001281 0323 SGPP
EPA Region 10
EPA910-R-04-003
•% United States
^ Environmental Protection
•' Agency
.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This Guidance for Preparing Tribal Emergency Response Plans is an updated version of
the Model Emergency Operation Plan for Natural and Technological Disasters. Both
documents were prepared by the Region 10 Emergency Response Unit of the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This guidance document is designed to
assist tribes in developing emergency response plans to address oil and hazardous
materials spills; natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and fires; and other types of
emergencies.
For more information, please contact:
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10
Office of Environmental Cleanup
Emergency Response Unit
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101-1128
Telephone: (206) 553-1200
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PREFACE
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 10 began work on the
Model Emergency Operation Plan for Natural and Technological Disasters in June 1997.
This updated document, renamed the Guidance for Preparing Tribal Emergency
Response Plans, is intended as a tool for resource managers of federally recognized
tribes within EPA Region 10 for developing and implementing their own emergency
response plans (ERPs). EPA Region 10 includes the tribes in the states of Alaska, Idaho,
Oregon, and Washington. Currently, there are ERPs for several tribal communities in
EPA Region 10; however, most of the tribes rely on existing local, county, and borough
ERPs and resources.
The vast numbers of tribes in EPA Region 10 are subject to numerous types of potential
hazards. These potential hazards include earthquakes, fires, floods, heavy snowfall or
avalanches, oil spills, hazardous materials spills, dilapidated dams, industrial activities,
and transportation corridors. The goal of this guidance document is to describe the types
of information to be included in a comprehensive (i.e., all hazards) ERP for the Native
American and Alaska Native tribes located in EPA Region 10. This guidance provides a
detailed template for a plan and references for existing plans or other guidance
documents that can assist tribes in preparing an ERP. Upon reviewing this ERP
guidance, individual tribes will be able to incorporate their own ideas and insights into
the ERP, and will be able to modify the suggested ERP template to best fit their unique
needs and regional environments.
Funding for tribal emergency response planning may be available through grants
provided by EPA; the United States Department of Transportation (DOT); and the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), a former independent agency that
became part of the new Department of Homeland Security in March 2003. To qualify for
these grants, tribes must identify significant hazard potentials. Some examples of
significant hazard potentials may include transportation corridors, United States
Department of Defense (DoD) facilities, chemical or hazardous waste storage facilities,
and sensitive or sacred environmental areas.
To aid in the planning process and to maximize the availability of emergency response
resources, EPA Region 10 recommends that tribes seek membership in existing Local
Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs). LEPCs usually require mutual aid
agreements, in which the tribe must recognize its responsibility to support other
government agencies, and to receive their support, if and when conditions warrant and
resources are available. EPA Region 10 also recommends that individual tribes
formulate their plans to follow similar existing local and state formats. This will enhance
coordination with local and state responding agencies or organizations in the event of a
natural or technological disaster.
This ERP guidance promotes the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) in order to
coordinate efforts by local, state, tribal, federal, and responsible parties. The ICS is a
flexible system in which the magnitude and complexity of an emergency dictates the size
Date Updated: 10/15/2004 iii
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and organization of the command structure. The ICS provides a consistent, systematic
means of organizing agencies and responders into one concerted effort, enabling the
objectives of each agency or organization to be met. Additional information regarding
the ICS is included in Section 2.9, "Emergency Response Organization and
Management."
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ADEC
AS
BIA
CEC
CEMP
CERCLA
CFR
CHEMTREC
CHLOREP
CP
DEQ
DHS
DHS&EM
DoD
DOT
EAS
ECC
EHS
EMI
EOC
EOF
EPA
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Alaska Statutes
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Community Emergency Coordinator
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act
Code of Federal Regulations
Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
Chlorine Emergency Plan
Command Post
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
United States Department of Homeland Security
Alaska Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management
Department of Defense
United States Department of Transportation
Emergency Alert System
Emergency Coordination Center
Extremely Hazardous Substance
Emergency Management Institute
Emergency Operations Center
Emergency Operations Plan
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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EPCRA
ERP
ERT
FEMA
FOSC
HAZMAT
HAZWOPER
HMRT
1C
ICS
IEMS
IMT
ISERC
JIC
LEPC
LEPD
MSDS
N/A
NFIRS
NFPA
NIMS
NOAA
NRC
Emergency Preparedness and Community Right to Know Act
Emergency Response Plan
Emergency Response Team
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Federal On-Scene Coordinator
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
Hazardous Materials Response Team
Incident Commander
Incident Command System
Idaho Emergency Medical Services
Incident Management Team
Idaho State Emergency Response Commission
Joint Information Center
Local Emergency Planning Committee
Local Emergency Planning District
Material Safety Data Sheets
Not Applicable
National Fire Incident Report System
National Fire Protection Association
National Incident Management System
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Response Center
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
VI
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NRP
NRT
NSF
OERS
OPA
ORS
OSC
OSHA
PIO
PPE
PSTN
RCRA
RCW
RRT
SARA
SERC
SOPs
SOSC
TEC
TERC
TPQ
USAGE
use
National Response Plan
National Response Team
National Strike Force
Oregon Emergency Response System
Oil Pollution Act
Oregon Revised Statutes
On-Scene Coordinator
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Public Information Officer
Personal Protective Equipment
Pesticide Safety Team Network
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Revised Code of Washington
Regional Response Team
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
State Emergency Response Commission
Standard Operating Procedures
State On-Scene Coordinator
Tribal Emergency Coordinator
Tribal Emergency Response Committee
Threshold Planning Quantity
United States Army Corps of Engineers
United States Code
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
vn
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USCG United States Coast Guard
USFA United States Fire Administration
USGS United States Geological Survey
Date Updated: 10/15/2004 viii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT I
PREFACE Ill
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS V
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCIES AND REGULATIONS 1
1.2 LEVELS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE 4
1.3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING 6
1.4 USING THIS GUIDANCE 7
2. GUIDANCE ON DEVELOPING THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 9
2.1 PRELIMINARY MATERIAL 9
2.1.1 Table of Contents 9
2.1.2 Abbreviations 9
2.2 PLAN PROMULGATION, REVIEW, AND DISTRIBUTION 9
2.2.1 Promulgation 10
2.2.2 Legal Authority 10
2.2.3 Record of Review and Revision 11
2.2.4 Distribution List. 11
2.3 BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW 11
2.3.1 Purpose 11
2.3.2 Emergency Management Policies and Priorities 12
2.3.3 Community Profile 13
2.3.4 Relationships to Other Plans 13
2.4 RESOURCES 14
2.4.1 Local Resources 14
2.4.2 Additional Resources from Outside Agencies/Organizations 15
2.5 EMERGENCY TELEPHONE DIRECTORY 15
2.6 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS 16
2.7 HAZARD ANALYSIS 16
2.8 RESPONSE ACTIONS 17
2.9 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 18
2.9.1 Incident Command System 18
2.9.2 Incident Management Team 21
2.9.3 Supporting Facilities 21
2.9.4 Direction and Control 22
2.9.5 Communications 24
2.9.6 Documentation 24
2.10 WARNING, EVACUATION, AND SHELTERING 25
2.10.1 Warning Systems 25
2.10.2 Evacuation 25
2.10.3 Sheltering 27
2.11 DISASTER DECLARATION AND REPORTING 27
2.12 POST-INCIDENT ACTION 28
2.13 PLAN TESTING AND UPDATING 29
2.13.1 Emergency Response Training and Exercises 29
2.13.2 Post-Exercise Review 29
3. SUPPORTING INFORMATION 30
3.1 FUNCTIONAL ANNEXES 30
3.2 APPENDICES 30
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1. INTRODUCTION
The tribal government has the responsibility for protecting life, property, and
environment threatened by natural or technological (manmade) disasters. Tribal
emergency responders provide services such as rescue and medical treatment of the
injured, evacuation of persons at risk, initial isolation of an area, and identification of
hazard. Tribal responders also notify other local, state, tribal, and federal agencies per
applicable laws, regulations, and plans. The tribal emergency response plan (ERP)
provides a decision-making management system that facilitates tribal involvement for
multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional response to natural or technological disasters. The
tribal ERP should recognize and adapt to each agency's authority and responsibility.
1.1 EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCIES AND REGULATIONS
The main federal responding agencies for oil and hazardous substance spills are the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the United States Coast
Guard (USCG). Federal On-Scene Coordinators (FOSCs) are specially trained EPA and
USCG staff who respond to oil and hazardous substance emergencies. An EPA or USCG
FOSC can be reached 24 hours per day through the National Response Center (NRC) at
1-800-424-8802. The NRC must be contacted whenever an oil discharge enters or
threatens to enter navigable waters of the United States or whenever a hazardous
substance greater than a reportable quantity is released. Failing to report such
releases to the NRC can result in severe fines.
The USCG has the capability to respond to emergencies, mainly in United States
territorial coastal waters and seaports. It will respond to a variety of emergencies
including oil spills, hazardous chemical releases, and terrorist threats. EPA has the
capability to respond to emergencies, mainly on land and inland waterways, and can
conduct an emergency removal to clean up a site until it is stabilized and no longer poses
a threat. EPA will respond to chemicals released to the air, water, and soil, or when
direct contact with hazardous substances poses a threat.
Tribes should be aware that while the USCG and EPA can and will respond to
emergencies on tribal lands and waters, they will seek to recover costs from responsible
parties liable for the contamination for any cleanup they conduct. This may have
implications for tribal charter corporations and tribal members. While EPA may not hold
federally recognized tribes liable under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) or the Oil Pollution Act (OPA), this does
not extend to tribal charter corporations or individual tribal members.
EPA is authorized, under Section 123 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA), Title III, to reimburse tribes for expenses incurred in carrying out
emergency response measures to hazardous substance threats (excluding oil); however,
CERCLA limits this reimbursement to $25,000 per single response.
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The main federal responding agency for major natural and technological disasters is the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), a part of the Department of
Homeland Security (DHS). Nationwide, FEMA is divided into 10 regions. FEMA
Region 10 states include Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington. FEMA provides
training and advice in preparing for natural and technological emergencies. It
coordinates the federal response in times of declared disasters and provides assistance to
affected states, communities, businesses, and individuals. In the event of a major
emergency or natural disaster affecting tribal lands, tribes should coordinate with local,
county, borough, or state emergency services officials in order to acquire recovery
support from FEMA (see Section 2.11, "Disaster Declaration and Reporting Section").
Guidance on how federal agencies respond to disaster declarations may be found in the
National Response Plan (NRP) at www.dhs.gov.
FEMA has established policies and procedures for tribal governments to receive
emergency management training and emergency management technical assistance.
Tribal governments should work through their respective regional contact for
information. FEMA has established a dedicated telephone line to serve as a "hotline" for
tribal governments to call FEMA with questions and concerns. The number is (202) 646-
2672.
The Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) requires certain
regulated entities to report information regarding hazardous chemicals and substances at
their facilities to federal, state, and local authorities. The objective is to improve the
facility's or local government agencies' ability to plan for and respond to chemical
emergencies and to give citizens information regarding chemicals in their communities.
Tribes may find information reported under EPCRA useful when planning for certain
types of emergencies. Each state has an agency that serves as the repository for Tier II
information (hazardous chemicals and substances reported under EPCRA.)
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Spill Prevention and Response
410 Willoughby Avenue Suite 303
Juneau, AK 99801-1795
Phone: 907-465-5242
Idaho Bureau of Hazardous Materials
4040 Guard Street, Bldg. 600
Boise, ID 83705-5004
Phone: 208-422-5725
Office of State Fire Marshall
Community Right to Know Unit
4760 Portland Rd NE
Salem, OR 97305-1760
Phone: 503-378-6835
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Washington State Department of Ecology
Community Right-to-Know Unit
PO Box 47659
Olympia, WA 98504-7659
Phone: 1-800-633-7585
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) standards (Title 29 of Code of
Federal Regulations [CFR] 1910.120) to protect workers involved in hazardous substance
emergency response and cleanup operations
Not every spill response worker needs the same amount of training. The type of training
required depends on what role an individual will have in stopping, containing, or
recovering releases of hazardous substances. Not everyone one involved in a hazardous
substance spill response is required to have a 40-hour HAZWOPER certificate. There are
four levels of training required in an emergency response that correlate to the function
an individual performs: Awareness, Operations, Technician, and Incident Commander.
• Awareness-level first responders are individuals who are trained to recognize a
hazardous substance release and initiate an emergency response sequence by
notifying the proper authorities of the release. Awareness-level HAZWOPER
training must include demonstrated competency in the areas identified in 29 CFR
1910.120(q)(6)(i)(A) through 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6)(i)(F). Responders trained
to the awareness-level must receive annual refresher training of sufficient content
and duration to maintain their required competencies.
• Operations-level first responders are individuals that may perform initial
defensive response actions for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property
or the environment. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance
to keep it from spreading and/or prevent exposures. Operations-level first
responders must have at least 8-hours of HAZWOPER training and demonstrate
competency in the areas identified in 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(A) through 29
CFR 1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(F), in addition to those listed for the awareness level.
Responders trained to the awareness-level must receive annual refresher training
of sufficient content and duration to maintain their required competencies.
• Technician-level responders are individuals that may take action at the source of
the spill to stop the release of a hazardous substance. Technician-level responders
are required to have at least 24-hours of HAZWOPER training and demonstrate
competency in the areas identified in 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(A) through 29
CFR 1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(I). Responders trained to the technician-level must
receive 8-hours annual refresher training of sufficient content and duration to
maintain their required competencies.
• Incident Command-level responders are individual capable of assuming control of
the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level. Incident
Commanders are required to have at least 24-hours of HAZWOPER training
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equal to the operations level and demonstrate competency in the areas identified
in 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6)(v)(A) through 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6)(v)(F).
Responders trained to the incident command-level must receive annual refresher
training of sufficient content and duration to maintain their required
competencies.
Figure 1 provides a flowchart for determining the amount and frequency of training for
emergency response workers. The chart was excerpted from an OSHA booklet entitled
Training Marine Oil Spill Response Workers Under OSHA 's Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response Standard.
In a post-emergency response cleanup the HAZWOPER requirements are different in
that a supervisor and general spill site worker are both required to have 40-hours of
HAZWOPER training in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(3).
1.2 LEVELS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
When a natural disaster or hazardous substance release requires an emergency response, a
tiered response flow typically occurs. The general order of tiered response is as follows:
• Tribal first responders,
• Local first responders from the surrounding area (includes public and private
sector resources),
• State responders, and
• Federal responders.
The response begins with the first responders on the scene, typically local tribal law
enforcement and fire officials, or facility personnel in the case of an incident at an
industrial facility. The first responders' capabilities in any given situation depend on the
size of the community, the availability of equipment, and the degree of training of the
responders. State-level response may be required in situations that last beyond a few
hours. State response capabilities include providing technical assistance, hazard
evaluation, response assets, and agency coordination addressing applicable state and
federal regulations. Some states, however, may provide these services at a cost to the
tribe. A federal-level response is likely for complex incidents or for widespread
natural disasters, in situations when the incident exceeds the level of response
available from state and local/tribal agencies, or at the request of state and/or
local/tribal agencies. Federal response capabilities include providing immediate
response resources, access to funds and response coordination, and addressing federal
interests. Tribes may request state and federal resources by following established
procedures for each agency.
In the event of a hazardous substance release that impacts tribal lands or resources or an
oil spill that impacts navigable water, responsibility for the cleanup and disposal of the
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substance lies with the owner, generator, and/or transporter of the material. Cleanup and
disposal measures must be coordinated between the responsible party and state and
federal regulatory agencies. For releases to land and inland waterways, EPA shares
oversight of emergency response and cleanup activities with the tribe and state regulatory
agency. For releases to coastal environments, oversight of emergency response and
cleanup activities is shared between the USCG, tribe, and state regulatory agency.
1.3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING
Emergency management planning should be done on a community level, meaning the
community should be involved as much as the writers of the ERP. For an ERP to be
effective, the tribal community members should know how the ERP works, the
responsibilities of specific responders, and their own responsibilities. Emergency
management planning can be divided into four phases: mitigation, preparedness,
response, and recovery.
Mitigation includes actions taken to eliminate a hazard or reduce the potential for
damage should a disaster emergency occur. Mitigation actions include building codes,
zoning requirements, and routing requirements for hazardous substance transport.
Preparedness includes actions taken to plan, equip, and train citizens and government
personnel to respond to emergencies such as oil spills, chemical releases, or natural
disasters. ERP development is a preparedness action. Personnel training and exercises to
test an ERP are also considered preparedness functions.
Response includes actions taken to control, contain, and mitigate the effects of an
emergency situation. Response may include actions to save lives, protect the
environment, and protect property. It may also include support activities such as
emergency feeding and sheltering.
Recovery includes those processes required to return conditions within the incident area
to normal following an emergency. Recovery may include collection and proper disposal
of oil and hazardous substance releases, decontamination of structures, or reconstruction
of roads and public facilities damaged by natural disasters.
Tribal emergency management planning should identify the responsibilities,
administration, and operation of a tribal organization for emergency management. The
tribal ERP should outline procedures for coordinating tribal resources and tribal
government activities to prevent, prepare for, respond to, or recover from natural or
technological disasters. The tribal ERP is a tool that can be used by local, state, tribal,
and federal resource providers to better understand the tribal structure.
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1.4 USING THIS GUIDANCE
In general, an ERP identifies or describes the following elements:
• Authorities responsible for preparing and implementing the plan,
• Potential natural and technological hazards that could result in an emergency,
• Available emergency equipment and facilities,
• Emergency notification and management procedures,
• Hazard-specific emergency response procedures,
• Procedures for protecting public health, and
• Training programs for emergency responders.
This guidance is intended to assist tribes in planning for natural disasters or hazardous
substance releases by developing a plan that encompasses the above elements. It is
designed to overview the types of information to be included in an ERP to protect people
and natural resources of the tribes in EPA Region 10 in the event of a hazardous
substance spill or natural or technological disaster. For the purpose of this guidance
document, hazardous substance has a broad definition to include petroleum products and
other chemicals or materials that pose a threat to human health and the environment.
Although the scope of this document does not permit a detailed discussion of hazards
arising from terrorist threats, tribes preparing an ERP should give consideration to the
potential for such hazards on their lands.
Additionally, while there are numerous types of emergencies that could affect tribes, the
examples provided in this guidance are generally limited to those that address oil and
hazardous substance releases. Example text is provided in text boxes where appropriate.
Tribes in EPA Region 10 should modify the information within this guidance as
necessary to develop an ERP that is specific to their individual needs and resources.
Several appendices also are included in this guidance to further assist tribes in ERP
preparation:
* Appendix A contains a glossary of terms;
* Appendix B contains an example ERP outline or template for an all-hazards plan;
* Appendix C contains a list of references that could be useful in completing an ERP;
* Appendix D contains contact information for emergency planning resources provided
by federal, regional, and state agencies and organizations in EPA Region 10;
* Appendix E provides links to Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) in
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; and
* Appendix F provides a list of the federally recognized tribes in Alaska, Idaho,
Oregon, and Washington.
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Tribes can utilize Appendices D and E as "emergency planning yellow pages" for
contacting the needed agencies and organizations to better assist in developing their
ERPs.
It is important for tribes to decide upon the format that they will use to prepare an ERP
early in the planning process. The ERP format will help guide tribal planning efforts.
Existing literature cited in Appendix C may be useful in developing the format. Each
tribe in EPA Region 10 has distinct hazard potentials and may have different levels of
internal resources. Some of the information contained in this guidance may not apply to
specific tribes; therefore, tribes should use only those sections that address their specific
planning requirements.
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2. GUIDANCE ON DEVELOPING THE EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PLAN
This section overviews the type of information that should be included in an all-hazards
tribal ERP. The information is formatted to follow the example ERP included in
Appendix B of this document.
2.1 PRELIMINARY MATERIAL
This section identifies the elements that should be included at the beginning of the ERP.
The ERP should be formatted and organized in a manner that facilitates quick access to
the information.
2.1.1 Table of Contents
The ERP should contain a table of contents. The table of contents should list the
following:
* ERP sections,
* Functional annexes (see Section 3.1), and
* Appendices with supporting information.
A well-organized ERP will provide tribal members with a tool to quickly contact the
appropriate responding agencies, regardless of the tribal members' level of understanding
of the ERP and the nature of the emergency. One way to accomplish this is to have
tabbed sections to provide quick access to information during an emergency response
situation. Each tab would contain cohesive groups of information. EPA Region 10
recommends that the major plan sections, functional annexes, and appendices be tabbed.
For example, the plan template included in Appendix B contains 12 sections. Each
section would be a separate tab within the plan. Separate tabs also would be used for
each functional annex and appendix.
2.1.2 Abbreviations
A list of all the abbreviations and acronyms used in the ERP should be included at the
beginning of the plan for reference by plan users.
2.2 PLAN PROMULGATION, REVIEW, AND DISTRIBUTION
This section contains information that sets the ERP into motion, identifies the legal
authority for the plan, and ensures that periodic updates are performed to maintain the
accuracy of the information for all plan holders.
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2.2.1 Promulgation
The promulgation is an official announcement that sets the ERP into action. It ensures
that all the appropriate emergency responders and LEPCs accept the ERP and that the
ERP is consistent with other existing ERPs in the area. The promulgation section may
contain all or some of the following:
* A document signed by the tribal emergency response official or tribal chair if the tribe
is operating as a Tribal Emergency Response Committee;
* A document signed by the chairperson of the LEPC promulgating the ERP for the
planning district;
* A document signed by the chairperson of the State Emergency Response Commission
(SERC);
* Documents signed by the chief executive of all local jurisdictions within the district
(e.g., mayor); and
* A list of letters from the specific facilities endorsing the ERP.
2.2.2 Legal Authority
The ERP should list all the authorities that contributed to the information in the plan.
These authorities may be at the local, state, federal, or tribal level. Some common
authorities for emergency response planning are:
* Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (SARA, Title III)
authorized under Public Law 99-499;
* Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) authorized under Washington
Administrative Code 296.62.300-3112;
* Washington State Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan authorized under
Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 38.52.030;
* Model Contingency Plan for Pollution Control Facilities and Hazardous Waste
Management authorized under RCW 38.52.420;
* Emergency Planning Districts and Committees and Emergency Plans authorized
under Alaska Statutes (AS) 26.23.073 and 26.23.075; respectively.
* Hazardous Substance Emergency Response Act authorized under Idaho Statutes 39-
7102;
* State Disaster Preparedness Act authorized under Idaho Statutes 46-1003; and
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Emergency Services and Communications authorized under Oregon Revised Statutes
(ORS)401.
2.2.3 Record of Review and Revision
The ERP should be periodically reviewed to verify that the information is applicable.
EPA Region 10 recommends that the ERP be reviewed at least once per year, or
following the completion of any emergency response drills, exercises, or actual incidents.
Required changes to the ERP should be documented. This can be accomplished by
including a Record of Reviews and Amendments form in the plan. The form should have
three column headings: "DATE," "CHANGE," and "RECORDED BY." A single line
entry can be used to document each change that is received and posted to the ERP.
2.2.4 Distribution List
Copies of the ERP should be distributed to appropriate entities within the tribal
community that could be called upon to respond to a hazardous substance release or
natural disaster. Examples of these entities include the tribal council, public works
departments, and police and fire officials. A list of plan holders should be included in the
document so that plan updates can be distributed as needed.
2.3 BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
The background and overview section contains the following elements:
* The general purpose of the ERP,
* Emergency management policies and priorities, and
* Community profile information.
The following sections provide additional details for these elements.
2.3.1 Purpose
The tribal ERP provides a decision-making management system that facilitates tribal
involvement in response to natural or technological disasters. The tribal ERP should
recognize and incorporate the authority and responsibility of each agency that could
perform response activities.
The purpose statement should describe how the ERP would be used, particularly for
multi-jurisdictional events. For example,
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This plan is a guide for coordinating and directing all resources, both public and
private, toward preparedness, response, and mitigation efforts for the types of
emergencies that pose the greatest threat to life and property within tribal
boundaries. The ERP is intended to be used in conjunction with local, state, and
federal ERPs in order to maximize effective coordination between all involved
parties. The ERP should be used in conjunction with state and federal ERPs
only when an incident is of significant proportion to exhaust local resources.
Response efforts within the ERP are based on the Incident Command System.
2.3.2 Emergency Management Policies and Priorities
Tribal ERPs should detail tribal responsibilities, policies, and priorities during an
emergency response. Tribal emergency responders typically provide services such as
rescue and medical treatment of the injured, evacuation of persons at risk, initial isolation
of an area, and identification of hazards. Tribal responders also notify other local, state,
tribal, and federal agencies per local, state, tribal, and federal laws, regulations, and plans.
The background and overview section of the ERP should describe the intent of the plan
by listing emergency response policies and priorities. Example policy statements are
provided below:
Policy Statements:
* To encourage all tribal citizens to be self-sufficient for up to 72 hours should a
major disaster emergency occur.
* To safeguard life and property by ensuring maximum use of all available
resources, both public and private, during a major disaster.
* To provide a basic plan for the tribe in EPA Region 10 that will minimize the
impacts resulting from natural or technological disaster emergencies.
* To recognize the responsibility of the tribe to support other government agencies
as well as to receive their support if and when conditions warrant and resources
are available, and to be consistent with local, county, state, and federal
regulations and procedures where feasible.
* To utilize current tribal government and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) structure
as well as the county (or borough) and local fire district structure, and identify
the responsibility of each department, so there is an understanding of who does
what, when, and where in the event of a major disaster.
* To include an adequate damage assessment system for decision making,
direction, control, and reporting purposes for the use of elected and appointed
officials both within the tribal government and within the local area.
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Priority statements are critical for communicating what actions would be taken first in the
event of a major emergency. In general, protection of human life is deemed more
important than protection of property. The emergency response priorities may be stated
as follows:
Priority Statements:
* To protect and preserve human life.
* To protect public health.
* To protect environmental resources (e.g., water and wildlife).
* To protect public and private property.
2.3.3 Community Profile
A tribal ERP may be developed for a village or a reservation. A description of the area
covered by the ERP should be included for the benefit of local tribal members and
outside emergency responders. Maps of the plan area also should be included in the
ERP. The types of information to be covered in the profile include:
* A description of the village or reservation, including topography, climate, population,
boundaries, commercial or industrial areas, and defined fire districts;
* A description of the transportation infrastructure, such as airports, roads, and ports;
* A description of the utility services available (electricity, natural gas, water supply,
sewage systems, and garbage collection and disposal);
* A description of facility resources that may be used during an incident, such as
schools, hospitals, health clinics, and lodging; and
* A description of equipment resources, such as public works equipment.
2.3.4 Relationships to Other Plans
The tribal ERP should clearly describe the relationships between the tribal ERP and other
local, state, and federal ERPs to ensure that the ERP is consistent with those of all other
responding agencies. If industrial facilities exist within the plan area, and those facilities
have developed facility-specific plans, the ERP should reference the facility ERPs or
include copies of the facility ERPs in an appendix (see Section 3.2).
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2.4 RESOURCES
The tribal ERP should include a list and description of emergency response resources in
the community and identify the persons responsible for them. Resources include
personnel and equipment. The list should include available resources from the tribal
community, government organizations (city, state, and federal), and industrial facilities
(particularly those subject to SARA Title III reporting under EPCRA.) If significant
potential exists for hazardous substance releases, the tribal ERP should identify the types,
capabilities, and locations of private cleanup contractor resources that could be utilized
during an incident.
To avoid unnecessary liabilities, the tribal ERP should list all possible limitations on
resources and provide examples of realistic conditions. Tribes should identify their
current capabilities for small-scale emergencies and should be prepared to be self-
sufficient for the first 72 hours following any disaster. Tribes should also list
assumptions regarding specific conditions that may develop in the event of any
emergency.
2.4.1 Local Resources
Local emergency response resources typically include law enforcement, fire and rescue,
and health services. They may also include specially trained personnel and equipment for
local industrial facilities subject to SARA, Title III. An overview of the typical
responsibilities of these resources is provided below.
Health Services
Health and medical services are generally utilized during emergency responses for
treatment of the injured. The tribal ERP should include the following:
* A description of the local medical services (e.g., hospital and clinics) available and
procedures for acquiring medical services and care from those organizations;
* The capacity of local emergency medical facilities, equipment, and personnel, and
thresholds for triggering medevac;
* A description of the emergency response equipment available to each facility, such as
mass casualty decontamination facilities; and
* A list of medevac procedures, including helicopter resources (private and military),
and a list of pre-designated helicopter landing zones.
Law Enforcement
Local law enforcement resources may include village public safety officers, tribal police,
and city or county police organizations. The tribal ERP should describe the law
enforcement resources available and the chain of command. The tribal ERP should also
list major law enforcement tasks to be performed during various types of emergencies.
Some of the major law enforcement tasks are:
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* Site control, to restrict public access to hazardous areas,
* Delivery of evacuation orders to the public,
* Traffic control along evacuation routes, and
* Coordination of search and rescue operations.
Fire and Rescue
Local fire and rescue resources may include volunteer fire departments. The tribal ERP
should indicate which fire departments, if any, serve the tribe's area and whether those
fire departments incorporate Hazardous Materials Response Teams (HMRTs). If none of
the serving fire departments have HMRTs, the tribal ERP should identify any county or
state HMRTs that could be contacted. The tribal ERP should describe the chain of
command for fire department personnel and should list major tasks to be performed by
firefighters during various types of emergencies. Some of the major tasks for fire and
rescue personnel are:
* Fire suppression,
* Medical aid (i.e., paramedic services),
* Search and rescue operations,
* Containment of hazardous substance releases, and
* Decontamination of personnel and equipment during hazardous substance releases.
2.4.2 Additional Resources from Outside Agencies/Organizations
The tribal ERP should overview the resources available from organizations outside tribal
boundaries and provide procedures for obtaining those resources. Examples of regional
response resources include:
* State troopers,
* Regional Native associations,
* Critical care medical facilities,
* State environmental protection organizations, and
* State emergency services departments.
For example, the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) has staged
oil spill response equipment at various locations within Alaska. The tribal ERP for an
Alaska Native tribe with a potential hazard for oil spills should identify the nearest
ADEC equipment connex (cache) and should include procedures for acquiring
authorization and access to the equipment.
2.5 EMERGENCY TELEPHONE DIRECTORY
This section should contain telephone and fax numbers for local, state, and federal
agencies, and private organizations that could respond to an emergency. It should also
contain numbers of other organizations that may need to be notified of evacuation,
sheltering, or other public health information.
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This section should be designed to provide a quick reference for completing notification
of key personnel in the event of a natural disaster or hazardous substance incident.
Following is a list of some of the organizations or personnel that may be included:
* Tribal organizations,
* Fire department(s),
* Police department(s),
* Medical facilities,
* State environmental agency,
* State emergency services agency,
* EPA (Region 10 Duty Officer 206-553-1263),
* The USCG (if applicable),
* The NRC (1-800-424-8802),
* FEMA (24-hour number 425-487-4600),
* Public utilities (e.g., water, sewer, and electricity),
* School facilities,
* City/county officials (mayor and public works department),
* Fire marshal,
* LEPC,
* State Emergency Response Commission, and
* American Red Cross.
2.6 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
An all-hazards plan should contain a disaster preparedness section that details the
preparedness activities that tribal members could employ during the planning process to
help them better respond in emergency situations. Disaster preparedness protocols could
include:
• Recommendations for equipment and supplies to be assembled and maintained in
a basic disaster supply kit for tribal members within the plan area; and
• Steps to take if a disaster strikes.
Additional information regarding disaster preparedness can be obtained from the FEMA
Web site listed in Appendix D.
2.7 HAZARD ANALYSIS
The ERP should identify the potential hazards present within the plan area that could
require an emergency response. For an all-hazards plan, the analysis should include
natural hazards, such as flooding or earthquakes, and technological hazards resulting
from industrial activities, such as oil spills and hazardous substance releases. Tribes also
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may want to consider including hazards resulting from terrorist or criminal actions. The
potential magnitude and characteristics of each identified hazard should be described.
Maps showing facility locations, transportation corridors, natural hazard areas, sensitive
environmental areas, and special geographic features of the district should be included.
Areas where multiple hazards may interact (e.g., flood plains) should be identified. The
National Response Team (NRT) website has planning guidance that could be used for
reference. The document is titled "NRT-1 - Hazardous Materials Planning Guide 2001
Update" (see Appendix C).
In the case of oil spills and hazardous substance releases, the hazard analysis should
consider:
* Locations where oil and hazardous substances are stored or transported,
* Transportation methods and routes,
* Types of materials that could be released,
* Potential release situations and consequences,
* Special facilities (e.g., schools) or populations vulnerable to the release, and
* Human health risks associated with hazardous substance releases.
The magnitude, probability, and potential consequences of natural disasters should be
included in the ERP. For example, in the case of a flooding hazard, the following should
be included in the analysis:
* Flood levels and paths for various events (e.g., five-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-year
events);
* Facilities and transportation infrastructures at risk from the flooding events; and
* Estimated damage that could be produced by each event.
2.8 RESPONSE ACTIONS
The ERP should include detailed response actions for each identified hazard. This can be
accomplished through the use of checklists, flowcharts, or step-by-step procedures. More
detailed information (e.g., protective booming locations) could be included in a
functional annex. Response actions may include notification procedures, protective
actions to mitigate the effects of the hazard, and actions to protect public safety.
In the event of an oil spill or hazardous substance release, response actions should
include the following:
1. Actions to ensure the safety of responders and the public. These include tactical
actions such as fire suppression or control, rescue of injured persons, and evacuation
of at-risk populations. They also include use of personal protective equipment.
2. Notification procedures. These include actions to contact appropriate state and
federal regulatory agencies.
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3. Procedures to contain or control the migration of released materials. Control and
containment should consist of all efforts toward limiting the effects of a release on
people, property, and the environment. Example actions include capping and
patching of leaking containers, drainage path or culvert blocking, and deployment of
boom.
4. Procedures to clean up and dispose of wastes generated. The cleanup and disposal
of hazardous materials are the responsibility of the owner, generator, and
transporter of the material. Cleanup and disposal measures must be coordinated
between the responsible party and the appropriate state or federal regulatory agencies
as determined by the nature and severity of the release. EPA is the lead federal
regulatory agency responsible for the cleanup of oil and hazardous substances in
inland areas and shares oversight of cleanup efforts with the tribe and the state
agency. The USCG is the lead federal regulatory agency responsible for the cleanup
of oil and hazardous substance spills in coastal areas and shares oversight of cleanup
efforts with the tribe and the state agency. EPA takes the lead for long-term cleanup
and recovery from hazardous substance releases, even in the coastal area.
2.9 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
2.9.1 Incident Command System
EPA and the USCG promote the use of the National Incident Management System
(NEVIS) Incident Command System (ICS) management system for coordinating efforts by
local, state, tribal, federal, and responsible party concerns and interests during a response
to a hazardous substance release or natural disaster. The ICS provides a consistent,
systematic means of organizing agencies and responders into one concerted effort,
enabling the objectives of each organization to be met. This guidance provides a general
overview of the principles of the ICS. For additional ICS training, contact the National
Wildfire Coordinating Group, EPA, or the USCG (see Appendix D).
The ICS is a flexible and scalable system. This flexibility allows the command structure
to expand or contract as needed during various phases of the emergency. Figure 2 shows
the basic ICS organization. The ICS is constructed around five basic functions:
* Command. Command staff set the objectives and priorities of responding resources.
Command has overall responsibility for the safety of response personnel. Command
also is responsible for the formulation and release of information to the public;
* Operations. Operations involve tactical operations to carry out the incident action
plan. Operations personnel develop response objectives and direct all resources
involved in tactical operations;
* Planning. Planning develops action plans to accomplish the incident objectives.
Planning also collects incident information and maintains resource status. Planning
usually contains an Environmental Unit where cultural and natural resource experts
provide guidance on protection of critical resources;
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Logistics. Logistics provides resources and all other services needed to support the
incident; and
Finance/Administration. Finance/administration monitors costs related to the
incident and provides accounting, procurement, time recording, and cost analyses.
Incident
Commander
Command Staff
Public Information Officer
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
Deputy
Incident Commander
Operations
Section
Planning
Section
Logistics
Section
Finance/Admin.
Section
Figure 2: Basic organization of ICS functions.
The Command function within the ICS may be organized in two general ways: Single
Command or Unified Command. Single Command is used when an emergency occurs
within an area that has one jurisdictional authority. Unified Command is utilized when
an emergency covers an area encompassing more than one jurisdictional authority, or
when resources from several agencies or authorities are utilized.
For a Single Command situation, an Incident Commander (1C) is in command of all
responding resources. The 1C may activate one or more of the operations, planning,
logistics, and finance/administration sections depending on the magnitude and
complexity of the emergency. The leaders of the operations, planning, logistics, and
finance/administration sections are designated as chiefs. These four section chiefs
constitute the general staff.
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The 1C can also delegate work to three supporting Command staff members: Public
Information Officer (PIO), Safety Officer, and Liaison Officer. The Command staff
responsibilities are as follows:
* The PIO is responsible for the formulation and release of information regarding the
emergency to the news media, the public, and other appropriate agencies and
organizations;
* The Safety Officer is responsible for monitoring and assessing hazardous and unsafe
situations and developing measures for ensuring the safety of response personnel;
and
* The Liaison Officer is responsible for communicating with local, state, and federal
government agencies.
Together, the Command staff and General Staff constitute the Incident Management
Team (EVIT). For a particular response, the structure of the IMT will depend on the size
and scope of the incident. Small incidents may be managed entirely by the 1C. Larger,
more complex incidents may require activation and staffing of one or more of the
operations, planning, logistics, and finance/administration sections. However, the 1C
would retain overall responsibility for coordinating and managing the response resources.
The 1C should be the most qualified staff from the agency with the primary jurisdiction.
This person may be replaced when a more qualified response person arrives, depending
on the scope of the situation. Upon arriving at the incident scene, the 1C should do the
following:
1. Assess the nature of the emergency (e.g., fire, explosion, spill, or natural disaster).
2. Develop response objectives.
3. Develop an action plan and priorities.
4. Oversee implementation of the action plan by supporting resources.
In the event of a hazardous substance release, the 1C and other first responders should
gather as much information as possible regarding the type of material released and
possible health effects of exposure, in order to guide their response activities. Please
remember that a situation shouldn't be approached with proper safety and monitoring
equipment. Types of information that would be useful include:
1. Name of material released. This can be determined through:
* Manifest/shipping invoice/bill of lading,
* Shipper/manufacturer identification,
* Container type,
* Placard/label information,
* Railcar/truck four-digit identification numbers, and
* Facility personnel.
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2. Total amounts of material that may have been released.
3. Current physical state of material (e.g., solid, liquid, or gas).
4. Characteristics of the material (e.g., color, odor, density, and potential health effects).
5. Direction, height, color, and odor of any vapor clouds or plumes.
6. Weather conditions (temperature, and wind direction and speed).
7. Local terrain.
8. Nearby populations.
9. Whether released materials appear to be entering the atmosphere, nearby water storm
drains, or soil.
10. Potential effects on transportation corridors.
2.9.2 Incident Management Team
If sufficient resources exist, the ERP should identify a tribal IMT that can be activated as
necessary during hazardous substance incidents or natural disasters. The EVIT should
comprise qualified tribal members with authority to commit or direct tribal resources.
Members of this team would respond to the scene of the incident and would eventually
blend into the Unified ICS structure at the incident. Where possible, the ERP should
assign duties and responsibilities for specific IMT positions. At a minimum, it should:
* Identify the person(s) or organization within the tribe responsible for leading the
overall emergency management system. This individual is commonly known as the
Community Emergency Coordinator, the Tribal Emergency Coordinator (TEC), or
the Tribal On-Scene Coordinator (OSC); and
* Identify the person within the tribe who can function as a Public Information Officer
(PIO.) The PIO should serve as liaison between the 1C, the media, and the public.
The PIO will provide media representatives with news releases in order to
disseminate incident information or warnings to the tribal community. This
information is provided so that members of the public will be aware of any potential
need for evacuation, shelter in place, or other emergency procedures necessary to
protect themselves. The 1C has the overall responsibility for approving releases of
information to the public. The tribal ERP should specify methods to be used to
distribute information to the media and the public; and
* Other positions the tribe feels they would like to staff or have qualified personnel
representing the tribe (tribal cultural resource specialist or natural resource
specialist.)
2.9.3 Supporting Facilities
Several supporting facilities are defined in the ICS. Three important facilities are the
Command Post (CP), staging areas, and the Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The
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locations of these support facilities will depend on the nature and location of the
emergency. The tribal ERP should identify potential areas and/or facilities suitable for
use as staging areas and EOCs. The following paragraphs provide a brief description of
each facility type.
Command Post. The CP is a physical location from which Command staff operates.
The CP may be a vehicle, trailer, building, or any location suitable to accommodate the
Command function. The 1C shall establish the location of the CP. Criteria for
establishing the CP include location in a safe area and as close to the incident scene as
practical.
Staging Areas. Staging areas are locations where resources accumulate to await active
assignment. The actual location of a staging area will be based on the incident.
Examples of potential staging areas are airports, harbors, or National Guard armories.
Emergency Operations Center. An EOC is a facility designated to support disaster
emergencies. The EOC is the center of operations support for the emergency response.
If the IMT is located at the EOC, it provides a centralized location where all information
pertaining to the emergency is received and analyzed.
2.9.4 Direction and Control
The ERP should clearly identify the on-scene authority and chain of command to be
followed during emergencies. The ERP should describe the procedures for activating
emergency response teams, depending on the severity of the situation. For incidents
involving hazardous substances, the following guidelines may assist tribes in determining
the required resources to contact for emergencies of varying complexity.
LEVEL I INCIDENT (POTENTIAL EMERGENCY CONDITION)
Level I incidents can be effectively managed and mitigated by first response personnel.
The incident is not an immediate threat to life, property, or the environment. Evacuation
is limited to the immediate area or involved structure only. Special technical teams, such
as Hazardous Materials Response Team (HMRT) teams, are not required. Examples of
Level I incidents include:
1. Spills that can be properly and effectively contained by equipment immediately
accessible to fire departments or other response agencies.
2. Fires involving materials that can be extinguished and cleaned up with resources
immediately available to fire departments or other response agencies.
Level I incidents typically do not require activation of resources outside the community.
However, the fact that the response can be handled with local resources does not negate
the requirements for reporting releases of oil or hazardous substances to appropriate state
and federal authorities in accordance with applicable regulations.
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LEVEL II INCIDENT (LIMITED EMERGENCY CONDITION)
Level II incidents require the special technical assistance of a HMRT or an industrial
specialist. These incidents involve a greater hazard or potential threat to life, property, or
the environment, and may require limited evacuation of the surrounding area. Examples
include:
1. Spills, leaks, or ruptures that require technical HMRT assistance or specialized
HMRT equipment to be properly and effectively contained.
2. Spill or leaks of oil or hazardous substances that threaten navigable waters.
3. Fires involving toxic and/or flammable materials that are permitted to burn for a
controlled time period.
Outside resources that may be contacted in a Level II incident include regional HMRTs,
the state environmental response agency, the federal environmental response agency
(EPA and/or USCG), the Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)
(for transportation incidents), and the NRC.
LEVEL III INCIDENTS (FULL EMERGENCY CONDITIONS)
Level III incidents are major disasters that pose a severe hazard or threat to life, property,
and the environment, or that cover a large area requiring large-scale evacuation. The
incident may require the resources of local, state, tribal, federal, and private agencies.
Examples include:
1. Spills that cannot be properly and effectively contained by specialized equipment
immediately available to the HMRT.
2. Leaks and ruptures that cannot be controlled using specialized equipment
immediately available to the HMRT.
3. Fires involving toxic materials that are allowed to burn because water is
ineffective or dangerous, because there is a threat of large container failure, or
because a large explosion could occur or has occurred.
For Level III incidents, first responders should consider contacting all agencies contacted
for the Level I and Level II incidents, plus the state department of emergency
management, and FEMA.
For any of the above response levels, the NRC must be contacted whenever an oil
discharge enters or threatens to enter navigable waters of the United States or
whenever a hazardous substance greater than a reportable quantity is released.
Failing to report such releases to the NRC can result in severe fines. The NRC can be
reached at 1-800-424-8802. Tribes should also contact the appropriate state agency to
report releases of hazardous substances. The spill reporting phone numbers for the states
is EPA Region 10 are listed below:
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* Alaska Department of Environmental Quality:
• Central region (Anchorage) : 907-269-3063
• Northern region (Fairbanks): 907-451-2121
• Southeast region (Juneau ): 907-465-5340
• After hours (Alaska State Troopers): 1-800-478-9300
* Washington State Department of Emergency Management: 1-800-258-5990
* Oregon Emergency Response System: 1-800-452-0311
* Idaho State Communications: 1-800-632-8000 or (208) 846-7610
2.9.5 Communications
Communications during an emergency response are a critical element in effective
implementation of emergency response actions. The ERP should contain a basic
communication plan, detailing procedures to be followed to establish and maintain
communications by use of telephones, cellular telephones, radio systems, and/or
emergency service radio frequencies. The tribal ERP should include a list of common
radio frequencies used by local, state, and federal response agencies. It should also:
1. Describe methods for identified responders to exchange information or communicate
with each other during an emergency response (e.g., mutual aid frequencies).
2. Describe local, state, federal, and private communications systems.
3. Establish emergency frequencies where possible, and describe their use.
4. Describe methods, computers, and online databases that emergency responders can
use to receive information regarding needed response activities.
5. Establish diagrams showing flows of information in the response system.
2.9.6 Documentation
Documentation should be maintained during an emergency response to provide a record
of the actions taken during the incident. EPA Region 10 recommends that the tribal ERP
utilize ICS forms to document emergency response actions. Examples of these forms
include:
* Incident Briefing (ICS Form 201),
* Incident Objectives (ICS Form 202),
* Organization Assignment List (ICS Form 203),
* Assignment List (ICS Form 204),
* Radio Communications Plan (ICS Form 205),
* Medical Plan (ICS Form 206), and
* Operational Planning Worksheet (ICS Form 215)
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ICS forms can be downloaded from the National Wildfire Coordinating Group at
http://www.nwcg.gov/pms/forms/icsforms.htm.
For hazardous substance releases, tribes should be aware that the state and federal
environmental protection agencies might require preparation and submittal of specific
reports. The ERP should detail the specific reporting requirements that are applicable for
potential oil and hazardous substance release scenarios.
2.10 WARNING, EVACUATION, AND SHELTERING
The ERP should provide procedures for notifying the public of emergencies. It should
also describe precautions for the protection of citizens within a community from adverse
affects of exposure to hazards involved in an incident. Precautions may include plans for
evacuation and indoor protection (i.e., sheltering).
2.10.1 Warning Systems
The ERP should describe how the TEC notifies the public in case of emergencies.
Example systems include:
* Sirens,
* Emergency broadcasts (via radio or television),
* Automatic dialers, and
* Door-to-door contact.
If sirens or other signaling methods are utilized, the plan should describe how they are
activated, circumstances for their use, and geographic coverage area. If an Emergency
Alert System is used, pre-written, approved messages should be developed and included
in the ERP. In addition, the ERP should list the television stations, radio stations, or
radio frequencies to be utilized for emergency broadcasts.
The ERP should establish the time frames in which public notifications will be
accomplished. It should also identify the method and frequency for testing the warning
systems.
2.10.2 Evacuation
The basic approach to evacuation is the same regardless of the type of threat. During an
incident, a determination of the area at risk should be made, along with a comparison of
the risk associated with evacuation to the risks of leaving the threatened population in
place. Not all emergencies require evacuation, but the ERP should include an evacuation
plan nonetheless. The following should be established in the plan:
1. Authority for ordering or recommending evacuation, including the person(s)
authorized to order evacuation.
2. Methods utilized in evacuation and potential evacuation routes.
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3. Evacuation responsibilities of various government agencies and private organizations,
and the chain of command among them.
4. Procedures for accomplishing evacuation of special populations (schools, hospitals,
and the elderly). Consider language barriers and the need for translation.
5. Recommendations for materials that people should take with them during evacuation
(e.g., essential medicine, clothes, and documents).
6. Facilities for the provision of mass care to a relocated population, including food,
shelter, medicine, and the handling/care of pets and livestock.
7. Methods for managing traffic flow along evacuation routes and for keeping people
from entering or re-entering threatened areas.
8. Procedures for providing security for evacuees and evacuated areas.
9. Provisions for the orderly return of people to the evacuated areas.
If the plan area includes special facilities that may require evacuation, such as hospitals,
nursing homes, and schools, the ERP should also:
1. Identify potential conditions requiring evacuation of the facility.
2. Establish evacuation zones and distances, and explain why they were chosen.
3. Establish the role of the specific facility in the decision-making process.
Petroleum storage facilities or manufacturing plants are required to have their own
evacuation plans in place.
It may be necessary to provide temporary food, clothing, and shelter for persons who
have been evacuated from their homes or businesses. The ERP should identify shelter
locations and procedures for contacting organizations specializing in emergency human
services. These organizations may include one or more of the following:
* Tribal Government. The tribal government may provide food, shelter, and essential
human services depending on the tribe and the conditions of the emergency;
* American Red Cross. The American Red Cross can provide temporary housing,
mass care shelter and feeding facilities, emergency first aid and medical services,
welfare inquires, information services, and financial assistance for essentials based on
the immediate need at the time of the emergency;
* Salvation Army. The Salvation Army can assist the American Red Cross with food
collection and distribution, and provide clothing, bedding, essential furnishings, and
spiritual and family counseling for displaced individuals during an emergency;
* Disaster Assistance Council. A Disaster Assistance Council can be formed to
coordinate the efforts of various church organizations, individuals, labor
organizations, and private and government agencies, in order to provide timely and
adequate assistance to disaster victims; and
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* Other Agencies/Organizations. Other local agencies may be called upon or may
volunteer to assist with human services during times of emergency. These agencies
or citizen groups may include civic organizations, church groups, and businesses.
These agencies may provide human services support in the areas of shelter, food,
clothing, or other immediate needs during an emergency. Any participating groups
must confirm their operational status with the Department of Emergency
Management before their human services can begin.
2.10.3 Sheltering
Not all emergencies require evacuation, and in the case of some types of hazardous
substance releases, sheltering may be a more suitable measure to protect the public.
Factors to consider for assessing implementation of shelter-in-place guidelines include
the toxicity and behavior (physical state and transport) of the released material and the
potential health risks of moving the public through a contaminated area.
The ERP should identify potential hazards that could result in sheltering members of the
public in their homes, places of business, or schools. FEMA and various state emergency
management organizations have pre-prepared outreach materials providing guidance on
using "shelter in place" during a response. The following should be established in the
sheltering plan:
1. The authority for ordering sheltering, including the name(s) and title(s) of the
person(s) authorized to implement this protective action.
2. Methods for notifying the public of a sheltering order.
3. Basic instructions for indoor protection (e.g., turning off ventilation systems, and
closing doors and windows).
4. Methods to determine when indoor protection (i.e., sheltering) is no longer required.
2.11 DISASTER DECLARATION AND REPORTING
Major natural disasters, such as earthquakes, wildfires, or floods, may result in a disaster
declaration. Major technological and civil disasters may also result in a disaster
declaration. The guidance followed by federal agencies to support local and tribal
governments can be found in the National Response Plan (NRP) published on March 30,
2004.
An all-hazards ERP should include procedures for disaster declaration and reporting.
Prompt and thorough reporting of disaster conditions will enhance disaster assistance
from mutual aid agencies and state and federal entities. Additional information for
disaster declaration and reporting can be obtained from FEMA and state emergency
service organizations.
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2.12 POST-INCIDENT ACTION
Post-incident activities that could be part of an ERP include the following:
• Demobilization,
• Disaster recovery,
• Investigative follow-up,
• Post-incident evaluation, and
• Mitigation
Procedures for conducting or completing the above actions should be included in the ERP
as appropriate. The following paragraphs provide a brief description of each activity.
Demobilization is the process used to gradually cease response operations and return
responding resources to their normal duties and operation. In the ICS, the planning
section typically is responsible for developing a demobilization plan. The 1C has the
authority to release resources from a response.
Disaster recovery may include setup and operation of Disaster Recovery Centers to
assist affected citizens in applying for state or federal disaster assistance.
Investigative follow-up is performed after an oil spill or hazardous substance release to
determine the cause of the release. Investigative follow-up is the duty of the law
enforcement agency or the company responsible for the release. State and federal
agencies may also be involved as part of their standard operating procedures (SOPs), as
appropriate for the specific incident.
When an ERP is activated, it is important that participants take the opportunity to learn
from the experience of managing an emergency incident. A post-incident evaluation or
"debrief is a tool that can facilitate this process by allowing incident personnel to reflect
on the lessons learned during an emergency response. EPA Region 10 recommends that
tribes keep records of post-incident evaluations. If a post-incident evaluation reveals
deficiencies in the ERP, actions should be taken to revise the plan.
Mitigation is the ongoing effort to lessen the impact disasters have on people's lives and
property through damage prevention. Through measures such as building safely within
the floodplain or removing homes altogether; engineering buildings and infrastructures to
withstand earthquakes; and creating and enforcing effective building codes to protect
property from floods, hurricanes and other natural hazards; the impact on lives and
communities is lessened.
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2.13 PLAN TESTING AND UPDATING
Plan testing is essential for determining the effectiveness of the information and actions
contained in the ERP. Plan testing will help to ensure the maximum readiness of tribal
members and regional responding organizations involved in emergency response.
2.13.1 Emergency Response Training and Exercises
The tribal ERP should list and describe training programs needed to support tribal
response requirements, including training to be provided by community, state, and federal
agencies, and the private sector. FEMA, the United States Department of Transportation,
the USCG, and EPA provide many emergency response trainings at no cost to tribes.
The tribal ERP should establish methods for exercising the plan contents. It should
specify the frequency and type of the exercise to be accomplished. Example exercises
include orientation seminars, tabletop drills, and field exercises. Orientation seminars
can be meetings that overview the contents of the plan for tribal members. Tabletop
drills can be useful for checking the understanding of notification procedures and
response actions. Field exercises are useful for teaching personnel how to use certain
types of response equipment, such as containment boom or skimmers.
EPA Region 10 recommends that tribal ERPs include provisions for conducting
cooperative training exercises among tribal members, private sector responders, and
government agency responders. This should improve the understanding of regional
responders and facilitate more effective communications and coordination during an
actual incident.
2.13.2 Post-Exercise Review
Once a tabletop drill or exercise is completed, participants should evaluate the exercise to
identify any elements of the ERP that need to be revised or updated. Following the
critique of the test/exercise, the evaluating group should initiate any necessary changes to
the basic plan or its SOPs. This is an appropriate time to review and update other
information contained in the ERP; e.g., personnel assignments, emergency telephone
lists, and resources. Tribes should distribute revisions to all holders of the ERP within 30
days of the revisions.
Date Updated: 10/15/2004 29
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3. SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Functional annexes and/or appendices can be used to contain detailed supporting
information.
3.1 FUNCTIONAL ANNEXES
Functional annexes are cohesive groups of information that focus on the special planning
needs and regulatory issues generated by a specific hazard, and identify appropriate
outside agencies to contact for assistance. Functional annexes describe the policies,
situation, planning assumptions, concept of operations, and responsibilities for specific
emergency response functions. This will provide direction and control for certain
problems in response to emergencies. Example functional annexes include:
* Oil spill response procedures,
* Hazardous substance spill response procedures,
* Flooding response procedures,
* Earthquake response procedures, and
* Heavy snowfall or extreme weather conditions response procedures.
For example, a functional annex for oil spill response may contain:
* Procedures for implementing protective actions, such as booming, to protect sensitive
areas;
* Procedures for preventing exposure of wildlife to hazardous substances (e.g., hazing
methods);
* Procedures for decontaminating wildlife; and
* Special and unique response procedures, such as waste containment, characterization,
and disposal procedures.
3.2 APPENDICES
Appendices can be utilized to contain ERP references and any other information relevant
to emergency response planning. For example, appendices may be utilized for mutual aid
agreements or facility ERPs.
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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APPENDIX A
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Appendices/Annexes
Appendices and annexes contain information regarding hazard-specific
situations. The number of appendices and annexes will vary depending
on the hazard potential of the specific tribe.
Boom
A temporary barrier used to contain an oil spill on land or water. Two
common types are containment boom (for water) and sorbent boom.
Community Emergency
Coordinator (CEC)
The CEC receives information and coordinates emergency actions.
Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan (CEMP)
Plans prepared by state or local officials.
Comprehensive
Environmental Response,
Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980
(CERCLA)
The federal regulation regarding hazardous substance releases into the
environment and the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites.
CHEMNET
A program operated by the American Chemical Council to provide
shippers with emergency response and technical assistance at the scene
of chemical transportation incidents. Activation occurs when
CHEMTREC notifies a company of an incident with one of its
chemicals. CHEMNET may provide an emergency response team if
the company is unable to respond to the incident itself.
Chemical Transportation
Emergency Center
(CHEMTREC)
A public service "hotline" of the American Chemical Council for fire-
fighters, law enforcement, and other emergency responders to obtain
information and assistance for emergency incidents involving
chemicals and hazardous materials.
Chlorine Emergency Plan
(CHLOREP)
The Chlorine Emergency Plan (CHLOREP) is an industry-wide program
formalized by the Chlorine Institute in 1972, to improve the speed and
effectiveness of response to chlorine emergencies in the United States and
Canada. Under this plan the United States and Canada are divided into
regional sectors where trained emergency teams from chlorine producing,
packaging and consuming plants are on constant alert on a 24-hour basis to
handle potential or actual chlorine emergencies.
Command Post (CP)
A temporary center in the vicinity of an emergency where the
coordination and direction of on-the-scene response forces take place.
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Community Right to Know
Legislation requiring disclosure of chemical information to local
agencies and/or the public (EPCRA.)
Decon
A common shorthand term for decontamination. Decontamination
involves the removal of a hazardous material from personnel or
equipment through physical or chemical means.
Disaster
An occurrence inflicting widespread destruction and distress, placing
life and property in danger, involving shortages of time and essential
community functions, and requiring major responses and resources
beyond those available in the disaster-struck community.
Emergency Alert System
(EAS)
Formerly known as the Emergency Broadcast System. The EAS is a
system whereby emergency messages can be transmitted to the public
via radio, television, or cable media.
Emergency
An event involving shortages of time or resources, placing life and/or
property or the environment in danger, and requiring immediate
response.
Emergency Coordination
Center (ECC)
A single, pre-selected location where disaster information is gathered,
public information is dispersed, and coordination of disaster response
activity is carried out. The ECC serves as a resource center for on-site
response organizations in the field. Also known as Emergency
Operations Center.
Extremely Hazardous
Substance (EHS)
Any substance listed in Appendix A or B of 40 Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) Part 355. Common examples include ammonia,
chlorine, fluorine, and hydrogen sulfide.
Emergency Management
Institute (EMI)
A component of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's
(FEMA's) National Emergency Training Center. EMI provides
training for a wide variety of emergency response scenarios.
Emergency Operations
Center (EOC)
Another term used for ECC.
Emergency Operations
Plan (EOF)
Provides direction, control, and coordination in the event of natural or
technological disasters. Also referred to as emergency response plan
(ERP).
Emergency Response Plan
(ERP)
See Emergency Operations Plan.
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Facility
All buildings, equipment, structures, and other stationary items that are
located on a single site or on contiguous or adjacent sites and that are
owned or operated by the same person or company.
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
(FEMA)
Formerly an independent federal agency, FEMA is now a branch of the
Department of Homeland Security. It is tasked with responding to,
planning for, recovering from, and mitigating against disasters.
Hazardous Substance
Any substance capable of causing harm to people, animals, the
environment, or property. Synonymous with hazardous material.
HAZMAT
An acronym for hazardous materials. A HAZMAT team responds to
unplanned releases of hazardous materials.
HAZWOPER
The name given to the federal (29 CFR 1910.120) regulation titled
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.
Incident Command System
(ICS)
The combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and
communications operating within a common organizational structure
with responsibility for management of assigned resources to effectively
accomplish stated objectives at the scene of an incident.
Indian Country
Indian lands, communities, and allotments, as stated in 18 United States
Code (USC) 1151, which defines Indian Country as: (10) All land
within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the
United States government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent
and including rights-of-way running through the reservation; (2) All
dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States
whether within or without the limits of state; and (3) All Indian
allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished,
including rights-of-way running through the same.
Indian Tribe
An Indian or Alaska Native tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or
community that the Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List
Act of 1994 (25 USC 479a).
Initial Notification
Procedures for providing reliable, effective notification by facility and
community emergency coordinators to agencies and persons designated
in the emergency plan.
Joint Information Center
(JIC)
A central emergency public information center that gathers,
coordinates, and distributes information concerning an incident. JICs
may be staffed by members of multiple responding agencies.
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Local Emergency Planning
Committee (LEPC)
A local committee appointed by a state or tribal emergency response
commission. The LEPC is tasked with developing an emergency
response plan; receiving emergency release and EHS inventory
information from facilities; and providing information concerning
hazardous substances, emergency planning, and human health and
environmental risks to the public.
Local Emergency Planning
District (LEPD)
The regional unit administered by a Local Emergency Planning
Committee. LEPDs are established by the state or tribal emergency
response commission.
Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS)
Sheets providing safety and health data regarding certain types of
hazardous substances required under the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration's (OSHA's) regulation (29 CFR 1920.1200[g]).
National Fire Academy
A program of the Department of Homeland Security's United States
Fire Administration that works to enhance the ability of fire and
emergency services and allied professionals to deal more effectively
with fire and related emergencies.
National Fire Incident
Report System (NFIRS)
A national database administered by the United States Fire
Administration for reporting and analyzing incident information.
National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA)
A nonprofit group dedicated to reducing fire hazards through the
development of codes and standards, research, training, and education.
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
A federal agency in charge of collecting and analyzing data regarding
global weather, climate, and marine and coastal environments. NOAA
is a member of the National Response Team.
National Response Center
(NRC)
The federal point of contact for reporting oil spills or hazardous
substance releases. Can be reached by calling 1-800-424-8802.
National Response Team
(NRT)
The national body that is responsible for coordinating federal planning,
preparedness, and response actions related to oil discharges and
hazardous substances releases. Comprises a representative from 15
federal agencies.
National Strike Force
(NSF)
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) counterpart to the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emergency Response
Teams (ERTs).
Oil
Includes gasoline, crude oil, fuel oil, diesel oil, lubricating oil, sludge,
oil refuse, or any other petroleum-related product.
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On-Scene Coordinator
(OSC)
The federal official responsible for monitoring or directing responses to
all oil spills and hazardous substance releases reported to the federal
government. OSCs are tasked with spill assessment, monitoring,
response assistance, and evaluation duties.
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
(OSHA)
29 CFR 1910 refers to the OSHA training standards for hazardous
waste site workers and emergency responders.
Public Law 99-499
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986,
Title III.
Physical Hazard
A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a
combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, or an
organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive), or water
reactive.
Public Information Officer
(PIO)
An individual who serves as the authorized spokesperson to liaison
with media, conduct briefings, and otherwise disseminate information
concerning an incident.
Personal Protective
equipment (PPE)
Equipment that is used to protect site workers from chemical and
physical hazards. Examples include Tyvek® suits, gloves, and
respirators.
Pre-Incident Agreements
Agreements made before hazardous materials incidents. They are
authorized under the Incident Command law (Revised Code of
Washington 70.136), which provides immunity from liability when in
effect.
Promulgation/Adoption
Document
An official document that announces that a plan has been put into effect
by the district/organization/jurisdiction that publishes it.
Pesticide Safety Team
Network (PSTN)
Operated by the National Agriculture Chemicals Association to
minimize environmental damage and injury arising from accidental
pesticide spills or leaks.
Quasi-Governmental
Agencies
Privately funded organizations under government charter, such as the
Red Cross, that provide services to the general public.
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)
The federal legislation that gives EPA "cradle-to-grave" authority over
the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of
hazardous waste. RCRA focuses on active, rather than historical or
abandoned, facilities.
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Release
The spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,
discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing of any
extremely hazardous substance, toxic chemical, or hazardous chemical
into the environment.
Regional Response Team
(RRT)
A team comprising representatives from federal agencies that are part
of the National Response Team, as well as state representatives. The
RRT is responsible for regional emergency response assistance,
planning, training, and coordination.
Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act
(SARA), Title III
Title III is Emergency Preparedness and Community Right to Know Act
(orEPCRA).
State Emergency Response
Commission (SERC)
A state commission mandated by EPCRA. SERCs are tasked with
establishing Local Emergency Planning Districts; appointing Local
Emergency Planning Committees to oversee those districts;
coordinating committees, funds, and information; reviewing local
emergency response plans; and providing technical assistance. Tribes
may establish their own Tribal Emergency Response Committees
(TERCs).
State On-Scene
Coordinator (SOSC)
An individual responsible for directing and coordinating the state's
response to hazardous substance discharges.
Special Population
Developmentally disabled (including hearing, sight, and mobility
impaired) or residents of entities such as schools, hospitals, nursing
homes, and prisons.
Superfund
The trust fund established under CERCLA to provide money for site
cleanup operations.
Tab
Cohesive groups of information that are added at the end of a plan.
Tabs are used to provide detailed lists of information, telephone
numbers, drawings, maps, blueprints, or aerial photographs.
Tribal Emergency
Coordinator (TEC)
The tribal analogue to the Community Emergency Coordinator (CEC).
Threshold Planning
Quantity (TPQ)
Minimum quantity of regulated toxic chemical on site at a facility to
make it subject to Title III planning requirements.
Toxic Chemical
A substance described in Section 313 of SARA, Title III, as now
authorized or hereinafter amended. Common examples include
ammonia, benzene, chlorine, fluorine, and asbestos.
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United States Army Corps A mostly civilian group of engineers and scientists responsible for
of Engineers (USAGE) planning, designing, building, and operating civil works projects and
military facilities.
United States Coast Guard An agency of the Department of Homeland Security responsible for
(USCG) maritime safety and security, navigation, protection of natural
resources, and national defense. The USCG is a member of the
National Response Team.
United States The main federal agency in the United States responsible for
Environmental Protection enforcement of federal laws protecting the environment.
Agency (EPA)
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APPENDIX B
ERP TEMPLATE
Title Page
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Section 11
Section 12
Plan Promulgation, Review, and Distribution
* Promulgation
* Legal Authority
* Record of Review and Revision
* Distribution List
Background and Overview
* Plan Purpose
* Emergency Management Policies and Priorities
* Community Profile
* Relationship to Other Plans
Resources
* Local Resources
* Additional Resources from Outside Agencies/Organizations
Emergency Telephone Directory
* Local Emergency Numbers
* Regional Emergency Numbers
Disaster Preparedness
Hazard Analysis
Response Actions
Emergency Response Organization and Management
* Incident Command System
* Incident Management Team
* Supporting Facilities
* Direction and Control
* Communications
* Documentation
Warning, Evacuation, and Sheltering
* Warning Systems
* Evacuation Procedures
* Sheltering Procedures and Services
Disaster Declaration and Reporting
Post-Incident Actions
Plan Testing and Updating
* Emergency Response Training and Exercises
* Post-Exercise Review
Functional Annexes
Appendices
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APPENDIX C
REFERENCES FOR COMPLETING ERP
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Model Community Emergency Response Plan
Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council
A "fill-in-the-blank" template for preparing an all-hazards
community emergency response plan. Includes response
checklists for specific hazards. Some sections are specific to
Alaska.
February 2002
Contact the Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council
136 Dunkel Street, Suite 2
Fairbanks, AK 99701
907-451-2530
http://www.yritwc.com/
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Tribal Emergency Management Resource Guide, Idaho,
Oregon, Washington
FEMA, Region 10
Provides a comprehensive list of contacts for state, tribal, and
federal agencies and organizations that have emergency-
management-related programs or can provide technical
assistance.
NOTE: FEMA plans to publish a similar guide for Alaska in
2004.
June 2003
http: //www. fema. gov/regi ons/x/trib al. shtm
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Getting Started: Building Support for Mitigation Planning
(FEMA 3 86-1)
FEMA
Covers preliminary topics such as assessing community
support, building a planning team, and public participation.
September 2002
Download at http://www.fema.gov/fima/planning_toc5. shtm
or request by telephone at 1-800-480-2520
Title:
Author:
Description:
Understanding Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating
Losses (FEMA 3 86-2)
FEMA
Step-by-step guidance regarding how to accomplish a risk
assessment. Helps determine natural hazards that could
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Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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Document Date:
Document Location:
affect an area, which areas are vulnerable, and what
structures and infrastructure will be affected. Hazards
covered include flood, earthquake, tsunami, coastal storm,
landslide, and wildfire.
August 2001
Download at http://www.fema.gov/fima/planning toc3. shtm
or request by telephone at 1-800-480-2520
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Developing the Mitigation Plan; Identifying Mitigation
Actions and Implementing Strategies (FEMA 386-3)
FEMA
Covers development of mitigation goals and objectives,
identification of mitigation actions and capabilities, and
prioritization of actions.
April 2003
Download at
http://www.fema.gov/fima/planning howto3.shtm or request
by telephone at 1-800-480-2520
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Bringing the Plan to Life; Implementing the Hazard
Mitigation Plan (FEMA 386-4)
FEMA
Covers implementation of the plan and how to monitor and
evaluate mitigation actions to ensure continued plan
effectiveness.
August 2003
Download at
http://www.fema.gov/fima/planning_howto4.shtm or request
by telephone at 1-800-480-2520
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Integrating Human-Caused Hazards into Mitigation Planning
(FEMA 3 86-7)
FEMA
Most mitigation planning has focused on natural disasters.
This document covers incorporating impacts of terrorist acts
and technological disasters into mitigation plans.
September 2003
Download at http://www.fema.gov/fima/planning toc6.shtm
or request by telephone at 1-800-480-2520
C-2
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Alaska Unified Plan
EPA/USCG/ADEC
The Alaska federal and state preparedness plan for response
to oil and hazardous substance releases. Topics include
response, resources, wildlife protection, protection of cultural
resources, hazardous materials, and countermeasures.
NOTE: The plan is being revised (Change 3). Changes 1
and 2 are available to the public.
September 1999
http ://www. akrrt. org/plans. shtml
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Alaska Subarea Contingency Plans
EPA/USCG/ADEC
These plans supplement the Unified Plan by providing area-
specific information. Areas covered include Prince William
Sound, Kodiak Island, North Slope, Bristol Bay, Northwest
Arctic, Southeast Alaska, Cook Inlet, Aleutians, Interior, and
Western Alaska.
NOTE: Some of the subarea plans are being revised. The
current, non-draft versions are available to the public.
Various
http ://www. akrrt. org/plans. shtml
Title:
Author:
Description:
Document Date:
Document Location:
Northwest Area Contingency Plan
EPA/USCG/Washington State Department of
Ecology/Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
The federal and state preparedness plan for the Northwest
Region. Covers command, finance/administration, logistics,
operations, and planning functions as well as hazardous
substance identification, mitigation, and cleanup. Area
planning documentation such as countermeasures, response
technologies, and health and safety also is included.
February 2003
http://www.rrtlOnwac.com
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Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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Title: NRT-1 - Hazardous Materials Planning Guide (2001
Update)
Author: National Response Team (NRT)
Description: Covers topics such as the need for emergency planning,
selecting the planning team, developing the plan, and
planning elements.
Document Date: July 2001
Document Location: Download at http://www.nrt.org/production/nrt/home.nsf
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APPENDIX D
RESOURCES FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING
Following is a list of federal, regional, and state agencies and organizations that aid in
emergency response planning. Included are several response agencies and notification
telephone numbers for initial and remedial emergency response actions.
Federal Agencies
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) - Region 10
130 228th Street, Southwest
Bothell,WA 98021-9796
Telephone: (425) 487-4600
Fax: (425)487-4622
Web site: http://www.fema.gOv/regions/x/regx.shtm
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center
910 South Felton Street
Palmer, AK 99645
Telephone: (907) 745-4212
Fax: (907)745-6071
Web site: http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Telephone: (206) 553-1200 or (800) 424-4372
Web site: http://www.epa.gov/regionlO/
Alaska Operations Office
222 W. 7th Avenue #19
Anchorage, AK 99513-3424
Telephone: (907)271-5083
Fax: (907)271-3424
Idaho Operations Office
1435 N. Orchard Street
Boise, ID 83706
Telephone: (208) 378-5746
Fax: (208)378-5744
Oregon Operations Office
811 SW 6th Avenue, 3rd Floor
Portland, OR 97204
Telephone: (503) 326-3250
Fax: (503)326-3399
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Washington Operations Office
300 Desmond Drive SE #102
Lacey,WA 98503
Telephone: (360) 753-9457
Fax: (360)753-8080
Tribal Operations Office
Telephone: (206) 553-2887
Fax: (206)553-0151
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
Information Services
P.O. Box 25286
Denver, CO 80225
Telephone: (888) ASK-USGS (275-8747) or (303) 202-4700
Fax: (303)202-4693
Web site: http://www.usgs.gov
National Emergency Training Center (United States Fire Administration)
16825 South Seton Avenue
Emmitsburg, MA 21727-8998
Telephone: (800) 238-3358 or (301) 447-1035
Web site: http://www.usfa.fema.gov
Cascades Volcano Observatory
1300 SE Cardinal Court
Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589
Telephone: (360) 993-8900
Fax: (360)993-8980
Web site: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov
United States Fire Administration (USFA)
Publications
16825 South Seton Avenue
Emmitsburg, MA 21727-8998
Telephone: (301)447-1000
Fax: (301)447-1052
Web site: http://www.usfa.fema.gov
United States Department of Transportation (DOT)
400 Seventh Street, Southwest
Washington, D.C. 20590
Telephone: (202) 366-4000
Web site: http://www.dot.gov
Federal Highway Administration
Telephone: (202) 366-0537
Web site: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov
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Federal Railroad Administration
Telephone: (202) 366-0881
Web site: http://www.fra.dot.gov
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Telephone: (202) 366-0123 or (888) DASH-2-DOT (327-4236)
Web site: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov
Maritime Administration
Telephone: (202) 366-5812 or (800) 996-2723
Web site: http://marad.dot.gov
Research and Special Programs Administration
Telephone: (202) 366-4433
United States Coast Guard (USCG)
2100 2nd Street, Southwest
Washington, D.C. 20593-0001
Telephone: (202) 267-2229
Web site: http://www.uscg.mil/uscg.shtm
Marine Safety Office - Anchorage
510 L Street, Suite 100
Anchorage, AK 99506-1946
Telephone: (907)271-6700
Fax: (907)271-6751
Web site: www.uscg.mil/dl7/msoank/msoank.htm
Marine Safety Office - Juneau
2760 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A
Juneau, AK 99801
Telephone: (907) 463-2450
Fax: (907)463-2445
Marine Safety Office - Portland
6767 North Basin Ave.
Portland, OR 97217
Telephone: (503) 240-9356, (503) 240-9300, or (503) 240-9301
Fax: (503)240-9304
To Report an Oil or Chemical Spill: (800) 424-8802
Web site: http://www.uscg.mil/dl3/units/msoportland/
Marine Safety Office - Puget Sound
24-Hour Emergency Response: (206) 217-6231
Telephone: (206)217-6232
Web site: http://www.uscg.mil/dl3/units/msopuget/
Marine Safety Office - Valdez
105 Clifton Street
Valdez, AK 99686
D-3 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Telephone: (907) 835-7228 or 7229
Fax: (907)835-7287
After Hours Emergency Telephone: (907) 835-7200
Web site: www.uscg.mil/dl7/msovdez/index.html
State of Alaska
Alaska State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)
P.O. Box 5750
Fort Richardson, AK 99505-5750
Telephone: (800) 478-2337 or (907) 428-7000
Fax: (907)428-7009
Web site: http://www.ak-prepared.com/serc
Alaska Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management
(DHS&EM)
P.O. Box 5750
Fort Richardson, AK 99505-5750
Telephone: (800) 478-2337 or (907) 428-7000
Fax: (907)428-7009
Web site: http://www.ak-prepared.com
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC)
Web site: http://www.state.ak.us/local/akpages/ENV.CONSERV/
ADEC Juneau
410Willoughby Avenue, Suite 105
Juneau, AK 99801
Telephone: (907)465-5010
After Hours: (800)478-9300
Fax: (907)465-5097
ADEC Anchorage
555 Cordova Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
Telephone: (907) 269-7500
After Hours: (800)478-9300
Fax: (907)269-7652
ADEC Fairbanks
610 University Avenue
Fairbanks, AK 99709
Telephone: (907)451-2360
After Hours: (800)478-9300
Fax: (907)451-2187
Oil and Hazardous Substance Spill Response - ADEC Area Response Teams
After Hours: (800)478-9300
D-4 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Central Area Response Team
Telephone: (907) 269-3063
Fax: (907)269-7648
Northern Area Response Team
Telephone: (907)451-2121
Fax: (907)451-2362
Southeast Area Response Team
Telephone: (907) 465-5340
Fax: (907)465-2237
West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center
910 South Felton Street
Palmer, AK 99645
Telephone: (907) 745-4212
Fax: (907)745-6071
Web site: http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov
Alaska Geophysical Institute
University of Alaska Fairbanks
903 Koyukuk Drive
P.O. Box 757320
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320
Telephone: (907) 474-7558
Fax: (907)474-7125
Web site: http://www.gi.alaska.edu/
Alaska Fire Service Training
Department of Public Safety
Division of Fire Prevention
5700 East Tudor Road
Anchorage, AK 99507
Telephone: (907) 269-5789 or (907) 269-5491
Fax: (907)338-4375
Web site: http://www.dps.state.ak.us/firetraining/index
Alaska Fire Service Training
2760 Sherwood Lane
Juneau,AK 99801
Telephone: (907)465-3117
Fax: (907)465-4055
Alaska Department of Natural Resources
400 Willoughby Avenue, 5th Floor
Juneau,AK 99801
Telephone: (907) 465-2400
Fax: (907)465-3886
D-5 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Web site: http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/
3601 C Street, Suite 1210
Anchorage, AK 99503-5921
Telephone: (907)269-8431
Fax: (907)269-8918
Attorney General of Alaska
P.O. Box 110300
Juneau,AK 99811-0300
Telephone: (907) 465-3600 or (907) 465-2133
Fax: (907)465-2075
Web site: http://www.law.state.ak.us/
State of Idaho
Idaho Bureau of Disaster Services
Military Division
4040 Guard Street, Building 600
Boise, ID 83705-5004
Telephone: (208) 334-3460 or (208) 334-2336
Fax: (208)334-2322
Web site: http://www2.state.id.us/bds/
Idaho Bureau of Hazardous Materials
4040 Guard Street
Boise, ID 83705-5004
Telephone: (208) 422-5725
Fax: (208)422-4485
24-Hour Emergency Reporting Hotline: (800) 632-8000 (Idaho only)
24-Hour Emergency Release: (208) 846-7610
Web site: http://www2.state.id.us/serc/
Idaho State Emergency Response Commission (ISERC)
4040 Guard Street
Boise, ID 83705-5004
Telephone: (208) 422-5725
Fax: (208)422-4485
24-Hour Emergency Notification: (800) 632-8000 (Idaho only)
Web site: http://www2.state.id.us/serc/
Idaho Emergency Medical Services (IEMS)
24-Hour Emergency Notification
Telephone: (800) 632-8000 (Idaho only)
Web site: http://www2.state.id.us/dhw/ems/home.htm
D-6 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Idaho Emergency Services Training
650 West State Street, Room 324
Boise, ID 83720-0095
Telephone: (208)334-3216 Toil-Free: (888)242-0210
Fax: (208)334-2365
Web site: http://www.pte.state.id.us/services/iest/esthome.htm
State of Idaho Department of Administration
650 West State Street
P.O. Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-0003
Telephone: (208)332-1824
Fax: (208)334-2307
Web site: http://www2.state.id.us/adm
State of Idaho Office of Attorney General
700 West Jefferson Street
P.O. Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-0010
Telephone: (208) 334-2400
Fax: (208)334-2530
Web site: http://www2.state.id.us/ag
Natural Resources Division
P.O. Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-0010
Telephone: (208) 334-2400
Fax: (208)334-2690
Division of Environmental Quality State Office
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
Telephone: (208) 373-0502
Fax: (208)373-0417
Web site: http://www2.state.id.us/deq
Boise Regional Office
1445 N. Orchard
Boise, ID 83706-2239
Telephone: (208) 373-0550
Fax: (208)373-0287
Coeur d'Alene Regional Office
2110 Ironwood Parkway
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Telephone: (208) 769-1422
Fax: (208)769-1404
D-7 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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Idaho Falls Regional Office
900 N. Skyline, Suite B
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
Telephone: (208) 528-2650
Fax: (208)528-2695
Lewiston Regional Office
1118 F Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
Toil-Free: (877) 541-3304
Telephone: (208) 799-4370
Fax: (208)799-3451
Pocatello Regional Office
444 Hospital Way #300
Pocatello, ID 83201
Telephone: (208)236-6160
Fax: (208)236-6168
Twin Falls Regional Office
601 Pole Line Drive, Suite 2
Twin Falls, ID 83301
Telephone: (208) 736-2190
Fax: (208)736-2194
State of Oregon
Oregon Emergency Management
595 Cottage Street Northeast
Salem, OR 97301
Telephone: (503)378-2911
Fax: (503)558-1378
Web site: http://www.osp.state.or.us/oem/
Oregon Emergency Response System (OERS)
24-Hour Emergency Response
Telephone (Outside Oregon): (800) 452-0311
Telephone (Inside Oregon): (503) 378-6377
Web site: http://www.osp.state.or.us/oem/organization/oers/oers.htm
Oregon Board of Public Safety
Standards and Training (Fire Training)
550 North Monmouth Avenue
Monmouth, OR 97361
Telephone: (503) 378-2100
Fax: (503)838-8907
Web site: http://www.oregonvos.net/dpsst/fr/fr home.htm
D-8 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Web site: http://www.deq.state.or.us
DEQ Portland
811 SW Sixth Avenue
Portland, OR 97204-1390
Telephone: (503) 229-5696
Toil-Free (in Oregon): (800) 452-4011
Fax: (503)229-6124
DEQ Eugene
1102 Lincoln Street, Suite 210
Eugene, OR 97401
Telephone: (541) 686-7838
Toil-Free (in Oregon): (800) 844-8467
DEQ Bend
2146NE4th
Bend, OR 97701
Telephone: (541) 388-6146
Oregon Department of Forestry
2600 State Street
Salem, OR 97310
Telephone: (503) 945-7200
Fax: (503)945-7212
Web site: http://www.odf.state.or.us
Oregon Department of Transportation
355 Capitol Street, NE
Salem, OR 97310-3871
Telephone: (503)986-3283 Toil-Free: (888) ASK-ODOT (275-6368)
Web site: http://www.odot.state.or.us/home
Attorney General of Oregon
Department of Justice
1162 Court Street, NE
Salem, OR 97310-4096
Telephone: (503) 378-4620
Fax: (503)378-3784
Web site: http://www.doi.state.or.us/
State of Washington
Washington State Military Department
Emergency Management Division
Building 20, M/S: TA-20
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
D-9 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Telephone: (360)459-9191
Web site: http://www.wa.gov/wsem
Washington State Emergency Management Division
24-Hour Emergency Oil Spill Response
Telephone: (800) 258-5990 or (800) OIL-S911 (645-7911)
Washington State Enhanced 9-1-1 Office
Washington State Emergency Management
State E911 Office
P.O. Box 40955
Olympia,WA 98504-0955
Telephone: (360)923-4511
Fax: (360)923-4519
Web site: http://www.wa.gov/wsem/2-e911/911-idx.htm
Washington State Department of Ecology
300 Desmond Drive
Lacey,WA 98503
Telephone: (360) 407-6000
Web site: http://www.ecv.wa.gov/ecvhome.html
Northwest Region
3190 160th Avenue SE
Bellevue,WA 98008-5452
Telephone: (425) 649-7000
Southwest Region
300 Desmond Drive
Lacey,WA 98503
Telephone: (360) 407-6300
Central Region
15 West Yakima Avenue, Suite 200
Yakima,WA 98902-3452
Telephone: (509) 575-2490
East Region
N. 4601 Monroe
Spokane, WA 99205-1295
Telephone: (509) 329-3400
Kennewick (Hanford)
1315 W. 4th Avenue
Kennewick, WA 99336-6018
Telephone: (509)735-7581
Washington State Fire Prevention Program
Washington Department of Natural Resources
D-10 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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P.O. Box 47037
Olympia,WA 98504-7073
Telephone: (360) 902-1754
Fax: (360)902-1757
Web site: http://www.wa.gov/dnr/htdocs/rp/prevent.htm
Washington Assistant State Fire Marshal
Washington State Patrol
General Administration Building
P.O. Box 42600
Olympia,WA 98504-2600
Telephone: (360) 753-6540
Web site: http://www.wa.gov/wsp/fire/fireprev.htm
Washington Department of Natural Resources
Web site: http://www.wa.gov/dnr
Central Region
1405 Rush Road
Chehalis,WA 98532-8763
Telephone: (360) 748-2383
Northeast Region
225 South Silke Road
P.O. Box 190
Colville,WA 99114-0190
Telephone: (509) 684-7474
Northwest Region
919 North Township Street
Sedro-Woolley, WA 98284-9333
Telephone: (360) 856-3500
Olympic Region
411 Tillicum Lane
Forks, WA 98331-9797
Telephone: (360)374-6131
South Puget Sound Region
950 Farman Street, North
P.O. Box 68
Enumclaw,WA 98022-0068
Telephone: (360)825-1631
Southeast Region
713 East Bowers Road
Ellensburg, WA 98926-9341
Telephone: (509)925-8510
D-ll Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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Southwest Region
601 Bond Road
P.O. Box 280
Castle Rock, WA 98611-0280
Telephone: (360) 577-2025
Washington State Patrol
P.O. Box 42600
Olympia,WA 98504-2600
Telephone: (360) 753-6540
Web site: http://www.wa.gov/wsp/wsphome.htm
Washington State Attorney General
1125 Washington Street, SE
P.O. Box 40100
Olympia,WA 98504-0100
Telephone: (360) 753-6200
Fax: (360)586-7671
Web site: http://www.wa.gov/ago
D-12 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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APPENDIX E
LOCAL EMERGENCY PLANNING COMMITTEE (LEPC)
WEB SITE LISTING
United States Environmental Protection Agency LEPC Web Site:
http://www.epa.gov/ceppo/lepclist.htm
Alaska LEPCs
http://www.ak-prepared.com/serc/LEPC Home.htm
Idaho LEPCs
http://www.lhtac.org/manuals/hazard/local.pdf
Oregon LEPCs
http://www.lepcweb.com/us/or/
Washington LEPCs
http://www.lemd.wa.gov/5-ppt/prgms/serc/lepcs.htm
E-l Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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This page intentionally left blank.
E-2 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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APPENDIX F
NATIVE AMERICAN AND ALASKA NATIVE TRIBES
ALASKA
Village of Afognak
Native Village of Akhiok
Akiachak Native Community
Native Village of Akutan
Village of Alakanuk
Alatna Village
Native Village of Aleknagik
Algaaciq Native Village (Saint Mary's)
Allakeket Village
Native Village of Ambler
Village of Anaktuvuk Pass
Yupiit of Andreaf ski
Angoon Community Association
Village of Aniak
Anvik Village
Arctic Village (see Native Village of Venetie Tribal
Government)
Native Village of Atka
Asa'carsarmiut Tribe (formerly Native Village of Mountain
Village)
Atqasuk Village (Atkasook)
Village of Atmautluak
Native Village of Barrow Inupiat Traditional Government
(formerly Native Village of Barrow)
Beaver Village
Native Village of Belkofski
Village of Bill Moore's Slough
Birch Creek Village
Native Village of Brevig Mission
Native Village of Buckland
Native Village of Cantwell
Native Village of Chanega (a.k.a. Chenega)
Chalkyitsik Village
Village of Chefornak
Chevak Native Village
Chickaloon Native Village
Native Village of Chignik
Native Village of Chignik Lagoon
Chignik Lake Village
Chilkat Indian Village (Kluckwan)
Chilkoot Indian Association (Haines)
Chinik Eskimo Community (Golovin)
Native Village of Chistochina
Native Village of Chitina
Native Village of Chuathbaluk (Russian Mission, Kuskokwim)
Chuloonawick Native Village
Circle Native Community
Village of Clark's Point
www.afognak.com (Afognak Native Corporation)
http://www. konias.com/
http://www.calistacorD.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http ://www. dovon. com/
http://www.bbnc.net
N/A
http ://www. dovon. com/
http ://www. nana. com/
http://www.asrc.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.sealaska.com/
http://www.kuskokwim.com/
http ://www. dovon. com/
N/A
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.asrc.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.ukpik.com
http ://www. dovon. com/
N/A
N/A
http ://www. dovon. com/
http://www.berinsstraits.com/
http ://www. nana. com/
http ://ahtna-inc. com/
http://www.chenesa.com
http ://www. dovon. com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
N/A
http://www.bbnc.net
http://www.bbnc.net
http://www.bbnc.net
http://www.klukwan.com
http://www.sealaska.com/
http://www.berinsstraits.com/
http ://ahtna-inc. com/
http ://ahtna-inc. com/
http ://www.kuskokwim. com
N/A
http ://www. dovon. com/
http://www.bbnc.net
F-l
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Native Village of Council
Craig Community Association
Village of Crooked Creek
Curyung Tribal Council (formerly Native Village of Dillingham)
Native Village of Deering
Native Village of Diomede (a.k.a. Inalik)
Village of Dot Lake
Douglas Indian Association
Native Village of Eagle
Native Village of Eek
Egegik Village
Eklutna Native Village
Native Village of Ekuk
Ekwok Village
Native Village of Elim
Emmonak Village
Evansville Village (a.k.a. Bettles Field)
Native Village of Eyak (Cordova)
Native Village of False Pass
Native Village of Fort Yukon
Native Village of Gakona
Galena Village (a.k.a. Louden Village)
Native Village of Gambell
Native Village of Georgetown
Native Village of Goodnews Bay
Organized Village of Grayling (a.k.a. Holikachuk)
Gulkana Village
Native Village of Hamilton
Healy Lake Village
Holy Cross Village
Hoonah Indian Association
Native Village of Hooper Bay
Hughes Village
Huslia Village
Hydaburg Cooperative Association
Igiugig Village
Village of Iliamna
Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope
Iqurmuit Traditional Council (formerly Native Village of
Russian Mission)
Ivanoff Bay Village
Kaguyak Village
Organized Village of Kake
Kaktovik Village (a.k.a. Barter Island)
Village of Kalskag
Village of Kaltag
Native Village of Kanatak
Native Village of Karluk
N/A
http://www.sealaska.com/
http ://www.kuskokwim. com
http://www.bbna.com
http ://www. nana. com/
N/A
http ://www. dovon. com/
N/A
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.bbnc.net
N/A
http://www.bbnc.net
http://www.bbnc.net
http://www.kawerak.ors
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http ://www. dovon. com/
http://www.chugach-ak.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http ://www. dovon. com/
http ://ahtna-inc. com/
http ://www. dovon. com/
http://www.kawerak.org
http ://www.kuskokwim. com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http ://www. doy on. com/
http://ahtna-inc.com/
N/A
http ://www. doyon. com/
http ://www. doyon. com/
http://www.sealaska.com/
mail to : JDybd 1111 @aol. com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http ://www. doy on. com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.sealaska.com/
mail to: ceo-haida@excite.com
http://www.igiugig.com/
http://www.arctic.net/~newhalen/index.html
N/A
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
N/A
http://www.sealaska.com/
mail to: keexkwaan@starband.net
http://www.asrc.com/
mail to: nvkak@astacalaska.net
http://www.kuskokwim.com
http ://www. doy on. com/
mail to: kanatak@gci.net
http://www.koniag.com/
mail to: A961ynn@aol.com
F-2
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Organized Village of Kasaan
Native Village of Kasigluk
Kenaitze Indian Tribe
Ketchikan Indian Corporation
Native Village of Kiana
Agdaagux Tribe of King Cove
King Island Native Community
Native Village of Kipnuk
Native Village of Kivalina
Klawock Cooperative Association
Native Village of Kluti Kaah (a.k.a. Copper Center)
Knik Tribe
Native Village of Kobuk
Kokhanok Village
New Koliganek Village Council (formerly Koliganek Village)
Native Village of Kongiganak
Village of Kotlik
Native Village of Kotzebue
Native Village of Koyuk
Koyukuk Native Village
Organized Village of Kwethluk
Native Village of Kwigillingok
Native Village of Kwinhagak (a.k.a. Quinhagak)
Native Village of Larsen Bay
Levelock Village, Lesnoi Village (a.k.a. Woody Island)
Lime Village
Village of Lower Kalskag
Manley Hot Springs Village
Manokotak Village
Native Village of Marshall (a.k.a. Fortuna Ledge)
Native Village of Mary's Igloo
McGrath Native Village
Native Village of Mekoryuk
Mentasta Traditional Council (formerly Mentasta Lake Village)
Metlakatla Indian Community, Annette Island Reserve
Native Village of Minto
Naknek Native Village
Native Village of Nanwalek (a.k.a. English Bay)
Native Village of Napaimute
Native Village of Napakiak
Native Village of Napaskiak
Native Village of Nelson Lagoon
Nenana Native Association
New Stuyahok Village
Newhalen Village
Newtek Village
Native Village of Nightmute
http://www.sealaska.com/
mail to: Kasaanira@hotmail.com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
mail to: kenaitze@alaska.net
http://www.kictribe.com/
http://www.nana.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
mail to: king@nome.net
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http ://www. nana. com/
mail to: cekoenig@maniilaq.org
http://www.sealaska.com/
http://ahtna-inc.com/
N/A
http ://ahtna-inc. com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
mail to: jonelko@aol.com
http://www.bbnc.net/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.nana.com/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.koniag.com/
http://www.woodyisland.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http ://www. dovon. com/
mail to: fndmdl@aurora.alaska.eda
http ://www .bbnc. net/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
N/A
http ://www. dovon. com/
mail to: mtnt@mcgrathalaska.com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http ://ahtna-inc. com/
mail to: lauth@metlakatla.net
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
mail to: tanya@bristolbay.com
http://www.chugach-ak.com/
http ://www .kuskokwim. com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
mail to: Penaryukar@aol.com
http://www.arctic.net/~newhalen/index.html
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
F-3
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Nikolai Village
Native Village of Nikolski
Ninilchik Village
Native Village of Noatak
Nome Eskimo Community
Nondalton Village
Noorvik Native Community
Northway Village
Native Village of Nuiqsut (a.k.a. Nooiksut)
Nulato Village
Native Village of Nunapitchuk
Village of Ohogamiut
Village of Old Harbor
Orutsararmuit Native Village (a.k.a. Bethel)
Oscarville Traditional Village
Native Village of Ouzinkie
Native Village of Paimiut
Pauloff Harbor Village
Pedro Bay Village
Native Village of Perry ville
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
mail to: iratribaladmin@ak.net
http : //www . ninilchiktribe . org/
http://www.nana.com/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
http ://www. nana. com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.asrc.com/
mail to: lampe@co.north-slope.ak.us
http ://www. dovon. com/
mail to: nulatotribe@aol.com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
mail to: ewassillie@avcp.org
N/A
http://www.koniag.com/
mail to: ohncorp@aol.com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.koniag.com/
mail to: ouzinkietc@compuserve.com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
N/A
http://www.pedrobav.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
http://www.bbnc.net/
mail to: nvofperry@aol.com
F-4
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
-------
Petersburg Indian Association
Native Village of Pilot Point
Pilot Station Traditional Village
Native Village of Pitka's Point
Platinum Traditional Village
Native Village of Point Hope
Native Village of Point Lay
Native Village of Port Graham
Native Village of Port Heiden
Native Village of Port Lions
Portage Creek Village (a.k.a. Ohgsenakale)
Pribilof Islands Aleut Communities of St. Paul & St. George
Islands
Qagan Toyagungin Tribe of Sand Point Village
Rampart Village
Village of Red Devil
Native Village of Ruby
Village of Salamatoff
Organized Village of Saxman
Native Village of Savoonga
Saint George (see Pribilof Islands Aleut Communities of St. Paul
& St. George Islands)
Native Village of Saint Michael
Saint Paul (see Pribilof Islands Aleut Communities of St. Paul &
St. George Islands)
Native Village of Scammon Bay
Native Village of Selawik
Seldovia Village Tribe
Shageluk Native Village
Native Village of Shaktoolik
Native Village of Sheldon's Point (a.k.a. Nunam Iqua)
Native Village of Shishmaref
Native Village of Shungnak
Sitka Tribe of Alaska
Skagway Village
Village of Sleetmute
Village of Solomon
South Naknek Village
Stebbins Community Association
Native Village of Stevens
Village of Stony River
Takotna Village
Native Village of Tanacross
Native Village of Tanana
Native Village of Tatitlek
Native Village of Tazlina
Telida Village
Native Village of Teller
Native Village of Tetlin
Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes
http://www.sealaska.com/
mail to: piatrd@gci.net
http://www.bbnc.net/
mail to: pipcouncil@aol.com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.asrc.com/
http://www.asrc.com/
http://www.chugach-ak.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
http://www.koniag.com/
http://www.bbna.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http ://www.kuskokwim. com
http://www.doyon.com/
mailto : snainc@alaska.com
http://www.sealaska.com/
http://www.kawerak.org/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.nana.com/
http://www.snai.com/
mailto: ccollier@tribalnet.org
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.nana.com/
http ://www . sitkatribe . org/home .html
http://www.sealaska.com/
http ://www.kuskokwim. com
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http ://www .kuskokwim. com
http ://www. doy on. com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http://www.chugach-ak.com/
http ://ahtna-inc. com/
http://www.doyon.com/
http ://www .beringstraits. com/
N/A
http://www.tlingit-haida.org/
F-5
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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Traditional Village of Togiak
Native Village of Toksook Bay
Tuluksak Native Community
Native Village of Tuntutuliak
Native Village of Tununak
Twin Hills Village
Native Village of Tyonek
Ugashik Village
Umkumiute Native Village
Native Village of Unalakleet
Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska
Native Village of Unga
Village of Venetie (see Native Village of Venetie Tribal
Government)
Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government (Arctic Village and
Village of Venetie)
Village of Wainwright
Native Village of Wales
Native Village of White Mountain
Wrangell Cooperative Association
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
http://www.bbna.com/
mail to: togvc@bbna.com
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.calistacorp.com/
http://www.bbnc.net/
N/A
http://www.bbnc.net/
mail to: ugashik@alaska.net
N/A
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.aleutcorp.com/
N/A
N/A
N/A
http://www.asrc.com/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.beringstraits.com/
http://www.sealaska.com/
http://www.sealaska.com/
mail to: yttgm@hotmail.com
IDAHO
Coeur d'Alene Tribe of the Coeur d'Alene Reservation
Kootenai Tribe
Nez Perce Tribe
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation
www.cdatribe.com
www.kootenai.org
www.nezperce.org
www.sho-ban.com
OREGON
Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony
Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw
Indians
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community
Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
www.harnevcountv.com/Paiute.htm
www.coos-lowerumpqua-siuslaw.org
www. grandronde.org
www.ctsi.nsn.us
www.umatilla.nsn.us
F-6
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon
Coquille Tribe
Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians
Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort
McDermitt Indian Reservation
Klamath Indian Tribe
www.warmsprings.com
www.coquilletribe.org
http ://itcn. org/tribes/ftmcderm
http ://itcn. org/tribes/ftmcderm
www.klamathtribes.org
WASHINGTON
Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation
Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation
Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of
the Yakama Reservation
Hoh Indian Tribe of the Hoh Indian Reservation
Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe
Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel Reservation
Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha
Reservation
Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation
Makah Indian Tribe of the Makah Indian Reservation
Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation
Nooksack Indian Tribe
Port Gamble Indian Community of the Port Gamble Reservation
Puyallup Tribe of the Puyallup Reservation
Quileute Tribe of the Quileute Reservation
Quinault Tribe of the Quinault Reservation
Samish Indian Tribe
Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation
Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe
Skokomish Indian Tribe of the Skokomish Reservation
Spokane Tribe of the Spokane Reservation
Squaxin Island Tribe of the Squaxin Island Reservation
Stillaguamish Tribe
Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation
Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation
Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation
Upper Skagit Indian Tribe
www.chehalistribe.org
http://www.colvilletribes.com
N/A
N/A
www.jamestowntribe.org
http://www.kalispeltribe.com/index2.html
www.elwha.org
N/A
www.makah.com
N/A
N/A
www.pgst.nsn.us
www.geocities.com/puvallup tribe of indians
N/A
www.ghcog/quinpage.htm
www.samishtribe.nsn.us
N/A
www.sauk-suiattle.com
http://hood.hctc.com/~skokl/
www.spokanetribe.com
www.squaxinisland.org
N/A
www.suquamish.nsn.us
N/A
www.tulaliptribes.com
N/A
F-7
Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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F-8 Date Updated: 10/15/2004
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