\ PERFORM; REPORT Supplement February 2009 "Updated to include 2006 TRI data -• • •x! EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency ------- ------- Introduction i Cement Manufacturing 7 Chemical Manufacturing 11 Food & Beverage Manufacturing 17 Forest Products 21 Iron & Steel 25 Metal Casting 29 Oil & Gas, Petroleum Refineries 35 Paint & Coatings 39 Shipbuilding & Ship Repair 43 Appendix: Endnotes ------- Welcome to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) February 2009 Supplement to the 2008 Sector Performance Report. To provide readers with the most recent environmental performance information on the sectors we cover, we plan to periodically publish updated Supplements to our Report as new data become available. This first Supplement provides updated Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data from 2006. As this Supplement is a companion to the 2008 Sector Performance Report, rather than a stand-alone report, the data and text presented in the Report are not repeated in this document. Instead, we refer the reader to the 2008 Sector Performance Report (www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html) for important information on background, context, and methods. INTRODUCTION LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS1 for sectors presented in this Supplement Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 1.3 billion Ibs Air Emissions (TRI) Water Discharges (TRI) Waste Disposals (TRI) 480.5 million Ibs 158.2 million Ibs 683.3 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment Reported to 2006 TRI: 14.7 billion Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report (www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html) for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. Introduction February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- 2006 TRI Overview This Supplement presents updated data for the sectors we cover that report to EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). Updated data were obtained from the 2006 TRI Public Data Release. Please refer to the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations sections of the 2008 Sector Performance Repori for important information and qualifications about how these data are generated, synthesized and presented. Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006, the 9 of our 12 sectors that report to TRI reported emitting 480.5 million Ibs. of TRI chemicals, out of 1.4 billion Ibs. emitted by all TRI reporters nationwide. For all but two sectors, absolute emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) accounted for 50% or more of the total air emissions. From 1997 to 2006, normalized total air emissions and normalized HAP emissions declined for all sectors. See individual sector chapters for sector-specific data. The pie chart below presents the relative TRI air emissions for the Sector Strategies sectors (sectors accounting for 1% or less have not been included). TRI Air Emissions 2006 U.S. Total Cement Oil & Gas Manufacturing 9% 2% Chemical Manufacturing 39% Food & Beverage Manufacturing 10% Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, the nine sectors reported managing 16 billion absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. The pie chart below presents the relative quantities of TRI waste managed by the Sector Strategies sectors (sectors accounting for 1% or less have not been included). When normalized (by annual sector shipments, revenue, or production), total waste managed declined 20% between 1997 and 2006. In 2006, 8% of the TRI-reported waste by these nine sectors was disposed or released, 37% was treated, 33% was recycled, and 22% was recovered for energy. TRI Waste Management 2006 U.S. Total Food & Beverage Manufacturing 5% Forest Products 10% Cement Oil & Gas Manufacturing 8% 7% Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Introduction February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- CEMENT MANUFACTURING AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 115 13,800 facilities 0% employees 13,800 72.7 million • 0% metric tons of clinken production 88.6 million * 22% LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS2 Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 10.9 million Ibs Air Emissions: 8.8 million Ibs Water Discharges: 3,100 Ibs Waste Disposals: 2.1 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 1.1 billion Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: htty:/'/'www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html. 3 Cement Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006,108 facilities in the sector reported 8.8 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's TRI. The absolute pounds emitted annually presented no overall change from 1997, as show in Figure 2a, but when normalized by annual clinker production, the sector's TRI air emissions decreased by 18% over the same period, as shown in Figure 2b. The decrease from 2005 to 2006 is due to a decline in the quantity of several chemicals emitted to air by the sector, including ethylene, propylene, benzene, ammonia, and sulfuric acid. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The sector's Toxicity Scores fluctuated from 1997 to 2006, with an overall increase of 8% when normalized by clinker production. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 57% of the sector's air emissions reported to TRI in 2006, and 48% of the overall Toxicity Score. Table 1 presents the sector's top TRI-reported air emissions based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 Chemical Ammonia Benzene 4 Chlorine Chromium Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds Ethylene Hydrochloric Acid Lead Manganese Mercury Sulforic Acid Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 1,105,0003 425,000 54,000 6,000 <1 984,000 4,113,000 21,000 25,000 11,000 1,305,000 91 %6 Percentage of Toxicity Score <1% 1% 10% 1%5 <1% <1% 8% 4% 19% 1% 51% 96%7 Number of Facilities Reporting2 17 15 1 55 76 1 39 106 33 101 11 100%8 Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 8.8 million Ibs. 2. 108 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act. 5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector fiom EPA's National Emissions Inventory, chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to assume that 8% was hexavalent and 92% was tiivalent 6. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's air emissions. 7. Chemicals in this list represent 96% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 8. 100% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 4 Cement Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- FIGURE 2 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs a. Absolute Ibs 8.8 M 8.8 M 5.1 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized Ibs 8.8 M 7.2 M 18% IM 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1.00 0.50 1.08 0.52 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual clinker production. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey 5 Cement Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, the Cement Manufacturing sector reported managing 1.1 billion absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. As shown by the trend in Figure 4, when normalized by annual clinker production, the quantity of waste managed decreased by 36% from 1997 until 2005, followed by a 150% increase from 2005 to 2006. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in the reported quantity of ethylene glycol recovered by a single facility. The facility reported ethylene glycol recovery averaging 3.2 million Ibs. from 2003 to 2005, and 729.9 million Ibs. (accounting for 68% of the sectors overall waste managed) in 2006. For all of the years presented, energy recovery was the predominant method used by this sector for managing TRI chemicals. In 2006, the sector reported disposing 2.1 million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As shown in Table 3, metals dominated the sector's TRI disposals. TABLE 3 Top TRI Disposals 2006 Chemical Barium Chromium Lead Manganese Mercury Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 174, 1003 84,200 558,100 731,200 1,100 324,100 91%' Number of Facilities Reporting2 11 25 46 17 39 15 45%5 Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 2.1 million Ibs. 2. 108 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's disposals. 5. 45% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FIGURE 4 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 900,000,000 „ 600,000,000 s 300,000,000 1997 total: 550.4 million Ibs I Disposal or Other Releases v24% I Treatment v 85% Energy Recovery A. 65% I Recycling A. 181% 2006 total: 885.6 million Ibs A. 61% 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual clinker production. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey 6 Cement Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Ill AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 12,386 facilitie $658 billion A 66% 832,546, employees $396 billion 805,064 value of • 3% shipments! Note: U.S. DOC has revised the sector's 2005 VOS from $555 billion (as presented in the 2008 SPR)to $611billion. LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 519.2 million Ibs IAir Emissions: 187 million Ibs Water Discharges: 37.5 million Ibs Waste Disposals: 294.8 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 9.8 billion Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: http://www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html. 7 Chemical Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006, 3,192 facilities in the Chemical Manufacturing sector reported 187 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute TRI-reported air emissions declined by 49%, as shown in Figure 2a. When normalized by the sector's value of shipments (VOS) over the period, air emissions decreased 62%, as seen in Figure 2b. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The sector's normalized Toxicity Score decreased by 52% from 1997 to 2006. In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 50% of the sector's air emissions reported to TRI in 2006, and 71% of the overall Toxicity Score. Trends in emissions of HAPs, based on pounds and on the Toxicity Scores, showed very similar declines to the trends in air emissions for all TRI chemicals. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. Table 1 presents the sector's top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 Chemical Acrolein Ammonia Carbonyl Sulfide Certain Glycol Ethers Chlorine Diisocyanates Ethylene Manganese Methanol Propylene Isulfiiric Acid Toluene Xylene Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 49,000 46,870,000 13,335,000 634,000 1,125,000 14,000 16,424,000 116,000 16,834,000 8,287,000 4,039,000 6,131,000 2,685,000 62%6 Percentage of Toxicity Score 9%4 2% 4% <1% 21% <1% 9% <1% <1% 15% <1% <1% 65%7 Number of Facilities Reporting2 36 34 424 271 83 138 78 770 114 109 663 62%8 Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 187.0 million Ibs. 2. 3,192 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act. 4. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category 5. Calculation of Toxicity Score for diisocyanates conservatively assumed that all diisocyanates emissions were hexamethylene-l,6-diisocyanates. Other diisocyanates chemicals with lower toxicity scores may constitute the majority of reported diisocyanates emissions from the sector. Thus, RSEI analyses may overestimate the relative harmfulness of diisocyanates emissions. 6. Chemicals in this list represent 62% of the sector's air emissions. 7. Chemicals in this list represent 65% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 8. 62% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- FIGURE 2 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs a. Absolute IDS 365.4 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized IDS 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1.00 B B 0.34 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual value of shipments. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce Chemical Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, chemical manufacturers reported managing 10.4 billion absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. When normalized by the sector's VOS, this was 34% less than 1997. Figure 3 shows how the sector managed this waste. In 2006, 5% of the TRI-reported waste was released or disposed. Most of the waste disposed in 2006 went to underground injection wells. In the same year, 15% was recovered for energy use, 38% was treated, and 42% was recycled. When normalized by VOS between 1997 and 2006, the quantity of waste managed by each individual method (e.g., treated, disposed) decreased. For the overall sector, manganese and nitrate compounds were disposed in the greatest FIGURE 3 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 quantities and accounted for one-third of disposals, while lead and zinc were the most frequently reported chemicals disposed, as indicated in Table 3. TABLE 3 Top TRI Disposals 2006 Chemical Acetonitrile Ammonia Copper Lead Manganese Methanol Nitrate Compounds Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 14,625,0003 30,554,000 3,174,000 2,478,000 53,625,000 23,309,000 44,003,000 7,357,000 60%* Number of Facilities Reporting2 21 163 146 402 83 148 94 382 28%5 Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 294.8 million Ibs. 2. 3,192 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 60% of the sector's c 5. 28% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. 6,000,000,000 4,000,000,000 2,000,000,000 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Disposal or Other Releases ^55% Treatment T- 29% Energy Recovery ^38% Recycling - 33% 1997 total: 11.6 billion Ibs 2006 total: 7.6 billion Ibs T-34% 1997 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual value of shipments. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce 10 Chemical Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- MANUFACTURI AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 40,348 facilities ities- 28,938 •»• 28% 1,685,377 employees $484 billion 1,592,944 value of 5% shipments LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS2 Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 150.1 million Ibs Air Emissions: 47 million Ibs Water Discharges: 77.3 million Ibs Waste Disposals: 25.9 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 590.7 million Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: htty:/'/'www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html. $621 billion A 28% 11 Food & Beverage Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006,1,120 facilities in the sector reported 47 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions. HAPs accounted for 70% of these emissions. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute TRI-reported air emissions declined by 39%, as show in Figure 2a. As shown in Figure 2b, when normalized by the value of shipments (VOS), air emissions decreased 41%. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The sector's Toxicity Scores increased by 53% from 1997 to 2006 when normalized by the sector's annual VOS. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 Chemical Acetaldehyde Acrolein Ammonia Hydrochloric Acid Lead Methanol N-Hexane Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Sulforic Acid Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 1,716,000 28,000 11,628,000 5,389,000 34,000 2,497,000 21,264,000 35,000 1,730,000 94%5 Percentage of Toxicity Score 4%4 30% 2% 6% 3% <1% 1% 6% 36% 88%6 Number of Facilities Reporting2 22 2 357 41 67 47 46 23 46%7 Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 47.0 million Ibs. 2. 1,120 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act. 4. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 5. Chemicals in this list represent 94% of the sector's air emissions. 6. Chemicals in this list represent 88% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 7. 46% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12 Food & Beverage Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- FIGURE 2 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 AN TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs a. Absolute IDS 76.5 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized Ibs 76.5 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual value of shipments. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce 13 Food & Beverage Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, the Food & Beverage Manufacturing sector reported managing 740.8 million absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. When normalized by value of shipments, this quantity represented 10% more than 1997 quantities. Figure 3 shows how the sector managed this TRI waste. In 2006, 45% was recycled, 35% was treated, 20% was disposed or released to air or water, and less than 1% was recovered for energy use. The pounds managed under each management activity, with the exception of energy recovery, increased over the time period presented. The annual quantities reported as recycled fluctuated dramatically between 280 million Ibs. and 850 million Ibs. due to reports from a single facility. The quantity of waste that Food & Beverage Manufacturing facilities disposed to land, as reported to TRI, increased from 9.8 million Ibs. in 1997 to 25.9 million Ibs. in 2006. When normalized by the value of annual shipments, this represented a 151% increase. As shown in Table 4, nitrate compounds remained the chemical disposed in the greatest quantity in 2006, accounting for over half of overall disposals, and was the chemical most frequently reported as disposed by this sector. FIGURE 3 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 900,000,000 600,000,000 300,000,000 1997 total: 643.9 trillion Ibs • Disposal or Other Releases • Treatment A. 21% Energy Recovery ^33% • Recycling *• 1% k.12% ilili i i 2006 total: 705.8 million Ibs A. 10% i 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual value of shipments. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce Food & Beverage Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- I TABLE 4 Top TRI Disposals 2006 Chemical Absolute Pounds Reported1 Number of Facilities Reporting2 Ammonia Barium Lead Manganese Nitrate Compounds Nitric Acid Zinc Percentage of Sector Total 4,653,0003 1,603,000 95,000 1,064,000 14,700,000 781,000 850,000 92%' Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 25.9 million Ibs. 2. 1,120 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 92% of the sector's disposals. 5. 27% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 15 Food & Beverage Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- 16 Food & Beverage Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- - AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 28,581 • facilities 1,192,929 employees* 20,644 1 •»• 28% $243 billion 936,819 value of • T 21% shipments LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS' Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 233.8 million Ibs Air Emissions: 185.4 million Ibs Water Discharges: 19.1 million Ibs Waste Disposals: 29.2 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 1.4 billion Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: http://www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html. $270 billion A 11% 17 Forest Products February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006, 982 facilities in the sector reported 185.4 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute TRI-reported air emissions declined by 25%, as show in Figure 2a. When normalized by the sector's value of shipments (VOS) over the period, air emissions decreased 17%, as seen in Figure 2b. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The sector's Toxicity Score, when normalized by VOS, decreased 29% over this period. In 2006, 86% of the forest product sector's TRI air emissions were also HAPs and 58% of the sector's Toxicity Score was attributed to HAPs. Trends in HAP emissions showed similar declines to the trends in air emissions for all TRI chemicals when comparing either pounds reported or the Toxicity Scores. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 Chemical Acetaldehyde Acrolein Ammonia Chlorine Dioxide Dioxin And Dioxin- Like Compounds Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid Lead Manganese Methanol Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Sulfuric Acid Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 8,243,0004 52,000 16,850,000 388,000 2 5,891,000 15,717,000 41,000 314,000 116,232,000 81,000 7,170,000 92%5 Percentage of Toxicity Score 4% 10% 1% 8% <1% 8% 3% 1% 25% <1% 3% 29% 91%6 Number of Facilities Reporting2 146 6 165 76 265 207 130 506 147 345 188 94 71%7 Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 185.4 million Ibs. 2. 982 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act. 4. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 5. Chemicals in this list represent 92% of the sector's air emissions. 6. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 7. 71% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Forest Products February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- FIGURE 2 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 • All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs 185.4M 159.1 M a. Absolute IDS 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized Ibs 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual value of shipments. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce 19 Forest Products February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, the Forest Products sector reported managing 1.7 billion absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. As shown in Figure 3, when normalized by VOS, the quantity of waste managed by the sector remained relatively steady between 1997 and 2006. In 2006,14% of the TRI-reported waste was disposed or released, 70% was treated, 12% was recovered for energy, and 4% was recycled. In 2006, the sector reported disposing 29.2 million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As shown in Table 4, manganese accounted for almost half of the total pounds disposed by the sector as waste, with lead being FIGURE 3 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 the chemical most frequently reported as disposed. TABLE 4 Top TRI Disposals Chemical Barium Dioxin And Dioxin-Like Compounds Lead Manganese Mercury Methanol Vanadium Zinc Percentage of Sector Total 2006 Absolute Pounds Reported1 3,591,0003 2 519,000 13,647,000 12,000 996,000 1,204,000 7,748,000 95% Number of Facilities Reporting2 99 197 137 108 111 41 105 5 46% Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 29.2 million Ibs. 2. 982 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 95% of the sector's disposals. 5. 46% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. 1,500,000,000 1,000,000,000 500,000,000 0 L Disposal or Other Releases Treatment A. 3% Energy Recovery ^ 11 % Recycling -w 72% 1997 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual value of shipments. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S Department of Commerce 20 Forest Products February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 126 facilities 146,982 employees 106 '16% 108,592 V 26% 98.5 million metric tons of iron & steel' produced 98.2 million v less than 1 % LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS2 Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 293.1 million Ibs Air Emissions: 4.1 million Ibs Water Discharges: 2.3 million Ibs Waste Disposals: 286.7 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 459.1 million Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: http://www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html 21 Iron & Steel February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006, 84 facilities in the sector reported 4.1 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, TRI-reported absolute and normalized air emissions declined by 58%, as show in Figure 2a and 2b, with production levels for the sector remaining relatively steady. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The sector's total Toxicity Score fluctuated from over the years but remained relatively steady over the decade. The increase in Toxicity Score in 2006 can be attributed to a single facility that reported an average of 4,400 pounds of manganese releases to air between 1997 and 2001, followed by no reported releases until 2006, when it reported manganese air emissions of 116,000 pounds. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. HAPs accounted for 34% of the sector's absolute air emissions reported to TRI in 2006, and almost all the sector's Toxicity Score. The sector's trend for HAP emissions is similar to the trend for all TRI air emissions, as shown in Figure 2a. Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 Chemical Ammonia Benzene 4 Cadmium Chromium Hydrochloric Acid Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Sulforic Acid Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 670,0003 138,000 1,000 23,000 297,000 108,000 482,000 6,000 23,000 55,000 1,857,000 88%6 Percentage of Toxicity Score <1% <1% 1% <1%5 <1% 5% 90% <1% 1% <1% 99%7 Number of Facilities Reporting2 12 6 15 74 17 82 82 67 67 4 100%8 Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 4.1 million Ibs. 2. 84 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act. 5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector from EPA's National Emissions Inventory, chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to assume that 3% was hexavalent and 97% was trivalent. 6. Chemicals in this list represent 88% of the sector's air emissions. 7. Chemicals in this list represent 99% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 8. 100% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 22 Iron & Steel February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- FIGURE 2 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 • All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs a. Absolute Ibs 9.8 M 1/1 - 3.9 M 4.1 M -• 1.4M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized Ibs 9.8 M 3.9 M Illlllll 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual production of iron and steel. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey 23 Forest Products February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, the Iron & Steel sector reported managing 752.2 million absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. When normalized by production, this represented a 45% increase since 1997. Figure 3 shows how the sector managed these chemicals. In 2006, 39% of the TRI-reported waste was disposed or released, 49% was recycled, 9% was recovered for energy, and 3% was treated. In 2006, the sector reported disposing 286.7 million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As shown in Table 3, zinc accounted for three-quarters of the total pounds disposed by the sector. Lead and manganese were the chemicals most frequently reported as disposed. TABLE 3 Top TRI Disposals 2006 Chemical Chromium Copper Lead Manganese Nickel Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 4,873,0003 2,533,000 10,918,000 48,781,000 814,000 214,247,000 98%'' Number of Facilities Reporting2 65 55 86%5 Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 286.7 million Ibs. 2. 84 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 98% of the sector's disposals. 5. 86% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FIGURE 3 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 450,000,000 300,000,000 150,000,000 1997 total: 518.9 million Ibs 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual production of iron and steel. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey Disposal or Other Releases A. 30% Treatment "V 16% Energy Recovery ^323% Recyclings. 47% 24 Iron & Steel February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- * 'i K; ETAL CASTIN AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 2,832 • facilities 224,717 L 2,207 employees ' •»• 22% 14.4 million tons of ferrous and nonferrous' , 167,058 shipments 26% LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 40.1 million Ibs Air Emissions: 3.2 million Ibs Water Discharges: 68,000 Ibs Waste Disposals: 36.8 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 126.3 million Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: htty.l lwww.eva.sovlsectorslverformance.html. 25 Metal Casting February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006, 620 facilities in the sector reported 3.2 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, TRI-reported air emissions, in absolute pounds, declined by 64%, as show in Figure 2a. Because production levels for the sector remained relatively steady over the 10 years, the emissions trend, when normalized by ferrous and nonferrous shipments, was very similar to the trend for absolute emissions, as shown in Figure 2b. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The sector's Toxicity Score declined 62% from 1997 to 2006. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. HAPs accounted for 66% of the sector's air emissions reported to TRI in 2006, and 78% of the sector's Toxicity Score. Over the 10-year period, absolute and normalized pounds of HAPs emitted declined by 64%. Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 Chemical Aluminum Benzene Chromium Cobalt Copper Diisocyanates Lead Manganese Nickel Phenol Xylene Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 323,0003 282,000 54,000 6,000 146,000 11,000 88,000 162,000 50,000 328,000 244,000 216,000 60%7 Percentage of Toxicity Score 1% <1% 1%5 1% 19%6 7% 56% 10% <1% <1% <1% 98%8 Number of Facilities Reporting2 " "1 11 146 288 36 351 193 195 ,0 83 85%' Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 3.2 million Ibs. 2. 620 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act. 5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector from EPA's National Emissions Inventory, chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to assume that 3% was hexavalent and 97% was trivalent. 6. Calculation of Toxicity Score for diisocyanates conservatively assumed that all diisocyanates emissions were hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanates. Other diisocyanates chemicals with lower toxicity scores may constitute the majority of reported diisocyanates emissions fiom the sector. Thus, RSEI analyses may overestimate the relative harmfulness of diisocyanates emissions. 7. Chemicals in this list represent 60% of the sector's air emissions. 8. Chemicals in this list represent 98% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 9. 85% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list 26 Metal Casting February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- FIGURE 2 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs a. Absolute IDS 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized Ibs 8.7 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual ferrous and nonferrous shipments. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, American Foundry Society 27 Metal Casting February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, the sector reported managing 166.4 million absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. When normalized by product shipped, this represented a 36% decrease since 1997, as shown in Figure 3. In 2006, 24% of the TRI-reported waste was disposed or released, 69% was recycled, 7% was treated, and less than 1% was recovered for energy. In 2006, the sector reported disposing 36.8 million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As shown in Table 3, manganese and zinc accounted for almost three-quarters of the total pounds disposed by the sector. Lead was FIGURE 3 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 the chemical most frequently reported as disposed. TABLE 3 Top TRI Disposals Chemical Aluminum Oxide Chromium Copper Lead Manganese Nickel Zinc Percentage of Sector Total 2006 Absolute Pounds Reported1 1,610,0003 1,788,000 1,483,000 1,872,000 14,596,000 647,000 12,565,000 94%4 Number of Facilities Reporting2 5 130 191 177 150 61 59% 5 Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 36.8 million Ibs. 2. 620 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 94% of the sector's disposals. 5. 59% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. 200,000,000 100,000,000 1997 total: 265.2 million Ibs L L L 1997 1998 1999 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual ferrous and nonferrous shipments. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, andland disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, American Foundry Society Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Disposal or Other Releases -w 36% Treatment A. 58% Energy Recovery Recycling -^ 39% 2006 total: 170.4 million Ibs 36% 2000 28 Metal Casting February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- OIL & GAS Petroleum Refining AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 164 refineries 90,000 14g employees 9% ,68,700 barreis crude T 24% oil input into refineries LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS: Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 72.3 million Ibs I Air Emissions: 42.8 million Ibs Water Discharges: 22 million Ibs Waste Disposals: 7.5 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 1.2 billion Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: htty.l I www.eva.3ovlsectorslverformance.html. 29 Petroleum Refining February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006,165 facilities3 in the sector reported 42.8 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, TRI- reported air emissions declined by 29%, as show in Figure 2a. When normalized by crude oil inputs into refineries, air emissions decreased by 32% over the 10 years, as shown in Figure 2b. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. While the normalized Toxicity Score increased by 72% over the 10-year period shown in Figure 2c, the Toxicity Score has decreased each year since 2002. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 44% of the TRI chemicals emitted to air and 24% of the Toxicity Score in 2006. Between 1997 and 2006, the trend for HAP emissions follows a similar declining trend as for emissions of all TRI chemicals. Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 6 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 I- Chemical 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Ammonia Benzene Chlorine Ethylbenzene N-Hexane Nickel Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Propylene Sulfuric Acid Toluene Xylene Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 686,000 o,UUU,UUU 1,865,000 130,000 656,000 3,661,000 82,000 34,000 4,060,000 7,882,000 3,721,000 2,973,000 80% 5 Percentage Number of of Toxicity Facilities Score Reporting2 1%3 129 1% 107 1% 147 6% 33 <1% 141 <1% 144 8% 68 3% 132 <1% 113 73% 75 <1% 147 <1% 145 92%' 98%7 Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 42.8 million Ibs. 2. 165 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red 30 Petroleum Refining February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- :IGURE 2 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs a. Absolute IDS 60 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized IDS 60 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual crude oil inputs into refineries. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Energy 31 Petroleum Refining February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, refineries reported managing 1.2 billion absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. When normalized by crude oil inputs into refineries, this represented a 24% increase since 1997. Figure 3 shows how this waste was managed. In 2006, 42% was treated, 45% was recovered for energy use, and 8% was recycled, while 6% of the TRI-reported waste was disposed or released. The increase in energy recovery in 2006 was largely driven by one facility's increase in the quantity of propylene used for energy recovery. The 2006 decrease in recycling resulted from changes from multiple facilities, influenced by one facility that reported recycling large quantities of sulfuric acid in 2005, but did not report any recycling of this chemical in 2006. FIGURE 3 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 In 2006, refineries reported disposing 7.5 million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As shown in Table 3, asbestos, as reported by one facility, accounted for 18% of the total pounds disposed by the sector. Prior to 2006, the facility's reported asbestos disposals to landfills fluctuated from between no disposals and 724,000 pounds. Lead was the chemical most frequently reported as disposed by the sector. 1997 total: 963.8 million Ibs I Disposal or Other Releases I Treatment A. 29% Energy Recovery A29% I Recycling A 8% '14% 2006 total: 1.2 billion Ibs A. 24% 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual crude oil inputs into refineries. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Energy 32 Petroleum Refining February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- TABLE 8 Top TRI Disposals 2006 Chemical Ammonia Asbestos Benzene Ethylbenzene Lead Molybdenum Trioxide Toluene Xylene Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 827,0003 1,350,000 99,000 136,000 159,000 720,000 137,000 602,000 701,000 63%4 Number of Facilities Reporting2 29 1 107 116 38 102 106 39 82%5 Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 7.5 million Ibs. 2. 165 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 63% of the sector's disposals. 5. 82% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 33 Petroleum Refining February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- 34 Page intentionally left blank February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 1,494 f facilities 1,344 10% 52,479 j. employees 46,209 •»• 12% 1.5 billion gallons of shipments 1.6 billion ' A. 5% LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 5.7 million Ibs Air Emissions: 4 million Ibs Water Discharges: 24,000 Ibs Waste Disposals: 1.6 million Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 122.5 million Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: httv://www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html. 35 Paint & Coatings February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006, 453 facilities in the sector reported 4 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute TRI- reported air emissions declined by 56%, as show in Figure la. When normalized by the quantity of product shipments over this period, air emissions declined by about the same amount, as seen in Figure Ib. The normalized and absolute data are similar because production remained relatively steady over the period. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure Ic. The sector's total Toxicity Score, normalized by product shipments, declined by 80% from 1997 to 2006. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for most (88%) of the sector's pounds of air emissions reported to TRI in 2006; therefore, trends in HAP emissions showed similar declines to the trends in air emissions for all TRI chemicals when based on either pounds reported or the Toxicity Score. Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 Absolute Percentage Number of Pounds of Toxicity Facilities Chemical Reported1 Score Reporting 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Certain Glycol Ethers Chromium Diisocyanates Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Methanol Nickel Toluene Xylene Percentage of Sector Total 161,384 254,224 1,558 766 185,435 308,750 388,386 1,863 771,116 1,018,695 77%7 12%3 6% 34%6 <1% <1% <1% 9% <1% 5% 75%8 116 166 25 18 130 84 67 7 201 265 83o/0' Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 4.0 million Ibs. 2. 453 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act 5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector from industry, chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to assume that 25% was hexavalent and 75% was trivalent. 6. Calculation of Toxicity Score for diisocyanates conservatively assumed that all diisocyanates emissions were hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanates. Other diisocyanates chemicals with lower toxicity scores may constitute the majority of reported diisocyanates emissions from the sector. Thus, RSEI analyses may overestimate the relative harmfulness of diisocyanates emissions. 7. Chemicals in this list represent 77% of the sector's air emissions. 8. Chemicals in this list represent 75% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 9. 83% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 36 Paint & Coatings February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- FIGURE 1 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs a. Absolute IDS 9.1 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized IDS 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1.00 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual quantity of paint and allied product shipments. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Census Bureau 37 Paint & Coatings February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, facilities in the Paint & Coatings sector reported managing 128.1 million absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. As shown in Figure 2, when normalized by annual product shipments, total waste managed declined 32% between 1997 and 2006. Figure 2 also shows how the sector has managed this waste over time. In 2006, 4% of the TRI-reported waste was disposed or released, 54% was recycled, 31% was recovered for energy, and 11% was treated. In 2006, the sector reported disposing 1.6 million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As shown in Table 3, zinc FIGURE 2 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 90,000,000 r 1997tota|. 17ao ^iiion bs accounted for a quarter of the total pounds disposed by the sector and was the chemical most frequently reported as disposed. P TABLE 3 Top TRI Disposals 2006 Chemical 3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butylcarbamate I Barium Certain Glycol Ethers Chromium Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Lead Xylene Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 124,0003 45,000 57,000 96,000 32,000 160,000 397,000 65%" Number of Facilities Reporting2 10 18 28 29 * 77 30 98 35%5 Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 1.6 million Ibs. 2. 453 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 65% of the sector's disposals. 5. 35% of facilities reported emitting one ofmore chemicals in this list. „, 60,000,000 Disposal or Other Releases Treatment -^ 47% Energy Recovery -^38% Recycling •_• 21% 2006 total: 121.8 million Ibs 32% 30,000,000 1997 1998 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual quantity of paint and allied product shipments. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Census Bureau 38 Paint & Coatings February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- tt'l % •*_ -;, 13^ • Ml. SHIPBUILDIN AT A GLANCE 1997-20061 2005:346 facilities 97,521 employees 87,352 v 10% $10.5 billion value of, shipments LAI LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 2.5 million Ibs I Air Emissions: 2.1 million Ibs Water Discharges: 10,000 Ibs Waste Disposals: 361,000 Ibs Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 7.2 million Ibs The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance Report for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is available at: htty:/'/'www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html. PAI $15.1 billion * 43% 39 Shipbuilding & Ship Repair February 2009 SUPPLEMENT ------- Air Emissions Air Emissions Reported to TRI In 2006, 59 facilities in the sector reported 2.1 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute TRI- reported air emissions declined by 14%, as shown in Figure la. When normalized by the sector's value of shipments (VOS), air emissions decreased 27%, as shown in Figure Ib. The 2006 increase in air emissions resulted from 38 facilities in the sector reporting increased air emissions that in aggregate were 596,000 absolute Ibs. greater than their emissions in 2005, while 24 facilities reported lower air emissions totaling 241,000 less than their reported air emissions in 2005. Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure Ic. When normalized by the sector's VOS, the sector's Toxicity Score fluctuated between 1997 and 2006, declining overall by 41%. Important methodological considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance Report's Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and limitations of Toxicity Scores. In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 56% of the sector's pounds of air emissions reported to TRI in 2006, and 76% of the Toxicity Score. Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on three indicators. TABLE 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2006 I Chemical 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Chromium Ethylbenzene \ Manganese N-Butyl Alcohol Nickel Propylene Sulfunc Acid Xylene Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 166.0003 2,000 146,000 9,000 543,000 2,000 104,000 28,000 765,000 83%' Percentage of Toxicity Score 9% 6%; <1% <1% 6°/o <1% 9°/o 3 /o 91%7 Number of Facilities Reporting2 8 20 8 24 19 19 11 1 32 88% " Notes: 1. Total reported sector air releases: 2.1 million Ibs. 2. 59 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act. 5. For this sector, EPA's National Emissions Inventory contained no chromium speciation information, therefore, chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to using the defiialt speciation that assumes 34% of chromium was hexavalent and 66% was trivalent. 6. Chemicals in this list represent 83% of the sector's air emissions. 7. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's Toxicity Score. 8. 88% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- FIGURE 1 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006 All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs 2.1 M a. Absolute Ibs 2.5 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 b. Normalized Ibs 2.5 M 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: Normalized by annual value of shipments. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce ------- Waste Generation and Management Waste Management Reported to TRI In 2006, facilities in the sector reported managing 9.7 million absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. When normalized by value of shipments, this was 40% less than in 1997. Figure 2 shows the trends in waste management by the sector. In 2006, 26% of the TRI-reported waste was disposed or released, 38% was recycled, 33% was treated, and 3% was recovered for energy. The 2006 increase in treatment was driven by changes in treated quantities of multiple chemicals by one facility. In 2006, the sector reported disposing 361,000 Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As FIGURE 2 TRI Waste Management 1997-2006 shown in Table 3, zinc and copper accounted for more than half of the total pounds disposed by the sector. TABLE 3 Top TRI Disposals 2006 Chemical Chromium Copper Manganese Nickel Zinc Percentage of Sector Total Absolute Pounds Reported1 27,0003 86,000 81,000 16,000 113,000 90%4 Number of Facilities Reporting2 14 14 10 14 10 41%5 Notes: 1. Total reported sector disposals: 360,600 Ibs. 2.59 total TRI reporters in the sector. 3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category. 4. Chemicals in this list represent 90% of the sector's disposals. 5. 41% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8,000,000 6,000,000 i 4,000,000 2,000,000 1997 total: 13.9 million Ibs I Disposal or Other Releases ^ 24% I Treatment^ 7% I Energy Recovery ^59% I Recycling^. 58% IL 1997 2006 total: 8.3 million Ibs •v 40% luLliliuJril 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Notes: 1. Normalized by annual value of shipments. 2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce ------- APPENDIX: ENDNOTES Executive Summary 1. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), 2006 Public Data Release (PDR). Cement Manufacturing 1. Facilities: Portland Cement Association (PCA), U.S. and Canadian Portland Cement Industry: Plant Information Summary, December 31, 2006, Executive Summary, p. 1; Employment: PCA, U.S. Labor-Energy Input Survey 2006; Clinker Production: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2008, p. 40-41, http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/ cement/index.html. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by a predetermined list of cement manufacturing facilities. Chemical Manufacturing 1. Facilities: Census Bureau, County Business Patterns (CBP), 2006, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/ cbpview.htm 1; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Value of shipments: U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA): Industry Economic Accounts, 2006, http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind data.htm. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by NAICS code 325 or SIC code 28. Food & Beverage Manufacturing 1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.htm 1; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Value of shipments: U.S. DOC, BEA: Industry Economic Accounts, 2006, http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbvind data.htm. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by NAICS codes 311 and 3121 or SIC codes 20 and 5461. Forest Products 1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Value of shipments: U.S. DOC, BEA: Industry Economic Accounts, 2006, http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind data.htm. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. Forest (Wood) Products defined by NAICS codes 3211, 3212, 32191, 32192, 321999 or SIC codes 242, 243, 244, 249; and Forest (Paper) Products defined by NAICS codes 3221, 32221, 322221-322224, 322226, 32223, 32229 or SIC code 26. Iron & Steel 1. Facilities: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, Iron and Steel, http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/ir on & steel/. Some apparent shifts in facility totals over time are attributable to changes in data sources and in methodology used for estimation. The reported facility total for 2004, which was apparently anomalous, is not included in the trend line presented in this report.; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006, defined by NAICS code 331111, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html; Production: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, http://minerals.usgs.gOv/minerals/pubs/commodity//ir on & steel/index.html. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by a predetermined list of iron and steel production mills. ------- Metal Casting 1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.htm 1; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Ferrous and Nonferrous Shipments: American Foundry Society (AFS), Metal Casting Forecast & Trends; Stratecasts, Inc., Demand & Supply Forecast. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by NAICS codes 33151 and 33152 or SIC codes 332 and 336. Oil & Gas 1. Refineries: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), Refinery Capacity Report, Table 1, January 2008, http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil gas/petroleum/data publications/refinery capacity data/current/tablel. pdf, trend data for 1998 were not available; Employment: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=ce; Crude Oil Inputs into Refineries: U.S. DOE, EIA, Petroleum Refining & Processing, Weekly Inputs, Utilization & Production, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet pnp wiup dc u nus w.htm, estimated by multiplying the average weekly inputs (barrels/day) by seven (days/week), and summing all weeks in the calendar year. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by NAICS code 32411 or SIC code 2911. 3. Although EIA data indicate 149 refineries, the number of facilities in SIC 2911 (Petroleum Refineries) included in the TRI databases exceed this count. This could be the result of numerous factors, such as: (1) there are differences in how EIA defines the sector and how the sector is defined by SIC code 2911, and (2) TRI counts reflect the number of IDs in the data system; some facilities may inadvertently report under multiple IDs within the data system. Paint & Coatings 1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.ht ml; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Quantity of paint and allied product shipments: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Industrial Reports (CIR), 2006, http://www.census.gOv/industry/l/ma325f06.pdf. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by NAICS code 32551 or SIC code 2851. Shipbuilding & Ship Repair 1. Facilities: Beth Gearhart, U.S. Maritime Administration, personal communication with Shana Harbour, EPA, December 2005; Employees: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.ht ml; Value of Shipments: U.S. DOC, BEA: Industry Economic Accounts, 2006, http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind data.htm. 2. Release and waste management quantities of chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is defined by NAICS code 336611 or SIC code 3731. ------- ------- |