ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM
PETROLEUM UST CLEANUPS
FIELD CARDS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
September 1989
-------
The following field cards contain graphs that have been
generated from data in the OUST report Estimating Air
Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. The graphs help in
estimating the rate of emissions at petroleum UST cleanup sites.
Rather than looking through the entire report for the appropriate
graph, you can now refer to this portable and durable set of field
cards.
The graphs for both benzene and volatile organic
compound (VOC) emissions are included for soil excavation,
vacuum extraction and air stripping. On the back of each graph
are the instructions for its use. For additional information, refer
to the section of Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST
Cleanups that is called out below the graph.
-------
400
300
AIR
EMISSIONS 200
RATE (Ib/hr)
100
86°F (30°C)
68°F (20°C)
50°F(10°C)
32°F (0°C)
1000 2000
SURFACE AREA OF SOIL PILE OR SOIL LAYER (ft2)
3000
SOIL EXCAVATION / GASOLINE VOCs
-------
SOIL EXCAVATION
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the surface area of the pile?
If soil pile is a horizontal layer,
surface area - volume OR surface area - length x width.
height
If soil pile is a cone and r - 0.5 x diameter,
surface area - 3.142 r \J r2 + b2
If soil pile is a cone and r - h (approximately),
surface area - 1.11 x (diameter).
What is the approximate temperature at the site?
Locate the line corresponding to the temperature.
Locate the surface area of the soil pile on the x axis and draw a vertical line upward to the
temperature line.
At the intersection of these lines, draw a horizontal line to the y axis and read the emission
rate off the y axis at this point.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 2.0.
-------
AIR
EMISSIONS
RATE (tb/hr)
1000 2000
SURFACE AREA OF SOIL PILE OR SOIL LAYER (ft2)
86°F (30°C)
68°F (20°C)
50°F(10°C)
32°F (0°C)
3000
SOIL EXCAVATION / BENZENE
-------
SOIL EXCAVATION
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the surface area of the pile?
If soil pile is a horizontal layer,
surface area - volume OR surface area - length x width.
height
If soil pile is a cone and r - 0.5 x diameter,
surface area - 3.142 r \r2 + h2
If soil pile is a cone and r - h (approximately),
surf ace area - 1.11 x (diameter).
What is the approximate temperature at the site?
Locate the line corresponding to the temperature.
Locate the surface area of the soil pile on the x axis and draw a vertical line upward to the
temperature line.
At the intersection of these lines, draw a horizontal line to the y axis and read the emission
rate off the y axis at this point.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. Section 2.0.
-------
200,000
160,000
GASOLINE 120-000
CONCENTRATION
IN SOIL PORES
(ppm-v)
80,000
40,000
40
80 120
PUMPING RATE (cfm)
160
100 ItVhr
75 Ihrtir
50 Ib/hr
25 Itvtir
10 ItVhr
5 ItVhr
200
VACUUM EXTRACTION / GASOLINE VOCs
-------
VACUUM EXTRACTION
(GASOLINE VOCs)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the pumping rate of the wall in cubic faat par minute?
What is the level of contamination?
To obtain a conservative estimate, determine the maximum soil gas
concentration of gasoline (ppm-v).
To obtain a short-term average, determine the average soil gas
concentration of gasoline (ppm-v).
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the soil gas concentration on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 3.0.
-------
2000
1500
BENZENE
CONCENTRATION
IN SOIL PORES 1000
(ppm - v)
500-
80 120
PUMPING RATE (cfm)
160
3 to/hr
200
VACUUM EXTRACTION / BENZENE
-------
VACUUM EXTRACTION
(BENZENE)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the pumping rate of th« wall in cubic feat par minute?
What is the level of contamination?
To obtain a conservative estimate, determine the maximum soil gas
concentration of benzene (ppm-v).
To obtain a short-term average, determine the average soil gas
concentration of benzene (ppm-v).
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the soil gas concentration on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. Section 3.0.
-------
140
120
GASOLINE
CONCENTRATION
IN
GROUNDWATER 60
(mg/l)
40 60
PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
100
AIR STRIPPER/GASOLINE VOCs
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 99.99%
-------
AIR STRIPPING
(GASOLINE VOCs)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is tha removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).
What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
What is the maximum concentration of gasoline in the ground water (mg/1)?
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.
-------
140.
120.
100.
GASOLINE
CONCENTRATION 80-
IN
GROUNDWATER
(mg/l)
60.
40 _
40 60
PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
4 Ib/hr
3 Ib/hr
2 Ib/hr
1 Ib/hr
.5 Ib/hr
.1 Ib/hr
100
AIR STRIPPER/GASOLINE VOCs
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 95.00%
-------
AIR STRIPPING
(GASOLINE VOCs)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).
What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
What is the maximum concentration of gasoline in the ground water (mg/l)?
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.
-------
140-
120
100
GASOLINE
CONCENTRATION 80
GROUNDWATER
60
40
20
20
40 60
PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
4 Ib/hr
3 to/hr
2 to/hr
1 to/hr
.5 to/hr
.1 to/hr
100
AIR STRIPPER/GASOLINE VOCs
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 85.00%
-------
AIR STRIPPING
(GASOLINE VOCs)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).
What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
What is the maximum concentration of gasoline in the ground water (mg/t)?
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.
-------
BENZENE
CONCENTRATION
IN
GROUNDWATER
(mg/l)
40 60
PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
.2 Ib/hr
.1 to/hr
.05 fo/hr
.01 to/hr
100
AIR STRIPPER/BENZENE
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 99.99%
-------
AIR STRIPPING
(BENZENE)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).
What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
What is the maximum concentration of benzene in the ground water (mg/l)?
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.
-------
15
12
BENZENE 9
CONCENTRATION
IN
GROUNDWATER
(mg/l)
20
40 60
PUMPING RATE (gpm)
.1 Ib/hr
.05 Ib/hr
.01 Ib/hr
100
AIR STRIPPER/BENZENE
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 95.00%
-------
AIR STRIPPING
(BENZENE)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).
What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
What is the maximum concentration of benzene in the ground water (mg/1)?
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. Section 4.0.
-------
15.
BENZENE
CONCENTRATION
IN
GROUNDWATER
(mg/l)
20
40 60
PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
<= .5 Ib/hr
.4 Ib/hr
AIR STRIPPER/BENZENE
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 85.00%
10
-------
AIR STRIPPING
(BENZENE)
To Estimate Emissions:
What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
efficiency (99.99%. 95%. or 85%).
What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
What is the maximum concentration of benzene in the ground water (mg/l)?
Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.
10
------- |