ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM
   PETROLEUM UST CLEANUPS
        FIELD CARDS —
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Office of Underground Storage Tanks

          September 1989

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     The following field cards contain graphs that have been
generated from data in the OUST  report  Estimating Air
Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. The graphs help in
estimating the rate of emissions at petroleum UST cleanup sites.
Rather than looking through the entire report for the appropriate
graph, you can now refer to this portable and durable set of field
cards.

     The graphs for both benzene and volatile organic
compound (VOC) emissions are included for  soil excavation,
vacuum extraction and air stripping.  On the back of each graph
are the instructions for its use.  For additional information,  refer
to the section of Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum  UST
Cleanups that is called out below the graph.

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           400
            300
   AIR
EMISSIONS   200
RATE (Ib/hr)
            100
86°F (30°C)




68°F (20°C)


50°F(10°C)

32°F (0°C)
                                1000              2000

                       SURFACE AREA OF SOIL PILE OR SOIL LAYER (ft2)
                                                                    3000
                       SOIL EXCAVATION / GASOLINE VOCs

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                                         SOIL EXCAVATION

To Estimate Emissions:

          • What is the surface area of the pile?
                •  If soil pile is a horizontal layer,
                  surface area -  —volume—     OR    surface area -  length x width.
                                     height
                •  If soil pile is a cone and r - 0.5 x diameter,
                  surface area -  3.142 r  \J r2 + b2

                •  If soil pile is a cone and r - h (approximately),
                  surface area - 1.11 x (diameter).

          •  What is the approximate temperature at the site?
          •  Locate the line corresponding to the temperature.
          •  Locate the surface area of the soil pile on the x axis and draw a vertical line upward to the
            temperature line.
          •  At the intersection of these lines, draw a horizontal line to the y axis and read the emission
            rate off the y axis at this point.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 2.0.

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   AIR
EMISSIONS
RATE (tb/hr)
                                  1000               2000

                        SURFACE AREA OF SOIL PILE OR SOIL LAYER (ft2)
   86°F (30°C)




   68°F (20°C)


   50°F(10°C)

   32°F (0°C)
3000
                            SOIL EXCAVATION / BENZENE

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                                         SOIL EXCAVATION
To Estimate Emissions:
          • What is the surface area of the pile?
                •  If soil pile is a horizontal layer,
                  surface area -  —volume—     OR     surface area - length x width.
                                     height
                •  If soil pile is a cone and r - 0.5 x diameter,
                  surface area -  3.142 r   \r2  +  h2
                •  If soil pile is a cone and r - h (approximately),
                  surf ace area - 1.11 x (diameter).
          • What is the approximate temperature at the site?
          • Locate the line corresponding to the temperature.
          • Locate the surface area of the soil pile on the x axis and draw a vertical line upward to the
            temperature line.
          • At the intersection of these lines, draw a horizontal line to the y axis and read the emission
            rate off the y axis at this point.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. Section 2.0.

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              200,000
              160,000
   GASOLINE   120-000
CONCENTRATION
 IN SOIL PORES
    (ppm-v)
               80,000
               40,000
                                40
 80         120

PUMPING RATE (cfm)
160
                                                                                100 ItVhr
                                                                                75 Ihrtir
                                                                                50 Ib/hr
                                                                                25 Itvtir
                                                                                10 ItVhr
                                                                                 5 ItVhr
200
                             VACUUM EXTRACTION / GASOLINE VOCs

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                                   VACUUM EXTRACTION
                                         (GASOLINE VOCs)

To Estimate Emissions:

          • What is the pumping rate of the wall in cubic faat par minute?

          • What is the level of contamination?

               • To obtain a conservative estimate, determine the maximum soil gas
                 concentration of gasoline (ppm-v).

               • To obtain a short-term average, determine the average soil gas
                 concentration of gasoline (ppm-v).

          • Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.

          • Locate the soil gas concentration on the y axis.

          • The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
           emission rate.

For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 3.0.

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              2000
               1500
   BENZENE
CONCENTRATION
 IN SOIL PORES    1000
   (ppm - v)
               500-
                                      80        120

                                    PUMPING RATE (cfm)
160
                                                                     3 to/hr
          200
                            VACUUM EXTRACTION / BENZENE

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                                   VACUUM EXTRACTION
                                             (BENZENE)

To Estimate Emissions:

          •  What is the pumping rate of th« wall in cubic feat par minute?

          •  What is the level of contamination?

                • To obtain a conservative estimate, determine the maximum soil gas
                 concentration of benzene (ppm-v).

                • To obtain a short-term average, determine the average soil gas
                 concentration of benzene (ppm-v).

          •  Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.

          •  Locate the soil gas concentration on the y axis.

          •  The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
            emission rate.

For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. Section 3.0.

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             140
             120
  GASOLINE
CONCENTRATION
     IN
GROUNDWATER   60
    (mg/l)
                                  40        60

                                PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
100
                         AIR STRIPPER/GASOLINE VOCs
                         REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 99.99%

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                                         AIR STRIPPING
                                          (GASOLINE VOCs)
To Estimate Emissions:
          •  What is tha removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
                •  Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
                  efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).

          •  What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
          •  What is the maximum concentration of gasoline in the ground water (mg/1)?
          •  Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
          •  Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
          •  The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
            emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.

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              140.
              120.
              100.


   GASOLINE
CONCENTRATION  80-
      IN
GROUNDWATER
    (mg/l)
60.
               40 _
                                      40         60
                                    PUMPING RATE (gpm)
                                           80
                                                        4 Ib/hr
   3 Ib/hr
                                                                       2 Ib/hr
                                                                       1 Ib/hr

                                                                       .5 Ib/hr
                                                                       .1 Ib/hr
100
                             AIR STRIPPER/GASOLINE VOCs
                             REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 95.00%

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                                         AIR STRIPPING
                                          (GASOLINE VOCs)
To Estimate Emissions:
          •  What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
                •  Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
                  efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).

          •  What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
          •  What is the maximum concentration of gasoline in the ground water (mg/l)?
          •  Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
          •  Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
          •  The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
            emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.

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              140-
              120
              100

   GASOLINE
CONCENTRATION   80

GROUNDWATER
               60
              40
              20
                          20
   40       60

PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
                                 4 Ib/hr
                                 3 to/hr
                                                                2 to/hr
                                 1 to/hr

                                 .5 to/hr
                                 .1 to/hr
100
                        AIR STRIPPER/GASOLINE VOCs
                        REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 85.00%

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                                         AIR STRIPPING
                                          (GASOLINE VOCs)

To Estimate Emissions:

          •  What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?

                •  Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
                  efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).



          •  What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?

          •  What is the maximum concentration of gasoline in the ground water (mg/t)?

          •  Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.

          •  Locate the contamination level on the y axis.

          •  The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
            emission rate.

For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.

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   BENZENE
CONCENTRATION
      IN
GROUNDWATER
    (mg/l)
                                     40        60

                                    PUMPING RATE (gpm)
80
                                                                     .2 Ib/hr
                                                                     .1 to/hr
                                                                    .05 fo/hr
                                                                    .01 to/hr
100
                                AIR STRIPPER/BENZENE
                            REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 99.99%

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                                         AIR STRIPPING
                                             (BENZENE)

To Estimate Emissions:

          •  What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?

                •  Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
                  efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).



          •  What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?

          •  What is the maximum concentration of benzene in the ground water (mg/l)?

          •  Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.

          •  Locate the contamination level on the y axis.

          •  The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
            emission rate.

For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.

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              15
              12
   BENZENE     9
CONCENTRATION
     IN
GROUNDWATER
    (mg/l)
                           20
  40         60
PUMPING RATE (gpm)
                                                                    .1 Ib/hr

                                                                    .05 Ib/hr
                                                                    .01 Ib/hr
100
                               AIR STRIPPER/BENZENE
                           REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 95.00%

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                                         AIR STRIPPING
                                             (BENZENE)

To Estimate Emissions:

          •  What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?

                •  Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
                  efficiency (99.99%, 95%, or 85%).



          •  What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?

          •  What is the maximum concentration of benzene in the ground water (mg/1)?

          •  Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.

          •  Locate the contamination level on the y axis.

          •  The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
            emission rate.

For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum LIST Cleanups. Section 4.0.

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               15.
   BENZENE
CONCENTRATION
     IN
 GROUNDWATER
    (mg/l)
                           20
  40        60

PUMPING RATE (gpm)
                                                        80
                                                                 <= .5 Ib/hr
                                                                   .4 Ib/hr
                               AIR STRIPPER/BENZENE
                            REMOVAL EFFICIENCY = 85.00%
                                         10

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                                         AIR STRIPPING
                                             (BENZENE)
To Estimate Emissions:
          •  What is the removal efficiency of the air stripping system?
                •  Turn to the chart that corresponds to the system's removal
                  efficiency (99.99%. 95%. or 85%).

          •  What is the pumping rate in gallons per minute?
          •  What is the maximum concentration of benzene in the ground water (mg/l)?
          •  Locate the pumping rate on the x axis.
          •  Locate the contamination level on the y axis.
          •  The intersection of these two points will fall on or near a curve having a specific
            emission rate.
For additional information, see Estimating Air Emissions from Petroleum UST Cleanups. Section 4.0.
                                                                                                          10

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