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United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of the Chief Financial Officer (2701 A)
Publication Number: EPA-205-S-05-001
February 2005
www. epa. go v/ocfo
Recycled/Recyclable Printed on 100% Postconsumer, Process Chlorine Free Recycled Paper
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Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview:
Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview.
Goals:
Goal 1: Clean Air And Global Climate Change 1-1
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 2-1
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 3-1
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 4-1
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship 5-1
Appendices:
Categorical Grants Program A-1
Infrastructure Financing B-1
Trust Funds C-1
Budget Tables:
Agency Resources by Appropriation D-1
Agency Resources by Goal D-2
Agency Workforce by Goal D-3
Program Projects D-4
List of Acronyms E-1
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
EPA }s Mission
The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect and safeguard
human health and the environment, with a new focus on collaboration and partnerships with our
Geographic and Regional partners. This budget supports the Administration's commitment to
environmental results - increasing the pace of improvement and identifying new and better
ways to carry out our mission.
Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
The EPA's FY 2006 Annual Performance Plan and Budget requests $7.6 billion in
discretionary budget authority and 17,631 Full Time Equivalents (FTE). This request reflects
the Agency's efforts to work with its partners toward protecting air, water, and land, as well as
providing for EPA's role in safeguarding the Nation from terrorist acts. The request echoes the
Administration's commitment to setting high environmental protection standards, while focusing
on results and performance, and achieving goals outlined in the President's Management
Agenda.
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Protect and improve the air so it is healthy to breathe and risks to human
health and the environment are reduced. Reduce greenhouse gas
intensity by enhancing partnerships with businesses and other sectors.
The FY 2006 EPA President's Budget implements the Clean Air and Global Climate
Change goal through national programs designed to provide healthier outdoor and indoor air for
all Americans, protect the stratospheric ozone layer, minimize the risks from radiation releases,
reduce greenhouse gas intensity, and enhance science and research. EPA's key clean air
programs - particulate matter, ozone, acid rain, air toxics, indoor air, radiation and stratospheric
ozone depletion - address some of the highest health and environmental risks faced by the
nation.
EPA's strategy for achieving clean outdoor air includes a comprehensive, multi-pollutant
approach that combines national and local measures, with implementation responsibilities
carried out by the most appropriate and effective level of government. To address the high
priority of reducing nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions, the Agency continues to
promote the enactment of the Clear Skies legislation that the Administration submitted to
Congress in 2002. Although Clear Skies is the more comprehensive and cost effective
approach and therefore the strongly preferred solution, the Administration is also pursuing a
regulatory path that would achieve many of the same benefits should legislation not be enacted.
EPA has proposed the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) which regulates the transport of power
plant emissions of SO2 and NOx across state lines via a market-based approach similar to
Clear Skies and the existing Acid Rain program. Clean fuels and clean technologies are also an
integral part of reducing emissions from mobile sources. The FY 2006 President's Budget
provides $15.0 million for the Clean Diesel Initiative. EPA and a coalition of clean diesel
interests will work together to expand the retrofitting of diesel engines into new sectors by
in
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
adopting a risk-based strategy, targeting key places and working with specific use sectors to
identify opportunities to accelerate the adoption of cleaner technologies.
EPA's Climate Protection Programs will continue to contribute to the President's 18
percent greenhouse gas intensity reduction goal by 2012. A FY 2006 funding initiative for the
Climate Change Program is the Methane to Markets Partnership - a U.S. led international
initiative that promotes cost-effective, near-term methane recovery and use as a clean energy
source. The program provides for the development and implementation of methane projects in
developing countries and countries experiencing economic transition.
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Ensure drinking water is safe. Restore and maintain oceans, watersheds,
and their aquatic ecosystems to protect human health, support economic
and recreational activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants and
wildlife.
The FY 2006 EPA President's Budget implements the Clean and Safe Water goal
through programs designed to provide improvements in the quality of surface waters and
drinking water. In FY 2006, EPA will work with States and tribes to continue to accomplish
measurable improvements in the safety of the nation's drinking water, and in the conditions of
rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. With the help of these partners, EPA expects to make
significant progress in these areas, as well as support a few more focused water initiatives.
During FY 2006, EPA, the States, and community water systems will build on past
successes while working toward the FY 2008 goal of assuring that 95 percent of the population
served by community water systems receives drinking water that meets all applicable
standards. To help ensure that water is safe to drink, the FY 2006 President's Budget requests
$850 million for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.
In FY 2006, EPA will work with States to make continued progress toward the clean
water goals to implement core clean water programs, including innovations that apply programs
on a watershed basis, and to accelerate efforts to improve water quality on a watershed basis.
To protect and improve water quality, a top priority is to continue to support water quality
monitoring. The Agency's request expands the monitoring initiative begun in FY 2005 to
establish a nationwide monitoring network and expand the baseline water quality assessment to
lakes and streams. The initiative will allow EPA to establish scientifically defensible water
quality data and information essential for cleaning up and protecting the Nation's waters. To
support sustainable wastewater infrastructure, EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization
to the Clean Water State Revolving Funds (CWSRF). The budget will allow EPA to meet the
Administration's Federal capitalization target of $6.8 billion total for 2004 - 2011 and enable the
CWSRF to eventually revolve at a level of $3.4 billion.
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Preserve and restore the land by using innovative waste management
practices and cleaning up contaminated properties to reduce risks posed
by release of harmful substances.
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
The FY 2006 President's Budget implements the Land Preservation and Restoration
goal through continued promotion of the Land Revitalization Initiative, first established in 2003.
Revitalized land can be used in many beneficial ways, including the creation of public parks, the
restoration of ecological systems, the establishment of multi-purpose developments, and the
establishment of new businesses. Regardless of whether a property is an abandoned industrial
facility, a waste disposal area, a former gas station, or a Superfund site, this initiative helps to
ensure that reuse considerations are fully integrated into all EPA cleanup decisions and
programs. Through the One Clean-up Program, the Agency will also work with its partners and
stakeholders to enhance coordination, planning and communication across the full range of
Federal, State, Tribal and local clean-up programs to promote consistency and enhanced
effectiveness at site cleanups.
Enforcement activities are also critical to the Agency's ability to clean up the vast
majority of the nation's worst hazardous sites, by securing funding from Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs). The Agency will continue to encourage the establishment and use of Special
Accounts within the Superfund Trust Fund to finance cleanups. These accounts segregate site-
specific funds obtained from responsible parties that complete settlement agreements with EPA.
These funds can create an incentive for other PRPs to perform work they might not be willing to
perform or used by the Agency to fund clean up. The result is the Agency can clean up more
sites and preserve appropriated Trust Fund dollars for sites without viable PRPs.
The FY 2006 President's Budget funds the Superfund Appropriation at $1.3 billion.
Within this total, the Superfund Remedial Program provides significant resources in EPA's effort
to preserve and restore land to productive use. In FY 2006, EPA anticipates completing
construction of remedies at 40 Superfund sites.
The FY 2006 President's Budget will also continue to promote the minimization of waste.
Through the Resource Conservation Challenge, a national effort has been launched to
challenge every American to prevent pollution and promote recycling and reuse, and conserve
energy and materials. In FY 2006, EPA's municipal solid waste program will implement a set of
coordinated strategies, including source reduction (also called waste prevention), recycling
(including composting), combustion with energy recovery, and landfilling.
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Protect, sustain, or restore the health of people, communities, and
ecosystems using Integrated and comprehensive approaches and
partnerships.
The FY 2006 President's Budget implements the Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
goal through a blend of regulatory, voluntary and incentive-based programs. Some
environmental issues are best resolved through multi-media, multi-stakeholder approaches.
The Healthy Communities and Ecosystems goal seeks to reduce risks through community and
geographically based programs: Brownfields, Wetlands protection, and our nation's great water
bodies programs such as the Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico and Chesapeake Bay. Another focus
is on ensuring safer chemicals and pesticides, which impact all media. FY 2006 will be a key
year for the chemicals and pesticides programs as the Agency works to complete the final
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
milestone in the ten-year pesticide tolerance reassessment program, which ensures older food-
use pesticides meet the latest scientific standards for safety. Core research in this goal
provides the scientific basis for EPA's human health and ecosystem programs and explores
cutting-edge issues that may become the problems, or the solutions, of future environmental
protection.
In FY 2006, vital community restoration of abandoned contaminated properties will
remain a priority as the Brownfields program continues at $210 million. The Great Lakes
program will meld multi-media and multi-stakeholder efforts to remedy pollution, with the Great
Lakes Legacy program increasing to $50 million to remediate sediment contaminated by
improperly managed old industrial chemicals. Toxic chemicals reduction is also the emphasis of
Community Action for a Renewed Environment projects, with an increase of $7 million, which
will offer many more communities the opportunity to improve their environment through
voluntary action. In the research area, over $5 million is requested for the Advanced Monitoring
Initiative to combine information technology with remote sensing capabilities, to allow faster,
more efficient response to changing environmental conditions such as forest fires or storm
events, as well as current ecosystems stressors in sensitive areas such as the Great Lakes or
the Everglades.
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Improve environmental performance through compliance with
environmental requirements, preventing pollution, and promoting
environmental stewardship. Protect human health and the environment by
encouraging innovation and providing incentives for governments,
businesses, and the public that promote environmental stewardship.
The FY 2006 President's Budget implements the Compliance and Environmental
Stewardship goal through technical assistance and education, inspection and enforcement;
encouraging innovation and pollution prevention; and through capacity-building and support for
tribal environmental programs. Compliance assistance and enforcement are critical
components of environmental protection. EPA supports the regulated community by assuring
requirements are clearly understood, and by helping industry identify cost-effective compliance
options. Compliance is maximized through assistance and incentives, and enforcement.
In 2004, the Agency achieved over one billion pounds in pollutant reduction through
enforcement actions. In FY 2006 EPA will further refine its 'smart enforcement' strategy that
combines inspection, enforcement and compliance assistance strategies. The EPA will assist
the regulated community in understanding and complying with environmental laws and
regulations, and will reduce noncompliance through inspections, monitoring and ultimately
through enforcement, where needed. The Agency will respond to complaints from the public;
strive to secure a level economic playing field for law-abiding companies; and deter future
violations.
The Agency also works to improve and encourage pollution prevention and sustainable
practices, helping industry move beyond compliance and become partners in protecting our
national resources and our citizens' health. EPA works with manufacturers to increase energy
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
efficiency, find environmentally preferable substitutes for chemicals of concern, and change
processes to reduce toxic waste. Innovative front end approaches also support state- and
tribal-level efforts to reduce pollution, leverage technology and increase communication through
data sharing and collaboration.
In FY 2006 EPA will continue to work with industrial sectors to set pollution reduction
goals, provide tools and technical assistance, and identify innovative strategies to reduce risks.
In the tribal GAP program, the Agency will support approximately 510 federally recognized
Tribes in assessing environmental conditions on their lands and building environmental
programs tailored to their needs. In addition, the tribal program is looking to information
technology solutions and will integrate 10 existing Agency data systems in using common
Identifier codes and data standards in 2006.
Homeland Security
Homeland security is a top priority for EPA and the nation. EPA plays a lead role in
protecting U.S. citizens and the environment from the effects of attacks that release chemical,
biological or radiological agents. Following the cleanup and decontamination efforts of 2001,
the Agency has focused on ensuring we have the tools and protocols needed to detect and
recover quickly from deliberate incidents. The emphasis for FY 2006 is on several areas:
decontamination of threat agents, protecting our water and food supplies, and ensuring trained
personnel and key lab capacities are in place to be drawn upon in the event of an emergency.
In FY 2006, the Agency request includes substantial new resources for these efforts.
$44 million will support deployment of Water Sentinel, a pilot monitoring and surveillance
program that will promote early warning of intentional contamination events in drinking water
systems. Critical tools, training, and exercises will complement this project, in collaboration with
State, local communities and water utilities. The program includes resources to create the
Water Alliance for Threat Reduction to train and prepare our nation's drinking water systems
operators.
Response to terrorist events calls for decontamination from many new hazards.
Environmental decontamination research and preparedness response will increase by $19.4
million and an additional $4 million is requested for the Safe Buildings research program. To
support EPA's water security and decontamination programs, new resources ($11.6 million) are
also requested for Environmental Laboratory Preparedness and Response (ELPR) activities.
ELPR will plan for certain fundamental laboratory network needs, such as, (1) identification of
labs, (2) appropriate connectivity between member labs, (3) standardized methods and
measurements for environmental samples of terrorism-related agents of concern, (4) training
and continuing education for member laboratories, (5) accreditation and accountability.
Workforce
EPA values its world class workforce and its expertise enables us to meet our urgent
responsibilities across a broad range of national and local environmental issues. In 2006 we
are making a modest adjustment to EPA's workforce management strategy that will help us
better align resources, skills, and Agency priorities. A key step in this adjustment is improving
the alignment between the total number of positions authorized and on actual FTE utilization.
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
As such, EPA is reducing its Agency authorized FTE base by approximately 300 positions to
17,631, which is still above our current employee base and consistent with the Agency's historic
FTE levels The result of these reductions will not impede Agency efforts to maximize efficiency
and effectiveness in carrying out its programs and will not result in overall change in the
numbers of FTE at EPA. The program project descriptions provided later in this document,
provide the details of these changes
Note: Due to timing and ongoing work on the Agency's Operating Plan, resources from the FY 2005
Consolidated Appropriations Bill are not included in this document.
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
Environmental Protection Agency's
Resources by Major Category
(Dollars in Billions)
O Infrastructure
D Trust Funds
O Operating Programs
$9
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
FYs 1996-2004 reflect EPA's final Enacted Operating Plan
FYs 2005-2006 reflect the President's Budget. (Figures exclude offsetting receipts of $30 million in FY 2005
and $50 million in FY 2006.)
FY 2002 does not include $175.6 million provided for Homeland security in the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act.
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
Environmental Protection Agency's Workforce
18 000 -
17 500 -
17,000 -
16,500 -
16,000 -
15,500 -
1 5 000 -
17,082
17,152
17,739
18 110
17,670
17,558
17,478
17,741
17,277
17,904
17,631.
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
FYs 1995-2004 reflect actual FTE usage.
FY 2005 is the workforce ceiling based on total Agency authorized positions, not expected FTE
utilization.
FY 2006 reflects the President's Budget, which reduces the workforce ceiling based on
historical trends of actual usage, but will not result in an overall change in the numbers of FTE
at EPA..
Note: FY 2005 and FY 2006 FTEs include Public Health Service employees
(approximately 80).
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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
Environmental Protection Agency's
FY 2006 Budget by Goal
Total Agency: $7,571 Million
Goal 4
17.7%
Goal 5
10.1%
Goal 3
22.3%
GoaH
12.8%
Goal 2
37.2%
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
XI
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Strategic Goal: Protect and improve the air so it is healthy to breathe and risks to
human health and the environment are reduced. Reduce greenhouse gas intensity by
enhancing partnerships with businesses and other sectors.
12.8% of Budget
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
1 - Healthier Outdoor Air
2 - Healthier Indoor Air
3 - Protect the Ozone Layer
4 - Radiation
5 - Reduce Greenhouse Gas Intensity
6 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 1 Total
Workyears *
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$660,428.2
$50,257.9
$22,760.6
$35,132.0
$111,516.0
$130,932.6
$1,011,027.3
2,760.2
FY2006
President's
Budget
$612,802.7
$48,451.1
$20,573.9
$38,839.2
$114,922.6
$133,293.2
$968,882.7
2,658.1
Difference
-$47,625.5
-$1,806.8
-$2,186.7
$3,707.1
$3,406.6
$2,360.7
-$42,144.6
-102.2
* Agency authorized FTE levels are being aligned with actual utilization. See workforce section in the
overview.
EPA implements the Clean Air and Global Climate Change goal through national
programs designed to provide healthier outdoor and indoor air for all Americans, protect the
stratospheric ozone layer, minimize the risks from radiation releases, reduce greenhouse gas
intensity, and enhance science and research. In implementing the goal, EPA carries out its
responsibilities through programs that include several common elements: setting risk-based
priorities; facilitating regulatory reform and market-based approaches; partnering with state,
Tribal, and local governments, non-governmental organizations, and industry; promoting energy
efficiency; and using sound science.
EPA's key clean air programs - particulate matter, ozone, acid rain, air toxics, indoor air,
radiation and stratospheric ozone depletion - address some of the highest health and
environmental risks faced by the nation. These programs have achieved results. Every year,
state and Federal air pollution programs established under the Clean Air Act prevent tens of
thousands of premature mortalities, millions of incidences of chronic and acute illness, tens of
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
thousands of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, and millions of lost work days.
Between 1970 and 2003, gross domestic product (GDP) increased 176 percent, vehicle miles
traveled increased 155 percent, energy consumption increased 45 percent, and U.S. population
grew by 39 percent. During the same time period, total emissions of the six principal air
pollutants dropped by 51 percent. The graphic below shows the decrease in emissions versus
the percentage growth in GDP, vehicle use, energy consumption, and population since 1970.
of
200%
100°,
50%
-50°,
176%
155%
45%
39%
-51'
70 80 90 95 98 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
The benefits of implementing the Clean Air Act exceed costs by a factor of six or seven
to one, as noted in OMB's report, Informing Regulatory Decisions. Based on EPA's estimates,
Clean Air Act costs have been relatively small compared to the dollar value of public health and
environmental benefits. For EPA's voluntary climate change programs, every EPA dollar spent
returns $75 in energy savings. To achieve the Clean Air and Global Climate Change goal, we
will use the following strategies:
• Long term - We will make decisions today that increase the pace of environmental
progress and significantly enhance public health for generations to come.
• Collaborate - We will achieve our goals through meaningful and productive interaction
with others who seek environmental progress and improved public health.
• Enhance Economic Growth and Prosperity - Our actions will not compromise our
economic competitiveness, and will have benefits that justify their costs.
• Strategically Focused and Performance-Based - We will link our priorities to
EPA's 2003-2008 Strategic Plan: Direction for the Future and measure our success by
our outcomes.
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
• National Standards, Compliance and Enforcement - We will set strong national
standards, assist with compliance, and bring the full force of the law consistently and
fairly on those who evade.
• Markets, Incentives and Innovation - We will benefit from the power of markets
and well-crafted incentives to increase the velocity of progress, stimulate technological
innovation and reward performance.
• Best Science - We will generate, share and rely on the best-available scientific,
engineering and economic information to guide our endeavors.
Historically, environmental progress has been achieved largely by advances in
environmental technologies - including such advances as catalytic converters on cars and
trucks, sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubbers, selective catalytic reduction for nitrogen oxides (NOX)
removal, and reformulated gasoline. EPA can foster demand for new and innovative, cost-
effective technologies by designing and promoting market-based strategies, such as the
President's Clear Skies Initiative cap-and-trade program, that create markets and provide
incentives to develop the most efficient, best-performing technologies. Technological innovation
will continue to be the foundation that will enable us to reach aggressive goals over the next 15
years that will match or exceed the progress we have made in the past. Hundreds of new
products are under development, in testing, or coming to market that will further help meet air
quality goals. Fuel cells, hybrid vehicles, renewable fuels, and zero-emission power plants are
only a few examples of the new and emerging technologies that will help us achieve cleaner air
for all Americans over the next 15 years.
Healthier Outdoor Air
EPA's strategy for achieving clean outdoor air includes the President's Clear Skies
Initiative - a comprehensive, multi-pollutant approach that combines national and local
measures, with implementation responsibilities carried out by the most appropriate and effective
level of government. Air pollution sources with broad regional, national or global impact -
emissions from power plants and other large sources, pollution from motor vehicles and fuels,
and stratospheric ozone depletion - are often most effectively handled at the Federal level. A
national approach allows for the use of traditional, regulatory tools where appropriate, and
enables EPA to implement innovative, market-based techniques such as emissions trading,
banking, and averaging, and other cost-effective national programs. These Federal programs
help states and Tribes both meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and reduce
public exposure to harmful levels of air toxics.
States, Tribes, and local agencies can best address the regional and local problems that
remain after Federal measures have been fully applied. Many of these approaches employ
innovative techniques, such as early action compacts, diesel retrofits and community-based
approaches to toxics that are well-suited to the local nature of many air-related problems. EPA
works closely with public- and private-sector partners and stakeholders to develop the analytical
tools - such as monitoring, modeling, and emission factors and inventories - that allow states,
Tribes, and localities to address these more localized problems.
To improve air quality and address the highest health and environmental risks, EPA will
proceed with Federal stationary and mobile source programs aimed at achieving large,
nationwide, cost-effective reductions in emissions of particulate matter (PM) and its contributors
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such as SO2, NOX, and elemental and organic carbon; ozone-forming NOX; and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). In FY 2006, we will continue our progress towards healthier air by helping
states, Tribes, and localities meet ozone and particulate matter air quality standards by their
attainment dates under the Clean Air Act via the President's Clear Skies Initiative or, should
legislation not be enacted, through the Clean Air Interstate Rule. EPA is coordinating its efforts
to implement these standards with the Regional Haze rule to maximize the ability of the states,
Tribes and regulated community to respond to these requirements in an integrated fashion.
Continued research into air quality models and other tools will enable states and local areas to
attain these standards as cost-effectively as possible. Joint efforts with Canada and Mexico will
address transboundary air pollution in the U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico border regions. In
their efforts to attain the standards, states and local areas will be able to take advantage of
market-based approaches.
While significant progress has been made under the existing Clean Air Act, further
benefits could be achieved faster, with more certainty, and at less cost to consumers through
Clear Skies - an Administration proposal that expands the current Acid Rain program to
dramatically reduce nationwide power plant emissions of SO2 and NOX, as well as, for the first
time ever, reduce mercury emissions from power plants. Clear Skies would reduce emissions
of these three pollutants by nearly 70 percent while encouraging innovation and the deployment
of cleaner, more cost effective technologies. The Clear Skies legislation was submitted to
Congress in 2002 and the Administration continues to promote its enactment.
Although Clear Skies is the more comprehensive and cost effective approach and
therefore the strongly preferred solution, the Administration is pursuing a regulatory path that
would achieve many of the same benefits should legislation not be enacted. EPA has proposed
the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) which regulates the transport of power plant emissions of
SO2 and NOx across state lines via a market-based approach similar to Clear Skies. CAIR is
projected to reduce pollution from electrical power generation sources by close to 70% when
fully implemented.
Both Clear Skies and CAIR call for utilities to utilize a cap and trade program modeled
after EPA's successful Acid Rain SO2 Allowance Trading Program. The Acid Rain Program
provides incentives for operators of power plants to find the best, fastest, and most efficient
ways to make the required reductions in emissions as well as to do make reductions earlier than
required.
One of EPA's highest priorities is meeting the fine particulate matter and ozone
standards. This will be achieved through implementation of Clear Skies or CAIR; the on-road
and non-road vehicle and fuels standards; and state, tribal, and local clean air programs. When
combined with emission reductions from the recently completed Clean Air Non-road Diesel Rule
and other national control programs, the reductions resulting from Clear Skies or the final CAIR
will allow most areas of the country to meet the ozone and fine particulate matter standards
without having to impose additional local controls. States rely on EPA for modeling, emissions
factors and other tools as they develop their clean air plans for particulate matter and ozone.
Clean fuels and clean technologies are an integral part of reducing emissions from
mobile sources. EPA promotes the use of clean fuels - especially hydrogen, alternative fuels,
and near-zero sulfur fuels - as well as cleaner technologies. Cost-effective national standards,
public/private partnerships, market incentives, and consumer education campaigns are some of
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the tools that will be used to accomplish this. Opportunities exist to obtain significant reductions
from new non-road and existing diesel engines. The Agency will continue to work with engine
manufacturers and fuel producers to assure smooth implementation of the 2007 Clean Diesel
Program for trucks and buses. The Clean School Bus USA program has also led the Agency to
explore other avenues for retrofitting or replacing existing diesel engines.
In FY 2006, EPA and a coalition of clean diesel interests will work together to expand the
retrofitting of diesel engines into new sectors by adopting a risk-based strategy, targeting key
places and working with specific use sectors to identify opportunities to accelerate the adoption
of cleaner technologies and fuels. EPA will partner with a diverse group of stakeholders
including industry, state and local governments, public health officials and environmental
organizations to develop strategies for four sectors: construction, ports, freight, and school
buses. EPA's Clean Diesel Initiative will achieve immediate results by working with this coalition
to leverage Federal funds with private sector and state and local support. The Initiative will
complement regional approaches, including the West Coast Diesel Emissions Reduction
Collaborative, the Midwest Clean Diesel Corridors Initiative, and the Boston Breathes Better
Initiative.
The Clean Air Act includes a variety of provisions that address air toxics from all
categories of sources. The 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) listed in the Act are emitted
from mobile sources, major stationary sources and area stationary sources. EPA implements a
two-phase program to reduce emissions of air toxics from major stationary sources. In the first
phase, EPA set Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards. In the second
phase, which is risk-based, EPA examines each MACT standard eight years after promulgation
to determine if the health risk remaining from each industrial category from is considered safe.
Where appropriate, EPA will develop more stringent residual risk standards to reduce cancer
and non-cancer health risks.
Healthier Indoor Air
The Indoor Air Program addresses indoor air quality problems by characterizing the risks
of indoor air pollutants to human health, developing techniques for reducing those risks, and
educating the public about what they can do to reduce their risks from indoor air. Through
voluntary partnerships with non-governmental and professional organizations, EPA educates
and encourages individuals, schools, industry, the health care community, and others to take
action to reduce health risks in indoor environments. EPA also uses technology-transfer to
improve the design, operation, and maintenance of buildings - including schools, homes, and
workplaces - to promote healthier indoor air.
Climate Protection Program
EPA's Climate Protection Programs continues to contribute to the greenhouse gas
reductions required to meet the President's 18 percent greenhouse gas intensity reduction goal
by 2012. For more than a decade, businesses and organization have partnered with EPA
through voluntary climate protection programs to pursue common sense approaches. Energy
Star and other voluntary programs have increased the use of energy-efficient products and
practices and reduced emissions of carbon dioxide, as well as methane and other greenhouse
gases with very high global warming potentials. As these partnership programs spur investment
in advanced energy technologies and the purchase of energy-efficient products, they create
emissions reduction benefits that accrue over the lifetime of the investment or product.
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Offering recognition for innovative solutions to commuting challenges faced by
employers and employees, Best Workplaces for CommutersSM is a public-private sector
voluntary program advocating employee commuter benefits. Established by the EPA and the
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), this program publicly recognizes employers whose
commuter benefits reach the National Standard of Excellence. Providing commuter benefits
helps employers address limited or expensive parking, reduce traffic congestion, improve
employee recruiting and retention, and minimize the environmental impacts associated with
drive-alone commuting.
EPA continues to expand the ENERGY STAR program for energy efficiency in the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The Buildings Sector represents one of EPA's
largest areas of potential, and at the same time is one of its most successful. The Industrial
Sector goals include the Agency's work with state and local governments, and state and local
governments' work with industry to prevent greenhouse gas emissions. EPA will continue to
build on the success of the voluntary programs in the industrial sector, focusing on reducing
CO2 emissions and continuing the highly successful initiatives to reduce methane emissions and
emissions of the high global-warming-potential gases.
The SmartWay Transport Partnership is a national voluntary program developed by EPA
and freight industry representatives to reduce greenhouse gases and air pollution and promotes
cleaner, more efficient ground freight transportation. By 2012, the Partnership aims to reduce as
much as 33 to 66 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and up to 200,000 tons
of nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions annually. Partners achieve goals by adopting improved
practices, processes and energy saving technologies that are cost effective, cleaner, more
efficient, and capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Under the Clean Automotive Technology (CAT) program, EPA works to: achieve ultra-
low pollution emissions; increase fuel efficiency; and reduce greenhouse gases. By promoting
the development of cost-effective technologies, the CAT program also encourages
manufacturers to produce cleaner and more fuel-efficient vehicles. The program encourages
the commercialization of promising technologies by actively pursuing the transfer of EPA's
technologies into the private sector. EPA partners with industry to maximize the viability of
targeted technologies for commercial production through cooperative research and
development agreements.
An FY 2006 Climate Change Program initiative is the Methane to Markets Partnership -
a U.S. led international initiative that promotes cost-effective, near-term methane recovery and
use as a clean energy source. The Partnership has the potential to deliver by 2015 annual
reductions in methane emissions of up to 50 MMTCE or recovery of 500 billion cubic feet (Bcf)
of natural gas. The Methane to Markets Partnership builds on the success of EPA's domestic
methane voluntary programs by creating an international forum to promote methane recovery
and use projects in developing countries.
The benefits of increasing methane recovery and use include reduced global methane
emissions, enhanced economic growth, increased energy security, and improved local air
quality. The Partnership initially targets three major methane sources: landfills, underground
coal mines, and natural gas and oil systems. The Partnership will achieve its goals through
collaboration among developed countries, developing countries, and countries with economies
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
in transition - together with strong participation from the private sector, development banks, and
other governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Protecting the Ozone Layer
EPA's Domestic Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program will implement the provisions
of the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
(Montreal Protocol), which will lead to the reduction and control of ozone-depleting substances
(ODSs) in the U.S. and lower health risks to the American public due to exposure to UV
radiation. EPA will focus its efforts on finding alternatives to methyl bromide, an ozone-
depleting substance.
Radiation
In FY 2006, EPA will continue upgrading the national radiation monitoring system. The
response time and data dissemination of the upgraded monitoring system would be significantly
better than that of the existing monitoring system, and the population coverage of the upgraded
system would be significantly better than the population coverage of the existing fixed
monitoring system as well as allowing for greater density of sampling locations near and
downwind from incidents and maintenance and calibration of deployable monitoring stations.
Additionally, EPA will equip up to two radiation teams with state-of-the-art radiation equipment
and technical tools to deploy to two simultaneous incidents in any part of the country. Each
team will be fully capable of providing timely and accurate information to support the Agency's
decontamination/disposal decision-making efforts. EPA will also augment existing applied
science radiological labs to meet emergency homeland security needs by developing
radiochemistry methods, refining analytical protocols, and conducting training. EPA will also
enhance lab response capability to ensure a minimal level of surge capacity for radiological
terrorism incidents.
Research
EPA's air research provides the scientific foundation the Agency needs to fulfill
responsibilities under the Clean Air Act: to make the air safe to breathe and protect human
health and the environment. This research focuses on the NAAQS pollutants, as well as the
HAPs identified in the Act.
In FY 2006, NAAQS research will continue to strengthen the scientific basis for the
periodic review and implementation of air quality standards. This research is concentrated on
PM, and includes research on the other NAAQS pollutants on an as needed basis (for more
information on EPA's programs to reduce NAAQS pollutants, visit:
http://www.epa.qov/ord/htm/air.htm). PM research is aligned with the ten priority research
topics for PM identified by the National Research Council (NRC). The NRC has conducted four
reviews of EPA's PM research since 1998 to ensure it is relevant to the highest priority research
needs and to monitor research performance.
Air toxics research will provide information on effects, exposure, and source
characterization, as well as other data to quantify existing emissions and to identify key
pollutants and strategies for cost-effective risk management. In FY 2006, research will focus on
providing health hazard and exposure methods, data, and models to enable the Agency to
reduce uncertainty in risk assessments, and the production of tools that enable national,
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
regional, state, or local officials to identify and implement cost-effective approaches to reduce
risks from sources of air toxics.
EPA manages its air-related research programs according to the Administration's
Investment Criteria for Research and Development. The Agency's detailed, externally-reviewed
multi-year plans for its air toxics and NAAQS-related research programs describe clear goals
and priorities, and are periodically updated to reflect changes in science and resources. As part
of the periodic multi-year plan revisions, EPA is examining the design of each program to help
identify its outputs, customers, transfer needs, and short-, intermediate-, and long-term
outcomes. Beginning in FY 2005, EPA is implementing regular evaluations by independent and
external panels that provide prospective and retrospective review of program relevance, quality,
and performance, including the program's design and performance goals. The Agency's Board
of Scientific Counselors, the chosen mechanism for these reviews, will examine the particulate
matter research program in the second quarter of FY 2005. The NAAQS program will be
reassessed by OMB's Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) in the spring of 2005.
In FY 2006, a portion of EPA's air research will be accomplished using a new approach
to applied research funding at EPA. This arrangement, based on the existing collaborative
framework between the media and research offices, is designed to ensure continued relevance
and quality of applied research at EPA. In FY 2006, funds will be provided to the Office of Air
and Radiation to use a fee-for-service arrangement with the Office of Research and
Development to obtain additional research focusing on the Agency's highest priority air research
needs.
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Strategic Goal: Ensure drinking water is safe. Restore and maintain oceans, watersheds,
and their aquatic ecosystems to protect human health, support economic and recreational
activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants, and wildlife.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
^>u/
37.2% of Budget
1 - Protect Human Health
2 - Protect Water Quality
3 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 2 Total
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$1,169,287.4
$1,653,907.9
$121,680.5
$2,944,875.7
FY2006
President's
Budget
$1,195,366.2
$1,483,516.9
$134,145.2
$2,813,028.3
Difference
$26,078.8
-$170,391.0
$12,464.8
-$131,847.4
Workyears
3,088.5
2,916.9
-171.6
* Agency authorized FTE levels are being aligned with actual utilization. See workforce section in the
overview.
Over the 30 years since enactment of the Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts
(CWA and SDWA), government, citizens, and the private sector have worked together to make
dramatic progress in improving the quality of surface waters and drinking water.
Thirty years ago, much of the nation's tap water had either very limited treatment
(usually disinfection) or no treatment at all. About two-thirds of the surface waters assessed by
states were not attaining basic water quality goals and were considered polluted.1 Some of the
Nation's waters were open sewers posing health risks and many water bodies were so polluted
that traditional uses, such as swimming, fishing, and recreation, were impossible.
Today, drinking water systems monitor and treat water to assure compliance with
drinking water standards covering a wide range of contaminants. In addition, we now protect
sources of drinking water through activities such as regulating underground injection of wastes.
The number of polluted waters has been reduced and many clean waters are even healthier. A
massive investment of Federal, state, and local funds resulted in a new generation of
wastewater treatment facilities able to provide "secondary" treatment or better. EPA has issued
national discharge regulations for over 50 industrial categories. In addition, sustained efforts to
1 United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1998. Clean Water Action Plan: Restoring and Protecting
America's Water. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
implement "best management practices" have helped reduce runoff of pollutants from diffuse or
"nonpoint" sources.
Cleaner, safer water has renewed recreational, ecological, and economic interests in
communities across the nation. The recreation, tourism, and travel industry is one of the largest
employers in the nation, and a significant portion of recreational spending comes from
swimming, boating, sport fishing, and hunting.2 Each year, more than 180 million people visit
the shore for recreation.3 In 2001, sportspersons spent a total of $70 billion- $35.6 billion on
fishing, $20.6 billion on hunting, and $13.8 million on items used for both hunting and fishing.
Wildlife watchers spent an additional $38.4 billion on their activities around the home and on
trips away from home.4 The commercial fishing industry, which also requires clean water and
healthy wetlands, contributed $28.6 billion to the economy in 2001. The Cuyahoga River, which
once caught fire, is now busy with boats and harbor businesses that generate substantial
revenue for the City of Cleveland. The Wllamette River in Oregon has been restored to provide
swimming, fishing, and water sports. Even Lake Erie, once infamous for its dead fish, now
supports a $600 million per year fishing industry.5
Although we have made much progress and this progress has had important economic
as well as human health and environmental benefits, there is still work to be done to realize the
vision of clean rivers, lakes, streams and coastal areas and safe water to drink. In Fiscal Year
2006, EPA will work with States and Tribes to continue accomplishing measurable
improvements in the safety of the nation's drinking water and in the condition of rivers, lakes
and coastal waters. This Overview summarizes key environmental and public health goals
and describes the general strategies EPA proposes to implement to accomplish these goals.
Wth the help of States, Tribes and other partners, EPA expects to make significant progress
toward protecting human health and improving water quality by 2008, including -
Water Safe to Drink: Increase the rate of compliance with drinking water standards
from 93% to 95%;
• Fish and Shellfish Safe to Eat: Reduce the percentage of the water miles/acres
identified by States or Tribes as having fish consumption advisories in 2002 where
increased consumption of safe fish is allowed, (485,205 river miles, 11,277,276 lake
acres) while increasing the percentage of the shellfish growing acres monitored by
states that are approved or conditionally approved for use from 77% to 91%;
Water Safe for Swimming: Increase the percentage of the stream miles and lake
acres identified by States in 2000 as having water quality unsafe for swimming where
water quality that is restored to allow swimming. (90,000 stream miles, 2.6 million lake
acres);
• Cleaner Water and Healthy Watersheds: Restore polluted waters so that, of the
2,262 major watersheds across the Nation, at least 600 have few remaining problems
(i.e. at least 80% of assessed waters meet State water quality standards (WQS)) and
show improvement in 200 watersheds; and
2 Travel Industry Association of America. Tourism for America, 11th Edition. Washington, DC: Travel Industry of America.
3 Pew Oceans Commission. 2002. America's Living Oceans Charting a Course for Sea Change. Arlington, VA: Pew Oceans
Commission.
4 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1998. Clean Water Action Plan: Restoring and Protecting
America's Water. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Healthy Coastal Waters: Show steady improvement in seven specific indicators of
the health of each of the four major coastal ecosystems around the country.
The clean and safe water goals are closely related to goals established in Goal 4 of the Agency
Strategic Plan related to improvements in wetlands, estuaries, targeted geographic programs
such as the waters of the Mexico Border region, the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the
Gulf of Mexico. The key strategies that EPA plans to implement in FY 2006 to make progress
toward the public health and environmental goals identified in the Strategic Plan are briefly
described below.
Water Safe to Drink
For almost 30 years, protecting the Nation's public health through safe drinking water
has been the shared responsibility of EPA, the States, and over 53,000 community water
systems (CWSs)6 nationwide that supply drinking water to more than 260 million Americans
(approximately 90% of the U.S. population). Within this time span, safe drinking water
standards have been established and are being implemented for 91 microbial, chemical, and
radiological contaminants. Forty-nine States have adopted primary authority for enforcing their
drinking water programs. Additionally, CWS operators are better informed and trained to both
treat contaminants and prevent them from entering the source of their drinking water supplies.
During 2006, EPA, the States, and CWSs will build on these successes while working
toward the 2008 goal of assuring that 95 percent of the population served by CWSs receives
drinking water that meets all applicable standards. Collectively, these core areas and other
interrelated elements of the national safe drinking water program form a balanced, integrated
framework that comprises the multiple barrier approach to protecting public health from unsafe
drinking water. At the national level, implementation of this approach is expected to result in
significant progress toward the public health goals described above. EPA has identified key
activities within five core program areas that are critical to ensuring safe drinking water. The
core program areas are described below:
Drinking Water Standards
During FY 2006, EPA will continue to assess the need for new or revised drinking water
standards based on available data on health effects, occurrence, risks of exposure, analytical
(detection) methods, as well as information on technologies to prevent, detect, or remove
specific contaminants. Specifically, EPA will:
•• Determine whether to regulate at least five unregulated contaminants on the second
contaminant candidate list (CCL) and, through the Six-Year Review of existing
regulations, whether a revision to an existing standard is warranted;
•• Continue analysis to prepare the Agency's third CCL;
•• Continue the comprehensive Lead and Copper Rule Review that began in 2004;
•• Develop revisions to the Total Coliform Rule (TCR); and
Consider additional protections of drinking water distribution systems.
6 Although the Safe Drinking Water Act applies to 159,796 public water systems nationwide (as of January 2004), which include
schools, hospitals, factories, campgrounds, motels, gas stations, etc. that have their own water system, this implementation plan
focuses only on CWSs. A CWS is a public water system that provides water to the same population year-round. As of January
2004, there were 52,838 CWSs.
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Drinking Water Implementation
During FY 2006, EPA will support State efforts to meet existing and new drinking water
standards including the Cryptosporidium7, Disinfection8 (Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection
Byproducts Rule), and Ground Water Rules. EPA will be responsible for directly implementing
the early monitoring requirements under these rules. In addition, initial monitoring requirements
under the revised arsenic rule and revised radionuclides rule will be underway. EPA and the
states will use the following tools to encourage compliance:
• Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program Grants: These grants
provide assistance to implement and enforce National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water resources and to protect
public health
Sanitary Surveys: Sanitary surveys are on-site reviews of the water sources,
facilities, equipment, operation, and maintenance of public water systems. All States are
to be in compliance with requirements to conduct sanitary surveys at CWSs once every
three years starting in 2004.
• Data Access, Quality, and Reliability: EPA will complete the modernization of the
Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), which serves as the primary source
of national information on compliance with all health-based, regulatory requirements of
SDWA.
Promotion of Sustainable Management of Drinking Water Infrastructure
The Drinking Water State Revolving Loan Fund (DWSRF), established under the Safe
Drinking Water Act, offers low interest loans to help public water systems across the nation
make improvements and upgrades to their water infrastructure, or other activities that build
system capacity. In FY 2006, the DWSRF program will provide an estimated 600 more loans.
EPA will also work with States to increase the percentage of loan agreements made each year
that return a system to compliance, estimated to be 30% of loan agreements in 2002.
Protection of Sources of Drinking Water
In FY 2006, EPA will work with States and water systems to improve protection of
sources of drinking water in two key areas.
Voluntary Source Water Protection Strategies: EPA will promote the concepts of
a multiple barriers approach to drinking water program management and will work with
States to track, to the extent feasible, the development and implementation of source
water protection strategies. EPA has set a goal of increasing the number of source
water areas (both surface and ground water) for community water systems that have
minimized risk to public health from an estimated baseline of 5% of all areas in 2002 to
20% in FY 2006.
• Underground Injection Control: EPA works with States to regulate injection of
hazardous substances and other waste to prevent contamination of underground
sources of drinking water. In FY 2006, EPA will continue to focus on shallow wells
(Class V) in source water areas. EPA and the States will work to assure that all
7 Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
8 Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
identified Class V motor vehicle waste disposal wells are closed by 2008. EPA and
States will also work to assure that 100 percent of Class I, II, III and V wells that are
identified in violation are addressed.
Assurance that Critical Water Infrastructure Is Secure
In FY 2006, EPA will continue its lead Federal Agency responsibility in supporting States
and water utilities to secure their water infrastructure from terrorist threats and other intentional
harm. In addition, due to its new responsibilities under Homeland Security Presidential
Directives 7 and 9, EPA will support the water sector in implementing protective measures and
in launching a new and innovative drinking water surveillance and monitoring program. The
Agency will also provide critical tools, training, and exercises that will help utilities detect,
prevent, and respond to threats.
Safe to Eat Fish and Shellfish
Across the U.S., States and Tribes have issued fish consumption advisories for a range
of persistent, bioaccumulative contaminants covering more than 840,000 river miles and14
million lake acres as of 2003.9 The EPA Strategic Plan calls for improving the quality of water
and sediments to allow increased consumption of fish and shellfish. EPA's national approach to
meeting safe fish and shellfish goals is described below.
Safe Fish
Most of the current fish consumption advisories issued by states are for mercury, PCBs,
and dioxin. EPA is emphasizing strategic partnerships within the Agency to address these
pollutants. EPA's water program is also addressing remaining controllable sources of fish
exposure to these chemicals. The Agency is:
developing mercury fish tissue criteria implementation guidance to ensure new criteria
are incorporated into WQS and implemented in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits
• working with states to improve their advisory programs with particular emphasis on
periodic re-sampling of previously tested waters that are under advisory
• working to identify emerging contaminants to ensure that routes of fish exposure to new,
emerging contaminants are addressed early, before they become a new reason for
waters coming under advisory
Safe Shellfish
Success in achieving the shellfish goals relies on implementation of CWA programs that
are focused on sources causing shellfish acres to be closed. Important new technologies
include pathogen source tracking, new indicators of pathogen contamination and predictive
correlations between environmental stressors and their effects. Once critical areas and sources
are identified, core program authorities, including expanded monitoring, development of TMDLs,
and revision of discharge permit limits can be applied to improve conditions.
In addition, a wide range of clean water programs that apply throughout the country will
generally reduce pathogen levels in key waters. For example, work to control Combined Sewer
9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. Fact Sheet: National Listing of Fish Advisories. EPA-823-F-
04-016. August 2004. Available on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/advisories/factsheet.pdf
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Overflows (CSOs), to reduce discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, to
reduce storm water runoff, and to reduce nonpoint pollution will contribute to restoration of
shellfish uses.
Finally, success in achieving the shellfish goal also depends on the efforts of other
agencies. For example, EPA is working with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and the Food and Drug Administration to improve data and data management on
contaminated and closed shellfishing areas.
Water Safe for Swimming
Recreational waters, especially beaches in coastal areas and the Great Lakes, provide
recreational opportunities for millions of Americans. Swimming in some recreational waters,
however, can pose a risk of illness as a result of exposure to microbial pathogens. In November
2004, EPA established more protective health-based WQSs for bacteria for those States and
Territories bordering Great Lakes or ocean waters that had not yet adopted standards in
accordance with the Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act of 2000, an
important step to further protect the quality of the nation's coastal recreation waters.10 For FY
2006, EPA's national strategy for improving the safety of recreational waters will include these
key elements:
Improve Beach Monitoring and Public Notification
Another important element of the strategy for improving the safety of recreational waters
is improving monitoring of public beaches and notifying the public of unsafe conditions. EPA is
working with States to implement the Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health
Act and requests grant funding of $10 million to States to carry out this work. EPA expects that
all Tier 1 public beaches will be monitored and managed under the BEACH Act in FY 2006 and
that states and localities will be taking actions where possible and appropriate to address
sources of unsafe conditions that result in the closure of beaches.
Identify Unsafe Recreational Waters and Begin Restoration
A key component of the strategy to restore waters unsafe for swimming is to identify the
specific waters that are unsafe and develop plans to accomplish the needed restoration. An
important part of this work is to maintain strong progress toward development of Total Maximum
Daily Loads (TMDLs) based on the schedules established by States in conjunction with EPA. In
a related effort, the Agency will better focus compliance assistance and, where necessary,
enforcement resources on unsafe recreational waters. In addition, working with communities
that have frequent wet weather discharges (which are a major source of pathogens) to ensure
progress to reduce the frequency of these discharges is one of the Agency's national
enforcement priorities for FY 2005 through 2007.
10 United States Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register; November 16, 2004; Volume 69, Number 220; pages
67217 - 67243. Water Quality Standards for Coastal and Great Lakes Recreation Waters. Available on the Interenet at
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2004/November/Day-16/w25303.htm
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Reduce Pathogen Levels in Recreational Waters Generally
In addition to focusing on waters that are unsafe for swimming today, EPA, States and
Tribes will work in FY 2006 to reduce the overall level of pathogens discharged to recreational
waters using three key approaches:
reduce pollution from CSOs;
address major sources discharging pathogens under the permit program; and
improve management of septic systems.
Restore and Improve Water Quality on a Watershed Basis
A significant investment of the National Water Program resources is under the CWA,
which directly support efforts to restore and improve the quality of rivers, lakes, and streams. In
FY 2006, EPA will work with States to make continued progress toward the clean water goals
identified in the Strategic Plan by using a two-part strategy:
Implement core clean water programs, including innovations that apply programs on a
watershed basis; and
• Accelerate efforts to improve water quality on a watershed basis.
Implement Core Clean Water Programs:
To protect and improve water quality on a watershed basis in FY 2006, EPA, in
partnership with States and Tribes, needs to continue to focus the work on integrating the six
key program areas that form the foundation of the water program. Core water program work
includes:
• Strengthen Water Quality Standards: The top priority for the criteria and
standards program in FY 2006 is the continued implementation of the Water Quality
Standards and Criteria Strategy, developed in cooperation with States, Tribes, and the
public in 2003. The Standards Strategy prioritizes key strategic actions EPA and the
states need to complete in order to strengthen the WQS program to guide assessment
and restoration efforts. This Strategy calls for EPA to continue work in developing
scientific "criteria documents" for key water pollutants, including implementation
protocols and methods. In addition, the Strategy identifies key efforts to strengthen the
program, including developing nutrient criteria, adopting biological criteria, approving
state WQS in a more timely manner, and providing technical and scientific support to the
states and Tribes in conducting Use Attainability Analyses and developing site-specific
criteria. Finally, EPA will work with States and Tribes to ensure the effective operation
and administration of the standards program.
Improve Water Quality Monitoring: Scientifically defensible water quality data and
information is essential for cleaning up and protecting the Nation's waters. Federal and
state water quality monitoring and assessment programs, the underpinnings of all
aspects of the watershed approach, need strengthening. Information about the condition
of waterbodies is critical to sound water quality protection decisions. A top priority for FY
2006 is to continue to support States in developing monitoring programs consistent with
national monitoring guidance published in 2003, including State participation in efforts to
develop statistically valid monitoring networks and State support of the national STORET
water quality database.
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
• Develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and Related Plans:
Development of TMDLs for an impaired waterbody is a critical tool for meeting water
restoration goals. In FY 2006, EPA will compare States' progress in developing TMDLs
against the approved schedules. The purpose is to determine whether states will
achieve the goal of being 100 percent on pace each year to meet State schedules or
straight-line rates that ensure that the national policy of TMDL completion within 13
years of listing is met.
• Control Nonpoint Source Pollution on a Watershed Basis: Polluted runoff from
nonpoint sources is the largest single cause of water pollution. In FY 2006, EPA will
focus grants to States under Section 319 of the CWA to expand efforts to manage
nonpoint pollution on a watershed basis through the development and implementation of
watershed plans. Special emphasis will be placed on restoring impaired waters on a
watershed basis.
• Strengthen NPDES Permit Program: The NPDES program requires point sources
discharging to water bodies to have permits. In FY 2006, EPA will work with States to
use the "Permitting for Environmental Results Strategy" to address concerns about the
workload for issuing permits and the health of State NPDES programs. The Strategy
focuses limited resources on the most critical environmental problems and addresses
program efficiency and integrity, including activities to streamline permit issuance and
assessments of State programs and permit quality.
• Support Sustainable Wastewater Infrastructure: The Clean Water State
Revolving Funds (CWSRFs) provide low-interest loans to help finance wastewater
treatment facilities and other water quality projects. Recognizing the substantial
remaining need for wastewater infrastructure, EPA will continue to provide significant
annual capitalization to CWSRFs in FY 2006. Another important approach to closing
the gap between the need for clean water projects and available funding is to use
sustainable management systems to prolong the lives of existing systems. EPA will
work to encourage rate structures that lead to full cost pricing and other conservation
measures.
Accelerate Watershed Protection
Strong execution of core CWA programs alone is not sufficient to maintain and
accelerate progress toward cleaner water and accomplish the water quality improvements
called for in the Strategic Plan. About a decade ago, EPA embraced the watershed approach,
focusing on multi-stakeholder and multi-program efforts within hydrologically defined
boundaries, as a better way to address water quality problems. In FY 2006, EPA will
accelerate watershed protection by working in three key areas:
• Core Programs Organized by Watershed: In addition to development of
watershed based plans, discussed below, core programs can be implemented on a
watershed basis. Some examples in practice as a result of innovations developed by
State, EPA Regions, and others are development of TMDLs and NPDES permits on a
watershed basis and implementing water quality "trading" programs within a watershed.
• Local Watershed Protection Efforts: EPA is developing national tools, training, and
technical assistance that will help community partnerships to be more effective at
improving watershed health. For FY 2006, EPA will expand support for protection of key
watersheds by building on the success of the Watershed Initiative (now called the
Targeted Watershed Grants Program - see Goal 4).
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
• Apply an Adaptive Management Framework: The best way to achieve progress
in improving and protecting waters and watersheds is by applying an adaptive
management approach to better understand the problems, set challenging but realistic
goals, and address opportunities associated with developing programs and building
partnerships at the watershed level. In FY 2006, EPA will continue to work with States
and Tribes to apply an adaptive management framework to identify the specific mix of
watershed tools that best suit local needs and conditions. Each State and EPA Region
will work to define the extent to which implementation of watershed approaches should
be accelerated over the coming years in order to meet the watershed/waterbody
restoration and improvement goals for 2008 in the EPA Strategic Plan.
Protect Coastal and Ocean Waters
Coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, but they are also
among the most threatened ecosystems, largely as a result of rapidly increasing growth and
development. About half of the U.S. population now lives in coastal areas and coastal counties
are growing three times faster than counties elsewhere in the Nation. The work described here
will be closely coordinated with the implementation of the National Estuary Program (described
in Goal 4). For FY 2006, EPA's national strategy for improving the condition of coastal and
ocean waters will include the following key elements:
Reduce Vessel Discharges
EPA will also focus on enhancing regulation of discharges of pollution from vessels. Key
work for FY 2006 includes developing standards for cruise ships operating in Alaskan waters;
cooperating with the Department of Defense to develop discharge standards for certain armed
forces vessels; and assessing the effectiveness of current regulations for marine sanitation
devices.
Manage Dredged Material
Several hundred million cubic yards of sediment are dredged from waterways, ports, and
harbors every year to maintain the Nation's navigation system. All of this sediment must be
disposed of safely. EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) share responsibility for
regulating how and where the disposal of sediment occurs. In FY 2006, EPA and COE will
continue to focus resources on improving how disposal of dredged material is managed,
including evaluating disposal sites, designating and monitoring the sites. EPA will also review
and concur on the disposal permits issued by COE.
Manage Invasive Species
One of the greatest threats to U.S. waters and ecosystems is the uncontrolled spread of
invasive species. Invasive species commonly enter U.S. waters through the discharge of ballast
water from ships. In FY 2006, EPA will assist the U.S. Coast Guard in its efforts to develop
ballast water exchange requirements and discharge standards and is addressing this issue at
the international level. In addition, EPA will work to develop improved measures for monitoring
the rate of increase of invasive species.
Address International Activities
Internationally, our objective is to protect the environmental quality of U.S. coastal and
ocean waters. U.S. waters are subject to international sources of pollution and EPA's
international efforts in this area are focused on the development and implementation of
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
international standards necessary to address transboundary sources of pollution, pollution
effecting shared ecosystems, and the introduction of non-indigenous species introduced through
maritime shipping. To reach these ends we are seeking to reduce the successful introduction of
invasive species to U.S. waters through the negotiation of effective international standards
addressing ballast water discharges, harmful anti-foulants, and air emissions from ships. In
addition, we are isolating high-level radioactive wastes in Northwest Russia that threaten the
health of shared natural resources in the Arctic ecosystem. Achievement of the objective
and strategic targets will enhance U.S. water quality, human health, and help stabilize aquatic
ecosystems in North America.
Research
EPA's drinking water and water quality research programs conduct leading edge,
problem-driven research to provide a sound scientific foundation for Federal regulatory decision-
making. These efforts will result in strengthened public health and aquatic ecosystem protection
by providing data methods, models, assessments, and technologies for EPA program and
regional offices, as well as state and local authorities.
The drinking water research program will focus on filling key data gaps and developing
analytical detection methods for measuring the occurrence of chemical and microbial
contaminants on the Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) and developing and evaluating cost-
effective treatment technologies for removing pathogens from water supplies while minimizing
microbial/disinfection by-product (M/DBP) formation. The water quality research program will
provide approaches and methods the Agency and its partners need to develop and apply
criteria to support designated uses, tools to diagnose and assess impairment in aquatic
systems, and tools to restore and protect aquatic systems.
In FY 2006, important areas of research emphasis will include: 1) arsenic treatment
technologies for the removal of arsenic from small community drinking water systems; 2)
immune response associated with exposures to waterborne pathogens (e.g., Cryptosporidium,
Norwalk virus) and chemicals (e.g., arsenic, disinfection byproducts) that may contaminate
drinking water; 3) habitat alteration; 4) treatment and contaminant transport and fate from
biosolids; 5) reproductive health effects associated with exposures to DBFs; and 6) improved
detection methods for Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in effluents.
EPA manages its water-related research programs according to the Administration's
Investment Criteria for Research and Development. The Agency's detailed, externally-reviewed
multi-year plans for its drinking water and water quality research programs describe clear goals
and priorities, and are periodically updated to reflect changes in science and resources. As part
of the periodic multi-year plan revisions, EPA is examining the design of each program to help
identify its outputs, customers, transfer needs, and short-, intermediate-, and long-term
outcomes. Beginning in FY 2005, EPA is implementing regular evaluations by independent and
external panels that provide prospective and retrospective review of program relevance, quality,
and performance, including the program's design and performance goals. The Agency's Board
of Scientific Counselors, the chosen mechanism for these reviews, will examine the drinking
water research program in the second quarter of FY 2005. EPA's Science to Achieve Results
(STAR) grants program is also managed according to the Investment Criteria for Research and
Development, ensuring the quality of its extramural research through a competitive, peer-
reviewed awards process. The STAR program engages the Nation's best scientists to provide
high quality, innovative research and solutions to protect human health and the environment.
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
In FY 2006, a portion of EPA's water research will be accomplished using a new
approach to applied research funding at EPA. This arrangement, based on the existing
collaborative framework between the media and research offices, is designed to ensure
continued relevance and quality of applied research at EPA. In FY 2006, funds will be provided
to the Office of Water to use a fee-for-service arrangement with the Office of Research and
Development to obtain additional research focusing on the Agency's highest priority water
research needs.
2-11
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Strategic Goal: Preserve and restore the land by using innovative waste
management practices and cleaning up contaminated properties to reduce risks posed
by releases of harmful substances.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
\_x>V
22.3% of Budget
1 - Preserve Land
2 - Restore Land
3 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 3 Total
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$239,585.1
$1,509,152.0
$57,253.7
$1,805,990.8
FY 2006
President's
Budget
$216,930.9
$1,416,681.8
$57,850.4
$1,691,463.0
Difference
-$22,654.2
-$92,470.2
$596.7
-$114,527.7
Workyears
4,763.6
4,752.2
-11.4
* Agency authorized FTE levels are being aligned with actual utilization. See workforce section in the
overview.
Left uncontrolled, hazardous and nonhazardous wastes on the land can migrate to the
air, groundwater, and surface water, contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute
illnesses or chronic diseases, and threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural, and suburban
areas. Hazardous substances can kill living organisms in lakes and rivers, destroy vegetation in
contaminated areas, cause major reproductive complications in wildlife, and otherwise limit the
ability of an ecosystem to survive.
EPA leads the country's activities to reduce the risks posed by releases of harmful
substances and by contaminated land. The most effective approach to controlling these risks
incorporates developing and implementing prevention programs, improving response
capabilities, and maximizing the effectiveness of response and cleanup actions. This approach
will help to ensure that human health and the environment are protected and that land is
returned to beneficial use.
EPA will work to preserve and restore the land with the most effective waste
management and cleanup methods available. EPA will use a hierarchy of approaches to
protect the land: reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, and managing waste effectively
by preventing spills and releases of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
The Agency is especially concerned about threats to our most sensitive populations, such as
children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA, or Superfund) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) provide
the legal authority for most of EPA's work toward this goal. The Agency and its partners use
Superfund authority to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites and return
the land to productive use. Under RCRA, EPA works in partnership with States and Tribes to
address risks associated with leaking underground storage tanks and with the generation and
management of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes at industrial facilities.
EPA also uses authorities provided under the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Oil
Pollution Act of 1990 to protect against spills and releases of hazardous materials. Controlling
the many risks posed by accidental and intentional releases of harmful substances presents a
significant challenge to protecting the land. EPA's approach integrates prevention,
preparedness, and response activities to minimize these risks. Spill prevention activities keep
harmful substances from being released to the environment. Improving its readiness to respond
to emergencies through training, development of clear authorities, and provision of proper
equipment will ensure that EPA is adequately prepared to minimize contamination and harm to
the environment when spills do occur.
Four themes characterize EPA's land program activities under Goal 3: Revitalization;
One Cleanup Program; Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery; and Homeland
Security.
• Revitalization: EPA and its partners are restoring contaminated land to make it
economically productive or available as green space. Like the Agency's Brownfields
program included under Goal 4, these revitalization efforts complement the Agency's
traditional cleanup programs, and enable affected communities to reuse contaminated lands
in beneficial ways. EPA is developing performance measures to assess its success in
restoring and revitalizing sites under all its cleanup programs.
• One Cleanup Program: Through the One Cleanup Program, the Agency is looking
across its programs to bring consistency and enhanced effectiveness to site cleanups. The
Agency will work with its partners and stakeholders to enhance coordination, planning, and
communication across the full range of Federal, State, tribal, and local cleanup programs.
This effort will improve the pace, efficiency, and effectiveness of site cleanups, as well as
more fully integrate land reuse and continued use into cleanup programs. The Agency will
promote information technologies that describe waste site cleanup and revitalization
information in ways that keep the public and stakeholders fully informed. Finally, the
Agency will develop environmental outcome performance measures that report progress
among all cleanup programs, such as the number of acres able to be reused after site
cleanup. A crucial element to this effort is a national dialogue, currently underway, on the
future of Superfund and other EPA waste cleanup programs. A crucial element to this effort
is a national dialogue, currently underway, on the future of Superfund and other EPA
cleanup programs.
• Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery: EPA's strategy for reducing
waste generation and increasing recycling is based on (1) establishing and expanding
partnerships with businesses, industries, States, communities, and consumers; (2)
3-2
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
stimulating infrastructure development, environmentally responsible behavior by product
manufacturers, users, and disposers ("product stewardship"), and new technologies; and (3)
helping businesses, government, institutions, and consumers through education, outreach,
training, and technical assistance.
• Homeland Security: EPA has a major role in reducing the risk to human health and the
environment posed by accidental or intentional releases of harmful substances and oil. EPA
will continue to improve its capability to effectively prepare for and respond to these
incidents, working closely with other Federal agencies within the National Response
System.
Controlling Risks to Human Health & the Environment at Contaminated Sites
EPA and its partners work to clean up contaminated land to levels sufficient to control
risks to human health and the environment and to return the land to productive use. The
Agency's cleanup activities, some new and some well-established, include removing
contaminated soil, capping or containing contamination in place, pumping and treating
groundwater, and bioremediation.
EPA uses a variety of tools to accomplish cleanups: permits, enforcement actions,
consent agreements, Federal facility agreements, and many other mechanisms. As part of
EPA's One Cleanup Program Initiative, programs at all levels of government will work together
to ensure that appropriate cleanup tools are used; that resources, activities, and results are
coordinated with partners and stakeholders and communicated to the public effectively; and that
cleanups are protective and contribute to community revitalization. The Agency's two major
cleanup programs, Superfund and RCRA Corrective Action, now rely on similar human health
and groundwater protection environmental indicators. Through the One Cleanup Program
Initiative, EPA is working to coordinate across all of its cleanup programs, while maintaining the
flexibility needed to accommodate differences in program authorities and approaches.
EPA fulfills its cleanup and waste management responsibilities on tribal lands by
acknowledging tribal sovereignty and recognizing tribal governments as being the most
appropriate authorities for setting standards, making policy decisions, and managing programs
consistent with Agency standards and regulations. EPA and its partners follow four key steps to
accomplish cleanups and control risks to human health and the environment: assessment,
stabilization, selection of appropriate remedies, and implementation of remedies. EPA will
continue to work with its Federal, state, tribal, and local government partners at each step of the
process to identify facilities and sites requiring attention and to monitor changes in priorities.
Through strong policy, leadership, program administration, and a dedicated workforce,
EPA's cleanup programs will merge sound science, cutting-edge technology, quality
environmental information, and stakeholder involvement to protect the Nation from the harmful
effects of contaminated property. To accomplish its cleanup goals, the Agency continues to
forge partnerships and develop outreach and education strategies.
To meet its objective to control the risks to human health and the environment at
contaminated properties or sites through cleanup, stabilization, or other action, and to make
land available for reuse, EPA intends to achieve the following results in FY 2006:
• Make 500 final site-assessment decisions under Superfund;
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
• Control all identified unacceptable human exposures from site contamination to at or
below health-based levels for current land and/or groundwater use conditions at 10 of the
Superfund human exposure sites;
• Control the migration of contaminated groundwater through engineered remedies or
natural processes at 10 of the Superfund groundwater exposure sites;
• Select final remedies (cleanup targets) at 20 Superfund sites; and
• Complete construction of remedies at 40 Superfund sites.
EPA's enforcement program is critical to the Agency's ability to cleanup the vast majority
of the nation's worst hazardous waste sites. This program secures cleanups from Potentially
Responsible Parties (PRPs) at EPA's priority sites. The PRPs perform approximately 70% of
the long-term cleanups and EPA uses appropriated dollars to pay for the other 30% of the long-
term cleanups. If PRPs do not perform a cleanup, and EPA uses appropriated dollars to clean
up sites, the enforcement program recovers EPA's expenditures from the PRPs.
The Agency has also been encouraging the establishment and use of Special Accounts
within the Superfund Trust Fund. These accounts segregate site-specific funds obtained from
responsible parties that complete settlement agreements with EPA. These funds can be
provided as an incentive for other PRPs to perform work they might not be willing to perform or
used by the Agency to fund cleanup. The result is the Agency can clean up more sites and
allows the Agency to preserve appropriated Trust Fund dollars for other sites without viable
PRPs.
This program pursues an "enforcement first" policy to ensure that sites for which there
are viable responsible parties are cleaned up by those parties. In tandem with this approach,
various reforms have been implemented to increase fairness, reduce transaction costs, and
promote economic redevelopment. Enforcement maximizes PRP participation in cleanups while
promoting fairness in the enforcement process, and recovering costs from PRPs when EPA
expends funds. For more information regarding EPA's enforcement program, and its various
components, please refer to www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/.
In FY 2006, the Agency will negotiate remedial design/remedial action cleanup
agreements and removal agreements at contaminated properties. Where negotiations fail, the
Agency will either take unilateral enforcement actions to require PRP cleanup or use
appropriated dollars to remediate sites. When appropriated dollars are used to clean up sites,
the program will recover this money from the PRPs. The Agency will also continue its efforts to
establish and use Special Accounts to facilitate clean up.
By pursuing cost recovery settlements, the program promotes the principle that polluters
should perform or pay for cleanups and preserves the Superfund Trust Fund resources for site
remediation where there is no known or viable PRP. The Agency's expenditures will be
recouped through administrative actions, CERCLA section 107 case referrals, and through
settlements reached with the use of alternative dispute resolution.
EPA's financial management offices provide a full array of support services to the
Superfund program including managing oversight billing for Superfund site cleanups and
financial cost recovery.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Encouraging Land Revitalization and Reuse
The goals of the Land Revitalization Initiative are to restore and return contaminated,
and potentially contaminated, properties to beneficial use for America's communities; to ensure
that cleanups protect public health and the environment and that anticipated future uses are
fully considered in all cleanup decisions; and to remove unintended barriers to the restoration
and beneficial reuse of contaminated properties. To achieve this mission, EPA has been
working over the last two years to develop a comprehensive approach to revitalization, and has
developed and implemented a wide range of demonstration projects, redevelopment tools, and
educational efforts. The Agency is also forming partnerships with States, Tribes, other Federal
agencies, local governments, communities, landowners, lenders, developers, and parties
potentially responsible for contamination that can help bring about reuse of formerly
contaminated sites.
Usable land is a valuable resource. However, where contamination presents a real or
perceived threat to human health and the environment, options for future land use at that site
may be limited. EPA's cleanup programs have set a national goal of returning formerly
contaminated sites to long-term, sustainable, and productive use. This goal creates greater
impetus for selecting and implementing remedies that, in addition to providing clear
environmental benefits, will support reasonably anticipated future land use options and provide
greater economic and social benefits.
Reducing and Recycling Waste
Preventing pollution before it is generated and poses harm is often less costly than
cleanup and remediation. Source reduction and recycling programs can increase resource and
energy efficiencies and thereby reduce pressures on the environment. RCRA directs EPA to
minimize the amount of waste generated and to improve recovery and conservation of materials
through recycling. To this end, EPA builds on partnerships with other Federal agencies; state,
tribal, and local governments; business and industry; and non-governmental organizations.
These voluntary partnerships provide information sharing, recognition, and assistance to
improve practices in both public and private sectors.
EPA launched the Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC) as a major national effort to
find flexible, yet more protective ways to conserve our valuable natural resources through waste
reduction, energy recovery and recycling. Through the RCC, EPA challenges every American
to prevent pollution and promote recycling and reuse, and conserve energy and materials. The
RCC programs foster source reduction and recycling in business, industry, and government;
encourage local adoption of economic incentives that further source reduction and recycling;
reduce hazardous wastes containing priority chemicals; promote waste-based industries that
concurrently create jobs; foster cost-effective recycling programs in communities and Tribes;
enhance markets for recycled materials by increasing procurement of recycled-content
products; encourage innovative practices that result in more cost-effective source reduction and
recycling; implement the President's Climate Change Action Plan; and provide information to
assess and track progress in reaching national goals.
Reducing waste generation has clear benefits in combating the ever-growing stream of
municipal solid waste (MSW). MSW includes waste generated from residences, commercial
establishments, institutions, and industrial non-process operations. Annual generation of MSW
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
grew steadily from 88 million to 232 million tons between 1960 and 2000.11 In FY 2006, EPA's
municipal solid waste program will implement a set of coordinated strategies, including source
reduction (also called waste prevention), recycling (including composting), combustion with
energy recovery, and landfilling. Preference will be given to strategies that maximize the
diversion of waste from disposal, with source reduction (including reuse) as the highest priority.
To meet its objective for reducing materials use through product and process redesign,
and increasing materials and energy recovery from wastes otherwise requiring disposal, EPA
intends to achieve the following results in FY 2006:
• Maintain the national average municipal solid waste generation rate at no more than 4.5
pounds per person per day; and
• Divert 33.4 percent (80 million tons) of municipal solid waste from landfilling and
combustion.
Recognizing that some hazardous wastes cannot be completely eliminated or recycled,
the RCRA program works to reduce exposure to hazardous wastes by maintaining a cradle-to-
grave approach to waste management. The program's primary focus is to prevent hazardous
releases from RCRA facilities and reduce emissions from hazardous waste combustion through
a combination of regulations, permits and voluntary standards. State program authorization
provides the States with primary RCRA implementation and enforcement authority; reduces
overlapping and dual implementation by the States and EPA; provides the regulated community
with one set of regulations; reduces overall Federal enforcement presence in the States; and
can provide the opportunity for some of the newer, less-stringent RCRA regulations to be
implemented by the States. To date, 48 States, Guam, and the District of Columbia are
authorized to issue permits. Strong state partnerships, the authorization of States for all
portions of the RCRA hazardous waste program, including regulations that address waste
management issues contained in permits, and results-oriented state oversight are important
goals.
In managing petroleum products properly, EPA works with States, Tribes and Intertribal
Consortia to prevent, detect, and correct leaks into the environment from federally regulated
underground storage tanks (USTs) containing petroleum and hazardous substances. Achieving
significant improvements in release prevention and detection requires a sustained emphasis by
both EPA and its partners. Because States are the primary enforcers of the LIST program
requirements, EPA has adopted a decentralized approach to LIST program implementation by
building and supporting strong state and local programs. Concerns about the use of fuel
oxygenates (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether, or MTBE) in gasoline further underscores EPA's
and the States' emphasis on promoting compliance with all LIST requirements. EPA provides
technical information, forums for information exchanges and training opportunities to States,
Tribes and Intertribal Consortia to encourage program development and/or implementation of
the LIST program.
1' US Environmental Protection Agency. Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2001 Facts and Figures, Executive
Summary, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, October 2003. Available online at www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-
hw/muncpl/msw99.htm. Last updated November 5, 2003.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
To meet its objective for reducing releases to the environment by managing hazardous
wastes and petroleum products properly, EPA intends to achieve the following results in FY
2006:
• Prevent releases from RCRA hazardous waste management facilities by increasing the
number of facilities with permits or other approved controls by 2.5 percent over the FY
2005 level. At the end of FY 2004, 86 percent of the facilities had permits or other
approved controls;12
• Increase the percentage of LIST facilities that are in significant operational compliance
with both release detection and release prevention (spill, overfill, and corrosion
protection) requirements to 66 percent of the estimated universe of approximately
256,000 facilities; and
• Reduce the number of confirmed releases at LIST facilities to 10,000 or fewer. (Between
FY 1999 and FY 2004, confirmed releases averaged 12,641).
Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Homeland Security
EPA will continue to improve its emergency preparedness and response capability,
particularly in terms of homeland security. EPA plays a major role in reducing the risks that
accidental and intentional releases of harmful substances and oil pose to human health and the
environment. Under the multi-agency National Response System (MRS), EPA evaluates and
responds to thousands of releases annually. EPA's primary role in the MRS is to serve as the
Federal On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) for spills and releases in the inland zone. As a result of
MRS efforts, many major oil spills and releases of hazardous substances have been contained,
minimizing the adverse impacts on human health and the environment.
An important component of EPA's land strategy is to prevent oil spills from reaching our
Nation's waters. Under the Oil Pollution Act, the Agency requires certain facilities (defined in 40
CFR 112.2) to develop and implement spill prevention, control, and countermeasure (SPCC)
plans. Compliance with these requirements reduces the number of oil spills that reach
navigable waters and prevents detrimental effects on human health and the environment should
a spill occur.
Each year, EPA personnel assess, respond to, mitigate, and clean up thousands of
releases, whether accidental, deliberate, or naturally occurring. These incidents range from
small spills at chemical or oil facilities to national disasters, such as hurricanes and
earthquakes, to large-scale terrorist events.
EPA will work to improve its capability to respond effectively to incidents that may
involve harmful chemical, oil, biological, and radiological substances. The Agency will explore
improvements in field and personal protection equipment and response training and exercises;
review response data provided in the "after-action" reports prepared by EPA emergency
responders following a release; and examine "lessons learned" reports to identify which
activities work and which need to be improved. Application of this information and other data
will advance the Agency's state-of-the-art emergency response operations.
12 Approximately 2,750 hazardous waste management facilities are currently regulated under RCRA. EPA plans to reassess this
universe in FY 2006.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Responding to small and large-scale disasters is one of EPA's traditional responsibilities
supported by the OSCs, the Environmental Response Team (ERT), and the National
Decontamination Team (NOT). The Agency's crucial role in responding to the World Trade
Center and Pentagon attacks, the decontamination of anthrax and ricin in a U.S. Senate Office
Building, and the response to the Columbia shuttle disaster have further defined the nation's
expectations of EPA's emergency response capabilities.
The FY 2006 President's Budget request includes additional funding to enable EPA to
improve the capabilities of EPA's responders through procurement of state-of-the-art
equipment, develop a new Environmental Laboratory Preparedness and Response (ELPR)
program to strengthen such lab capabilities, support readiness for pre-deployments to national
security special events, and develop decontamination protocols.
In FY 2006, EPA will continue to implement its homeland security plans and procedures
and meet its responsibilities to respond to major hazardous substance, oil, weapons of mass
destruction (WMD) or nationally significant terrorist incidents. EPA will prepare for the
possibility of simultaneous attacks on more than one target and will implement the National
Approach to Response (NAR), which is EPA's internal multi-faceted mechanism to effectively
manage and conduct responses to nationally significant events. The NOT will improve its
specialized decontamination capabilities to address chemical and biological and/or radiological
agents in both environmental and building contamination situations. The ERT will provide
training and specialized scientific, technical, and health and safety support to EPA's responders.
To meet its objective to reduce and control the risks posed by accidental or intentional
releases of harmful substances by improving our Nation's capability to prepare for and respond
more effectively to these emergencies, EPA intends to achieve the following results in FY 2006:
• Improve the Agency's emergency preparedness by achieving and maintaining the
capability to respond to simultaneous large-scale emergencies and by improving
response readiness by 10 percent from the previous year using the core emergency
response criteria;
• Respond to 350 hazardous substance releases and 300 oil spills; and
• Inspect or conduct exercises or drills at approximately 100 oil storage facilities required
to have Facility Response Plans.
Enhancing Science and Research to Restore and Preserve Land
The FY 2006 land research program supports the Agency's objective of reducing or
controlling potential risks to human health and the environment at contaminated waste sites by
accelerating scientifically-defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex sites,
mining sites, marine spills, and Brownfields in accordance with CERCLA. These research
efforts will improve the range and scientific foundation for contaminated sediment remedy
selection options by improving risk characterization and site characterization, and increasing
understanding of different remedial options, in order to optimize environmental and human
health protection and the cost-effectiveness of remedial decisions.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
In FY 2006, a portion of EPA's land preservation and restoration research will be
accomplished using a new approach to applied research funding at EPA. This arrangement,
based on the existing collaborative framework between the media and research offices, is
designed to ensure continued relevance and quality of applied research at EPA. In FY 2006,
funds will be provided to the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to use a fee-for-
service arrangement with the Office of Research and Development to obtain additional research
focusing on the Agency's highest priority land preservation and restoration research needs.
Funding for the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program will be
reduced, existing contracts will be closed out, and the program will be terminated in FY 2006.
As the Superfund program has matured, innovative approaches evaluated through the SITE
program and other mechanisms have become standard tools for remediation. Additionally, the
business of environmental remediation has matured and the private sector now offers many
more opportunities for vendors to promote their products and systems.
Multimedia decision-making and waste management constitute the two major areas of
research under RCRA in FY 2006, as the Agency works toward preventing releases through
proper facility management. Multimedia research will focus on resource conservation (e.g.,
electronic waste recycling and waste-derived products), corrective action, and multimedia
modeling. Research will enhance sustainability by providing technical reports and technical
support on methods to improve industrial and municipal waste management. Waste
management research continues to advance multimedia modeling and uncertainty/sensitivity
analyses methodologies that support core RCRA program needs as well as emerging RCRA
resource conservation needs.
EPA manages its research to support land preservation and remediation programs
according to the Administration's Investment Criteria for Research and Development. The
Agency's detailed, externally-reviewed multi-year plans for its Contaminated Sites and RCRA-
related research programs describe clear goals and priorities, and are periodically updated to
reflect changes in science and resources. As part of the periodic multi-year plan revisions, EPA
is examining the design of each program to help identify its outputs, customers, transfer needs,
and short-, intermediate-, and long-term outcomes. Beginning in FY 2005, EPA is implementing
regular evaluations by independent and external panels that provide prospective and
retrospective review of program relevance, quality, and performance, including the program's
design and performance goals. The Agency's Board of Scientific Counselors, the chosen
mechanism for these reviews, will examine the land protection and restoration research
program in 2005.
3-9
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
StrdtegJC Goa/: Protect, sustain, or restore the health of people, communities, and
ecosystems using integrated and comprehensive approaches and partnerships.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
v ^
^ '
17.7% of Budget
1 - Chemical, Organism, and Pesticide
Risks
2 - Communities
3 - Ecosystems
4 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 4 Total
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$366,759.0
$324,792.2
$205,463.2
$394,993.3
$1,292,007.7
FY2006
President's
Budget
$392,044.8
$325,437.0
$203,902.9
$414,863.1
$1,336,247.8
Difference
$25,285.8
$644.8
-$1,560.2
$19,869.8
$44,240.1
Workyears
3,844.8
3,834.7
-10.1
* Agency authorized FTE levels are being aligned with actual utilization. See workforce section in the
overview.
To promote healthy communities and ecosystems, EPA must bring together a variety of
programs, tools, approaches and resources. The support of a multitude of stakeholders, along
with strong partnerships with Federal, state, tribal and local governments, are necessary to
achieve the Agency's goal of protecting, sustaining or restoring healthy communities and
ecosystems.
A key component of this goal is protecting human health and the environment by
identifying, assessing, and reducing the potential risks presented by the thousands of chemicals
and pesticides on which our society and economy have come to depend.
EPA must also address the emerging challenges posed by a growing array of biological
organisms—naturally occurring and, increasingly, genetically engineered—that are being used
in industrial and agricultural processes.
Biological agents are potential weapons that could be exploited by terrorists against the
United States. EPA's pesticides antimicrobial program has been very responsive to addressing
this threat. Antimicrobials play an important role in public health and safety. EPA is conducting
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
comprehensive scientific assessments and developing test protocols to determine product
safety and efficacy of products used against chemical and biological weapons of mass
destruction, and registering products as necessary.
EPA programs under this Goal have many indirect benefits. For example, each year the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) New Chemicals program reviews and manages the
potential risks from approximately 1,800 new chemicals and 40 products of biotechnology that
enter the marketplace. This new chemical review process not only protects the public from the
possible immediate threats of harmful chemicals, but it has also contributed to changing the
behavior of the chemical industry, making industry more aware and responsible for the impact
these chemicals have on human health and the environment.
Americans come into daily contact with any number of chemicals that entered the market
before the New Chemicals Program was established in 1978, yet relatively little is known about
many of their potential impacts. Obtaining basic hazard testing information on large volume
chemicals is one focus of EPA's work in the Existing Chemicals program. The voluntary High
Production Volume program challenges industry to develop chemical hazard data critical to
enabling EPA, States, Tribes, and the public to screen chemicals already in commerce for any
risks they may be posing. EPA's responsibility for managing the known risks of other chemicals
centers on reducing exposure through proper handling or disposal.
The Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) Program was designed by EPA to
provide scientifically credible data to directly support chemical emergency planning, response,
and prevention programs mandated by Congress. Emergency workers and first responders
addressing accidental or intentional chemical releases need to know how dangerous a chemical
contaminant may be to breathe or touch, and how long it may remain dangerous. The program
develops short-term exposure limits applicable to the general population for a wide range of
extremely hazardous substances (approximately 400).
This goal also focuses on geographic areas with human and ecological communities
most at risk. For example, the Mexican Border is an area facing unique environmental
challenges. At the Mexican Border, EPA addresses local pollution and infrastructure needs that
are priorities for the Mexican and the U.S. governments under the Border 2012 agreement.
As the population in coastal regions grows, the challenges to preserve and protect these
important ecosystems increase. Through the National Estuary Program, coastal areas have
proved valuable grounds for combining innovative and community-based approaches with
national guidelines and interagency coordination to achieve results.
Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain
forests and coral reefs. Yet the nation loses an estimated 58,000 acres per year, and existing
wetlands may be degraded by excessive sedimentation, nutrient enrichment, and other
factors.13
13 Dahl, I.E. 1990. Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States, 1986 to 1997. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Available online at:
http://wetlands.fws.gov/bha/SandT/SandTReport.html: Report to Congress on the Status and Trends of Wetlands in the
Conterminous United States, 1986 to 1997.
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In 2001 the Supreme Court determined that some isolated waters and wetlands are not
regulated under the Clean Water Act. Many waters with important aquatic values may no longer
be covered by CWA Section 404 protections. However, in FY 2006, EPA and the Army Corps
of Engineers (Corps) will continue to strive towards the Administration's commitment of "no net
loss" of wetlands in the United States.
Large water bodies like the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and the Chesapeake Bay
are surrounded by industrial and other development and have been exposed to substantial
pollution over many years at levels higher than current environmental standards permit. As a
result, the volume of pollutants in these water bodies has exceeded their natural ability to
restore balance. Working with stakeholders, EPA has established special programs to protect
and restore these unique resources by addressing the vulnerabilities for each.
EPA's Brownfields Initiative to clean up brownfields and return them to use funds pilot
programs and other research efforts; clarifies liability issues; enters into Federal, state and local
partnerships; conducts outreach activities; and creates related job training and workforce
development programs.
The Agency will continue to support the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council
(NEJAC) which provides the Agency significant input from interested stakeholders such as
community-based organizations, business and industry, academic institutions, State, tribal and
local governments, non-governmental organizations and environmental groups.
EPA also has a responsibility to ensure that efforts to reduce potential environmental
risks are based on the best available scientific information. Strong science allows identification
of the most important sources of risk to human health and the environment as well as the best
means to detect, abate, and avoid possible environmental problems, and thereby guides our
priorities, policies, and deployment of resources. Under Goal 4, EPA will conduct research in
many areas, including emerging areas such as biotechnology and computational toxicology, to
help develop better understandings and characterizations of positive environmental outcomes
related to healthy communities and ecosystems.
In coordination with our state and tribal co-regulators and co-implementers and with the
support of industry, environmental groups, and other stakeholders, EPA will use multiple
approaches to address risks associated with chemicals and pesticides. Improving communities'
ability to address local problems is a critical part of our efforts to reduce risk.
Pesticides and Chemicals Programs
EPA will continue using both voluntary and regulatory approaches to address risks
associated with the use of pesticides in the home, work environment and agricultural settings.
These approaches include identifying and assessing potential risks from pesticides, setting
priorities for addressing these risks, strategizing for reducing these risks, and promoting
innovative and alternative measures of pest control, such as environmental
stewardship/integrated pest management (IPM). In addition, EPA will strengthen education and
training of workers and the public and promote the registration and use of reduced risk
pesticides.
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
EPA will make progress towards its objective of protecting human health, communities
and ecosystems from pesticide use by focusing on meeting our Food Quality Protection Act
(FQPA) statutory mandate of completing the assessment of all existing tolerances (9,721). This
process includes the issuance of all food use Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs). These
regulatory actions will ensure that pesticides on the market and the associated tolerance
residues remain safe for the public and the environment. EPA will also continue identifying
candidates for countering potential bioterrorist use of pesticides and biopesticides.
^TOLERANCE REASSESSMENT SUMMARY BREAKDOWN
Tolerances Total
to be Reassessed as Tolerances Percentage
Category Reassessed of 7/20/04 Remaining Reassessed
Organophosphates 1691 1131 560 66.88%
Carbamates 545 305 240 55.96%
Organochlorine 253 253 0 100%
Carcinogen 2008 1329 679 66.19%
High Hazard Inert 532 60.00%
Other 5219 3723 1496 71.33%
TOTALS 9721 6744 2977 69.37%
*EPA's Tolerance Index. Tolerance Tracking Systems and Tolerance Reassessment Database.
EPA plans to emphasize the continuation and further development of programs for the
review of new and existing chemicals. On the new chemicals front, the Agency will continue to
carry out its mandate to review potential risks from newly manufactured or imported chemicals
before they are introduced to commerce. EPA's "Sustainable Futures" program encourages
chemical manufacturers to apply pollution prevention techniques in the design of new
chemicals, so that chemicals entering the new chemical review process will be less hazardous
and less risky.
In addressing chemicals that have entered the market before the inception of the new
chemical review program, EPA will continue to implement its voluntary High Production Volume
(HPV) Chemicals Program, which challenges industry to develop chemical hazard data on
existing chemicals that it chooses to "sponsor." This will enable EPA and the public to screen
many chemicals already in commerce for risks they may be posing. Complementing HPV is the
Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP), a high-priority screening program
targeting existing chemicals believed to have particular impact on children's health. We will
make special efforts to assess the potential risks of newly developed substitutes for a chemical
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category of emerging concern: brominated flame retardants. EPA is working to engage
stakeholders in a cooperative process to evaluate the efficacy and potential risks of developing
flame retardants.
The Agency will continue to manage its programs to address specific chemicals of
concern, including lead, mineral fibers, dioxin, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals generally. The lead program will shift its
focus from oversight and rule development at the Headquarters level to regional oversight of
activities supported through grant funding -- such as state-implemented lead-based paint
training and certification programs and efforts targeted to high-risk areas ~ and on
implementation of a few of the highest priority regulatory and outreach efforts. EPA will
continue to implement a national voluntary phase-out of PCB Large Capacitors and PCB
Transformers, focusing on major Federal and private owners and operators of electrical
equipment. Priorities include the identification of opportunities for replacement of older, less
efficient equipment with newer, more efficient equipment and the accelerated phase-out of PCB-
containing electrical equipment as supplemental environmental projects. The Agency will
continue to work with the Maritime Administration (MARAD) in order to dispose of its fleet of
obsolete ships containing equipment that uses PCBs.
The Agency will continue Homeland Security activities focused on identifying and
reviewing proposed pesticides for use against pathogens of greatest concern for crops, animals,
and humans in advance of their potential introduction, including testing of antimicrobial products
to determine which are effective against human pathogens. If the safety concerns are met, and
the product is effective (in the case of antimicrobials), EPA can approve use of the product.
Close cooperation with other Federal agencies and industry will continue in order to carry out
these activities which directly respond to requirements in Homeland Security Presidential
Directives 9 and 10. Additionally, EPA's Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) program
will continue to develop proposed AEGL values.
The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program provides the public with information on the
releases and other waste management of toxic chemicals. Two laws, Section 313 of the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 6607 of the
Pollution Prevention Act (PPA), mandate that EPA annually collect information on listed toxic
chemicals from certain industries and make the information available to the public through
various means, including a publicly accessible national database.
Mexico Border Water Quality
The United States and Mexico have a long-standing commitment to protect the
environment and public health in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region. The U.S.-Mexico Border
2012 Program, a joint effort between the U.S. and Mexican governments, will work with the 10
border States and with border communities to improve the region's environmental health using
the Border 2012 Plan. Under this Plan, EPA expects to take several key actions to improve
water quality and protect public health.
Core Program Implementation: EPA will continue to implement core programs
under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and related authorities, ranging from discharge permit
issuance, to watershed restoration, to nonpoint pollution control.
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Wastewater Treatment Financing: Federal, state, and local institutions participate
in border area efforts to improve water quality through the construction of infrastructure
and development of pretreatment programs. Specifically, Mexico's National Water
Commission (CNA) and EPA provide funding and technical assistance for project
planning and construction.
• Build Partnerships: Since 1995, the NAFTA-created institutions, the Border
Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC) and the North American Development
Bank (NADBank), have had the primary role in working with communities to develop and
construct infrastructure projects. In FY 2006, EPA will establish a workgroup with
Mexico to develop a workplan to define specific steps needed to accomplish the water
quality improvement goals expressed in the Border 2012 Plan.
Protection and Restoration of Ecosystems
The National Estuary Program (NEP) is a key tool for restoring and protecting the quality
of the nation's ecosystems. The NEP provides inclusive, community-based planning and action
at the watershed level and has an established record of improvements to ecosystem conditions.
A top priority in FY 2006 is to continue supporting the efforts to implement
Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plans in all 28 NEP estuaries. A critical
measure of success is the number of priority actions in these plans that have been initiated and
the number that have been completed. EPA created a baseline to track priority actions in 2004
and now tracks implementation of actions.
The health of the Nation's estuarine ecosystems also depends on the maintenance of
high-quality habitat. Diminished and degraded habitats are less able to support healthy
populations of wildlife and marine organisms and perform the economic, environmental, and
aesthetic functions on which coastal populations depend for their livelihood. A key success has
been the restoration of over 500,000 acres of habitat over the past decade. For 2006, EPA has
set a goal of protecting or restoring an additional 25,000 acres of habitat within the 28 study
areas.
Finally, EPA will work with National Estuary Programs in FY 2006 to improve information
about conditions in the estuaries. Starting in FY 2005, each program will have indicators in
place to track environmental trends in the estuary. In FY 2006, EPA will develop and issue a
baseline report on the condition of NEP estuaries modeled after the National Coastal Condition
Report.
Wetlands Protection
Wetlands are among our Nation's most critical and productive natural resources. They provide
a variety of benefits, such as water quality improvements, flood protection, shoreline erosion
control, and ground water exchange. Wetlands are the primary habitat for fish, waterfowl, and
wildlife, and as such, provide numerous opportunities for education, recreation, and research.
EPA recognizes that the challenges the Nation faces to conserve our wetland heritage are
daunting and that many partners must work together for this effort to succeed. EPA's strategy
for meeting wetland goals in FY 2006 is described below.
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Net Gain Goal: Meeting the "net gain" element of the wetland goal will be
accomplished by other Federal programs (Farm Bill agriculture incentive programs and
wetlands acquisition and restoration programs, including those administered by Fish and
Wildlife Service) and non-Federal programs. EPA contributes to achieving no overall net
loss through EPA's regulatory programs, including the Clean Water Act Section 404/401
permit review, compliance and enforcement, and other programs. EPA will also support
States, Tribes, and others to protect and restore wetlands and build capacity to increase
wetland functionality. In implementing these responsibilities, each Region will identify
watersheds where wetlands and other aquatic resources are most at risk, including from
cumulative impacts. EPA will improve levels of protection through actions that include:
working with and integrating wetlands protection into other EPA programs such as
Section 319, State Revolving Fund, National Estuary Program; working with the Corps of
Engineers (COE) and/or States on permitting and mitigation compliance; providing
grants and technical assistance to state, tribal or local organizations; and developing
information, education and outreach tools.
• No Net Loss: Building upon the analysis of existing mitigation data base
systems, the Corps, EPA, USDA, DOI, and NOAA will establish a shared
mitigation database by FY 2005. Utilizing the shared database, the Agencies will
provide an annual public report card on compensatory mitigation to complement
reporting of other wetlands programs. To help ensure no net loss of aquatic
resources the Corps has initiated six new performance measures designed to
improve permitting and mitigation compliance, including compliance inspections
and audits, and resolution of enforcement actions.
EPA will work with the COE to ensure application of the 404(b)(1) guidelines,
which require that discharges into waters of the U.S. be avoided and minimized to the
extent practicable. Each Region will also identify opportunities to partner with the Corps
in meeting performance measures for compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts.
Targeted Watershed Grant Program
The Targeted Watersheds Grant Program, now in its third year, is designed to
encourage successful community-based approaches and management techniques to protect
and restore the nation's waters. This a competitive grant program predicated on the following
fundamental principles of environmental improvement: collaboration, new technologies, market
incentives, and results-oriented strategies. The organizations chosen to receive funds use the
resources for a variety of restoration, protection and trading projects. Money is used to stabilize
stream banks, demonstrate innovative nutrient management schemes, establish pollutant
credits, and work with local governments and private citizens to promote sustainable practices
and strategies. Grants range from $300,000 to $1,300,000, with an additional 25 percent
leveraged from other sources.
Protecting the Great Lakes
As the largest freshwater system on the face of the earth (containing 20 percent of the
earth's surface water and 90 percent of the surface water in the United States), the Great Lakes
ecosystem holds the key to the quality of life and economic prosperity for tens of millions of
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people. While significant progress has been made to restore the environmental health of the
Great Lakes, work remains.
Over the upcoming year, the local, state, tribal, and Federal Great Lakes Regional
Collaboration will work together to develop a strategy to address Great Lakes water quality. The
Regional Collaboration was called for as part of the President's May 2004 Executive Order,
directing EPA to establish the great Lakes Task force to coordinate the Federal effort to improve
water quality in the Great Lakes. The strategy will focus on outcomes like cleaner water and
sustainable fisheries, and targeting measurable results and build upon priority setting work done
by the eight Great Lakes governors and by partners to the Great Lakes Strategy 2002: A Plan
for the New Millennium. Objectives of strategy include cleaning up and de-listing at least 10
Areas of Concern by 2010, a 25 percent reduction in PCB concentrations in lake trout and
walleye, and restoration or enhancement of 100,000 acres of wetlands in the Great Lakes
Basin. In FY 2006, EPA will give special attention to work in the following three areas:
• Core Clean Water Programs: While the Great Lakes face a range of unique
pollution problems (extensive sediment contamination) they also face problem common
to most other waterbodies around the country. Core clean water programs must be fully
and effectively implemented throughout the Great Lakes Basin. EPA will focus on
assuring that by 2008, 100 percent of the major, permitted discharges to the Lakes or
major tributaries have permits that reflect the most current standards. In addition, EPA
will focus on assuring that 95 percent of permits are consistent with the national
Combined Sewer Overflow Policy.
Great Lakes Legacy Act: Restoration of contaminated sediments around the Great
Lakes is a critical step toward meeting water quality goals. In FY 2006, EPA will
expedite work to address contaminated sediment. In FY 2006 EPA anticipates
remediation efforts will result in cleanup of over one-quarter million cubic yards of
contaminated sediments, with cleanup beginning at approximately 6 sites.
• Implementing Expanded Beach Safety Programs. In FY 2006, EPA will work
with States to both improve the state water quality standards for bacteria in recreational
waters and to implement the BEACH Act (see Goal 2). EPA has a goal that 100percent
of high priority beaches around the Great Lakes are served by water quality monitoring
and public notification programs consistent with the BEACH Act guidance.
Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and a water resource of
tremendous ecological and economic importance. For over twenty years, efforts to protect and
restore the Bay have been led by the Chesapeake Bay Executive Council—Bay area governors,
the mayor of the District of Columbia; the EPA Administrator, and the chair of the Chesapeake
Bay Commission, a tri-state legislative body. This unique regional partnership has defined
environmental improvements needed in the Bay and developed a strategy that blends
regulatory and voluntary processes.
One of the key measures of success in achieving improved Chesapeake Bay water
quality will be the restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation. To achieve improved water
quality needed to restore submerged aquatic vegetation, the Chesapeake Bay Program
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partners committed to reducing nutrient and sediment pollution loads sufficiently to remove the
Bay and the tidal portions of its tributaries from the list of impaired waters. EPA and Bay area
States have agreed to an approach to meeting restoration goals for Chesapeake Bay including
the following key actions for FY 2006:
• Implement Pollution Reduction Strategies: States have developed pollution
reduction strategies for each of the watersheds within the larger Bay watershed. These
strategies define specific, localized approaches to meeting new state water quality
standards and to restoring impaired waters by the year 2010. Although each strategy
will describe a series of steps specifically designed for that watershed, most strategies
will address the need for advanced treatment at sewage treatment plants, the need to
reduce nutrients and sediments from farms, and the need to expand streamside buffers.
• Core Programs in the Bay Area: In addition to new watershed-specific strategies,
EPA and state partners will continue to implement core clean water programs that are
essential to maintaining past progress in improving the health of the Bay. For example,
Bay area States will continue to provide low interest loans for the financing of sewage
treatment systems and will continue to implement comprehensive, statewide programs
for reducing nonpoint sources of pollution. The discharge permit program will provide
controls on discharges from storm water facilities, confined animal feeding operations,
sewage treatment plans and combined sewer overflows.
Protecting the Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico basin has been called "America's Watershed." Its U.S. coastline is
1,630 miles, it is fed by thirty-three major rivers, and it receives drainage from 31 States in
addition to a similar drainage area from Mexico. One sixth of the U.S. population now lives in
Gulf Coast states. For FY 2006, EPA has worked with States and other partners to define key
activities to support attainment of environmental and health goals. These activities fall into three
categories:
• Core Clean Water Programs: The Clean Water Act provides authority and
resources that are essential to protecting water quality in the Gulf of Mexico and in the
larger Mississippi River Basin that contributes pollution, especially oxygen demanding
nutrients, to the Gulf. EPA will work with States to assure the continued effective
implementation of core clean water programs, ranging from discharge permits, to
nonpoint pollution controls, to wastewater treatment, to protection of wetlands.
• Protecting and Restoring the Gulf of Mexico: A central pillar of the strategy to
restore the health of the Gulf is restoration of water quality and habitat in 12 priority
coastal watersheds. These 12 watersheds include 354 of the impaired segments
identified by States around the Gulf and will receive targeted technical and financial
assistance to restore impaired waters. The 2008 goal is to fully attain water quality
standards in at least 20percent of these segments.
Reducing the Size of the Hypoxic Zone: Any strategy to improve the overall
health of the entire Gulf of Mexico must include a focused effort to reduce the size of the
zone of hypoxic conditions (i.e. low oxygen in the water) in the northern Gulf. Actions to
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address this problem will need to focus on both localized addition of pollution to the Gulf
and on controlling the loadings of nutrients from the Mississippi River.
In working to accomplish this goal, EPA and other Federal agencies will continue
implementation of core clean water programs and partnerships among agencies; specific
efforts in FY 2006 will include:
Work with States to select a project watershed in each of the States in the Lower
Mississippi River Basin to reduce nitrogen loadings to the lower Mississippi River;
Work with States and other partners to identify "100 Highest Opportunity
Watersheds" where nitrogen reduction strategies will be implemented;
Implement the "Friends of the Gulf" award program to recognize corporations,
organizations, or individuals that have taken effective, voluntary measures to
reduce nutrient inputs; and
Work with the private sector to support Industry Led Solutions for reducing both
point and nonpoint sources.
Solid Waste and Emergency Response
To reduce or eliminate the potential risks associated with chemical releases, EPA must
first identify and understand potential chemical risks and releases. EPA will use information
generated by the Risk Management Program (RMP), Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA^ and the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC)
program to supplement data on potential chemical risks and to develop voluntary initiatives and
activities to reduce risk at high-risk facilities, priority industry sectors, and/or specific geographic
areas. To meet its objective of protecting human health, communities, and ecosystems from
chemical releases through facility risk reduction efforts and building community infrastructures,
EPA, working with state and local implementing agencies, intends to complete 100 RMP audits
in FY 2006.
EPA will collect information from the local emergency planning committees (LEPCs)
during FYs 2004-2006 to determine the extent to which they have incorporated appropriate
facility risk information into their emergency preparedness and community right-to-know
programs. This information will serve as a baseline from which EPA will track progress toward
this strategic goal. EPA will also continue an initiative to improve and enhance emergency
preparedness and prevention in tribal communities.
Brown fields
Economic changes over several decades have left thousands of communities with these
contaminated properties and abandoned sites. Working with its state, tribal, and local partners
to meet its objective to sustain, cleanup, and restore communities and the ecological systems
that support them. Together with extension of the Brownfields tax credit, EPA intends to
achieve the following results in FY 2006:
• Assess 1,000 Brownfields properties
• Clean up 60 properties using Brownfields funding
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
• Leverage $1 billion in cleanup/redevelopment funding
• Leverage 5,000 jobs
• Train 200 participants, placing 65 percent in jobs
Community Action to Renew the Environment
EPA supports community-based, multi-media approaches to the reductions of toxics
through the Community Action to Renew the Environment (CARE) program. This program fills
a gap in our national programs which provide a broad level of basic health and environmental
protection but which do not always sufficiently meet the needs of all communities, especially
those which are overburdened by toxic pollutants. CARE works to reduce those risks through
cost-effective, tailored and immediate actions. Grants will be awarded to provide funding for
communities to organize and assess the risks in their community and to take action to reduce
those risks. The program also provides multi-media risk reduction and risk assessment tools,
models to assist communities in identifying, prioritizing and reducing risks. This program will
result in measurable results in the reduction of exposures to toxic pollutants including toxic
chemicals, lead, pesticides and particulates, as well as a reduction in exposure to asthma
triggers.
Smart Growth
The Smart Growth program achieves measurably improved environmental and
economic outcomes by working with States, communities, industry leaders, and nonprofit
organizations to minimize the environmental impacts of development. EPA provides tools,
technical assistance, education, research and environmental data to help States and
communities grow in ways that minimize environmental and health impacts and evaluate
environmental consequences of various development patterns. EPA's Smart Growth activities
and tools show community and government leaders how they can meet environmental
standards through innovative community design and identify and research new policy initiatives
to improve environmental quality by supporting environmentally friendly development patterns.
In FY 06, EPA plans to build upon its work in Smart Growth outreach and direct implementation
assistance.
EPA will also continue to coordinate smart growth work with EPA's Brownfield program
to reuse and revitalize vacant and abandoned properties. EPA plans to continue developing
incentives for brownfield redevelopment, provide direct assistance to communities working on
brownfields, and maintain our education and outreach on innovative methods for brownfield
redevelopment.
Research
EPA has a responsibility to ensure that efforts to reduce potential environmental risks
are based on the best available scientific information. Strong science allows identification of the
most important sources of risk to human health and the environment as well as the best means
to detect, abate, and avoid possible environmental problems, and thereby guides our priorities,
policies, and deployment of resources.
To enable the Agency to enhance science and research for human health, communities,
and ecosystems through 2008, EPA will engage in high priority, multidisciplinary research
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efforts to improve understanding of the risks associated with: 1) human health and ecosystems;
2) mercury; 3) pesticides and toxics; 4) computational toxicology; 5) endocrine disrupters; 6)
global change; and 7) homeland security. The Agency also is proposing an Advanced
Monitoring Initiative (AMI) for FY 2006, which will bring the best monitoring data and information
into environmental decision making to protect human health and the environment.
In FY 2006, EPA will continue research efforts on susceptible subpopulations to support
the National Children's Study (NCS). The Agency will collaborate with the NCS Interagency
Consortium to assess the early pre- and post-natal NCS results, and develop tools for
characterizing environmental risks to young children and adolescents participating in the study.
Also, the Agency's human health risk assessment research program expects to produce
32 final and external review draft dose-response assessments of high priority chemicals in
support of Program Office, Regional, state and tribal risk assessment needs. These include
three assessments of microbial contaminant risks in support of Contaminant Candidate List
(CCL) regulatory determinations by EPA's Water program; and one final Air Quality Criteria
Document (AQCD-ozone) and one external review draft AQCD (lead) to support National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) decision-making.
In order to better understand the current condition of ecosystems, what stressors are
changing that condition, what the effects are of those changes, and what can be done to
prevent, mitigate, or adapt to those changes the Agency's ecosystems research will continue to
develop approaches to identify and test the linkages between probability-based and targeted
water quality monitoring programs, landscape characteristics, and the probability of water body
impairment. Monitoring methods and decision support systems will continue being developed
and diagnosis and forecasting models previously developed will be applied to provide a better
scientific basis for ecosystem protection and restoration. In FY 2006 EPA will also continue
research to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration options for aquatic ecosystems, with
particular emphasis on options for the Mid-Atlantic Region and the western United States.
In the mercury research program, research will focus on evaluating the cost and
performance of options to reduce mercury emissions from coal-fired utility boilers and further
testing of continuous source emission monitors (CEMs). Work on control technologies will
include pilot- and full-scale testing of systems that optimize mercury, SO2, and NOx control from
the combustion of bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coals and evaluation of the
performance and cost of promising control technologies under development (e.g., new sorbents)
and assessing how these technologies impact the characteristics of coal combustion residues.
EPA continues to make real progress in the area of computational toxicology. In FY
2006, the Agency expects to deliver the first alternative assay for animal testing of
environmental toxicants. This assay could be a replacement for a currently used animal-based
assay in the Tier 1 screening battery of compounds that may disrupt the body's endocrine or
hormonal systems. Also, under its endocrine disrupters research program, the Agency has
developed and refined assays so that its Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances program
has the necessary protocols to validate for use in the Agency's Endocrine Disrupters Screening
Program and in FY 2006 will develop a report on a protocol to screen environmental chemicals
for their ability to interact with the male hormone receptor.
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EPA's homeland security research program supports the Administration's R&D priority of
addressing our Nation's ability to prevent, detect, treat, remediate, and attribute acts of
terrorism. Homeland Security research will continue to enhance the state of knowledge of
potential threats, as well as response capabilities in accordance with Homeland Security
Presidential Directives (HSPDs). Areas of emphasis will include decontamination and
consequence management, water infrastructure protection, and threat and consequence
assessment.
The Agency will also train the next generation of environmental scientists through its
fellowship programs and seek to identify emerging risks and opportunities in nanotechnology
through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program exploratory grants program.
EPA continues to work closely with the Administration's Climate Change Science
Program (CCSP). EPA's Global Change Research Program is focused on understanding the
potential consequences of global change with the goal of producing information that can be
readily used by policymakers to understand the various potential impacts of global change and
to formulate strategies to effectively respond to the risks and opportunities presented by global
change. In addition, EPA manages its basic research programs according to the
Administration's Investment Criteria for Research and Development. Specifically, the Agency's
detailed, externally-reviewed multi-year plans for its research programs describe clear goals and
priorities, and are periodically updated to reflect changes in science and resources.
As part of the periodic multi-year plan revisions, EPA is examining the design of each
program to help identify its outputs, customers, transfer needs, and short-, intermediate-, and
long-term outcomes. Beginning in FY2005, EPA is implementing regular evaluations by
independent and external panels that provide prospective and retrospective review of program
relevance, quality, and performance, including the program's design and performance goals.
The Agency's Board of Scientific Counselors, the chosen mechanism for these reviews, will
examine the ecosystems protection and human health research programs in the second quarter
of FY 2005. EPA's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program is also managed
according to the Investment Criteria for Research and Development, ensuring the quality of its
extramural research through a competitive, peer-reviewed awards process.
In FY 2006, a portion of EPA's pesticides and toxic substances research will be
accomplished using a new approach to applied research funding at EPA. This arrangement,
based on the existing collaborative framework between the media and research offices, is
designed to ensure continued relevance and quality of applied research at EPA. In FY 2006,
funds will be provided to the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances to use a
fee-for-service arrangement with the Office of Research and Development to obtain additional
research focusing on the Agency's highest priority pesticides and toxic substances research
needs.
In addition, two programs in this Goal have been reviewed through the Program
Assessment Rating Tool (PART). The ecosystems protection research program is in the
process of responding to PART recommendations, including developing outcome and efficiency
measures. EPA will reassess the program in the spring of 2005. EPA also reviewed for the FY
2006 PART process EPA's endocrine disrupters program, which received an "Adequate" rating.
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Enforcement and Compliance
EPA's continued enforcement efforts will be strengthened through the development of
measures to assess the impact of enforcement activities, and assist in targeting areas that pose
the greatest risks to human health or the environment; display patterns of noncompliance; and
include disproportionately exposed populations. In addition, the EPA's enforcement program
supports Environmental Justice efforts by focusing enforcement actions and criminal
investigations on industries that have repeatedly violated environmental laws in minority and/or
low-income areas.
Environmental Justice
EPA's environmental justice program will continue education, outreach, and data
collection initiatives. The program provides a central point for the Agency to address
environmental and human health concerns in minority and/or low-income communities,
segments of the population that have been disproportionately exposed to environmental harms
and risks. The program will continue to manage the Agency's Environmental Justice
Community Small Grants program that assists community-based organizations working to
develop solutions to local environmental issues.
The Agency will continue to support the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council
(NEJAC). The Council provides the Agency with significant input from interested stakeholders
such as community-based organizations, business and industry, academic institutions, state,
tribal and local governments, non-governmental organizations and environmental groups. The
Agency will also continue to chair an Interagency Working Group (IWG) consisting of eleven
departments and agencies, as well as representatives of various White House offices, to ensure
that environmental justice concerns are incorporated into all Federal programs.
International Affairs
Many human health and environmental risks to the American public originate outside our
borders. Many pollutants can travel easily across borders - via rivers, air and ocean currents,
and migrating wildlife. Even in the remote Arctic, industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) have been found in the tissues of local wildlife. Further, differences in public
health standards can contribute to global pollution. A chemical of particular concern to one
country may not be controlled or regulated in the same way by another. EPA employs a range
of strategies for achieving its goals. These strategies include participation in bilateral programs
(U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada programs and the Border Environmental Cooperation
Commission (BECC)), as well as cooperation with multinational organizations like the
Commission for Environmental Cooperation, the World Trade Organization, and the World
Health Organization. Strategies also include contributing to a set of measurable end points that
will show reductions in pollutants of concern and pollutants at their origin, as well as exposure to
our citizens along the US borders, thereby reducing the level of pollutants in the global
atmosphere
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Strategic Goal: Improve environmental performance through compliance with
environmental requirements, preventing pollution, and promoting environmental stewardship.
Protect human health and the environment by encouraging innovation and providing incentives
for governments, businesses, and the public that promote environmental stewardship.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
^^
10.1% of Budget
1 - Improve Compliance
2 - Improve Environmental
Performance through Pollution
Prevention and Innovation
3 - Build Tribal Capacity
4 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 5 Total
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$438,530.6
$147,593.1
$79,625.8
$69,593.0
$735,342.5
FY2006
President's
Request
$486,878.1
$142,142.6
$74,016.8
$57,940.7
$760,978.2
Difference
$48,347.5
-$5,450.5
-$5,609.1
-$11,652.3
$25,635.7
Workyears
3,446.9
3,469.3
22.3
* Agency authorized FTE levels are being aligned with actual utilization. See workforce section in the
overview.
Throughout FY 2006, the Environmental Protection Agency will work to improve the
nation's environmental protection practices, and to enhance natural resource conservation on
the part of government, business, and the public. To accomplish these goals, the Agency will
employ a mixture of effective inspection, enforcement and compliance assistance strategies;
provide leadership and support for pollution prevention and sustainable practices; reduce
regulatory barriers; and refine and apply results-based, innovative, and multimedia approaches
to environmental stewardship and safeguarding human health.
In order to be effective, the EPA requires a strong enforcement and compliance
program, one which identifies and reduces noncompliance problems; assists the regulated
community in understanding environmental laws and regulations; responds to complaints from
the public; strives to secure a level economic playing field for law-abiding companies; and
deters future violations. The EPA will protect human health and the environment by
encouraging innovation and providing incentives for governments, businesses, and the public to
promote environmental stewardship. In addition, EPA will assist Federally recognized Tribes in
assessing environmental conditions in Indian Country, and will help build their capacity to
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
implement environmental programs. EPA will also strengthen the scientific evidence and
research supporting environmental policies and decisions on compliance, pollution prevention,
and environmental stewardship.
Improving Compliance with Environmental Laws
Critical to the success of EPA's mission is a strong commitment to ensuring compliance
with environmental laws and policies. Working in partnership with state and Tribal governments,
local communities and other Federal agencies, in FY 2006 EPA will identify and address
significant environmental and public health problems, strategically deploy its resources, and
make use of integrated approaches to achieve strong environmental outcomes. In the context of
the Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Program, these principles mean that we must be
"smart" in the work that we do.
In order to meet the Agency's goals, its "smart enforcement" strategy employs an integrated,
common-sense approach to problem-solving and decision-making. An appropriate mix of data
collection and analysis; compliance monitoring, assistance and incentives; civil and criminal
enforcement resources; and innovative problem-solving approaches are used to address
significant environmental issues and achieve environmentally beneficial outcomes.
This approach also requires that the Agency develop and maintain strong and flexible
partnerships with regulated entities and a well-informed public, in order to foster a climate of
empowerment and shared responsibility for the quality of our nation's land, resources and
communities. Thus the Agency can carefully target its enforcement and compliance assurance
resources, personnel and activities to address the most significant risks to human health and
the environment, and to ensure that certain populations do not bear a disproportionate
environmental burden.
EPA's continued enforcement efforts will be strengthened through the development of
measures to assess the impact of enforcement and compliance activities; assist in targeting
areas that pose the greatest risks to human health or the environment; display patterns of
noncompliance; or include disproportionately exposed populations. Further, EPA cooperates
with states and the international community to enforce and ensure compliance with cross-border
environmental regulations, and to help build their capacity to design and implement effective
environmental regulatory, enforcement and Environmental Impact Assessment programs.
• Compliance Assistance and Incentives: The Agency's Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance Program uses compliance assistance and incentive tools to
encourage compliance with regulatory requirements, and to reduce adverse public
health and environmental problems. To achieve compliance, the regulated community
must first understand its obligations, and then learn how to best comply with regulatory
obligations. Throughout FY 2006 EPA will support the regulated universe by working to
assure that requirements are clearly understood, and will help industry to identify cost-
effective innovative, compliance options. EPA also enables other assistance providers
(e.g., states, universities) to provide compliance information to the regulated community.
• Compliance Monitoring: The Agency reviews and evaluates the activities of the
regulated community, to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit
conditions and settlement agreements, and to determine whether conditions presenting
imminent and substantial endangerment exist. The majority of work years devoted to
compliance monitoring are provided to the Agency's regional offices to conduct
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
investigations and on-site inspections, and perform monitoring, sampling and emissions
testing. FY 2006 Compliance Monitoring activities will be both environmental media-
and sector-based. The traditional media-based inspections compliment those performed
by states and Tribes, and are a key part of our strategy for meeting the long-term and
annual goals established for the air, water, pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous
waste environmental goals included in the EPA Strategic Plan.
• Enforcement: The Enforcement Program addresses violations of environmental laws,
to ensure that violators come into compliance with Federal laws and regulations. In FY
2006 the program will work to achieve the Agency's environmental goals through
consistent, fair and focused enforcement of all environmental statutes. The overarching
goal of the Enforcement program is to protect human health and the environment,
targeting its actions according to degree of health and environmental risk. Further, it
aims to level the economic playing field by ensuring that violators do not realize an
economic benefit from non-compliance, and also seeks to deter future violations.
• Auditing and Evaluation Tools: Maximum compliance requires the active efforts of
the regulated community to police itself. Throughout FY 2006 EPA will continue to
investigate options for encouraging self-directed audits and disclosures. It will also
continue to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of Agency programs in improving
compliance rates and provide information and compliance assistance to the regulated
community. Further, the Agency will maintain its focus on developing innovative
approaches through better communication, fostering partnerships and cooperation, and
the application of new technologies.
• Partnering: State, Tribal and local governments bear much of the responsibility for
ensuring compliance, and EPA works in partnership with them and other Federal
agencies to promote environmental protection. EPA also develops and maintains
productive partnerships with other nations, to enable and enforce compliance with U.S.
environmental standards and regulations.
Improving Environmental Performance Through Pollution Prevention
EPA will work to bring about a performance-oriented regulatory system that develops
innovative, flexible strategies to achieve measurable results; promotes environmental
stewardship in all parts of society; supports sustainable development and pollution prevention;
and fosters a culture of creative environmental problem solving that has a high capacity for
collaborative results-driven work and the organizational systems to support it.
• Partnering with Businesses and Consumers: In 2006, through the Pollution
Prevention (P2) program, EPA will continue to encourage, empower, and assist
government and business to "green" the nation's supply and demand structures to make
them more environmentally sound. Through the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing
Program, the Agency will help Federal agencies identify and procure those products that
generate the least pollution, consume fewest non-renewable natural resources, and
constitute the least threat to human health and to the environment. EPA's innovative
Green Suppliers Network Program works with large manufacturers to increase energy
efficiency; identify cost-saving opportunities; optimize resources and technology through
the development of sound business approaches incorporating pollution prevention; and
to promote those approaches among their numerous suppliers.
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
"An Ounce of Pollution Prevention is Worth Over 167 Billion Pounds of Cure"
A Decade of Pollution Prevention Results, 1990-2000
167 Billion Pounds of
Pollution Prevented by
Media
Water
Resources Conserved
215 million kWh of energy
4.1 billions gallons of water
$666 million in cost savings
Source: National Pollution Prevention Roundtable, January 2003 report on achievement of state and local P2
Partnering with Industry: The EPA will continue to reduce the amount of toxic
chemicals in use by encouraging the design of alternative less-toxic chemicals and
industry processes through its Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Programs. New
emphasis will be placed on the development of environmentally preferable substitutes
for emerging chemicals of concern such as brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated
acids, and chemicals which are persistent in the environment, toxic, and capable of
accumulating in animal, fish, and human tissue. In conjunction with the efforts of the
Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Programs, the Design for the Environment
Program will continue collaborative partnerships with industries to develop safer
products, processes and technologies.
Pollution Prevention Grant Program: Pollution Prevention Grants to states and
Tribes enable them to provide technical assistance, education and outreach to assist
businesses and industries in identifying strategies and solutions to reduce wastes and
pollution at the source. In 2006, EPA plans to enhance its P2 grant management
system by incorporating pollution prevention metrics that capture quantifiable
environmental results within individual work plans, and by sharing those results
regionally and nationally.
NEPA Federal Review: EPA fulfills its uniquely Federal responsibilities under the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) by reviewing and commenting on other
Federal agency environmental impact statements (EISs). NEPA requires that Federal
agencies prepare and submit EISs to identify potential environmental consequences of
major proposed activities, and develop plans to mitigate or eliminate negative impacts.
The Enforcement and Compliance Assistance Program maximizes its use of NEPA
review resources by targeting its efforts toward potentially high-impact projects, thereby
promoting cooperation and innovation, and working towards a more streamlined review
process.
Environmental Information Exchange Network: The Exchange Network Grant
Program provides funding to states, territories, Tribes, and Tribal consortia to help them
develop the information management and technology (IM/IT) capabilities they need to
participate in the Environmental Information Exchange Network (Exchange Network);
define common data standards, formats, and trading partner agreements for sharing
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
data over the Exchange Network; and the plan, develop, and implement collaborative,
innovative uses of the Exchange Network.
Promoting Environmental Stewardship and Innovation
In FY 2006, EPA will encourage and support states, Tribes, communities and
businesses to "go beyond compliance" with environmental regulations, and to practice and
promote environmental stewardship. EPA will accomplish its goals using the next generation of
voluntary innovative environmental protection strategies. The Agency will work with states,
businesses, and communities to develop the "next generation" of environmental protection, one
that focuses more on results than process, and promotes business practices that are both
environmentally and economically sustainable. EPA will focus on five areas of work under its
innovation strategy:
1. Promote innovative leadership through new ideas, creative partnerships, and sound
analysis;
2. Encourage environmental stewardship in businesses;
3. Promote stronger facility-level environmental management, including Environmental
Management Systems (EMSs);
4. Improve environmental performance of selected business sectors; and
5. Improve program efficiency through increased evaluation and measurement.
• Innovation Grant Program: EPA will continue to award Innovation Grants to states
and Tribes to encourage testing innovative environmental protection strategies, such as
permit streamlining; development of environmental management systems that promote
the use of innovative technologies for better environmental results; and other projects
that demonstrate improved efficiencies in environmental management.
• Performance Grant Fund: For FY 2006 EPA proposes a new competitive state and
Tribal Performance Grant Fund to support results-oriented environmental protection
work. The grants will help states and Tribes measure, document and improve the
results of their environmental protection programs. The Fund will support state work
with businesses, non-profit organizations and communities to pursue alternative means
of compliance and performance through a variety of means. These include pollution
prevention, changes in business processes, product stewardship, technical and
compliance assistance, recycling and pollution trading. The Fund will also support
geographic, ecosystem, and regulatory program performance improvement initiatives.
• Performance Track: One of EPA's most successful voluntary programs, Performance
Track recognizes and rewards private and public facilities that demonstrate levels of
environmental performance that exceed current requirements. Performance Track
membership is steadily growing, as more and more businesses recognizes the benefits
of the program, and see that their participation "makes good business sense." EPA will
continue to recruit facilities to participate in Performance Track, and provide assistance
to those facilities to improve their environmental performance. In FY 2006 Performance
Track members will collectively achieve an annual reduction of: 900 million gallons in
water use; 7,000,000 MMBTUs in energy use; 20,000 tons in materials use; 300,000
tons of solid waste; 35,000 tons of air releases; and 10,000 tons in water discharges.
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
• Sector-based Stewardship: In FY 2006 EPA will continue to work with the following
industrial business sectors: agribusiness, cement manufacturing, construction, forest
products, iron and steel manufacturing, paint and coatings, ports, shipbuilding, metal
finishing, die casting and meat processing. EPA will work with national representatives
of these business sectors to set pollution reduction goals, measure performance, provide
environmental protection tools and technical assistance, remove barriers, develop
incentives, reduce regulatory burdens and test innovative strategies.
• Small Business Ombusdman: EPA will continue to
support the Small Business Ombudsman program, which
serves as EPA's gateway and leading advocate for small
business issues. The Agency will partner with state Small
Business Assistance Programs, and hundreds of small
business and trade associations, to reach out to the small
business community. These partnerships provide the
information and perspective EPA needs to help small Servin8 Sraall Businesses anfl the En,iroiment
businesses achieve their environmental goals, and gives
businesses access to networks, advocacy resources, tools and educational forums.
Building Tribal Capacity
Since adoption of the EPA Indian Policy in 1984 EPA has worked with Tribes on a
government-to-government basis, one that affirms the Agency's trust responsibility over
Federally recognized Tribes and Tribal governments. Under Federal environmental statutes, the
Agency has responsibility for assuring human health and environmental protection in Indian
communities. EPA has worked to establish the internal infrastructure and organize its activities
in order to meet this responsibility. The creation of EPA's American Indian Environmental Office
(AIEO) in 1994 took responsibility for such efforts and was a further step in ensuring
environmental protection in Indian Country. EPA's strategy for achieving this Objective has
three major components:
• Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will work
to create an environmental presence for each Federally recognized Tribe. In FY 2006,
using Tribal GAP grant resources EPA will provide approximately 510 Federally
recognized Tribes and InterTribal Consortia access to resources to hire at least one
person working in their community to build a strong, sustainable environment for the
future. Tribal communities can then assess environmental conditions on their lands, and
build an environmental program tailored to their specific needs. In addition to assisting
in the building of Tribal environmental capacity, another key role of this workforce is to
alert EPA of immediate public health and ecological threats, so that EPA can work with
the Tribe to respond quickly and effectively.
• Provide Access to Environmental Information: EPA will provide the information
needed by Tribes to meet EPA and Tribal environmental priorities. At the same time,
ensure that the Agency has the ability to view and analyze the conditions on Indian
lands, as well as the impacts of EPA and Tribal actions and programs on Indian trust
lands.
• Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide opportunities
for the implementation of Tribal environmental programs by Tribes, or directly by EPA,
as necessary.
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
The Agency continues to take advantage of new technology to establish direct links to
the U.S. Geological Service, Bureau of Reclamation, Indian Health Service, and other Federal
agency data systems, to further the development of an integrated, comprehensive, multi-agency
Tribal Enterprise Architecture. The Agency continues to formalize interagency data standards
and protocols to ensure quality information is collected and reported consistently among the
Federal agencies. To this end, EPA has adopted Tribal Identifier codes that will enable data
systems to identify Tribal sources of information. In FY 2006, EPA will integrate 10 existing
Agency data systems and assist other agencies to adopt these common codes.
Research
Over the past several years the Agency has increasingly focused on preventative and
sustainable approaches to health and environmental problems. Sustainable approaches
require: (1) innovative design and production techniques that minimize or eliminate
environmental liabilities; (2) integrated management of air, water, and land resources; and (3)
changes in the traditional methods of creating and distributing goods and services. EPA
remains committed to helping industry achieve these ideals while at the same time adopting
more effective and efficient practices, materials, and technologies.
In FY2006, research will explore the principles governing sustainable systems and the
integration of social, economic, and environmental objectives in environmental assessment and
management. The Agency will also assess the interactions between various stressors that
threaten human and environmental health, and will work to develop innovative and cost-
effective responses. In a broader context, the program will focus not just on the industrial
sectors, but other areas critical to stewardship, e.g., municipal sector and ecosystems. FY 2006
research will also develop tools and methodologies to prevent pollution at its source and
evaluate the performance of innovative environmental technologies through the Environmental
Technology Verification (ETV) program.
EPA manages its compliance and environmental stewardship research programs
according to the administration's Investment Criteria for Research and Development.
Specifically, the Agency is in the process of revising its pollution prevention multi-year plan to
emphasize sustainability. This multi-year plan will describe clear goals and priorities. As part of
this effort, EPA will identify the appropriate outputs, customers, transfer needs, and short-,
intermediate-, and long-term outcomes for this program. In FY2005, EPA will continue to
implement a program of regular evaluations by independent and external panels, to provide
prospective and retrospective review of programs' relevance, quality, and performance,
including the programs' design and performance goals.
EPA also conducts Economics and Decision Sciences (EDS) research to improve
decision making, cost-benefit analyses, and implementation strategies. In FY 2006, EDS
research will be accomplished using a new approach to applied research funding at EPA. This
arrangement, based on the existing collaborative framework between the media and research
offices, is designed to ensure continued relevance and quality of applied research at EPA. In
FY 2006, funds will be provided to the Office of Policy, Economics and Innovation to use a fee-
for-service arrangement with the Office of Research and Development to obtain additional
research focusing on the Agency's highest priority economics and decision science research
needs.
The Agency's Forensic Support program provides specialized scientific and technical
support for the nation's most complex civil and criminal enforcement cases, and provides
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
technical expertise for non-routine Agency compliance efforts. In FY 2006, efforts to stay at the
forefront of environmental enforcement will include the refinement of successful multi-media
inspection approaches; use of customized laboratory methods to solve unusual enforcement
case problems; applied research and development for both laboratory and field applications,
and further development of electronic data analysis methods for use investigative support
related to computers and data fraud.
The Forensics program also will continue development of emerging technologies in field
and laboratory analytical technique, and evaluate the scientific basis and/or technical
enforceability of select EPA regulations. EPA's National Enforcement Investigations Center
(NEIC) is the only accredited environmental forensics center in the nation; in FY 2006 the
Center will also continue to function under more stringent International Standards of Operation
for environmental data measurements to maintain its accreditation.
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Appendixes
-------
-------
Appendix A: Categorical Grants
Categorical Grants Program (STAG)
(Dollars in Millions)
$1,500
$1,000
$500
$0
$856
(DOOQ
J>OOJ
$1,006
$1,079
/.-u.-u.-u.-u.-u.-u.-u.-u
$1,143
$1,168
$1,252
$1,181
1999 Ena. 2001 Ena. 2003 Ena. 2005 Pres.
2000 Ena. 2002 Ena. 2004 Ena. 2006 Pres.
In FY 2006, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,181 million for 23 "categorical"
program grants for state and tribal governments. EPA will continue to pursue its strategy of
building and supporting state, local and tribal capacity to implement, operate, and enforce the
Nation's environmental laws. Most environmental laws envision establishment of a
decentralized nationwide structure to protect public health and the environment. In this way,
environmental goals will ultimately be achieved through the actions, programs, and
commitments of state, Tribal and local governments, organizations and citizens.
In FY 2006, EPA will continue to offer flexibility to state and tribal governments to
manage their environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial assistance to
achieve mutual environmental goals. First, EPA and its state and tribal partners will continue
implementing the National Environmental Performance Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS
is designed to allow states more flexibility to operate their programs, while increasing emphasis
on measuring and reporting environmental improvements. Second, Performance Partnership
Grants (PPGs) will continue to allow states and tribes funding flexibility to combine categorical
program grants to address environmental priorities.
HIGHLIGHTS:
State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality
Management Grants
The FY 2006 request includes $242.8 million for Air State and Local Assistance grants to
support state, local, and tribal air programs as well as radon programs. State and Local Air
Quality Management grant funding is requested in the amount of
$223.6 million. These funds provide resources to state and local air pollution control agencies
A-1
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Appendix A: Categorical Grants
for the development and implementation of programs for the prevention and control of air
pollution or for the implementation of national primary and secondary ambient air standards.
They can also be used to support the coordination and acceleration of research, investigations,
experiments, demonstrations, surveys and studies relating to the causes, effects (including
health and welfare effects), extent, prevention and control of air pollution. Tribal Air Quality
Management grants, requested in the amount of $11.0 million, provide funds to Tribes to
develop and implement air pollution prevention and control programs, or to implement national
primary and secondary ambient air standards. Lastly, this request includes $8.2 million for
Radon grants, to provide funding for state radon programs. The President's Budget includes
appropriations language for 2006 that would reduce the state match requirement for the radon
grants from 50 percent to 40 percent. This will improve effectiveness of these grants by
increasing States' ability to obligate funds to conduct radon testing and mitigation programs.
Pesticide Enforcement, Toxics Substance Compliance, & Sector Program Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $26.3 million to build environmental
partnerships with States and Tribes and to strengthen their ability to address environmental and
public health threats. The enforcement state grants request consists of $18.9 million for
Pesticides Enforcement, $5.15 million for Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants, and $2.25
million for Sector Grants. State and Tribal enforcement grants will be awarded to assist in the
implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants
support state and tribal compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful chemicals
and pesticides.
Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, EPA provides resources to States
and Indian Tribes to conduct FIFRA compliance inspections and take appropriate enforcement
actions and implement programs for farm worker protection. Under the Toxic Substances
Compliance Grant program, states receive funding for compliance inspections of asbestos and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and for implementation of the state lead abatement
enforcement program. The funds will complement other Federal program grants for building
state capacity for lead abatement, and enhancing compliance with disclosure, certification and
training requirements.
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants
The President's FY 2006 Budget includes $13.1 million for Pesticides Program
Implementation grants. These resources will assist States and Tribes in implementing the safer
use of pesticides, including: worker protection; certification and training of pesticide applicators;
protection of endangered species; tribal pesticide programs; integrated pest management and
environmental stewardship; and protection of water from pesticide contamination.
Lead Grants
The President's FY 2006 Budget includes $13.7 million for Lead grants. This funding will
support the development of authorized programs in both States and Tribes to prevent lead
poisoning through the training of workers who remove lead-based paint, the accreditation of
training programs, the certification of contractors, and renovation education programs. Another
activity that this funding will support is the collection of lead data to determine the nature and
extent of the lead problem within an area.
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Appendix A: Categorical Grants
Pollution Prevention Grants
The FY 2005 request includes $6.0 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The grant
program provides technical assistance towards the achievement of reduced pollution through
source reduction.
Environmental Information Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $20.0 million to continue the Environmental
Information Exchange Network (Exchange Network) grant program. Started in 2002, the
Exchange Network grant program provides States, territories, Tribes, and Tribal Consortia
assistance to develop the information management and technology (IM/IT) capabilities they
need to participate in the Exchange Network. The Exchange Network is an Internet and
standards-based information systems network that allows the EPA and its partners to exchange
a variety of environmental data electronically. Implementation and continued use of the
Exchange Network improves environmental decision making, increases environmental data
quality and accuracy, and reduces burden on those who provide and those who access
information.
Underground Storage Tanks (UST) Grants
The President's FY 2006 Budget includes $11.95 million for Underground Storage Tank
grants. States and Tribes will use these resources to ensure that UST owners and operators
routinely and correctly monitor all regulated tanks and piping in accordance with regulations,
and also to develop programs with sufficient authority and enforcement capabilities to operate in
lieu of the Federal program.
Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants
In FY 2005, the President's Budget includes $104.4 million for Hazardous Waste
Financial Assistance grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for the
implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste
program, which includes permitting, authorization, waste minimization, enforcement, and
corrective action activities.
Brownfields Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $60.0 million, to continue the Brownfields
grant program that provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state
and Tribal response programs. This funding will help States and Tribes develop legislation,
regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish or enhance the administrative and legal
structure of their response programs. In addition, grant funding will help to capitalize Revolving
Loan Funds for Brownfields cleanup, purchase environmental insurance, and conduct site-
specific related activities such as assessments at Brownfields sites.
Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $231.9 million for Water Pollution Control
grants, an increase of $9.5 million over 2005. This increase in funds will be used to bolster
A-3
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Appendix A: Categorical Grants
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting efforts, enhance water
quality monitoring activities and will lead to improved water quality standards.
Wetlands Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $20.0 million for Wetlands Program Grants.
These grant resources will be used to assist States and Tribes in protecting wetlands and
waters not covered by the Clean Water Act.
Public Water System Supervision Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $100.6 million for Public Water System
Supervision (PWSS) grants. These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water
resources and to protect public health.
Indian General Assistance Program Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $57.5 million for the Indian General
Assistance Program (GAP) to help Federally recognized tribes and inter-tribal consortia
develop, implement and assume environmental programs.
Homeland Security Grants
In FY 2006, the President's Budget includes $5.0 million for homeland security grants to
support states' efforts to work with drinking water and wastewater systems to develop and
enhance emergency operations plans; conduct training in the implementation of remedial plans
in small systems; and, develop detection, monitoring and treatment technology to enhance
drinking water and wastewater security.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants
The FY 2006 President's Budget includes $11.0 million for the Underground Injection
Control grants program. Ensuring safe underground injection of waste materials is a fundamental
component of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are provided to States
that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and maintain UIC programs.
Targeted Watershed Grants
The President's FY 2006 Budget funds Targeted Watershed grants at $15 million. The
program supports competitive grants to watershed stakeholders ready to undertake immediate
action to improve water quality, and to improve watershed protection measures with tools,
training and technical assistance. Special emphasis will be given to projects that promote water
quality trading opportunities to more efficiently achieve water quality benefits through market-
based approaches.
Sfafe and Tribal Performance Fund
The President's FY 2006 Budget includes a $23 million competitive performance based
state and tribal grants program. Awardees will be selected that have solid program plans and
can show the ability to achieve and measure real results, improvements in the environment
and/or public health. These grants will stimulate the development of environmental protection
A-4
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Appendix A: Categorical Grants
projects that focus on results, not just process. It will also focus on the setting of performance
goals, and the collection and evaluation of performance data that justify the costs. These
projects will serve as results-based environmental protection models for replication across the
nation.
Elimination of Tribal Cap on Non-Point Sources
In 2006, the President's Budget eliminates the statutory one-third-of-one-percent cap on
Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants that may be awarded to Tribes.
Tribes applying for and receiving Section 319 grants have steadily increased from two in 1991
to over 70 in 2001. This proposal recognizes the increasing demand for resources to address
tribal nonpoint source program needs.
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Appendix A: Categorical Grants
CATEGORIAL PROGRAM
GRANTS (STAG)
by National Program and State Grant
(Dollars in Thousands)
Grant
Air& Radiation
State and Local Assistance
Tribal Assistance
Radon
Water Quality
Pollution Control (Section 106)
Beaches Protection
Nonpoint Source (Section 319)
Wetlands Program Development
Water Quality Cooperative Agrmts
Targeted Watersheds
Wastewater Operator Training Grants
Drinking Water
Public Water System Supervision
(PWSS)
Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Homeland Security
Hazardous Waste
H.W. Financial Assistance
Brownfields
Underground Storage Tanks
Pesticides & Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation
Lead
Toxic Substances Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement
Multimedia
Environmental Information
Pollution Prevention
Sector Program
Indian General Assistance Program
State and Tribal Performance Fund
TOTALS
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$228,550
$11,050
$8,150
$247,750
$222,400
$10,000
$209,100
$20,000
$20,500
$25,000
$1,500
$508,500
$105,100
$11,000
$5,000
$121,100
$106,400
$60,000
$37,950
$204,350
$13,100
$13,700
$5,150
$19,900
$51,850
$25,000
$6,000
$2,250
$62,500
$23,000
$118,750
$1,252,300
FY 2006
President's
Budget
$223,550
$11,050
$8,150
$242,750
$231,900
$10,000
$209,100
$20,000
$0
$15,000
$0
$486,000
$100,600
$11,000
$5,000
$116,600
$104,400
$60,000
$11,950
$176,350
$13,100
$13,700
$5,150
$18,900
$50,850
$20,000
$6,000
$2,250
$57,500
$23,000
$108,750
$1,181,300
Difference
-$5,000
$0
$0
-$5,000
$9,500
$0
$0
$0
-$20,500
-$10,000
-$1,500
-$22,500
-$4,500
$0
$0
-$4,500
-$2,000
$0
-$26,000
-$28,000
$0
$0
$0
-$1,000
-$1,000
-$5,000
$0
$0
-$5,000
$0
-$10,000
-$71,000
A-6
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Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing
(Dollars in Millions)
FY 2005
President's
Budget
FY 2006
President's
Budget
Infrastructure Financing
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF)
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF)
$850.0
$850.0
$730.0
$850.0
STAG Projects
Brownfields Environmental Projects
Clean School Bus Initiative
Mexico Border Projects
Alaska Native Villages
Targeted Projects - Puerto Rico
Total
$120.5
$65.0
$50.0
$40.0
$4.0
$1,979.5
$120.5
$10.0
$50.0
$15.0
$4.0
$1,779.5
Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds
The President's Budget includes a total of $1,779.5 million in 2006 for EPA's
Infrastructure programs. Of the total infrastructure request, $1,599 million will support EPA's
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water, $180.5 million will support EPA's Goal 4: Healthy Communities
and Ecosystems.
Infrastructure funding under the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
appropriation provides financial assistance to states, municipalities and Tribal governments to
fund a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air and Brownfields environmental projects. These
funds are essential to fulfill the Federal government's commitment to help our state, Tribal and
local partners obtain adequate funding to construct the facilities required to comply with Federal
environmental requirements and ensure public health and revitalize contaminated properties.
Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA works in
partnership with the states to provide low-cost loans to municipalities for infrastructure
construction. As set-asides of the SRF programs, grants are available to Indian Tribes and
Alaska Native Villages for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs based on national
priority lists. The Brownfields Environmental Program provides states, tribes, political
subdivisions (including cities, towns, and counties) the necessary tools, information, and
B-1
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Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
strategies for promoting a unified approach to environmental assessment cleanup,
characterization, and redevelopment at sites contaminated with hazardous wastes and
petroleum contaminants.
The resources included in this budget will enable the Agency, in conjunction with EPA's
state, local, and Tribal partners, to achieve several important goals for 2006. Some of these
goals include:
- 94 percent of the population served by community water systems will receive drinking
water meeting all health-based standards with compliance dates of December 2001 or
earlier.
- Award 126 assessment grants under the Brownfields program, bringing the cumulative
total grants awarded to 956 by the end of FY 2006 paving the way for productive reuse
of these properties. This will bring the total number of sites assessed to 8,000 while
leveraging a total of $8.4 billion in cleanup and redevelopment funds since 1995.
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Clean School Bus USA Initiative
In FY 2006, EPA will provide $10 million for grants to governmental entities for diesel
school bus retrofit and replacement projects. Diesel school buses are a source of emissions
that may cause health risks in children. EPA began the Clean School Bus USA pilot program in
April 2003 to provide schools and school districts cost-share grants to reduce diesel emissions
from school buses. More than 24 million children that ride buses to school are at risk of
exposure to high levels of diesel exhaust. By retrofitting buses with modern emission control
technology, using cleaner fuels and replacing older school buses, we have the potential percent
to significantly reduce diesel school bus particulate matter, helping to put tomorrow's cleaner
buses on the road today.
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds
The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a
true partnership between states, localities and the Federal government. These programs
provide Federal financial assistance to states, localities, and Tribal governments to protect the
nation's water resources by providing funds for the construction of drinking water and
wastewater treatment facilities. The state revolving funds are two important elements of the
nation's substantial investment in sewage treatment and drinking water systems which provides
Americans with significant benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe drinking
water.
EPA will continue to capitalize the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF).
Through this program, the Federal government provides financial assistance for wastewater and
other water projects, including nonpoint source, estuary, storm water, and sewer overflow
B-2
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Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
projects. Water infrastructure projects contribute to direct ecosystem improvements by lowering
the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all types of surface waters.
The President's Budget includes $730 million in funding for the CWSRF. More than $22
billion has already been provided to capitalize the CWSRF, well over twice the original Clean
Water Act authorized level of $8.4 billion. Total CWSRF funding available for loans since 1987,
reflecting loan repayments, state match dollars, and other funding sources, is approximately $52
billion, of which more than $48 billion has been provided to communities as financial assistance.
The dramatic progress made in improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the
1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 84 million people were served by secondary or
advanced wastewater treatment facilities. Today, 99 percent of community wastewater
treatment plants, serving 181 million people, use secondary treatment or better.
The DWSRF will be self-sustaining in the long run and will help offset the costs of
ensuring safe drinking water supplies and assisting small communities in meeting their
responsibilities. As noted in the May 2003 Report to Congress, since its inception in 1997, the
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program has made available $7.9 billion to
finance 3,654 infrastructure improvement projects nationwide, with a return of $1.67 for every $1
of federal funds invested.
State Flexibility between SRFs: The Agency requests continuation of authority
provided in the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments which allows states
to transfer an amount equal to 33 percent of their DWSRF grants to their CWSRF
programs, or an equivalent amount from their CWSRF program to their DWSRF
program. The transfer provision gives states flexibility to address the most critical
demands in either program at a given time. The statutory transfer provision expired
September 30, 2002.
Set-Asides for Tribes: To improve public health and water quality in Indian Country,
the Agency will continue the 1 1/2% set-aside of the CWSRF for wastewater grants to
tribes as provided in the Agency's 2002 appropriation. More than 70,000 homes in
Indian country have inadequate or nonexistent wastewater treatment. EPA and the
Indian Health Service estimate that Tribal wastewater infrastructure needs exceed
$650.0 million.
Alaska Native Villages
The President's Budget includes $15.0 million for Alaska native villages for the
construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation problems.
EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human Services' Indian Health
Service, the State of Alaska, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical
assistance.
B-3
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Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
Puerto Rico
The President's Budget includes $4.0 million for the next design phase of upgrades to
Metropolitano's Sergio Cuevas treatment plant in San Juan, Puerto Rico. When all upgrades are
complete, EPA estimates that about 1.4 million people will enjoy safer, cleaner drinking water.
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Brownfields Environmental Projects
The President's Budget includes a total of $120.5 million for brownfields environmental
projects. EPA will award grants for assessment activities, cleanup, and revolving loan funds
(RLF). Additionally, this includes cleanup of sites contaminated by petroleum or petroleum
products and environmental job training grants.
Mexico Border
The President's Budget includes a total of $50.0 million for water infrastructure projects
along the U.S./Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and human
health risks along the U.S./Mexico Border. The communities along both sides of the Border are
facing unusual human health and environmental threats because of the lack of adequate
wastewater and drinking water facilities. EPA's U.S./Mexico Border program provides funds to
support the planning, design and construction of high priority water and wastewater treatment
projects along the U.S./Mexico Border. The Agency's goal is to provide protection of people in
the U.S.-Mexico border area for health risks by increasing the number of homes connected to
potable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems by 25 percent by 2012.
B-4
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Appendix C: Trust Funds
Trust Funds
(Dollars in Millions)
Superfund
Response
Enforcement2
Management & Support
Other Federal Agencies
Transfers
Inspector General
Research & Development
Superfund Total
Base Realignment and Closure
LUST
Trust Funds Total:
FY 20051
President's Budget
$
$999
$174
$149
$11
$13
$36
$1,381
$73
$1,454
FTE
1,520
1,119
490
0
94
130
3,353
78
79
3,510
FY 20061
President's Budget
$
$890
$182
$154
$10
$14
$31
$1,279
$0
$73
$1,352
FTE
1,537
1,116
479
0
94
106
3,332
75
77
3,484
Totals may not add due to rounding.
2 Includes $27 million for the Department of Justice in FY2006.
Superfund
In FY 2006, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,279 million in discretionary
budget authority and 3,332 workyears for Superfund. Currently, more than 94 percent of the
1,529 sites on the Superfund final National Priorities List (NPL) are either undergoing cleanup
construction or are completed.
Of the total funding requested for Superfund Response, $599 million and 948 workyears
are for Superfund cleanups. The Agency's Superfund cleanup program addresses public health
and environmental threats from uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances. The Agency
expects to demonstrate significant progress in reducing risk to human health and the
environment and increasing the number of construction completions at sites on the NPL. In FY
2006, EPA and its partners anticipate completing 40 Superfund cleanups at NPL sites to
achieve the overall goal of 1,006 total construction completions by the end of 2006.
C-1
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Appendix C: Trust Funds
Of the total funding requested, $182 million and 1,116 workyears are for the Superfund
Enforcement program. One of the Superfund program's primary goals is to have responsible
parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The
program focuses on maximizing all aspects of Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) participation,
including having PRPs initiate work at 70% of the new construction starts at non-Federal Facility
Superfund sites. EPA emphasizes fairness in the settlement process.
The Agency has also been encouraging the establishment and use of Special Accounts.
These accounts provide EPA with the ability to more efficiently clean up sites using funds
provided by responsible parties. These funds can be provided to PRPs as an incentive to
perform clean up work they might not be willing to perform, or used by the Agency to fund clean
up. The result is the Agency can clean up more sites, and allows the Agency to preserve
appropriated Trust Fund dollars for other sites. Where PRP negotiations and previous
enforcement actions fail, EPA uses its appropriation to clean up sites and then seeks to recover
these costs from the PRPs.
The remaining portion of the Superfund FY 2006 President's Budget is comprised of:
Management and Support: The President's Budget requests $154 million and 479
workyears for management and support activities. These resources support Agency-
wide resource management and control functions including: essential infrastructure,
contract administration, financial accounting and other fiscal operations.
Funds for Other Federal Agencies: Included in the Superfund request is $10
million for Federal agency partners. The Agency works with several Federal agencies to
perform essential services in areas where the Agency does not possess the specialized
expertise. Contributors include the United States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of the Interior, the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Research and Development: The President's Budget also requests $31 million and
106 workyears to be transferred to Research and Development for innovative cleanup
technology testing.
Inspector General: The President's Budget also requests $14 million and 94
workyears to be transferred to the Inspector General for program auditing.
The Superfund research program is driven by program office needs to reduce the cost of
cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of characterizing and remediating sites, and
reduce the scientific uncertainties for improved decision-making at Superfund sites.
Base Realignment and Closure Act
The FY 2006 President's Budget requests 78 reimbursable workyears to conduct the
Base Realignment and Closure Act (BRAC) program. Since 1993, EPA has worked with the
Department of Defense (DOD) and the states' environmental programs to make property
environmentally acceptable for transfer, while protecting human health and the environment at
realigning or closing military installations. Between 1988 and 1995, 497 major military
installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense Logistics Agency were slated
C-2
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Appendix C: Trust Funds
for realignment or closure. Of these, 107 installations have been designated as Fast-Track
sites. The Fast-Track program strives to make parcels available for reuse as quickly as
possible, by transfer of uncontaminated or remedial parcels, lease of contaminated parcels
where cleanup is underway, or "early transfer" of contaminated property undergoing cleanup. In
addition to EPA's responsibilities for the previous four rounds of BRAC, new responsibilities are
anticipated as part of BRAC 2005.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
The FY 2006 President's Budget requests $73 million and 77 workyears for the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. Approximately 84 percent of this will be used for
state cooperative agreements and support for tribal cleanup. One of the Agency's highest
priorities in the LUST program over the next several years is to address approximately 130,000
cleanups that have yet to be completed (as of September 2004), and to address LUST sites that
are difficult to remediate because they are contaminated by methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)
and other oxygenates. In FY 2006 the Agency will continue efforts to complete cleanups under
the supervision of EPA and its state, local and tribal partners.
C-3
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-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables
Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Environmental Programs & Management
Science & Technology
Buildings and Facilities
Oil Spill Response
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Superfund Program
Research Transfer
IG Transfer
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Total Budget Authority
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$2,316,958
$689,186
$42,917
$16,425
$37,997
$1,381,416
$1,332,134
$36,144
$13,139
$3,231,800
$72,545
$7,789,244
FY 2006
President's
Budget
$2,403,763
$760,641
$40,218
$15,863
$36,955
$1,279,333
$1,235,192
$30,605
$13,536
$2,960,800
$73,027
$7,570,600
Note: Totals do not include offsetting receipts totaling -$30 million in FY 2005 and
-$50 million in FY2006.
D-l
-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables
Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Agency Resources by Goal
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2005 FY 2006
President's President's
Goal Budget Budget Difference
1-Clean Air and Global Climate Change $1,011,026 $968,883 -$42,143
2 - Clean and Safe Water $2,944,876 $2,813,028 -131,848
3 - Land Preservation and Restoration $1,805,991 $1,691,463 -$114,528
4 - Healthy Communities and Ecosystems $1,292,008 $1,336,248 $44,240
5 - Compliance and Environmental
Stewardship $735,343 $760,978 $25,635
Total $7,789,244 $7,570,600 -$218,644
Note: Totals do not include offsetting receipts totaling -$30 million in FY 2005 and
-$50 million in FY2006.
D-2
-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables
Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Agency Workforce by Goal
(Workyears)
Goal
1 -
2-
3-
4-
5-
Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Clean and Safe Water
Land Preservation and Restoration
Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
FY 2005 FY 2006
President's President's
Budget Budget Difference
2,760
3,089
4,764
3,845
3,447
2,658
2,917
4,752
3,835
3,469
-102
-172
-12
-10
-78
Total
17,904
17,631
-273
FY 2005 President's Budget is the workforce ceiling. In FY 2006, the ceiling was
reduced to more closely reflect historical trends in FTE usage.
D-3
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Appendix D: Budget Tables
Resources by Program / Project
(Dollars in Thousands)
Program / Project
FY 2005
President's
Budget
FY 2006
President's
Budget
Acquisition Management
Administrative Law
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Beach / Fish Programs
Brownfields
Brownfields Projects
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
(PWSS)
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
Brownfields
Environmental Information
Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance
Homeland Security
Lead
Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Pesticides Enforcement
Pesticides Program Implementation
Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Pollution Prevention
Public Water System Supervision
Radon
Sector Program
State and Local Air Quality Management
State and Tribal Performance Fund
Categorical Grant: Targeted Watersheds
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program
Underground Injection Control (DIG)
Underground Storage Tanks
Categorical Grant: Wastewater Operator Training
Categorical Grant: Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Children & Other Sensitive Populations: Agency
Coordination
Civil Enforcement
Civil Rights / Title VI Compliance
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs
Categorical Grant:
Categorical Grant:
$43,660
$4,929
$1,890
$51,136
$3,238
$28,002
$120,500
$10,000
$60,000
$25,000
$106,400
$5,000
$13,700
$209,100
$19,900
$13,100
$222,400
$6,000
$105,100
$8,150
$2,250
$228,550
$23,000
$25,000
$5,150
$11,050
$62,500
$11,000
$37,950
$1,500
$20,500
$20,000
$86,383
$6,801
$115,695
$12,414
$26,849
$43,769
$5,109
$2,036
$50,491
$3,264
$29,638
$120,500
$10,000
$60,000
$20,000
$104,400
$5,000
$13,700
$209,100
$18,900
$13,100
$231,900
$6,000
$100,600
$8,150
$2,250
$223,550
$23,000
$15,000
$5,150
$11,050
$57,500
$11,000
$11,950
$0
$0
$20,000
$96,171
$6,890
$120,135
$12,530
$27,587
D-4
-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables
Resources by Program / Project
(Dollars in Thousands)
Program / Project
Clean School Bus Initiative
Climate Protection Program
Commission for Environmental Cooperation
Compliance Assistance and Centers
Compliance Incentives
Compliance Monitoring
Congressional, Intergovernmental, External Relations
Criminal Enforcement
Drinking Water Programs
Endocrine Disrupters
Enforcement Training
Environment and Trade
Environmental Justice
Exchange Network
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Federal Stationary Source Regulations
Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Federal Support for Air Toxics Program
Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management
Forensics Support
Chesapeake Bay
Great Lakes
Gulf of Mexico
Lake Champlain
Long Island Sound
Other
Great Lakes Legacy Act
Homeland Security: Communication and Information
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, & Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel &
Infrastructure
Human Health Risk Assessment
Human Resources Management
Indoor Air: Radon Program
Information Security
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Geographic Program:
Geographic Program:
Geographic Program:
Geographic Program:
Geographic Program:
Geographic Program:
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$65,000
$109,420
$3,949
$29,463
$9,610
$85,179
$48,350
$41,896
$100,948
$9,037
$4,058
$1,723
$5,031
$27,762
$439,298
$24,302
$103,332
$27,764
$64,467
$23,262
$16,911
$20,817
$21,195
$4,478
$955
$477
$6,790
$45,000
$4,320
$11,209
$56,399
$20,544
$36,832
$48,553
$6,066
$4,697
$40,000
$850,000
$850,000
FY 20066
President's
Budget
$10,000
$113,262
$4,210
$30,180
$9,790
$94,569
$49,914
$46,831
$104,158
$9,097
$3,113
$1,787
$4,825
$24,416
$469,594
$23,509
$120,907
$27,696
$66,568
$22,495
$17,577
$20,746
$21,519
$4,468
$955
$477
$13,186
$50,000
$6,980
$55,568
$96,429
$20,603
$40,262
$43,664
$6,360
$4,297
$15,000
$730,000
$850,000
D-5
-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables
Resources by Program / Project
(Dollars in Thousands)
Program / Project
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Infrastructure Assistance: Puerto Rico
International Capacity Building
IT / Data Management
Legal Advice: Environmental Program
Legal Advice: Support Program
LUST/UST
LUST Cooperative Agreements
Marine Pollution
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways
NEPA Implementation
Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and Response
Pesticides: Field Programs
Pesticides: Registration of New Pesticides
Pesticides: Review / Reregistration of Existing Pesticides
Pollution Prevention Program
POPs Implementation
Radiation: Protection
Radiation: Response Preparedness
RCRA: Corrective Action
RCRA: Waste Management
RCRA: Waste Minimization & Recycling
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Regional Geographic Initiatives
Regional Science and Technology
Regulatory Innovation
Regulatory/Economic-Management and Analysis
Research: Air Toxics
Research: Computational Toxicology
Research: Drinking Water
Research: Economics and Decision Science(EDS)
Research: Endocrine Disrupter
Research: Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)
Research: Fellowships
Research: Global Change
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Research: Land Protection and Restoration
Research: Pesticides and Toxics
Research: NAAQS
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$50,000
$4,000
$7,174
$130,020
$35,523
$12,522
$17,594
$58,450
$12,296
$19,229
$12,654
$13,065
$27,186
$45,310
$60,471
$22,496
$2,235
$16,982
$4,850
$40,976
$67,422
$14,302
$26,151
$8,800
$3,626
$24,392
$16,152
$17,639
$13,029
$46,118
$2,476
$8,044
$2,997
$8,262
$20,690
$177,408
$33,059
$29,018
$68,592
FY 20066
President's
Budget
$50,000
$4,000
$6,450
$126,574
$37,150
$13,088
$18,303
$58,677
$12,279
$19,446
$12,440
$12,344
$24,683
$43,962
$60,497
$19,990
$2,806
$16,273
$6,212
$42,710
$68,728
$14,376
$24,328
$8,862
$3,643
$25,021
$16,713
$16,387
$13,832
$45,690
$2,645
$8,705
$3,203
$8,327
$20,534
$169,632
$38,347
$29,753
$71,452
D-6
-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables
Resources by Program / Project
(Dollars in Thousands)
Program / Project
Research: SITE Program
Research: Sustainability
Research: Water Quality
Science Advisory Board
Science Policy and Biotechnology
Small Business Ombudsman
Small Minority Business Assistance
State and Local Prevention and Preparedness
Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs
Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund
Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal
Superfund: Enforcement
Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness
Superfund: Federal Facilities
Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement
Superfund: Remedial
Superfund: Support to Other Federal Agencies
Surface Water Protection
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Management
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Review and Reduction
Toxic Substances: Lead Risk Reduction Program
TRI / Right to Know
Tribal - Capacity Building
US Mexico Border
Wetlands
TOTAL
FY 2005
President's
Budget
$6,928
$31,585
$46,810
$4,757
$1,707
$3,839
$2,282
$12,135
$5,840
$13,500
$201,088
$155,810
$10,091
$32,182
$10,044
$725,484
$10,676
$191,797
$9,514
$45,879
$11,083
$15,941
$10,642
$5,785
$19,753
$7,789,244
FY 2006
President's
Budget
$1,485
$23,188
$55,900
$4,881
$1,751
$3,911
$2,348
$12,328
$3,969
$13,500
$198,000
$164,258
$10,507
$31,611
$10,241
$599,396
$9,754
$194,802
$9,058
$44,523
$10,549
$14,754
$11,049
$5,975
$20,375
$7,570,600
D-7
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Appendix E Acronyms
Environmental Protection Agency
List of Acronyms
AA Assistant Administrator
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
ARA Assistant Regional Administrator
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
B&F Buildings and Facilities
CAA Clean Air Act
CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
CAIR Clean Air Allowance Trading Program
CARE Community Action for a Renewed Environment
CAP Clean Air Partnership Fund
CBEP Community-Based Environmental Protection
CCAP Climate Change Action Plan
CCTI Climate Change Technology Initiative
CEIS Center for Environmental Information and Statistics
CFO Chief Financial Officer
CSI Common Sense Initiative
CSO Combined Sewer Overflows
CWA Clean Water Act
CWAP Clean Water Action Plan
DBP Disinfectant By Products
DfE Design for the Environment
DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting System
EDP Environmental Leadership Project
EJ Environmental Justice
EPCRA Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act
EPM Environmental Programs and Management
ERRS Emergency Rapid Response Services
ESC Executive Steering Committee
ETI Environmental Technology Initiative
ETV Environmental Technology Verification
FAN Fixed Account Numbers
FCO Funds Certifying Officer
FASAB Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
FMFIA Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
FQPA Food Quality Protection Act
GAPG General Assistance Program Grants
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GPRA Government Performance and Results Act
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
HPV High Production Volume
HWIR Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules
IAG I nteragency Agreements
ICR Information Collection Rule
IFMS Integrated Financial Management System
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
E-1
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Appendix E Acronyms
Environmental Protection Agency
List of Acronyms
IRM Information Resource Management
ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
ITMRA Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA Clinger/Cohen Act
LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology
MUR Monthly Utilization Report
NAAQs National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAPA National Academy of Public Administration
NAS National Academy of Science
NDPD National Data Processing Division
NEP National Estuary Program
NEPPS National Environmental Performance Partnership System
NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NOA New Obligation Authority
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPL National Priority List
NPM National Program Manager
NPR National Performance Review
NPS Non-Point Source
OAM Office of Acquisition Management
OA Office of the Administrator
OAR Office of Air and Radiation
OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management
OCFO Office of the Chief Financial Officer
OCHP Office of Children's Health Protection
OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
OEI Office of Environmental Information
OERR Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
OFA Other Federal Agencies
OFPP Office of Federal Procurement Policy
OGC Office of the General Counsel
OIA Office of International Activities
OIG Office of the Inspector General
OMTR Open market trading rule
OPAA Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability
OPPE Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
OPPTS Office of Pesticides, Prevention and Toxic Substances
ORD Office of Research and Development
OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
OTAG Ozone Transport Advisory Group
OW Office of Water
PBTs Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics
PC&B Personnel, Compensation and Benefits
PM Particulate Matter
PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
E-2
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Appendix E Acronyms
Environmental Protection Agency
List of Acronyms
POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works
PPG Performance Partnership Grants
PRC Program Results Code
PWSS Public Water System Supervision
RC Responsibility Center
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
RGI Regional Geographic Initiative
RMP Risk Management Plan
RPIO Responsible Planning Implementation Office
RR Reprogramming Request
RWTA Rural Water Technical Assistance
S&T Science and Technology
SALC Sub-allocation (level)
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizations Act of 1986
SBO Senior Budget Officer
SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System
SITE Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
SLC Senior Leadership Council
SRF State Revolving Fund
SRO Senior Resource Official
STAG State and Tribal Assistance Grants
STORS Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor
SWP Source Water Protection
SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule
TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load
TRI Toxic Release Inventory
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
UIC Underground Injection Control
LIST Underground Storage Tanks
WCF Working Capital Fund
WIF Water Infrastructure Funds
WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Project
E-3
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