\
PERFORM;
REPORT
Supplement
February 2009
"Updated to include 2006 TRI data
-• •
•x!
EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
-------
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Introduction
i Cement Manufacturing
7 Chemical Manufacturing
11 Food & Beverage Manufacturing
17 Forest Products
21 Iron & Steel
25 Metal Casting
29 Oil & Gas, Petroleum Refineries
35 Paint & Coatings
39 Shipbuilding & Ship Repair
43 Appendix: Endnotes
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Welcome to U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) February 2009 Supplement
to the 2008 Sector Performance Report. To
provide readers with the most recent
environmental performance information on
the sectors we cover, we plan to periodically
publish updated Supplements to our Report
as new data become available. This first
Supplement provides updated Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI) data from 2006. As this
Supplement is a companion to the 2008 Sector
Performance Report, rather than a stand-alone
report, the data and text presented in the
Report are not repeated in this document.
Instead, we refer the reader to the 2008 Sector
Performance Report
(www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html) for
important information on background, context,
and methods.
INTRODUCTION
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS1
for sectors presented in this Supplement
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 1.3 billion Ibs
Air Emissions (TRI)
Water Discharges (TRI)
Waste Disposals (TRI)
480.5 million Ibs
158.2 million Ibs
683.3 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment
Reported to 2006 TRI:
14.7 billion Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from
U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). See the
Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and
Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report (www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html) for
important information and qualifications about how
data are generated, synthesized, and presented.
Introduction
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
2006 TRI
Overview
This Supplement presents updated data for
the sectors we cover that report to EPA's
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). Updated
data were obtained from the 2006 TRI Public
Data Release. Please refer to the Data Guide
and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and
Considerations sections of the 2008 Sector
Performance Repori for important information
and qualifications about how these data are
generated, synthesized and presented.
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006, the 9 of our 12 sectors that report to
TRI reported emitting 480.5 million Ibs. of
TRI chemicals, out of 1.4 billion Ibs. emitted
by all TRI reporters nationwide. For all but
two sectors, absolute emissions of hazardous
air pollutants (HAPs) accounted for 50% or
more of the total air emissions. From 1997 to
2006, normalized total air emissions and
normalized HAP emissions declined for all
sectors. See individual sector chapters for
sector-specific data. The pie chart below
presents the relative TRI air emissions for the
Sector Strategies sectors (sectors accounting
for 1% or less have not been included).
TRI Air Emissions 2006
U.S. Total
Cement
Oil & Gas Manufacturing
9% 2%
Chemical
Manufacturing
39%
Food & Beverage
Manufacturing
10%
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, the nine sectors reported managing 16
billion absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste.
The pie chart below presents the relative
quantities of TRI waste managed by the Sector
Strategies sectors (sectors accounting for 1% or
less have not been included). When
normalized (by annual sector shipments,
revenue, or production), total waste managed
declined 20% between 1997 and 2006. In 2006,
8% of the TRI-reported waste by these nine
sectors was disposed or released, 37% was
treated, 33% was recycled, and 22% was
recovered for energy.
TRI Waste Management 2006
U.S. Total
Food & Beverage
Manufacturing
5%
Forest Products
10%
Cement Oil & Gas
Manufacturing 8%
7%
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Introduction
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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CEMENT MANUFACTURING
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
115
13,800
facilities
0% employees
13,800 72.7 million
• 0% metric tons
of clinken
production
88.6 million
* 22%
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS2
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 10.9 million Ibs
Air Emissions: 8.8 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 3,100 Ibs
Waste Disposals: 2.1 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 1.1 billion Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: htty:/'/'www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html.
3 Cement Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006,108 facilities in the sector reported 8.8
million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's
TRI. The absolute pounds emitted annually
presented no overall change from 1997, as
show in Figure 2a, but when normalized by
annual clinker production, the sector's TRI air
emissions decreased by 18% over the same
period, as shown in Figure 2b. The decrease
from 2005 to 2006 is due to a decline in the
quantity of several chemicals emitted to air by
the sector, including ethylene, propylene,
benzene, ammonia, and sulfuric acid.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The
sector's Toxicity Scores fluctuated from 1997 to
2006, with an overall increase of 8% when
normalized by clinker production. Important
methodological considerations regarding
Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector
Performance Report's Data Guide, which
explains the underlying assumptions and
limitations of Toxicity Scores.
In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 57%
of the sector's air emissions reported to TRI in
2006, and 48% of the overall Toxicity Score.
Table 1 presents the sector's top TRI-reported
air emissions based on three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
Chemical
Ammonia
Benzene 4
Chlorine
Chromium
Dioxin and Dioxin-Like
Compounds
Ethylene
Hydrochloric Acid
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Sulforic Acid
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
1,105,0003
425,000
54,000
6,000
<1
984,000
4,113,000
21,000
25,000
11,000
1,305,000
91 %6
Percentage
of Toxicity
Score
<1%
1%
10%
1%5
<1%
<1%
8%
4%
19%
1%
51%
96%7
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
17
15
1
55
76
1
39
106
33
101
11
100%8
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 8.8 million Ibs.
2. 108 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category.
4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act.
5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector fiom EPA's National Emissions Inventory,
chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to assume that 8% was hexavalent and 92% was tiivalent
6. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's air emissions.
7. Chemicals in this list represent 96% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
8. 100% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
4 Cement Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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FIGURE 2
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
a. Absolute Ibs
8.8 M
8.8 M
5.1 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized Ibs
8.8 M
7.2 M
18%
IM
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1.00
0.50
1.08
0.52
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual clinker production.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey
5 Cement Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, the Cement Manufacturing sector
reported managing 1.1 billion absolute Ibs. of
TRI chemicals as waste. As shown by the trend
in Figure 4, when normalized by annual
clinker production, the quantity of waste
managed decreased by 36% from 1997 until
2005, followed by a 150% increase from 2005 to
2006. The increase was primarily driven by an
increase in the reported quantity of ethylene
glycol recovered by a single facility. The
facility reported ethylene glycol recovery
averaging 3.2 million Ibs. from 2003 to 2005,
and 729.9 million Ibs. (accounting for 68% of
the sectors overall waste managed) in 2006. For
all of the years presented, energy recovery was
the predominant method used by this sector
for managing TRI chemicals.
In 2006, the sector reported disposing 2.1
million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or
transferring the chemicals to offsite locations
for disposal. As shown in Table 3, metals
dominated the sector's TRI disposals.
TABLE 3
Top TRI Disposals 2006
Chemical
Barium
Chromium
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
174, 1003
84,200
558,100
731,200
1,100
324,100
91%'
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
11
25
46
17
39
15
45%5
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 2.1 million Ibs.
2. 108 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's disposals.
5. 45% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FIGURE 4
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
900,000,000
„ 600,000,000
s
300,000,000
1997 total: 550.4 million Ibs
I Disposal or Other Releases v24%
I Treatment v 85%
Energy Recovery A. 65%
I Recycling A. 181%
2006 total: 885.6 million Ibs
A. 61%
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual clinker production.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey
6 Cement Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Ill
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
12,386
facilitie
$658 billion
A 66%
832,546,
employees
$396 billion
805,064 value of
• 3% shipments!
Note:
U.S. DOC has revised the sector's 2005 VOS from $555 billion (as presented in the 2008 SPR)to $611billion.
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 519.2 million Ibs
IAir Emissions: 187 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 37.5 million Ibs
Waste Disposals: 294.8 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 9.8 billion Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: http://www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html.
7 Chemical Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006, 3,192 facilities in the Chemical
Manufacturing sector reported 187 million
absolute Ibs. of air emissions. Between 1997
and 2006, absolute TRI-reported air emissions
declined by 49%, as shown in Figure 2a. When
normalized by the sector's value of shipments
(VOS) over the period, air emissions decreased
62%, as seen in Figure 2b. Summing the
Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions
reported to TRI by the sector produces the
trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The sector's
normalized Toxicity Score decreased by 52%
from 1997 to 2006.
In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 50%
of the sector's air emissions reported to TRI in
2006, and 71% of the overall Toxicity Score.
Trends in emissions of HAPs, based on pounds
and on the Toxicity Scores, showed very
similar declines to the trends in air emissions
for all TRI chemicals. Important
methodological considerations regarding
Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector
Performance Report's Data Guide, which
explains the underlying assumptions and
limitations of Toxicity Scores.
Table 1 presents the sector's top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
Chemical
Acrolein
Ammonia
Carbonyl Sulfide
Certain Glycol Ethers
Chlorine
Diisocyanates
Ethylene
Manganese
Methanol
Propylene
Isulfiiric Acid
Toluene
Xylene
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
49,000
46,870,000
13,335,000
634,000
1,125,000
14,000
16,424,000
116,000
16,834,000
8,287,000
4,039,000
6,131,000
2,685,000
62%6
Percentage
of Toxicity
Score
9%4
2%
4%
<1%
21%
<1%
9%
<1%
<1%
15%
<1%
<1%
65%7
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
36
34
424
271
83
138
78
770
114
109
663
62%8
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 187.0 million Ibs.
2. 3,192 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act.
4. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category
5. Calculation of Toxicity Score for diisocyanates conservatively assumed that all diisocyanates
emissions were hexamethylene-l,6-diisocyanates. Other diisocyanates chemicals with lower
toxicity scores may constitute the majority of reported diisocyanates emissions from the sector.
Thus, RSEI analyses may overestimate the relative harmfulness of diisocyanates emissions.
6. Chemicals in this list represent 62% of the sector's air emissions.
7. Chemicals in this list represent 65% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
8. 62% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chemical Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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FIGURE 2
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
a. Absolute IDS
365.4 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized IDS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1.00
B B 0.34
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual value of shipments.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce
Chemical Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, chemical manufacturers reported
managing 10.4 billion absolute Ibs. of TRI
chemicals as waste. When normalized by the
sector's VOS, this was 34% less than 1997.
Figure 3 shows how the sector managed this
waste. In 2006, 5% of the TRI-reported waste
was released or disposed. Most of the waste
disposed in 2006 went to underground
injection wells. In the same year, 15% was
recovered for energy use, 38% was treated, and
42% was recycled. When normalized by VOS
between 1997 and 2006, the quantity of waste
managed by each individual method (e.g.,
treated, disposed) decreased.
For the overall sector, manganese and nitrate
compounds were disposed in the greatest
FIGURE 3
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
quantities and accounted for one-third of
disposals, while lead and zinc were the most
frequently reported chemicals disposed, as
indicated in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Top TRI Disposals 2006
Chemical
Acetonitrile
Ammonia
Copper
Lead
Manganese
Methanol
Nitrate Compounds
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
14,625,0003
30,554,000
3,174,000
2,478,000
53,625,000
23,309,000
44,003,000
7,357,000
60%*
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
21
163
146
402
83
148
94
382
28%5
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 294.8 million Ibs.
2. 3,192 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 60% of the sector's c
5. 28% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
6,000,000,000
4,000,000,000
2,000,000,000
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Disposal or Other Releases ^55%
Treatment T- 29%
Energy Recovery ^38%
Recycling - 33%
1997 total: 11.6 billion Ibs
2006 total: 7.6 billion Ibs
T-34%
1997
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual value of shipments.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce
10 Chemical Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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MANUFACTURI
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
40,348
facilities
ities-
28,938
•»• 28%
1,685,377
employees
$484 billion
1,592,944 value of
5% shipments
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS2
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 150.1 million Ibs
Air Emissions: 47 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 77.3 million Ibs
Waste Disposals: 25.9 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 590.7 million Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: htty:/'/'www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html.
$621 billion
A 28%
11 Food & Beverage Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006,1,120 facilities in the sector reported 47
million absolute Ibs. of air emissions. HAPs
accounted for 70% of these emissions. Between
1997 and 2006, absolute TRI-reported air
emissions declined by 39%, as show in Figure
2a. As shown in Figure 2b, when normalized
by the value of shipments (VOS), air emissions
decreased 41%.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The
sector's Toxicity Scores increased by 53% from
1997 to 2006 when normalized by the sector's
annual VOS. Important methodological
considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are
discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report's Data Guide, which explains the
underlying assumptions and limitations of
Toxicity Scores.
Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acrolein
Ammonia
Hydrochloric Acid
Lead
Methanol
N-Hexane
Polycyclic Aromatic
Compounds
Sulforic Acid
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
1,716,000
28,000
11,628,000
5,389,000
34,000
2,497,000
21,264,000
35,000
1,730,000
94%5
Percentage
of Toxicity
Score
4%4
30%
2%
6%
3%
<1%
1%
6%
36%
88%6
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
22
2
357
41
67
47
46
23
46%7
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 47.0 million Ibs.
2. 1,120 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act.
4. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category.
5. Chemicals in this list represent 94% of the sector's air emissions.
6. Chemicals in this list represent 88% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
7. 46% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
12 Food & Beverage Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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FIGURE 2
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
AN TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
a. Absolute IDS
76.5 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized Ibs
76.5 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual value of shipments.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce
13 Food & Beverage Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, the Food & Beverage Manufacturing sector
reported managing 740.8 million absolute Ibs. of
TRI chemicals as waste. When normalized by value
of shipments, this quantity represented 10% more
than 1997 quantities.
Figure 3 shows how the sector managed this TRI
waste. In 2006, 45% was recycled, 35% was treated,
20% was disposed or released to air or water, and
less than 1% was recovered for energy use. The
pounds managed under each management activity,
with the exception of energy recovery, increased
over the time period presented. The annual
quantities reported as recycled fluctuated
dramatically between 280 million Ibs. and 850
million Ibs. due to reports from a single
facility.
The quantity of waste that Food & Beverage
Manufacturing facilities disposed to land, as
reported to TRI, increased from 9.8 million
Ibs. in 1997 to 25.9 million Ibs. in 2006. When
normalized by the value of annual shipments,
this represented a 151% increase. As shown in
Table 4, nitrate compounds remained the
chemical disposed in the greatest quantity in
2006, accounting for over half of overall
disposals, and was the chemical most
frequently reported as disposed by this sector.
FIGURE 3
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
900,000,000
600,000,000
300,000,000
1997 total: 643.9 trillion Ibs
• Disposal or Other Releases
• Treatment A. 21%
Energy Recovery ^33%
• Recycling *• 1%
k.12%
ilili
i
i
2006 total: 705.8 million Ibs
A. 10%
i
1997
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
2006
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual value of shipments.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce
Food & Beverage Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
I TABLE 4
Top TRI Disposals 2006
Chemical
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
Ammonia
Barium
Lead
Manganese
Nitrate Compounds
Nitric Acid
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
4,653,0003
1,603,000
95,000
1,064,000
14,700,000
781,000
850,000
92%'
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 25.9 million Ibs.
2. 1,120 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 92% of the sector's disposals.
5. 27% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
15 Food & Beverage Manufacturing
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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16 Food & Beverage Manufacturing February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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-
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
28,581 •
facilities
1,192,929
employees*
20,644
1 •»• 28%
$243 billion
936,819 value of
• T 21% shipments
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS'
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 233.8 million Ibs
Air Emissions: 185.4 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 19.1 million Ibs
Waste Disposals: 29.2 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 1.4 billion Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: http://www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html.
$270 billion
A 11%
17 Forest Products
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006, 982 facilities in the sector reported
185.4 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to
EPA's TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute
TRI-reported air emissions declined by 25%, as
show in Figure 2a. When normalized by the
sector's value of shipments (VOS) over the
period, air emissions decreased 17%, as seen in
Figure 2b.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The
sector's Toxicity Score, when normalized by
VOS, decreased 29% over this period.
In 2006, 86% of the forest product sector's TRI
air emissions were also HAPs and 58% of the
sector's Toxicity Score was attributed to HAPs.
Trends in HAP emissions showed similar
declines to the trends in air emissions for all
TRI chemicals when comparing either pounds
reported or the Toxicity Scores. Important
methodological considerations regarding
Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector
Performance Report's Data Guide, which
explains the underlying assumptions and
limitations of Toxicity Scores.
Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acrolein
Ammonia
Chlorine Dioxide
Dioxin And Dioxin-
Like Compounds
Formaldehyde
Hydrochloric Acid
Lead
Manganese
Methanol
Polycyclic Aromatic
Compounds
Sulfuric Acid
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
8,243,0004
52,000
16,850,000
388,000
2
5,891,000
15,717,000
41,000
314,000
116,232,000
81,000
7,170,000
92%5
Percentage
of Toxicity
Score
4%
10%
1%
8%
<1%
8%
3%
1%
25%
<1%
3%
29%
91%6
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
146
6
165
76
265
207
130
506
147
345
188
94
71%7
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 185.4 million Ibs.
2. 982 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act.
4. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category.
5. Chemicals in this list represent 92% of the sector's air emissions.
6. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
7. 71% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Forest Products
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
FIGURE 2
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
• All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
185.4M
159.1 M
a. Absolute IDS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized Ibs
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual value of shipments.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce
19 Forest Products
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, the Forest Products sector reported
managing 1.7 billion absolute Ibs. of TRI
chemicals as waste. As shown in Figure 3, when
normalized by VOS, the quantity of waste
managed by the sector remained relatively
steady between 1997 and 2006. In 2006,14% of
the TRI-reported waste was disposed or
released, 70% was treated, 12% was recovered
for energy, and 4% was recycled.
In 2006, the sector reported disposing 29.2
million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or
transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for
disposal. As shown in Table 4, manganese
accounted for almost half of the total pounds
disposed by the sector as waste, with lead being
FIGURE 3
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
the chemical most frequently reported as
disposed.
TABLE 4
Top TRI Disposals
Chemical
Barium
Dioxin And Dioxin-Like
Compounds
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Methanol
Vanadium
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
2006
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
3,591,0003
2
519,000
13,647,000
12,000
996,000
1,204,000
7,748,000
95%
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
99
197
137
108
111
41
105
5
46%
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 29.2 million Ibs.
2. 982 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 95% of the sector's disposals.
5. 46% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
1,500,000,000
1,000,000,000
500,000,000
0 L
Disposal or Other Releases
Treatment A. 3%
Energy Recovery ^ 11 %
Recycling -w 72%
1997
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual value of shipments.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S Department of Commerce
20 Forest Products
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
126
facilities
146,982
employees
106
'16%
108,592
V 26%
98.5 million
metric tons of
iron & steel'
produced
98.2 million
v less than 1 %
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS2
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 293.1 million Ibs
Air Emissions: 4.1 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 2.3 million Ibs
Waste Disposals: 286.7 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 459.1 million Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: http://www.epa.gov/sectors/performance.html
21 Iron & Steel
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006, 84 facilities in the sector reported 4.1
million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's
TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, TRI-reported
absolute and normalized air emissions
declined by 58%, as show in Figure 2a and 2b,
with production levels for the sector remaining
relatively steady.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The
sector's total Toxicity Score fluctuated from
over the years but remained relatively steady
over the decade. The increase in Toxicity Score
in 2006 can be attributed to a single facility that
reported an average of 4,400 pounds of
manganese releases to air between 1997 and
2001, followed by no reported releases until
2006, when it reported manganese air
emissions of 116,000 pounds. Important
methodological considerations regarding
Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector
Performance Report's Data Guide, which
explains the underlying assumptions and
limitations of Toxicity Scores.
HAPs accounted for 34% of the sector's
absolute air emissions reported to TRI in 2006,
and almost all the sector's Toxicity Score. The
sector's trend for HAP emissions is similar to
the trend for all TRI air emissions, as shown in
Figure 2a.
Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
Chemical
Ammonia
Benzene 4
Cadmium
Chromium
Hydrochloric Acid
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Sulforic Acid
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
670,0003
138,000
1,000
23,000
297,000
108,000
482,000
6,000
23,000
55,000
1,857,000
88%6
Percentage
of Toxicity
Score
<1%
<1%
1%
<1%5
<1%
5%
90%
<1%
1%
<1%
99%7
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
12
6
15
74
17
82
82
67
67
4
100%8
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 4.1 million Ibs.
2. 84 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category.
4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act.
5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector from EPA's National Emissions Inventory,
chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to assume that 3% was hexavalent and 97% was trivalent.
6. Chemicals in this list represent 88% of the sector's air emissions.
7. Chemicals in this list represent 99% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
8. 100% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
22 Iron & Steel
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
FIGURE 2
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
• All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
a. Absolute Ibs
9.8 M
1/1
- 3.9 M
4.1 M
-• 1.4M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized Ibs
9.8 M
3.9 M
Illlllll
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual production of iron and steel.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey
23 Forest Products
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, the Iron & Steel sector reported
managing 752.2 million absolute Ibs. of TRI
chemicals as waste. When normalized by
production, this represented a 45% increase since
1997. Figure 3 shows how the sector managed
these chemicals. In 2006, 39% of the TRI-reported
waste was disposed or released, 49% was
recycled, 9% was recovered for energy, and 3%
was treated.
In 2006, the sector reported disposing 286.7
million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or
transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for
disposal. As shown in Table 3, zinc accounted
for three-quarters of the total pounds disposed
by the sector. Lead and manganese were
the chemicals most frequently reported as
disposed.
TABLE 3
Top TRI Disposals 2006
Chemical
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
4,873,0003
2,533,000
10,918,000
48,781,000
814,000
214,247,000
98%''
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
65
55
86%5
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 286.7 million Ibs.
2. 84 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 98% of the sector's disposals.
5. 86% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FIGURE 3
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
450,000,000
300,000,000
150,000,000
1997 total: 518.9 million Ibs
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual production of iron and steel.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey
Disposal or Other Releases A. 30%
Treatment "V 16%
Energy Recovery ^323%
Recyclings. 47%
24 Iron & Steel
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
*
'i
K;
ETAL CASTIN
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
2,832 •
facilities
224,717 L
2,207 employees
' •»• 22%
14.4 million
tons of ferrous
and nonferrous'
, 167,058 shipments
26%
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 40.1 million Ibs
Air Emissions: 3.2 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 68,000 Ibs
Waste Disposals: 36.8 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 126.3 million Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: htty.l lwww.eva.sovlsectorslverformance.html.
25 Metal Casting
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006, 620 facilities in the sector reported 3.2
million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to TRI.
Between 1997 and 2006, TRI-reported air
emissions, in absolute pounds, declined by
64%, as show in Figure 2a. Because production
levels for the sector remained relatively steady
over the 10 years, the emissions trend, when
normalized by ferrous and nonferrous
shipments, was very similar to the trend for
absolute emissions, as shown in Figure 2b.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c. The
sector's Toxicity Score declined 62% from 1997
to 2006. Important methodological
considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are
discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report's Data Guide, which explains the
underlying assumptions and limitations of
Toxicity Scores.
HAPs accounted for 66% of the sector's air
emissions reported to TRI in 2006, and 78% of
the sector's Toxicity Score. Over the 10-year
period, absolute and normalized pounds of
HAPs emitted declined by 64%.
Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
Chemical
Aluminum
Benzene
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Diisocyanates
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Phenol
Xylene
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
323,0003
282,000
54,000
6,000
146,000
11,000
88,000
162,000
50,000
328,000
244,000
216,000
60%7
Percentage
of Toxicity
Score
1%
<1%
1%5
1%
19%6
7%
56%
10%
<1%
<1%
<1%
98%8
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
" "1
11
146
288
36
351
193
195
,0
83
85%'
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 3.2 million Ibs.
2. 620 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category.
4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act.
5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector from EPA's National Emissions Inventory,
chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to assume that 3% was hexavalent and 97% was trivalent.
6. Calculation of Toxicity Score for diisocyanates conservatively assumed that all diisocyanates
emissions were hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanates. Other diisocyanates chemicals with lower
toxicity scores may constitute the majority of reported diisocyanates emissions fiom the sector.
Thus, RSEI analyses may overestimate the relative harmfulness of diisocyanates emissions.
7. Chemicals in this list represent 60% of the sector's air emissions.
8. Chemicals in this list represent 98% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
9. 85% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list
26 Metal Casting
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
FIGURE 2
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
a. Absolute IDS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized Ibs
8.7 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual ferrous and nonferrous shipments.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, American Foundry Society
27 Metal Casting
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, the sector reported managing 166.4
million absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste.
When normalized by product shipped, this
represented a 36% decrease since 1997, as shown
in Figure 3. In 2006, 24% of the TRI-reported
waste was disposed or released, 69% was
recycled, 7% was treated, and less than 1% was
recovered for energy.
In 2006, the sector reported disposing 36.8
million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or
transferring the chemicals to offsite locations for
disposal. As shown in Table 3, manganese and
zinc accounted for almost three-quarters of the
total pounds disposed by the sector. Lead was
FIGURE 3
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
the chemical most frequently reported as
disposed.
TABLE 3
Top TRI Disposals
Chemical
Aluminum Oxide
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
2006
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
1,610,0003
1,788,000
1,483,000
1,872,000
14,596,000
647,000
12,565,000
94%4
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
5
130
191
177
150
61
59% 5
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 36.8 million Ibs.
2. 620 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 94% of the sector's disposals.
5. 59% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
200,000,000
100,000,000
1997 total: 265.2 million Ibs
L
L
L
1997
1998
1999
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual ferrous and nonferrous shipments.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, andland disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, American Foundry Society
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Disposal or Other Releases -w 36%
Treatment A. 58%
Energy Recovery
Recycling -^ 39%
2006 total: 170.4 million Ibs
36%
2000
28 Metal Casting
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
OIL & GAS
Petroleum Refining
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
164
refineries
90,000
14g employees
9%
,68,700 barreis crude
T 24% oil input into
refineries
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS:
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 72.3 million Ibs
I Air Emissions: 42.8 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 22 million Ibs
Waste Disposals: 7.5 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 1.2 billion Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: htty.l I www.eva.3ovlsectorslverformance.html.
29 Petroleum Refining
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006,165 facilities3 in the sector reported
42.8 million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to
EPA's TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, TRI-
reported air emissions declined by 29%, as
show in Figure 2a. When normalized by crude
oil inputs into refineries, air emissions
decreased by 32% over the 10 years, as shown
in Figure 2b.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure 2c.
While the normalized Toxicity Score increased
by 72% over the 10-year period shown in
Figure 2c, the Toxicity Score has decreased
each year since 2002. Important
methodological considerations regarding
Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector
Performance Report's Data Guide, which
explains the underlying assumptions and
limitations of Toxicity Scores.
In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 44%
of the TRI chemicals emitted to air and 24% of
the Toxicity Score in 2006. Between 1997 and
2006, the trend for HAP emissions follows a
similar declining trend as for emissions of all
TRI chemicals.
Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 6
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
I-
Chemical
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Ammonia
Benzene
Chlorine
Ethylbenzene
N-Hexane
Nickel
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
Propylene
Sulfuric Acid
Toluene
Xylene
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
686,000
o,UUU,UUU
1,865,000
130,000
656,000
3,661,000
82,000
34,000
4,060,000
7,882,000
3,721,000
2,973,000
80% 5
Percentage Number of
of Toxicity Facilities
Score Reporting2
1%3 129
1% 107
1% 147
6% 33
<1% 141
<1% 144
8% 68
3% 132
<1% 113
73% 75
<1% 147
<1% 145
92%' 98%7
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 42.8 million Ibs.
2. 165 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red
30 Petroleum Refining
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
:IGURE 2
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
a. Absolute IDS
60 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized IDS
60 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual crude oil inputs into refineries.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Energy
31 Petroleum Refining
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, refineries reported managing 1.2 billion
absolute Ibs. of TRI chemicals as waste. When
normalized by crude oil inputs into refineries, this
represented a 24% increase since 1997. Figure 3
shows how this waste was managed. In 2006, 42%
was treated, 45% was recovered for energy use,
and 8% was recycled, while 6% of the TRI-reported
waste was disposed or released. The increase in
energy recovery in 2006 was largely driven by one
facility's increase in the quantity of propylene used
for energy recovery. The 2006 decrease in recycling
resulted from changes from multiple facilities,
influenced by one facility that reported recycling
large quantities of sulfuric acid in 2005, but did not
report any recycling of this chemical in 2006.
FIGURE 3
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
In 2006, refineries reported disposing 7.5
million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or
transferring the chemicals to offsite
locations for disposal. As shown in Table
3, asbestos, as reported by one facility,
accounted for 18% of the total pounds
disposed by the sector. Prior to 2006, the
facility's reported asbestos disposals to
landfills fluctuated from between no
disposals and 724,000 pounds. Lead was
the chemical most frequently reported as
disposed by the sector.
1997 total: 963.8 million Ibs
I Disposal or Other Releases
I Treatment A. 29%
Energy Recovery A29%
I Recycling A 8%
'14%
2006 total: 1.2 billion Ibs
A. 24%
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual crude oil inputs into refineries.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Energy
32 Petroleum Refining
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
TABLE 8
Top TRI Disposals 2006
Chemical
Ammonia
Asbestos
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Lead
Molybdenum Trioxide
Toluene
Xylene
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
827,0003
1,350,000
99,000
136,000
159,000
720,000
137,000
602,000
701,000
63%4
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
29
1
107
116
38
102
106
39
82%5
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 7.5 million Ibs.
2. 165 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 63% of the sector's disposals.
5. 82% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
33 Petroleum Refining
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
34 Page intentionally left blank February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
1,494 f
facilities
1,344
10%
52,479 j.
employees
46,209
•»• 12%
1.5 billion
gallons of
shipments
1.6 billion
' A. 5%
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 5.7 million Ibs
Air Emissions: 4 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 24,000 Ibs
Waste Disposals: 1.6 million Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 122.5 million Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: httv://www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html.
35 Paint & Coatings
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006, 453 facilities in the sector reported 4
million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's
TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute TRI-
reported air emissions declined by 56%, as
show in Figure la. When normalized by the
quantity of product shipments over this
period, air emissions declined by about the
same amount, as seen in Figure Ib. The
normalized and absolute data are similar
because production remained relatively steady
over the period.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure Ic. The
sector's total Toxicity Score, normalized by
product shipments, declined by 80% from 1997
to 2006. Important methodological
considerations regarding Toxicity Scores are
discussed in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report's Data Guide, which explains the
underlying assumptions and limitations of
Toxicity Scores.
In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for most
(88%) of the sector's pounds of air emissions
reported to TRI in 2006; therefore, trends in
HAP emissions showed similar declines to the
trends in air emissions for all TRI chemicals
when based on either pounds reported or the
Toxicity Score.
Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
Absolute Percentage Number of
Pounds of Toxicity Facilities
Chemical
Reported1 Score
Reporting
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Certain Glycol Ethers
Chromium
Diisocyanates
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene Glycol
Methanol
Nickel
Toluene
Xylene
Percentage of
Sector Total
161,384
254,224
1,558
766
185,435
308,750
388,386
1,863
771,116
1,018,695
77%7
12%3
6%
34%6
<1%
<1%
<1%
9%
<1%
5%
75%8
116
166
25
18
130
84
67
7
201
265
83o/0'
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 4.0 million Ibs.
2. 453 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category.
4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act
5. Based on chromium speciation data for this sector from industry, chromium Toxicity Scores were
adjusted to assume that 25% was hexavalent and 75% was trivalent.
6. Calculation of Toxicity Score for diisocyanates conservatively assumed that all diisocyanates
emissions were hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanates. Other diisocyanates chemicals with lower toxicity
scores may constitute the majority of reported diisocyanates emissions from the sector. Thus, RSEI
analyses may overestimate the relative harmfulness of diisocyanates emissions.
7. Chemicals in this list represent 77% of the sector's air emissions.
8. Chemicals in this list represent 75% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
9. 83% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
36 Paint & Coatings
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
FIGURE 1
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
a. Absolute IDS
9.1 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized IDS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1.00
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual quantity of paint and allied product shipments.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Census Bureau
37 Paint & Coatings
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, facilities in the Paint & Coatings sector
reported managing 128.1 million absolute Ibs.
of TRI chemicals as waste. As shown in Figure
2, when normalized by annual product
shipments, total waste managed declined 32%
between 1997 and 2006. Figure 2 also shows
how the sector has managed this waste over
time. In 2006, 4% of the TRI-reported waste was
disposed or released, 54% was recycled, 31%
was recovered for energy, and 11% was treated.
In 2006, the sector reported disposing 1.6
million Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or
transferring the chemicals to offsite locations
for disposal. As shown in Table 3, zinc
FIGURE 2
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
90,000,000 r 1997tota|. 17ao ^iiion bs
accounted for a quarter of the total pounds
disposed by the sector and was the chemical
most frequently reported as disposed.
P
TABLE 3
Top TRI Disposals 2006
Chemical
3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butylcarbamate
I Barium
Certain Glycol Ethers
Chromium
Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Lead
Xylene
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
124,0003
45,000
57,000
96,000
32,000
160,000
397,000
65%"
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
10
18
28
29
*
77
30
98
35%5
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 1.6 million Ibs.
2. 453 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 65% of the sector's disposals.
5. 35% of facilities reported emitting one ofmore chemicals in this list.
„, 60,000,000
Disposal or Other Releases
Treatment -^ 47%
Energy Recovery -^38%
Recycling •_• 21%
2006 total: 121.8 million Ibs
32%
30,000,000
1997
1998
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual quantity of paint and allied product shipments.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Census Bureau
38 Paint & Coatings
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
-------
tt'l %
•*_
-;,
13^
•
Ml.
SHIPBUILDIN
AT A GLANCE 1997-20061
2005:346 facilities
97,521
employees
87,352
v 10%
$10.5 billion
value of,
shipments
LAI
LATEST ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
Releases of Chemicals Reported to 2006 TRI: 2.5 million Ibs
I Air Emissions: 2.1 million Ibs
Water Discharges: 10,000 Ibs
Waste Disposals: 361,000 Ibs
Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 7.2 million Ibs
The data discussed in this Supplement are drawn from U.S. EPA's 2006 Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI). See the Data Guide and the Data Sources,
Methodologies, and Considerations chapter in the 2008 Sector Performance
Report for important information and qualifications about how data are
generated, synthesized, and presented. The 2008 Sector Performance Report is
available at: htty:/'/'www.eva.sov/sectors/verformance.html.
PAI
$15.1 billion
* 43%
39 Shipbuilding & Ship Repair
February 2009 SUPPLEMENT
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Air Emissions
Air Emissions
Reported to TRI
In 2006, 59 facilities in the sector reported 2.1
million absolute Ibs. of air emissions to EPA's
TRI. Between 1997 and 2006, absolute TRI-
reported air emissions declined by 14%, as
shown in Figure la. When normalized by the
sector's value of shipments (VOS), air
emissions decreased 27%, as shown in Figure
Ib. The 2006 increase in air emissions resulted
from 38 facilities in the sector reporting
increased air emissions that in aggregate were
596,000 absolute Ibs. greater than their
emissions in 2005, while 24 facilities reported
lower air emissions totaling 241,000 less than
their reported air emissions in 2005.
Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air
emissions reported to TRI by the sector
produces the trend illustrated in Figure Ic.
When normalized by the sector's VOS, the
sector's Toxicity Score fluctuated between 1997
and 2006, declining overall by 41%. Important
methodological considerations regarding
Toxicity Scores are discussed in the 2008 Sector
Performance Report's Data Guide, which
explains the underlying assumptions and
limitations of Toxicity Scores.
In absolute pounds, HAPs accounted for 56%
of the sector's pounds of air emissions reported
to TRI in 2006, and 76% of the Toxicity Score.
Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported
chemicals emitted to air by the sector based on
three indicators.
TABLE 1
Top TRI Air Emissions 2006
I Chemical
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Chromium
Ethylbenzene
\ Manganese
N-Butyl Alcohol
Nickel
Propylene
Sulfunc Acid
Xylene
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
166.0003
2,000
146,000
9,000
543,000
2,000
104,000
28,000
765,000
83%'
Percentage
of Toxicity
Score
9%
6%;
<1%
<1%
6°/o
<1%
9°/o
3 /o
91%7
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
8
20
8
24
19
19
11
1
32
88% "
Notes:
1. Total reported sector air releases: 2.1 million Ibs.
2. 59 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given category.
4. Italics indicate a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of Clean Air Act.
5. For this sector, EPA's National Emissions Inventory contained no chromium speciation information, therefore,
chromium Toxicity Scores were adjusted to using the defiialt speciation that assumes 34% of chromium was
hexavalent and 66% was trivalent.
6. Chemicals in this list represent 83% of the sector's air emissions.
7. Chemicals in this list represent 91% of the sector's Toxicity Score.
8. 88% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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FIGURE 1
Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1997-2006
All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs
All TRI HAPs
2.1 M
a. Absolute Ibs
2.5 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
b. Normalized Ibs
2.5 M
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
c. Normalized Toxicity Score Trend
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Note:
Normalized by annual value of shipments.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce
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Waste Generation
and Management
Waste Management
Reported to TRI
In 2006, facilities in the sector reported
managing 9.7 million absolute Ibs. of TRI
chemicals as waste. When normalized by value
of shipments, this was 40% less than in 1997.
Figure 2 shows the trends in waste
management by the sector. In 2006, 26% of the
TRI-reported waste was disposed or released,
38% was recycled, 33% was treated, and 3%
was recovered for energy. The 2006 increase in
treatment was driven by changes in treated
quantities of multiple chemicals by one facility.
In 2006, the sector reported disposing 361,000
Ibs. of TRI chemicals to land or transferring the
chemicals to offsite locations for disposal. As
FIGURE 2
TRI Waste Management 1997-2006
shown in Table 3, zinc and copper accounted
for more than half of the total pounds
disposed by the sector.
TABLE 3
Top TRI Disposals 2006
Chemical
Chromium
Copper
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Percentage of
Sector Total
Absolute
Pounds
Reported1
27,0003
86,000
81,000
16,000
113,000
90%4
Number of
Facilities
Reporting2
14
14
10
14
10
41%5
Notes:
1. Total reported sector disposals: 360,600 Ibs.
2.59 total TRI reporters in the sector.
3. Red indicates that the chemical was one of the top five chemicals reported in the given
category.
4. Chemicals in this list represent 90% of the sector's disposals.
5. 41% of facilities reported emitting one of more chemicals in this list.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
8,000,000
6,000,000
i 4,000,000
2,000,000
1997 total: 13.9 million Ibs
I Disposal or Other Releases ^ 24%
I Treatment^ 7%
I Energy Recovery ^59%
I Recycling^. 58%
IL
1997
2006 total: 8.3 million Ibs
•v 40%
luLliliuJril
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Notes:
1. Normalized by annual value of shipments.
2. Disposal or other releases include air releases, water discharges, and land disposals.
Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce
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APPENDIX: ENDNOTES
Executive Summary
1. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to EPA's Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI), 2006 Public Data Release (PDR).
Cement Manufacturing
1. Facilities: Portland Cement Association (PCA), U.S.
and Canadian Portland Cement Industry: Plant
Information Summary, December 31, 2006, Executive
Summary, p. 1; Employment: PCA, U.S. Labor-Energy
Input Survey 2006; Clinker Production: U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity
Summaries, 2008, p. 40-41,
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/
cement/index.html.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is
defined by a predetermined list of cement
manufacturing facilities.
Chemical Manufacturing
1. Facilities: Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
(CBP), 2006,
http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/ cbpview.htm
1; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Value of
shipments: U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC),
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA): Industry
Economic Accounts, 2006,
http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind data.htm.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is
defined by NAICS code 325 or SIC code 28.
Food & Beverage Manufacturing
1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006,
http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.htm
1; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Value of
shipments: U.S. DOC, BEA: Industry Economic
Accounts, 2006,
http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbvind data.htm.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is
defined by NAICS codes 311 and 3121 or SIC codes 20
and 5461.
Forest Products
1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006,
http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html;
Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Value of
shipments: U.S. DOC, BEA: Industry Economic
Accounts, 2006,
http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind data.htm.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. Forest (Wood)
Products defined by NAICS codes 3211, 3212, 32191,
32192, 321999 or SIC codes 242, 243, 244, 249; and
Forest (Paper) Products defined by NAICS codes 3221,
32221, 322221-322224, 322226, 32223, 32229 or SIC code
26.
Iron & Steel
1. Facilities: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, Iron
and Steel,
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/ir
on & steel/. Some apparent shifts in facility totals
over time are attributable to changes in data sources
and in methodology used for estimation. The reported
facility total for 2004, which was apparently
anomalous, is not included in the trend line presented
in this report.; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006,
defined by NAICS code 331111,
http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html;
Production: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries,
http://minerals.usgs.gOv/minerals/pubs/commodity//ir
on & steel/index.html.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is
defined by a predetermined list of iron and steel
production mills.
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Metal Casting
1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006,
http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.htm
1; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006; Ferrous
and Nonferrous Shipments: American Foundry Society
(AFS), Metal Casting Forecast & Trends; Stratecasts,
Inc., Demand & Supply Forecast.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is
defined by NAICS codes 33151 and 33152 or SIC
codes 332 and 336.
Oil & Gas
1. Refineries: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Refinery
Capacity Report, Table 1, January 2008,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil gas/petroleum/data
publications/refinery capacity data/current/tablel.
pdf, trend data for 1998 were not available;
Employment: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics,
http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=ce;
Crude Oil Inputs into Refineries: U.S. DOE, EIA,
Petroleum Refining & Processing, Weekly Inputs,
Utilization & Production,
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet pnp wiup dc
u nus w.htm, estimated by multiplying the average
weekly inputs (barrels/day) by seven (days/week),
and summing all weeks in the calendar year.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector is
defined by NAICS code 32411 or SIC code 2911.
3. Although EIA data indicate 149 refineries, the
number of facilities in SIC 2911 (Petroleum
Refineries) included in the TRI databases exceed this
count. This could be the result of numerous factors,
such as: (1) there are differences in how EIA defines
the sector and how the sector is defined by SIC code
2911, and (2) TRI counts reflect the number of IDs in
the data system; some facilities may inadvertently
report under multiple IDs within the data system.
Paint & Coatings
1. Facilities: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006,
http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.ht
ml; Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2006;
Quantity of paint and allied product shipments: U.S.
Census Bureau, Current Industrial Reports (CIR),
2006,
http://www.census.gOv/industry/l/ma325f06.pdf.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector
is defined by NAICS code 32551 or SIC code 2851.
Shipbuilding & Ship Repair
1. Facilities: Beth Gearhart, U.S. Maritime
Administration, personal communication with
Shana Harbour, EPA, December 2005; Employees:
Census Bureau, CBP, 2006,
http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.ht
ml; Value of Shipments: U.S. DOC, BEA: Industry
Economic Accounts, 2006,
http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind data.htm.
2. Release and waste management quantities of
chemicals reported to TRI, 2006 PDR. This sector
is defined by NAICS code 336611 or SIC code
3731.
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