vvEPA
United States Office of Pollution Prevention
Environmental Protection and Toxics
Agency Washington, DC 20460 September 2007
User's Manual for RSEI
Version 2.1.5
[1996-2005 TRI Data]
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User's Manual for RSEI Version 2.1.5
[1996-2005 TRI Data]
Economics, Exposure, and Technology Division
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
United States Environmental Protection Agency
September 2007
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WELCOME TO ERA'S RISK-SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL
INDICATORS CD-ROM
EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) is a fast and effective tool that uses risk
concepts to quickly and easily screen large amounts of Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data,
saving time and resources. RSEI users can perform, ususally in a matter of minutes, a variety of
screening-level analyses. Previously, such activities would have taken days, weeks, or even
months to organize the relevant information, evaluate that information, and perform the complex
and sophisticated analyses that are necessary to provide a risk-related perspective. RSEI is
particularly useful for examining trends to measure change, ranking and prioritizing chemicals
and industry sectors for strategic planning, conducting risk-related targeting, and supporting
community-based projects. Considerable resources can be saved by conducting preliminary
analyses with the model to identify risk-related situations of high potential concern, which
warrant further evaluation.
RSEI permits full risk-related modeling for air (on-site stack and fugitive and off-site
incineration) releases and surface water (direct from TRI reporting facilities and POTWs)
releases only. However, all releases and transfers reported to TRI can be viewed from
pounds-only and hazard-based (pounds weighted by toxicity) perspectives. This Manual provides
instructions specific to the use of the current version of the model, and also describes some
additional functions that are not implemented in the current air- and surface water-only model.
In addition to caveats listed throughout this Manual, there are several things to consider when
running the current version of the model:
* When installing the RSEI model, please make sure that you sign off of your computer
network (e.g., the Novell network), so that the model will be properly installed onto your
computer's hard drive. Furthermore, the user must have administration rights on the local
computer.
* Because the current version of the model is restricted to the air and surface water modeling
results, the full risk-related model results are available only for on-site fugitive and stack air
releases and direct surface water releases; risk-related results based on releases to other
media (e.g., releases to groundwater) are not available. However, you are able to look at TRI
pounds, modeled pounds, hazard ranking, and other subcomponents of the full risk-related
model results, for all media.
* Please be aware that the application uses significant computer resources. It may be difficult
to use other computer applications at the same time as RSEI.
* The model contains TRI release and transfer information for the time period from reporting
years 1996 to 2005. Information from the reporting years 1988 through 1995 is available
upon request.
* Information presented in this User's Manual is also available in the model's online help.
• New users are advised to begin with the Tutorials provided in Chapter 4 of the User's
Manual, which are a helpful introduction to the RSEI model.
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
Supporting analyses for the RSEI model are available in PDF format on the model website at
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei. The RSEI Methodology document, which describes in detail the
data and algorithms used in the model, is also posted on the website. Since the RSEI model is
continuously being updated and revised, check the website for updates, additional analyses, and
help with using the model.
Several technical appendices are provided with the installation program. These appendices
provide detailed information on toxicity data, physicochemical data, exposure assumptions,
locating facilities, stack parameter data, and the differences between the data used by TRI's
Public Data Release and RSEI. The technical appendices, an Adobe Acrobat (PDF) version of the
User's Manual, and a spreadsheet containing the toxicity data used in the model, can all be found
on the RSEI Installation Disk, in the Supporting Information folder.
We would appreciate your comments and suggestions on how this User's Manual may be
improved upon to aid you, the user. Thank You.
Contact: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
Economics, Exposure and Technology
Division
202-564-8790
RSEI_Indicators@epa.gov
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Model Description 2
Geographic Basis of the Model 3
Components of the Model 5
RSEI Re suits 14
Analyses That Can be Performed Using the RSEI Model 16
Important Caveats Regarding the RSEI Chronic Human Health Model 16
Strengths and Limitations of the Chronic Human Health Model, 19
Chapter 2. Installation Instructions for CD-ROM 21
Chapter 3. Highlights of RSEI Version 2 23
Chapter 4. Quick Start Tutorials 25
Tutorial 1 25
Tutorial 2 36
Tutorial 3 45
Chapter 5. Viewing Data 52
Category Data 53
Census Data 53
Chemical Data 54
County Data 60
CountyExp Data 60
Elements Data 61
Facility Data 62
MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level), 65
Media Data 66
Off-site Data 67
Reach Data 68
ReachPops Data 70
Release Data 70
SIC Table Data 71
Submission Data 71
Weather Data 72
WSDB (Water System) Data 73
ZIP Code Data 74
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Table of Contents
Chapter 6. Selecting Releases 75
Variable Descriptions 81
Examples of Complex Selections 99
Chapter 7. Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser 102
The Selected Facilities List 103
Using Map Functions 105
Displaying Facility Information 107
Chapter 8. Snapshots of Selected Releases - Summary and Thematic Maps 113
The Summary Button 113
The Thematic Maps Button 115
Chapter 9. Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables 117
Creating a New Table 117
Loading a Table 118
Modifying the Table View 119
Graph 125
Sorted Tables 126
Exporting Tables 127
Printing Tables 128
Chapter 10. Additional Information 129
Standard Industrial Classification Codes 129
EPA Regions 136
Media Information 137
Score Category Information 139
On-site Chemical Information 141
FIPS Codes 142
Chapter 11. Glossary of Commonly Used Terms 145
Chapter 12. References 151
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model is a screening-level tool that
assesses the potential impact of industrial releases from pounds-based, hazard-based, and risk-
related perspectives. RSEI uses risk concepts to quickly and easily screen large amounts of
data, saving time and resources. RSEI is particularly useful for examining trends to measure
change, ranking and prioritizing chemicals and industry sectors for strategic planning,
conducting risk-related targeting, and supporting community-based projects.
Using estimates of pounds of chemical releases to investigate potential health and
environmental impact is limited by the assumptions that all chemicals are equally toxic and all
people are equally exposed. Formal risk assessments are more accurate, but are complicated
and time-consuming to prepare, requiring detailed data which are not always available, and the
results are often limited in scope and geographic area. The RSEI approach augments estimates
of pounds released with toxicity and exposure considerations, but does not address all of the
potential factors that a full risk assessment would include.
RSEI considers the following information: the amount of chemical released, the toxicity of the
chemical, its fate and transport through the environment, the route and extent of human
exposure, and the number of people affected. This information is used to create numerical
values that can be added and compared in limitless ways to assess the relative risk of
chemicals, facilities, regions, industries, or many other factors. The values are for comparative
purposes and only meaningful when compared to other values produced by RSEI. It should be
emphasized that the result is not a detailed or quantitative risk assessment, but offers a
screening-level, risk-related perspective for relative comparisons of chemical releases.
The RSEI approach is very flexible and can be implemented in various ways. The use of the
model is not limited to TRI chemicals; in principle, the adaptable method can model any
chemical if toxicity characteristics, physicochemical properties, release levels, and release
location are known or can be estimated. The current version of the model addresses chronic
human health effects and chronic exposures, and uses estimates of annual releases from EPA's
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI).
As an indication of improvements in environmental quality over time, RSEI provides a
valuable tool to measure general trends based upon relative risk-related impacts of TRI
chemicals. Although the model results do not capture all environmental releases of concern,
they do relate changes in releases to relative changes in chronic human health impacts from a
large number of toxic chemicals of concern to the Agency. The model also can analyze the
relative contribution of chemicals and industrial sectors to environmental impacts, and serves
as an analytical basis for further risk analysis, setting priorities for pollution prevention,
regulatory initiatives, enforcement targeting, and chemical testing.
The following sections of this chapter describe the RSEI method and the types of questions
that can be explored using the model. Chapter 3 describes the main features of Version 2.
Chapter 4 provides three tutorials that will help the new user get started with commonly-used
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction
functions. Chapters 5 through 9 describe in detail the operations of the model. Chapter 10
provides information that may be useful when querying the database, including SIC codes,
score category codes, FIPS codes, and a glossary. Technical Appendices can also be found on
the RSEI Installation Disk in a folder called 'Supporting Information.' The appendices present
additional information on the following topics: toxicity (Appendix A) and physicochemical
data (Appendix B) for TRI chemicals, exposure assumptions used in the model (Appendix C),
locational data for on-site and off-site facilities (Appendix D), derived stack parameter data
(Appendix E), and data differences between TRI and the RSEI model (Appendix F). A
spreadsheet detailing the calculation of the chemical toxicity weights used in the model is also
provided on the Installation Disk.
Model Description
The RSEI Chronic Human Health model calculates values that reflect the risk-related impacts
on chronic human health of modeled TRI chemical releases and transfers. These values do not
provide absolute measures of risk and can only be interpreted as relative measures to be
compared with other such values (reflecting the direction and the general magnitude of changes
at different points in time when analyzing trends, or identifying the relative contribution of
variables in a comparative analysis).
The model uses the reported quantities of TRI releases and transfers of chemicals to estimate
the risk-related impacts associated with each type of air or water release or transfer by every
TRI facility. The risk-related impacts potentially posed by a chemical are a function of
chemical toxicity, the fate and transport of the chemical in the environment after it is released,
the pathway of human exposure, and the number of people exposed. RSEI only analyzes the
impacts on general populations; individuals, particularly highly exposed individuals, are not
the focus of the model.
The RSEI model starts with TRI releases. For each exposure pathway from each chemical
release, the model generates an 'Indicator Element'. For instance, a release of the chemical
benzene to air via a stack from the 'ABC' Facility in 1999 is an 'Indicator Element'. Each
Indicator Element is associated with a set of results, including pounds-based, hazard-based,
and risk-related results, also called scores. The risk-related score is a unitless value
proportional to the potential risk-related impact of each element.
Each Indicator Element can be combined and compared with other Indicator Elements. There
are countless ways that Indicator Elements can be summed together to assess chronic human
health impacts. For example, all of the RSEI results can be aggregated for each year to allow
an assessment of trends in estimated impacts, or Indicator Elements can be summed to allow
users to compare results for facilities, regions, chemicals, and any combinations of these and
other variables. RSEI does not perform a detailed or quantitative risk assessment, but offers a
screening-level, risk-related perspective for relative comparisons of chemical releases. The
model does not estimate actual risk to individuals. RSEI results are only meaningful when
compared to other results produced by RSEI.
The current version of the model calculates risk-related results for the air and surface water
pathways only. For other pathways, and in instances where information needed to model a
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release is not available, only pounds-based and hazard-based perspectives are available. In
cases where toxicity weights are not available, only pounds-based results can be viewed.
In addition, RSEI allows users to look at pounds- and hazard-based results using the same
kinds of combinations and comparisons. For a detailed description of the RSEI model and
components of the model, refer to EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators
Methodology (available on the RSEI website at http://www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei), which
represents the most recent full documentation of the model.
Geographic Basis of the Model
The RSEI model relies on the ability to locate facilities and people geographically, and to
attribute physical characteristics, such as meteorology, to the facilities once they are located.
To locate the facilities and the attribute data to those facilities, the RSEI model describes the
United States and its territories (Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa,
and the Northern Mariana Islands) as a 1-km by 1-km grid system. For each cell in the grid, a
location address in terms of (X,Y) coordinates is assigned based on latitude and longitude (lat/
long).
Each (X, Y) pair defines the center point of one cell in the grid. Using the (X, Y) pair, the
boundary of each cell can be constructed with the four corner points: (X+0.5, Y+0.5) for the
upper right corner, (X+0.5,Y-0.5) for the lower right corner, (X-0.5,Y-0.5) for the lower left
corner, and (X-0.5,Y+0.5) for the upper left corner. The equations used to determine the (X,Y)
coordinates defining the center of a given cell from lat/long data are presented in the
Methodology document.
Once the grid system for the U.S. is established, facilities can be located in it. The ability of the
RSEI model to accurately locate a facility depends on the accuracy of the lat/long coordinates
describing its location. RSEI uses the best set of coordinates for each facility from EPA's
Locational Reference Tables (LRT). The same equations that determine the (X,Y) coordinates
of the grid cells are then used to transform facility lat/long coordinates to (X,Y) coordinates.
The facility can then be located in the grid system for further modeling.
In order to estimate potential exposure, the U.S. population must also be geographically located
on the model grid. The RSEI model uses U.S. Decennial Census data for 1990 and 2000 at the
block level (Census data provided by GeoLytics, Inc., East Brunswick, NJ). In previous
versions of the model, U.S. Census race categories were available for viewing on the map (not
for calculating results). However, due to complications arising from changes in race
categorization for the 2000 Census, race categories are not available for viewing in the current
version of the model. The following sections describe how the U.S. Census data were used to
generate annual population estimates for age and sex, and how the unit of analysis for the U.S.
Census (the block) is translated into the unit of analysis for the model (the grid cell).
Population data. U.S. Census block-level data are used to estimate the number of people in
each grid cell, as well as their demographic characteristics. Census blocks are the smallest
geographic area for which decennial census data are collected. Blocks are of varying size,
formed by streets, roads, railroads, streams and other bodies of water, other visible physical
and cultural features, and the legal boundaries shown on Census Bureau maps. In 1990, there
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction
were approximately 7 million census blocks. Due to boundary changes and increased
resolution for highly populated areas, there were approximately 9 million blocks in the 2000
Census.
Block-level information from the 1990 Census and the 2000 Census are used to create detailed
age-sex variables for each of the census blocks in the US for 1990 and for 2000. (For 1990, not
all of the variables were available at the block level. For those variables that were only
available at the block group level, block group ratios were calculated and applied to the data at
the block level. For 2000, all of the required data were available at the block level.) The
following variables are available in the RSEI model:
• Males Aged 0 through 9 years
• Males Aged 10 through 17 years
• Males Aged 18 through 44 years
• Males Aged 45 through 64 years (Results for this subpopulation are not displayed separately
in the model)
• Males Aged 65 years and Older
• Females Aged 0 through 9 years
• Females Aged 10 through 17 years
• Females Aged 18 through 44 years
• Females Aged 45 through 64 years (Results for this subpopulation are not displayed
separately in the model)
• Females Aged 65 years and Older
Because the Census block boundaries have changed between 1990 and 2000, the block level
data are first transferred to the RSEI model grid, which is unchanging, using the method
described below in Mapping block populations to grid cells. Once on the grid, a straight-line
interpolation is performed for each grid cell between 1990 to 2000 to create annual estimates of
the population for each grid cell for each year. The straight line is also extended to estimate
population for 1988 and 1989, and for 2001 and 2002.
Puerto Rico and Territories. For Puerto Rico, mapping limitations dictated the use of block
group data rather than block level data for 1990 (shapefiles were not available at the lower
level of resolution). However, block level data were used for 2000. For the U.S. Virgin Islands,
American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, mapping was limited to whole-
island areas or county equivalents, so the population data are also at this level of detail. The
population is assumed to be distributed evenly through each whole-island area or county
equivalent. Detailed demographic data were not available, so Census Bureau estimates of age
and sex ratios for 2000 were used instead, and applied to actual 1990 and 2000 Census totals.
Mapping block populations to grid cells. Once annual detailed demographic data sets are
created, the model translates the data from Census blocks to the model's 1-km by 1-km grid
cells. The Census provides the geometry for each block in the Topologically Integrated
Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) geographic database. The boundaries and area
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction
for each block were derived from the TIGER database. The location of each grid cell is defined
by its four corner points, calculated from its (X,Y) coordinates. The RSEI model uses the
derived block boundary files to map each block to its corresponding cells in the grid according
to the portion of the block's total area that falls within each cell. The area of a block that falls
within a grid cell is divided by the total area for that block, then that fraction is multiplied by
the block's population and subpopulations to determine its contribution to the grid cell's
population. The population is assumed to be distributed evenly throughout the block. If more
than one block overlays a grid cell, then the populations contributed by the multiple blocks are
summed.
Components of the Model
Once facilities and people are located on the model's grid, three main components are used to
compute risk-related impacts in the RSEI model. These components are:
• the quantity of chemicals released or transferred,
• adjustments for chronic human health toxicity,
• adjustments for exposure potential and population size
These components and the method used to combine them are described in the following
sections.
Chemical Releases and Transfers
The model uses information on facilities' chemical releases and transfers from these facilities
to off-site facilities (such as sewage treatment plants and incinerators) to model risk-related
impacts. These releases are reported by facilities to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), as
mandated by the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). As of the
2005 reporting year, there are 611 TRI chemicals and chemical categories listed. Users can
view pounds of chemicals released per year (pounds-based results) for any combination of
variables included in the model.
Adjustments for Chronic Human Health Toxicity
The model is based on current EPA methodologies for assessing toxicity. The method EPA has
chosen for assigning toxicity weights to chemicals is clear and reproducible, based upon easily
accessible and publicly available information, and uses expert EPA-wide judgments to the
greatest extent possible. RSEI reflects the toxicities of chemicals relative to one another using a
continuous system of numerical weights. Toxicity weights for chemicals increase as the
toxicological potential to cause chronic human health effects increases. Toxicity-adjusted
releases are called "hazard-based results" and provide an alternative perspective to
pounds-based or full risk-related results, and are especially valuable when necessary data for
risk-related modeling are not available.
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See Glossary for
Definitions
Toxicity Data
Values developed by EPA experts are used to differentiate the
degrees and types of toxicity of chemicals and rank them in a
consistent manner. Values called Oral Slope Factors and Inhalation
Unit Risks provide information pertaining to toxicity for chemicals
that may cause cancer. Reference Doses (RfDs) and Reference
Concentrations (RfCs) provide toxicity information related to
noncancer effects. Where these values are not available from EPA,
other data sources may be used.
The following data sources are used, in the order of preference:
• EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
• EPA Office of Pesticide Programs' Toxicity Tracking Reports (OPP)
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry final, published chronic MRLs
(ATSDR)
• California Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Environmental Health Hazard
Assessment final, published toxicity values (Cal/EPA)
• EPA's Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST); and
• Final Derived/Interim Derived Toxicity Weights (Derived) estimated by EPA's Office of
Pollution Prevention and Toxics.
The data sources are used in a tiered fashion. The first tier consists of IRIS and OPP. The most
recent data for each chemical's chronic human health endpoint is used. If the dates are
comparable, preference is given to IRIS. The second tier consists of ATSDR and Cal/EPA.
Again, the most recent source of the two is used for any chemical's chronic human health
endpoint not found in the first tier. In the absence of data from first or second tier sources for
an individual chronic health endpoint, the following data sources are used, in the order of
preference: HEAST, Final/Interim Derived, and IRIS values previously used in toxicity
weighting, but withdrawn pending revision.
For chemicals with carcinogenicity risk values, Weight of Evidence (WOE) values were
obtained using the same data source hierarchy. Therefore, preference was given to WOE's
from IRIS or OPP. As a general rule, chemicals with cancer potency factors from IRIS or OPP
will also have WOEs. CalEPA, however, references either EPA or IARC for WOE
designations. Therefore, in the absence of an EPA consensus WOE, WOE's were obtained
from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However, due to the
differences in WOE definition, it is not always possible to translate IARC WOE's into EPA
WOE's without examining the toxicity data. WOE's were matched in the following way:
• IARC Group 1 = EPA Group A (Human Carcinogen)
• IARC Group 2A = EPA Group B (Probable Human Carcinogen)
• IARC Group 2B = EPA Group B or EPA Group C (Possible Carcinogen)
• IARC Group 3 = EPA Group D (Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity)
• IARC Group 4 = EPA Group E (Evidence of Non-Carcinogenicity)
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The IARC 2B designation is not easily translated to the EPA designation, and spans EPA
Groups B and C. This is a particularly important distinction because the use of a B2 or C
designation will affect the calculation of the toxicity weight (see below). Therefore, for the
chemicals with IARC 2B designations, summaries of the toxicity data used to generate the oral
slope factor or inhalation unit risk were evaluated to derive WOEs. Since these are primarily
chemicals with data from CalEPA, the CalEPA "Technical Support Document for Describing
Available Cancer Potency Factors" was used for the background information.
Calculating Toxicity Weights
The RSEI toxicity scoring method evaluates inhalation and oral exposure routes for both
cancer and noncancer effects. For each exposure route, chemicals are scored based on their
single most sensitive adverse effect. For the various noncancer health endpoints, the toxicity
weighting methodology does not distinguish between chemicals based on type or target of
effect (e.g., neurotoxicity vs. developmental toxicity), nor does it address multiple effects
which may be exhibited by a chemical. When values are available for only one route of
exposure, the same toxicity weight is applied to reflect the potential for both inhalation and
oral toxicity, provided there is no evidence the effects are route-specific or limited to the portal
of entry into the body. Specifically, in limited instances, toxicity studies are available to show a
given chemical causes no health effects by one exposure route. In these instances, a toxicity
weight is assigned only to the route that results in chronic human health effects. In the RSEI
methodology, the following algorithms are used to assign toxicity weights:
non-carcinogens: 0.5 / RfD (mg/kg-day) or
1.8/RfC(mg/m3)
carcinogens (WOE Oral Slope Factor (risk per mg/kg-day)/
categories A and B): 0.0005 or
Inhalation Unit Risk (risk per mg/m3)/
0.00014
carcinogens (WOE Oral Slope Factor (risk per mg/kg-day)/
category C): (0.0005 * 10) or
Inhalation Unit Risk (risk per mg/m3)/
(0.00014 * 10)
These constants maintain the equivalency between cancer and noncancer scores that was
established in the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) scoring methodology used in EPA's
Superfund program. When combining cancer and noncancer endpoints, it is assumed that
exposure at the level of the RfD is equivalent to a 2.5 x 10-4 cancer risk.
The distribution of toxicity values for TRI chemicals corresponds to a range of toxicity weights
of approximately 0.01 to 1,000,000. However, toxicity weights are not bounded. Toxicity
weights are expressed as values with two significant figures.
There are 611 chemicals and chemical categories on the 2005 TRI Chemical List. Toxicity
weights are available for 429 of these chemicals and chemical categories. The 429 chemicals
with toxicity weights account for over 99% of the reported pounds for all on-site releases in
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2005. Beginning with version 2.1.5, each metal compounds category is combined with its
elemental form in RSEI, unlike in TRI where they are reported separately. This is done to
reflect the uncertainty of the chemical identity of the substance released. For example, TRI has
separate reporting for 'nickel' and 'nickel compounds'. Both reflect the pounds of the parent
metal nickel that is released and, in some cases, the two can be combined as a single report for
nickel compounds. RSEI combines the pounds into one entry listed as 'nickel and nickel
compounds'.
More information on the toxicity data used in the model can be found in Technical Appendix
A. A complete discussion of the methods used in these evaluations, as well as the
chemical-by-chemical data summaries and score assignments, are provided the Toxicity
Weighting Methodology document, which can be found on the RSEI website
(www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei).
Adjustments for Exposure Potential
Quantitatively, exposure potential is estimated using a surrogate dose. To estimate the
surrogate dose, a separate exposure evaluation is conducted for each pathway-specific chemical
emission. The exposure evaluations use models that incorporate data on media- and
pathway-specific chemical releases and transfers, physicochemical properties and, where
available, site characteristics, to estimate the ambient chemical concentration in the medium
into which the chemical is released or transferred. The ambient concentrations are combined
with human exposure assumptions and estimates of exposed population size specific to age and
sex. Specific exposure factors are discussed in each section below.
The algorithms for calculating surrogate doses rely on the ability to locate facilities and people
geographically on the 1-km by 1-km grid cell system described earlier. While this method uses
the EPA exposure assessment paradigm to evaluate exposure potential, the results should not
be construed as an actual numerical estimate of dose resulting from TRI releases, because
limited facility-specific data and the use of models that rely on default values for many
parameters prevent the calculation of an actual dose. Instead, the purpose of the methodology is
to generate as accurate a surrogate dose as possible without conducting an in-depth risk
assessment. The estimates of surrogate doses from releases of TRI chemicals are relative to the
surrogate doses resulting from other releases included in the model.
The sections below discuss each of the exposure pathways included in the model. Please note
that not all pathways are currently modeled in the RSEI model. For pathways that are not
modeled, risk-related results are not available, but users can examine results from
pounds-based and hazard-based perspectives.
Stack and Fugitive Air Releases
This method uses algorithms from the Industrial Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT) model
developed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). ISCLT is a
steady-state Gaussian plume model used to estimate long-term pollutant concentrations
downwind of a stack or area source. The concentration is a function of facility-specific
parameters (such as stack height and diameter), meteorology, and chemical-specific, first-order
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air decay rates. The air decay rates are based on either photooxidation or, in rare cases,
hydrolysis in air.
In the RSEI model, each facility is located in a 1-km by 1-km grid cell based on its reported
lat/long. For simplification, the model places the facility at the center of the grid cell where it is
located. However, the facility may be up to 707 m from the center of the grid cell. (707 m is
calculated as the hypotenuse of an isosceles triangle with both sides of length 500 m.)
The ISCLT model then uses meteorological and chemical-specific decay rates to estimate the
air concentrations at small intervals in a 101-km by 101-km area [i.e. 50 km in each cardinal
direction of the compass] surrounding the grid cell containing the facility. Air concentrations
are calculated at 1 km increments from 0.5 km to 9.5 km away from the facility, and at 4 km
increments from 10.5 to 49.5 km away from the facility. Each concentration is calculated at the
midpoint of the edge closest to the source in the center cell. For the center cell in which the
facility is located, the RSEI model splits the center cell into 401 sub-cells (each sub-cell is 50
m by 50 m), and assigns the average concentration of these sub-cells to the 1-km by 1-km
center cell.
Stack height data were obtained from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), the AIRS
Facility Subsystem (AFS) within the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS), the
National Emission Trends (NET) Database, and databases from three individual states
(California, New York, and Wisconsin). For each TRI facility that had stack height data in one
or more of these sources, the median height of all stacks at the facility is used in the RSEI
model. For the TRI facilities which had no stack height data in these sources, a Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) code-based median stack height is assigned to the facility. The
SIC code-based stack height is estimated from data in AFS and the NET Database for facilities
in the appropriate 3-digit SIC code or in the 2-digit SIC code if the 3-digit SIC code is
unavailable (based on the TRI facility's primary SIC Code). If no 2-digit SIC code is available,
the median of all stack heights with TRI-reportable SIC codes is used.
For both stack diameter and exit gas velocity, the RSEI model uses the same data sources,
criteria, and statistical methods described above for stack height data. Specifically, the model
uses either the median value of all stacks for TRI facilities with this information or a SIC
code-based median value for facilities without the appropriate stack data. Exit gas velocity data
are obtained from NEI, AFS, NET, and state-specific databases. Stack diameter data are
obtained from NEI, AFS and NET.
An additional data source was used for some of the new industries added in Reporting Year
1998. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) provided EPA with two databases of
site-specific data for electric utilities, including stack height, stack diameter, and stack velocity.
Approximately 600 TRI facilities report one of the three electric utility SIC codes (4911-
Electric Services; 4931- Electric and Other Services Combined; or 4939- Combination
Utilities, not elsewhere classified). Where possible, TRI facilities were matched to facilities in
the EPRI data, and the EPRI stack parameters were used. For the facilities that could not be
matched, the median parameters from the EPRI data were used.
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Analyses have been conducted that show that the concentrations predicted by the RSEI model
using a combination of generic and site-specific data closely match concentrations estimated by
using more complete site-specific data. For complete details on the derivation of stack
parameter data, see Technical Appendix E.
For air releases, chemical concentrations are calculated at increments inside a 101-km square
surrounding the facility. The concentration is multiplied by age-sex specific inhalation rates, as
shown in Table 1 below. This calculates the surrogate dose for each of the ten age-sex
categories included in the model. The population assigned to each grid cell is assumed to be
exposed to the concentration calculated for that grid cell.
Table 1. Exposure Factors
for Air Releases
Age-Sex Category
Male 0 to 9
Male 10 to 17
Male 18 to 44
Male 45 to 64
Male 65 and up
Female 0 to 9
Female 10 to 17
Female 18 to 44
Female 45 to 64
Female 65 and up
Inhalation
Rate
(m3/kg/day)
0.341
0.341
0.209
0.194
0.174
0.31
0.31
0.186
0.165
0.153
Source: U.S. EPA, 1997. Environmental Factors
Handbook.
Direct Surface Water Releases
Chemicals released directly to surface waters are modeled using a simple first-order decay
equation, along with estimates of river discharge and velocity. Chemical concentrations are
estimated for distances up to 200 km downstream from the chemical release to take into
account drinking water intakes up to 200 km downstream. The chemical-specific decay
coefficient is predominantly based on either abiotic hydrolysis or microbial biodegradation, but
it may also be based on photooxidation.
This method considers two chronic human health exposure pathways from surface water
releases. First, exposures from drinking water are calculated. Chemical releases from on-site or
off-site facilities into water are assumed to be discharged into the stream reach nearest the
facility, unless a specific discharge reach has been determined from EPA data sources. As the
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chemical travels downstream, concentrations at public drinking water intakes are estimated.
The number of people served by the water system supplied by the intake is assumed to be the
population exposed to the chemical concentration. However, because only the number of
people served, not their geographic location, is known, the model uses the demographic
breakdown of all the people in a 50 mile radius around each intake as a surrogate for the actual
number of people in each age-sex subgroup served by the drinking water intake. Drinking
water ingestion rates are shown in Table 2 below. If a stream reach contains no drinking water
intake, the exposed population is zero. The concentrations at the drinking water intake for
chemicals for which EPA has established Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are assumed
to not exceed the relevant MCLs that were in effect for the year of the release (some
information prior to 1991 is not available, see 'MCL' in Chapter 5 for details).
A second potential exposure pathway is from consumption of contaminated fish. Each segment
of the affected surface water reach may contain contaminated fish which could be caught and
eaten by recreational and subsistence fishers. As described above, the model tracks the
concentration of the chemical as it travels downstream. In each stream reach, the estimated
concentration in fish is derived by multiplying the chemical concentration in the water by a
factor to account for bioconcentration of the chemical from water into fish. County- and
state-specific fishing license data are used to estimate the percentage of people in each county
who fish. This number is multiplied by an estimate of average household size to obtain the
portion of each county's total population that eats fish. Since most fishers travel a maximum of
50 miles to fish, the population within 50 miles (according to Census data) of a reach modeled
as having a nonzero chemical concentration is multiplied by the county-specific fish-eating
percentage to obtain the total exposed population. Recreational fishers and their families are
assumed to comprise 95 percent of this exposed population. Subsistence fishers and families
make up the remaining 5 percent. Subsistence fishers are also assumed to eat substantially
greater amounts offish than recreational fishers, as shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2. Exposure Factors for Water Releases
Age-Sex Category
Male 0 to 9
Male 10 to 17
Male 18 to 44
Male 45 to 64
Male 65 and up
Female 0 to 9
Female 10 to 17
Female 18 to 44
Drinking Water
Ingestion Rate
(L/kg/day)
0.0298
0.0298
0.0184
0.022
0.0219
0.0298
0.0298
0.0184
Recreational
Fish Ingestion
Rate (g/kg/day)
0.0756
0.0756
0.199
0.407
0.434
0.0372
0.0372
0.114
Subsistence Fish
Ingestion Rate
(g/kg/day)
2.83
2.83
1.92
2.08
2.22
2.05
2.05
1.71
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Table 2. Exposure Factors for Water Releases
Age-Sex Category
Female 45 to 64
Female 65 and up
Drinking Water
Ingestion Rate
(L/kg/day)
0.022
0.0219
Recreational
Fish Ingestion
Rate (g/kg/day)
0.262
0.267
Subsistence Fish
Ingestion Rate
(g/kg/day)
1.6
1.63
Source: U.S. EPA, 1997. Environmental Factors Handbook; U.S. EPA, 2000. Estimated Per Capita Fish
Consumption in the United States: Based on Data Collected by the United States Department of
Agriculture's 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals.
Land Releases
On- and off-site land releases include releases to landfills, surface impoundments, land
treatment units and underground injection wells. For these releases, two major exposure
pathways are of interest: volatilization to air or leaching into groundwater. Volatilization of
chemicals from on-site land releases is reported to TRI under the fugitive emission estimate for
the facility, and is handled as a fugitive air release. For more information on RSEI modeling of
fugitive air releases, see Air Releases above. The current version of RSEI does not provide
risk modeling for reported land releases. However, RSEI does provide the capability for users
to examine the pounds of releases to land that are reported to TRI, as well as viewing these
releases from a hazard-based perspective.
The potential for groundwater contamination from land releases depends on the regulatory
status of the unit in which the chemical is released. For example, chemicals could be deposited
in an on-site RCRA-regulated, subtitle C hazardous waste unit, or in an on-site nonhazardous
solid waste management unit. RCRA standards for hazardous waste units are, by regulation,
designed to include technical controls to prevent release of contaminants into groundwater. If
chemicals are placed in such regulated units, EPA assumes that releases to groundwater are
negligible so RSEI would assign a zero value to the risk-related scores for such releases. If
chemicals are placed in nonhazardous land disposal units (landfills, etc.), there is a potential for
exposure. This exposure pathway and volatilization from off-site landfills are currently under
review for inclusion in a future version of RSEI.
On- and off-site land releases to underground injection are not modeled for exposure by RSEI.
The hydrogeological, spatial, and temporal considerations that are associated with exposures to
toxic chemicals in underground injection wells are situation- and site-specific, so RSEI is only
able to provide pounds-based and hazard-based perspectives for this type of land release. Note,
however, that under well-managed conditions, Class I wells (there are five classes of wells) are
specifically designed to pose minimal risk to human health or the environment.
Releases to POTWs
On-site facilities can also transfer chemicals to Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs).
Modeling exposure from TRI-reported transfers to POTWs requires several pieces of
information: (1) location of the POTW to which the chemicals are discharged, (2)
consideration of overall removal efficiencies of POTWs and resulting effluent discharges from
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POTWs, (3) consideration of residuals management at POTWs, and (4) identification of the
receiving stream reach.
Locating the POTW. As with all off-site facilities, POTW names and addresses are reported
to TRI by the facility transferring its waste. Latitude and longitude are not reported. In order to
derive coordinates, the reported street addresses were geocoded (coordinates were assigned
based on street address) by Thomas Computing Services, a commercial firm. Facilities with
insufficient or incorrect street addresses are matched, if possible, with facilities with better
locational data. If no matches can be found, the facility is assumed to be located at the center of
its reported zip code. Once latitude and longitude for a facility are determined, the data are
used to map the facility to a given grid cell, using the equations described in Chapter 3 of the
Methodology document. Substantial data processing was necessary to prepare the set of off-site
facilities for use in the model; see Technical Appendix D for details on the steps that were
taken.
Overall POTW Removal Rate. POTWs cannot completely remove all of the chemicals that
are transferred to the plant. Some of the chemical loading in the influent will be discharged as
effluent to surface waters. To calculate the fraction of transferred chemical removed by the
POTW, the typical contaminant-specific removal rate is applied to the volume transferred to
the POTW from the TRI facility.
Partitioning within the POTW. Chemical loadings may be removed by the POTW treatment
processes through biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sludge. The amount of the
chemical that is removed by each of these processes is modeled using average
chemical-specific partitioning rates. Chemical-specific partition rates are provided in Technical
Appendix B.
Once the fates of chemicals entering the POTW are estimated, exposures associated with
chemical loadings to each compartment are estimated. Chemicals discharged in the POTW
effluent are modeled using the surface water evaluation methods described above. Chemicals
that biodegrade are assumed to degrade to chemicals that do not pose risk. POTW
volatilization releases are treated like area-source air releases, as described above.
For chemicals that partition to sludge, the model used to estimate exposure should ideally
depend on the sludge disposal method employed by the POTW. However, sludge disposal
practices at a POTW receiving a TRI transfer cannot be determined from the TRI database.
Therefore, the RSEI algorithm currently assumes all POTW sludge to be landfilled at the
POTW, a common method of sludge disposal. Landfilling of sludge is not currently modeled in
RSEI. POTWs may in reality use other methods of sludge disposal, such as incineration. If
sludge were incinerated by a POTW, for example, this would result in different exposure levels
(and a different, larger exposed population).
Locating the receiving stream reach. In the same method as for TRI reporting facilities,
POTWs are assumed to discharge to the nearest stream reach. However, some POTW-specific
information from EPA data sources was used where it was available.
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Off-site Transfers
This category includes any transfers to waste brokers, non-POTW treatment facilities or
recycling facilities, and includes such offsite activities as storage, recycling and recovery,
treatment, incineration, underground injection, landfill, and land treatment (i.e., those TRI
media codes beginning with 'M'). TRI reporters are required to supply the name and address of
the facility that receives wastes for storage or disposal. From these data, EPA determines
whether wastes are sent to a hazardous or nonhazardous waste management facility. As with
underground injection wells, transfers to RCRA hazardous waste facilities are not modeled. If
chemicals are placed in such regulated units, it is assumed that releases to groundwater are
negligible.
The determination of locational data for off-site facilities is conducted in the same manner as
forPOTWs.
The RSEI methodology then requires information on the treatment and disposal technologies
used by the facility. If the treatment method is incineration, then destruction and removal
efficiencies (DREs) are applied to the transfer amount, and the releases are modeled using
ISCLT, as described above in the discussion of stack and fugitive air releases.
For off-site landfills, two major exposure pathways are considered: groundwater and
volatilization. These pathways are currently not modeled; however, users can examine pounds-
and hazard-based perspectives for these pathways.
RSEI Results
Because of the multi-functional nature of the model, a variety of results can be created. All
RSEI results start with an Indicator Element, which is a unique combination of chemical,
facility, exposure pathway, and year. Some Indicator Elements may be associated with certain
release and exposure pathways (e.g., direct water releases may be associated with exposure
from drinking water intakes, as well as fish ingestion from recreational fishing and from
subsistence fishing). Each Indicator Element has a set of associated results:
Risk-related results
Hazard-based results
Pounds-based results
Surrogate Dose x Toxicity Weight x
Population
Pounds x Toxicity Weight
TRI Pounds released
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Risk-related results. The toxicity, surrogate dose, and population components are multiplied
to obtain a risk score for the Indicator Element. The surrogate dose is determined through
pathway-specific modeling of the fate and transport of the chemical through the environment,
combined with subpopulation-specific exposure factors. The score is a unitless measure that is
not independently meaningful, but is a risk-related estimate that can be compared to other
estimates calculated using the same methods. If the Indicator Element cannot be modeled,
because of the lack of data needed for modeling or because the exposure pathway is not
currently modeled, then the risk-related score is zero. The model calculates risk-related results
for the entire population and also for the following subpopulations: children under 10, children
aged 10 to 17, males aged 18 to 44, females aged 18 to 44, and adults aged 65 and over. In
addition the model also calculates 'Modeled Pounds,' which is simply the number of pounds
that can be modeled for risk-related scores. Modeled pounds are the pounds to which fate and
transport modeling and exposure assumptions have been applied.
Hazard-based results. Each Indicator Element is also associated with a hazard-based result,
calculated by multiplying the pounds released by the chemical-specific toxicity weight for the
exposure route (oral or inhalation) associated with the release. For these results, no exposure
modeling or population estimates are involved. If there is no toxicity weight available for the
chemical, then the hazard score is zero.
The model also calculates 'Modeled Hazard,' which is the chemical-specific toxicity weights
multiplied by the Modeled Pounds (as described above), and 'Modeled Hazard * Pop,' which
multiplies modeled hazard by the exposed population, but without the fate and transport
modeling that would be found in risk-related results.
Pounds-based results. These results include only the pounds of releases reported to TRI, and
are available for all Indicator Elements. The model also provides TRI pounds with toxicity
weights, which just sums the pounds for the chemicals that have toxicity weights in the RSEI
model.
Once results are calculated for each Indicator Element, they can be combined in many different
ways. All of the results are additive, so a result for a specific set of variables is calculated by
summing all the relevant individual Indicator Element results, as follows:
where:
R = RSEI result, and
jg _ chemical-facility-pathway-specific
c'f>p Indicator Element result.
This method is very flexible, allowing for countless variation in the creation of results. For
example, results can be calculated for various subsets of variables (e.g., chemical, facility,
exposure pathway) and compared to each other to assess the relative contribution of each
subset to the total potential impact. Or, results for the same subset of variables for different
years can be calculated, to assess the general trend in pounds-based, hazard-based, or risk-
related impacts over time.
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It must be reiterated that while changes in results over the years would imply that there have
been changes in hazard- or risk-related environmental impacts, the actual magnitude of any
specific change or the reason for the change may not be obvious. Although the value itself may
be useful in identifying facilities or chemicals with the highest potential for hazard or risk, the
weight does not represent a quantitative estimate or provide an exact indication of the
magnitude of individual hazard or risk associated with that facility or chemical.
Analyses That Can be Performed Using the RSEI Model
Users of the model can perform a variety of screening-level analyses, usually in a matter of
minutes. Previously, such activities would have taken days, weeks, or even months to organize
the relevant information, evaluate that information, and perform the complex and sophisticated
analyses that are necessary to provide a risk-related perspective. Results can be used for
screening-level ranking and prioritization for strategic planning purposes, risk-related
targeting, and trends analyses. Considerable resources can be saved by conducting preliminary
analyses with the model to identify risk-related situations of high potential concern that warrant
further evaluation.
As noted above, users can evaluate releases using a number of variables, such as chemical,
medium, geographic area or industry. For instance, the following types of questions can be
investigated:
• How do industry sectors compare to one another from a risk-related perspective?
• What is the relative contribution of chemicals within a given industry sector?
• What release pathway for a particular chemical poses the greatest risk-related impacts?
Users can view pounds-based, hazard-based, and other results, to investigate the relative
influence of toxicity and population components on the risk-related results, which also
incorporate exposure modeling.
The model also contains fully integrated geographic capabilities. Users can select facilities
geographically and display maps. For a 101-kilometer square around a facility, the model will
automatically display grid-cell concentrations from chemical releases to air, and can sum the
overlapping release plumes. In addition, for any small geographic area, users can display the
population distribution for any age/gender population subgroup, and show the population- and
toxicity-weighted air concentrations by subgroup.
Information regarding the RSEI project is available on the RSEI website. Complete
documentation, frequently asked questions, and contact information are all posted on the site.
Periodic updates and troubleshooting information are also available for users.
Important Caveats Regarding the RSEI Chronic Human Health
Model
The RSEI Chronic Human Health model is a screening tool that provides a risk-related
perspective in assessing the relative impacts of releases of toxic chemicals. Risk-related results
are available for releases and transfers to air and water, and pounds- and hazard-based results
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction
are available for all media. RSEI combines estimates of toxicity, exposure level, and the
exposed population to provide risk-related comparisons. It does not provide a detailed or
quantitative assessment of risk, and is not designed as a substitute for more comprehensive,
site-specific risk assessments. There are a number of important considerations associated with
each component of the model, as described in the following sections.
Release Component
The following caveat should be considered regarding the release component of the model:
• RSEI uses facility-reported TRI data which is known to contain some reporting errors. Since
facility management must certify reports to be accurate, the TRI program does not change any
reported data until the reporting facility submits an official correction. Therefore, there are
some releases in the TRI data that are thought to be erroneous but are still included because
facilities have not submitted corrected reporting forms by the time of the annual public data
release that RSEI uses. Some of these releases are associated with large risk-related impacts.
One erroneous release warrants special note: a 2002 fugitive air release of 184,770 pounds of
nickel in Johnstown, PA probably overstates the release amount and may be assigned to the
wrong media.
Toxicity Component
The following caveats should be considered regarding the toxicity component of the model:
• Toxicity weights are not designed to (and may not) correlate with statutory criteria used for
listing and delisting chemicals in TRI. RSEI risk-related model results account for estimated
exposure and may not correlate with listing/de-listing decisions.
• The Chronic Human Health model only addresses chronic human toxicity (cancer and
noncancer effects, such as developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc.)
associated with long-term exposure and does not address concerns for either acute human
toxicity or environmental toxicity.
• Toxicity weights are based upon the single, most sensitive chronic human health endpoint for
inhalation or oral exposure pathways, and do not reflect severity of effects or multiple health
effects.
• Estimated Reference Doses and Reference Concentrations for noncancer effects incorporate
uncertainty factors which are reflected in toxicity weights that are based upon these values.
• Several significant assumptions are made regarding metals and metal compounds, because
important data regarding these chemicals are not subject to TRI reporting. Metals and metal
compounds are assumed to have the same toxicity weight, although the chronic toxicity of
some metal compounds may be higher. Metals and metal compounds are assumed to be
released in the valence (or oxidation state) associated with the highest chronic toxicity. The
only exception is chromium and chromium compounds, for which it is assumed that facilities
may release some combination of hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium. SIC-code
specific estimates from the 2002 National Emissions Inventory are used to estimate the fraction
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of each type (available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html). As
trivalent chromium has a very low toxicity, only the hexavalent fraction is modeled, using a
toxicity weight specifically for that valence state.
• While the physical form of released metals or metal compounds can affect toxicity, a
reasonable assumption is made regarding the likely form of most releases (e.g., the non-cancer
toxicity weight for chromic acid mists and dissolved hexavalent chromium aerosols is much
higher than for hexavalent chromium particulates, but releases of these chemicals as acid
aerosols are not expected to be typical so the toxicity weight for cancer based on the inhalation
of parti culates is used). Analysts need to consider these assumptions, and whether the gathering
of additional data is warranted, when examining model results for metals and metal
compounds.
Exposure Component
The following caveats should be considered regarding the exposure component of the model:
• Like other exposure models, RSEI estimates exposure levels. It does not yield actual
exposures. The model provides estimated air concentrations in each grid cell.
• The model uses some generic assumptions, e.g., default median stack heights, diameters, and
exit gas velocities related to 2- or 3-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes, or a
nationwide median, where facility-specific median stack height, diameter, and exit gas velocity
data are unavailable. For large facilities with multiple stacks, the median height for all stacks
is used as the stack height for the entire facility.
• In the current version of the model, only air and direct surface water exposures are fully
modeled.
• The model does not account for population activity patterns.
• The model has greater uncertainty when examining disaggregated results at the local or
facility level. The model does not account for indirect exposure, air deposition of pollutants to
other media, or absorption of pollutants through the skin.
Population Component
The following caveats should be considered regarding the population component of the model.
• Population values for non-decennial years are estimated based on linear interpolations at the
block level between the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census dates, and on extrapolations back to 1988
and forward to 2005.
• Drinking water populations are estimated by using the total drinking water populations
associated with individual downstream drinking water intakes. Estimated populations for the
fish ingestion pathway are based upon U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service surveys.
• Because RSEI results reflect changing population size at the local level, a facility's relative
contribution could increase or decrease even without changes in its releases over time. While
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the model is designed to reflect the overall risk-related impacts on the local population, such
population changes should be considered when examining a facility's environmental
management practices.
Strengths and Limitations of the Chronic Human Health Model
Strengths
The following are strengths of the model:
• The model provides important hazard-based and risk-related perspectives regarding the
impacts of TRI releases on chronic human health.
• The model quickly organizes and evaluates complex data. For example, the air exposure
model is combined with U.S. Census data to directly estimate the size of exposed populations
and subpopulations and the magnitude of their exposure, rather than assuming that all
individuals surrounding a facility are equally exposed.
• The model allows for greatly increased speed in performing screening analyses, thereby
conserving resources for conducting more precise, site-specific risk evaluations. In addition, its
use as a priority-setting tool allows resources to be focused in areas that will provide the
greatest potential risk reduction.
• The model can perform single- and multi-media analyses.
• Custom-designed selections can be based upon a wide range of variables.
• This adaptable method can model any chemical if toxicity characteristics, appropriate
physicochemical properties, release levels and release location are known or can be estimated.
• The model considers both cancer and non-cancer chronic human health endpoints.
• The RSEI method has been subject to repeated expert peer review.
• The model's methodology and assumptions are transparent. Complete and detailed
documentation of the RSEI model is available.
Limitations
The following are limitations of the model:
• RSEI results do not provide users with quantitative risk estimates (e.g., excess cases of
cancer).
• RSEI results do not evaluate individual risk.
• The model does not account for all sources of TRI chemicals; it only accounts for those
sources that are required to report to TRI. It also does not provide scores for all TRI chemicals,
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although chemicals without toxicity weights account for a very small percentage of total
releases and of total risk-related impacts.
• TRI does not account for all toxic chemicals.
• The model assumes that air concentrations of TRI chemicals are the same for indoor and
outdoor exposures, and that populations are continuously exposed.
• Dermal and food ingestion pathways (other than fish consumption), and some other indirect
exposure pathways are not evaluated.
• Acute health effects associated with short-term, periodic exposures to higher levels of these
same chemicals are not addressed.
• Ecological effects are not addressed.
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CHAPTER 2: Installation Instructions for CD-ROM
CHAPTER 2
Installation Instructions for CD-ROM
System Requirements
To install and run the RSEI model requires approximately 2 gigabytes of free hard disk space.
At least 512 megabytes of RAM is recommended. Users must also have Internet Explorer
Versions 3.0 or later installed on their computer to use the RSEI Help feature. Administration
rights are required for correct installation.
It is important to remove any previous versions of the model from your hard drive before you
install this version. Instructions on uninstalling the program are in the Uninstalling RSEI
section below.
These instructions assume you are using Windows 95, 98, NT4, 2000, or XP. It has not been
tested with Windows Vista. This version of the model will not work on earlier operating
systems, such as Windows 3.1. To install under Windows 2000 or Windows XP, you must
have administrator privileges. If you do not have administrator privileges, contact your
computer support personnel.
Early versions of the RSEI model could be run from the CD without an installation on the
user's hard drive. Beginning with Version 2.1, extensive data enhancements have increased the
size of the databases so that running from a CD is no longer possible, and all users must
perform the full hard drive installation. Beginning with Version 2.1.5, the installation CD only
contains data for Reporting Years 1996 through 2005. Previous years are available for
interested users.
Installing RSEI
1. Close all programs and disconnect or log out from any Local Area Network (LAN). Put the
RSEI Installation Disk in the CD-ROM drive.
2. The Installation Disk should begin the installation automatically. If it does not, click on the
Start button at the bottom left of your screen, then Run. In the space after 'Open:' type in
'D:\setup.exe.' Substitute the appropriate letter if your CD-ROM drive is labeled other than
'D.' Click OK.
3. Follow the prompts in the installation process. The RSEI model will install first, and then
the database driver (Borland's Database Engine, or BDE). You may get an error during the
BDE installation that says there is not enough disk space- this is due to an underestimation
of disk space and does not indicate a problem. Click to continue the installation and it will
finish normally. Depending on the speed of your computer, installation may take up to 15
minutes.
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CHAPTER 2: Installation Instructions for CD-ROM
Launching RSEI
When the installation is complete, the install wizard will ask if you want to launch the program.
Click Yes, and the RSEI interface will launch. Once RSEI is installed, the CD is not required to
run the program.
A good introduction to the many functions in RSEI is the set of three RSEI Tutorials, which
can be found in Chapter 4, or by clicking on the Tutorials button on the first screen of the
model. Once you are comfortable with the basic functions of the model, you can use RSEI to
customize your data output using maps, crosstab tables, sorted tables, filters, and graphs. You
can look at national-level results or the results for a single facility or chemical. Extensive help
is available by clicking the Help button at any point in the model, or in Chapters 5 through 9.
Note that the way the RSEI model appears on your screen will depend on your Windows
settings, including your screen resolution. If some of the displays appear truncated, click on the
Windows Start button, then 'Settings,' then 'Control Panel,' then 'Display,' then 'Settings.' In
the right-hand side of the screen, slide the levers under 'Display area' to the right one or two
notches.
Uninstalling RSEI
RSEI comes with its own Uninstall program that removes the entire program, ancillary files (*.
dll's), and accompanying databases.
However, it will not remove the 'user' directory (so that any tables you have created will not
be automatically lost) and the Borland Database Engine with its associated RSEI settings. You
can delete these manually if desired.
You do not need the CD-ROM to uninstall RSEI. Click on Start->Programs->RSEI->Uninstall
RSEI and follow the prompts.
The RSEI model can also be uninstalled using the Windows function under 'Settings.' You
may need to manually delete the C:\Program FilesVRSEI folder and its subdirectories. Do this
by using Windows Explorer, opening the view of the C: drive, and dragging the C:\Program
FilesVRSEI folder into the Recycle Bin. The disk space will not be freed up until you empty the
Recycle Bin.
Version 2.1.5 22 1996-2005 TRI Data
September 2007
-------
CHAPTER 3: Highlights of RSEI Version 2
CHAPTER 3
Highlights of RSEI Version 2
Version 2 of the RSEI model is a powerful and flexible tool. It allows for many different kinds
of analyses and many ways to customize your results.
Detailed Data
RSEI contains detailed data sets, several of which have been created or quality-assured
specifically for the model. Population data are taken from the two most recent decennial
Censuses at the block level, and translated onto the model grid geographically for greater
accuracy. Off-site facilities have been assigned to their actual locations where possible, and
locations for TRI reporting facilities are taken from EPA's centralized Locational Reference
Tables (LRT). Extensive physicochemical and toxicity data for reported chemicals have been
collected and frequently updated, and detailed (age- and sex-specific, where possible) exposure
factors are used.
Extended Air Modeling
RSEI's air modeling methodology has been revised to more accurately represent
concentrations very close to the facility. In addition, previous versions only modeled
concentrations out to 10 km from the facility; the current version models out to 50 km to better
reflect the extended plumes associated with very tall stacks.
Fully Integrated Geographic Capabilities
RSEI allows you to easily select and display facilities geographically. Just by clicking a button,
you can display the population density and specific concentrations from chemical releases to
air surrounding a facility for a specific release. In addition, for any small geographic area, you
can display the population distribution for any population subgroup, and show the population-
weighted air concentrations by subgroup. Overlapping plumes can be counted as well.
Flexible Query Options
Selections can be performed based on any variables included in the model. Boolean-type logic
allows you to exclude and include different sets in the same selection. The query builder is
powerful and flexible, now allowing for any conceivable combination of criteria.
Custom and Preformatted Display Options
The Crosstab tables option allows you to tabulate your selection using any model variables you
choose, and includes sophisticated options like filters, sorted tables, and graphs, and the ability
to collapse and expand rows and columns, and switch row and column variables. You can
create multiple crosstab tables based on the same selection and save and reload different tables.
Version 2.1.5 23 1996-2005 TRI Data
September 2007
-------
CHAPTER 3: Highlights of RSEI Version 2
For quick results, the model provides preformatted displays like a list of facilities and releases
in your selection, time trend graphs, ranked tables, and annual maps.
Enhanced Export Options
You can export tables and lists to many different formats, including Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-
2-3, and dBase files.
Fast Processing
Depending on the size of the resulting set and the speed of your PC, selections and custom
tables may take just a few minutes (or even seconds) to create.
Results for Subpopulations
You can examine total pounds, and hazard-weighted and risk-related modeling scores for
children 0-9 years of age, children 10-17 years of age, women 18-44 years of age, men 18-44
years of age, and adults 65 years and over separately from the general population.
Tribal Land Identifier
You can select and examine facilities that are on tribal lands.
Changes in Version 2.1.5
Includes TRI Reporting Years 1996-2005.
Facility locations now use EPA's Locational Reference Tables (LRT) as the primary source for
latitude and longitude.
More facilities have site-specific stack information.
Toxicity weights have been updated.
Chromium speciation model is applied at the SIC code level.
Metals and metal compounds are modeled and reported together as a single category.
Version 2.1.5 24 1996-2005 TRI Data
September 2007
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
CHAPTER 4
Quick Start Tutorials
RSEI tutorials are designed to give you a quick introduction to how the model works, and how
to quickly find basic information that most users are interested in. There are three tutorials
currently available in this chapter to help acquaint you with various aspects of the model.
Remember that while you are working in the RSEI model, you can always refer to Help for
information on model features.
Tutorial 1
An important use of the RSEI model is to identify areas that have potentially high risk-related
impacts. This exercise will walk you through several different ways of doing this. First, you
will perform a national-level selection for the year 2002. You will look at the results by media
and state, and examine the data using several different preformatted functions included in the
RSEI model.
Step 1.1 Perform a National-Level Selection
The first step in any analysis using the RSEI model is to determine the set of elements you
wish to select. This is done by performing a selection. Open up the model to display the RSEI
Welcome screen. Click on the Select button at the top left of the menu panel. This brings up
the Select elements... screen. Here, you can select elements based on any variables included in
the model, including chemical characteristics, geographic location of the facility, year, and
many more. You do this by creating a set of selection statements. For this exercise, we will
create a very simple selection statement.
An element is the building block of the RSEI model, and is generated
for each exposure pathway for each chemical release. For instance, a
release of the chemical benzene to air via a stack from the 'ABC'
Facility in 1999 is an 'Indicator Element.'
Note that if you have done any selections since installing the RSEI model, your last selection
statement will appear on the Select elements... screen. Click on the Clear button to remove
previous selection statements. You will see a line of text on the screen, 'Choose records where
aU of the following apply'. This is a bracket statement that tells the model what to do with the
information that comes next. You can change the bracket statement from 'all' to 'any', 'none',
or 'not all' by clicking on the 'all' and selecting an option from the drop down menu. But for
now let it remain 'all'. Click on the circle to the left of the text, and select 'Add condition'.
Version 2.1.5 25 1996-2005 TRI Data
September 2007
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Selection statements tell the model what releases you wish to select.
Selection statements are comprised of bracket statements that tell the
model to select records where all, any, none, or not all of the conditions
apply and condition statements, that specify exactly what your
conditions are.
The condition statement contains the criteria you use to select your releases.
You will see the following text line:
1. Chemical Flags.Year Chemical Added is equal to
Click on the first part of the text line, and a drop-down menu will appear. This menu contains
all of the variables contained in the model that you can use in your selection statements. They
are grouped according to the type of variable. Click on the group 'Submission'. To the right
you will see another menu with all of the variables in this group. Click on 'Year'.
The text line will change to 1. Submission. Year is equal to . Click on the blank at the end of
the line, and select '2002' from the list.
"2; Select elements...
['Cancel]
(J1 Choose records where ajj of the following apply:
(T.) Submission.Year is equal to 2002
~ Enter Description
Select Elements... Screen
This will now select all TRI-reported releases that occurred in 2002. Click somewhere in the
window outside of the box you just typed in, so that the entire text line is blue (this enters your
change). Click on the Submit button at the top of the Select elements... screen to submit the
selection. The model may take a few minutes to complete the task.
Version 2.1.5
September 2007
26
1996-2005 TRI Data
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
If you accidentally submit an incomplete or inaccurate selection
statement, you cannot stop the submission or go back to the statement
until the model has processed your submission completely. Once the
model is done, click on the Select button again to reopen the Select
Elements... screen, correct the selection statement, and resubmit it.
When the model is done with the selection, the Select elements... screen will disappear. The
number of facilities, chemical releases, and elements that are selected in your set will be
displayed in the top right corner of the screen.
Now that you have your selected set of scores, you can analyze them in different ways. To get
a quick summary of the differences in risk-related impacts between states, click on Thematic
Maps at the top of the screen.
The model will display a U.S. map, where variations in color represent differing levels in
impacts. Your map may show Alaska and Hawaii; if you want to see only the continental U.S.,
click and drag the map to the left until Hawaii and Alaska no longer show. The legend at the
left side of the screen shows the values that correspond to the colors on the map. The map will
currently show all gray because the map is set to 2005 as the default data year. To switch to
2002, select from the drop-down menu next to Select Year. Also, make sure that the Theme
box shows ' Score'. If you want to increase the size of the map, draw the outline of a box
around the area you want to enlarge with the cursor while holding down the right mouse
button. To outline the states, click on the Show feature outlines box.
RSEIVersion2.:L5
Select
Export
Print
Help
Data
Close
21,448 facilities selected
248,620 releases selected
334,419 elements selected
Start
Selected Facilities Browser Summary | Thematic Maps
Gusto tnTables
Select Year:
Theme: [Score
(• State r County Zoom out | f~ Show feature outlines
^\ Value: 85,753
Range: 324.3-5,040,057
Mean: 650,673
Sum: 33,184,300
StdDev:1,019,156
No data: | ~|
(Value of-99.00 displayed.)
324.3
324.3-22,032
22,032-39,181
39,181-85,753
35,753-162,864
162,864-217,579
217.579-336.513
336,518-619,349
619,349-750,778
750,778-5,040,057
Idle
Memory: 7,296kb
Thematic Map of All 2002 Scores
Version 2.1.5
September 2007
27
1996-2005 TRI Data
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Step 1.2 Results by State
To get a more detailed look at 2002 scores, you can break down your national-level selection
by state. Click on the Custom Tables button at the end of the second row of menu buttons at
the top of the screen, and the screen shown below will appear.
£S RSEI Version 2.1.5
Select
Export
Print
Help
Data
Close
21.448 facilities selected
248,620 releases selected
334,419 elements selected
Start
Selected Facilities Browser Summary Thematic Maps
Non-Empty Cells:
Non-Zero Cells: **
New Table Load Table
Filter
CustomTables
Options
value Selected
Graph Sorted Table I
Idle
Memory: 7,296 fcb
Custom Tables Screen
In this screen you can create and customize crosstab tables, based on any combination of
variables you choose. To create a new crosstab table, click on the New Table button. The
Select Dimensions screen will appear. This screen lists all the variables included in the RSEI
model. The variables are listed in the form 'Data table.variable name', where the data table is
similar to the variable group used in the Select elements... screen. A complete listing of all
variables is provided in Chapter 5.
Select the rows and columns that you want to appear in the crosstab table. You may select any
number of variables, but selecting more than two or three will greatly increase the time needed
to generate the table and the complexity of reading the table. Note that the various RSEI
outputs (e.g. pounts, hazard score, risk-related score, etc.) will be the contents of the cells of
the crosstab. You do not need to specify RSEI outputs at this point.
Version 2.1.5
September 2007
28
1996-2005 TRI Data
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Select Dimensions
I ! Chemical.Added
D Chemical.CAA Flag
[ ] Chemical. CERCLA Flaq
D Chemical. CAS Number
I i Chemical. CAS Standard
D Chemical. Chemical
i t Chemical.Full Chemical Name
D Chemical. Core Chemical Flag
[ ! Chemical.Mini Core Chemical Flag
D Chemical.1998 Core Chemical Flag
1 t Chemical. Expansion Flaq
D Chemical.HAP Flag
U Chemical. Metal
CD Chemical.OSHA Carcinogens
t | Chemical. Priority Pollutant Flag
[ ] Chemical. SDWA Flag
[J Chemical. Toxicity Category
[ ! Chemical. Totficity Class - Inhale
U Chemical. Toxicity Class - Oral
[ f Chemical. ToKicity Source
D Chemical.User Tag 1
I i Chemical.User Tag 2
D Chemical.User Tag 3
i t Chemical.User Tag 4
PI Chemical.User Tag 5
[ i Chemical. 33/50 Flag
D Chemical. PBT Flag
I f Chemical.HFV Flag
G Chemical.HFV Challenge
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
BSfl^BWW^^^^^^^^^^piir : « """ ",'.'":• -i»i xi
Select | E
Start Selected
HiUjyB?
Non-EmpV Cells: "
Non-Zero Cells: 30
| Table Graph
Value H
IPcL^lj
H^^^^^^^l
1 Fugitive Air
±
Idle
2 Stack Air
3 Direct Water
401 Und Inj (Clas
402 Und Inj (Clas
520 Land Treatrr
530 Surface Impi
540 Other Land t
560 Other Landfil
530 RCRA Sutatit
BPOTWTransff
71 0 Offsite Stora
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Select j Export 1 Print j Help
Start Selected Facilities Browser Summary
7 by 54
Non-EmpV Cells: ;
Non-Zero Cells: 30
| Table Graph
Value H
.Pet •
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3DirectWater
6POTWTransfe
750 Offsite Indne
754 Offsite Indne
'iiiilii
jijj
Idle
New!
B Value
Sorted Table
HHH9III
1 5,874
0.0474
12,287
0.0367
0
3.909
1.167E-05
0.0271
8.073E-08
0.1902
5.677E-07
28,165
00841
"able LoadTs
I Data
j Close |
Thematic Maps CustomTablf
ble Filter Options
Se ected Risk-related Results ^j
AL
546,933
1.632
161,334
0.4815
1,207,903
3.605
20,600
00615
182.8
5.457E-04
29.30
8.924E-05
1,937,043
5.781
AR
64,610
0.1928
64,917
0.1937
78,500
0.2343
9,054
0.0270
430.9
0.0013
67.02
2.000E-04
217,579
0.6493
AZ
111,692
0.3333
33,051
0.0986
10,633
0.0317
7.480
0.0223
8.218
2.452E-05
0.7241
2.161E-06
162,864
0.4860
CA
233,085
0.6956
354,864
1.059
977,857
2.918
1,252,592
3.738
830.2
0.0025
46.43
1.386E-04
2,819,273
8.413
21,448 facilities selected
248,620 releases selected
334,41 9 elements selected
2002 State by Media
CO
212,832
06351
73,904
0.2205
42,077
0.1256
7.540
0.0225
164.7
4.915E-04
0.5033
1.502E-06
336,518
1.004
P
CT
39,665
0.1184
35,702
0.1065
14,136
0.0422
16,558
0.0494
80.67
2.407E-04
4.735
1.413E-05
106,147
0.3168
DC
7,239
0.0216
1,973
0.0059
0
2.599
7.757E-06
9,215
0.0275
DE
18,93:
0.056'
18,37!
0.056I
514.1
0.001!
686.:
0.002I
3.60.
1.076E-0!
8.43'
2.535E-0!
39,18'
0.116!
Jj
Memory: 7,296 kb
Crosstab Table, Zero-Only Rows Removed
Any time you change the 'Value Selected', you should collapse and
expand the rows and columns to refresh the table. Otherwise, rows or
columns that were not shown originally because all of the values were
zero may not show when the summary is changed, even if in the new
summary their values are non-zero.
Because the crosstab table displays so much information at one time, sometimes it is useful to
quickly summarize the information in the table. The Sorted Table function works from the
crosstab table's current display and shows each cell in descending order. Click on the Sorted
Table button and the screen shown below will appear.
Version 2.1.5
September 2007
31
1996-2005 TRI Data
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
;,RSEI Version 2.1.5
21,448 facilities selected
248,620 releases selected
334,419 elements selected
Start
Selected Facilities Browser
Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
7 by 54
Non-Empty Cells: 313
Non-Zero Cells: 306
New Table Load Table
Filter
Options
2002 State by Media
Value Selected
Risk-related Results
Table Graph | Sorted Table
Rank State MediaText
Value
Percent Cumulative Value Cumulative Percent
~
2 PA
3 PA
CA
5 UT
6 AL
7 OH
8 TX
9 CA
10TX
11 IL
12 IL
13 VA
14 OH
15TX
16TX
17 AL
IB IN
19 PA
20 IN
21 MO
22 LA
3DirectWater
1 Fugitive Air
3DirectWater
6 POTW Transfer
1 Fugitive Air
3DirectWater
1 Fugitive Air
6 POTW Transfer
3DirectWater
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitive Air
6 POTW Transfer
2 Stack Air
3DirectWater
1 Fugitive Air
1 Fugitive Air
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
3DirectWater
2,354,238.206
2,179,075.413
2,172,371.269
1,252,591.834
1,249,909.445
1,207,903.015
1,097,279.826
1,007,111.937
977,856.865
881,467.377
865,226026
726,049.831
669,963.493
646,992.5
636,59581
553,401.055
546,992.835
511,770.273
488,199.904
413,987.684
397,490.923
381,964.05
7.026
6.503
6463
3.738
3.73
3605
3.275
3.005
2.918
2631
2.582
2167
1.999
1.937
1.9
1.651
1.632
1.527
1.457
1.235
1 186
1.14
2,354,238.206
4,533,313.618
6,705,684.907
7,958,276.741
9,208,186.186
10,416,089.201
11,513,369.027
12,520,480.964
13,498,337.829
14,379,805.206
15,245,031.231
15,971,081.062
16,641,044.555
17,290,037.055
17,926,632.865
18.480,033.92
19,027,026.755
19,538,797.028
20,026,996.933
20,440,984.616
20,838,475.539
21,220,439.589
7.026
13.529
20012
23.75
2748
31 084
34.359
37.364
40.283
42913
45.495
47662
49.661
51.598
53.498
55149
56.782
58.309
59766
61 001
62.188
63.327
j
Memory: 7,296 kb
Sorted Table, State by Media
This table shows each state-medium combination, listed in descending order of risk-related
impact. The sixth column, 'Cumulative Value', shows the total value of the score for each
entry and all of those above it. The 'Cumulative Percent' column functions in a similar way.
You can see that direct water releases in Indiana account for slightly more than 7 percent of the
total risk-related impact in the country.
To do a more direct comparison of states, go back to the custom table by clicking on the Table
button. Collapse the rows by clicking on the minus sign to the left of the 'Media Text' row
header. Then click on the Sorted Table button again. This time, instead of showing state-
media combinations, the table only shows the state rankings. You can see that Pennsylvania is
the state with the highest calculated risk-related impact, accounting for more than 15 percent of
the nation's total.
Version 2.1.5
September 2007
32
1996-2005 TRI Data
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
;,RSEI Version 2.1.5
21,448 facilities selected
248,620 releases selected
331,419 elements selected
Start
Selected Facilities Browser
Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
1 by 54
Non-Emply Cells: 0
Non-Zero Cells: 0
New Table Load Table
Filter
Options
2002 State by Media
Value Selected
Risk-related Results
Table Graph j Sorted Table
Rank
•
2
3
A
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IB
19
20
21
22
State Value
PA
Rercent Cumulative Value Cumulative Percent
IN
TX
CA
OH
AL
IL
UT
VA
IA
NC
MO
Wl
TN
GA
KY
NY
Ml
FL
SC
CO
VW
5,010,056.933
3,382,128.818
3,134,736.751
2,813,273.37
1,986,658.038
1,937,043.335
1,759,572.839
1,559,025.123
984,820.796
915,380.243
750,777.937
724,616.021
685,995.662
647,422.15
643,833.192
619,348.877
583,787.266
576.070.172
492,661.436
380,290.231
336,517.778
329,277.227
15.041
10.093
9534
8.413
5.929
5.781
5.251
4.653
2.939
2.732
2.241
2.162
2.047
1.932
1.921
1.848
1.742
1.719
1.47
1.135
1.004
0.983
5,040,056.939
8,422,185.757
11,616.922508
14,436,195.878
16,422,853.916
18,359,897.311
20,119,47015
21.678.495.273
22,663,316.07
23,578,696.313
24,329,47425
25,054,090.271
25,740,085.933
26,387,508.083
27,031,341 275
27,650,690152
28,234,477.418
28,810,547.59
29,303,209.026
29,683,499.257
30,020,017.035
30,349,294.262
15.041
25.134
34.668
43.081
49.01
54.791
60.042
64.694
67.633
70.365
72.606
74.768
76.815
78.747
80.669
82.517
84.259
85.978
87.449
88.583
89588
90.57
Memory: 7,296 kb
Sorted Table, by State Only
You can also look at the results graphically. Click on the Graph button above the table, and
the following screen will appear:
Version 2.1.5
September 2007
33
1996-2005 TRI Data
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Select | Export | Print
Start Selected Facilities Browser
1 by 54
Non-Empty Cells: 0
Non-Zero Cells: 0
Table | Graph
| [Id it Title j| E
J
S
New Table
Help
jmmary
Load Tab
Vaue Se ected
Sorted T
JitFootnot
able
3 E
4,500,000
4.000,000
3.500.000
&
$ 3.000.000
1
| 2.500.000-
•S 2,000,000
o:
1,500,000
1.000,000
500.000
n n
Data
Thematic Maps
e Filter
Close |
CustomTsble
Options
|Risk-reated Results
Jet Title/Footnote size J8 ^}
n
IL. iiii
AK AR AZ CO
.n
n
nil- I
i
1
d
n.
21, «8 facilities selected
248,620 releases selected
334,41 9 elements selected
2002 State by Media
]
DC FL GU IA ID L IN KS LA MO MIMN MP MT ND NH NM NY
Stele
Source: EPA Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators Model Version 2.1 .5
Fife Name: 2002 State by Media
Model Selection:Risk-relatefl Results
Tit
D
1
d
„[
ID
OK PA RISC TfJ UT VIVT Wl WY
Idle
• 2S.16E.213 AK
• 1,937, 043.395 AL
D 217. 579.338 AR
• OAS
D 162,863.836 AZ
• 2,819.273.37 CA
• 336,51 7.778 CO
• 106, 146. BBS CT
• 9,214.516 DC
• 39,180.548 DE
• 492,661. 436 FL
• 643.833.1 92 GA
• OGU
D 40.773.772 HI
D 281 ,736. 552 IA
• 17,903.617 D
• 1.759,572 339 IL
• 3,382,128.618 IN
D 246,671. 797 KS
• 619,348.877 KY
D 91 5,380.243 LA
• 85.752.901 MA
• 194,842.7 MD
• 22,031 987 ME
• 576,070.172 Ml
• 86,601. 718 UN
D 724.616 021 MO
Memory: 7,296 kb
Custom Graph, Total for All Media for All States
This graph is hard to interpret, due to the number of states shown. To limit the number of
states, perhaps to just those in the top five of the sorted table, click the Filter button at the top
of the screen, and the Set Filter screen will appear.
Version 2.1.5
September 2007
34
1996-2005 TRI Data
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Set Filter :
Choose variable to filter
llMediaTeisi
pS^^^^^^^H
Choose values to selecl
AK
1 A 1
_J AL
AR
AS
AZ
V CA
CO
CT
' DC
DE
FL
-------
CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
the blank at the end of the line, type in the abbreviation for Indiana, 'IN'. Remember that fields
for which you must type the selection criteria are case sensitive. Click somewhere else in the
window aside from the box you just typed in, to enter your change (all of the text in the line
will then turn blue). Your selection statement should look like the one below. Click Submit.
The model may take a few minutes to complete the task.
- Select elemenl^|3J|l|
Open
Save
( } Choose records where a|] of the following apply:
(JL) Submission.Year is equal to 2002
(2) Facililfy Location.State is equal to W
Enter Description (optional)
The Select Elements... Screen
When the model is done with the selection, the Select elements... screen will disappear. The
number of facilities, chemical releases, and elements that are selected in your set will be
displayed in the top right corner of the screen.
Step 2.2 Results for Indiana, Chemical by Media
Click on the Custom Tables button at the end of the second row of menu buttons at the top of
the screen. Now we will look at what chemicals are being released by facilities in Indiana, and
the media into which they are released. Click New Table, and select 'Chemical.Chemical', and
'Release.Media Text'. The selections for your previous table will still be displayed, so make
sure to deselect them. Similarly, the name of the previous table will be displayed in the 'Name'
box at the bottom of the screen. Delete that name, and type in a new name for this table, for
instance, 'Indiana 2002 Chemical by Media'. Hit Run! and the model will create your new
table. The table may take a few minutes to generate; when it does you will see the following
screen (if the graph is still displaying, click on the Table button):
Version 2.1.5
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1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
_,RSE1 Version 2.1.5
Select j Export 1 Print
Start Selected Facilities Browser
7 by 1 38
Non-EmpV Cells: l
Non-Zero Cells: 44
| Table Graph
Value H
.Pet •
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3DirectWater
GPOTWTransfe
750 Offsite Indne
754 Offsite Indne
jjjj|||f|
J1JJ
Idle
New!
"at
/ "• f: ";' '"
J -HB|P
Summary
le LoadTs
7 Value Se ect
Sorted Table
^^^^^^^^1
1,1,1,2-Tetrachlo
0.0037
1.108E-07
0.0030
8.B44E-08
0.3519
1.040E-05
6.427E-06
1.908E-10
0.3586
1.068E-05
1,1
I Data
j Close |
Thematic Maps || CustomTablf
ble Filter Options
3d (Risk-related Results j
,1-Trichloroet
0.0022
6.583E-08
8.0403
1.193E-06
0.0741
2.191E-OE
0.1167
3.450E-06
1,2,4-Trichlorobs
6.808E-04
2.013E-08
0.0017
5.137E-08
0.0024
7.150E-08
1,2,4-Trimethylbi
5,925
0.1752
7,783
0.2301
7,819
0.2312
162.5
0.0048
2.778
8.213E-05
0.0426
1.260E-06
21,692
0.6414
1,2-Dichloroben*
8.7391
2.185E-B5
8.1135
3.355E-B6
8.0155
4.584E-07
0.1290
3.815E-06
0.9971
2.948E-05
.|fl|x|
972 facilities selected
11,632 releases selected
15,433 elements selected
Indiana 2002 Chemical by Media
1,2-Dichloroetha
5.522
1.633E-04
1.764
5.217E-05
01699
5.025E-06
7.456
2.205E-04
P
1,3-Butadiene
9.331
2.759E-84
1.422
4.205E-05
10.75
3.180E-04
1,3-Phenylenedi
18.37
5.432E-04
0.0014
4.281E-08
18.37
5.432E-04
1-Chloro-1.1-dif
0.222'
6.567E-OI
8.222'
6567E-8I
Jj
Memory: 8,320 kb
Crosstab Table, Chemical by Media for Indiana, 2002
If you do not see the rows, click on the plus sign in the leftmost cell to expand the row
dimension. Each cell of this table shows the risk-related score for each chemical-medium
combination in Indiana.
To get an idea of the relative contribution of each combination, click on Sorted Table. This
table shows the individual and cumulative contribution of each chemical-medium combination
to the total impact in Indiana in 2002, in descending order.
Version 2.1.5
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
_,RSEI Version 2.1.5
Select Export I Print j
Start Selected Facilities Browser Sum
Help J Data J
mary Thematic Maps
37 by 1 64 f NewTable j| Load Table Filter
Non-Empty Cells; 1291 i.--^^^^^^^;;;^ —
Non-Zero Cells; 44? value Se ected
Table Graph 1 1 Sorted Table
Rank Chemical
(Risk-related Results
i
Close I
CustomTable
Options
Indiana 2
d
MediaText Value Percent Cumulative Value
1 Mercury and mercury compounds 3 Direct Water 2,056,1 64.784 60.795 2,056,1 64.784
2 Manganese and manganese compounds 1 FugitveAir 341,973.267 10.111 2,398,138.051
3 Lead and lead compounds
A Poly cyclic aromatic compounds
3DirectWater
3DirectWater
5 Manganese and manganese compounds 2 Stack Air
6 Nickel and nickel compounds
7 Sulfuric acid
8 Arsenic and arsenic compounds
9 Lead and lead compounds
1 0 Nickel and nickel compounds
11 Chromium and chrorn um compounds
1 2 Lead and lead compounds
13 Mercury and mercury compounds
14 Copper and copper compounds
15 Chlorine
16 Cobalt and cobalt compounds
17 Triethylamine
1 8 Chromium and chrom um compounds
19 Diisocyanates
20 Diisocyanates
21 Lead and lead compounds
22 Glycol ethers
Idle
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitve Air
1 Fugitve Air
6 POTW Transfer
6 PQTW Transfer
3 Direct Water
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitve Air
2 Stack Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitve Air
1 Fugitve Air
6 POTW Transfer
116,906.282
102,138.85
90,921.122
60,951.618
57,181.252
39,106.011
36,922.972
35,761.762
35,115.077
33,933.715
31,891.691
22,681.275
22,189.091
19,958.551
15,786.012
15.346.44*1
11,837.162
11,517095
11,225.811
12,555.262
4.344 2,515,011.333
3.02 2,617,183.183
2.688 2,738,101.305
1.802 2,799,055.953
1.7 2,856,510.205
.156 2,835,616.213
.092 2,932,569.221
.057 2,968,330.383
.039 3,003,176.06
.003 3,037,109.775
0.913 3,069,301.163
0.671 3,031,385.711
0.656 3,111,171.838
0.59 3,131,133.389
0.167 3,119,913.132
0.151 3,165,265.875
0.139 3,180,103.337
0.13 3,191,650.132
0.121 3,208,876.216
0.371 3,221,131.509
.|S|x|
972 facilities selected
11,632 releases selected
15,133 elements selected
D02 Chemical by Media
Cumulative Percent H
60.795 j
70.906
7525
78.27
80.958
82.76
81.16
85.616
86.708
87.765
88.801
89.808
90.751
91.121
92.077
92.667
93.131
93.588
91.027
91.157
91.877
95.219 ,
Memory: 7,296 kb
Sorted Table, Chemical by Media for Indiana, 2002
You can see from this table that over 60 percent of the calculated score in Indiana for 2002 is
due to direct water releases of Mercury and mercury compounds (the single category that
comprises both TRI reporting categories, 'Mercury' and 'Mercury compounds'). To look at the
rankings only by chemical, go back to the Table screen and collapse the rows by clicking on
the minus sign to the left of 'Media Text', and then click again on the Sorted Table button, as
we did in Tutorial 1. The table is shown below. You can see that, when releases to all media
are considered, Mercury and mercury compounds has the highest risk-related results, and
Manganese and manganese compounds has the second-ranked highest risk-related results.
Version 2.1.5
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1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
_, RSEI Version 2.1.5 ":,";-'
Select Export I Print
Start Selected Facilities Browser Sun
1 by 138 New Table
Non-EmpV Cells. 0
Non-Zero Cells: 0 Value Se ectec
Help | Data ]
imary Thematic Maps
Load Table Filter
(Risk-related Results
Table Graph \ Sorted Table
(Rank Chemical
1 Mercury and mercury compounds
Value Percent
2,088,282.39 61.745
MJ^Manganese and manganese compounds 433,000406 12.80^
3 Lead and lead compounds
4 Polycydic aromatic compounds
5 Nickel and nickel compounds
6 Sulfuric acid
7 Chromium and chromium compounds
8 Arsenic and arsenic compounds
9 Copper and copper compounds
10 Diisocyanates
11 Chlorine
12 Cobalt and cobalt compounds
13 Triethylamine
14 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
15 Glycol ethers
1 6 Antimony and antimony compounds
1 7 Thallium and thallium compounds
18 Hydrochloric acid
19 Toluenediisocyanate
20 Sodium nitrite
21 Aluminum (fume or dust)
22 Xylene (mixed isomers)
Idle
231,988.786 6.859
114,118417 3374
97,873.682 2.894
58,614.648 1.733
50,765283 1501
49,275821 1457
33,337.44 0986
29,384.557 0.869
26,346.28 0.779
24,433.16 0.722
23,127.751 0684
21,691815 0641
20,026.097 0.592
9,072.09 0.268
8,356127 0247
8,162.018 0.241
5,290.676 0.156
4,955.083 0.147
4,748.208 0.14
4,597925 0136
|l
972 facilities selected
11,632 releases selected
15,433 elements selected
Options
Indiana 2002 Chemical by Media
Cumulative Value Cumulative Percent
2,068.282.39
2,521,282.796
2,753,271.582
2,867,389.999
2,965,263.681
3,023,878.329
3,074643.612
3,123,919.133
3,157,256.872
3,186,611.429
3,212,987.71
3,237,420.87
3,260,548.621
3,282,240.436
3,302,266.532
3,311,338.623
3,319,694.75
3,327,856.768
3,333,147.444
3,338,102.527
3,342,850.735
3,347,448.66
61.745
74547
81.406
84.781
87.674
89.408
90909
92.365
93.351
94.22
94.999
95.721
96.405
97.047
97.639
97907
98154
98.395
98.552
98.839
98.975
Memory: 7,296 kb
Sorted Table, Chemical Only for Indiana, 2002
While in the Sorted Table, you can change the selection in the 'Value Selected' drop-down
box, and see the rankings of chemicals by TRI Pounds, Hazard, or other model results. You
will notice that the rankings can change quite dramatically. The change can be for a number of
reasons. One very common reason is illustrated by the releases for Zinc and zinc compounds,
which ranks first in TRI Pounds, but 34th in the Risk-related Results perspective. The reason
for this is that approximately 80 million pounds (99 percent of the 81 million total pounds) of
the Zinc and zinc compounds releases are transferred to off-site recycling or disposal facilities
or landfilled. The RSEI model does not consider the risk (if any) that may result from these
pathways, so these releases are not reflected in the ranking by Risk-related Results.
When analyzing RSEI results, another factor to keep in mind is that while RSEI uses the best
available data, inevitably some data sets will contain errors, and some assumptions are made in
the absence of sufficient data. For instance, in this selection, the top chemical-medium
combination by risk-related impact are direct water releases of Mercury and mercury
compounds. This could simply reflect releases that are resulting in high risk-related impact.
However, the results could also be affected by some of the data used or the assumptions that
are made in modeling the water pathways, such as the locations of various points used in the
Version 2.1.5
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1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
exposure modeling: the facility effluent pipe, drinking water intakes, or the number of people
exposed through drinking water or fishing. The second highest chemical-medium combination
is fugitive air releases of Manganese and manganese compounds, which may be affected by the
assumptions used in modeling air releases, such as average weather patterns, population
placement, etc. RSEI results are screening level only, and should be followed up with further
analysis.
Step 2.3 Time Trend Analysis for High-Ranking Chemicals
You might want to see the trend in the releases of Indiana's high-ranking chemicals over
several years, to see if releases and scores are increasing or decreasing. To do this, begin by
modifying the last selection statement to limit the selected set to releases of these chemicals
only. Click on the Select button to return to the Select elements... screen. The two statements
used in the previous selection will still be showing:
1. Submission. Year is equal to 2002
2. Facility Location. State is equal to IN
Click on the circle to left of the first statement, and then click on 'Add Bracket'. The line of
text, 'all of the following apply' will appear. This is a bracket statement telling the model how
to interpret the list of conditions that will follow. We are going to add a list of four chemicals,
and we want releases for any of them to be selected, so click on 'all' and then click on 'any' in
the drop down list. The text line should now say 'any of the following apply'.
You will now add your list of chemicals. Click on the text, 'Chemical Flags. Year Chemical
Added', and then click on 'Chemical Identifiers', then 'Chemical'.'Chemical Identifiers.
Chemical' will show in the text line. Click on the blank at the end of the text line, and a screen
will pop up that lists all of the chemicals included in the RSEI model. Scroll through the list
until you come to the first chemical to select, 'Mercury and mercury compounds'. Click on that
chemical, and it will appear in the text line in your selection statement. Click on the '3.1' at the
beginning of the line, and click 'Add Condition'. Repeat these steps to select 'Manganese and
manganese compounds', 'Lead and lead compounds', and 'Polycyclic aromatic compounds'.
In order to look at time trends, you need to make another modification to your selection
statement. In the first condition statement, which says 'Submission.Year is equal to 2002',
click on the 'is equal to'. Click on 'is between' in the drop down menu. The text line should
now say 'Submission.Year is between 2002 and '. Click on '2001', and select '1996' from
the list. Then click on the last blank and select '2005' from the list. The model will now select
any releases of the four chemicals in Indiana in the years 1996 through 2005. Note that the 'is
between' operator is inclusive.
Because you are doing a time trend, it is important not to inadvertently introduce other factors
into your analysis. For Reporting Year 1998, TRI added a number of new industries that had
not previously been required to report to TRI. If these facilities are not accounted for in the
time trend analysis, the results for 1998 and after will look much higher than those for previous
years, simply because more facilities are included. If you exclude the new reporters, you will
be working with the same set of facilities for all years, and so will get a more accurate sense of
the trend over time.
Version 2.1.5 41 1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
To exclude these facilities, create a new bracket statement by clicking on the first empty circle,
and clicking on 'Add Bracket'. In the new line that appears, change the 'all' to 'none'. Click on
the first part of the new condition statement, and select 'Facility Industry', then 'SIC Code 1'.
Click on the blank space at the end of the line, and in the window that appears, select the first
code, 1021 [Copper Ores]. Then add a new condition by clicking on the '4.1' at the beginning
of the line, and click on 'Add Condition'. Then repeat the same steps, but instead selecting
1031 in the SIC code window. Do this for each of the following SIC codes: 1041, 1044, 1061,
1099, 1221, 1222, 1231, 4911, 4931, 4939, 4953, 5169, 5171, and 7389. In order to view the
entire selection statement, you will need to maximize the 'Select elements...' window. Your
selection statement should look like the one below.
o Choose records where all of the following apply
1. Submission. Year is between 1996 and 2005
2. Facility.Location.State is equal to IN
3. any of the following apply
3.1 Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Mercury and mercury compounds
3.2 Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Manganese and manganese
compounds
3.3 Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Lead and lead compounds
3.4 Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Polycyclic aromatic compounds
4. none of the following apply
4.1 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1021
4.2 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1031
4.3 Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1041
4.4 Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1044
4.5 Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 1061
4.6 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1099
4.7 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1221
4.8 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1222
4.9 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1231
4.10 Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4911
4.11 Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 4931
4.12 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4939
4.13 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4953
4.14 Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 5169
4.15 Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 5171
4.16 Facility Industry. SIC Code 1 is equal to 7389
Because this is an intricate and useful query, it is a good idea to save it for later use. Type in a
description, such as 'Indiana, 1996-2005 top 4 chemicals excluding new reporters', in the white
box at the bottom of the window. This is a text description that will be saved with your query.
Click on Save at the top of the window, and enter a snorter name for your query, such as
'Indiana top 4 96-05 exc new'. The model will automatically add a '.qry' extension to your
selection name. In the future you can load this query and either resubmit it, or use it as the
basis for building new selection statements.
Version 2.1.5 42 1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Click Submit, and the model will perform the selection. The model may take a few minutes to
complete the task. When the model is done with the selection, the Select elements... screen
will disappear. The number of facilities, chemical releases, and elements that are selected in
your set will be displayed in the top right corner of the screen.
One of the quickest ways to look at a trend over time is to use the preformatted graphs
provided. Click on the Summary button in the second row of menu buttons, then Total by
Year. This graph adds together all of the pounds and the scores of all of the chemical releases
in the selected set and presents them separately for each year in the set. In this case, it would be
all of the chemical releases of Mercury and mercury compounds, Manganese and manganese
compounds, Lead and lead compounds, and Polycyclic aromatic compounds in Indiana,
excluding the new reporters. The graph is shown below. Pounds (as reported in TRI) are shown
in green, and correspond to the axis on the right side of the graph; the total score is shown in
red and corresponds to the axis on the left side of the graph. You can see that both pounds and
score have fluctuated over time. The score increased substantially in 2000, even though the
amount of pounds was at its lowest point in that year.
637 facilities selected
14,367 releases selected
19,790 elements selected
CustomTcble::
Total by Year Year by Media Chemical Rank Facility Rank County Rank
Total Score and Pounds by Year
I Score
I Pounds
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Memory: 8,320kb
Total by Year Graph for Selected Chemicals in Indiana, 1996-2005
To try to identify the reason for the increased score in 2000, you can create a new custom table
by chemical by media by year. Click on the Custom Tables button, and then New Table. In
Version 2.1.5
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
the list of dimensions, select 'Chemical.Chemical', 'Submission.Year', and 'Release.Media
Text'. Make sure to deselect any selections from previous runs. In the 'Name' box, type
'Indiana 1996-2005 Chemical by Media by Year'. Click Run! and your table will generate
(this may take a few minutes). Once the query is finished, click on Table. The table should
look like the one shown below. If you do not see one of the variables you selected listed, click
on the row or column showing a plus sign, and all dimensions will be expanded.
Select Export Print Help Data Close
637 facilities selected
1 4,367 releases selected
1 9,790 elements selected
Start | Selected Facilities Browser Summary Thematic Maps || CustomTables
65 by 5
Non-Empty Cells: 1
Non-Zero Cells: 16
JT
§
New Table LoadTable Filter Options Indiana 1996-2005 Chemical by Media by Year
Q Value
able Graph | Sorted Table
Value I •
Pet J •
^^^^K
1996
1997
^^^^^^^H
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3 Direct Water
EPOTWTransfe
750 Offsite Incine
754 Offsite Incine
Sum
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
3DirectWater
6POTWTransfe
750 Offsite Incine
754 Offsite Incine
Se ected Risk-related Results _»|
^^^^^^•OmnH^^^^^^I
^^^^^^•M^^^^a^^^^^^H
Lead and lead compounds
9,533
0.0446
23,678
01107
288,336
1.348
62,687
02931
442.2
0.0021
191.2
8.940E-04
384,867
1 800
6,935
0.0324
14,153
0.0662
262,617
1.228
132,474
06195
546.7
0.0026
185.5
! d
Manganese and manganese compounds
739,306
3.457
140,706
0.6580
8.967
4.193E-05
4,004
0.0187
0
884,025
4.134
389,645
1.822
168,622
0.7885
5.935
2.775E-05
2,872
0.0134
0
Mercury and mercury compounds
28.13
1.316E-04
28.13
1.316E-04
22.96
1.074E-04
0.0854
3.991E-07
Polycyclicaromati
d
Idle Memory: 8,320 kb
Crosstab Table, Chemical by Media by Year for
Top 4 Chemicals in Indiana, 1996-2005
Move the column headers so that 'Media Text' is to the right of 'Year', if it is not already. To
move a column header, click and drag the header name to the desired position. Now collapse
the media column by clicking in the minus sign to the left of its name. Now you can look just
at the scores for chemicals by year. Looking at the totals, it is clear that the jump in score from
1999 to 2000 is due to an increase in scores for Mercury and mercury compounds. If you now
expand the rows showing media, you can further identify the reason for the increase. To make
it easier, you can use the filter to show only releases for 1999 and 2000. Click on Filter, then
click on 'Year', then select 1999 and 2000. You can also click on 'Chemical' and select just
'Mercury and mercury compounds'. Click on Apply Filters, and this will limit the number of
rows showing in the table. Looking at just the media to which Mercury and mercury
Version 2.1.5
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
compounds were released in 1999 and 2000, you can see that the jump in score is due to
increases in the score for direct water releases, which increased from no score in 1999 to
2,489,156 in 2000.
You can also export this table, in order to do calculations in a spreadsheet, for example. While
viewing your table, simply click on Export in the top row of menu buttons, and select the type
of file you would like your table to be exported to. Click on the folder icon to the right of the
'Export to File' box at the bottom of the window, and select the directory in which you would
like to store your exported file. The default directory for stored files is "C:\Program FilesVRSEI
\User," but you can export the file anywhere. Enter a name at the bottom of the screen and
click Save. In the Setup of the data export screen, click OK, and the model will export your
table. You can then open up the file in whatever program you selected. Your exported table
will contain all of the results fields (TRI Pounds, Hazard, Risk-related Results, etc.) in one
table.
The Table, Graph and Sorted Table functions will always display
results based on the last crosstab table that was generated. Even if you
perform a new selection using the Select button, these functions will not
change until you create a new table based on your new selection.
Step 2.4 Further Analyses
If you wish to determine what facilities released Mercury and mercury compounds in 2000,
you could go back to the Select elements... screen and add a condition statement by clicking
on the first empty circle. Modify the condition to read, 'Release.Media Code is equal to 3'.
This will change your selection to only direct water releases. You could also modify the first
statement to be 'Submission.Year is equal to 2000'. Then you could create a new Custom
Table showing 'Facility Name' by 'Year'. This would show you which facilities released
Mercury and mercury compounds as direct water releases in 2000.
Tutorial 3
This tutorial will explain some of the facility-specific features in the RSEI model, including
GIS capabilities.
Step 3.1 Select a Group of Facilities
In this step, you will make a selection based on the county where the releasing facilities are
located.
Click on the Select button at the top left of the menu panel. This brings up the Select
elements... screen, where you can specify what TRI releases you want to select. Note that if
you have performed any selections since installing the RSEI model, your last selection
statement will appear on the Select elements... screen. To remove it, simply click on the Clear
button. You will see a line of text on the screen, 'Choose records where all of the following
apply'. This is a bracket statement that tells the model what to do with the information that
Version 2.1.5 45 1996-2005 TRI Data
September 2007
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
comes next. You can change the bracket statement from 'all' to 'any', 'none', or 'not all'. But
for now let it remain 'all'. Click on the circle to the left of the text, and select 'Add condition'.
The condition statement contains the criteria you use to select your releases.
You will see the following text line:
1. Chemical Flags.Year Chemical Added is equal to
Click on the first part of the text line, and a drop-down menu will appear. This menu contains
all of the variables contained in the model that you can use in your selections. They are
grouped according to the type of variable. Because we are selecting releases for facilities in a
certain place, click on the variable group 'Facility Location'. To the right you will see another
menu with all of the variables in this group. Click on 'County'.
The text line will change to ' 1. Facility Location.County is equal to '. Click on the blank at
the end of the statement. In the window that appears, select the county (they are grouped
alphabetically by state abbreviation). For this exercise, scroll down and click on 'AL,
Montgomery,' which is Montgomery County in Alabama. This is your completed selection
statement, as shown below.
: Select elements...
_Saye_J _Cje_ar_J JSubmitJ jgecia
) Choose records where a|] of the following apply:
(T.) Facililtv Location.County is equal to ALMONTGOMERY
Enter Description (optional]
The Select Elements... Screen
Click Submit at the top of the Select elements... screen, and the model will perform the
selection. This may take a few minutes to finish.
When the model is done with the selection, the Select elements... screen will disappear. The
number of facilities, chemical releases, and elements that are selected in your set will be
displayed in the top right corner of the screen. These numbers will remain displayed until you
select a new set of scores. If you forget what your selection statement was, click on these
numbers, and a window will appear with your original statement.
Version 2.1.5
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CHAPTER 4: Quick Start Tutorials
Now we can look at all of the facilities whose scores you have just selected. Click on the
Selected Facilities Browser button in the second line of the menu panel. You will see a screen
with three parts. The parts work together to provide detailed information on the facilities you
have selected. The top part of the screen lists all the facilities whose scores have been selected.
The bottom left is a U.S. map you can use to display your selected facilities and other options.
The bottom right of the screen displays information about the current map display and provides
the buttons used to navigate the map and control its functions.
22 facilities selected
867 releases selected
1,526 elements selected
Start Selected Facilities Browser! Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
FacilitylD
JJ36104LCLWN1500F
±1 361 08BRBRP845WF
_t!36108TRNTY1085P
JJ36109SCBFP4530M
JJ36108SPCRT3000S
JJ36105HGRHN150FO
JJ36102SHRMN1E16P
d36117HSSMN101SM
Name
ALACO LAWN PRODUCTS
BARBER DAIRIES INC.
CAROLINA STEEL GROUP LLC
CONAGRA FOODS
DAN A CORP.
HAGER COMPANIES
HANSON PIPE & PRODUCTS SOUTHE...
HUSSMANN CORP
City
MONTGOMERY
MONTGOMERY
MONTGOMERY
MONTGOMERY
MONTGOMERY
MONTGOMERY
MONTGOMERY
MONTGOMERY
State
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
ZipCode
36104
36108
36108
36108
361085099
36105
36102
36117
Latitude
32.4037
32.3515
32.3542
32.3266
32.3117
32.2653
32.4060
32.3662
Longitude
-86.31 46
-86.3233
-86.3621
-86.3464
-86.3541
-86.3625
-86.3220
-86.1128
Score 2005
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.14E+03
8.07E-02
O.OOE+00
Latitude: 23.32.39.05N
Longitude: 68.48.28.02W
North-South: 3056.42 km
East-West: 5229.12 km
Are a: 15,982,397 sq km
Altitude: 446,418.0 (internal units)
Information
Memory: 16,512kb I
The Selected Facilities Browser
Step 3.2 Getting Information About a Facility
Facility Information, Submissions, Releases and Scores
Double-click on the first facility name in the selected facilities list. You will see two options,
'Submissions' and 'Full Facility Record'. The latter option provides all of the information
included in the model about this facility - its address, stack parameters, public contacts, etc.
Double-click on 'Full Facility Record' or click on the plus sign to the left of the text to see all
of the information. Then click on the minus sign at the far left to collapse it again. Expanding
the 'Submission' option shows each chemical release that this facility has submitted to TRI.
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Double-click on a chemical name highlighted in green, then expand the 'Releases' option, and
the model will show you the releases of that chemical - that is, the media that the chemical is
being released to, as well as the total pounds released, and the total score. Double-click on the
name of the media, and then on 'Scores' and the model will show you the score (the Risk-
related Results of the model) for that chemical release to that media. To hide any of these
records, simply click on the small minus sign at the beginning of the row. The list works like a
directory tree that you can expand and collapse to see different levels.
Facility Location H*
You can also see where on the map your facility is located. With the facility name, or any part
of the facility's submission record highlighted, click on the facility location icon in the lower
right portion of your screen. The map will zoom into the state where your facility is located,
and show you its exact location with concentric circles. If you click on the arrow to the right of
the facility location icon, then 'Stream Path', the map will also display the nearest stream reach
to that facility, and its path out to a larger receiving waterbody (such as a river, lake or ocean).
If the facility ships waste to a landfill, POTW (Publicly-Owned Treatment Works), or other
off-site facility, you can click on the 'Receiving Facility' option in the same menu to have the
map zoom in on that facility. Similarly, you can map its stream path. If there is no associated
receiving facility, the model will do nothing. TRI reporting facilities are shown as circles, and
off-site (receiving) facilities are shown as squares. If you are not zoomed in close enough for
the model to graph the stream path, when you click on that function, the model will just show
you the concentric circles identifying where your facility is located. Zoom in on the area to see
the stream path by clicking on the 1-^1 icon.
Population Around the Facility 1U
By using the grid icon in the bottom right portion of your screen, you can map the population
distribution around your facility. Click on the down arrow to the right of the icon, then select
'Population.' The map will show the population density in shades of green to blue, where blue
is the most densely populated. The bottom right portion of the screen shows the legend, the
name of the facility around which the population is being mapped, and the range, mean, sum,
and standard deviation of the distribution. These statistics relate to the 1-km by 1-km grid cells
which form the geographic basis of the model. For instance, if the legend displays 1.000-6.000
for a certain shade of blue, that means that all of the grid cells colored that shade have between
1 and 6 people in them.
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Population Around the Facility
Air Concentrations Around the Facility
::::
You can also use the grid icon to model air concentrations. Go to the list of selected facilities at
the top, and click on a entry in the 'Releases' level (click on 'Submissions', then click on a
chemical, then select a release). It must be either a stack or fugitive air release to be mapped.
When you have selected one, click on the 'Concentration' option in the same drop-down menu
to the right of the grid icon. The model will display the distribution of air concentrations (in
|ig/m3) of that release around the facility. Areas of higher concentration are shown in blue. The
bottom right hand portion of the screen shows the map's legend, and describes the facility and
release in blue, and then shows in black the range, mean, sum and standard deviation of the
distribution.
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Air Concentrations Around the Facility
To remove any graphing from your map, click on the Cells button, then Change Theme. In the
dialog box under value, select 'None', then click OK. Any graphing on your map will be
cleared. For more detail on map functions, please see Displaying Facility Information in
Chapter 7.
Step 3.3 Further Analyses
The steps outlined above should give you a good idea about one particular facility. However,
the model contains much more information that can show you how that facility has been
performing over time, or how it ranks in comparison to all facilities in the country, or facilities
in similar geographic areas, or in similar industries.
To do a time trend analysis to see if a facility's risk-related score is getting better or worse over
time, first do a selection based just on that facility. The easiest way is to simply use the Facility
ID, the first column in the Selected Facilities Browser, then go back to the Select elements...
screen, and create a new selection statement with a condition that says 'Facility Identifier.
Facility ID is equal to X', where X is the Facility ID from the Selected Facilities Browser (you
can copy the Facility ID from the Selected Facilities Browser by right-clicking on the ID, then
typing Control-C to copy the ID to the Windows clipboard. You can then paste the ID in the
selection statement, or in any other Windows program by typing Control-V). When the model
is done with the selection, you can click on the Summary button in the second line of the
menu panel, and see preformatted graphs that show total score and pounds by year, and total
pounds and total score by media by year.
To see how your facility ranks in relation to other facilities, first select a set that includes your
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facility and all of the facilities to which you want to compare it, for instance, all facilities
nationwide in 2005. Your selection statement in the Select elements... screen would say
Submission.Year is equal to 2005. This selects all releases from all facilities in 2005. When the
model is done with your selection, click on the Custom Tables button. Follow the directions
under that heading in Creating a New Table in Chapter 9 to make a crosstab table of your
results. If you make a table using 'Facility Name' and 'SIC code' as row and column variables,
then you can click on the Sorted Table button to see a ranking of all the facilities in order of
highest score (or pounds, depending on what Value you have selected) to lowest score. If you
want to look at the facilities that are in the same industry as your facility, then apply the filter
to 'SIC Code 1', and select just your facility's SIC Code. Then click back to the Sorted Table,
to see a ranking of all the facilities just in that SIC code.
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CHAPTER 5
Viewing Data
Most of the data used by the RSEI model can be viewed by clicking on the Data button at the
top of the screen (a small portion of the data is formatted in such a way that it cannot be viewed
by users). This opens up the Data browser screen.
This screen groups the data by data set. Each data set is a 'Paradox' table in the 'Database'
directory on your hard drive. The data set name is displayed at the top left of the screen; click
on the arrow and scroll through the list to change data sets. In the boxes to the right, you can
search fields for specific values. Simply select the desired field in the ' Search' box, and then
enter the value in the 'Search for' box, and click Go. Each data set is ordered by its own unique
internal ID number. Some tables can be sorted by more than one field. Other sorting
possibilities will be displayed in the 'Sort' box. Click on any options in the box to change how
the table is sorted in the display.
£"a Data browser
Search Category
Sort |ScoreCategoty 2! Sea[ch (or 1
ScgreCajeggryl Category
Model
llnhaleToK
0 Unknown Error
1 Direct Fugitive Air - Rural
2 Direct Fugitive Air - Urban
3 Direct Point Air-Rural
4 Direct Point Air-Urban
5 Direct Water
6 Onsite Landfill
7 PDTW Effluent
8 POTW Volatilization-Rural
9 PO TV,'Volatilization-Urban
10 POTW Sludge Landfill
11 POTW Sludge Volat - Rural
12 PQTW Sludge Volat -Urban
13 Offsite Incineration - Rural
14 0ffsite Incineration - Urban
15 Off site Landfill
The Data Browser
You can move through the records in each data set using the arrows at the top of the screen, or
by using your keyboard arrow keys. These data tables cannot be exported through the
program, but can be accessed in the directory C:\Program Files\RSEI\database. The data
tables are in Paradox format, which can be read by most database programs (such as dBase and
MS Access).
The following sections describe each data set, its variables, how it is used in the model, and its
sources.
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Category Data
This data set is a lookup table that lists the codes used to categorize how releases are modeled.
The score category codes resemble the media codes that are reported by TRI facilities, but also
include information on how the model is able to deal with specific kinds of releases.
Category Data
Variable
ScoreCategory
Category
Model
InhaleTox
Description
Codes corresponding to the medium into
which the chemical is released. Examples of
the information include: direct air releases
from the stack using a "rural" air dispersion
model, fugitive air releases, releases to an
onsite landfill. [See Score Category
Information in Chapter 10 for descriptions]
Descriptions of release media and other
descriptors corresponding with the score
category codes. [See Score Category
Information in Chapter 10 for descriptions]
A dummy variable that is ' 1' when that
category can be modeled and '0' when it
cannot.
A dummy variable that is ' 1 ' when the model
requires an inhalation toxicity score to model
this kind of release and '0' when it does not.
Census Data
RSEI Census data are contained in two tables, Census 00 (data from the 2000 Census) and
Census 90 (data from the 1990 Census). These two tables contain the Census data that has been
transposed onto the RSEI model grid. See the Introduction for a description of how Census
data are used in the model. Each Census table is over 600 MB in size. They cannot be
exported. Census data have been provided by Geolytics, Inc., and were last updated in the fall
of 2001.
Variable
X
Y
MaleOto9 throug
Census 90 Data
Description
Assigned grid cell value based on latitude.
Assigned grid cell value based on longitude.
i Female65andUp The number of people in the grid cell in each
1 Census subpopulation group in the year 1990.
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Census 90 Data
Variable
Count
Description
The number of blocks with area assigned to
the grid cell.
Census 00 Data
Variable
X
Y
MaleOto9 through Female65andUp
Count
Description
Assigned grid cell value based on latitude.
Assigned grid cell value based on longitude.
The number of people in the grid cell in each
Census subpopulation group in the year 2000.
The number of blocks with area assigned to
the grid cell.
Chemical Data
This data set lists all of the chemical-specific information used by the model. The data can be
grouped into four categories:
• Chemical identifiers include CAS numbers and chemical names.
• Chemical toxicity information includes all of the information used to construct toxicity
weights for each chemical. Of the 611 chemicals on the 2005 TRI Reporting list, 429
chemicals have toxicity information included in the model. The sources of these values, in
the order of most to least preferred, are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS);
EPA Office of Pesticide Programs' Toxicity Tracking Reports (OPP); Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry final, published chronic MRLs (ATSDR); California
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
final, published toxicity values (Cal/EPA); EPA's Health Effects Assessment Summary
Tables (HEAST); and Final Derived/Interim Derived Toxicity Weights (Derived) estimated
by EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. In cases where none of the above
sources had sufficient data, other secondary sources were consulted and reviewed by EPA
experts (Derived). Chemical toxicity data are reviewed and updated on a continuing basis.
See Technical Appendix A for toxicity values.
• Chemical Properties information includes all of the physicochemical properties used to
model the fate and transport of the chemicals in the environment. Experimental and
estimated data are used, most of it obtained from sources published by Syracuse Research
Corporation (SRC). These data are also reviewed and updated continuously. See Technical
Appendix B for details on each parameter.
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• Chemical Flags are markers that can be used to select chemicals that are designated in
specific ways, usually by EPA. Examples include Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), or
chemicals regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The chemical flags were
last comprehensively checked against each relevant list in the spring of 2007.
Chemical Data
Variable
CASNumber
CASStandard
ChemicalNumber
Category
SortCAS
SortName
FullChemicalName
Chemical
Added
Toxicity Source
RfCInhale
RfCUF
RfCMF
RfCConf.
Description
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, which identifies a
unique chemical. For chemical categories, CAS Numbers begin
with "N", followed by three digits.
The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number identifies a
unique chemical. The standard format contains three sets of
numbers divided by hyphens (00-00-0).
Unique internal identifier.
This identifier is not yet active.
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, which identifies a
unique chemical, formatted for sorting (no hyphens). For
chemical categories, CAS Numbers begin with "N", followed by
three digits.
Common name of chemical, with initial modifiers moved to end
of name. Used for internal sorting purposes.
Full scientific name(s) of the chemical.
Common name(s) of the chemical.
The year the chemical was added to the Toxics Release Inventory
All sources used for toxicity data, and date of addition to
database.
The inhalation reference concentration (RfC) is defined as "an
estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of a continuous inhalation exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be
without appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer health effects
during a lifetime". Units are mg/m3.
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to the no-observed-
adverse-effect level (NOAEL) upon which the RfC is based,
thereby reducing the dose. The UF accounts for uncertainties in
extrapolation from experimental data to an estimate appropriate to
humans.
The modifying factor (MF) is a value applied to the NOAEL
when scientific uncertainties in the study chosen for estimating
the RfC are not explicitly addressed by the standard UFs.
Confidence levels are assigned to the study used to derive the
RfC, the overall database, and to the RfC itself.
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Chemical Data
Variable
Description
RfCSource
Source used for the RfC value.
RfCListingDate
Date that RfC was listed, if available.
RfDOral
The oral reference dose (RfD) is "an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure [by
ingestion] to the human population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of
deleterious effects during a lifetime", (mg/kg-day)
RfDUF
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to the no-observed-
adverse-effect level (NOAEL) upon which the RfD is based,
thereby reducing the dose. The UF accounts for uncertainties in
extrapolation from experimental data to an estimate appropriate to
humans.
RfDMF
The modifying factor (MF) is a value applied to the NOAEL
when scientific uncertainties in the study chosen for estimating
the RfD are not explicitly addressed by the standard UFs.
RfDConf.
Confidence levels are assigned to the study used to derive the
RfD, the overall database, and to the RfD itself.
RfDListingDate
Date that RfD was listed, if available.
RfD Source
Source used for the RfD value.
UnitRisklnhale
QSTAROral
The unit inhalation risk is the excess lifetime risk due to a
"continuous constant lifetime exposure of one unit of carcinogen
concentration"(51 FR 33998). (1/mg/m3)
The oral cancer slope factor (ql*): a measure of the incremental
lifetime risk of cancer by oral intake of a chemical, expressed as
risk per mg/kg-day. (1/mg/kg-day)
WOE
Weight of evidence (WOE) categories indicate how likely a
chemical is to be a human carcinogen, based on considerations of
the quality and adequacy of data and the type of responses
induced by the suspected carcinogen. EPA WOE classifications
include the following categories and associated definitions (51 FR
33996):
A Carcinogenic to humans
B Probable carcinogen
based on:
•B 1 Limited human evidence
•B2 Sufficient evidence in
animals and inadequate or
no evidence in humans:
C Possible carcinogen
D Not classifiable
E Evidence of non-
carcinogenicity
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Chemical Data
Variable
UnitRiskListingDate
UnitRiskSource
QStarListingDate
QStarSource
WOEListingDate
WOESource
ITW
OTW
ToxicityClassOral
ToxicityClassInhale
Toxicity Category
AirDecay
Koc
H2ODecay
LOGKow
Kd
WaterSolubility
POTWPartitionRemoval
POTW PartitionSludge
POTW PartitionVolat
Description
Date that Unit Risk was listed, if available.
Source used for the Unit Risk value.
Date that QStar was listed, if available.
Source used for the QStar value.
Date that WOE was listed, if available.
Source used for the WOE classification.
Inhalation Toxicity Weight: the RSEI toxicity weight for a
chemical for the inhalation pathway.
Oral Toxicity Weight: the RSEI toxicity weight for a chemical for
the oral pathway.
This indicates whether the toxicity weight for the oral pathway is
based on cancer or noncancer health effects.
This indicates whether the toxicity weight for the inhalation
pathway is based on cancer or noncancer health effects.
This indicates whether the oral and inhalation toxicity weights are
based on cancer health effects, non-cancer health effects, or both.
The rate at which a chemical degrades in air, due primarily to
photooxidation by radicals (hr1).
The organic carbon-water partition coefficient, used in estimates
of chemical sorptionto soil (mL/g).
The rate at which a chemical degrades in water, due to abiotic
hydrolysis, biodegradation, or photolysis (hr1).
The logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient. Kow is
the ratio of a chemical's concentration in the octanol phase to its
concentration in the aqueous phase at equilibrium in a two-phase
octanol/water system.
The soil-water partition, or distribution, coefficient. For organics,
the value is often estimated as the product of Koc and foe (the
fraction of organic carbon in the soil) (L/kg).
The amount of chemical that dissolves in water at a particular
temperature (mg/L).
Percent of chemical removed from the wastewater by the POTW
(Publicly Owned Treatment Works).
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency attributable to sorption
of the chemical to sewage sludge.
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency attributable to
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Chemical Data
Variable
POTW PartitionBiod
IncineratorDRE
BCF
Henrys
MCL
Molecular Weight
T33/50Flag
HAPFlag
CAAFlag
PriorityPollutantFlag
SDWAFlag
CERCLAFlag
OSHACarcinogens
ExpansionFlag
CoreChemicalFlag
Description
volatilization of the chemical.
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency attributable to
biodegradation of the chemical.
Destruction/removal efficiencies, expressed as the percent of
chemical fed to the incinerator that is not released to the air.
Bioconcentration factor: the ratio of a chemical's concentration in
fish to its concentration in water at equilibrium (L/kg).
Henry's law constant: the ratio of a chemical's concentration in
the air to its concentration in the water at equilibrium (atm-mS/
mol).
Maximum Contaminant Level, which is EPA's national primary
drinking water standard for the chemical. This is the current
value; historical data are contained in the table, 'MCL.'
The mass in grams of one mole of molecules of the chemical.
This flag is a marker which indicates that the chemical is included
in EPA's 33/50 program, a program in which facilities voluntarily
reduce their chemical releases by 33 percent and 50 percent by
certain dates.
This flag marks the chemicals that are hazardous air pollutants, as
defined by the Clean Air Act.
This flag marks the chemicals that are Clean Air Act pollutants.
This flag marks the chemicals that are priority pollutants, as
defined by the Clean Water Act.
This flag marks the chemicals that have national primary or
secondary drinking water standards under the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
This flag marks the chemicals that are regulated under Superfund
(CERCLA — the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act).
This flag indicates whether the chemical is a known or suspect
human carcinogen based on OSHA criteria. Known human
carcinogens are defined as those that have been shown to cause
cancer in humans. Suspect human carcinogens have been shown
to cause cancer in animals. The list of chemicals flagged as
OSHA carcinogens is based on the list of carcinogens provided in
the 1997 TRI Public Data Release.*
This flag marks the chemicals that were added to the Section 313
toxic chemical list for reporting beginning in 1995.
This flag marks the chemicals that are common to all reporting
years of TRI and that have had no modifications of reporting
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Chemical Data
Variable
MiniCoreChemicalFlag
Core98ChemicalFlag
HPVFlag
HPVChallengeValue
PBTFlag
Metal
User Tags 1 through 5
HasTox
MaxTW
Description
requirements, as determined by the 1988 Core Chemical List
found on the TRI Explorer website. For RSEI Version 2.1.5, this
flag produces the same results as the MiniCoreChemical Flag
(data for TRI reporting years 1988 through 1995 are not included
in Version 2. 1.5, except upon request).
This flag marks the chemicals that are common to TRI reporting
years 1995 through 2000 and that have had no modifications of
reporting requirements in that time period, as determined by the
1995 Core Chemical List found on the TRI Explorer website. For
RSEI Version 2.1.5, this flag produces the same results as the
CoreChemical Flag (data for TRI reporting years 1988 through
1995 are not included in Version 2. 1.5, except upon request).
This flag marks the chemicals that are common to TRI reporting
years 1998 through 2002 and that have had no modifications of
reporting requirements in that time period, as determined by the
1998 Core Chemical List found on the TRI Explorer website.
Indicates whether the chemical is designated as a High Production
Chemical.
Describes the value or combination of values assigned to the
chemical by EPA's HPV Challenge program to describe the
chemical's status under the program.
Indicates whether EPA has designated this chemical as a priority
chemical under the Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT)
Chemical Program.
This flag indicates whether the chemicals are metals and also
whether they are core chemicals. (Core chemicals are those that
are common to all reporting years of TRI and which have had no
modifications of reporting requirements.)
Using these tags, you can select a set of chemicals based on your
own selection criteria.
Indicates that the chemical has a toxicity weight (either oral or
inhalation) in the data set.
Shows the greater of the two possible toxicity weights (oral or
inhalation).
*Even if a chemical is flagged as an OSHA carcinogen, its toxicity weight for a given exposure pathway
may not be based on its carcinogenic effects. For example, a chemical that causes both carcinogenic and
noncarcinogenic effects when inhaled may have a higher inhalation toxicity weight associated with
noncarcinogenic effects than with its carcinogenic effects. If you wish to view all chemicals that have
inhalation toxicity weights based on cancer health effects, see the Toxicity Class - Inhale field. For a list
of chemicals that have toxicity weights based only on cancer health effects, see the Toxicity Category
field.
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County Data
This data set is based on U.S. Census data, and was last updated in August 2000. Total county
population is taken directly from U.S. Census bureau estimates (these data are not directly used
in the model). Total fishing population is obtained from state counts of county-specific records
on hunting and fishing licenses, where available. The fishing population is used to model the
ingestion of contaminated fish in one of the two surface water pathways. In the model, the total
fishing population is adjusted for family size (to take into account the family of the licensed
fisher who also eat the caught fish), and 95 percent of the total is considered to be recreational
fishers, and 5 percent are considered to be subsistence fishers; the variable in this data set is the
unadjusted number of licensed fishers only. The fishing population data were collected and
added to the model for the first time in August 2000. See Chapter V of the Methodology
document for details.
1
Variable
FIPS
Name
Latitude
Longitude
AreaSqKm
WaterAreaSqKm
Populationl998 through
Populationl970
TotalFishingPopulation
County Data
Description
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) code
which identifies the county associated with the facility
State, County
Latitude in decimal degrees of the county centroid.
Longitude in decimal degrees of the county centroid.
County area in square kilometers.
Area of the county that is covered with water in square
kilometers.
Total midyear population of each county for year
indicated.
Number of people in each county with fishing licenses.
CountyExp Data
This data set is used in conjunction with the total population data in the 'County' data set to
construct detailed yearly population estimates. These data were last updated in August 2000.
All of the data are from the U.S. Census Bureau. These data are not used directly by the RSEI
model.
CountyExp Data
Variable
FIPS
Year
Description
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard)
which identifies the county.
code
Year (1988 through 1998) of the record's data.
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CountyExp Data
Variable
MaleOto9 through Female65Up
Description
Fields showing number of people in each indicated
demographic group for the indicated year for the
indicated county. These fields are mutually exclusive
(they sum to the total number of people in the county).
Elements Data
This table lists unique Indicator Elements and their attributes. All of these data are internal to
the RSEI model, and are used solely for modeling purposes. It is shown for comprehensiveness
only, and is unlikely to be useful to users. The table is approximately 400 MB in size. It cannot
be exported.
Elements Data
Variable
ElementNumber
ReleaseNumber
PoundsPT
ScoreCategory
Score
Population
ScoreA
PopA
ScoreB
PopB
ScoreC
PopC
ScoreD
PopD
ScoreE
Description
Unique internal identifier.
Unique internal identifier.
Total pounds after any treatment by POTWs or other offsite
facilities.
Codes corresponding to the medium into which the chemical is
released. Examples of the information include: direct air releases
from the stack using a "rural" air dispersion model, fugitive air
releases, releases to an onsite landfill. [See Score Category
Information in Chapter 10 for descriptions]
Total Indicator Element score.
Total population exposed.
Indicator Element score for children 0 through 9 years of age
(inclusive).
Number of children 0 through 9 years of age (inclusive) exposed.
Indicator Element score for children between 10 and 17
(inclusive).
Number of children between 10 and 17 (inclusive) exposed
Indicator Element score for adults 18 through 44 (inclusive).
Number of adults 18 through 44 (inclusive) exposed.
Indicator Element score for adults 45 through 64 (inclusive).
Number of adults 45 through 64 (inclusive) exposed.
Indicator Element score for adults 65 years old and greater.
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Variable
PopE
Elements Data
Description
Number of adults 65 years old and greater exposed.
Facility Data
This data set is a combination of TRI Reported data, and derived data used to model emissions
from the facilities. Each case is noted after the variable description in the table below.
Derived stack parameter data were primarily collected from three national EPA databases
(NEI, AFS and NET). AFS and NET data were last collected in 2001; NEI data was last
collected in 2007. Facilities are matched where possible- i.e., facility-specific parameters are
used. For facilities that cannot be matched, median values at the 3-digit SIC code level
(constructed using only AFS and NET data) are used. If that is not possible, in cases where the
TRI facility did not submit a valid SIC code, or there are no facilities for that SIC code in the
two EPA databases, median values for all SIC codes are used. The NEI/AFS/NET data are
supplemented by a one-time data pull conducted in 1998 from three state databases containing
facility-specific data. The states involved are Wisconsin, New York and California. Only data
for facilities that were not matched through AFS/NET were used from these databases. Starting
in Reporting Year (RY) 1998, electric utilities are required to report to TRI. Because their
stack parameters are generally quite different from other facilities, facility-specific data
collected by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) were used to represent these
facilities. In cases where facilities falling in the electric utility SIC codes could not be matched,
the overall median of all coal and gas electric utilities from EPRI's data set was used. For the
complete method used in this process, see Technical Appendix E.
Facility locations are obtained from EPA's Locational Reference Tables (LRT). A small
number of facilities did not have coordinates available in the LRT; for these facilities, either
previous RSEI coordinates or zip code centroids were used. For a complete account of this
process, see Technical Appendix D.
The SIC code data are based on the primary and additional five SIC codes reported by facilities
on each Form R. Facilities may submit multiple Form R's, and so may report more than six
SIC codes in total, and more than one primary SIC code. Because sector-based analyses are an
important component of RSEI, facility reporting data are processed to make them easier to use.
For any facility that has multiple primary SIC codes, RSEI assigns the most frequently
reported. If more than five additional SIC codes are reported, RSEI assigns the five most
frequently reported as SIC Codes 2 through 6. Users can use the other fields to make selections
at a more aggregated level (2 or 3-digit SIC Codes). For details, see Technical Appendix F.
Facility Data
Variable
Facility ID
Description
Unique TRI identifier for facility. (As Reported)
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Facility Data
Variable
Facility Number
Latitude
Longitude
DataSource
X
Y
StackHeight
StackVelocity
StackDiameter
StackHeightSource
StackDiameterSource
StackVelocity Source
RadialDistance
Name
Street
City
County
State
FIPS
STFIPS
ZIPCode
DUNS
Region
FederalFacilityFlag
Description
Unique internal identifier. (Derived)
Final latitude of the facility in decimal degrees. (Derived)
Final longitude of the facility in decimal degrees. (Derived)
This variable is not yet active.
Assigned grid value based on latitude. (Derived)
Assigned grid value based on longitude. (Derived)
Height of facility stack that is emitting the pollutant (m).
(Derived)
Rate at which the pollutant exits the stack (m/s). (Derived)
Diameter of facility stack that is emitting the pollutant (m).
(Derived)
Source of information on stack height. (Derived)
Source of information on stack diameter. (Derived)
Source of information on stack velocity. (Derived)
Distance from approximate center point of grid. (Derived)
TRI facility name. (As Reported)
Street address of facility. (As Reported)
City where the TRI facility is located. (As Reported)
County where the TRI facility is located. (As Reported)
State in which the facility is located. (As Reported)
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) code which
identifies the county associated with the facility. (As Reported)
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) code which
identifies the state associated with the facility. (As Reported)
Facility ZIP code. (As Reported)
The 9-digit number assigned by Dun & Bradstreet for the facility
or establishment within the facility. (As Reported)
EPA region where facility is located. There are 10 EPA regions.
Any information which cannot be matched to an actual EPA
region (e.g., an unrecognized ZIP code) is assigned to a dummy
region (called UK). (As Reported)
Code describing federal status for purposes of Executive Order
12856. (C commercial; F = federal; G= government contractor).
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Facility Data
Variable
ParentName
ParentDUNS
PublicContactName
PublicContactPhone
SICCodel
SICCode2
SICCodeS
SICCode4
SICCodeS
SICCode6
Multiple Primary SIC
SICCodeSame2Digit
SICCode2Digit
SICCodeSDigit
NPDESPermit
RCRANumber
FRSID
NearStream
Description
(As Reported)
Name of the corporation or other business entity located in the U.
S. that directly owns at least 50 percent of the voting stock of the
facility. (As Reported)
The 9-digit number assigned by Dun & Bradstreet for the US
parent company. (As Reported)
Name submitted by TRI facility as public contact. (As Reported)
Phone number submitted by TRI facility for public contact. (As
Reported)
Facility's 4-digit SIC code designated as "primary" by facility on
Form R. If no primary SIC is designated, the field displays
"MR." (Derived)
Facility's most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC code.
(Derived)
Facility's second most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit
SIC code. (Derived)
Facility's third most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code. (Derived)
Facility's fourth most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code. (Derived)
Facility's fifth most frequently reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code. (Derived)
Code that indicates whether the facility designated multiple SIC
codes as primary on Form R's submitted. (Derived)
This code uses all SIC codes reported by a facility to arrive at a
single 2-digit code for the facility, if applicable. (Derived)
First 2 digits of facility's primary SIC code. (Derived)
First 3 digits of facility's primary SIC code. (Derived)
Permit number issued by US EPA for facilities discharging to
water. (As Reported)
Number assigned by EPA to facilities handling hazardous waster
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. (As
Reported)
EPA's Facility Registry System ID (As Reported).
USGS Reach Identifier (Concatenation of Catalog, Unit,
Segment). (Derived)
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Facility Data
Variable
Distanceto Stream
WBANID
Distanceto WB AN
SubmitLat
SubmitLong
PreferredLat
PreferredLong
OnTribalLand
TribalLandName
SK
Method
Accuracy
Hdatum
LatLongSource
LatLongTable
AssignedReach
Description
The distance between a facility discharging to water and the reach
of the receiving water body (m). (Derived)
The ID assigned to the Weather Bureau/ Army /Navy Weather
Station nearest to the facility. (Derived)
The distance between a facility and the nearest weather station
(m). (Derived)
Latitude in decimal degrees exactly as submitted by the TRI
facility. (As Reported)
Longitude in decimal degrees exactly as submitted by the TRI
facility. (As Reported)
Latitude in decimal degrees after correction by TRI. (Derived)
Longitude in decimal degrees after correction by TRI. (Derived)
Whether facility is located within the boundaries of a Tribal Land
(True/False). (Derived)
Name of Tribal Land within which facility is located, if any.
(Derived)
Internal sort key containing the first two letters of the facility
name (excluding spaces, periods, numbers, etc.). (Derived)
Code describing method by which coordinates were collected (e.
g., based on street address). See Appendix D for code
descriptions. (Derived)
Estimated accuracy of the final coordinates (in m). (Derived)
Horizontal datum of the final coordinates. (Derived) See
Appendix D for code descriptions. (Derived)
Source of final lat/long found in 'Latitude' and 'Longitude' fields.
(Derived)
Detail on source of final lat/long, where necessary. (Derived)
Reach number of specific reach found in EPA data for facility,
which overrides the nearest reach. (Derived)
MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level)
This data set contains yearly information on the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) that
EPA sets for chemicals to limit the level of contaminants in drinking water from public water
systems. As the MCLs are legally enforceable, the RSEI model assumes that drinking water
from public systems is in compliance with these standards. The first MCLs were instituted in
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1976; changes to existing MCLs and new MCLs have been instituted since then, including the
addition of a large number of new MCLs in 1991.
This table lists the value for each MCL for each year of TRI data. For several chemicals for
which MCLs were first instituted in 1976 and then revised in 1991, the original MCL values
were not readily available, so the revised values were also used for the years before the
revision. These chemicals are barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, lindane, mercury,
methoxychlor, nitrate, selenium, and toxaphene.
MCL Data
Variable
CASNumber
CASStandard
ChemicalNumber
Chemical
MCL1988...MCL2010
Description
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, which identifies a
unique chemical. For chemical categories, CAS Numbers begin
with "N", followed by three digits.
The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number identifies a
unique chemical. The standard format contains three sets of
numbers divided by hyphens (00-00-0).
Unique internal identifier.
Common name(s) of the chemical.
MCL for each year an MCL was in effect.
Media Data
This data set lists the release media codes and their description as reported in TRI Reporting
Form R. For reported media codes that begin with 'M', the RSEI model has substituted a 7. For
instance, code M54 would be the same as 754 in the table below.
Variable
Media
MediaText
Sum
Itw
Otw
Mtw
MediaCode
Media Data
Description
Code associated with the media and/or method of
release, as reported by facility in TRI Reporting Form
R. See Media Information for codes.
Descriptions of receiving media associated with Media
Codes
This variable is not yet implemented.
Internal dummy variable used for modeling.
Internal dummy variable used for modeling.
Internal dummy variable used for modeling.
Internal variable used for modeling.
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Off-site Data
This data set is derived from TRI reported data. Offsite facilities are any facilities to which a
TRI reporting facility transfers a reportable chemical. The names and addresses of these offsite
facilities are reported by the TRI facilities transferring their chemicals. Because multiple
facilities may transfer chemicals to the same offsite facility, the same offsite facility may be
reported multiple times in slightly different forms. To approximate a set of unique offsite
facilities, a sophisticated program was developed to match slightly different reported entries
that are in reality the same offsite facility. Because latitude and longitude are not reported but
are necessary to model releases, the offsite facilities were also geocoded (assigned latitude and
longitude coordinates based on street address) by Thomas Computing Services, a commercial
firm, using standard geocoding software based on U.S. Census Tiger files. This data set
contains the results of both the matching exercise and the geocoding exercise. For a complete
account of the process, see Technical Appendix D.
(
Variable
OffsitelD
Facility Number
DataSource
Name
Street
City
State
ZIPCode
ZIP9
Latitude
Longitude
X
Y
Radial Distance
StackHeight
StackVelocity
StackDiameter
Dff-site Data
Description
Unique internal identifier for each off-site facility.
Unique internal identifier for each off-site facility.
This variable is not yet active.
Best submitted name for off-site facility.
Best submitted street address for off-site facility.
Best submitted city for off-site facility.
Best submitted state for off-site facility.
Best submitted ZIP code for offsite facility.
This variable is not yet implemented.
Geocoded latitude in decimal degrees for off-site
facility.
Geocoded longitude in decimal degrees for off-site
facility.
Assigned grid value based on latitude.
Assigned grid value based on longitude.
Distance from approximate center point of grid.
Default stack height used for off-site facilities.
Default stack velocity used for off-site facilities.
Default stack diameter used for off-site facilities.
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(
Variable
Class
NPDESPermit
RCRANumber
WBANID
DistancetoWBAN
NearStream
Distanceto Stream
StreamSource
GDTType
Quality
freq
Dff-site Data
Description
This variable is not implemented.
Permit number issued by US EPA for facilities
discharging to water.
Number assigned by EPA to facilities handling
hazardous waster under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act.
The ID assigned to the Weather Bureau/Army/Navy
Weather Station nearest to the facility.
The distance between an off-site facility and the nearest
weather station (m).
USGS identifier defining stream reach of the receiving
water body.
The distance between an off-site facility discharging to
water and the reach of the receiving water body (m).
Data source linking stream reach to facility.
Type of geocoded match.
Rank from 1 to 9 describing quality of geocoded match
(1 is best).
Number of TRI transfers sent to this off-site facility.
Reach Data
This data set contains information on each stream reach contained in the model. The stream
reaches used are linear sections of streams, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries that are linked to
form a skeletal structure representing the branching patterns of surface water drainage systems.
Only transport reaches (i.e., those that have an upstream or downstream connection) are
included in the model. The stream reach data are based on U.S. EPA's Reach File Version 1.0
(RF1) for the conterminous United States. RF1 is a database that identifies and subdivides
streams and shorelines of the United States to provide a hydrological framework for organizing
water resource data. RF1 was prepared by the U.S. EPA in 1982 in support of the Better
Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) system.
Reach Data
Variable
CatoalogUnitSegment
DownstreamReach
Description
This is the unique
Geological Survey
1 1 digit alphanumeric United States
(USGS) identifier for each reach.
This is the catalog unit/segment identifier for the
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Variable
AverageFlowMLD
SEVQIOFlowMLD
ONEQIOFlowMLD
HarmonicMeanFlowMLD
MeanVelocityMS
LowVelocityMS
SegmentLengthKM
Dummy
UpstreamLat
UpstreamLong
Q3Lat
QSLong
MidLat
MidLong
QlLat
QlLong
DownstreamLat
DownstreamLong
MaxLat
Reach Data
Description
immediate downstream reach of a given reach.
Average annual flow at the base of the immediate reach
in millions of liters per day.
The lowest flow over a seven day period in the last ten
years at the base of the immediate reach in millions of
liters per day.
The lowest flow over a one day period in the last ten
years at the base of the immediate reach in millions of
liters per day.
The harmonic mean of annual flow at the base of the
immediate reach in millions of liters per day.
The mean flow velocity in meters per second.
The low flow velocity in meters per second.
The length of the immediate reach in kilometers.
This variable is not yet active.
The latitude of the upstream end of the immediate reach
in decimal degrees.
The longitude of the upstream end of the immediate
reach in decimal degrees.
The third quartile latitude upstream from the base of the
reach in decimal degrees.
The third quartile longitude upstream from the base of
the reach in decimal degrees.
The midpoint latitude along the reach path in decimal
degrees.
The midpoint longitude along the reach path in decimal
degrees.
The first quartile latitude upstream from the base of the
reach in decimal degrees.
The first quartile longitude upstream from the base of
the reach in decimal degrees.
The latitude of the downstream end of the immediate
reach in decimal degrees.
The longitude of the downstream end of the immediate
reach in decimal degrees.
The maximum latitude of the immediate reach in
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Reach Data
Variable
MaxLong
MinLat
MinLong
Description
decimal degrees.
The maximum longitude of the immediate reach in
decimal degrees.
The minimum latitude of the immediate reach in
decimal degrees.
The minimum longitude of the
decimal degrees.
immediate reach in
Reach Pops Data
This data set contains information derived from the placement of the population (from U.S.
Census data) on the model grid in relation to stream reaches (from U.S. EPA's RF1).
Reach Pops Data
Variable
CatalogUnitSegment
Primary FIPS
ExposedPop
TotalPop
Cells
MaleOto9 through Female65Up
Description
This is the unique 1 1 digit alphanumeric United States
Geological Survey (USGS) identifier for each reach.
County in which the reach is located.
Number of people eating from reach.
All people within 50 km of reach.
Number of populated cells within 50 km of reach.
Fields showing number of people in each indicated
demographic group for the indicated year for the
indicated county. These fields are mutually exclusive
(they sum to the total number of people in the county).
Release Data
This data set contains the total pounds released as reported in TRI, and the total score for each
release, as well as the release media and the off-site facility that received the release, if any.
F
Variable
ReleaseNumber
SubmissionNumber
Release Data
Description
Unique internal identifier.
Unique internal identifier.
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F
Variable
Media
PoundsReleased
OffsiteNumber
TotalScore
Release Data
Description
Code associated with the media and/or method of
release, as reported by facility in TRI Reporting Form
R. See Media Information for explanation of codes.
Total pounds released, without accounting for treatment.
Unique identifier for off-site facility receiving this
release, if any.
Total score (risk-related result) for release.
SIC Table Data
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes are used to classify businesses into industry
groups producing the same or similar goods. They are maintained by the U.S. Occupational
Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) and can be found online at http://www.osha.gov/
oshstats/sicser.html. This data set is a direct reproduction of that portion of the OSHA SIC
code table that is reportable to TRI.
SIC Data
Variable
SICCode
LongName
PCT_CH6
Description
Four-digit SIC code.
Text description of code.
Estimated percent of total chromium releases
from SIC code that are hexavalent chromium
(remainder is assumed to be trivalent form).
Submission Data
This data set reproduces TRI reported data. However, SubmissionNumber, FacilityNumber,
and ChemicalNumber are unique identifiers internal to the model.
Variable
DCN
SubmissionNumber
FacilityNumber
ChemicalNumber
Submission Data
Description
Unique identifier assigned by TRI to each facility
submission.
Internal identifier assigned to each submission.
Internal identifier unique to each facility.
Internal identifier unique to each chemical.
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Submission Data
Variable
Year
Use
LongOrShort
MaxOnsite
TotalPounds
Description
Year of facility release.
Code describing how chemical is used in reporting
facility, as reported on TRI Reporting Form R. See On-
site Chemical Information in Chapter 10 for an
explanation of the codes.
Code describing whether the submission came from a
short or long form.
Code describing the maximum amount of the chemical
on-site at reporting facility, as reported in TRI
Reporting Form R. See On-site Chemical Information
in Chapter 10 for an explanation of the codes.
Total pounds released.
Weather Data
Weather data used in the model include wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability.
The source of these data are STability ARray (STAR) data, which are available from weather
stations throughout the U.S. The model uses STAR data averaged over the period 1988-1996
from the weather station closest to the facility being modeled. This data set contains the
averaged data for each weather station, but the format of the data prevents it from being viewed
in the data browser. These data were last updated in 2000.
Variable
WBAN
Year
WBANID
Radial Distance
Name
Latitude
Longitude
Temperature
PointUrban
Weather Data
Description
Unique internal identifier.
This variable is not yet active.
The ID assigned to the Weather Bureau/Army/Navy
Weather Station.
Distance from approximate center point of grid, used in
searching for the weather station nearest to facility.
This variable is not yet active.
Latitude of the weather station in decimal degrees.
Longitude of the weather station in decimal degrees.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
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Weather Data
Variable
AreaUrban
PointRural
AreaRural
Description
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
This variable cannot be viewed in the data browser.
WSDB (Water System) Data
This data set contains public water systems, the locations of their drinking water intakes
(although this information is not viewable by the public), and the population served by each
intake. These data are taken from EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS).
However, this data set only lists the intake location and the number of people served by each
intake, not the location of the served population itself. In the absence of data on exactly which
people are drinking from the intake in question, the model assumes the closest people to the
drinking water intake are using it. This data set was last updated in February 2002.
This data set also contains information on the reach that supplies the drinking water intake. In
the absence of this information, it is assumed that the intake is located on the reach nearest the
reported coordinates for the drinking water intake. If no reach is found within one kilometer of
the reported coordinates, then exposure for that intake is not modeled. The closest reach was
determined using reach shapefiles and plotting the intakes using their coordinates.
WSDB (Water System) Data
Variable
IntakeRecordNumber
IntakelD
PWSID*
PWSName
State
County Served
CityServed
PopulationServedEq
PopulationServedL
CatalogUnitSegment
CountyReachFlag
Latitude
Description
Unique internal identifier.
Internal identifier.
Public Water System ID
Name of Public Water System
State in which water system is located.
Primary county served by the public water system.
Primary city served by the public water system.
Number of people served by the public water system.
Number of people served by the public water system.
Unique 1 1 digit alphanumeric United States Geological
Survey (USGS) identifier for each reach.
This flag is no longer active.
Latitude of the water system in decimal degrees (zeroed
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WSDB (Water System) Data
Variable
Longitude
DistanceM
TotalReachLengthKm
ReachLengthlnCountyKm
*One intake for the Los Angeles Dept. oH
reach methodology indicates that there is a
modeled since it is clear that the L.A. Rive
this intake is located is not known.
Description
out).
Longitude of the water system in decimal degrees
(zeroed out).
Distance from the drinking water intake to the modeled
intake reach (m).
This variable is no longer active.
This variable is no longer active.
(Vater and Power is not modeled, although the applied intake-
reach within one kilometer (the L.A. River). Lhis intake is not
r is not its correct source; however, the actual reach on which
ZIP Code Data
The percent of persons who drink well water is available for each county from the National
Well Water Association's data files. These percentages are applied to the population in
individual grid cells to estimate the well water drinkers in a given grid cell. This is used in
modeling ground water contamination. This data set was last updated in 1996.
z
Variable
ZIPCode
Latitude
Longitude
WellWaterPct
RadialDistance
IP Code Data
Description
Five-digit ZIP code
Latitude of the ZIP code centroid in decimal degrees.
Longitude of the ZIP code centroid in decimal degrees.
Percent of the population in the ZIP code that get their
drinking water from a well.
Distance from approximate center point of grid.
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CHAPTER 6
Selecting Releases
Selecting releases (Select button)
The Select button, found at the top of the menu panel, allows you to build selection statements
that pull out specific subsets of data in the model. These subsets can be based on the
geographic locations of facilities, the year of the chemical releases, the kinds of chemicals
released, or any other single variable or combination of variables included in the model. This
selection will then be used as the basic data set for all of the other model functions, like
crosstab and sorted tables, graphs, and maps.
The following sections explain how the Select button can be used to develop new selections,
and save and reopen them. Pressing the Select button brings up the Select elements... screen.
Select eternalts_
Choose records where a|l of the following apply
Enter Description (optional)
The Select Elements... Screen
Opening Existing Selections
The Open button loads the selection statements for selections that have already been saved.
The default directory for saved selections is C:\Program FilesVRSEIYUser, although you can
store them anywhere. Once opened, you can edit the selection, or just click Submit to run the
selection.
New Selections
Each selection is made up of one or more selection statements, which tells the model what kind
of records you want to pull out of the database. Each record is an element - the building block
of the model that defines a chemical release to a specific exposure pathway. There are two
parts to each selection statement - bracket statements and condition statements. Bracket
statements tell the model how to interpret a list of conditions. Bracket statements always come
immediately before a condition or a list of conditions. When you click on the Select button and
the Select elements... screen opens, the first line of text in the dialog box is a bracket
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
statement, 'Choose records where all of the following apply.' This bracket statement tells the
model that a list is coming, and to only select those scores to which ALL of the conditions in
the list apply. If you click on all, a drop-down box will appear with the other operators you can
choose: any, none, or not all.
— Select elements-
^QpenJI
Save Clear Submit | SpecialJ ^CancelJ
( ) Choose records where aj| of the following apply
Enter Desc
all
any
none
not all
. . t n
llpl.luM [Uptluridlj
Operators in the Select Elements... Screen
When you open the Select elements... screen, the most recent selection you submitted is
displayed. You can either modify this selection and resubmit it, or click the Clear button at the
top of the screen to remove all but the very first bracket statement.
Condition statements are the actual criteria you use to select elements. For instance, a condition
could be that the facility releasing the chemical is located in New York, or that the chemical
being released is benzene. Condition statements can pull out any variable that is included in the
model, and select elements that are equal to the criteria you enter, or not equal, less than,
greater than, etc. With the combination of bracket and condition statements, you can construct
very complex selections to pull out only those elements you are interested in.
•^ Select elements—
!. ) Choose records where a|l of the following apply
(Tj Facililhi Location.State is equal to NY
(2.) any of the following apply
iijj Release.Media Code is equal to 1
(22) Release.Media Code is equal to 2
(3.) Chemical Flags.CAA Flag is equal to True
E nter D escription (optional]
racket
Statements
Condition
Statements
Statements in the Select Elements... Screen
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
Adding Selection Statements
When you open the Select elements... screen by clicking on the Select button, you will see one
line of text that says, 'Choose records where all of the following apply.' This is your first
bracket statement, and tells the model how to interpret the condition or list of conditions that
comes next. If you click on all, you can change how the model interprets the ensuing list. You
have the following options:
Bracket Operator Definition
all Every condition in the next list must apply for a record to
any
none
not all
be selected.
At least one condition in the next list must apply for a
record to be selected.
All of the conditions in the next list must NOT apply for a
record to be selected.
At least one of the conditions in the next list must NOT
apply for a record to be selected.
Once you have decided how you want to define your bracket statement, click on the circle to
the left of the text. Click 'Add Condition' in the drop down menu. The following text line will
appear:
1. Chemical Flags.Year Chemical Added is equal to
This is your first condition statement. The first part of the condition, where it says, 'Chemical
Flags,' is the variable group. 'Chemical Flags' is shown as the default text because it happens
to be the first variable group in the drop down menu. Click on that part of the text, and a drop
down box will show the 12 available variable groups. Click on any group name, and a list of
the variables in that group will appear in a menu to the right. See the next section for a
complete listing of all the groups and variables. Click on the desired variable. The variable
group and variable name will now show in the text line. Note that a period separates the
variable group name from the variable name.
|-~- Select ekneatsJ-
**
Open J Save j Clear J Submit j S pecial J Cancel j
O Choose records where a]| of the following apply
(T.) Chemical Flags. Year Chemical Added is equal to 1995 j ,
/
Variable Group and
Variable
Enlei DtKUiipliuri (uptiuridl)
I
t
Condition
Operator
-inlxi
Criterion
Parts of the Condition Statement
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
The second part of the condition is the condition operator. Click on the phrase 'is equal to,' and
a drop down will appear with a list of other available operators. Click on the condition operator
desired, and it will appear in the text line. Note that the operator 'between' is inclusive: 'is
between 1 and 3' will select 1, 2 and 3.
Condition Operator
is equal to
is not equal to
is less than
is less than or equal to
is greater than
is greater than or equal
to
is null
is in list
is between
starts with
does not start with
contains
does not contain
Note
Returns results where variable is exactly equal to value
entered. Used for text and numeric fields. In some
instances a list will appear- click on the selected value in
list.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Used for numeric fields only.
Returns results where variable field is blank. Will not
return results where variable field is zero.
Not currently functional.
Used for numeric fields only. Is inclusive: 'is between 3
and 5' selects 3, 4, and 5.
Used for text fields only.
Used for text fields only.
Used for text fields only.
Used for text fields only.
The third part of the condition is the criterion itself. Depending on the variable you entered,
you may have to enter text or numbers in the space, or if you click on that space, a list of
possible entries for you to choose from may appear. Consult the variable list at the end of this
section for the correct entry format for each variable. Note that after you enter your criterion,
you must click somewhere in the window outside of the box you just typed in, so that the entire
text line turns blue (this enters your change).
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
_ ^rlrrt HrmrntT "
Open ] Save | Clear | Submit [ Special j
(_5 Choose records where aj] of the following apply
( 1 .) Chemical Flags. Year Chemical Added is equal to 1 995
Chemical Flaps j_^_
Chemical Properties ^
^^^H Chemical identifiers f I
Chemical Toxidty >
Bements
Fadlilty Location
Fadlilty Identifiers
Fadlilty Industry
Fadlilty Other
Release
Submission
Enter I Internal IDs >
CancejJ
Variable
Groups
CAS Number
CAS Standard
Chemical Type
Full Chemical Name
Metal
Sort CAS
Sort Name
Variable Groups and Variables
Once you have completed your selection, you can either submit it (by clicking the Submit
button) or further refine it by adding more conditions and/or selection statements.
To add more conditions within the same bracket statement, click on the ' 1' to the left of your
first condition, then click 'Add condition.' A new text line will appear, which you can change
to reflect your desired criterion. Remember that because you are within the same bracket
statement, the model will evaluate this condition along with the first, according to whatever
bracket operator you selected in the bracket statement. For instance, if you selected 'any' as
your bracket statement operator (in the first text line), your first condition was 'Facility
Location.State is equal to NY' and your second condition was 'Chemical Identifiers.Chemical
is equal to Benzene,' the model will return all releases from facilities in New York (regardless
of the chemical) PLUS all releases of benzene in the U.S. (regardless of the state). If what you
really wanted was all releases of benzene from New York, change the bracket statement
operator in the first text line to 'all'. Then the model will only select those releases that are 1)
from facilities in New York, and also 2) benzene releases.
You can also add additional selection statements. Having more than one selection statement is
useful when you want to use different operators on different sets of criteria. For instance,
consider the example above of benzene releases in New York. Perhaps you would like to look
more closely at benzene releases and chlorine releases in New York. In this case, you cannot
simply add another condition statement for chlorine (with 'all' as the bracket operator),
because the model will then look for releases that are 1) from facilities in New York, 2)
benzene releases, and 3) chlorine releases, which is not logically possible. So here you can use
an additional bracket statement to group together benzene and chlorine, and direct the model to
pick releases that are either one.
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
r; Select elements—
Q Choose records where ajj of the following apply
ili_.) Facililt^ Location.State is equal to NY
(2) any of the following apply
(2/y Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Chlorine
(2.2.) Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Benzene
• Enter Description (optional)
Selection Statement
To select benzene and chlorine releases in New York, keep the first text line as is, so it reads
'Choose records where all of the following apply.' Then click on the circle to the left of the
text line, and choose 'Add Condition.' For the first condition, enter 'Facility Location. State is
equal to NY.' Then click on the ' 1' next to the condition, and click 'Add Bracket.' Change 'all'
to 'any'. In line 2.1, which is the first condition of your new selection statement, change the
variable to read, 'Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Benzene.' Then click on the circled
'2.1', and click 'Add Condition.' A new line 2.2 will appear. Change that line so it reads
'Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is equal to Chlorine.' Now the model will understand this
selection as selecting all releases that are 1) from facilities in New York, and 2) Benzene OR
Chlorine.
Note that the selection statements work similarly to outlines. How a line is indented shows you
what grouping it belongs to. The first line (the initial bracket statement) will always apply to
the entire selection, and all additional selection statements are nested within it. Refer to the
example selections at the end of this section for ideas on how to build complex selections with
multiple selection statements.
Deleting Selection Statements
To delete statements, click on the circle to the left of the text line you no longer want, then
click 'Delete Current Row'. If the text line you delete is a bracket statement with conditions
underneath it, those conditions will also be deleted. Note that the first bracket statement cannot
be deleted. Clicking on the Clear button will erase your entire selection.
'Special' Button
Under the Special button in the Select elements... screen, there are two options that allow you
to create two different types of selections with multiple condition statements quickly and
easily. The 'SIC code chain' option will automatically select all those facilities that report the
4-digit SIC code you enter as any one of their six reported SIC codes. The 'Read Facility IDs
from File' option allows you to import a text file containing a list of TRI facility IDs that you
wish to use in your selection. The list should be in a plain text file (extension .txt with no
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
extraneous formatting) with each facility ID followed by a hard return, and no hard return after
the very last entry. After entering either option, the model will add a sequence of condition
statements to the selection window. You can then further modify your selection.
Saving/Opening Selections
The RSEI model allows you to save your selection statements, so that you can either use the
selection again in a later analysis, or just use the selection statements as a starting point for a
similar selection. In the box at the bottom of the screen, beneath 'Enter Description' you can
enter a fairly lengthy text description of your selection that will be displayed the next time you
open it. Click the Save button at the top of the screen, and the selection will be saved to your
hard drive. Note that this only saves the selection itself, not the results of the selection. Next
time you open it (using the Open button at the top left), you will have to resubmit in order to
use the resulting set.
Submitting Your Selection
When you are finished building your selection, click Submit to run it. Depending on your
computer's memory (RAM) and the size of the requested set, your selection may take up to 30
minutes or longer to finish. Shorter selections, such as all facilities in one state for one year,
should be done in under five minutes.
At any time, if you forget what your selection is, click on the text that
lists the number of selected facilities, releases, and elements in the far
upper right of the screen. A selection box will appear reminding you of
your selection statements.
Variable Descriptions
The following tables describe the variables and variable groups that you can use to build your
selection. Each table also provides the correct entry format for each variable, or notes that the
model contains a list to select from.
NOTE: It is important to use the entry format listed (e.g., use all capitals if indicated).
Otherwise, your selection will contain incorrect data, or will not return any results at all.
Chemical Flags
Chemical flags indicate whether a chemical is in a particular group of interest. For example, as
noted below, chemicals with primary or secondary drinking water standards under the Safe
Drinking Water Act contain the word 'True' in the SDWA Flag field.
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Chemical Flags
Variable
Year Chemical
Added
Description
The year the chemical was added to the
Toxics Release Inventory
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Choices are:
1987 - 2000
Enter all four digits, [e.g.,
1988]
CAA Flag
CERCLA Flag
This flag marks the chemicals that are Clean
Air Act pollutants.
This flag marks the chemicals that are
regulated under Superfund (CERCLA-the
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act).
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
Core Chemical
Flag
This flag marks the chemicals that are
common to all reporting years of TRI and that
have had no modifications of reporting
requirements, as determined by the 1988 Core
Chemical List found on the TRI Explorer
website. ForRSEI Version2.1.5, this flag
produces the same results as the Mini Core
Chemical Flag (data for TRI reporting years
1988 through 1995 are not included in
Version 2.1.5, except upon request).
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
Core 98
Chemical Flag
Expansion Flag
This flag marks the chemicals that are
common to TRI reporting years 1998 through
2005 and that have had no modifications of
reporting requirements, as determined by the
1998 Core Chemical List found on the TRI
Explorer website.
This flag marks the chemicals that were added
to the Section 313 toxic chemical list for
reporting in 1995 and later years.
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
HAP Flag
OSHA
Carcinogens
This flag marks the chemicals that are
hazardous air pollutants, as defined by the
Clean Air Act.
This flag indicates whether the chemical is a
known or suspect human carcinogen based on
OSHA criteria. Known human carcinogens are
defined as those that have been shown to
cause cancer in humans. Suspect human
carcinogens have been shown to cause cancer
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
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Chemical Flags
Variable
Description
in animals. The list of chemicals flagged as
OSHA carcinogens is provided on the TRI
website.*
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Priority Pollutant
Flag
33/50 Flag
PBT Flag
This flag marks the chemicals that are priority
pollutants, as defined by the Clean Water Act.
This flag is a marker which indicates that the
chemical is included in EPA's 33/50 program,
a program in which facilities voluntarily
reduce their chemical releases by 33 percent
and 50 percent by certain dates.
Indicates whether EPA has designated this
chemical as a priority chemical under the
Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT)
Chemical Program.
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
SDWA Flag
High Production
Volume Flag
This flag marks the chemicals that have
national primary or secondary drinking water
standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
This flag marks the chemicals that are
included in EPA's High Production Volume
program. Inclusion is defined as having been
assigned any combination of 0,1,2,3 or 4 in
EPA's HPV Challenge list. Chemicals
assigned a 5 are not considered included.
These values are defined as follows (for more
information see EPA's HPV Challenge
website.
0 = Within the scope of the HPV Challenge
Program and may be sponsored.
1 = Not considered a candidate for testing
under the program, based on preliminary EPA
review indicating that testing using the SIDS
base set would not further understanding of
the chemical's properties. May be sponsored,
however.
2 = Otherwise being handled under the
OECD's Screening Information Data Set
(SIDS) Program (may be sponsored).
3 = Not subject to the program because it is a
polymer or inorganic substance (may be
sponsored).
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
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Chemical Flags
Variable
Description
4 = Sponsorship of a chemical under the
International Council of Chemical
Associations (ICCA) HPV Initiative has been
confirmed by ICCA and all information
essentially equivalent to a Full Commitment
under the program has been provided to the
Agency.
5 = Chemical meets the criteria for being "No
Longer HPV" and is no longer subject to the
program (may be sponsored)
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Mini Core
Chemical Flag
This flag marks the chemicals that are
common to TRI reporting years 1995 through
2002 and that have had no modifications of
reporting requirements in that time period, as
determined by the 1995 Core Chemical List
found on the TRI Explorer website. For RSEI
Version 2.1.5, this flag produces the same
results as the Core Chemical Flag (data for
TRI reporting years 1988 through 1995 are
not included in Version 2.1.5, except upon
request).
True [chemical meets this
criterion]
False [chemical does not
meet this criterion]
HPV Challenge
Value
Chemical's status as assigned by EPA. See
descriptions under "High Production Volume
Flag" above.
Enter single number 0
through 5, or specific
combination of numbers,
e.g., '2,4.' For all possible
combinations of a value,
use the 'contains' operator
with the desired value.
Note that this variable
includes chemicals
assigned '5,' which the
previous variable does not.
To query all HPV
Challenge chemicals,
including those assigned
'5,' use the following
selection: any of the
following apply- High
Production Volume Flag is
equal to True; HPV
Challenge Value contains
5.
*Even if a chemical is flagged as an OSHA carcinogen, its toxicity weight for a given exposure pathway
may not be based on its carcinogenic effects. For example, a chemical that causes both carcinogenic and
noncarcinogenic effects when inhaled may have a higher inhalation toxicity weight associated with
noncarcinogenic effects than with its carcinogenic effects. If you wish to view all chemicals that have
inhalation toxicity weights based on cancer health effects, see the Toxicity Class - Inhale field. To obtain a
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Chemical
Variable
list of chemicals that
field.
Description
have toxicity weights based only on
Flags
cancer health effe
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
cts, see the Toxicity Category
Chemical Properties
Chemical properties are used in the model to estimate fate and transport of the chemicals in
soil, water, and air. Because of the number of chemicals in the model, there may be a wide
range of values associated with each property. In addition, there may be no information
available for some chemicals and properties. For convenience, the approximate range of
properties for chemicals currently in the model is presented in the following table.
Variable
Air Decay (1/hr)
BCF (L/kg)
H2ODecay(l/
hr)
Henrys (atm/
(mole/m3))
Incinerator DRE
(pet)
Kd(L/kg)
Koc (mL/g)
LOGKow
Chemical Properties
Description
The rate at which a chemical degrades in air,
due primarily to photooxidation by radicals
(hr1).
Bioconcentration factor: the ratio of a
chemical's concentration in fish to its
concentration in water at equilibrium (L/kg).
The rate at which a chemical degrades in
water, due to abiotic hydrolysis,
biodegradation, or photolysis (hr1).
Henry's law constant: the ratio of a chemical's
concentration in the air to its concentration in
the water at equilibrium (atm-mVmol).
Destruction/removal efficiencies, expressed as
the percent of chemical fed to the incinerator
that is not released to the air.
The soil-water partition, or distribution,
coefficient. For organics, the value is often
estimated as the product of Koc and foe (the
fraction of organic carbon in the soil) (L/kg).
The organic carbon-water partition
coefficient, used in estimates of chemical
sorption to soil (mL/g).
The logarithm of the octanol-water partition
coefficient. Kow is the ratio of a chemical's
concentration in the octanol phase to its
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Range is 0.000000324 to
276.
Range is 0 to 550,000.
Range is 0 to 276.
Range is 9. 11 e-44to94.5.
Range is 88.5 to 99.9999
Range is 4 to 4 100.
Range is 1 to
10,000,000,000.
Range is -7. 18 to 12.11.
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Chemical Properties
Variable
Molecular
Weight (g/mole)
POTW Partition
(Biod) (pet)
POTW Partition
(Removal) (pet)
POTW Partition
(Sludge) (pet)
POTW Partition
(Volat) (pet)
Water Solubility
(mg/L)
Description
concentration in the aqueous phase at
equilibrium in a two-phase octanol/water
system.
The mass in grams of one mole of molecules
of a chemical compound.
Percent of total POTW (Publicly Owned
Treatment Works) removal efficiency
attributable to biodegradation of the chemical.
Percent of chemical removed from the
wastewater by the POTW.
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency
attributable to sorption of the chemical to
sewage sludge.
Percent of total POTW removal efficiency
attributable to volatilization of the chemical.
The amount of chemical that dissolves in
water at a particular temperature, usually 25
degrees Celsius (mg/L).
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Range is
Range is
Range is
Range is
Range is
Range is
9.01 to 1,052.7
0 to 100.
1.85 to 100.
0 to 100.
0 to 99.01.
0 to 3,320,000.
Chemical Identifiers
Chemicals can be identified by common or scientific name and by the Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS) Registry number. Chemicals may have more than one common (or scientific
name), but they have only one CAS Number. Another important identifier is whether or not the
chemical is a metal. Also, the designation of core chemical, as noted below, indicates whether
or not facilities have been required to report releases of the chemical during all years of TRI
reporting included in the RSEI Model, without any changes or modifications to the chemical's
reporting requirements.
Chemical Identifiers
Variable
CAS Number
CAS Standard
Description
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
Number, which identifies a unique
chemical. For chemical categories, CAS
Numbers begin with "N", followed by
three digits.
The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Select from list.
Select from list.
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Chemical Identifiers
Variable
Chemical
ChemType
Full Chemical
Name
Metal
Sort CAS
Sort Name
Description
Number identifies a unique chemical. The
standard format contains three sets of
numbers divided by hyphens (00-00-0).
Common name(s) of the chemical.
This identifier is not yet active.
Full scientific name(s) of the chemical.
This flag indicates whether the chemicals
are metals and also whether they are core
chemicals. (Core chemicals are those that
are common to all reporting years of TRI
and which have had no modifications of
reporting requirements.)
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
Number, which identifies a unique
chemical. For chemical categories, CAS
Numbers begin with "N", followed by
three digits.
Common name of chemical, with initial
modifiers moved to end of name. Used
for internal sorting purposes.
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Select from list.
Enter as text with initial capital
(not recommended- Use of
variable 'Chemical' is more
reliable.)
Choices are: M [metal];
CM [core metal];
NM [non-metal]; or CNM [core
non-metal]
Enter without hyphens (functions
same as variable 'CAS Number')
Enter as text with initial capital
(not recommended- Use of
variable 'Chemical' is more
reliable.)
Chemical Toxicity
A variety of toxicity information is stored in the RSEI Model, ranging from information that
makes up the underlying non-cancer and cancer toxicity values to the actual toxicity weights
assigned to the chemicals using the method applied by the RSEI Model. You can choose
subsets any of these variables when building your selection. See the Introduction for a
description of toxicity data in the model and for information on the method used to assign
toxicity weights.
Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Inhale Tox
Weight
Description
The RSEI toxicity weight for a chemical for
the inhalation pathway.
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
Range is 0.036 to 1,000,000.
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Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
MCL (mg/L)
EPA's current Maximum Contaminant
Level, which is the national primary
drinking water standard for the chemical.
Range is 00000003 to 10.
Oral Tox
Weight
The RSEI toxicity weight for a chemical for
the oral pathway.
Range is 0.01 to 1,000,000.
QSTAR Oral
(1/mg/kg-day)
RfC Conf.
RfC Inhale
(mg/m3)
The oral cancer slope factor (ql*): a
measure of the incremental lifetime risk of
cancer by oral intake of a chemical,
expressed as risk per mg/kg-day.
Range is 0.000012 to 230.
Confidence levels are assigned to the study-
used to derive the RfC, the overall database,
and to the RfC itself.
Three levels may be assigned:
H [high];
M-H [medium-high];
M [medium]; L-M [low-
medium];
L [low]
The inhalation reference concentration
(RfC) is defined as "an estimate (with
uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of a continuous inhalation
exposure to the human population (including
sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be
without appreciable risk of deleterious
noncancer health effects during a lifetime."
Range is 0.00001 to 50.
RfCMF
The modifying factor (MF) is a value
applied to the NOAEL when scientific
uncertainties in the study chosen for
estimating the RfC are not explicitly
addressed by the standard UFs.
Three values may be assigned:
1.0
3.0
10.0
RfCUF
RfDConf.
RfDMF
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to the
no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)
upon which the RfC is based, thereby
reducing the dose. The UF accounts for
uncertainties in extrapolation from
experimental data to an estimate appropriate
to humans.
Confidence levels are assigned to the study
used to derive the RfD, the overall database,
and to the RfD itself.
Range is 10 to 10,000.
Three levels may be assigned:
H [high]
M [medium]
L [low]
The modifying factor (MF) is a value
applied to the NOAEL when scientific
Four values may be assigned:
1.0
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Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
uncertainties in the study chosen for
estimating the RfD are not explicitly
addressed by the standard UFs.
3.0
5.0
10.0
RfD Oral (mg/
kg-day)
The oral reference dose (RfD) is "an
estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps
an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure
[by ingestion] to the human population
(including sensitive subgroups) that is likely
to be without an appreciable risk of
deleterious effects during a lifetime."
Range is 0.000007 to 50.
RfDUF
The uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to the
no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)
upon which the RfD is based, thereby
reducing the dose. The UF accounts for
uncertainties in extrapolation from
experimental data to an estimate appropriate
to humans.
Range is 1 to 30,000.
Toxicity
Category
This indicates whether the oral and
inhalation toxicity weights are based on
cancer health effects, non-cancer health
effects, or both.
Choices are: Carcinogen
[indicates that the chemical's
most sensitive endpoint for
both exposure pathways is
cancer]; Non-carcinogen
[indicates that the chemical's
most sensitive endpoint for
both exposure pathways is
noncancer effects]; and Mixed
[indicates that the chemical's
most sensitive endpoint varies
by exposure pathway]
Toxicity Class
- Inhale
This indicates whether the toxicity weight
for the inhalation pathway is based on
cancer or noncancer health effects.
Choices are: Carcinogen
[indicates that the chemical's
most sensitive endpoint for the
inhalation pathway is cancer];
Non-carcinogen [indicates
that the chemical's most
sensitive endpoint for the
inhalation pathway is
noncancer effects];
Carcinogen*; and Non-
carcinogen*. An asterisk
indicates that the toxicity
weight came from the oral
exposure pathway.
Toxicity Class
-Oral
This indicates whether the toxicity weight
for the oral pathway is based on cancer or
Choices are: Carcinogen
[indicates that the chemical's
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Chemical Toxicity
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible
Values
noncancer health effects.
most sensitive endpoint for the
oral pathway is cancer]; Non-
carcinogen [indicates that the
chemical's most sensitive
endpoint for the oral pathway
is noncancer effects];
Carcinogen*; and Non-
carcinogen*. An asterisk
indicates that the toxicity
weight came from the
inhalation pathway.
Toxicity
Source
Source of toxicity information
Choices are: IRIS, OPP,
ATSDR, CalEPA, HEAST, or
DERIVED plus the date of
search. This field is not
recommended for searching.
Unit Risk
Inhale
(1/mg/m3)
WOE
The unit inhalation risk is the excess lifetime
risk due to a "continuous constant lifetime
exposure of one unit of carcinogen
concentration"(51 FR 33998).
Range is 0.00026 to 67.
Weight of evidence (WOE) categories
indicate how likely a chemical is to be a
human carcinogen, based on considerations
of the quality and adequacy of data and the
type of responses induced by the suspected
carcinogen. EPA WOE classifications
include the following categories and
associated definitions (51 FR 33996):
A Carcinogenic to humans
B Probable carcinogen based on:
B1 • Limited human evidence
B2 • Sufficient evidence in animals
and inadequate or no evidence in
humans:
C Possible carcinogen
D Not classifiable
E Evidence of non-carcinogenicity
Choices are:
A
Bl
B2
C
D
E
Elements
The variables in the following table are associated with the elements generated by the RSEI
model. In general, the information in the following table describes output from the model or
describes the variables as used in the model.
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Variable
Pounds (Post
treatment)
Population
Score
Score Category
Code
Score Category
Text
Score Children <
10
Score Children
10 to 17
Score Males 18
to 44
Score Females
18 to 44
Score Adults 65
and older
Elements
Description
Total pounds released associated
with each element after any
treatment by POTWs or offsite
facilities.
Exposed population associated with
each element.
Indicator Element Score.
Codes corresponding to the medium
into which the chemical is released.
Examples of the information
include: direct air releases from the
stack using a "rural" air dispersion
model, fugitive air releases, releases
to an on-site landfill.
Descriptions of release media and
other descriptors corresponding with
the score category codes.
Indicator Element Score for children
less than ten years old.
Indicator Element Score for children
between ten and 17 years of age
(inclusive).
Indicator Element Score for males
18 years old through 44 years old
(inclusive).
Indicator Element Score for females
18 years old through 44 years old
(inclusive).
Indicator Element Score for adults
65 years old and greater.
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Range is 0 to 330,000,000.
Range is 0 to 16,322,357.
Range is 0 to 8,259,255.5.
Choices are 0-33
[See Score Category Information
in Chapter 10 for descriptions]
[See Score Category Information
in Chapter 10 for descriptions]
[The descriptions in this table are
not the exact descriptions included
in the model; it is recommended that
you use the Media Codes when
building your selection rather than
these media descriptions]
Range is 0 to 1,491,545.
Range is 0 to 1,127,309.
Range is 0 to 1,394,362.
Range is 0 to 1,395,487.
Range is 0 to 1,128,257.
Facility Location
One or more facilities can be used in a selection based on location. For example, a single
facility may be located using the street address, or all facilities in a state may be chosen.
Facilities can also be chosen based on their distance from the nearest stream reach or the
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nearest weather station (WBAN). All variables that can be used to select facilities based on
location are listed in the following table:
Facility Location
Variable
City
County
Distance to
Stream
Distance to
WBAN
FIPS
Latitude
Longitude
EPA Region
On Tribal Land
Tribal Land
Name
State
Street
LatLongMethod
Description
City where the TRI facility is
located
County where the TRI facility is
located
The distance between a facility and
its nearest reach (m).
The distance between a facility and
the nearest weather station (m).
TRI facility FIPS (Federal
Information Processing Standard)
code which identifies the county
associated with the facility
Final facility latitude after RSEI QA
process.
Final facility longitude after RSEI
QA process.
EPA region where facility is located.
There are 10 EPA regions. Any
information which cannot be
matched to an actual EPA region
(such as an unrecognized ZIP code)
is assigned to a dummy region
(called UK)
Flag indicating whether facility is
located on a tribal land.
Name of tribal land on which facility
is located.
State in which the facility is located
Street address of facility.
Method by which the final
coordinates of the facility were
determined.
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Enter city name using all capital
letters.*
Select from list. Entries are in the
following form: State abbreviation,
County name [FIPS = 5 -digit FIPS
code]
Range is 2.96 to 3,773,077.
Range is 0 to 336,5 10.
Enter code using leading zeros if
code is less than five digits.
Range is -14.29 to 93.29.
Range is -170.69 to 145.71.
Enter EPA region number 1 through
10.
True [facility is on tribal land]
False [facility is not on tribal land]
Enter text.
Enter the two character state postal
code, using all capital letters
Enter text. (Not recommended
unless exact entry from Form R is
known)
Enter text.
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Facility Location
Variable
X
Description
Assigned grid value based on
latitude
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Range is -18,381.5 to 15,647.5.
Y
ZIP Code
Assigned grid value based on
longitude
Range is -1,587.5 to 7,382.5.
Facility ZIP code
Enter five digits**
State FIPS
TRI facility FIPS (Federal
Information Processing Standard)
code which identifies the state
associated with the facility.
Enter code using leading zeros if
code is less than two digits.
*Because there may be some variation in the spelling of city, county, or facility names in the TRI
database, you may need to enter several spellings of the item you are interested in. For example, to obtain
data for St. Louis, Missouri, you should enter all of the following city spellings:
SAINT LOUIS
ST. LOUIS
ST LOUIS
"Over the years covered by the model, some ZIP codes have been deleted, others have been reassigned,
and yet others have been added. Thus, when doing regional selections, use of city, county, state, or region
is advisable.
Facility Identifiers
Some users may be familiar with facility identifiers, and may wish to use this information to
choose the facilities of interest. A variety of identifiers, from the name as reported to TRI to
identifying numbers associated with marketing data (DUNS numbers) are listed in the
following table, along with the formats required when selecting the facilities:
Facility Identifiers
Variable
DUNS
Facility ID
Name
Near Stream
NPDES Permit
Description
The 9-digit number assigned by Dun
& Bradstreet for the facility or
establishment within the facility
Unique TRI identifier for facility
TRI facility name
USGS Reach Identifier
(Concatenation of Catalog, Unit,
Segment)
Permit number issued by US EPA
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Enter the nine digits.
Enter the 15 character TRI identifier,
using digits and upper case letters.
Enter name using capital letters.*
Enter the 11 digits.
Enter the nine digits.
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Facility Identifiers
Variable
Number
Parent DUNS
Parent Name
RCRA Number
Description
for facilities discharging to water.
The 9-digit number assigned by Dun
& Bradstreet for the US parent
company.
Name of the corporation or other
business entity located in the U.S.
that directly owns at least 50 percent
of the voting stock of the facility.
Number assigned by EPA to
facilities handling hazardous waster
under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act.
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Enter the nine digits.
Enter name using all capital letters.
Enter the 12 digits.
WBANID
The ID assigned to the Weather
Bureau/Army/Navy Weather Station
nearest to the facility.
Enter 1 to 3 digits.
*Because there may be some variation in the spelling of city, county, or facility names in the TRI
database, you may need to enter several spellings of the item you are interested in. For example, to obtain
data for St. Louis, Missouri, you should enter all of the following city spellings:
SAINT LOUIS
ST. LOUIS
ST LOUIS
Facility Industry
A subset of all industries are required to report their releases to TRI. Specifically, all facilities
within 2-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39 must report releases
(if those releases exceed given thresholds), and selected facilities within SIC codes 10, 12, 49,
51, and 73 must report their releases. A given facility may produce more than one type of
product or may be associated with more than one type of activity, and therefore, the facility
may report up to six SIC codes on TRI Form R, with one code designated as primary. Facilities
may submit multiple Form R's, and so potentially may report more than six SIC codes and
multiple primary codes.
Because sector-based analyses are an important component of RSEI, facility reporting data are
processed to make them easier to use. For any facility that has multiple primary SIC codes,
RSEI assigns the most frequently reported as SIC Code 1. If more than five additional SIC
codes are reported, RSEI assigns the five most frequently reported as SIC Codes 2 through 6.
Users can use the other fields to make selections at a more aggregated level (2 or 3-digit SIC
Codes). Note that if you choose to select releases using a numerical value in the 'SIC Code
Same 2 Digit' field, the model will not select facilities that have reported more than one 2-digit
SIC Code (in such cases the code shows 'MU,' 'MO' or 'MN'). For details on the processing
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of the SIC Code data, see Technical Appendix F. See Standard Industrial Classification Codes
for a list of the industries associated with 2-digit and 3-digit SIC codes. The following table
describes all the variables used in the model.
Variable
Federal Facility
Flag
SIC Code 1
SIC Code 2
SIC Code 2 Digit
Primary
SIC Code 3
SIC Code 3 Digit
Primary
SIC Code 4
SIC Code 5
SIC Code 6
Multiple Primary
SIC
SIC Code Same
2 Digit
Facility Indust
Description
Code that indicates whether a
facility is considered federal for
purposes of Executive Order 12856.
Facility's 4-digit SIC code
designated as "primary" by facility
on Form R. If no primary SIC is
designated, the field displays "MR."
Facility's most frequently reported
non-primary 4-digit SIC code.
First 2 digits of facility's primary
SIC code.
Facility's second most frequently
reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code.
First 3 digits of facility's primary
SIC code.
Facility's third most frequently
reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code.
Facility's fourth most frequently
reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code.
Facility's fifth most frequently
reported non-primary 4-digit SIC
code.
Code that indicates whether the
facility designated multiple SIC
codes as primary on Form R's
submitted.
This code uses all SIC codes
reported by a facility to arrive at a
single 2-digit code for the facility, if
applicable.
ry
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Choices are: C = commercial; F =
federal; or G = government
contractor.
Select from list.
Select from list.
Enter two digits.
Select from list.
Enter three digits.
Select from list.
Select from list.
Select from list.
Choices are: True [facility reported
multiple primary SIC codes] or False
[facility reported only one primary
SIC code].
Choices are:
10, 12,20-39,49,51,73;
MU [for multiple codes among the
two digit codes listed above];
MO [for multiple codes within the
original industries only (20-39)];
MN [for multiple codes within the
expansion industries only (10, 12,
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Facility Industry
Variable
Description
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
49, 51. 73)]; or
NR [for codes outside the valid
reporting range, NR or INVA].
Facility Other
Facility-specific information is used to model air releases from the facility. For example,
unique stack heights are used where available. Stack-specific variables are described in the
following table:
Facility Other
Variable
Stack Diameter
Stack Diameter
Source
Stack Height
Stack Height
Source
Stack Velocity
Description
Diameter of facility stack that is
emitting the pollutant (m).
Source of information on stack
diameter.
Height of facility stack that is
emitting the pollutant (m).
Source of information on stack
height.
Rate at which the pollutant exits the
stack (m/s).
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Range is 0.001 to 36.58.
Choices are: Calif [facility-specific
data obtained from California state
database]; EPRI fac [facility-specific
data provided by the Electric Power
Research Institute]; EPRI med [the
overall median of coal/oil electric
utilities provided by the Electric
Power Research Institute]; Fac Spec
[facility-specific data obtained from
NEI, AFS, or NET]; New York
[facility-specific data obtained from
New York state database]; Overall
[median of all facilities obtained
from AFS and NET]; SIC 2dig
[median of all facilities in 2-digit
SIC code obtained from AFS and
NET]; SIC 3dig [median of all
facilities in 3 -digit SIC code
obtained from AFS and NET]; Wise
[facility-specific data obtained from
Wisconsin state database].
Range is 0.3 to 336. 18.
See Stack Diameter Source.
Range is 0.0001 to 5 1.93.
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Facility Other
Variable
Stack Velocity
Source
Description
Source of information on stack
velocity.
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
See Stack Diameter Source.
Release
The following table includes variables similar to some of the variables described in the
Elements table. The main difference, however, is that the following variables reflect the
information as reported by facilities to the TRI rather than information specific to the method
used to model releases in the RSEI Model. For example, there is a Media Code for releases to
the air from the facility stack (i.e., Stack Air), but there is no indication of whether the release
occurs in an urban or rural area (a distinction used in the air dispersion models).
Variable
Media Text
Media Code
Pounds Released
Release
Description
Descriptions of receiving media
associated with Media Codes.
Code associated with the media and/
or method of release.
Number of pounds released into this
media (Ibs).
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
See Media Information in Chapter
10 for descriptions of Media Codes.
[The descriptions in this table are
not the exact descriptions included
in the model; it is recommended that
you use the Media Codes when
building your selection rather than
these media descriptions].
Enter digits using the codes listed in
Media Information in Chapter 10 .
Range is 1 to 330,000,000.
Submission
Information other than media-specific releases and SIC codes is submitted by facilities to TRI,
and is retained in the model. This information is described in the following table:
Variable
DCN
Submission
Description
Unique document control number
assigned by TRI to each submission
by a reporting facility .
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Enter 13 digits.
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Submission
Variable
Max Amount
Onsite
Total Pounds to
All Media
Chemical Use
Code
Long/Short Form
Year
Description
Maximum amount of chemical
stored onsite in any given calendar
year.
Combined releases to all media for
each TRI submission.
Code describing whether chemical is
manufactured, processed, or
otherwise used at the facility
Code describing whether data were
submitted via the TRI long form or
the TRI short form.
Reporting year of interest
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Enter digits using the codes listed in
On-site Chemical Information.
No longer active.
Enter letter using the codes listed in
On-site Chemical Information.
Enter L for long form and S for
short form.
Select from list.
Internal IDs
Numbers assigned within the RSEI Model can be used to identify facilities, chemicals, and
releases. Use the following formats for building selections using these numbers:
Variable
Element Number
Release Number
Chemical
Number
Facility Number
Submission
Number
Off-site Number
Internal IDs
Description
Unique identifier for Indicator
Elements.
Unique identifier for facility
releases.
Unique identifier for TRI chemicals.
Unique identifier for TRI facilities.
Unique identifier for submissions.
Unique identifier for off-site
facilities.
Format for Entering
Information/ Possible Values
Range is 1 to 3,801,711.
Range is 1 to 4,111,667.
Range is 1 to 614.
Range is 1 to 51,561.
Range is 1 to 1,647,717.
Range is 1 to 6,000,923.
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
Examples of Complex Selections
The following examples explain how to build complex queries to answer specific questions.
Note that when building a complex query, the order in which you list condition statements does
not matter; what does matter is how you bracket them.
Example 1
Suppose you want to look at air releases of chemicals that are Clean Air Act pollutants or
Hazardous Air pollutants. You have already looked at California specifically, so you are not
interested in releases from that state. In addition, you have already looked at benzene and
toluene releases by themselves, so you would like to exclude them, too. Your selection would
look like the following:
Choose records where all of the following apply
1. Facility Location. State is not equal to CA
2. any of the following apply
2.1. Chemical Flags. HAP Flag is equal to True
2.2. Chemical Flags. CAA Flag is equal to True
3. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is not equal to Benzene
4. Chemical Identifiers.Chemical is not equal to Toluene
5. any of the following apply
5.1. Release Media.Code is equal to 1
5.2. Release Media.Code is equal to 2
Example 2
Suppose you want to look at a specific industry, for instance paints and allied products, SIC
code 2851. Because reporting facilities are allowed to report up to six 4-digit SIC codes, to be
sure that you select all of the facilities in the industry, it is safest to allow the selection of a
facility with that SIC code in any one of those six fields. Suppose you are also only interested
in releases of OSHA carcinogens, and only those facilities in Texas. Your period of interest is
1998 to the present, and you want to exclude large facilities that release over 1,000,000 pounds
annually. Your selection would look like the following:
Choose records where all of the following apply
1 .any of the following apply
1.1. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 2851
1.2. Facility Industry.SIC Code 2 is equal to 2851
1.3. Facility Industry.SIC Code 3 is equal to 2851
1.4. Facility Industry.SIC Code 4 is equal to 2851
1.5. Facility Industry.SIC Code 5 is equal to 2851
1.6. Facility Industry.SIC Code 6 is equal to 2851
2. Facility Location. State is equal to TX
3. Chemical Flags.OSHA Carcinogens is equal to True
4. Submission.Total Pounds is less than 1000000
5. Submission. Year is greater than 1998
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Example 3
Suppose you want to look at a trend over time (1996-2005) in risk-related scores. As noted
previously, changes have been made to the TRI reporting requirements that need to be
accounted for when doing time trend analyses. The first change is that in 1998 TRI required
facilities in new SIC codes to report. These facilities must be excluded to get an accurate time
trend. The second change is that TRI has added and deleted chemicals from the list of
reportable chemicals, and changed how some chemicals are reported. RSEI includes a flag
called 'Core Chemical,' that marks only those chemicals that have been reported over the
entire time period of TRI reporting with no changes in the details of their reporting
requirements. RSEI also contains a flag called 'MiniCore Chemical,'which has the same
practical effect in the current version of the model as 'Core Chemical,', since RSEI does not
contain TRI data for TRI reporting years before 1996 (except upon request). In this example,
you can use 'Core Chemical.' In addition, if you are only interested in risk-related scores, you
can limit your selection to the media that are fully modeled (air, direct water, POTW and off-
site incineration releases). Your selection would look like the following:
Choose records where all of the following apply
1. none of the following apply
1.1. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1021
1.2. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1031
1.3. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1041
1.4. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1044
1.5. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1061
1.6. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1099
1.7. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1221
1.8. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1222
1.9. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 1231
1.10. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4911
1.11. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4931
1.12. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4939
1.13. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 4953
1.14. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 5169
1.15. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 5171
1.16. Facility Industry.SIC Code 1 is equal to 7389
2. Chemical Flags.Core Chemical Flag is equal to True
3. any of the following apply
3.1. Release.Media Code is less than or equal to 3
3.2. Release.Media Code is equal to 6
3.3. Release.Media Code is equal to 750
3.4. Release.Media Code is equal to 754
Because it is always a good idea to exclude the new industries and include only the core
chemicals when doing a time trend analysis, this is a very useful selection. It saves the need to
retype the selection statements each time you do a time trend if you save the first two
statements (everything up to '3. any of the following apply') the first time you type them, by
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CHAPTER 6: Selecting Releases
clicking on the Save button at the top of the Select Elements... screen. To retrieve the
selection, click the Open button, and modify the selection as needed. If you do not click the
Save button after your modifications, only the original part of the selection will be saved. If
you want to save your modifications in addition to your original statements, simply save the
modified selection with a new name.
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
CHAPTER 7
Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected
Facilities Browser
Once you have selected the records you would like to analyze using the Select button, you can
view your data in a variety of ways. To see a list of the facilities in the selected data set and
their locations on a map, choose Selected Facilities Browser from the second row of options
at the top of the screen. You will see a screen with three parts. The top part of the screen is the
list of the facilities selected in your selection. You can group and sort this list, and expand it to
look at specific chemical releases for each facility. The bottom left part of the screen is the U.S.
map. Here you can map your selected facilities, as well as show the surrounding populations
and the concentrations of air releases. The map information screen at the bottom right provides
the buttons which navigate and customize the map, and displays information about the map's
current display. You can resize each of the sections of the screen by clicking and dragging on
the arrows separating each section of the screen. The following sections describe each part of
the screen, and how they function together to allow you to see the information you need in the
most helpful way.
Start j Selected Facilities Browser Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
City
Selected
Facilities List
State ZipCode Latitude
5.793 facilities selected
123.452 releases selected
312.038 elements selected
Longitude Score 2005
CORDO ,.
DECATUF
rNOXVILLE
LITTLE ROCl
ME '«.D«
', /AUS-U
WAlj:.AlJ
IL
AL
iaiE»oo
1 UJE-01
50-IE-01
U.S.
Map
Position Cell;
Change Theme F Show feature outline
C ittrent theme: Concentration -> 2002 release ot 2,065 pouni i *
01 Oia:irion h, -4ACO LA' VN PRODUCTS
Current ,-eliie .McTE-U11. Map
Range: 7.6SS3E-06 - 7.6322E-01 | nfOrmatjOn
Mean: 5.53ESE-04
Sum: 5.6181
StdDev:1.0077E-02
Screen
Memory: 21,656kb
The Selected Facilities Browser
When you open the Selected Facilities Browser, it may take a few minutes to update the
display with the set of selected facilities. Even if your set has not changed, if you open another
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
screen, then go back to the Selected Facilities Browser, the model will refresh the screen
again, which will take a few minutes to complete. The status bar at the bottom left of your
screen will inform you of what the model is doing.
The Selected Facilities List
The list at the top of the screen shows all the facilities that have at least one release in the
selected set. For each facility, the list shows its TRI facility ID number, the facility name, the
city, state and ZIP code of the facility, its latitude and longitude, and the total score for the
facility in 2005. The default sort order of the list is by TRI Facility ID. However, by clicking
on the header for any column, you can sort the list by that column's variable. A grayed-out
arrow will appear in the right-hand corner of the header to show you that the list is sorted by
that column. Note that if a facility is highlighted before sorting, it will remain in the display
afterward. If you want to see the beginning of your list, use the arrow buttons to scroll up to the
beginning.
The list works like a directory tree (such as in Windows Explorer) that you can expand or
collapse by double-clicking on rows (or by clicking on the plus or minus sign at the far left of a
highlighted row). To open up a level in the Selected Facilities List, either double-click on the
desired entry, or click on the entry once to highlight it, then click on the plus sign at the far left
of the row. Clicking on a plus sign will not work if the entry is not highlighted first. If you
double-click on a facility in the list, you will see two entries below that facility: 'Submissions'
and 'Full Facility Record.' Double-click on the 'Full Facility Record' to get a complete listing
of all the information contained in the model about that particular facility.
If you double-click on 'Submissions,' you will get a full listing of all of the facility's TRI
submissions. Those submissions that are included in your selected set will be highlighted in
green. The default sort order for these releases is by DCN (the Document Control Number
assigned by TRI), but, like the facility list, you can double-click on any column's header to sort
by that column. For each submission, this list displays DCN, the year of the submission, the
chemical name, its use and Max Onsite codes (see On-site Chemical Information in Chapter
10 for explanations of codes), the total pounds released, and the inhalation and oral toxicity
weight for the chemical. If you double-click on a submission that has a nonzero entry for 'Total
Pounds,' an entry titled 'Releases' will appear. Double-click on that entry, and 'Media Text'
will appear. Double-click on any of the 'Media Text' entries that appears, and the screen will
display an entry called 'Scores.' Double-click on that, and the 'Scores' screen will display the
total pounds, total score, population affected and the score category text. If the score is zero,
the score category text will inform you of the reason the release could not be modeled.
To return to a previous level, simply click on the minus sign to the left of each entry, and the
entry will be hidden. Either double-click on the entry, or click on the plus sign to show it again.
If you find a certain facility that you would like more information on and you wish to make a
new selection including that specific facility, you can copy the TRI ID in order to paste it into
the selection statement. Simply highlight the row in the Selected Facilities List containing the
desired TRI ID, and right-click on it. Nothing will noticeably change in the display. But you
can then press Control-C, which will copy the TRI ID to the Windows clipboard. Once the TRI
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ID is on the clipboard, you can paste it anywhere, including the Select Elements... screen, or
even other programs like Excel, WordPerfect, etc.
Changing the Grouping
The default organization is to list facilities singly. However, if you want to group them, for
instance by state, you can. Just click on the column header that you want to group by, such as
' State,' and drag it up to the darker gray bar at the top of the screen and drop it there. Then the
list will show an entry for each state in your selection. If you double-click on a state, the list
will expand to show all the facilities in that state. The rest of the list works as described above.
You can also group on more than one column variable. For instance, you may want to group
first on state, then on city. Click and drag 'State' first, then 'City' and the model will show
them linked in the gray bar at the top of the screen. The collapsed list will show all states in
your selection. If you click on a state, a list of all cities in that state in your selection will be
displayed. Then if you click on a city, a list of all the facilities in that state will be displayed.
5,793 facilities selected
123,452 releases selected
312,038 elements selected
Start
Selected Facilities Browser
Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
St... ZipCode Latitude Longitude I Score 2005
Show feature outline
Current theme: Concentration-) 2002 release of 2.065 pounds
of Diazinon by ALACO LAWN PRODUCTS
Currentvalue: 2.427E-05
Range: 7.6883E-06 - 7.6322E-01
Mean: 5 53G8E-04
Sum: 5.6481
Std Dev: 1.0077E-02
7.688E-06
7.688E-06-2.276E-05
2.276E-05-3.360E-05
3.360E-05-4632E-05
4.632E-05-6.075E-05
6.075E-05-8.238E-05
8.298E-05-1.212E-04
Memorv: 22,656kb
The List of Selected Facilities, Grouped by State and City
To return to the default grouping, simply click and drag the column headers from the gray bar
at the top of the screen back to their original position.
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
Using Map Functions
The map is shown in the bottom left of the Selected Facilities Browser. The buttons you can
use to navigate and modify the map are in the bottom right. The Map works with the list of
selected facilities at the top of the screen- the facility that is highlighted in that list will
determine what some of the map features display. However, some of the map features work
from the entire selected set. All TRI reporting facilities are shown as purple circles on the map.
As described below, you can select an option to make facilities in your selected set appear
larger and darker purple. Off-site facilities are shown as yellow squares.
Finding a Location (Position) L±J
The default view of the map is the continental U.S. view. Alaska and Hawaii are not shown in
the initial map but are available in other views (see below for details). The information to the
right of the Map View screen describes the current map. You can click on any part of the map
with the mouse.
When the Position button is highlighted the following information is displayed:
• Latitude and Longitude refer to the last point where the cursor was placed on the map
(latitude and longitude will change as the cursor is moved);
• North-South and East-West express the kilometers that can be viewed along each axis in
the current map;
• Area shows the square kilometers shown on the current map;
• Altitude reflects the zoom level of the current map, and is approximately the kilometers that
can be viewed in the width of the screen;
• Information shows, in the bottom right-hand window, a list of geographic and demographic
facts about the area on the map that you have clicked on. Facts include the FIPS code of the
state and county, and the name of the facility if a triangle was clicked on.
Changing the Zoom ISJ By Ell
Three zoom icons are available for selecting a position on the map. The Zoom-in icon will
zoom in on the center of the current map.
To zoom in, either click the zoom-in icon, or draw a box with the cursor
around the area you want to zoom in on, while holding down the right
mouse button.
The Zoom-in icon also allows you to select a specific state by clicking on the arrow to the right
of the icon and then the desired state. The Zoom-out icon zooms out from the current map.
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
Click on the U.S. map icon to zoom back to the full continental U.S. view. You can also zoom
into a particular area by drawing the diagonal of a square with the cursor while holding down
the right mouse button.
You can move the map by left-clicking on the map and dragging the cursor in the direction that
you want the map to move. There will be a slight time delay as the map adjusts itself. In this
way you can move the map to view Alaska, Hawaii and the territories.
Retrieving Information
To retrieve geographic information about a point on the map, click the Identify icon then click
on any point on the map. In the Information box geographic and demographic data for the
selected point will be displayed. Displayed data include locational information like latitude and
longitude, state, county, and nearby geographic features; population data from the U.S. Census
Bureau (at the grid-cell level); and data on nearby TRI reporting facilities. (See the tables of
variable descriptions in Chapter 5 for an explanation of the information displayed here.)
Highlighting Selected Facilities
When you open the Selected Facilities Browser, the map will only show the facilities in your
selected set. On-site facilities will be shown as purple circles. Off-site facilities will be shown
as yellow squares. If you click on the 'Toggle highlight of selected facilities,' the remaining
facilities not in your selected set will also be shown. Nonselected onsite facilities will be
shown as light purple circles. Nonselected offsite facilities will be shown as white squares.
Showing Facility Names
Click on the Show/Hide Facility Names icon to display the names of all facilities (not just
those in your selected set). If your map is zoomed out too far, the names will appear printed
over each other and will be illegible. This function is only useful when you are zoomed in to a
handful of facilities. If you want to perform a selection on the facilities you currently see
displayed, see the next section below. To remove the facility names, simply click on the button
again.
Selecting a New Set of Facilities by Geographic Location BI
Clicking on the Select all facilities in current view icon will select all of the TRI facilities that
are currently showing on the map screen. The model will ask if you would like to add more
conditions to your selection; if you would like to limit the selection by other variables such as
year, or chemical, click 'Yes.' The Select elements... screen will appear where you can modify
the selection as desired (the first two statements added by the model are based on latitude and
longitude) and select the displayed facilities. Otherwise click 'No.' When the set of selected
facilities is displayed in the Selected Facilities Browser, the map as you modified it before
your selection will still be displayed, so you can simultaneously see your facilities on the map
and then the facilities and their associated releases and scores in the window above.
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
Displaying the Map Legend [Ml
For help with any of the symbols used on the map, click on the Display Legend icon at the far
right of the row of icons. This will display a pop-up window with short descriptions of each of
the symbols used to represent physical and political entities, such as roads, streams, and
boundary lines for states, counties and tribal lands. To hide the window once it is displayed,
either click on the small 'x' in the upper right corner of the window, or simply click on
anything else on the screen outside the window. The window can also be moved anywhere else
on the screen by clicking and dragging the top title bar.
Displaying Facility Information
Some of the features on the Map screen work in conjunction with the list of selected facilities
shown at the top of the screen. The sections below first describe the icons at the top of the
right-hand screen, then the Cells button, which displays cell-specific population and
concentration data.
Latitude: 31.34.11.
Longitude: 98.24.36.04W
North-South: 65.45 km
East-West 113.56 km
Area: 7,432 sq km
Altitude: 8,928.0 (internal units)
Information
Icons
vlap Info:
East-West length: 5229.1 km
North-South length: 3056.4 km ^
Area: 15,982,397 sg km
i'ou clicked on:
Latitude: 31.41.OB.03N
Longitude: 99.00.11.05W
Facilities-KOHLER CO
FacilitylD=76804KHLRCMILAM
.Map
Information
Icons and Map Information
Locating the Selected Facility
First click on a facility in the selected facilities list at the top of the screen, so it is highlighted.
You can also highlight a particular submission or full facility record for a facility. Then click
on the binoculars icon. The model will zoom in using concentric circles to show you where the
facility is located. If you like, you can then click the zoom in icon to zoom in to more detail.
Additional information about a facility can be displayed by clicking on the small arrow to the
right of the binoculars icon. A drop down menu with four buttons will appear. 'Stream Path'
shows the modeled receiving stream. If there are no water releases, the model will alert you
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
that, 'Facility has no receiving stream defined.' If you click on the 'Receiving facility' option,
the model will show you where the offsite facility (if any) that receives waste from your
highlighted selection is located. However, because a facility can send waste to more than one
receiving facility, you must first highlight a specific release. If you do not, the model will
prompt you to select one. If there is an offsite facility, you can also click on Stream Path for
Receiving Facility to see the nearest stream to that offsite facility. To clear either stream path,
click clear reach path.
l+m- I
Displaying Populations and Chemical Concentrations ELI
The last button in the row of icons also works in conjunction with the list of selected facilities
at the top of the screen. Using this button, you can display the population density and the
concentration of air releases for a 50-km square around facilities in the selected set. Select a
facility in the selected facilities list at the top of the screen, so it is highlighted. You can also
highlight a particular submission or full facility record for a facility. Then click on the grid
icon. The map will show a grid around your selected facility with gradations in color indicating
different population densities. If you click on a transfer to an offsite facility in the facilities list,
you can click on the arrow to the right of the grid icon, and then click on Population around
receiving facility in the drop-down menu. This will create the same kind of grid, but with the
offsite facility at the center. Note that the first option in the drop-down menu, Population, is
the same as clicking on the grid icon itself.
Graph of Population Around Selected
Facility
To model concentrations of fugitive and stack air releases around your selected facility, you
must first select the release to be modeled. First double click on your selected facility, and then
double click on Submissions. This will display all of the chemicals released for your selected
facility for all years. You can select any air release shown on the Selected Facilities List,
whether it is highlighted green or not. The chemical releases that are included in your selected
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
set are highlighted in green. Double-click on the chemical you would like to see the
concentration for, click on Releases, and then select a stack or fugitive air release.
Next, click on the 'Concentration' option in the drop-down menu from the grid button. This
will model the air concentrations of the chemical release for all of the grid cells that have
nonzero values. The RSEI model only calculates concentrations out to 50 km, so that is the
maximum size of the plume that will be displayed. The window to the right of the map will
display the facility name, the year of the release, and the total pounds of the release(s) being
modeled. The window will also display the range, mean, sum and standard deviation of the cell
concentrations in black. Note that the colors used in the map are the ones selected through the
Change Theme button explained below. The default is green to blue, but you can customize it
to any color you would like. The number and type of class breaks, however, is fixed and cannot
be changed.
Graph of Air Concentrations
Around Selected Facility
You can also model population-weighted concentrations for your selected release by clicking
on the 'Pop Weighted Cone' option in the drop-down menu. This is equivalent to Pop*Conc- it
does not include toxicity calculations. Note that this option is concentration multiplied by total
population; subpopulation information is not available in this option. You can model
subpopulations using the Cells button, as described below. To clear the mapped cells, click the
Change Theme button, and select 'None' in the box next to 'Value.' Click OK and the map
will clear.
When graphing population or concentrations, you can click on the Show
feature outline option to see the outlines of the grid cells.
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
Cells Button
The RSEI model contains detailed demographic data at the cell level (a 1-km by 1-km grid cell
is the unit of analysis used in the model). In the Cells screen, you can graphically display
demographic data and aggregate air release concentrations. You can even create and display
custom variables based on the data in the model using the Change Theme button. A variable's
range of values will be displayed on the map in graduated color, allowing you to see
differences in population density or level of chemical concentration.
Graphed Air Concentrations Using the Change Themes Button
To select a new Theme click the Change Themes button. If you are not zoomed in on a small
enough area, the model will give you a message. Either click the zoom in button to zoom in on
the center of your currently displayed map, or draw a box with the cursor while holding down
the right mouse button to zoom in on that area. The Select Theme... screen will appear. In the
'Type' box, you can select either 'Population' or 'Concentration.'
There are important differences to note between the grid icon function
and the Cells button. First, the grid icon graphs the population or air
release concentration around the facility that is highlighted in the
Selected Facilities List, while the Cells button graphs whatever area is
showing on the map when the Cells button is clicked. Second, when
graphing air concentrations, the grid icon function graphs only the air
release selected in the Selected Facilities List (or the first air release
listed for the selected facility, if no specific release is highlighted). The
Cells button graphs the sum of all of the air releases in the selected set
(only those releases highlighted in green in the Selected Facilities List)
that impact the area shown on the map.
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
If you select 'Population,' you can then graph gradations in total population or various
population subgroups by selecting the appropriate entry in the 'Value' field. If you select a
subgroup, you can then graph that subgroup as a percentage of the total population in each cell
by clicking on the box below the 'Value' field. If you leave that box unchecked, the total
number of people will be graphed. You can also select the year of the demographic data; the
default is 2005.
If you select 'Concentration' in the 'Type' field, then in the 'Value' field you can select how
the releases are displayed. 'Overlapping plume count' is a count of the number of releases
(plumes) that are impacting each cell shown in the current display. Note that this is a count of
releases, not the concentrations resulting from these overlapping releases. Tox weighted cone,
is the chemical concentration times the chemical's toxicity weight. The Tox*Pop*Conc
subpopulation variables show the product of the chemical's concentration, its toxicity weight,
and the specified subpopulation in each cell.
The model will only graph the concentrations that are included in your set of selected releases.
For instance, if you selected all releases in Georgia in 2000, and then try to graph
concentrations in New York, the model will not create a graph. Similarly, you must select a
year that is included in your set.
You can accept the default class breaks, or you can select how you want the data gradations
displayed by breaking the range of possible values into classes. In the 'Number of Classes'
box, select how many classes you want your data broken down into. The higher number of
classes you select, the more detailed gradations in color you will see on the map. However, if
your data has a small range and you select a high number of classes, you may end up with
several classes that start and end with the same value (depending on what kind of class break
you select, see below). It may be necessary to try several different combinations of class
number and class break type to create the desired graph.
'Class Break Type' determines the method used by the model to break the variable's range into
classes. The following options are available:
• Range. This method takes the range of the values, and, using the number of class breaks you
selected, splits the range so that all intervals are of equal size.
• Percentile. This method takes the range of the values, and, using the number of class breaks
you selected, splits the range into intervals so that the number of cells falling into each
interval is equal.
• Standard Deviation. This method shows you how much a cell's value differs from the
mean. The model finds the mean of all cells, then, using the number of class breaks you
selected, sets the intervals at either one or some fraction of a standard deviation until all the
data are included in a class.
The three buttons at the bottom of the Select Theme screen determine the colors used in the
map display. The model automatically displays gradations of color between the 'Start' color
and the 'End' color. The default color scheme is blue to green; however, you can change the
two colors as desired.
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CHAPTER 7: Displaying Selected Facilities - The Selected Facilities Browser
After all of the options are selected, click OK, and the model will graphically display the
variable on the map. Note that graphing air concentrations can take a considerable amount of
time (up to ten minutes) because the model actually runs the air modeling program each time.
To the right of the map, the model will display the current theme and the range, mean, sum,
and standard deviation of the variable you selected for the geographic area shown on the map.
The units for graphing population are the number of people per 1 km2 grid cell. The units for
concentration are |ig/m3.
In the box under those statistics, the model will show the class breaks, and the colors used to
display them on the map. To select the members of any particular class, simply click on that
line in the box, and all of members of that class will be highlighted in yellow on the map. You
can only highlight one class at a time - the model will deselect the previously highlighted class
if another one is clicked on in the window.
If you wish to change any of the options you have chosen, simply click on the Change Themes
button again and modify the desired options.
To clear any graphing from the map (whether graphed using the grid
icon or the Cells button, you can click on the Cells button, then click on
the Change Themes button. Select 'None' from the 'Value' dialog box.
The map will clear all graphed values.
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CHAPTER 8: Snapshots of Selected Releases - Summary and Thematic Maps
CHAPTER 8
Snapshots of Selected Releases - Summary and
Thematic Maps
The Summary and Thematic Maps buttons, found in the second row of menu buttons, provide quick
standard ways to look at the set of releases you selected using the Select button. The Summary
button lets you quickly see graphs of total score and pounds by year, and year by media, as well as
ranked lists of chemicals released and facilities. These options are frequently requested analyses, but
may not be exactly what you want. More customized functions can be found under the Custom
Tables button, as explained in Chapter 9.
The Summary Button
There are five options under the Summary button. Each is explained below.
Total by Year. This button brings up a
Preformatted graph that shows the
combined score and pounds for all
releases in the selected set. There are
two bars for each year in your
selection. The red bar on the left
displays the total score for the year
indicated underneath the bars.The total
score is shown in a yellow box above
the red bar, and is measured using the
scale on the left side of the graph. The
green bar on the right displays total
pounds for the year indicated. The total
score is shown in a yellow box above
the green bar, and is measured using
the scale on the right side of the graph.
If your selection only includes one
year, the graph will only show the two
bars.
Total By Year Graph
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CHAPTER 8: Snapshots of Selected Releases - Summary and Thematic Maps
• Year by Media. This button uses the
same color scheme and scales as Total
by Year. But in this case the horizontal
axis shows media instead of year. The
graph only shows one year at a time,
which can be changed in the ' Select
Year' box located above the graph.
Year by Media Graph
• Chemical Rank. This button shows all
of the chemicals in the set of selected
releases, ranked in order of highest
score (risk-related result) first. This
table only shows one year at a time,
which can be changed in the ' Select
Year' box at the top of the screen.
Chemical Rank Summary Table
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CHAPTER 8: Snapshots of Selected Releases - Summary and Thematic Maps
• Facility Rank. This button shows all of
the facilities in the selected set, ranked
in order of highest score (risk-related
result) first. This table only shows one
year at a time, which can be changed in
the 'Select Year' box at the top of the
screen.
Facility Rank Summary Table
• County Rank. This button shows all of
the facilities in the selected set, ranked
in order of highest score (risk-related
result) first. This table only shows one
year at a time, which can be changed in
the 'Select Year' box at the top of the
screen
County Rank Summary Table
The Thematic Maps Button
This button allows you to quickly see geographic differences for different themes. At the top of
the screen, you can select the year that you want to map, whether you would like to do it at the
state or county level, and the theme you would like to display. You can display the total score
for each county or state for that year, the score for population subgroups, the total pounds
released for each county or state, or the total number of releases, facilities or chemicals for
each county or state. When you select a theme, the model will automatically display it on the
map. You can zoom in to a specific area by drawing a box with the cursor while holding down
the right mouse button. You can zoom back out using the button above the map. You can pan
the map to see Alaska, Hawaii, or the territories by clicking and dragging the map. The legend
in the window on the lower left shows the range of values and their corresponding colors. The
text above it displays the range, mean, sum, and standard deviation for the national distribution.
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CHAPTER 8: Snapshots of Selected Releases - Summary and Thematic Maps
Adjacent to the theme selection, you can see the value for your selected theme wherever you
currently have the cursor placed. If you click on the 'Show feature outlines' option, the map
will display the state or county boundaries in black, to clearly outline states and counties.
28,572 facilities selected
1,056,009 releases selected
1,244,595 elements selected
Start Selected Facilities Browser Summary Thematic Maps
CustomTables
SelectYear: 12005
<*" State f~ County Zoom out | [^ IShow feature outlines]
Theme: Score
Value: 50,152
Range: 273.2-3,838,738
Mean: 503,758
Sum: 25,691,641
Std Dev: 830,656
No data: | ~|
(Value of-93.00 displayed.)
273.2
273.2-9,793
9,793-40,529
40,529-84261
81,261-124,632
124,632-189,909
189,909-284,227
284.227-366753
386,753-469,813
469,813-3,838,738
Memory: 39,0* kb
Thematic Map, Showing Score by State for 2005
The model may take a few minutes to load the Thematic Map. The map will use whatever
color scheme you have selected in the Change Theme dialog box (in the Selected Facilities
Browser). The number and type of class breaks are fixed and cannot be changed.
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
CHAPTER 9
Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
The Custom Tables button allows for the display of information in many different ways. Like
the Selected Facilities Browser, custom tables work from the data set selected using the Select
button.
You can construct a table using any variables in the model (including variables that were not
used in your selection), change the rows and columns, examine different statistics, sort the
data, and cut the data in many different ways.
Creating a New Table
Click New Table to create a new table based on your selected data. This will bring up the
Select Dimensions dialog. Here you can select the variables that will be displayed in your new
table. The variable names are in the format Category.Variable. There are five categories:
Chemical, Facility, Submission, Release, and Element. Each variable is associated with a
category. For instance, Chemical.CAS Number refers to the CAS number variable, which is
in the Chemical category. Check the boxes next to the variable name to include the variable in
your crosstab table. There is no firm upper limit on how many variables you can select. It
depends on how many values each variable can show, and how much data will be displayed on
the screen. If your table is too large or too complicated to be displayed you will see a 'list
index out of bounds' error, and the model will not display the table. However, the table is often
completed, and can be found in the C:\Program Files\RSEI\User directory, as a Paradox table
with .db extension.
Enter a name for your table in the box at the bottom of the screen. Note that file names cannot
include any of the following characters: forward slash (/), backslash (\), greater-than sign (>),
less-than sign (<), asterisk (*), question mark (?), quotation mark ("), pipe symbol (|), colon (:),
or semicolon (;). If you attempt to enter any of these characters, the model will not accept it. If
this is not your first table, the name must be different than the previous table; the model will
not overwrite what is currently showing. The table will be saved to the C:\Program FilesVRSEI
\User directory as a Paradox table with a .db extension.
The model will make the first variable selected the column variable, and the rest will be row
variables; however, you can change the order once the table is displayed (see Modifying the
Table View). Hit Run!, and the table will be displayed in the window. Depending on how big
your selected data set is and how complicated the table you requested is, it may take anywhere
from 30 seconds to 30 minutes to display the table.
The new table is saved so that it can be loaded for future use. You can click the New Table
button again to make a different table (using the same set of selected facilities). The row and
column options you selected previously will still be checked, so be sure to deselect them if you
do not want them included in your next table. The name of the table currently showing appears
to the right of the third row of menu buttons.
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Ste
nil
N
N
pf
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Idle
Select | Export ] Print j Help
rt Selected Facilities Browser Summary
by?
on-EmpV Cells: "
on-Zero Cells: 12
able Graph
Value
•BHJI
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1 Data
J Close |
Thematic Maps || CustomTabl
iNew Table i LoadTable Filter Options
0 Value
3S
Se ected [Risk-related Results ^J
Sorted Table
HHBBBI
•nggn CT
1 Fugitive Air 152,999
3.023
2 Stack Air
•'Sanf
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
Sin
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
'.8b*
1 Fugitive Air
2 Stack Air
Sum
1 Fugitive Air
50,822
1.001
203,821
1.027
182,236
3601
127,101
2.511
309,336
6.112
1,537,521
30.38
58,130
1.149
1,595,651
31.53
117,681
2.325
42,312
0.8361
159,992
3.161
110,212
MA
123,005
2431
82,530
1.631
205,535
4061
63.931
1.263
119,751
2.366
183,681
3.629
48,409
0.9566
51,204
1.012
99,613
1.968
55,650
1.100
60,706
1.200
116,355
2.299
47,614
ME
20,450
0.4041
15,558
0.3074
36,008
07115
17.349
03428
11,336
0.2240
28,685
0.5668
19,218
0.3797
10,572
0.2089
29,790
0.5886
14,031
0.2772
8,138
0.1608
22,169
0.4381
12.614
NH
51,060
1 009
10,273
0.2030
61,334
1 212
119,708
2365
8,053
0.1591
127,762
2.525
50,803
1.004
20,920
0.4134
71,723
1.417
10,207
0.2017
12,940
0.2557
23,148
0.4574
8,177
1,473 facilities selected
35,319 releases selected
35,31 9 elements selected
1 996-2005 EPA Region 1 State by Media by Year
Rl
20,777
0.4105
3,902
0.0771
24,678
0.4876
5.215
0.1030
3,387
0.0669
8,602
0.1700
5,526
0.1092
3,144
0.0621
8,670
0.1713
5,740
0.1134
2,752
0.0544
8,492
01678
5.389
1 1
VT
41.96
8291E-04
B02.1
0.0158
844.1
0.0167
53.10
00010
197.6
0.0039
250.7
0.0050
74.63
0.0015
1493
0.0030
223.9
0.0044
72.74
0.0014
70.82
0.0014
143.6
0.0028
66.25
**»
368,332
7.278
163,887
3.238
532,219
1052
388.492
7.676
269,825
5.332
658,31 7
13.01
1,661,552
32.83
144,119
2.848
1,805,672
35.68
203,382
4.019
126,918
2.508
330,300
6.527
184,073
d
d
Memory: 7,296 kb
Custom Crosstab Table
Note that when your new table is displayed, it may show only one row variable and one
column variable. Any additional row and column variables that you have selected may be
hidden. Click on the small yellow plus sign on the right side of the row variable to show the
additional variables. The table is fully expanded when the last row or column does not show a
small yellow plus sign on its right edge. It will be faster to re-display your table if you leave
the row and column variables hidden when not viewing them. The values in black in the table
represent the value as shown in the Value Selected box. For instance, if the box displays Risk-
related, the value in black in each cell is the risk-related score. The value in red beneath it is
the Total Percent, that is, the percent of the total value of the table for that summary that is
contributed by that cell. You can remove the Total Percent display or add additional
percentage displays by using the Options button.
Loading a Table
Every new table that you create and name is saved to your hard drive, in the C:\Program Files
\RSEI\User directory. To load any table you have previously created, simply click on the Load
Version 2.1.5
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Table button, and select the desired table. Note that loading a table will only change the data in
the Custom Table functions (New Table, Graph and Sorted Table functions). The last
underlying set that you selected using the Select button will still be the active set for all the
other functions. To see the set that was used in the generation of the table that is presently
loaded, click on the table name, and you will see a window with the selection statements used
for that set. Remember, if you want to see the selection being used for all of the other
functions, you can click on the text displaying the number of selected facilities, releases, and
elements in the upper right corner of your screen to see the selection statements for that set.
Once you have loaded the table, you can modify it as you would any new table you create.
Modifying the Table View
To switch the rows and columns, simply click and drag one row or column heading over the
heading of the row or column heading you would like to switch with it. Hold down the mouse
button until a double arrow sign appears over the heading . Then release the mouse button and
drop the heading. To move columns or rows, click on the heading of the row or column you
want to move, and drag it next to the row or column heading where you would like to add it,
until you see two arrows pointing at each other. Then release the mouse button. Note that you
can only move variables that are open and showing. However, it will increase the speed of
moving rows and columns if you collapse any variables that are not being moved.
To switch a row variable with a column variable (or vice versa) click
and drag the heading of one variable and drop it on top of the other
heading. To move one variable, click and drag the heading and drop it
next to another heading.
Version 2.1.5 119 1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Select | E
Start Selected
FiTbyT
Non-Empty Cells: 6
Non-Zero Cells: 60
| Table Graph
Value H
Pet •
R^^^H
1996 "^
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2001
2005
Idle
^-— — —"""Drop h«
MA
205,535
1.061
183,681
mi^k3^
Cl|c^3$fl
1.368
116,355
2.299
110,516
2.777
98,657
1.919
80,155
1.581
93,311
1,811
301,838
5.961
83,206
1.611
1,102,900
27.72
ME
36,008
0.7115
28,685
H Hr^W¥ft
3 drag^fl
0.5886
22,169
0.1381
27,088
0.5352
28,127
0.5558
21,081
0.1165
20,685
0.1087
19,336
0.3939
13,660
0.2699
217,228
1.885
Its
5 re to sw
3 here to
NH
61,331
1.212
127,762
ic ha^W£
is hea$§
1.117
23.118
0.1571
21,091
0.1168
26,580
0.5252
17,986
0,3551
16,559
0,3272
15,198
0.3062
11,728
0,2317
393,111
7.771
d
itch rows
move ro
Rl
21,678
0.1876
8,602
0.1700
' 8,670
0.1713
8.192
0.1678
9,680
0.1913
7,912
0.1569
29,593
0.5818
10,373
0.2050
6,187
0.1223
1,183
0.0826
118.399
2.310
1.173 facilities selected
35.319 releases selected
35.31 9 elements selected
1 996-2005 EPA Region 1 State by Media by Year
for columns
w and make into ;i new column
VT
811.1
0.0167
250.7
0.0050
223.9
0.0011
113.6
0.0028
131.5
00027
131.2
0.0027
287.1
0.0057
293.1
0.0058
277.3
0.0055
270.3
0.0053
2,859
0,0565
I
SUM
532,219
10.52
658,317
13.01
1.805,672
35.68
330.300
6.527
131,681
8.530
260,812
5.151
221,170
1.135
233,012
1.601
112.967
8.160
171,320
3.385
5,060,799
100.0
>>e"lor\ 7 296 kfa
Changing Rows and Columns
To collapse rows or columns, click on the yellow circle with a minus sign immediately to the
left of the row you want to collapse, or immediately above the column you want to collapse.
Clicking on a minus sign collapses every row or column after it (i.e., closer to the middle of the
table). If, for instance, you have three row variables, and you click on the leftmost minus sign
(to the left of the first variable name), you will collapse all of the rows, and table will show
only the totals for each column variable. If you click on the minus sign to the right of the first
row variable name, you will collapse the second and third row variables.
When a row or column is hidden, the minus sign will change to a plus sign; click on the plus
sign to restore the row or column. If a following row or column was collapsed when the
preceding row or column was collapsed, the following column will remain that way when the
preceding one is restored. Click on the following row or column's plus sign to restore that one
as well.
Version 2.1.5
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Sta
i'Ti
IN
|N
pr
C
Me
Select | E
rt Selected
"by"?
on-EmpV Cells: 6
on-Zero Cells: 60
able Graph
Value Pj
i|P
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2001
2005
^^^ffl^^^
"lap^
23.118
0.1571
21,091
0.1168
26,580
0.5252
17,986
0.3551
16.559
0.3272
15,198
0.3062
11,728
0.2317
393,111
7.771
J R'
d rows
21,678
0.1876
8,602
0.1700
3WS ^,70
8,192
0.1678
9,680
0.1913
7,912
0.1569
29,593
0,5818
10.373
0.2050
6,187
0.1223
1.183
0.0826
118.399
2.310
1,173 facilities selected
35,31 9 releases selected
35,31 9 elements selected
1996-2005 EPARegion 1 State by Media byYear
VT
811.1
00167
250.7
0.0050
223.9
00011
113.6
0.0028
131.5
0.0027
131.2
0.0027
287.1
0.0057
293.1
0.0058
277.3
0.0055
270.3
0.0053
2,859
0,0565
i
Sum
532,219
10.52
658,317
13.01
1.805,672
35.68
330,300
6.527
131,681
8.530
260,812
5.151
221,170
1.135
233,012
4604
112,967
8.160
171,320
3.385
5,060,799
100.0
Memory: 7,296kb
Collapsing and Expanding Rows
Any column can be resized by using the mouse to move to the right-hand border of the heading
of the column you wish to size, until the arrow becomes a double line with two arrows. You
can then move the mouse to the right to make the column wider or move the mouse to the left
to make the column narrower. The row heights can be resized in a similar way. The row widths
cannot be resized.
Using the Filter
In addition to collapsing rows and columns, you can also control how your data are displayed
by using the Filter option. The Filter option allows you to select specific values for the
variables in your table. Once filtered, only the selected values will be displayed, allowing you
to focus on specific entries. For instance, if you create a table with state and media text as
variables, you can set the filter to show only states in EPA Region 1.
Click on the Filter button at the top of the Tables screen. This brings up the Set Filter dialog.
In the first window, select the variable you would like to filter by clicking on its name. This
will bring up a list of values in your table from which you can select filter parameters. Click on
the box next to any of the values that you would like to see displayed in the table, then click
Version 2.1.5
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Apply Filters. The Crosstab table will be shown, using only the values you selected for the
variables you modified. To remove the filter, click Filter again, then click Clear this filter,
then Apply Filters. Filters for multiple variables can be selected, at the same time, or in
succession. Simply click on each variable in the Set Filter dialog, and then select the values
you are interested in. You can clear one filter by highlighting the variable in the top window,
then clicking Clear this filter. Clear all filters by simply clicking Clear all filters.
The filters in effect at any time are shown at the bottom of the Set Filter dialog.
Value Selected
In this window you can select how you want to express the data in your table. You can choose
from pounds-based, hazard-based, or full risk-related results. Each option gives a different
perspective on the reported releases and transfers. Descriptions of these selections are:
Count of Elements. This number reflects the total number of individual Indicator Elements.
Count of Releases. This number reflects the total number of individual releases. The number
of releases for some media is slightly less than the number of elements, because some releases
(such as those to surface water) end up partitioned between two or more pathways (fish
ingestion and drinking water in the case of surface water).
Count of Facilities. This is the total number of facilities.
TRI Pounds. This number reflects the number of pounds released or transferred that are
reported to the Toxics Release Inventory for the exposure pathway being considered. [Note:
When 'Element.Category Code' or 'Element.Category Text' is used as column or row variable
in a custom table, the TRI Pounds shown for the direct water, POTW effluent, and fish
ingestion categories are modeled apportionments of the total pounds for a direct water release.
While these apportionments will sum to the correct total for a water release, the ratio of score
categories is only for modeling purposes.]
TRI Pounds with Toxicity Weights. This value shows only TRI pounds for the chemicals that
have toxicity weights. This value differs from Modeled Pounds because it includes those
chemicals which have toxicity weights regardless of whether they have physicochemical
properties.
Hazard. This value is TRI pounds multiplied by the toxicity weight of the chemical
appropriate for the exposure pathway selected. The inhalation toxicity weight is used for
releases or transfers to media 1 (fugitive air), media 2 (stack air), media 750 (off-site
incineration), and media 754 (off-site incineration- no fuel value). The oral toxicity weight is
used for releases and transfers to media 3 (direct water) and 6 (transfers to POTWs) (see
Chapter 10 for a list of modeled media). For releases that are not modeled (because the
pathway is not modeled or because other necessary data, such as physicochemical properties,
are lacking), the higher toxicity weight is used.
Modeled Pounds. This number reflects the number of pounds released or transferred (TRI
Pounds) that can be modeled. Reasons that releases may not be able to be modeled include lack
of physicochemical information required for exposure modeling or lack of toxicity weights
Version 2.1.5 122 1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Modeled Hazard. This value is modeled pounds multiplied by the toxicity weight of the
chemical appropriate for the exposure pathway selected. It does not measure how the chemical
moves through the environment and comes in contact with an individual. The inhalation
toxicity weight is used for releases or transfers to media 1 (fugitive air), media 2 (stack air),
media 750 (off-site incineration), and media 754 (off-site incineration- no fuel value). The oral
toxicity weight is used for releases and transfers to media 3 (direct water) and 6 (transfers to
POTWs) (see Chapter 10 for a list of modeled media).
Modeled Hazard*Pop. This value is the number of modeled pounds multiplied by the toxicity
weight of the chemical appropriate for the exposure pathway selected and by the population
potentially exposed. The inhalation toxicity weight is used for releases or transfers to media 1
(fugitive air), media 2 (stack air), media 750 (off-site incineration), and media 754 (off-site
incineration- no fuel value). The oral toxicity weight is used for releases and transfers to media
3 (direct water) and 6 (transfers to POTWs) (see Chapter 10 for a list of modeled media). Also
note that Modeled Hazard*Pop uses total population only, and is not available for
subpopulations.
Risk-related Results - Children Under 10. This value is the product of the surrogate dose
(estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the population under 10
years of age. The pounds used in this result differ from the pounds used for Modeled
Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value) because the fate and transport of the chemical
pounds have been modeled and exposure assumptions have been made.
Risk-related Results - Children 10 to 17. This value is the product of the surrogate dose
(estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the population from 10
to 17 (inclusive) years of age. The pounds used in this result differ from the pounds used for
Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value) because the fate and transport of the
chemical pounds have been modeled and exposure assumptions have been made. Also note
that Modeled Hazard*Pop uses total population only, and is not available for subpopulations.
Risk-related Results - Males 18 to 44. This value is the product of the surrogate dose
(estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the male population
from 18 to 44 (inclusive) years of age. The pounds used in this result differ from the pounds
used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value) because the fate and transport of
the chemical pounds have been modeled and exposure assumptions have been made. Also note
that Modeled Hazard*Pop uses total population only, and is not available for subpopulations.
Risk-related Results - Females 18 to 44. This value is the product of the surrogate dose
(estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the female population
from 18 to 44 (inclusive) years of age. The pounds used in this result differ from the pounds
used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value) because the fate and transport of
the chemical pounds have been modeled and exposure assumptions have been made.
Risk-related Results - Adults Over 65. This value is the product of the surrogate dose
(estimated using exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the population over 65
years of age. The pounds used in this result differ from the pounds used for Modeled
Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value) because the fate and transport of the chemical
pounds have been modeled and exposure assumptions have been made.
Version 2.1.5 123 1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Risk-related Results. This value is the product of the surrogate dose (estimated using
exposure models), the chemical's toxicity weight, and the population. The pounds used in this
result differ from the pounds used for Modeled Hazard*Pop (and may be a smaller value)
because the fate and transport of the chemical pounds have been modeled and exposure
assumptions have been made.
Examples of useful comparisons among the above results include:
1. TRI Pounds vs. TRI Pounds (with toxicity)
This comparison allows you to determine the proportion of total TRI Pounds released that are
associated with chemicals that have toxicity weights. This proportion may be somewhat
different than the overall proportion of TRI chemicals that have toxicity weights. For example,
50% of a given set of TRI chemicals may have toxicity weights. However, it is possible that
80% of the TRI Pounds released for the same set of chemicals may be associated with
chemicals that have toxicity weights.
2. TRI Pounds vs. Modeled Pounds
This comparison allows you to determine the proportion of chemical releases for which risk-
related impacts can be estimated using the Risk-related option.
3. Hazard vs. Modeled Hazard
This comparison shows you (a) the amount of toxicity-weighted releases associated with
chemicals that have toxicity weights versus (b) the amount of toxicity-weighted releases for
chemicals that have both toxicity weights and physicochemical data that are used to model
exposure. An important difference between this comparison and the comparison in example (2)
above is that this comparison addresses only those chemicals that have toxicity weights.
4. Modeled Hazard vs. Modeled Hazard * Pop
This comparison allows you to determine the extent to which total population contributes to the
result. However, no exposure modeling is considered in this crude approximation.
Within the model, you can only display one type of summary in a custom table at a time.
However, if you export the table to another format such as Microsoft Excel or Lotus 1-2-3, you
can work with all of the data at once. Simply click on the Export button at the top of the screen
(see below for details on exporting).
Options
These selections allow you to modify how values are expressed in the table.
Normalization
For any of the summaries selected except TRI Pounds, you can choose to normalize the RSEI
results. Click Options, then 'Normalization,' then 'National.' The value shown in each cell is
that cell's portion of the national value for that year, divided by the total value for 1988 and
multiplied by 100,000. In this way, each national summary (i.e., Risk-related, Modeled
Version 2.1.5 124 1996-2005 TRI Data
September 2007
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
Hazard) for 1988 is 100,000, and any other selection is displayed as a percentage of that.
Cell Display
This option will display additional values in your table (underneath each current cell value)
that shows how that cell's value contributes to different portions of the aggregate table value.
The default display includes the first three options listed below, Total Percent, Column
Percent, and Row Percent. To turn them off, simply click on each one to remove the check
mark. Clicking on them again will turn them back on. The box in the upper left corner of the
table shows the color of each cell display option.
Total Percent. The percent contribution of the current cell to the total table sum. For instance,
if the 'Risk-related' summary is selected, a cell's total percent value (shown in red) would be
that cell's risk-related score divided by the sum of all cells. The sum of all the cells in the table
is shown in the bottom right corner in black.
Row Percent. The percent contribution of the current cell to the total row sum. If the Risk-
related summary is selected, a cell's row percent value (shown in green) would be that cell's
risk-related score divided by the sum of all cells in that row, as shown in far right cell in that
row in black.
Column Percent. The percent contribution of the current cell to the total column sum. If the
Risk-related summary is selected, a cell's total percent value (shown in blue) would be that
cells risk-related score divided by the sum of all cells in the column, as shown in the bottom
cell in the column in black.
Percentile. The percentile that the cell's value falls into, when all of the cell values in the table
are taken into account.
Rank. The cell's rank, from highest (1) to lowest, of all of the cell values in the table.
Graph
The Graph function allows you to quickly create a pre-formatted graph based on the current
Custom Table. The Graph works from your current display, not from the underlying table, so
if columns or rows are collapsed, they will not be included. Also, if you have used the filter to
select certain values of your variables, the excluded variables will not be shown on the graph.
Whatever summary statistic (TRI pounds, Risk-related, etc.) is showing will be used. You can
go back and forth between the two screens. Anything you change in the Custom Table will
automatically be updated and displayed in the Graph.
Version 2.1.5 125 1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
SZ RSQ Version Z.L5
1,473 facilities selected
35,319 releases selected
35,319 elements selected
Start Selected Facilities Browser [ Summary Thematic Maps CustomTables
11 by?
Non-Empty Cells: 60
Non-Zero Cells: 60
New Table Load Table
Filter
Options
1996-2005 EPA Region 1 State by Media by Year
Value Selected [Risk-related Results
Table j Graph Sorted Table
[Edit Titlei] Edit Footnote Set Title/Footnote size 18Jj
:CC5 EPi Regfsn 1 State by Media fc
ISelectmRisl-relates Results
Memory: 7,296kfa
Custom Graph
If your table is very large or contains many variables, the model will attempt to graph it, but the
graph may not legible. If this is the case, simply collapse rows and/or columns, or use the
Filter option to reduce the number of values that need to be displayed on the graph.
If you choose to print your graph (using the Print button at the top of the screen), you can add
a title for it by clicking on the Edit Title button above the graph, and typing in the desired text.
The footnote that will be printed on your Graph is shown in blue below the graph. The default
footnote shows the RSEI model version number, the file name of your table, and the model
selection (summary) that is being graphed. You can change this footnote by clicking the Edit
Footnote button above the graph, and typing in the desired text.
You can also change the font size for both the title and the footnote in the box above the graph.
Sorted Tables
The Sorted Table option allows you to display your table in the form of a sorted list. Like the
Graph function, the Sorted Table works from whatever you have displayed on the Custom
Table at the time. Each table cell showing is given one entry in the list, which is sorted in
Version 2.1.5
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1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
descending order. The value for that statistic (i.e., if it is TRI Pounds it would be the total
number of pounds in that cell) is shown in the 'Value' column, and then that cell's percent of
the total is shown in the 'Percent' column. The cumulative values and percents are presented in
the next two columns.
_LRSEI Version 2-1-5
Select 1 Export | Print
Start Selected Facilities Browser
11 by 7 New Table
Non-Zero Cells: 80 Value Se e
j Help | Data |
Summary Thematic Maps
Load Table Filter
cted [Risk-related Results
I "->lap!i°
$ vikl!ft;!;
-JJU.X]
1,173 facilities selected
Close 35,319 releases selected
35,31 9 elements selected
CustomTables
Qptjons 1996-2005 EPARegion 1 State by Media by Year
d
Table Graph Sorted Table
(Rank State Year Value Percent Cumulative Value Cumulative Percent
•BCT 1398 1,535,651.206 31.53 1,595,651.206
I 2 CT 1337 303,336.111 6.112 1,904987.317
3 MA 2001 301,837.671 5.964 2,206,821 988
4 CT 2000 233,133.981 4607 2,139,964969
5 MA 1396 205,534819 4061 2,615,199788
6 CT 1996 203,820.903 4027 2,819,320.691
7 MA 1997 183,681.103 3.629 3,033,002.091
8 CT 1999 159,992.305 3.161 3,192,991399
9 MA 2000 110,545.765 2.777 3,333,510.161
10 NH 1997 127,761.507 2.525 3,161,301.671
11 MA 1999 116,355.183 2.299 3,577,657153
12 MA 1998 99,613.216 1
968 3.677,270.399
13CT 2001 99,102.718 1.964 3,776,673.117
11 MA 2001 98,656.715 1
15 MA 2003 93,313.521 1
16 CT 2003 91,787.225 1
17 MA 2005 83,206.185 1
18 MA 2002 80,155.295 1
19 CT 2002 75,367.372 1
919 3,875,329.833
811 3,968,613.357
814 4060,130.582
611 4113,636.768
584 4223,792063
489 4299,159.131
20 NH 1998 71,723.119 1.117 4370,882.883
21 CT 2004 69,230.96 1
22 NH 1996 61,333.519 1
idle
368 4110,113811
21 2 4501,117363
31.53
37.612
13.606
18.213
52.271
56.302
59.931
63.093
65.87
68.391
70.694
72.662
74.626
76.575
78.419
80.233
81.877
83.461
8495
86.367
87.735
88917
Memory
*
—
d
: 7,296 ti
Custom Sorted Table
The Sorted Table is very useful when looking at large complicated tables. It shows very
quickly what cells are of most concern, and for how much of the total the top few entries are
responsible. If you have a table with several row variables, for instance, you can quickly zoom
in on the area of most concern by collapsing the table to one row and one column, and then
clicking Sorted Table to find which value of the first row or column variable is of most
concern. Then you can expand the table and look at a more detailed breakdown for that value.
Exporting Tables
Any table can be exported to a variety of formats, including Dbase, Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft
Excel, and text. Exporting can be very useful for a variety of reasons. One of the most common
uses is to be able to compare the different model summaries, as listed under Value Selected.
The advantage in using exported tables is that all of the summaries are visible at the same time,
Version 2.1.5
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127
1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 9: Analyzing Selected Releases - Custom Tables
so you can compare them, and make new calculations with them.
To export a table, click on the Export button. Select the file type. Depending on what type you
select, some options will be grayed out and some will be active. Select the options you would
like of the ones that are active. Name the file in the 'Export to file' box, and click the file icon
next to the name box to select a directory for your saved file. The C:\Program Files\RSEI\User
directory is a convenient place provided to store model output files. Click OK, and the file will
be saved in the C:\Program Files\RSEI\User directory.
D cs B s a ?' *
V-<*|
312 zJ ='
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
A 1 B
State
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
3T
CT
CT
CT
CT
14 ICT
15 ICT
16 ICT
17 ICT
is ICT
19 ICT
20 ICT
Year
1996
1996
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
2002
2002
2003
2003
2004
2004
at loo's Data ^do< tieo AdcDePOp
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928561 3998201
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MediaText
1 Fugitive
Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitive
Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitive
Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitive
Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitive
2 Stack ^
1 Fugitive
Air
jr
Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitive Air
1 Stack t
1 Fugitive
.ir
Air
2 Stack Air
1 Fugitive
Air
2 Stack Air
Count of Eli
541
484
466
437
514
517
481
465
480
553
484
582
466
542
415
494
360
440
H M I > ' H\1996-2005 EPA REGION 1 STATE BfJ
Count of Re
541
484
466
437
614
517
481
465
480
553
484
582
466
542
415
494
360
440
Count of Fa
221
194
200
180
198
191
191
177
189
191
200
216
184
201
172
195
161
186
G
TRI Pounds
2761276
4346192
2374667
3430896
1973569
4333912
1500687
3328148
650 38987906
H
:S3
^
I A .71
TRI Pounds with T
2692202
4055692
2335725
3
220365
1885729
4115292
1403307
3149701
550664 38984378
8561 3998201|749226 62989S69
394 75342846
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3392603 9079767
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141663940092619
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I979045 93620635
i46736 557
667299
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6243426 49
4953599 14
679138 674
841431669
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484463 314
643435 196
184062828
836014285
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Ready | 1 ' 1
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233006 1
321010 I
187711 1
409582 I
139072 1
313087 1
9 3898437 I
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33 907976 I
8 0007699 1
9 9009261 I
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( 6648235*
I |NUM| 1 i /,
Exported Custom Table
Note that file names cannot include any of the following characters: forward slash (/),
backslash (\), greater-than sign (>), less-than sign (<), asterisk (*), question mark (?), quotation
mark ("), pipe symbol (|), colon (:), or semicolon (;). If you attempt to enter any of these
characters, the model will not accept it. Note that all of the summaries are listed (not just the
summary shown on the screen when the table was exported). Unlike other custom table
functions, the table export does not change with what is shown on the screen at the time.
Printing Tables
Any table can also be printed. Simply click Print on the top menu, and the currently displaying
table will print to your installed default printer. Note that large complicated tables may not
print well directly from the program. If this is the case, it may be easier to first export the table
to a database or spreadsheet program where more formatting is possible, and then print it from
that program.
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
CHAPTER 10
Additional Information
The following sections present additional information that may help you in selecting the
releases you are interested in and interpreting your results.
Standard Industrial Classification Codes
The following table presents the 2-digit and 3-digit SIC codes and corresponding industries
that are required to report their releases to the Toxics Release Inventory. All facilities within 2-
digit SIC codes 20-39 are required to report, whereas only selected facilities within SIC codes
10, 12, 49, 51, and 73 are required to report.
SIC Code
10*
102
103
104
106
108
109
U.
m
,B
20
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
Industry
Metal Mining
Copper Ores
Lead and Zinc Ores
Gold and Silver Ores
Feroalloy Ores, except Vanadium
Metal Mining Services
Miscellaneous Metal Ores (limited to 4-digit code #1099)
Coal Mining
Bituminous Coal and Lignite Mining
Anthracite Mining
Food and Kindred Products
Meat Products
Dairy Products
Canned, Frozen, and Preserved Fruits, Vegetables, and Food Specialties
Grain Mill Products
Bakery Products
Sugar and Confectionery Products
Fats and Oils
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
208 Beverages
209 Miscellaneous Food Preparations and Kindred Products
21 Tobacco Products
211 Cigarettes
212 Cigars
213 Chewing and Smoking Tobacco and Snuff
214 Tobacco Stemming and Redrying
22 Textile Mill Products
221 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
222 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade Fiber and Silk
223 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool (Including Dyeing and Finishing)
Narrow Fabric and Other Smallwares Mills: Cotton, Wool, Silk, and Manmade
Fiber
225 Knitting Mills
226
227
228
Dyeing and Finishing Textiles, Except Wool Fabrics and Knit Goods
Carpets and Rugs
Yarn and Thread Mills
229
Miscellaneous Textile Goods
23
Apparel and Other Finished Products Made from Fabrics and Similar Materials
231
Men's and Boys' Suits, Coats, and Overcoats
232
Men's and Boys' Furnishings, Work Clothing, and Allied Garments
233
Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Outerwear
234
Women's, Misses', Children's, and Infants' Undergarments
235
Hats, Caps, and Millinery
236
Girls', Children's, and Infants' Outerwear
237
Fur Goods
238
Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessories
239
Miscellaneous Fabricated Textile Products
24
Lumber and Wood Products, Except Furniture
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
241 Logging
242 Sawmills and Planing Mills
243 Millwork, Veneer, Plywood, and Structural Wood Members
244 Wood Containers
245 Wood Buildings and Mobile Homes
249 Miscellaneous Wood Products
25 Furniture and Fixtures
251 Household Furniture
252 Office Furniture
253 Public Building and Related Furniture
254 Partitions, Shelving, Lockers, and Office and Store Fixtures
259 Miscellaneous Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products
261 Pulp Mills
262 Paper Mills
263 Paperboard Mills
265 Paperboard Containers and Boxes
267 Converted Paper and Paperboard Products, Except Containers and Boxes
27 Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries
271 Newspapers: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
272 Periodicals: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
273 Books
274 Miscellaneous Publishing
275 Commercial Printing
276 Manifold Business Forms
277 Greeting Cards
_____________________________
278 Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders, and Bookbinding and Related Work
279 Service Industries for the Printing Trade
28 Chemicals and Allied Products
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code
Industry
281
Industrial Inorganic Chemicals
282
Plastics Materials and Synthetic Resins, Synthetic Rubber, Cellulosic and Other
Manmade Fibers, Except Glass
283 Drugs
?o4 Soap, Detergents, and Cleaning Preparations; Perfumes, Cosmetics, and Other
Toilet Preparations
285 Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels, and Allied Products
286 Industrial Organic Chemicals
287 Agricultural Chemicals
289 Miscellaneous Chemical Products
29 Petroleum Refining and Related Industries
291 Petroleum Refining
295 Asphalt Paving and Roofing Materials
299 Miscellaneous Products of Petroleum and Coal
30 Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products
301 Tires and Inner Tubes
302 Rubber and Plastics Footwear
305 Gaskets, Packing, and Sealing Devices and Rubber and Plastics Hose and Belting
306 Fabricated Rubber Products, Not Elsewhere Classified
308 Miscellaneous Plastics Products
31 Leather and Leather Products
311 Leather Tanning and Finishing
313 Boot and Shoe Cut Stock and Findings
314 Footwear, Except Rubber
315 Leather Gloves and Mittens
316 Luggage
317 Handbags and Other Personal Leather Goods
319 Leather Goods, Not Elsewhere Classified
32 Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products
321 Flat Glass
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code Industry
322 Glass and Glassware, Pressed or Blown
323 Glass Products, Made of Purchased Glass
324 Cement, Hydraulic
325 Structural Clay Products
326 Pottery and Related Products
327 Concrete, Gypsum, and Plaster Products
328 Cut Stone and Stone Products
329 Abrasive, Asbestos, and Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Products
33 Primary Metal Industries
331 Steel Works, Blast Furnaces, and Rolling and Finishing Mills
332 Iron and Steel Foundries
333 Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals
334 Secondary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals
336 Nonferrous Foundries (Castings)
339 Miscellaneous Primary Metal Products
34 Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Transportation Equipment
341 Metal Cans and Shipping Containers
342 Cutlery, Handtools, and General Hardware
343 Heating Equipment, Except Electric and Warm Air; and Plumbing Fixtures
344 Fabricated Structural Metal Products
345 Screw Machine Products, and Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Rivets, and Washers
346 Metal Forgings and Stampings
j47 Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services
348 Ordnance and Accessories, Except Vehicles and Guided Missiles
349 Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Products
35 Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment
351 Engines and Turbines
352 Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment
353 Construction, Mining, and Materials Handling Machinery and Equipment
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code
354
355
356
357
Industry
Metalworking Machinery and Equipment
Special Industry Machinery, Except Metalworking Machinery
General Industrial Machinery and Equipment
Computer and Office Equipment
558
Refrigeration and Service Industry Machinery
559
Miscellaneous Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Equipment
Electronic and Other Electrical Equipment and Components, Except Computer
Equipment
361
Electric Transmission and Distribution Equipment
562
Electrical Industrial Apparatus
563
Household Appliances
j64 Electric Lighting and Wiring Equipment
j65 Household Audio and Video Equipment, and Audio Recordings
366 Communications Equipment
367 Electronic Components and Accessories
369 Miscellaneous Electrical Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies
37 Transportation Equipment
371 Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment
j72 Aircraft and Parts
373 Ship and Boat Building and Repairing
374 Railroad Equipment
375 | Motorcycles, Bicycles, and Parts
376 Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles and Parts
j79 Miscellaneous Transportation Equipment
Measuring, Analyzing, and Controlling Instruments; Photographic, Medical and
Optical Goods; Watches and Clocks
,01 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical Systems,
Instruments, and Equipment
582
Laboratory Apparatus and Analytical, Optical, Measuring, and Controlling
Instruments
384
Surgical, Medical, and Dental Instruments and Supplies
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
SIC Codes for TRI Facilities
SIC Code
385
386
387
39
391
393
394
395
396
399
49*
491
493
495
51*
516
517
73*
738
Industry
Ophthalmic Goods
Photographic Equipment and Supplies
Watches, Clocks, Clockwork Operated Devices, and Parts
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
Jewelry, Silverware, and Plated Ware
Musical Instruments
Dolls, Toys, Games and Sporting and Athletic Goods
Pens, Pencils, and Other Artists' Materials
Costume Jewelry, Costume Novelties, Buttons, and Miscellaneous
Except Precious Metal
Notions,
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services
Electric services (limited to: facilities that combust coal and/or oil
electricity for distribution in commerce)
Combination Electric and Gas, and Other Utility Services (limited
codes 493 1 and 4939, and facilities that combust coal and/or oil to
electricity for distribution in commerce)
to generate
to: 4-digit
generate
Sanitary Services (limited to 4-digit code 4953, and to commercial hazardous
waste treatment - facilities regulated under RCPvA Subtitle C, 42 U.S.C. Section
6921etseq.)
Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods
Chemicals and Allied Products (limited to 4-digit code 5169 - products that are
not elsewhere classified)
Petroleum and Petroleum Products (limited to 4-digit code 5171 ~
stations and terminals)
petroleum bulk
Business Services
Limited to 4-digit code 7389 ~ Business Services not elsewhere classified.
*A11 listed codes in these categories are new as of the 1998 reporting year, except for as noted in the table.
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
EPA Regions
Map of EPA Regions
Region 1 Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
and Vermont.
Region 2 New Jersey, New York and the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
Region 3 Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the
District of Columbia.
Region 4 Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Tennessee.
Region 5 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
Region 6 Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Region 7 Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska.
Region 8 Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming.
Region 9 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, and the territories of Guam,
Northern Mariania Islands, and American Samoa.
Region 10 Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
Media Information
The following table presents the environmental media release codes and descriptions of the
associated releases. It also lists which codes can be grouped together to represent categories of
reporting as identified in the 2005 Public Data Release. (Note that occasionally facilities report
releases to media codes that are not listed in the current TRI Form R or in any previous forms.
These releases cannot be modeled, but are reported in pounds-based results.)
Media Information
Release Code
400
401
402
510
520
560
590
Description of Release
Fugitive Air
Stack Air
Direct Water
POTW Transfer
Underground Injection (All Well
Classes); this code is used for data
reported from 1988 to 1995
Underground Injection (Class 1);
this code is used for data reported in
1996 and later years
Underground Injection (Class 2);
this code is used for data reported in
1996 and later years
Onsite Landfill; this code is used for
data reported from 1988 to 1995
Land Treatment/Application/
Farming
Surface Impoundment
Other Land Disposal
Other Landfills; this code is used for
data reported in 1996 and later years
RCRA Subtitle C Landfills; this
code is used for data reported in
1996 and later years
Offsite Storage Only
Offsite Recycling (Solvents/
Organics Recovery)
2005 Public Data Release
Category in Which Release is
Located
Fugitive or Nonpoint Air Emissions
Stack or Point Air Emissions
Discharges to Receiving Streams or
Water Bodies
Discharges to Publicly-Owned
Treatment Works (POTWs)
Not Applicable
Underground Injection on-site to
Class I Wells
Underground Injection on-site to
Class II-V Wells
Not Applicable
Disposal to Land On-site
Disposal to Land On-site
Disposal to Land On-site
Disposal to Land On-site
Disposal to Land On-site
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Recycling
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
Media Information
Release Code
724
726
728
740
741
750*
754*
756
761
762
763
764
765
769
771
112***
773
779
790
791
792
Description of Release
Offsite Recycling (Metals Recovery)
Offsite Recycling (Other Reuse or
Recovery)
Offsite Recycling (Acid
Regeneration)
Offsite Treatment (Solidification/
Stabilization)
Solidification/Stabilization- metals
and metal compounds only
Offsite Incineration/Thermal
Treatment
Offsite Incineration (No fuel value)
Offsite Energy Recovery
Offsite Wastewater Treatment
(Excluding POTW)
Wastewater Treatment (Excluding
POTW) - metals and metal
compounds only
Surface Impoundment
Other Landfills
RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
Offsite Other Waste Treatment
Offsite Underground Injection
Offsite Landfill/Surface
Impoundment
Offsite Land Treatment
Offsite Other Land Disposal
Offsite Other Management
Transfers to Waste Broker; this code
is used for data reported from 1988
to 1990
Offsite Transfer to Broker (Energy
Recovery)
2005 Public Data Release
Category in Which Release is
Located
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Disposal
Not Applicable
Transfers to Energy Recovery
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
Media Information
Release Code
793
794
795
799
Description of Release
Off site Transfer to Broker
(Recycling)
Offsite Transfer to Broker
(Disposal)
Offsite Transfer to Broker (Waste
Treatment)
Offsite (Unknown Treatment/
Disposal)
2005 Public Data Release
Category in Which Release is
Located
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Disposal
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to Disposal
* Indicates that full risk modeling is conducted for these release codes.
** Beginning with the 1991 reporting year, releases to POTWs are coded as 8 in Form R. To allow
comparisons with earlier years, however, these releases are still coded as 6 in the RSEI Model.
*** This code was discontinued in RY 2002 and replaced by codes 763, 764, and 765; however, it is still
included in the model for historical reporting.
Score Category Information
The following table presents the score category codes which describe details related to the
media releases, and whether the release can be modeled using environmental fate and transport
models.
Score Category Info
(ascription
Jnknown Error
)irect Fugitive Air - Rural
)irect Fugitive Air - Urban
)irect Point Air - Rural
)irect Point Air - Urban
)irect Water
)nsite Landfill
OTW Effluent
OTW Volatilization - Rural
OTW Volatilization - Urban
rmation
If Category is a release, can it
be modeled using the
environmental fate and
transport models?
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
Score Category Information
Score
Category
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
21
Description
POTW Sludge Landfill
POTW Sludge Volat - Rural
POTW Sludge Volatilization -
Urban
Offsite Incineration - Rural
Offsite Incineration - Urban
Offsite Landfill
Offsite Volatilization - Rural
Offsite Volatilization - Urban
Offsite treatment other
Cannot place Lat/Long
Cannot locate facility stream
Cannot locate POTW stream
22 No/Unmodeled treatment code
23
24
25
30
31
32
33
34
38
Error in CAS Number
No Toxicity Data
No POTW Removal Data
Reach data is suspect
Unable to find WBAN
No Incinerator Efficiency Data
Internal Error
Missing Physical-Chemical Data
Unmodeled - Underground Injection
Unmodeled - PRO
Unmodeled - RCRA C Landfill
POTW Biodegradation
Offsite Incineration Destroyed
55 Direct Water-Fish Ing. (Rec)
If Category is a release, can it
be modeled using the
environmental fate and
transport models?
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
105
107
Score Category Information
escription
OTW Effluent-Fish Ing. (Rec)
)irect Water-Fish Ing. (Sub)
OTW Effluent-Fish Ing. (Sub)
If Category is a release, can it
be modeled using the
environmental fate and
transport models?
Yes
Yes
Yes
On-site Chemical Information
The following tables present the maximum on-site and chemical use codes.
Activities and Uses of a Chemical at a Facility
Category
Manufacture (produce or import for on-site use/
processing, for sale/distribution, as a byproduct, or as
an impurity)
Process (as a reactant, as a formulation component, as
an article component, or repackaging)
Otherwise Use (as a chemical processing aid, as a
manufacturing aid, or for ancillary or other use)
Manufacture and Process
Manufacture and Otherwise Use
Process and Otherwise Use
Manufacture, Process, and Otherwise Use
Code
M
P
OU
M/P
M/OU
P/OU
M/P/OU
Maximum Amount of a Chemical On-site at Any Time During the
Calendar Year
Range
0 to 99 Ibs
100 to 999 Ibs
1,000 to 9,999 Ibs
10,000 to 99,999 Ibs
100,000 to 999,999 Ibs
1,000,000 to 9,999,999 Ibs
Code
01
02
03
04
05
06
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
Maximum Amount of a Chemical On-site at Any Time During the
Calendar Year
Range
10,000,000 to 49,999,999 Ibs
50,000,000 to 99,999,999 Ibs
100,000,000 to 499,999,999 Ibs
500,000,000 to 999,999,999 Ibs
1,000,000,000 Ibs or more
Code
07
08
09
10
11
FIPS Codes
The following table presents presents the FIPS code for each state.
State Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) Codes
Abbreviation J FIPS | State Name
AK
AL
02
01
Alaska
Alabama
AR 05 Arkansas
AS
60 American Samoa
i
AZ 04 Arizona
CA j" 06 [California
CO [08
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
GU
HI
IA
ID
IL
09
11
Colorado
Connecticut
District of Columbia
10 Delaware
12 1 Florida
13 Georgia
66
15
19
16
Guam
Hawaii
Iowa
Idaho
17 Illinois
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
State Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) Codes
Abbreviation
FIPS
IN [ 18
KS
KY
LA
20
21
22
State Name
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
MA 25 Massachusetts
MD 24 1 Maryland
ME
23 Maine
i
MI 26 Michigan
MN 27 Minnesota
MO 29
MS
MT
NC
ND
28
30
T;
Missouri
Mississippi
Montana
North Carolina
38 North Dakota
1
NE J31 [Nebraska
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
33
34
35
32
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
Nevada
36 |New York
I
OH [39 [Ohio
OK p^^^
OR 41 Oregon
PA
42 Pennsylvania
PR 72 Puerto Rico
RI
SC
SD
44 j Rhode Island
45
_
South Carolina
I _____________
South Dakota
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CHAPTER 10: Additional Information
State Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) Codes
Abbreviation
FIPS
TN J47
TX
UT
VA
VI
48
49
51
78
VT [50
WA p^^^
WI p^^
wv
54
WY I 56
State Name
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Virgin Islands
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
West Virginia
Wyoming
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CHAPTER 11: Glossary of Commonly Used Terms
CHAPTER 11
Glossary of Commonly Used Terms
core chemicals
Those chemicals and chemical categories which have been on the TRI List since 1987 and for
which there have been no changes in reporting requirements. In RSEI Version 2.1.5, core
chemicals are not differentiated from mini-core chemicals, as this version does not contain TRI
reporting data for years prior to 1996.
chronic human health
The RSEI model addresses both chronic effects and chronic exposures related to human health.
Chronic effects are those that generally persist over a long period of time whether or not they
occur immediately after exposure or are delayed. Chronic exposure refers to multiple
exposures occurring over an extended period of time, or a significant fraction of an individual's
lifetime.
EPCRA
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, which is the third part
of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, also known as SARA Title
III.
exposure modeling
RSEI's risk-related results include a calculated surrogate dose, which is estimated through
exposure modeling. Exposure modeling is a way to track a chemical's fate and transport
through the environment, until it comes to a point of contact with an exposed person. Exposure
modeling includes using standard assumptions about human exposure to contaminants, such as
the drinking water, fish ingestion, or air inhalation rate.
exposure pathway
The exposure pathway is the physical course that a chemical takes from its emission by the
facility to the exposed individual and is related to the type of release. RSEI models fugitive and
stack air releases and fish ingestion and drinking water intake from releases to surface water.
exposed population
The exposed population is the population that is likely to come in contact with a chemical. The
population differs depending on the exposure pathway modeled. For instance, the population
exposed to chemicals released to air is the population in a 101 km by 101 km grid surrounding
the facility.
flag
A True/False field in the RSEI databases used to designate chemicals or facilities included in
various EPA programs or with certain other characteristics.
Version 2.1.5 145 1996-2005 TRI Data
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CHAPTER 11: Glossary of Commonly Used Terms
FormR
EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) collects information on chemical releases and transfers
from reporting facilities every year. The form these facilities fill out is called Form R. Facilities
may also fill out a certification statement, called Form A, which certifies that the facility's use
of a specific toxic chemical does not meet the minimum threshold requirement, and so is not
subject to Form R reporting.
full trend
A set of RSEI results for TRI Reporting Years 1988-2002. In order for the results to be
meaningful, the results only include core chemicals and original industries.
geocoding
Geocoding is the process of assigning latitude and longitude to a point, based on street
addresses, city, state and zip code. RSEI uses geocoded data for both on-site and off-site
facilities to better locate the facilities on the model grid. Geocoding services are provided by
Thomas Computing Services (TCS), using Matchmaker software.
grid cell
An approximately 1 km by 1 km square defined by the (X,Y) coordinates of its center point.
The set of grid cells (the grid) describes the U.S. and its territories and provides the
geographical basis of the RSEI model.
hazard-based
RSEI produces three main types of results: pounds-based, hazard-based, and risk-related.
Hazard-based results can be calculated for any set of chemical releases and transfers included
in the model, and consist of the pounds released multiplied by the chemical's toxicity weight.
Hazard-based results do not include any exposure modeling or population estimates.
health endpoints
An effect of exposure to a toxic chemical, such as carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity.
indicator element
The building block of the RSEI model. A unique combination of facility, chemical release,
year, release pathway, and exposure pathway. Each Indicator Element has a set of results
associated with it. If the element cannot be modeled, then the score is zero; if there is no
toxicity weight available, then the hazard-based results are also zero.
inhalation unit risk
The upper-bound excess lifetime cancer risk estimated to result from continuous exposure to an
agent at a concentration of jg/m3 in air.
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level, the highest concentration allowed by the federal government in
drinking water. MCLs are set using the best available treatment technology and taking cost into
consideration.
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media
Path through which a chemical is released into the environment, such as direct water, POTW
transfer, fugitive air, etc. See Media Information for a full list of the media included in the
RSEI model.
mini core
Those chemicals and chemical categories which have been on the TRI List since 1995 and for
which there have been no changes in reporting requirements. In RSEI Version 2.1.5, core
chemicals are not differentiated from mini-core chemicals, as this version does not contain TRI
reporting data for years prior to 1996.
mini trend
A set of RSEI results for TRI reporting years 1995-2002. In order for the results to be
meaningful, the results only include mini core chemicals and original industries.
modeled media
The media for which full risk-related modeling is conducted in the RSEI model. These media
include the following: 1-Fugitive Air, 2-Stack Air, 3-Direct Water, 6-POTW Transfer, 750-
Offsite Incineration/Thermal Treatment, and 754-Offsite Incineration (No fuel value).
modeled hazard
The number of modeled pounds multiplied by the toxicity weight for the appropriate exposure
pathway (e.g. inhalation toxicity weight for an air release).
modeled pounds
Pounds reported by the facility that are modeled and accounted for in the risk score. Reasons
that pounds may not be modeled include gaps in toxicity data, data needed for exposure
modeling, data for the releasing facility, or other data necessary for modeling.
normalization
In the RSEI model, it is possible to express the results normalized to 1988, the first year of data
collected by TRI. Reported TRI pounds cannot be normalized.
off-site
Off-site facilities (or receiving facilities) receive transfers of chemicals from TRI on-site (or
reporting) facilities. Types of off-site facilities include waste brokers, publicly-owned
treatment works (POTWs), recycling facilities, landfills, and hazardous waste facilities.
Transfers to off-site facilities are reported by the on-site facility transferring them.
on-site
On-site facilities (also called reporting facilities) report directly to TRI, and include
manufacturing facilities, metal and coal mines, electric utilities, chemical waste facilities,
chemical wholesalers, and petroleum bulk stations and terminals. Almost 50,000 on-site
facilities have reported to TRI since reporting was required in 1988.
oral slope factor
The Oral Slope Factor represents the upper-bound (approximating a 95% confidence limit)
estimate of the slope of the dose-response curve in the low-dose region for carcinogens. The
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units of the slope factor are usually expressed as (mg/kg-day) -1.
original industries
Those industries which were required to report to TRI beginning in Reporting Year 1988, SIC
codes 20 through 39.
POTW
Publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) are public wastewater treatment facilities that
receive wastewater, usually through a pipe system, from facilities using toxic chemicals.
Because of the unique treatment system, POTWs are modeled separately from other off-site
facilities.
pounds-based
RSEI produces three main types of results: pounds-based, hazard-based, and risk-related.
Pounds-based results are simply the amount of pounds released or transferred by TRI facilities.
reach
A reach is an unbranched linear segment of a water body with fairly constant hydrological
characteristics. A reach can be part of a stream, creek, river, pond, or lake.
RfC
The Reference Concentration is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of continuous inhalation exposure to the human population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects
during a lifetime.
RfD
The Reference Dose is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude)
of daily exposure [RfD] to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely
to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects during a lifetime.
risk-related
RSEI produces three main types of results: pounds-based, hazard-based, and risk-related. Risk-
related results combine surrogate dose with toxicity weight and population estimate, producing
a unitless value proportional to risk-related impact. Risk-related results (or scores) are not
independently meaningful and should only be used comparatively in relation to other model
results.
RY
The Reporting Year corresponds to the calendar year (January 1 to December 31) for which
facilities report release and other waste management activities in their Form Rs.
score
A score is the numerical value in RSEFs risk-related results, combining surrogate dose,
toxicity, and population estimates. Scores are not independently meaningful and should only be
used comparatively in relation to other model results.
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selection statement
A selection statement is used to select releases to analyze, in the Select Elements... screen. It
consists of at least one bracket statement and one condition statement.
SIC codes
Standard Industrial Classification codes classify a business or facility according to its primary
kind of activity, such as chemical manufacturing or electricity generation. Two-digit codes are
the most general, four-digit codes are the most specific (although some unofficial sources use
codes up to eight digits); RSEI uses two-digit and four-digit codes.
stream path
The course taken by a chemical release from its release point (an effluent pipe from a facility
or POTW) to the point where it is no longer modeled (up to 200km).
surrogate dose
A surrogate dose is specific to a combination of facility, chemical release, media, release
pathway and exposure pathway. It is calculated in several steps. First, exposure and release
pathway-specific chemical release volumes are combined with physicochemical properties and
site-specific characteristics in models to estimate an ambient concentration in the
environmental medium of concern. The ambient media concentration is then combined with
standard human exposure assumptions (for adults and children) to estimate the magnitude of
the dose.
toxicity weight
This weight is a proportional numerical weight applied to a chemical based on its toxicity. The
toxicity of a chemical is assessed using EPA-established standard methodologies. For each
exposure route, chemicals are weighted based on their single, most sensitive adverse chronic
human health effect (cancer or the most sensitive noncancer effect). In the absence of data, the
toxicity weight for one pathway is adopted for the other pathway. The range of toxicity weights
is approximately 0.01 to 1,000,000.
trend
Any set of RSEI results across two or more years. In the RSEI model, users can use the
chemical flags (Core, Mini Core, and 1998 Core) to select the appropriate chemicals for the
full trend (1998 through 2005), the mini trend (1995 through 2002) or the trend for 1998
through 2002. The chemical flags automatically exclude reports for chemicals for which
reporting requirements have changed over the relevant time period. Because RSEI Version
2.1.5 includes TRI data for 1996-2005 only, the Core flag (full trend) produces the same results
as the Mini Core (mini trend).
TRI
The Toxics Release Inventory is a publicly-available EPA database that contains information
on toxic chemical releases and other waste management activities reported annually by certain
covered industry groups and federal facilities. The RSEI model uses annually updated TRI
data.
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WOE
Weight of evidence category. Based on the quality and adequacy of data on carcinogenicity,
EPA places a chemical in one of the following five weight of evidence categories, as specified
in 51 FR 33996:
A Carcinogenic to humans
B Probable carcinogen
•B1 Indicates limited human evidence
>R» Indicates sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in
humans
C Possible carcinogen
D Not classifiable
E Evidence of non-carcinogenicity
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CHAPTER 12
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for
Hazardous Substances. Available at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/index.html.
California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
2005. All Chronic Reference Exposure Levels Adopted by OEHHA as of February 2005.
Available at http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/AllChrels.html.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1990. Hazard Ranking System: Final Rule. 55 Federal
Register 241. pp. 51532-51667.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997. Office of Pesticide Programs. Toxicity
Tracking Reports (OPP). Copy available at http://npic.orst.edu/tracking.htm.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997. Office of Research and Development. Health
Effects Assessment Summary Tables. July.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook. Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment. Volume 1. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1995. Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) Dispersion
Models.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997. National Emissions Inventory (NET) Air
Pollutant Trends Data. Available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2000. Estimated Per Capita Fish Consumption in the
United States: Based on Data Collected by the United States Department of 'Agriculture''s
1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Office of Water, Office of
Science and Technology. March.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2007. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Available atwww.epa.gov/iris.
RSEI Technical Appendices (Available on RSEI Installation Disk and at www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei):
Technical Appendix A. Listing of All Toxicity Weights for TRI Chemicals and Chemical
Categories.
Technical Appendix B. Physicochemical Properties for TRI Chemicals and Chemical
Categories.
Technical Appendix C. Derivation of Model Exposure Parameters.
Technical Appendix D. Locational Data for TRI Reporting Facilities and Off-site Facilities.
Technical Appendix E. Derivation of Stack Parameter Data.
Technical Appendix F. Summary of Differences Between RSEI Data and the TRI Public Data
Release.
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