NaturalGasC
                                                     EPA POLLUTION
OnbiT
npl/IMeHeHI/m
OT napTHepOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR
                                                                               .**!^%
l«B,
 s«x
rs
 LLI
 O
REPLACING WET SEALS WITH DRY SEALS IN
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

3AMEHA BJlA>KHblX YnilOTHMTEJlEM HA CYXME B
UEHTPOBE>KHblX KOMF1PECCOPAX

AHHOTAMMfl

L(eHTpo6e>KHbie KOMnpeccopu UJMPOKO McnojibsytOTCH npn floBbine n ipaHcnopinpOBKe npupoflHoro rasa. CanbHUKOBbie
Ha Bpamatomnxca eanax npeflOTepamatOT yienKM npupoflHoro rasa, nax.oppin,erocfl nofl BHCOKMM ASBJienMeM, us Kopnyca
KOMnpeccopa. Tpa,qm4MOHHO B ynnoTHmenax B KaneciBe Bapbepa, nperpa>Kflaiomero yienKy rasa, ncnonbsOBanocb Macno,
HameiaeMoe nofl BHCOKMM flaaneHneM. FlapiHepbi nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR o6Hapy>KMnM, HTO saMena STMX "Bna>KHbix"
        ynnoTHmeneM na cyxne SHanmenbHO CHM>KaeT SMMCCMK) Meiana n 3KcnnyaTaL4MOHHbie pacxoflbi.
      Meiana nepes Bna>KHbie ynnoTHmenn oBbNHO MSMeHsqeicsq OT 40 flo 200 dpyj.3/MV\n. (OT 1,13 pp 5,6 MS/MMH.). Bonbiuasq
nacTb BbiBpocoB npuxoflMTca na BpeMa ocBo6o>KfleHMsq L4HpKynnpyK)mero Macna OT rasa, aBcopBupOBaHHoro nofl BHCOKUM
flaBneHneM Ha noBepXHOCTM ynnoTHMTeneM. Cyxne ynnoTHMTenn, ncnonbsytomne ras BbicoKoro flaBneHna pf\n repMeTnsaL4MM
KOMnpeccopOB, nponycKatOT MeHbiue MeTana (flo 6 <$yj.3/Mwn. (0,16 MS/MMH.)), MMSIOT Bonee HMSKOS 3HepronoTpe6neHne, ynyniuaiOT
paBoTy n acfDctDeKTMBHOCTb 3KcnnyaTaL4nn KOMnpeccopOB n TpyBonpOBOflOB, noBbiiuaiOT H3fle>KHOCTb KOMnpeccopa n TpeBytOT
         MeHbiuero oBteMa TexHunecKoro o6cny>KMBaHMsq.
    cyxne ynnoTHMTenn H6BO3MO>KHO ycTaHOBMTb na HeKOTOpux KOMnpeccopax BBMfly KOHCTpyKL4MM Kopnyca nnn 3KcnnyaTai4MOHHbix
        , napTHepu flon>KHbi OTflasaTb npeflnoHTehne cyxnM ynnoTHMTen^M nepefl "Bna>KHbiMM" BCHKMM pas npn saMene nnn
yCT3HOBKe L46HTpo6e>KHblX KOMnpeCCOpOB T3M, Tfl6 3TO BO3MO>KHO. CyXM6 ynnOTHMTejIM MOryT oBeCneHMTb 3KOHOMMK) flO $135 000 B
rofl n OKynnTbca sa 14 MecflLieB. OflMH us napTHepOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR, ycTaHOBUBiuMM cyxow ynnoTHMTenb Ha
          KOMnpeccop, cooBmaeT 06 yMeHbiueHMM cyTOHHOM SMMCCMM Ha 97 npou,eHTOB, T.e. OT 75 pp 2 THC. dpyj.3 (OT 2 123 M3
MCTOHHMK 3MMCCMM
Bna>KHbie (MacnaHbie)
ynnoTHMTenn
EneM
norepflHHoro rasa,
Tbic.4)yr.3 (TBIC. M3)
45 1201
Merofl coKpameHnn
norepb rasa
VcTaHOBKa cyxnx
ynnoTHMTenei/i
CrOMMOCTb
coxpaHeHHoro rasa,
$/rofl
240 000
CTOMMOCTb
BbinojiHeHnn pa6or,
$/rofl
1353602
OicynaeMOCTb
14 Mecai48B
flO 56,6 M3) M 3KOHOMMM nOHTM $80 000 B TOfl H3 OflHOM raS6.

1 OcHoeaHO Ha pa3HHL(e Me>Kfly TMnoBbiMM HopiwaMM npoBerpMBaHMa Bna>KHbix M cyxMX ynnoTHMTeneii (i.e.100 cfiyT.3/MMH. (2,8 M3/MMH.) B cpaBHeHMM c 6 cfiyT.3/MMH.
(0,1 M3/MMH.) Ha "6anoHHOM" rune KOMnpeccopa, paGoraioinero 8 000 HacoB/roA.

2 CTOMMOCTB rasa = $3/Tbic. cfiyT.3 ($1067 Tbic. M3)

3 OCHOBBHO na aaMene nonnocTbio cfiyHKLtMOHMpyioinMX Bna>KHbix ynnoTHMTeneii npw AonoriHMTenbHOM cnn>KeHMM aaTpaT na TO B paaMepe $73 000.
 HacToamni/i flOKyMem - oflMH us OTHeios cepnn "Onbii npnivieHeHMfl", paspa6oTaHHOi/i EPA B coipyflHUHecTse c
 rasosoi/i oipacnbK) B pawiKax npoeKios nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR.

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OnucaHne
TexHonoruM
                              BnawHbie
L|eHTpo6e>KHbiwi Kowinpeccopawi Heo6xoflnwibi ynnoiHeHUfl BOKpyr
sana flna npefloispameHMfl yieKflowi KOHue Kowinpeccopa, B TO spewifl K3K Kowinpeccopbi "HasecHoro" inna
MwieioT TonbKO oflun, "BHyipeHHUi/i", canbHMK (co cioponbi flBuraienfl). KaK
noKasano na pnc.1,  a™ ynnoTHmenn ncnonbsyioT wiacno, uupKynnpyiomee nofl
BbicoKMM flasneHneivi wie>Kfly ipeivifl Konbuawin BOKpyr sana Kowinpeccopa,
cpopMnpya 6apbep arm yieHKM OKaioro rasa.  L|eHTpanbHoe Konbuo saKpenneno
Ha spamaiomeMCfl sany, B TO speivm KaK flsa Konbua c Ka>Kfloi/i cioponbi
npuKpennenbi CTaunonapHO K Kopnycy n npuxaibi TOHKOM nneHKOi/i wiacna,
npoieKaiomero wie>Kfly flsyivm Konbuawin, flna o6ecneKHbie ynnoTHnrenn
                               Kopnyc canbHHKoeoro
                                                         ynnoTHaromero Macna
                                  flBMrarenb M
                                 onopnaa cropoHa
                                 eana "
                                         YnnoTHaioinee Macno
                                          (HeaarpasHeHHoe)
                           YnnoTHaioinee Macno
                           (aarpasHeHHoe raaoiw)
                                                         YreHKa
                                                    TexHonorMHecKoro rasa
                                                     nepea "BHyrpeHHee"
                                                       na6npMHTHoe
                                                       ynnoTHeHMe
                                                                                  LUnMJieBOM Ban
                              Cyxne

                              MexaHnnecKne cyxne ynnoTHmenn asnaioTCfl anbiepHaiMBOi/i
                              sna>KHbiwi (wiacnflHbiwi) cuciewiawi canbHMKOBbix ynnoiHeHMi/i. flei/jcisne
                              cuciewi He ocHosano na uupKynflunn ynnoiHfliomero wiacna. Cyxne ynnoTHmenn
                              cpyHKUMOHMpyioT wiexaHnnecKM nofl sosflei/JCTBuewi npoTMBOflei/JCTByfomnx cun,
                              cosflasaewibix ruflpoflUHawiMHecKuwiM yrny6neHMflwin n ciaTMHecKuwi flasneHnewi.

                              KaK noKasano na puc. 2a n 2b, ruflpoflUHawiMHecKne yrny6neHMfl BbiipasneHbi na
                              nosepxHOCTM spamaiomerocfl Konbua, npuKpennennoro K sany Kowinpeccopa.
                              Korfla Kowinpeccop He Bpamaeica, CTaunoHapnoe Konbuo na nepeflHei/i nac™
                              Kopnyca npuxaio K spamaiomewiycfl  Konbuy npyxuHawin. Korfla san Kowinpeccopa

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spamaeica c BBICOKOM CKOpocibio, TO Arm OKaioro rasa ociaeicfl TOJIBKO
nyib flBuxeHMfl: BHMS no sany n flanee Me>Kfly spamaiommviMCfl n
         . 3ioT ras npoKaHUBaeica  Me>Kfly Koneu BbiewiKaiviM Ha
                     cunbi rasa BbicoKoro flasneHMfl, npoKaHnsaeivioro wie>Kfly
          n npy>KMHaiviM, nbiiaiommviMCfl BbiTonKHyib Konbua, Bwiecie cosflaioT
      TOHKMi/i sasop wie>Kfly KonbuaMM, Hepes Koiopbii/i Moxei npocaHMsaibCfl
nmub He6onbujoi/i o6teM rasa. Bo speivifl pa6oibi Kowinpeccopa Konbua He
KOHiaKinpyioT flpyr c flpyrowi n noaioiviy ne MSHaujMsaioTCfl n He ny>KflaK)TCfl B
civiasKe. ynnoTHmenbHbie Konbua repMeinsupyioT CTaunonapHbie Konbua B
Kopnyce canbHMKa.
                   PMC. 2 a. Cyxne ynnoTHnrenn
                                          TexHonorMHecKMM raa,
                   PMC. 2 b. Cyxne ynnoTHMrenn
         YTenKM
      TexHonorMHecKoro
     rasa nepea na6npHHT
       rasa Me>KAy
    KOJlbLtaMM
 npenarcTByer yreHKe
TexHonorMHecKoro rasa
ripy>KMHa
 craLtMOHapHoe
                                               KOJlbL(a

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                                        yciaHOBKa flByx nnn 6onee cyxnx ynnoTHMTenei/i, KBK noKasano Ha puc.
                              2 b, Hasbisaeicfl "flBoi/iHbiwi cyxnivi ynnoTHMTenewi" n flsnaeTCfl oneHb
                              acpcpeKTMBHbiwi wieTOflowi CHMxeHMfl yieHSK. TaKoi/i inn ynnoTHeHMfl nwieeT wieHee
                              1% yieneK, Koiopbie npn ycTaHosnem-ibix cucTewiax sna>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i
                                           B aiMoccpepy, n 6onee aKOHOwinneH B
SKOHOMMHeCKMe
M  3Kono
Bbiroflbi
Cyxne rasosbie ynnoTHmenn cymeciseHHO ywieHbiuaioT 3N\v\ccv\\o wieiaHa. B TO
>Ke cawioe speivm OHM SHanmenbHO cnnxaioT aKcnnyaiaunonHbie pacxoflbi n
            acpcpeKTMBHOcib pa6oibi Kowmpeccopa. 3KOHOMMHecKne n
              Bbiroflbi OT npuMenennfl cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i
cneflyiomee.
                               * MHieHCMBHOCTb yieHKM rasa. B leneHne HopwianbHoro nepnofla
                                 o6teM yieneK nepes Ka>Kflbii/i cyxoi/i ynnoTHmenb MSMeHfleica OT 0,5
                                 3 cpyi.^/MMH. (OT 0,01 flo 0,08 M^/MMH.) B sasucmvioc™ OT pasiviepa
                                 ynnoTHMTena n pa6oHero flasneHMfl. XOTH flaHHoe SHaneHne
                                 MHT6HCMBHOCTM yTSHSK Hep63 HOBepXHOCTM BJia>KHblX ynJIOTHMTenei/i, H3flO
                                 yHMTbisaTb, HTO npn ycTaHosneHHbix sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenax nponcxoflUT
                                 flononHMTenbHafl awinccufl OT flerasaunn uupKynnpyiomero wiacna. O6bNHO raa
                                 us wiacna BbinycKaeTca B aTivioccpepy, yflBansaa o6mni/i o6teM yTeneK nepea
                                 ynnoTHMTenn, n cocTasnaeT 40-200 cpyT.^/MMH. (1,1- 5,6 M-^/MMH.), B
                                             OT pasiviepa M pa6oHero flasneHMfl Kowinpeccopa.
                               * YnpomeHHOCTb MexaHnnecKoi/i KOHCTpyKunn. CucTeivibi cyxnx ynnoTHMTenei/i He
                                 Tpe6yK)T ycTanosKM cno>KHbix KowinoHeHTOB, o6ecneHMBaK)mMX uupKyrmumo
                                 wiacna, n ycTpoi/icTB no era o6pa6oTKe.

                               * CHMxeHne 3HepronoTpe6neHMfl. Bsufly Toro, HTO flna cyxnx ynnoTHMTenei/i He
                                 Tpe6yeTca flonoriHMTenbHbix nacocnbix cucTeivi flna uupKynflUMM wiacna, npn
                                 MX ycTanosKe HBT "no6oHHoro" o6opyflosaHMfl, noTpe6nflK)mero
                                 3neKTpo3HeprnK) n, cneflosaTenbHO, HST noTepb aneKTpoaHeprnn. CucTeivibi
                                 sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i noTpe6nflK)T OT 50 flo 100 KBTH aneKTpoaHeprnn, B TO
                                 speivifl K3K cucTeiviaM cyxnx ynnoTHMTenei/i flocTaTOHHO 5 KBTH.
                               * rioBbiiueHHafl HaflexHOCTb. Eojibiuafl nacTb npocToes Kowinpeccopa c
                                 sna>KHbiMM ynnoTHMTenflMM o6ycnoBneHa npo6neiviaMM B cucTeivie
                                 ynnoTHeHMi/i. CucTeivibi cyxnx ynnoTHMTenei/i mvieicrr wieHbiuee HMCJIO
                                 BcnoMoraTenbHbix ysnos, HTO n o6ecneKHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i, T3K K3K y HMX
                                 OTcyTCTsyioT noflBMWHbie fleTsnn, o6fl3aTenbHbie npn uupKynflunn wiacna
                                 (nanpuwiep, Hacocbi, KnanaHbi ynpasneHMfl, nepenycmbie KnanaHbi).

                                 McKnioHeHne yTeneK wiacna us sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i. Sawiena sna>KHbix
                                 ynnoTHMTenei/i Ha cyxne MCKnioHaeT yTeHKy ynnoTHfliomero wiacna B
                                 Tpy6onposofl n Tewi cawibiwi ne nponcxoflUT sarpasHeHMfl rasa n
                                             xapaKTepucTMK Tpy6onposofla.
                              O6bNHO npn paccwioTpeHMM sonpoca ycTaHOBKH cyxnx ynnoTHMTenei/i napTHepbi
                              nporpawiwibi CTanKusaioTCfl c Tpewia cneflytomnwin cuTyaunflwin: nonnafl sawiena
                              Kowinpeccopa; sawiena MSHOiueHHbix sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i Ha pa6oTaK>mewi
                              Kowinpeccope; sawiena sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i B pa6oHewi cocTOflHun Ha
                              pa6oTaK>mewi Kowinpeccope. OKono 90% HOBbix Kowinpeccopos ocnameHbi cyxnwin
                              ynnoTHMTenawin. flpn noKynKe HOBOTO Kowinpeccopa o6flsaTenbHO y6eflMTecb B
                                      cyxnx ynnoTHMTenei/i.

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flpn nposefleHMM aHannsa saivieHbi
Bna>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i Ha pa6oTaK>meM
Kowinpeccope c6epe>KeHMfl OT               Hei-bipe ayana no ycraHOBKe
            3MMCCMM flOJDKHbl              Cy™X y™°™MTe,,eM:
            Hapflfly c KanmajibMbiMH n     1- BbmaneHne KOMnpeccopoe-
3KcnjiyaTaunoHHbiMM saipaiaiviM n           KaHflnflaTOB Ana saivieHbi
nonynaeMbiMM Bbiroflawin. SKOHOMnnecKne   ynjio-m
noKasaienn saivieHbi sna>KHbix              2. OuemKHbix ynnoTHmenei/i Ha cyxne n pacneie
npn6bmn n saipai Ha flannbie
3ran 1: BbisqeneHne KOMnpeccopoe-KaHAHAaTOB pj\n saiuieHbi CMCTGM
           . Onepaiopbi flon>KHbi nponssec™ MHBeHTapusaumo n
       scex mviefomnxcfl KowinpeccopoB. Cneflyei yHMTbiBaib TaKMe noKasaienn,
K3K inn Kowinpeccopa, cocioflHue apiviaiypbi n pa6oHne ycnosufl. Bee
Kowinpeccopbi, pa6oTaK)mne Ha sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenax, flon>KHbi 6biib ynreHbi, n
MX cocioflHue oueneHO flna ocymecTsneHMfl sawienbi. flpn onpefleneHnn
KOMnpeccopoB-KaHflMflaioB Ha sawieny cneflyei yHMTbiBaib cneflyiomee:

 * Eesonacnafl yciaHOBKa cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i BO3MO>KHa Ha Kowinpeccopax,
   pa6oTaK)mnx npn flasneHnn 3 000 cpyni/flioi/iM2 (20,6 Mfla); o6bNHbii/i pexmvi -
   1 500 cpyHT/flKMM2 (10,3 Mlla). OflnaKO cyxne ynnoTHmenn wioryi 6biib
   He6esonacHbi npn 6onee BbicoKOM flasneHnn. Heflonycimvio npmvieHeHne
   cyxnx ynnoiHeHMi/i npn Tewinepaiypax Bbiiue 300-400 F (149-204'C) (ns-sa
   orpaHMHeHMi/i no Maiepnany nsroTOBneHMfl ynnoTHmenbHbix Koneu)1.
   HeKoiopbie MOflenn KowinpeccopoB He flonycKaioT nepeocHamenna na cyxne
   ynnoTHmenn.
 * HeKoiopbie ycTapesujne MOflenn Kowinpeccopos wioryi OKasaibca Ha npeflene
   csoero cpoKa SKcnnyaiaunn, n noaioiviy MX nyniue paccMaipMBaib B Kanecise
              na nonnyK) saivieny. flannoe peiueHne o6bNHO npuHmviaeicfl npn
                 ocHOBHoro KanmanbHoro pewioHia, Korfla npoeKinpyeivibie
   saipaibi Ha aKcnnyaiaumo n TO yciapeBiuero  KOMnpeccopa naiviHoro
   npesbiiuaioT noflo6nbie nsflepxKM Ha coflepxanne HOBOM ycianoBKH. Ha
          aiane nosoflOM K aioiviy Mowei nocnyxmb Heo>KMflaHHbii/i poci
           n o6teMOB HenpeflycMoipeHHoro TO, oicyicTBue sannaciei/i nnn
   TexHunecKoro nepcoHana.
L(eHTpo6e>KHbie KOMnpeccopbi, OTBeHaiomne Tpe6oBaHMflM 3mana 1, flon>KHbi
     paccMoipeHbi flanee no flpyrmvi
3ran 2: OueHKa SKOHOMMM npn ycraHOBKe cyxnx ynnoTHMTeneM.
aKOHOMMfl cpeflciB OT saivieHbi BnaxHbix ynnoTHMTenei/J Ha cyxne o6ycnoBneHa
coKpamenneivi noiepb ns-sa yieHKM Meiana. Ana oueHKM aKOHOwinn napinepbi
wioryi nponssecTM usiviepeHMfl noiepb Meiana us KOMnpeccopoB, ocHameHHbix
sna>KHbiMM ynnoTHmeriflMM, B wieciax BbinycKa rasa us yciaHOBOK flerasaunn
ynnoiHfliomero wiacna, Mcnonbsya wieiofl oi6opa B rasoc6opHbie


1John Stahley, Dresser-Rand Co.

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He6onbujoi/i o6teM rasa yneiyHMBaeTCfl nepes nosepxHocib ynnoTHmenfl n
cocTaBrmeT wienee 10% aMnccnn us yciaHOBKM flerasaunn ynnoiHfliomero wiacna,
HO era saiviep saipyqHeH. O6bNHbii/i o6teM yieneK nepes ysnawHem-ibie
ynnoTHmenn KowinpeccopoB 6anoHHoro KpenneHna usiviei-meTCfl OT 40 flo 200
Cpyi.3/MMH. (1,1- 5,6 M3/MMH.).

Ha PMC. 3 npusefleHO cpasHeHne npoeKinpyeivibix noiepb OT cucieivi cyxnx
ynnoTHMienei/i n Ta6nnua pa6oKHbix ynnoTHmenei/i Ha yciaHOBKy
cflsoeHHbix cyxnx ynnoTHMienei/i MOXST o6ecneKMBaHMa.

    MCTOHHMK: BW/IP International, Inc.,Seal Division. Durco International and BW/IP
    International, Inc. cei/inac ussecTHaa KBK FLOWSERVE Corporation.
flaHHbii/i npouecc npuMeHUM KO BCSM MOflenaM KOMnpeccopos. Menee
ncnonbsyeMbie HasecHbie KOMnpeccopbi MMeioT oflMH ynnoTHmenb, n era
saMemeHne Ha cyxoi/i inn flaei TonbKO nonosuHy aKOHOMUM, sosMOXHyio npn
nepeocHameHnn KOMnpeccopos "6anoHHoro" inna. KpoMe SKOHOMMM rasa cyxne
ynnoTHmenn o6ecneKHbix n cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i
paccMoipeHO B pa6oie Uptigrove n flp., 1987. Ha puc. 4 npusefleHbi morosbie
pacneibi flna KOMnpeccopos c fluaMeipoM iiJTOKa 7,5 flioi/iMOB (191 MM) n
3Kcnnya™pyeMbix 8 000 nacos B rofl.

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    PMC. 4: FoflOBan SKOHOMMH sarpar Ha TO KOMnpeccopa c
                      cyxMMM
  1.Cm/i>KeHMe noiepb MOIUHOCTM no ynnoTHmenaM = $13 900.

  2.CHM>KeHMe noiepb npn npOKanKe Macna/paSoie BeHTmiaiopa = $4 000.

  S.yBejiMHem/ie nponycmoi/i cnocoSHOCin ipySonpoeofla = $26 600.

  4.CHM>KeHMe noiepb Macna = $3 500.

  S.yMeHbUjem/ie BpeMem/i npocioa npi/i TO = $15 000.

  O6man 3KOHOMMH = $63 000.
 'S.O.Uptigrove n flp.
flpeflycMOTpeHHbie B pacneiax oco6eHHOCTM no ynacTKaivi
BKnionaioT: (1) noiepn OT ruflpoflUHaMMHecKoro conpoTusneHMfl sna>KHbix n cyxnx
ynnoTHmenei/i, (2) MomHocib Hacoca noflann ynnoiHfliomero wiacna n
seHTunflTopa oxna>KfleHMfl, (3) MomHocib KOMnpeccopa, (4) pacxofl
ynnoiHfliomero wiacna n (5) roflosbie saipaibi Ha asapm/iHbii/i n nnaHOBbii/i pewioHT.
3Tan 3: OnpeAenenne CTOMMOCTM nepeocHaiMeHnsq. CiomviocTb cucieivibi
cyxoro ynnoTHmenfl onpeflenaeicfl sennHMHOi/i pa6oKHbix ynnoTHMTenax n $8 000 - $10 000 na flioi/iM cucieivibi flsoi/iHoro cyxoro
ynnoTHMTena. 3™ nsflepxKM yflBansaioTCfl npn nepeocHameHnn Kowinpeccopos
"6anoKKM BKruonaioT pa6oibi no npoeKTHposaHMK), yciaHOBKe n
              BcnoMoraienbHoro o6opyqoBaHMfl. Cyxne ynnoTHmenn ipe6yK)T
        nynbia ynpasneHMfl noTOKawin rasa, cpunbTpaunoHHbix ycipoi/icTB n
annapaiypbi KOHipona, B TO speivifl, K3K flna sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i Heo6xoflMMbi
Hacocbi npoKaHKM ynnoTHfliomero wiacna, seHTunflTopbi oxna>KfleHMfl, yCTaHOBKM
          n KOHTpona. CTomviocTb cucTeivibi onpeflenaeTca oco6eHHOCTbK) wiecTa
            o6opyflosaHMfl n era Tuna, nacTOTOi/i KOHTpona n HannHneivi
KOMnoHeHTOB n sapbupyeTCfl B npeflenax $30 000 - $100 000 flna cyxnx
ynnoTHMTenei/i n $200 000 flna sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i. CTomviocTb
BcnoMoraTenbHoro o6opyflosaHMfl oflMHaKosa Ana Kowinpeccopos c oflMHapHbiM n
         ynnoTHMTeneM.
3Tan 4: Ananna sarpaT n npn6bmn. flpocToe cpasHeHne CTOMMOCTM
sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i KOMnpeccopa Ha cyxMe fleMOHCTpMpyeT HanMHMe
SoJIbUJOM 3KOHOMMM CpeflCTB 33 nflTMJieTHMM nepMOfl 3KCnnyaT3UMM. H3 pMC. 5
npMseflen npMMep H3 ocHose CTOMMOCTM 3manoe 2 M 3 Ana "63no
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  PMC. 5: CpaBHGHne CTOMMOCTM saivieHbi ynnoTHMTeneii
    KOMnpeccopa "6anoHHoro" runa co LUTOKOM 6 AKJMMOB
                            (152,4 MM)
                                            CyxoM
 Kareropusq sarpaT
yruioTHM-
^H ^H^H
CTOMMOCTb BbinojiHeHMH pa6oT1
CTOMMOCTb flsyx ynnoTHmenei/i (2 cyxnx npn
$10 OOO/LUTOK-fllOI/iM, C TeCTMpOBaHI/ieM)
CTOMMOCTb ynnoTHMTena (2 Bna>KHbix npn $5 000/uiTOK-
fllOMM)
flpyrne M3,qep>KKM (npoeKTi/ipOBam/ie, yciaHOBKa
oSopyflOBaHna)
O6maa CTOMMOCTb BbinonHem/ia paSoi
E>KeroflHoe TO3
foflosaa 3MMCCMH Meiana4 (npn $3/Tbic. dpyj.3 ($106/
Tbic. M3); 8 000 nac./rofl)
2 cyxnx ynnoTHmena npn o6mei/i SMMCCMM 6 c}3yT.3/MMH.
(0,17 M3/MMH.)
2 Bna>KHbix ynnoTHmena npn o6mei/i SMMCCMM 100
C}3yT.3/MMH. (2,8 M3/MMH.)
O6maa CTOMMOCTb sa 5 JIST, $
O6maa SKOHOMna no cyxi/iM ynnoTHMTenaM sa 5 JIST:
SKOHOMMH, $
CoKpameHne SMMCCMM MSTana (Tbic.cfiyT.3) (npn 45 120
Tbic.c}3yT.3/rofl (1278 Tbic.M3/rofl))
Bfl gy^Qg

120000

120000
240 000
10000
8640
333 200
818000
225 600


60000
O2
60000
73000
144000
1 145 000

1 . Flow Serve Corporation.
2. HoBTOpHoe ncnojibsOBaHne ynnoTHatomero Macna, flerasaitna, annapaTypa ynpasjieHMa.
3. I/Is puc. 4, npeflnonaraa Ty >KB CTOMMOCTb TO, KBK n npn LUTOKS 7,5 flioi/iMa.
4. Ha OCHOBS TunoBbix oSteiviOB npOBeTpi/iBam/ia.
B flaHHOM npniviepe cioniviocTb BbinormeHMfl pa6oi no yciaHOBKe cyxnx
ynnoTHmenei/i BKnionaeT ciomviocTb, K3K cawioro ynnoiHeHUfl, iaK n
cyxoro rasa flo ipe6yeMbix napawieipoB, MOHMTOPMHT npouecca n yciaHOBKy
nynbia ynpasneHMfl. flna sna>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i uupKynnpyiomee ynnoiHfliomee
wiacno, flerasaunfl n ycipoi/icTBa oxna>KfleHMfl ncnonbsyioTCfl nosiopHO n noaioiviy
      TonbKO ciomviocTb saivieHbi

-------
3KOHOMMM
3KOHOMMHecKne noKasaienn flaHHoro wieiofla xopoiuo unrnocipupyioTCfl B
npusefleHHOi/i Huxe Ta6nni4e noioKa flenewHbix cpeflcis sa rmTuneTHm/i nepnofl.
flpMBefleHHbii/i ana/ins yHMTbiBaei KanmanbHbie saipaibi, coKpaujeHne aMnccnn
wieiaHa, saipaibi Ha aKcnnyaiaunK) n TO, a TaioKe nuKBMflaunoHHyK) cioniviocTb
cucieivibi sna>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/J. Ba>KHO saMeimb, HTO noflo6Hbii/i aHanna
cneuncpuneH flna Ka>Kfloro KOHKpeiHoro cnynafl, HO aKOHOMnnecKne noKasaienn
saivienbi na cyxne cucieivibi ynnoTHmenei/i onenb npuBneKaTenbHbi flna KOMnanni/i,
n noaioiviy MM cneflyei nponssecTM sawieny scex sna>KHbix cucieivi ynnoTHmenei/i
HesasucMMO OT cpoKa  MX aKcnnyaiaunM. Ha puc. 6 a npeflCTasneHbi
aKOHOMnnecKne noKasaienn saivieHbi nonHocibio cpyHKUMOHMpyiomei/i cucieivibi
sna>KHoro ynnoTHMTena Ha cucieiviy cyxoro
                                    PMC. 6a: 3KOHOMMHecKne noKaaarenn saivieHbi nonHocTbto
                                                         McreMbi ena>KHoro ynnoTHnrenfl Ha
                                                    CMcreMy cyxoro
                               VcTaHOBKa cyxnx ynjiOTHmenei/i Ha KOMnpeccopu "SanoHHOro" inna co LUTOKOM 6 flioi/iMOB (152,4
                               MM) c HapaSoiKOi/i 8 000 nacoe B rofl npn nojiHOCTbio c^yHKMMOHMpyiOLUMX ana>KHbix ynnoTHmenax.
                                   CronMOCTb n aarparbi, $
                               KanmanbHbie saipaibi n saipaibi
                               na ycianoBKy cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i
                                                 SMMCCMM
                               Meiana1
                                       saipaibi Ha TO cyxnx
                               ynnoTHmenei/i
                                              CTOMMOCTb
                               Bna>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i
                               MCKJllOHeHHbie M3flSp>KKM H3 TO
                               Bna>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i
                               Myoro B
                              0 rofl    1 rofl    2 rofl    3 rofl    4 rofl
                             (240 000)
                              20000
                              73000
                             (220 000)
                                                                     135360
                                     (10000)
73000
198 360
                                             135360
        (10 000)
73000
198360
               135360
        (10 000)
73000
198360
                135360
        (10 000)
73000
198360
                135360
        (10 000)
73000
198360
                               NPV (Muciaa npusefleHHaa CTomviocTb)2=$531 940

                               IRR (BnyTpeHHflfl nopivia peHTa6enbHoc™ )=86%

                               flepnofl OKynaeMoc™3=14
                                       SKOHOMna npeflCTaBnena KBK pasnima noiepb rasa nepes nosbie cyxne
                                            Bna>KHbie ynnoTHmejin npn u,ene rasa $3/Tbic. $>yj.3 ($106/Tbic. M3).

                               2HncTaa npuBeflSHHaa cionMOCTb ocHOsaHa Ha ciasKe flucKOHia 10% na nepnofl 5 nei.

                               3flepnofl OKynaeMOCTM eapbupyeica OT 8 flo 24 MecaLtee npi/i oSteMax yieneK, xapaKiepHbix
                                   ena>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i B npeflenax 200 - 40 cf>yT.3/MMH. (5,6 -1,1 M3/MMH.).

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                                   Ha puc. 6 b npeflCTasneHbi aKOHOMnnecKne noKasaienn saivieHbi ciapbix sna>KHbix
                                   ynnoTHmenei/i, pa6oTaK)mnx Ha npeflene cpoKa aKcnnyaiauuM: nuKBUflaunoHHafl
                                   CTOMMOCTb paBH3 HyjIK) M TOflOBbie 33TpaTbl H3 TO CMCT6M BJia>KHblX
                                   ynnoTHmenei/i ysennHMBaioTCfl (Ha aioivi npniviepe flo $100 000 B rofl). flsa
                                   npusefleHHbix npniviepa noflTsep>KflaK)T, HTO saiviena sna>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i Ha
                                         MOK6T 6blTb 3KOHOMMHeCKM 3CpCpeKTMBHOI/i HesaBMCMMO OT CpOK3
                                                 n TexHunecKoro cocioaHUfl cucieivibi sna>KHoro ynnoTHmerm.
                                        PMC. 6b: SKOHOMnnecKne noKaaarenn saivieHbi ycTapeeujnx
                                    Bna>KHbix ynnoTHMTeneii Ha HoeyK) cucreMy cyxnx ynnoTHMreneii
                                    VcTaHOBKa cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i Ha KOMnpeccopbi "SanoHHOro" inna co LUTOKOM 6 flioi/iMOB (152,4
                                    MM.) c HapaSoiKOi/i 8 000 nacoe B rofl npn nojiHOdbio c^yHKMMOHMpyiOLUMX ana>KHbix ynnoTHmenax.
                                        CTOMMOCTb M 33TpaTbl, $
                                    KanmanbHbie saipaibi n saipaibi
                                    Ha ycianoBKy cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i
 0 rofl     1 rofl   2 rofl   3 rofl    4 rofl
(240 000)
                                                     SMMCCMM
                                                                          135360
                 135360
                135360
                135360
                135360
                                           saipaibi Ha TO cyxnx
                                    ynnoTHmenei/i
         (10 000)
        (10 000)
        (10 000)
        (10 000)
        (10 000)
                                                  CTOMMOCTb
                                    Bna>KHbix
                                                                  20000
                                    MCKJllOHeHHbie M3flSp>KKM H3 TO
                                    Bna>KHbix
         100000
        100000
        100000
        100000
        100000
                                    MTOro B
(220 000)
225 360
225 360
225 360
225 360
225 360
                                    NPV (Muciaa npusefleHHaa CTomviocTb)2=$614 292

                                    IRR (BHyipeHHflfl Hopwia peHTa6enbHOCTn)=90%

                                    flepnofl OKynaeMoc™3=13
                                          a SKOHOMMS npeflCTaBnena KBK pasnima noTepb rasa nepes HOBbie cyxne ynnoTHMTenn
                                                Bna>KHbie ynnoTHMTenn npn U,BHB rasa $3/Tbic. c}3yT.3 ($106/ Tbic. M3).
                                    2MncTaa npusefleHHaa CTOMMOCTb ocHOsaHa Ha CTaBKe flMCKOHTa 10% na nepnofl 5 JIST.
                                    3flepnofl OKynaeMOCTM KoneSneTca OT 8 flo 24 Mecsmee npn oSteMax yTeneK, xapaKTepnbix
                                    flna ena>KHbix ynnoTHMTenei/i B npeflenax 200 - 40 cf>yT.3/MMH. (5,6 -1,1 M3/MMH).
10

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flapiHepbi wioryi nonyHMTb SHaHMienbHyK) SKOHOMMK) cpeflcis M coKpaiMTb
3MMCCMK) wieiaHa, nepeocHaujaa KOMnpeccopbi Ha McnonbsosaHMe lexnonorMM
cyxMX ynnoTHMTenei/i. flapiHepbi nporpaMMbi wioryi npeflnoxMTb cneflyiomMe
peKOM6Hflau.MM no saiviene ynnoTHMTenei/i, ocnosanHbie Ha co6cTB6HHOM onbiie.
 * Cyxne ynnoTHmenn cnmaioTCfl 6onee 6e3onacHbiMM B pa6oie no
   C BJia>KHblMM, T3K K3K H6 Tpe6yK)T HaJIMHUfl MaCJIflHblX CMCT6M BblCOKOfO
 * flnfl noBbiweHMfl acpcpeKTMBHOcin npouecca nepeocHameHna Kowinpeccopos
   Ha cucieivibi cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i era cneflyei nnaHMposaib na nepnoflbi
   nnanoBoro OTKJiKHeHMfl, HTo6bi ncKnioHMTb nepepbis B pa6oie KOMnpeccopa.

 * flpn pacneie aKOHOMMM npn yciaHOBKe cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i napiHepaivi
   cneflyei ynmbiBaTb, HTO npasunbHO yciaHOBneHHbie n aKcnnyainpyeivibie
   cyxne ynnoTHmenn cnyxai B flsa pasa flonbiue, no cpasHeHMK) c sna>KHbiMM.
 * Ecnn cpoK cny>K6bi sna>KHoro ynnoTHmenfl Ha ncxofle, TO npaivioi/i ananna
   saipai no HOBbiM cucieiviaM ynnoTHmenei/i yKasbisaei Ha npeflnoHTmenbHyKi
   ycianoBKy cyxnx cucieivi. flaxe, ecnn cpoK cny>K6bi ncnonbsyeivioi/i cucieivibi
   sna>KHbix ynnoTHMienei/i ne ncieK, pa6oHne xapaKiepucTHKM cyxnx cucieivi
   ynnoTHMienei/i o6ecneHaT SHanmenbHyK) aKOHOMMK) cpeflcis n onpasflaioT
 * flpn flBHOi/i 3KOHOMMHecKoi/i npuBneKaienbHOCTM cucieivi cyxnx ynnoTHMienei/i
   MX yciaHOBKy cneflyei nponssoflmb Tawi, rfle 310 TexHMHecKM BOSMO>KHO.

 * Ha flaHHbii/i MowieHT 90% HOBbix KOMnpeccopoB ocnameHbi cucieiviaMM cyxnx
   ynnoTHMienei/i. TexHonornio cyxnx ynnoTHmenei/i cneflyei paccMaipMBaib K3K
   sapnaHT flnfl scex HOBbix innos KOMnpeccopoB.
 * flocne saivieHbi sna>KHbix ynnoTHmenei/i Ha cyxne Heo6xoflmvio
   perncipuposaTb coKpamenne aMnccnn n BKnionaTb flannbie B exeroflHbie
          no nporpaivnvie Natural Gas STAR.
                                                                       11

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                                  Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Options for Reducing Methane and
                                  VOC Emissions from Upstream Oil and Gas Operations.  December 1993.
                                  Henderson, Carolyn. U.S. EPA Natural Gas STAR Program. Personal contact.
                                  Hesje, R.C. and R.A. Peterson. Mechanical Dry Seal Applied to Pipeline (Natural
                                  Gas) Centrifugal Compressors. American Society of Mechanical Engineering. Gas
                                  Turbine Conference and Exhibition. June 1984.
                                  Kennedy, J.L. Oil and Gas Pipeline Fundamentals, Second Edition. Penn Well
                                  Books. 1993.
                                  Klosek, Marty. Flowserve Corporation. Bridgeport, New Jersey. Personal contact.
                                  Ronsky, N.Daryl; Harris.T.A.; Conquergood, C.Peter; and Davies, I.An Effective
                                  System for Sealing Toxic Gases in Centrifugal Compressors. American Society of
                                  Mechanical Engineers  Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. June 1987.
                                  Sears, John. Personal  contact.
                                  Stahley, John. Dresser-Rand Company .Olean, New York. Personal contact.
                                  Tingley, Kevin. U.S. EPA Natural Gas STAR Program. Personal  contact.
                                  Uptigrove, S.O.; Harris.T.A.; and Holzner, D.O. Economic Justification of Magnetic
                                  Bearings and Mechanical Dry Seals for Centrifugal Compressors. American Soci-
                                  ety of Mechanical  Engineers Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. June 1987.
12

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x>EPA
    United States
    Environmental Protection Agency
    Air and Radiation (6202J)
    1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
    Washington, DC 20460

    EPA430-B-03-012

-------