Clean Vehicles + Clean hel= Cleaner Air • EPA's Tier 2 Vehicle and Gasoline Sulfur program, which was finalized in December 1999, is now taking effect. • This historic new program will result in cars, SUVs, pickups, and vans that are 77-95 percent cleaner than todayis cars and trucks. • At the same time, the program will result in cleaner-burning gasoline that contains 90 percent percent less sulfur. • For the first time: > All passenger cars and light trucks will be covered by the same emission standards. > Vehicles and fuels are being treated as a system, so that the cleaner vehicles will have the low-sulfur gasoline that they need to run their cleanest. > The emission standards will apply to all vehicles, regardless of the type of fuel they operate on (e.g. gasoline, diesel, or alternative fuels). • The Tier 2 program is the result of a groundbreaking cooperative effort among EPA, the auto industry, the oil industry, states, environmental and public health groups, and others. • Industry has stepped up to the challenge of meeting the very stringent standards. > The auto industry will significantly exceed the required number of very clean vehicles sold for Model Year 2004 (estimated to be 35 percent, rather than the required 25 percent). »• Oil refiners have been making large investments, and several refiners are already introducing cleaner gasoline earlier than required. • The changes to vehicles and gasoline will be essentially transparent to consumers: > The performance and product selection of vehicles and fuels will not change. > The very large benefits of this program will cost about $70-250 per vehicle and less than 2 cents per gallon of gasoline. • For these costs, EPA expects significant air quality and health improvements: > Even with the continuing increases in vehicle population and in the number of miles driven, the nation's air quality is expected to improve. > Less pollution from cars means fewer cases of respiratory disease and costs associated therefrom (lost work productivity, medical expenses, etc.) • A simplified version of the Tier 2 NOx standards and phase-in schedules, including the emission standard bin structures, are below. EPA420-F-04-002 January 2004 ------- Phase-In Schedules for NOx Standards and Fuels (does NOT include a number of exceptions and options) Phase-in schedule for 0.07 g/mi NOx average (all vehicles not complying with Tier 2 must comply with interim standards through the phase-in period) Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Cars & Light Trucks 25% 50% 75% 100% 100% 100% Heavier Trucks 50% 100% Phase-in schedule for sulfur reductions in gasoline Year 2004 2005 2006 Refinery Caps 300 ppm 300 ppm 80 ppm Corporate Average 120 ppm 90 ppm 90 ppm Refinery Average N/A 30 ppm 30 ppm Tier 2 Bins - NOx standards Binl Bin 2 Bin 3 Bin 4 Bin5 Bin 6 Bin 7 Bin 8 Bin Bin Bin 9 (expires in 2006) 10 (expires in 2006) 1 1 (expires in 2006) 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 (average standard) 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.60 0.90 EPA420-F-04-002 January 2004 ------- |