&EPA
New England Office
Center for
Environmen tat
Industry &
Technology
TECHNOVATION
VOLUME 2000 - 2
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE Inside
Taking the Lead in Verification
Why Verify Innovative Environmental Technologies?
Innovative technologies are necessary to
close the gap between our environmen-
tal goals and our ability to meet them.
Numerous environmental problems re-
main unsolved while the cost of environ-
mental protection remains high for small
communities and businesses. In addi-
tion, innovative technologies assist one
of America's major industries - environ-
mental technology - to grow and take
advantage of U.S. and foreign markets.
Unfortunately, innovation has moved
slowly due to regulatory and institutional
barriers that tend to "lock in" existing
technologies and thereby increase the risk
of using newer technologies. For ex-
ample, consultants and regulators tend
to be averse to taking risks because of
legal and financial vulnerability if a new
technology does not work as claimed.
Both of these factors are due, in part, to
a lack of credible information on tech-
nology performance.
Technology verification can help com-
panies overcome these barriers by:
Providing objective, credible
performance data to buyers;
Facilitating permitting at state and
local levels;
Reducing the risk for financial
investors;
Providing a level playing field
among competitors; and
Facilitating export of American
products.
Over the past several years, govern-
ment has responded to these problems
by establishing programs designed to
verify technology performance. One of
the earliest federal programs is EPA's
Superfund Innovative Technology Evalu-
ation (SITE) Program. More recently,
EPA created the Environmental Technol-
ogy Verification (ETV) Program. Other
federal agencies such as the Department
of Defense and the Department of En-
ergy have also established verification
programs to facilitate cleanup of their
sites. On the state level, verification pro-
grams have been established in Massa-
chusetts, California, New Jersey and
Washington.
This edition of TECHNOVATION
features an overview of EPA's Environ-
mental Technology Program and show-
cases ETV-verified technologies from
New England-based companies. It also
provides information on two regional
programs - the Northeast Waste Man-
agement Officials' Association
(NEWMOA) Technology Review Com-
mittee and the Massachusetts Strategic
Environmental Partnership (STEP).
Further information on some of the other
verification programs mentioned can be
found on the EPA New England's Cen-
ter for Environmental Industry and Tech-
nology web site (http://www.epa.gov/
regionO 1/steward/ceit).
Table of Contents
Environmental Technology
Verification Program 2
New England Interstate ETV
Outreach Program 3
NITON XL Spectrum
Analyzer 4
Dexsil L2000
PCB/Chloride Analyzer 5
EnviroLogix PCB
in Soil Tube Assay 6
Strategic Diagnostic Inc.
Immunoassay Test Systems 7
ONSI GPU and
PC25 200 kW Fuel Cell 9
Perkin-Elmer Voyager 10
NEWMOA Technology Review
Committee 1 1
The Massachusetts Strategic
Environmental Partnership 12
About CEIT 13
Environmental Technology
Verification Program Pilot
Managers 14
-------
Environmental Technology Verification Program
The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has instituted the Environmen-
tal Technology Verification Program
(ETV) under the management of the
Office of Research and Development.
The goal of ETV is to verify the per-
formance characteristics of commercial-
ready environmental technologies
through the evaluation of objective and
quality-assured data. For many years,
Through ETV, technology
buyers and developers,
consulting engineers, states, EPA
Regions, financiers, and the inter-
national community are supplied
with high quality, objective data
through an independent and cred-
ible assessment of the perfor-
mance of new technologies.
EPA has evaluated environmental tech-
nologies through the Superfund Inno-
vative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Program to determine their effective-
ness in preventing, controlling, clean-
ing up, and monitoring pollution. ETV
expands and systematizes these efforts
through verification of technical solu-
tions to problems threatening human
health and the environment across all
media and environmental programs.
Through ETV, technology buyers and
developers, consulting engineers, states,
EPA Regions, financiers, and the inter-
national community are supplied with
high quality, objective data through an
independent and credible assessment of
the performance of new technologies.
ETV utilizes the expertise of part-
ner "verification organizations" to de-
sign and execute efficient processes for
conducting performance tests of inno-
vative technologies. These partners,
from both the public and private sec-
tors, oversee and report verification ac-
tivities based on testing and quality as-
surance protocols developed with input
from all major stakeholder groups as-
sociated with the technology area. Fol-
lowing verification testing, EPA issues
the Verification Statement outlining the
major performance characteristics of
the technology and the Verification
Report containing details of the test-
ing method and procedures, and the re-
sults.
EPA has established 12 ETV tech-
nology verification pilot programs cov-
ering a broad range of environmental
areas which include:
Drinking Water Systems
Site Characterization and Moni-
toring Technologies
Pollution Prevention, Recycling
and Waste Treatment Systems
Pollution Prevention through
Improved Coatings and Coating
Equipment
Indoor Air Products
The EvTEC Program, an inde-
pendent pilot operated by the
Civil Engineering Research
Foundation
Source Water Protection
Greenhouse Gas Technology
Pollution Prevention in the Metal
Finishing Industry
Advanced Monitoring Systems
Air Pollution Prevention and
Control Technologies
Wet Weather Flow
To date, ETV has verified the per-
formance of 66 environmental tech-
nologies. Approximately 98 others are
now in process and 202 applications for
verification are pending. While verifi-
cation costs will vary with the technolo-
gies to be tested, the tests conducted
early in the pilot program may be par-
tially funded by the government
through its verification partners. In
depth information about all of the pi-
lots, including the names and affilia-
tions of stakeholder group members,
protocols, and generic test plans, is
available on the ETV web site at http:/
/www.epa.gov/etv.
The ETVoice is a list server that pro-
vides subscribers with up-to-date com-
munication of critical information and
key highlights of the ETV program. If
you are interested in subscribing to
ETVoice, you may do so at the ETV
WebSite. If you do not have Internet
access, you may send an e-mail mes-
sage to:
listserver@unixmail.rtpnc.epa.gov.
Leave the subject line empty and in the
body of the message type "subscribe
ETVoice First name Last name." Send
the e-mail with no further text in the
body of the message.
See the back cover for a list of ETV
Program Pilot Managers.
For more information:
Sarah Bauer
ETV Outreach Coordinator
EPA Headquarters
Mail Code 8301 D
Ariel Rios Building
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, D.C. 20460
202-564-3267
-------
New England Interstate ETV Outreach Program
The objective of the program
is to develop appropriate
marketing strategies for se-
lected ETV pilot programs to
facilitate acceptance of the
verified data within the re-
gion.
While the goal of the Environmental
Technology Verification (ETV) Program
is to verify performance characteristics
of commercial-ready technology, the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA)
recognizes that verification in itself will
not move better,
cheaper, faster tech-
nologies into the
marketplace. Signifi-
cant barriers still ex-
ist as a result of the
lack of information
and regulatory ac-
ceptance of verified
data by state and lo-
cal regulators. Simi-
lar barriers also im-
pact private sector users of technology
such as the consulting engineering com-
munity.
In an effort to overcome these barri-
ers, EPA, EPA-New England's Center for
Environmental Industry and Technology
(EPA-NE/CEIT), and the six New En-
gland states, through the New England
Governors' Conference, Inc. (NEGC),
are cooperating in a New England ETV
Outreach Program. The objective of the
program is to develop appropriate mar-
keting strategies for selected ETV pilot
programs to facilitate acceptance of the
verified data within the region. Because
these pilots are in various stages of ac-
tivity, the program takes a two-pronged
approach. For the earlier funded pilots,
the focus of the work will be to help re-
cruit vendors for participation and dis-
seminate verification
results to facilitate
region-wide accep-
tance. For the later
funded pilots, the fo-
cus will be on identi-
fying their marketing
needs for New En-
gland as well as re-
cruit vendors and
disseminate results.
The New England
ETV Outreach Program is designed to:
Ensure that information and data
generated by the ETV pilots serve the
needs of state and local permitters; and
Develop strategies for getting the
information directly to these permitters
and industry users in ways that will in-
crease their comfort level in more readily
accepting verified data.
Through this outreach program, the
New England states will be assured to
have their technology needs met by
ETV pilots in both developing protocols
and organizing/conducting technology
demonstrations. This program will pro-
vide an opportunity for New
England-based technology companies
to get their products verified early result-
ing in less cost to them as well as earlier
market penetration.
For more information:
Carol Kilbride
U.S. EPA Region 1
1 Congress Street
Suite HOO(SPI)
Boston, MA 02114
1-800-575-2348 or
617-918-1783
kilbride.carol@epa.gov
OR
For more information:
John Shea
New England Governors'
Conference Inc.
76 Summer Street
Boston, MA 02110-1226
617-423-6900
61 7-423-7327 (FAX)
negc@tiac.net
Amy Dindal, Technical Director,
inspects one of more than 2300
prepared samples.
(Photo taken at technology
demonstration of PCB field analytical
techniques conducted at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory)
-------
2000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE
NITON XL Spectrum Analyzer
"NITON is a strong proponent of the
ETV program," says Dr. Donald Sackett,
Vice President of Sales and Marketing
for NITON Corporation. "A mechanism
for EPA to rapidly assess and publish per-
formance character-
istics of new tech-
nologies has been
long overdue and is
desperately needed
to stimulate private
sector research into
innovative technolo-
gies. The ETV pro-
gram is to be com-
mended for fulfilling
this need."
According to
Sackett, the single
most powerful ben-
efit provided by the
ETV program was
the performance
analysis. He states,
"Because this data is
generated by EPA
and an EPA-sanc-
tioned contractor, it
is viewed as highly
credible." He reports
that the performance data has been key
to NITON's sales of instrumentation to
EPA field offices, state environmental
agencies and consulting firms with large
site assessment or remediation contracts.
He estimates that about $500,000 in
sales would have been delayed or lost
completely had NITON not been able
to participate in the ETV program.
'Ripple effect' sales from referrals and
successes from the above sales would also
not have occurred.
ETV demonstration of the NITON
XL Spectrum Analyzer was conducted in
NITON XL Spectrum Analyzer
April 1995. Two sites were used for this
demonstration: RV Hopkins and the
ASARCO Tacoma Smelter. RV Hopkins
is an active steel drum recycling facility
and the site of a former battery recycling
operation located in
Davenport, Iowa.
The ASARCO site is
a former copper and
lead smelter located
in Tacoma, Wash-
ington. The samples
analyzed during this
demonstration,
were evenly distrib-
uted between three
distinct soil textures:
sand, loam and clay.
In addition, four
sample preparation
steps were evalu-
ated.
NITON XL
Spectrum Analyzer
is a hand-held in-
strument weighing
less than three
pounds which can
be battery-powered
up to eight hours. It
can be equipped with up to three differ-
ent radioisotopes depending on what el-
ements are required for analysis. It uses
a high- resolution PiN diode detector
(<300 eV FWHM at 5.95 keV) for the
analysis of metals in soil using relatively
short count times (60 seconds). The XL
Spectrum Analyzer can conduct in situ
measurements or measure prepared
samples in cups. The cost of the ana-
lyzer ranges between $14,000 and
$50,000 depending on the number of ap-
plications and number of radioisotopes.
It can also be leased or rented starting at
$2,500 per month or $1,000 week.
The NITON XL Spectrum Analyzer
was originally designed to produce quan-
titative data for lead in painted surfaces.
The demonstration found that it could
also provide quantitative data for metals
contamination in soil. The demonstra-
tion also found that the analyzer was gen-
erally simple to operate in the field and
that the operator required no specialized
experience or training. However, own-
ership and operation of the analyzer may
require specific licensing by state nuclear
regulatory agencies.
The Verification Statement reports
that the NITON XL Spectrum Analyzer
is an effective tool for field use and can
provide rapid, real-time analysis of the
metals content of soil samples at hazard-
ous waste sites. The analyzer can quickly
identify contaminated areas allowing in-
vestigation or remediation decisions to
be made more efficiently on-site, and thus
reduce the number of samples that need
to be submitted for confirmatory
analysis.
For more information:
Don Sackett
NITON Corporation
90 Middlesex Turnpike,
Building 8
Billerica, MA 01 821
978-670-7460
1-800-875-1578
email: sales@niton.com
Notice: EPA verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined
criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA makes no expressed or implied warranties as to
the performance of the technology and does not certify that a technology will always, under circumstances
other than those tested, operate at the levels verified. The end user is solely responsible for complying with any
and all applicable Federal, State, and Local requirements.
-------
2000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE
Dexsil L2000 PCB/Chloride Analyzer
The Dexsil L2000 PCB/Chloride Ana-
lyzer is a field-portable instrument de-
signed to quantify polychlorinated biphe-
nyl (PCB) concentration in soils, dielec-
tric fluids, and surface wipes. Its dimen-
sions are 8"x8"x4.5" and it weighs ap-
proximately 3.5 Ibs. The L2000 utilizes
a chloride-specific electrode to determine
the amount of chlorine in a sample after
the sample has been digested to covert
the bound chlorine into ionic chloride.
The L2000 detects the total chloride con-
tent of the sample and then electronically
converts total chloride content to PCB
concentration in units of parts per mil-
lion (ppm). The L2000 provides no in-
formation on Aroclor identification.
In July 1997, the performance of the
L2000 PCB/Chloride Analyzer was de-
termined under field conditions. The
demonstration was designed to detect
and measure PCBs in soil and solvent ex-
tracts. The study was conducted out-
doors and in a controlled environmental
chamber. Multiple soil types, collected
from sites in Ohio, Kentucky and Ten-
nessee, were analyzed in this study. So-
lutions of PCBs were also analyzed to
simulated extracted surface wipe samples.
The demonstration found that the
L2000 was simple to operate in the field
and required minimal training to oper-
ate. The overall performance was char-
acterized as consistently biased but pre-
cise. After correction for bias, the re-
sulting L2000 method detection limit
agrees with Dexsil's specified method
detection limit of two ppm. The Verifi-
cation Statement states that the results
of the demonstration show that the
L2000 PCB/Chloride Analyzer can pro-
vide useful cost-effective data for envi-
ronmental problem-solving and decision
making. Undoubtedly, it will be em-
ployed in a variety of applications, rang-
ing from serving as a complement to data
generated in a fixed analytical laboratory
to generating data that will stand alone
Dexsil team completes their last set of soil samples and begins analyzing the
surface wipe extracts. (Photo taken at technology demonstration of PCB field
analytical techniques conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory).
in the decision making process.
According to Jack Mahon of Dexsil
Corporation, ETV gave his company the
opportunity to evaluate and compare its
new product with the competition's in a
supervised environment and with impar-
tial referees. "We found this to be a very
efficient way to have our technology
looked at by EPA, our competition, and
our potential customers," says Mahon.
"ETV confirmed our own studies as to
the effectiveness of our product for the
marketplace."
Dexsil Corporation has recently an-
nounced the introduction of the L2000
DX, an improved model of the L2000
PCB/Chloride Analyzer. The new L2000
DX is all digital with stored methods to
analyze for most PCB Aroclors, chlori-
nated compounds such as chlorinated or-
ganic solvents, pesticides, and herbicides
in four different matrixes. The new fea-
tures incorporated in the L2000 DX are:
All digital
Battery-powered for field use
40 character thermal printer
110 volt or 220 volt line power
charger
Custom programing
Backlit 2x16 LCD Display
28 programmed methods for
chlorinated compounds
Use in four matrixes: water, soil,
transformer oil, surface wipes
For more information:
Jack Mahon
Dexsil Corporation
One Hamden Park Drive
Hamden, CT06517
203-288-3509
-------
2000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE
EnviroLogix PCB in Soil Tube Assay
EnviroLogix found the ETV
program to be very well orga-
nized. "Clear information on
every step leading up to the ac-
tual running of the samples at
Oak Ridge was easily available,"
says Jonathan Matt of
EnviroLogix. "The organization
and interpretation of the final
data were clearly explained."
Jonathan also remarked that the
company could not afford to
produce the amount of gas chro-
matograph correlation data pro-
vided by the ETV program on
its own. The company sends po-
tential customers to ETV's web
site as a quick, painless way for
the customers to compare
EnviroLogix's products with the
competition's without any bias.
EnviroLogix's PCB in Soil Tube As-
say is an immunoassay kit used to deter-
mine PCB concentrations as interval re-
sults. The test kit
uses competitive
binding enzyme im-
munoassay to per-
form rapid testing
for PCBs in soils
and solutions
Jonathan Matt of Envirologix begins analyzing his first
set ofPCB-contaminated soil samples. (Photo taken at
technology demonstration of PCB field analytical
techniques conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.)
at
specified threshold
values of 1, 10 and
50 ppm. The test kit
is standardized us-
ing Aroclor 1254.
The presence of PCBs is detected by a
photometer based on a colored reaction
in which the color development is in-
versely proportional to the concentration
of PCB in the sample (e.g., the darker
the color, the less analyte PCB is present
in the sample). The kit provides no in-
formation on Aroclor identification.
In September 1998, EnviroLogix's
PCB in Soil Tube Assay was evaluated.
The demonstration was designed to de-
tect and measure polychlorinated biphe-
EnviroLogix sends potential
customers to ETV's web site
as a quick, painless way for
the customers to compare
EnviroLogix's products with
the competition's without any
bias.
nyls (PCBs) in soil and solvent extracts.
The study was conducted under two en-
vironmental conditions. The first site was
outdoors, with naturally fluctuating tem-
peratures and relative humidity condi-
tions. The second
site was inside a
controlled environ-
mental chamber,
with generally
cooler temperatures
and lower relative
humidities. Mul-
tiple soil types, col-
lected from sites in
Ohio, Kentucky and
Tennessee
of the PE replicate results were
not reported as the same in-
terval. It should be noted that
almost all of the imprecision
occurred when the concentra-
tion of the sample was near
one of the test kit's threshold
values (i.e., 1, 10 or 50 ppm).
The test kit had no false posi-
tive results (i.e., a result in
which the technology detects
PCBs in the sample above the
detection limit when there ac-
tually are no PCBs present),
and 4% of the soil sample re-
sults were false negatives (i.e.,
the technology indicates that
there are no PCBs present in
the sample, when there actu-
ally are). For extract samples, the test kit
had no false positive or false negative re-
sults.
The ETV report states that the results
of the demonstration show that the PCB
in Soil Assay can provide useful cost-ef-
fective data for environmental problem-
solving and decision making. Undoubt-
edly, it will be employed in a variety of
applications, ranging from serving as a
complement to data generated in a fixed
analytical laboratory to generating data
that will stand alone in the decision mak-
ing process.
, were
in this
analyzed
study. Solutions of PCBs were also ana-
lyzed to simulate extracted surface wipe
samples.
The demonstration found that the
PCB in Soil Tube Assay was simple to
operate in the field, requiring about an
hour for initial setup and preparation for
sample analysis. The performance of the
test kit was characterized as unbiased, be-
cause most of the PCB in Soil Tube As-
say results agreed with the certified PE
values, but imprecise, because nearly half
For more information:
Jonathan Matt
EnviroLogix, Inc.
55 Industrial Way
Portland, ME 04103
207-797-0300
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2000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE
Strategic Diagnostic Inc. Immunoassay Test Systems
In July 1997, ETV testing was performed
on three of Strategic Diagnostic, Inc.'s
(SDI) polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
field analytical test kits: D TECH,
EnviroGard and RaPID Assay System.
The demonstration was designed to de-
tect and measure PCBs in soil and sol-
vent extracts. The study was conducted
under outdoor and in a controlled envi-
ronmental chamber. Multiple soil types,
collected from sites in Ohio, Kentucky,
and Tennessee, were
analyzed in this study.
Solutions of PCBs
were also analyzed to
simulated extracted
surface wipe samples.
According Tim
Lawruk of Strategic
Diagnostic, Inc. the
benefits of the ETV
Program in the tech-
nology area include:
Direct controlled comparison of
innovative technology with estab-
lished, approved methods (i.e.,
immunoassay vs. lab methods);
Comparison of technology perfor-
mance vs. the competition's so that
customers can make well-informed
decisions; and,
aid in fulfilling the requirement of
Performance Based Method
Selection (PBMS).
"A customer can make well-informed
decisions on the appropriate innovative
technology," says Lawruk. "Our web sites
link to the Verification Documents which
serve as marketing literature, i.e., case
studies." He also noted regulatory ben-
efits of the program including EPA/DOE
position in promoting innovative tech-
nology to the entire regulatory commu-
nity.
D TECH PCB Test Kit
The D TECH PCB test kit is designed
to provide quick, semi-quantitative test
results for making environmental deci-
sions. The D TECH kit utilizes immu-
"A customer can make
well-informed decisions on
the appropriate innovative
technology"
Tim Lawruk
Strategic Diagnostic, Inc.
noassay technology to detect trace
amounts of PCBs in environmental
samples. This test specifically:
Detects Aroclors 1254, 1260, and
1262 equally;
Reacts well with Aroclors 1242,
1248 and 1268;
Reacts moderately with Aroclors
1232 and 1016; and,
Shows little reactivity to
Aroclorl221.
The test is calibrated for Aroclor 1254
and has conversions
for Aroclors 1242 and
1248. The D TECH
PCB test kit uses latex
particles as the solid
support component of
the assay. With this im-
munoassay system, an-
tibodies are immobi-
lized on the thousands
of latex particles that
are free to interact and react with the
sample solution. An added enzyme con-
jugate produces a color change reaction
that can be detected and measured. The
darker the color, the less analyte PCB is
present in the sample. Measurement of
the test result can be completed instru-
mentally with a reflectance meter or vi-
sually with the included color card. The
D TECH kit provides no information on
Aroclor identification.
The demonstration found that the D
TECH kit was simple to operate in the
field, requiring about an hour for initial
setup and preparation for sample analy-
sis. The overall performance of the D
TECH PCB test kit was characterized as
biased, with approximately 50% of the
D TECH results agreeing with the ac-
cepted values, and imprecise, with less
than 50% replicate sample results.
EnviroGard PCB Test Kit
The EnviroGard PCB test kit is an
SDI team analyzes PCB-contaminated soil samples using their Rapid-Assay System
for PCB Analyses. The environmental chamber is being used to simulate weather
conditions at a site that has 25% relative humidity and a temperature of55ฐF.
(Photo taken at technology demonstration of PCB field analytical techniques
conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
-------
2000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE
Strategic Diagnostic Inc. Immunoassay Test Systems, continuedfr<
immunoassay kit used to determine
PCB concentrations as interval threshold
values. The kit uses a competitive bind-
ing enzyme immunoassay to perform
rapid interval testing for PCBs in soils
and solution at specified action level of
1, 5, 10 and 50 parts per million. The
test kit is standardized using Aroclor
1248, but it can also
detect Aroclors
1016, 1242, 1254
and 1260. The pres-
ence of PCBs is de-
tected by a photom-
eter based on a col-
ored reaction in
which the color de-
velopment is in-
versely proportional
to the concentration
of PCB in the sample
(e.g., the darker the
color, the less analyte
PCB is present in the
sample). The
EnviroGard kit pro-
vides no information
on Aroclor identifi-
cation.
The demonstra-
tion found that the EnviroGard kit was
simple to operate in the field, requiring
about an hour for initial setup and prepa-
ration for sample analysis. The overall
performance of the EnviroGard PCB test
kit was characterized as biased and im-
precise about 50% of the time; however,
the kit generated no false positive or false
negative results for soil samples. Dr. Gary
Foley Director of National Exposure Re-
search Laboratory, Office of Research and
Development, noted that there was in-
creased likelihood that results would be
biased high as a result of the false posi-
tive bias that the manufacturer has in-
corporated into the calculation of results.
Field application ofSDI
immunoassay test kits.
RaPID Assay System for PCB
Analysis:
The RaPID Assay System applies
the principles of enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay to the determina-
tion of PCBs providing quantitative or
semi-quantitative data. The sample to be
tested is added,
along with an en-
zyme conjugate, to
a disposable test
tube, followed by
paramagnetic par-
ticles coated with
PCB-specific anti-
bodies. The analyte
PCB (which may be
in the sample) and
the labeled PCB
compete for the an-
tibody binding sites
and bind in propor-
tion to their original
concentration. The
presence of PCBs is
detected by adding
a colored reaction.
Because the labeled
PCB (enzyme con-
jugate) is in compe-
tition with the analyte PCBs (in the
sample) for the antibody sites, the color
development is inversely proportional to
the concentration of PCB in the sample
(e.g., the darker the color, the less analyte
PCB is present in the sample).
For more information
contact the corporate office:
Tim Lawruk
Strategic Diagnostic, Inc.
1 1 1 Pencader Drive
Newark, DE 19702
(302) 456-6789
(800)544-8881
web: www.sdix.com
email: tlawruk@sdix.com
7
The demonstration found that the
RaPID Assay system was light, easily
transportable and rugged, requiring
about one hour for initial setup and
preparation for sample analysis. No site
effects (i.e., differences in performance
due to environmental conditions) were
observed in terms of the accuracy of the
measurements; however, the significant
(but comparable to the best case preci-
sion of the reference laboratory) site ef-
fect for precision should be considered
when using this technology. Overall, the
performance of the RaPID Assay System
was characterized as slightly biased and
precise, under a given set of environmen-
tal conditions.
The Verification Statements for the D
TECH, EnviroGard and RaPID Assay
Systems report that the results of the
demonstrations show that the kits can
provide useful, cost-effective data for en-
vironmental problem-solving and deci-
sion-making. Undoubtedly, they will be
employed in a variety of applications,
ranging from serving as a complement
to data generated in a fixed analytical
laboratory to generating data that will
stand alone in the decision making pro-
cess.
SDI is a winner of EPA-New
England's 2nd Annual Environmental
Technology Innovator Award for its im-
munoassay-based test kits.
Or contact the New England
representative:
Jacqueline Daitch
Strategic Diagnostic, Inc.
132 Great Road
Suite 200
Stowe, MA 01 775
978-897-6125
email: jdaitch@sdix.com
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2000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE
ONSI GPU and PC25 200 kW Fuel Cell
For several years, ONSI Corporation, a
subsidiary of United Technologies, has
employed the commercially available
phosphoric acid fuel cell (PC25) to
generate electricity
from natural gas.
However, the fuel
cell unit can also be
used at municipal
solid waste landfills
to convert landfill
gas into electric
power. This applica-
tion requires a
supplemental gas
treatment unit
(GPU) to remove sulfur and halide com-
pounds present in the landfill gas (LFG).
The GPU was designed and tested in co-
operation with EPAs Office of Research
and Development. The combined GPU
and PC25 Fuel Cell system provides a
means for utilizing landfill gas, thus, re-
ducing methane emissions and other air
pollutants.
The design of the GPU is dictated by
the gas purity requirements of the fuel
cell, and the composition and physical
properties of the incoming LFG. The
cleaned waste gas is then converted into
electric power for on-site use or distri-
bution to an electric grid. In the GPU,
hydrogen sulfide is first removed via ad-
sorption on an activated carbon bed,
which is used to catalyze the conversion
of H2S into elemental sulfur. Additional
water, heavy hydrocarbons, sulfides and
other contaminants are removed through
the removal system consisting of a low
temperature cooler, carbon bed, dryer
bed, and particulate filter. A heat ex-
changer is used to ensure the gas tem-
perature meets fuel cell inlet require-
ments.
The PC25 fuel cell consists of a fuel
processing system, an electrical conver-
sion system, and a thermal management
system. In the fuel processing section,
treated LFG is converted to hydrogen
The combined GPU and
PC 2 5 Fuel Cell system pro-
vides a means for utilizing
landfill gas, thus, reducing
methane emissions and other
air pollutants.
and carbon dioxide for introduction into
the fuel cell stack. The fuel treatment pro-
cess consists of a low temperature fuel
preprocessor which removes the residual
contaminants from
the treated gas, a
fuel reformer and a
low temperature
shift converter
where the exhaust
from the reformer is
further processed.
The hydrogen from
the process fuel
stream is then com-
bined electrochemi-
cally with oxygen from the air to pro-
duce electricity in the fuel cell stacks. The
DC current produced is converted into
AC in a power-conditioning package.
The PC25 is designed to produce 200
kW of electric power from natural gas.
With LFG, the PC25 unit generates
less power due to the
lower heating value of
LFG.
Although the
PC25 200 kW fuel
cell system has been
used on natural gas,
the ETV was the first
application on LFG
with the new GPU
system. Therefore,
tests were conducted
to verify the performance of a combined
GPU and PC25 fuel cell system oper-
ating on LFG. These tests were con-
ducted at the Penrose facility in Los An-
geles, California and at the Groton Land-
fill in Connecticut where the LFG flow
rates, composition, heating value and
contaminant levels are representative of
the U.S. landfill population.
The Verification Statement reports
that the results of these tests satisfy the
requirements set forth in the testing plan
for the GPU and the fuel cell system. The
GPU functioned according to its design
"ETV-verification has helped
with getting an additional
sale of another fuel cell at a
landfill in Massachusetts."
John Trocciola
ONSI Corporation
specification purifying LFG to a level,
which was more suitable for fuel cell use.
The fuel cell produced power with no
forced outages and provided consistently
low secondary emissions. Any outages
were the result of gas supply issues. The
electricity produced at both sites were
connected to a local grid system and sold
to utility companies.
The test verified that the cleanup sys-
tem is capable of reducing total halogen
and total sulfur levels to less than three
ppmv, which are the minimum levels re-
quired to operate the fuel cell. The GPU
flare met emission requirements for sul-
fur, volatile organic compounds and other
hazardous pollutants and exceeded the
minimum operating requirement. The
overall cell efficiency was 37.1-38.0 per-
cent and the adjusted availability of the
cell was more than 96 percent at both
sites.
John Trocciola of
ONSI states, "ETV-
verification has
helped with getting
an additional sale of
another fuel cell at a
landfill in Massachu-
setts." Under the
sponsorship of EPA,
a simplified version
of the GPU was suc-
cessfully tested at a
wastewater treat-
ment facility in conjunction with a PC-
25. This successful test resulted in the
sale and installation of four additional
PC-25s at wastewater treatment facilities
in the U.S.
For more information:
John Trocciola
ONSI Corporation
195 Governors Highway
South Windsor, CT 06074
860-727-2388
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2000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION SHOWCASE
Perkin - Elmer Voyager
The Voyager is a field-portable gas chro-
matograph (GC) and is the fourth gen-
eration in the evolutionary design of
field-portable GCs from the Photovac di-
vision of Perkin-Elmer. Gas chromatog-
raphy with photo ionization detection
and electron capture detection is a proven
analytical technology that has been used
in environmental laboratories for many
years. The gas chromatographic column
separates the sample into individual com-
ponents. Compounds are identified by
matching column retention time of
sample components run under controlled
temperature conditions to those of stan-
dard mixtures run under similar condi-
tions. Quantification is achieved by com-
paring the detector response intensity of
the sample component with the standard.
A portable GC is a versatile technique
that can be used to provide rapid screen-
ing data or routine monitoring of
groundwater samples. In many GC sys-
tems, the instrument configuration can
Perkin-Elmer's
Field-portable Voyager
be quickly changed to accommodate dif-
ferent sample matrices such as soil, soil
gas, water or air. As with all field ana-
lytical studies, it may
be necessary to send
a portion of the
samples to an inde-
pendent laboratory
for confirmatory
analyses.
"Our participation in the
ETV Program has provided
verification of the
Voyager's specifications
and helped speed up
acceptance of the Voyager
Portable GC for field
quantification ofVOCs."
Peter Ebersold
Perkin-Elmer Photovac
The Voyager in-
cludes an on-board
processor and is en-
capsulated in a
weather-resist ant
case. The instrument
incorporates three
columns and dual de-
tectors to achieve
broadened analytical capabilities, a high-
sensitivity photoionization detector, and
a miniature electron capture detector. The
GC unit weighs about 15 pounds. The
units can be easily transported, and op-
erated in the rear compartment of a
minivan. The instrument utilizes an equi-
librium headspace technique for the
analysis of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in water. Sample processing and
analysis can be accomplished by a chemi-
cal technician with one day training;
however, instrument method develop-
ment and initial calibration may require
additional experience and training.
The field demonstration of the Voy-
ager portable GC was held in Septem-
ber 1997. The demonstration was de-
signed to assess the instrument's ability
to detect and measure chlorinated VOCs
in groundwater at two contaminated
sites: the Department of Energy's Savan-
nah River Site and the McClellan Air
Force Base. Groundwater samples for
each site were supplemented with per-
formance evaluation samples of known
composition.
The sample throughput was one to
three samples per hour. This rate includes
the periodic analysis of blanks and cali-
bration check samples. The results of the
demonstration revealed that sample han-
dling methodologies
may have adversely af-
fected the observed
precision and accuracy
of the instrument.
Perkin-Elmer
Photovac has devel-
oped an improved
field method for
sample preparation
and handling that in-
cludes the use of an in-
ternal standard. The
new method is ex-
pected to improve in-
strument precision
and accuracy. The Verification Statement
states that the Voyager may be suitable
for both field screening and routine analy-
sis applications.
According to Peter Ebersold of Perkin-
Elmer Photovac, the ETV Program has
brought credibility to the technology in
the eyes of regulators. He states, "Field
technology has long been accepted as a
screening tool, but only recently has it
begun to be accepted as a replacement
for lab analysis. Our participation in the
ETV Program has provided verification
of the Voyager's specifications and helped
speed up acceptance of the Voyager Por-
table GC for field quantification of
VOCs." In addition, he says, "The pub-
licity surrounding the ETV program has
proven to be an effective tool for bring-
ing attention to our product."
For more information:
Peter Ebersold
Perkin-Elmer Photovac
50 Danbury Road
Wilton, CT 06897
203-761-2616
10
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NEWMOA Technology Review Committee
Several groups in New England recog-
nized the need for a regional effort to
overcome regulatory and institutional
barriers to the acceptance of innovative
technologies, which have the potential
to cleanup and protect the environment
and public's health in a more cost-effec-
tive and efficient manner. As a result, in
March 1998, the six New England States,
EPA Region I - New England, the North-
east Waste Management Officials' Asso-
ciation (NEWMOA) and the New En-
gland Governors' Conference signed a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) to
promote interstate regulatory coopera-
tion for waste site assessment and cleanup
technologies.
NEWMOA subsequently established
a Technology Review Committee (TRC)
to address the lack of an interstate fo-
rum in the Northeast to actively review
technologies and communicate both pri-
vate and public sector use of innovative
technologies. The TRC is made up of
one or more staff members from each of
the New England states and New York
who coordinate state review, issue advi-
sory opinions and disseminate informa-
tion on the use of innovative technolo-
gies. The TRC has issued advisory opin-
ions on Immunoassay Field Analysis and
X-Ray Fluorescence Field Analysis. The
advisory opinions can be viewed in their
entirety on CEIT's web page (http://
www.epa.gov/regionO 1/steward/ceit)
and NEWMOA's web page (http://
www.newmoa.org).
Overview of the Advisory
Opinion on Immunoassay Field
Analysis
On May 24, 1999, the TRC issued an
advisory opinion on Immunoassay Field
Analysis. Immunoassay test kits have
been developed to be specific to indi-
vidual compounds or compound groups.
Some kits are designed to yield qualita-
tive results (e.g. the contaminant is or is
not present), some provide semi-quanti-
tative results (e.g. the contaminant is
above, below or between two specified
levels) and others produce quantitative
results with low detection limits. Com-
bined with simple field sample prepara-
tion techniques, immunoassay technol-
ogy can be used to analyze many differ-
ent types of environmental matrices, in-
cluding water, soil, surface (wipes), sedi-
ment, sludge, compost and concrete.
As an overview, the Advisory Opin-
ion states that the primary advantage of
immunoassay analysis is that analytical
results can be generated in real-time.
This allows decision-making in the field
regarding the need for additional sam-
pling or further remediation (provided
that proper data validation procedures are
followed). It strongly urges potential
users of immunoassay to consult U.S.
EPA Region I's Immunoassay Guidelines
for Planning Environmental Projects (Oc-
tober 1996) and with kit vendors prior
to planning the field effort. The guide-
lines can be obtained at http://
www.epa.gov/regionO 1/measure/ia/
iaguide.html or by calling 617-918-
1783. Immunoassay technology has
been used for site characterization or
cleanup monitoring at over 40 Superfund
sites, including several Department of
Defense (DOD) and Department of
Energy (DOE) facilities. In addition, sev-
eral Northeast states have successfully
used immunoassay technology during
site characterization and/or remediation,
including Maine, Massachusetts, New
York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The
New York State Department of Environ-
mental Conservation's Division of Envi-
ronmental Remediation has issued Qual-
ity Assurance Guidelines for Using Immu-
noassay Field Screening, which can be ob-
tained by calling 518-457-9280. The
Advisory Opinion also includes 10 rec-
ommendations for improving or insur-
ing product performance.
Overview of the Advisory Opinion
on X-Ray Fluorescence Field Analy-
sis
On September 21, 1999, the TRC is-
sued an advisory opinion on X-Ray Fluo-
rescence Field (XRF) Analysis. XRF is
a nondestructive analytical technique
used to determine the metals composi-
tion of samples, primarily soils. XRF
can also be used to determine the met-
als concentration in water or air. The
primary advantage of XRF analysis over
laboratory analysis is that analytical re-
sults can be generated in real-time which
allows decision-making in the field re-
garding the need for additional sampling
or further remediation (provided that
proper data validation procedures are
followed). Another advantage of XRF
analysis over standard laboratory analy-
sis is that the procedure does not involve
altering the soil sample (other than mix-
ing and possibly grinding) so no inves-
tigation derived wastes are generated as
they are when extraction with solvent or
acid is performed.
XRF technology has been used for site
characterization or cleanup monitoring
at more than 35 Superfund sites, includ-
ing several Department of Defense
(DOD) and Department of Energy
(DOE) facilities. U.S. EPA Region I
has used XRF technology at several sites
in New England and has published Stan-
dard Operating Procedure for Elemental
Analysis Using the X-MET 920 Field X-
Kay Fluorescence Analyzer in October
1996. The guidelines can be obtained at
http://www.epa.gov/regionO 1/mea-
sure/xray/xrayfluor.html or by calling
617-918-1783. In addition, several
Northeast states have successfully used
XRF technology during site character-
ization and/or remediation, including
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
York and Vermont. Potential users of
XRF technology are strongly urged to
consult U.S. EPA Region I's standard
operating procedure and technology ven-
dors prior to planning the field effort.
The Advisory Opinion provides six rec-
ommendations for improving or insur-
ing product performance.
See box at right for more information on
NEWMOA Technology Review
Committee.
-------
The Massachusetts Strategic Environmental Partnership
Recognizing the importance of its en-
vironmental industry, Massachusetts
launched the Strategic Environmental
Partnership (STEP), a unique collabo-
rative effort between the Executive Of-
fice of Environmental Affairs (EOEA)
and the University of Massachusetts
(UMass) System. Through the STEP
initiative, EOEA and UMass work to-
gether as partners to facilitate the de-
velopment and use of innovative en-
vironmental and energy-efficient tech-
nologies. STEP offers a broad array
of services:
Business Support
The STEP Program helps emerging
companies refine their business plans,
target niche markets for their prod-
ucts, and identify potential sources of
financing.
Regulatory and Permitting
Assistance
Through regulatory reviews, STEP
agencies help entrepreneurs identify
the regulations that apply to their new
technologies and to their potential cus-
tomers' businesses. In addition, the
Massachusetts Department of Envi-
ronmental Protection provides expe-
dited reviews of permit applications
to help STEP technologies reach the
marketplace sooner.
Technology Assessment
STEP's business and technology as-
sessments are designed to verify cost,
performance, and potential markets,
and to evaluate the company's man-
agement and business model.
Technology Demonstration
STEP provides opportunities to dem-
onstrate, evaluate and improve the ca-
pabilities of technologies at state -
owned properties.
Technology Transfer
The STEP program is committed to
promoting the acceptance of innova-
tive environmental technologies in
other states and in the global market-
place. Toward this end, Massachusetts
and five other states - California, Illi-
nois, New Jersey, New York and Penn-
sylvania - established the Six State Part-
nership for Environmental Technology.
For more information:
Jenny Braun-Friedman
STEP Associate
617-626-1052
jenny.braun-
friedman@state.ma.us
For more information on the NEWMOA Technology Review Committee:
In Connecticut:
Christine Lacas
Department of Environmental
Protection
860-424-3766
In Maine:
Mark Hyland
Department of Environmental
Protection
207-287-7673
In Massachusetts:
Dorothy Allen
Department of Environmental
Protection
617-292-5795
In New Hampshire:
Robert Minicucci
Department of Environmental Services
603-271-2941
In New York:
James Harrington
Department of Environmental
Conservation
518-457-0337
In Rhode Island:
Laurie Grandchamp or Paul Kulpa
Department of Environmental
Management
401-222-2797
In Vermont:
Richard Spiese
Department of Environmental
Conservation
802-241-3888
At NEWMOA:
Jennifer Griffith
NEWMOA
617-367-8558, ext. 303
At EPA Region I:
Carol Kilbride
U.S. EPA
617-918-1831
or l-800-575-CEIT(2348)
12
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cw of Prog
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of
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focuses
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rocuses
ifi_ o slopes
development
t-o dissiis who nu
host d
Verifier
j and
Issues lathn
iL;e. atrd
srate
EPA's Center for Environmental In-
dustry and Technology (CEIT) is mov-
ing forward with our mission to pro-
mote New England's environmental
technologies. We have embarked on
numerous programs and projects de-
signed to sustain the strength of the en-
vironmental industry, make it easier to
commercialize new technologies, pro-
vide more flexibility for environmental
technologies buyers and reduce costs for
the regulated community. The CEIT
acts as a point of contact for the envi-
ronmental industry, technology devel-
opers, investors and other interested
stakeholders, providing an ombudsman
service for those seeking assistance on
the development of new technologies.
The following are highlights of our
services:
About CEIT
Golden Opportunity Series
Through this series, participants learn
about technology transfer; assistance
and verification opportunities; and, fi-
nancing opportunities.
Technology Trade Shows
Technology Trade Shows showcase new
and innovative technologies. Trade
shows for 2000 are focused on erosion
and sediment control technologies and
ETV-verified monitoring technologies.
Technovation
CEIT's technical bulletin highlights
promising technologies developed by
New England companies.
Ombudsman Hotline
The CEIT offers assistance, informa-
tion, and referrals on a wide range of
federal and state programs to the in-
dustry through its Ombudsman
Hotline: 1-800-575-CEIT.
CEIT HomePage
A visit to our Home page at
www.epa.gov/regionO 1/steward/ceit
will give you up-to-date information on
business opportunities, upcoming
events, and links to other websites of
interest to the envirotech industry.
EnvirotechNews
CEIT's monthly listserve, Envirotech
News, contains information on upcom-
ing events, business opportunities and
technology opportunities.
If you would like to know more about
CEIT services or events, please call
1-800-575-CEIT (2348) or 617-
918-1783.
13
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Environmental Technology Verification Program Pilot Managers
ETV Program Coordination
Penelope Hansen,
Tina Maragousis Conley, Sarah
BauerEnvironmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
202-564-3211
Drinking Water Systems
Jeff Adams, EPA
513-569-7835
Bruce Bartley, National Science
Foundation (NSF)
1-800-673-6275
Site Characterization and
Monitoring Technologies
Eric Koglin, EPA
702-798-2432
Roger Jenkins, Oak Ridge
423-576-8594
Wayne Einfeld, Sandia National
Laboratories (SNL)
505-845-8314
Pollution Prevention (P2),
Recycling and Waste Treatment
Systems
Norma Lewis, EPA
513-569-7665
Tony Luan, California EPA 91 6-
322-3670
P2 Innovative Coatings and
Coating Equipment
Michael Kosusko, EPA
919-541-2734
Brian Schweitzer, Concurrent
Technologies Corp. (CTC)
814-269-2772
Indoor Air Products
Les Sparks, EPA
919-541-2458
David Ensor, Research Triangle
Institute (RTI)
919-541-6735
EvTEC
Norma Lewis, EPA
513-569-7665
William Kirksey, Civil
Engineering Research
Foundation (CERF)
202-842-0555
Source Water Protection
Technologies
Ray Frederick, EPA
732-321-6627
Tom Stevens, NSF
734-769-5347
Greenhouse Gas Technology
Dave Kirchgessner, EPA
919-541-4021
Stephen Piccot, Southern
Research Institute (SRI)
919-403-0282
P2 Metal Finishing Technologies
Alva Edwards Daniels, EPA
513-569-7693
Jim Voytko, CTC
727-549-7006
Advanced Monitoring Systems
Robert Fuerst, EPA
919-541-2220
Karen Riggs, Battelle
614-424-7379
Air Pollution Control Technology
Ted Brna, EPA
919-541-2683
Jack Farmer, RTI
919-541-6909
Wet Weather Flow Technologies
Mary Stinson, EPA
732-321-6683
John Schenk, NSF
734-913-5719
For additional information, visit our Web site at http://www.epa.gov/region01 /steward/ceit/
ฎEPA
New England Office
EPA New England
1 Congress Street Suite 1 1 00 (SPI)
Boston, MA 02114-2023
Canter tor
Envlronmantaf
Industry A
Technology
FIRST CLASS MAIL
POSTAGE AND FEES
PAID
EPA
PERMIT NO. G-35
14
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