State
Abbreviation
AK
AL
AR
AS
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
GU
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
Version 2. 1
December 2002
Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) Codes
FIPS
02
01
05
60
04
06
08
09
11
10
12
13
66
15
19
16
17
18
20
21
22
25
24
23
26
27
29
28
30
37
9-16
State Name
Alaska
Alabama
Arkansas
American Samoa
Arizona
California
Colorado
Connecticut
District of Columbia
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Iowa
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Maryland
Maine
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Mississippi
Montana
North Carolina
1988-2 000 TRI data
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Chapter 9: Additional Information
Table 9-5. State
Abbreviation
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
PR
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VI
VT
WA
WI
WV
WY
Version 2. 1
December 2002
Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) Codes
FIPS
38
31
33
34
35
32
36
39
40
41
42
72
44
45
46
47
48
49
51
78
50
53
55
54
56
9-17
State Name
North Dakota
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
Nevada
New York
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Virgin Islands
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
West Virginia
Wyoming
1988-2 000 TRI data
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Chapter 9: Additional Information
Glossary of Commonly Used Terms
Chronic Human Health
The RSEI model addresses both chronic effects and chronic exposures related to human
health. Chronic effects are those that generally persist over a long period of time whether
or not they occur immediately after exposure or are delayed. Chronic exposure refers to
multiple exposures occurring over an extended period of time, or a significant fraction of
an individual's lifetime.
Easy RSEI
RSEI Version 2.1 contains a simplified user interface called 'Easy RSEF that allows for
quick retrieval of commonly-requested results. Users can begin with Easy RSEI, and then
move onto the 'Advanced RSEI' interface that allows for greater customization of results.
exposure modeling
RSEI's risk-related results include a calculated surrogate dose, which is estimated through
exposure modeling. Exposure modeling is a way to track a chemical's fate and transport
through the environment, until it comes to a point of contact with an exposed person.
Exposure modeling includes using standard assumptions about human exposure to
contaminants, such as the drinking water, fish ingestion, or air inhalation rate.
exposure pathway
The release pathway is the physical course that a chemical takes from its emission by the
facility to the exposed individual and is related to the type of release. RSEI models
fugitive and stack air releases and fish ingestion and drinking water intake from releases to
surface water.
exposed population
The exposed population is the population that is likely to come in contact with a chemical.
The population differs depending on the exposure pathway modeled. For instance, the
population exposed to chemicals released to surface water is the population that obtains
their drinking water or fishes from contaminated streams, 101 km by 101 km grid
surrounding the facility.
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Chapter 9: Additional Information
Form R
EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) collects information on chemical releases and
transfers from reporting facilities every year. The form these facilities fill out is called
Form R. Facilities may also fill out a certification statement, called Form A, which
certifies that the facility's use of a specific toxic chemical does not meet the minimum
threshold requirement, and so is not subject to Form R reporting.
geocoding
Geocoding is the process of assigning latitude and longitude to a point, based on street
addresses, city, state and zip code. RSEI uses geocoded data for both on-site and off-site
facilities to better locate the facilities on the model grid. Geocoding services are provided
by Thomas Computing Services (TCS), using Matchmaker software.
hazard-based
RSEI produces three main types of results: pounds-based, hazard-based, and risk-related.
Hazard-based results can be calculated for any set of variables included in the model, and
consist of the pounds released multiplied by the chemical's toxi city weight. Hazard-based
results do not include any exposure modeling or population estimates.
health endpoints
An effect of exposure to a toxic chemical, such as carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity.
Indicator Element
The building block of the RSEI model. A unique combination of facility, chemical
release, year, and release pathway. Each Indicator Element has a set of results associated
with it. If the element cannot be modeled, then the score is zero; if there is no toxicity
weight available, then the hazard-based results are also zero.
normalization
In the RSEI model, it is possible to express the results normalized to 1988, the first year of
data collected by TRI. Reported TRI pounds cannot be normalized.
off-site
Off-site facilities (or receiving facilities) receive transfers of chemicals from TRI on-site
(or reporting) facilities. Types of off-site facilities include waste brokers, publicly-owned
treatment works (POTWs), recycling facilities, landfills, and hazardous waste facilities.
Off-site facilities do not report directly to TRI; the transfers they receive are reported by
the on-site facility transferring them.
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Chapter 9: Additional Information
on-site
On-site facilities (also called reporting facilities) report directly to TRI, and include
manufacturing facilities, metal and coal mines, electric utilities, chemical waste facilities,
chemical wholesalers, and petroleum bulk stations and terminals. Almost 50,000 on-site
facilities have reported to TRI since reporting was required in 1988.
POTW
Publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) are public wastewater treatment facilities that
receive wastewater, usually through a pipe system, from facilities using toxic chemicals.
Because of the unique treatment system, POTWs are modeled separately from other off-
site facilities.
pounds-based
RSEI produces three main types of results: pounds-based, hazard-based, and risk-related.
Pounds-based results are simply the amount of pounds released or transferred by TRI
facilities.
reach
A reach is a linear segment of a water body with fairly constant hydrological
characteristics.
risk-related
RSEI produces three main types of results: pounds-based, hazard-based, and risk-related.
Risk-related results combine surrogate dose with toxicity weight and population estimate,
producing a unitless value proportional to risk-related impact. Risk-related results (or
scores) are not independently meaningful and should only be used comparatively in
relation to other model results.
score
A score is the numerical value in RSEI's risk-related results, combining surrogate dose,
toxicity, and population estimates. Scores are not independently meaningful and should
only be used comparatively in relation to other model results.
SIC codes
Standard Industrial Classification codes classify a business or facility according to its
primary kind of activity, such as chemical manufacturing or electricity generation. Two-
digit codes are the most general, four-digit codes are the most specific (although some
unofficial sources use codes up to eight digits); RSEI uses two-digit and four-digit codes.
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Chapter 9: Additional Information
surrogate dose
This chemical-, media-, and facility-specific dose to an individual is calculated in several
steps. First, exposure pathway-specific chemical release volumes are combined with
physicochemical properties and site-specific characteristics in models to estimate an
ambient concentration in the environmental medium of concern. The ambient media
concentration is then combined with standard human exposure assumptions (for adults and
children) to estimate the magnitude of the dose.
toxicity weight
This weight is a proportional numerical weight applied to a chemical based on its toxicity.
The toxicity of a chemical is assessed using EPA-established standard methodologies. For
each exposure route, chemicals are weighted based on their single, most sensitive adverse
chronic human health effect (cancer or the most sensitive noncancer effect). The range of
toxicity weights is approximately 0.01 to 1,000,000.
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