-------
            V ic,"
©   oEPA
Why Learn About MySQL?
  Custom inputs
   - MOVES has importers for most common types of inputs, but
    some MySQL expertise would be helpful for using specialized
    inputs
  Working with output
   - While MOVES can produce summary reports from the GUI,
    MySQL can be used to produce customized output

-------
                         ©  vvEPA
MySQL
  Relational Database Management System
  (RDBMS)
  What is a "relational database"?

-------
                                   vvEPA
Relational Databases 101
  A relational database provides a way of storing,
  querying, and manipulating large amounts of data
  A database contains multiple tables, in which data
  are stored.  Each table contains records (rows) and
  fields (columns)
  These tables relate to each other based on values
  in a particular column

-------
                              ©  oEPA
Relational Databases 101
  Example:  Excel spreadsheet
  - Each spreadsheet is like a database
  - Each "worksheet" within the spreadsheet is like a table
  - However, the rules for database tables are more rigorous

-------
                                  vvEPA
Relational Database Rules
  Each table is a set of columns and rows that
  describe multiple instances of something
  Each field (column) must contain a unique type of
  data in a specific format
  Each row represents one unique record (tables
  cannot contain duplicate records)

-------
                               oEPA
Relational Database Rules
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^_

  Each table must contain at least one field with
  completely unique values to identify a record (row),
  and so that this record can be related to data in
  other tables (a key)
  - Keys are usually numeric for flexibility and speed.
  NULL values are allowed when data are not known
  or not relevant. Zeros are not the same as NULL.
  - Keys cannot be NULL
                                                    7

-------
MOVES Databases
  The MOVES default database has over 100 different
  tables that store
   - Lookup/reference information
   - Conversion/adjustment factors
   - Emissions data
   - Activity data
  MOVES also uses databases to store user inputs,
  intermediate results and final output
                                                             8

-------
                                    ©  vvEPA
       Entity-Relationship Diagrams
The symbols on the connecting lines indicate the type of relationship. The
top fields (above the line) in the boxes are the key fields used in joining
tables.

-------
                                ©   oEPA
Types of Relationships
  One to one
   -  Example: for each month there is only one month code, and
     for each month code there is only one month
  One to many
   -  Example: one model year car can be sold in any of 12
     months, but during any given month only one model year car is
     being sold
  Many to many
   -  Example: any vehicle type can be of any age (any of the 30
     age bins)
                                              10
                                                              10

-------
                              ©   oEPA

Structured Query Language
(SQL)
 ^^m
  SQL is the language used to work with modern
  relational databases
   - It provides the programming syntax (language) to
    communicate with (query) the database and its tables
  Like English, an SQL statement is made up of
  subjects, verbs, and predicates
   - "SELECT * FROM state WHERE stateid = 32" means "Show
    me all the data from the "state" table where the state code in
    the table is 32."
                                           11
                                                          11

-------
                             Q  vvEPA
MOVES and MySQL
  Draft MOVES2009 uses only MySQL version 5.0.27
  - Newer or older versions will not work.
  Support for MySQL is available in the help files, the
  reference manual (C:\MySQL\docs\manual.chm),
  and the MySQL web site (http://www.mvsql.com)
  Entity/relationship diagrams for the MOVES default
  database are located at C:\MySQL\data\(MOVES
  default database folder)\readme
                                         12
                                                        12

-------
     IT*
©   oEPA
MOVES and MySQL
  Do you need expertise in relational databases and
  MYSQL?
   - Not needed for simple runs
   - Some basic knowledge gives users flexibility to customize
    outputs and view input databases
   - In-house expert would be helpful for more advanced analysis
  MySQL training is available from various
  commercial vendors.
                                            13
                                                           13

-------
                                   vvEPA
MySQL Query Browser
  Provided with the MOVES installation package.
  Windows tool for viewing databases, executing
  queries, and editing tables.
  Resultsets can be exported as csv or Excel files.
  Built-in Help files.
  Records query history, so you can repeat queries
  without retyping them.
  Tables can be edited directly, rather than using
  MySQL commands.
  - Table must have a key to be edited directly
                                          14
                                                         14

-------

MySQL Query Browser
File Edit View Query Script Tools Window Help
SELECT ' FROH i i [ -- II in
U3 bacl Refresh
O Resultset 1
| ? a^gapeedBL j avgBinSpeed j avg^peedPinDe-c |
1 2 5 speed < 2 5mph
3 10 5mph < speed < 2.5mph
4 15. 5mph - speed 1 7. 5mph
5 20 .Srnph -speed 22.5rnph
6 25 .5mph = speed 27.5mph
7 30 .5mph = speed 32 5mph
8 35 .5mph = speed 37.5mph
9 40 5mph = speed 42.5mph
0 45 .5mph = speed 47.5mph
1 50 .5mph -speed 52.5mph
2 55 ,5mph -speed 57 5mph
^ 3 60 .5mph -speed GZSmph
4 65 .Sfflph = speed 67.5mph
5 70 .Srnph = speed < 72.5mph
B 75 .5mph = speed

Ere ute -r
Schemata ! >

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15
The Browser can be used to display the contents of the tables in a
spreadsheet-like form.
                                                                                15

-------
t V k
                               ©   oEPA

Exploring MOVES Databases with
Query Browser
 ^^^^^^^^m
  We'll demonstrate some simple MySQL commands
  in Query Browser.
   - Commands are shown in the slide headings and screenshots.
   - Note that some screenshots show older versions of MOVES
    and/or output databases you won't have on your computer.
  To Open Query Browser:
   - Start/Programs/MySQL/MySQL Query Browser.
   - Make sure "localhost" is specified (might not be after initial
    installation) and click OK.
     • Click "ignore" on warning message about schema.
     • You can suppress this message for future use.
                                            16
                                                       16

-------
M:
w
/SQL Query Browser opening view
nth available databases (example)
File Edit View Query 5cript Tools Window Help
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17
17

-------
 Double-clicking on the MOVES
default database opens up tables
    File Edit View Query Script Tools Window
                           id I tiluJhi. ir(drtt«_r
                           :ofd5oaktank!emperalu!e
                                 18
                                            18

-------
                    DESCRIBE state;
             (or, show columns from state;)
File Edit View Query Script Tools Window Heip
r.,< [ ibc t -it-
O Resuilsel 1
j Field Type Null
^ stateiD smaJJinr[6} NO
steleNeime chai(25) YES
staleAbbr chai(2) YES
"1 t H

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Describe command is used to show you the structure of a table.
You can also right click and edit a table, which will display it's structure as
well.
                                                                     19

-------
                     Highlighting Table + F2
              will also show the table structure.
      mr^maeuHimm

        Table Name; Javgspeedbin
:: |MOVESDBDRAFT20Cj^J
        Columns and Indices I Table Options 1 Advanced Options |
Column Name

^
w
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avgSpeedBinID
avgBinSpeed
avgSpeedBinD..
opModelDTirew...

Datatype j
j.. , SMALLINT(6j
0 FLOAT
^ CHAR (50}
x,, SMALLINT(6]
^ SMALLINT(6J
1SZL j S^ro | Flags
^ \ UNSIGNED
	 1 UNSIGNED
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\ Default Value I Comment (
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         Indices | Foreign Keys ] Column Details
" tt
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_J
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ndex Columns Is "-• >••- Dr'=«-3'n'r = r.'.i-.i
avgSpeedBinID »•
                                                               20
The F2 function key will show the structure of the table.
You can also right click and edit a table, which will display it's structure as
well.
                                                                                  20

-------
                                vvEPA
Commonly Used
Field Types in MOVES Databases
^^^^^^
 INT (± 8388608)
 SMALLINT (± 32767)
 FLOAT(M,D), (default is (10,2))
 VARCHAR (variable length string between 1 &
 255 characters)
 CHAR (fixed length string between 1 & 255
 characters)
                                      21
                                                    21

-------
                                vvEPA
"SELECT" statements in Query
Browser
  Double-clicking on table names generates a
  "SELECT *" (Select All) statement
  Can also drag and drop from the table listing into
  the results window
  You can include conditions in Select statements
  to filter data or locate individual data elements
                                       22
                                                     22

-------
SELECT * FROM state;

File Edit View Query a
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                                   23

-------
          SELECT stateName  FROM  state;
     ISStmiSSSSam

File Edit View Query Script Tools Window Help
                    me FROM stnt^
                                                 Schema! a  j
  ALABAMA
  ALASKA
  ARIZONA
  ARKANSAS
  CALIFORNIA
  COLORADO
  CONNECTICUT
  DELAWARE
  DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
  FLORIDA
  GEORGIA
  HAWAII
  IDAHO
  ILLINOIS
  INDIANA
  IOWA
  KANSAS
  KENTUCKY
  LOUISIANA
  MAINE
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                                                                                         24

-------
SELECT * FROM state where stateAbbr = "KS";
     File Edit View Query Script Tools Window Help
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      O Resullset 1
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                                                    25
                                                                    25

-------
  SELECT COUNT(stateAbbr) FROM state;
File Edit View Query Script Tools Window Help
                                 mpe,,,™,.
                                 •gpng.nco.lf.   J
                                         26
                                                       26

-------
                                ©  oEPA
Working with MOVES output
  MySQL commands can be used to sort or sum
  MOVES output by year, month, pollutant, road type,
  etc.
   - Can filter results in MySQL and export to Excel
  The Output Emissions Detail options can also be
  used to perform some output aggregation, but
  once applied, the underlying detail is not saved
   - MySQL or Excel can be used to aggregate the output after the
     MOVES run, so that the detail in the native MOVES output is
     still available if it's needed in the future
   - In some cases, you need aggregation factors (e.g., travel time
     fractions)—total emissions of a given pollutant are additive, but
     emissions rates need to be weighted
                                              27
                                                              27

-------
                          ©   vvEPA
Working with output:  examples
1) Summing emissions output across roadtypes
2) Filtering MOVES lookup output for desired
  emissions rates
                                                  28

-------
Specifying Detail in Output
Emissions Detail screen

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29
There is only 1 emission process in Indiana.mrs (running), but emission process is
selected so that it is identified in the output database rather than being NULL.
                                                                                    29

-------
MOVES output tables

                      30
                               30

-------
Emissions output table, filtered for
pollutant, roadtype, emissions


v
0 n.xn« I rt»«u
1 ;«J SELECT pollutantid, ;',;•••••*
; ™ roadtypeid, ! . ," '
; ™" emissionquant «.--
; ; FROM movesoutput; '>-,.**-


31
31

-------
Summing emissions across
road types


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sum(emissionquant) FROM
movesoutput group by
pollutantid;
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32
32

-------
MOVES summary report for the
            same run:
  Header
  Run
   1
 HOx
181246
TotalHC
 44038
  Print and Close Report
  Close Report
                                  33
                                              33

-------
                                 vvEPA
Other example scripts for summing
output
  SELECT MOVESRunID, count(*), sum(distance)
  FROM MOVESActivityOutput GROUP BY
  MOVESRunID;
  - (count(*) returns the total number of records summed)

  SELECT MOVESRunID, pollutantID, processID,
  count(*), sum(emissionQuant) FROM MOVESOutput
  GROUP BY MOVESRunID, pollutantID, processID;
                                        34
                                                      34

-------
     Working with MOVES Lookup
              Output Tables
                                       35
Participants do not have the database used in the following slides.
                                                  35

-------
SELECT
* FROM moveslookupoutput;
(returns 128 rows



















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36
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-------
SELECT * FROM  moveslookupoutput
         where roadtypelD = 2;
           (returns 32 rows)
     O Resultst
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                                        37
                                                      37

-------
 SELECT * FROM moveslookupoutput
where roadtypeid=2 and pollutantid=90;
          (Returns 16 rows)



              L Enterprise Help

                             for Prepared 5tat
                                   38
                                              38

-------
   SELECT * FROM moveslookupoutput
where roadtypelD = 2 and pollutantID = 90
          group by avgspeedbinID;
         (now ordered by speed bin)
          Tools Window MySQL Enterprise Help

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                                                    39
                                                                       39

-------
  SELECT pollutantID, avgspeedbinID,
 emissionrate FROM moveslookupoutput
where roadtypelD = 2 and pollutantID = 90
        group by avgspeedbinID;
                                     40
                                                  40

-------
                        ©  vvEPA
Other handy things Query Browser
can do
  Export result tables.
  Import data.
  Edit data.
  History function.
                                              41

-------
                                  vvEPA
Export tables using the Browser
  One useful way to build input databases is to first
  copy the relevant information from the MOVES
  default database
  Use SELECT and WHERE statements as necessary
  to filter the information and get the values that you
  want
  In Query Browser file menu, select "Export
  Resultset"—can save as .csv, .xls, or other file
  formats
  Then you can work with these values in Excel or
  other programs
                                         42
                                                        42

-------
Export  resultsets from  Browser
  New Resultset Tab
  New Script Tab
  Open Query ...
  Open Script ...
                                                ben zeneef I e stout
                                                co2 testru nout put
                                                  activity type
                                                  mo 'esach-'ityoutput

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                                                  niaveslookupouiput
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                                                 •5QL Utility Statements
                                                 SQL TrarisacSional and Locking
                                                 tabase Administration Statements,
                                                 plication 5tatements
                                                iQL Syntax hor Prepared Sbatemenb
                                                                                  43

-------
Tip:  Copy query statements into exported
    spreadsheets for future reference
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20 Passenger Car 0156461 0.002002 0000493 1.4788
30 Passenger Truck 0.22112 0.002838 0.000698 1.86686
30 Light Commercial Truck 0 235003 0.003039 0 000748 2.05979
50 Refuse Truck 1.4
1705 0 0.003572 20.6845
SO Single Unit Short-haul Truck 0.561933 0 0.001603 7.64159
50 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 0498699 0 0001474 6.25047
50 Motor Home 0 61
7371 0 0.002105 6.73483
40 School Bus 0746718 0 0002176 9.06989
40 Transit Bus 1
0944 0 0.003587 16556
40 Intercity Bus 129515 0 0003715 19.5937
60 Combination Short-haul Truck 1.9
6354 0 0 004031 29.3275
60 Combination Long-haul Truck 2.08126 0 0.004188 31 .4038-^
10 Motorcycle 0.0251 0 0.000315 0.285

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44
                                                  44

-------
                                ©   oEPA
Load data infile
 ^^^^^^^^m
  This statement can be used to import information
  from .csv or .txt (not .xls) files into MySQL tables
  Example script to update age values:
   - load data infile 'c:/MOVES/Change/NewAgeDist.csv'
   - Replace into table SourceTypeAgeDistribution
   - fields terminated by ','
   - ignore 1 lines
   - (sourceTypeld,yearld,ageld,ageFraction);
                                              45
                                                              45

-------
                              ©  oEPA
Editing data from within Query
Browser
  Cell values in tables with primary keys can also be
  edited from within Query Browser itself, rather than
  importing alternative data:
  - Highlight a cell
  - Click "Edit" button
  - Make any necessary changes
  - Click "Apply Changes"
  - Click "Edit" button again to close
                                          46
                                                          46

-------
                             ©  oEPA
Editing data from within Query
Browser
  MOVES output tables cannot be readily edited this
  way, since they do not have primary keys.
  Don't edit the default database!!!
  - Check the title bar at the top of the Query Browser window to
    make sure that the database you want to edit is active
                                         47
                                                        47

-------
Editing data from within Query
Browser

File Edit View Query Script Toois Window MySQL Enterprise Help
Refresh E erute^ ' t
O Resultset 1 Schemata
jonelD roadTypel D S H OAllocFactra -i
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MySQL Transactianal and Lacking . . ,
Peplii atinn Statements

48
48

-------
                                 ©   oEPA
Copy default information  into new
database
  You can also copy information from the default database
  directly into another database without first exporting and
  then importing
  This is useful when you want to edit data within Query
  Browser, and don't have many values to change
  Example: insert into myrun.fuelformulation SELECT * FROM
  MOVESDBDRAFT2009.fuelformulation where
  fuelformulationid = 1061;
     In this example, "myrun" is the user input database and
     "MOVESDBDRAFT2009" is the default database (syntax is
     "databasename.tablename")
                                               49
                                                                49

-------
                                 vvEPA
Using Query Browser's "history"
function
  Query Browser has a history function, so that
  previous statements can be selected and applied,
  rather than retyping them
• Can also pull up a previous query statement and
  then modify it to select the desired data
                                       50
                                                     50

-------
  Query Browser history function
File Edit View Query Script Tools Window Help
                              Data Manipulation
                              Data Definition
                              MySQL Utility
                                         51
                                                       51

-------
                                   vvEPA
Generating local input databases for
MOVES when GUI options don't exist
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m
  MOVES has several GUI options for importing
  common types of local inputs (County Data
  Manager, I/M Coverage Editor, etc.)
  - These are covered in other parts of the course
  In some cases, non-default local data would need
  to be supplied through additional input databases
  (as opposed to being entered through the GUI)
  Since the tables in these databases must adhere to
  the MOVES default names and formats, it is safer
  (and easier) to base input databases on existing
  tables, rather than creating them from scratch.

                                         52
                                                        52

-------
                                 vvEPA


One way: Copying default tables
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^m
  Create a new database in MySQL
  In Explorer, locate the files associated with each
  necessary table in the MOVES default database,
  and COPY (don't MOVE) them into the new
  database folder
  Each table has three associated files (*.frm, *.MYD,
  and *.MYI), all of which must be copied
  These can then be edited using MySQL commands
                                        53
                                                      53

-------

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$ agecategory.ftm ^23] coldsoahnitialhourl'raction.Mv'D &Q dayofany^'eet .MYI J3] emissionrate.M11
'3] agecategory.MYD ^ coldsoakinitialhourfraction.MYI ^] dayvmtfraction.frm 3] emissionrateby;
Sjj agecategory.MYI |5j] cofdsoaktanktemperature.frm ,SJ] day vmtf faction. MYD _Sj| emissionrateby;
,^j agegroup,frm j^ coldsoaktanktemperature.MYD !±| dayvmtfraction.MYI ^| ernissionrateby^
^] agegroup.MYD [H coldsoaktanktemperature.MYI ^j db.op!: J3J engmesize.frm
^j agegroup . MYI jg county . f rm
J3] averagetankgasoline . f rm s^| county . MYD
,Sfj averagetankgasoline, MYD |±| county, MYI
_3] averagetankgasoline. MYI j^| countyyear.frm
_^j averagetanktemperature.Prm j^] countyyear.MYD
j3j averagetanktemperature.MYD |^| countyyear.MYI
^ averagetanktemperature.MYI l^j cumtvvcoeffs.frrn
^ avgspeedbin.frm § cumtvvcoeffs.MYD
_3j avgspeedbin.MYD g cumtvvcoeffs.MYI
^j avgspeedbin.MVI Q datasource.frm
j3j avgspeeddistribution.frm j^] datasource.MYD
^ avgspeeddistribution.MYD @] datasource.MYI
^j avgspeeddistribution.MYI j^j dayofanyweek.frm
< i
^ driveschedule.frm ^) engmesize.MYD
3 driveschedule.MYD ^| engmesize.MYI
)H driveschedule.MYI S| engmetech.frm
^] drivescheduleassoc.frm ^j engmetech.MYC
8 drivescheduleassoc.MYD 3j| engmetech.MYI
^j drivescheduleassoc.MYI ,S^| e^ tendedidleho
3] driveschedulesecond.frm ^j e; tendedidleho
^ driveschedulesecond.MYD ^j e •'tendedidleho
§ driveschedulesecond.MYI 3] fueladjusfcment.
^] emissionprocess.frm ^j fueladjustment.
JSJ] emissionprocess.MYD ^j tueladiusl:ment.
|SJ emissionprocess.MYI S| fuelengfraction
|^ emissionrate.frm §3] fuelengfraction
±J
























54
Note that all tables have three parts (frm, myd and myi).  All three parts must
be copied.


Use the "flush tables;" command to unlock tables that were in use.
                                                                               54

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                                 vvEPA
Creating a Template Database in
MOVES
  A blank database can be created in MOVES from
  the Manage Input Data Sets screen—this database
  contains all the tables that the default database
  does, with the same format, but no data
  This database can then be populated with
  necessary data
                                       55
                                                     55

-------

Creating input databases
File Edit Pre Processing Action Post Processing Settings Help
jf Description
/ Sc*
ji- Geographic Bounds
rf"' Time Spans
El y VehictesJEquipment
^ On Road Vehicle Equipmer
/ RoactType
js1'' PoHutarrts And Processes
./
E\ / Stratespes
> Alternative Vehicle Fuels S
a / cwtpot
- General Output
^ i ~n
Execute active Runspec
-i
Server: \ ' Selections:
Database: jiwashoeexamplej •*• j
Description:
i Add 1
| Create Database... j



56
56

-------
                              ©  oEPA
Never, Ever, EVER Modify the
MOVES Default Database!!!
  To be safe, ALWAYS create a new database in
  MOVES, or copy tables from the MOVES default
  database into a new database, and THEN work on
  the tables
  -  MOVES will not alert you if you accidentally modify the default
     database
  -  Any changes you make will be applied to all future MOVES
     runs using this database
  -  If you modify the default database, it will also make it
     extremely difficult to troubleshoot puzzling model results
  Make a backup copy of the MOVES default
  database, just in case ...
                                          57
                                                          57

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