vvEPA
Air and Radiation EPA420-R-06-005
February 2006
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Expanding and Updating
the Master List of
Compounds Emitted by
Mobile Sources - Phase
Final Report
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EPA420-R-06-005
February 2006
the of
by - III
Assessment and Strandards Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
and
ICF, Inc.
Fairfax, VA
Prepared for EPA by
ENVIRON International Corporation
Novato, CA
EPA Contract No. 68-C-01-164
Work Assignment No. 2-4
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION.
2. STUDIES REVIEWED.
3. METHODOLOGY 5
4. RESULTS 9
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Notes File For References
APPENDIX B Additional References That Were Not Reviewed
TABLES
Table 1. Studies for which data were incorporated into the spreadsheet containing the
Master List of Compounds Emitted by Mobile Sources 2
Table 2. Studies not incorporated into the Master List of Compounds
Emitted by Mobile Sources, with reasons for omission 4
Table 3. New compounds that were added to the existing Master List
during the review of the literature in the current work 9
Table 4. Compounds on the Master List and included in IRIS with
health information 18
Table 5. Nonroad references studied by Environ in Phase II and III 20
1. INTRODUCTION
In order to build a comprehensive database of the compounds emitted by mobile sources, EPA
initiated a literature search for studies reporting detailed speciation of mobile source exhaust and
evaporative emissions. To date, this work has been comprised of three phases. In the first phase,
46 studies were analyzed by Sierra Research and over 700 specific compounds were identified.l
These compounds were listed in "The Master List of Compounds Emitted by Mobile Sources
and Fuels" (Master List) with compound names, CAS numbers, and emissions type and emission
1 prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sierra Research, Inc. "A List Of Compounds Emitted
From On-Road And Non-Road Mobile Sources", February 5, 2001
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rate information. Building on the initial investigation of the literature, Environ subsequently
reviewed the data reported in 41 additional studies in which mobile source toxic compounds
were speciated (Phase II of this project) and added this information to the Master List.
In the work reported here (Phase III) Environ added speciated mobile source emissions data to
the Master List from four additional references, completed a thorough search for CAS numbers
for compounds on the Master List and cross-referenced the list of compounds on the Master List
with EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) list of compounds.
2. STUDIES REVIEWED
In work by Sierra Research, as noted above, 46 references were analyzed and the compounds
emitted were used to develop a Master List Spreadsheet. This reference list was expanded in
Phase II of the project and 41 additional references were examined by Environ. Subsequently, in
Phase III of the project, four additional references were reviewed by Environ, including one
reference reporting speciated aircraft emissions. Tables 1 and 2 list all of the references
reviewed by Environ for inclusion into the Master List in Phases II and III of this project.
Table 1. Studies reviewed in Phases II and III for which data were incorporated into the Master
List of Compounds Emitted by Mobile Sources.
Study
Code
47
48
50
53
61
62
87
Authors/Title
Nine, Ralph D., Nigel N. Clark, Brian E. Mace and Laila E.IGazzar. 1997.
"Hydrocarbon Speciation of a Lean Burn Spark Ignited Engine." SAE
#972971 .
Whitney, K. Bailey, B. 1994. "Determination of Combustion Products from
Alternative Fuels - Part I: LPG and CNG Combustion Products." SAE
#941903.
Benson, J.; Koehl, W.; Burns, V.; Hochhauser, A.; Knepper, J.; Leppard, W.;
Painter, L; Rapp, L; Reuter, R.; Rippon, B.; Rutherford, J. 1995.
"Emissions with E85 and Gasolines in Flexible/ Variable Fuel Vehicles - The
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program." SAE #952508.
Schauer, James J.; Kleeman, Michael J., Cass, Glenn R. and Bernd R.T.
2002. "Simoneit Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 5.
C1 - C32 Organic Compounds from Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles." Env.
Sci& Tech. 36(36), 1169-1180.
Kleeman, Michael J.; Schauer, James J. ; and Glen R. 2000. "Cass Size
and Composition of Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Motor Vehicles."
Env. Sci& Tech. 34(7), 1132-1142.
Schauer, James J.; Kleeman, Michael J., Cass, Glenn R. and Bernd R.T.
1 999. "Simoneit Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 2.
C1 - C30 Organic Compounds from Medium Duty Diesel Trucks." Env. Sci &
Tech. 33(10), 1578-1587.
Cadle, Steven H.; Mulawa, Patricia A.; Hunsanger, Eric C.; Nelson, Ken;
Ragazzi, Ronald A.; Barrett, Richard; Gallagher, Gerald L.; Lawson, Douglas
R.; Knapp, Kenneth T.; and Richard Snow. 1998. " Measurement of Exhaust
Particulate Matter Emissions from In-Use Light-Duty Motor Vehicles in the
Denver, Colorado Area." CRC E-24-1 .
Onroad/
Off-road
Off- road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
Fuel
CNG
CNG, LPG,
CA Phase II
RFC
E85,
Gasoline
Gasoline
Gasoline,
Diesel
Diesel
Gasoline,
Diesel
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Study
Code
Authors/Title
Onroad/
Off-road
Fuel
92
Ullman, Terry L. Ullman; Lawrence Smith; Joseph W. Anthony; Warren J.
Slodowske; William M. Trestrail; William Bunn; Charles A. Lapin; Kenneth J.
Wright; and Charles R. Clark. 2003. "Comparison of Exhaust Emissions,
Including Toxic Air Contaminants, From School Buses in Compressed
Natural Gas, Low-Emitting Diesel, and Conventional Diesel Engine
Configurations." SAE #2003-01-1381.
On-road
Diesel, CNG
95
Lev-On, Miriam; Chuck LeTavec; Ken Kimura; Jim Uihlien; Teresa Alleman;
Doug Lawson; Keith Vertin; Gregory Thompson; Nigel Clark; Mridul Gautam;
Scott Wayne; Barbara Zielinska; John Sagebiel; Sougato Chatterjee; Kevin
Hallstrom; Robert A. Okamoto; Paul Rieger; Gary M. Yee. 2002.
Speciation of Organic Compounds From the Exhaust of Trucks and Buses:
Effect of Fuel and After-Treatment on Vehicle Emission Profiles." SAE
#2002-01-2873.
On-road
Diesel, CNG
98
Ball, James; Charles A. Lapin; Janet P. Buckingham; Edwin A. Frame;
Douglas M. Yost; Manuel Gonzalez; Eleanor M. Liney; Mani Natarajan;
James P. Wallace; John A. Garbak. 2001. "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel
Fuel: Part 1. the Effect of Fuels and Engine Operating Modes on Emissions
of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas/Solid Phase PAH." SAE #2001-01-3627.
On-road
Diesel,
Fischer-
Tropsch
Diesel
99
Ball, James; Charles A. Lapin; Janet P. Buckingham; Edwin A. Frame;
Douglas M. Yost; Manuel Gonzalez; Eleanor M. Liney; Mani Natarajan;
James P. Wallace; John A. Garbak. 2001. "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel
Fuel: Part 2. the Effect of Fuels on Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and
Gas/Solid Phase PAH Using a Composite of Engine Operating Modes." SAE
#2001-01-3628.
On-road
Diesel,
Fischer-
Tropsch
Diesel
100
Ball, James; Charles A. Lapin; Janet P. Buckingham; Edwin A. Frame;
Douglas M. Yost; Manuel Gonzalez; Eleanor M. Liney; Mani Natarajan;
James P. Wallace; John A. Garbak. 2001. "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel
Fuel: Part 3. the Effect of Pilot Injection, Fuels and Engine Operating Modes
on Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas/Solid Phase PAH." SAE
#2001-01-3630.
On-road
Diesel,
Fischer-
Tropsch
Diesel
101
Siegl, Walter O.; Travis J. Henney; Mark Guenther. 2000. "Identifying
Sources of Evaporative Emissions-Using Hydrocarbon Profiles to Identify
Emission Sources." SAE #2000-01-1139.
On-road
Gasoline
102
Sharp, Chris A.; Steve Howell; Joe Jobe. 2000. "The Effect of Biodiesel
Fuels on Transient Emissions From Modern Diesel Engines-Part li:
Unregulated Emissions and Chemical Characterization." SAE #2000-01-
1968.
On-road
Diesel, B20,
Biodiesel
115
Silva, Philip J.; Kimberly A. Prather. 1997. "On-line Characterization of
Individual Particles from Automobile Emissions." Env. Sci & Tech. 31(11),
3074-3080.
On-road
Gasoline
131
Sweeney, Edward G.; John H. Baudino; Carolyn H. Schmidt. 1992.
Composition of Gasoline Vehicle Emissions-An Analytical Speciation
Program." SAE #922253.
On-road
Gasoline
138
Pakko, James D.; Andrew A. Adamczyk; Walter O. Siegl; Robert J.
Pawlowicz. 1994. "Measurements of Total and Speciated Hydrocarbon
Removal From Engine Exhaust Using Activated Carbon." SAE # 941999.
On-road
Gasoline
147
Leppard, William R.; Larry A. Rapp; Vaughn R. Burns; Robert A. Gorse, Jr.;
Jay C. Knepper; William J. Koehl. 1992. "Effects of Gasoline Composition
on Vehicle Engine-Out and Tailpipe Hydrocarbon Emissions-The Auto/Oil Air
Quality Improvement Research Program." SAE #920329. Pp. 435-459
On-road
Gasoline
155
Howes, Peter and Greg Rideout. N. "Evaluation of Biodiesel in an Urban
Transit Bus Powered by a 1988 DDECII6V92 TA Engine." MSED #95-
26743-1.
On-road
Diesel,
Biodiesel
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Study
Code
166
170
173
175
177
180
183
184
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
Authors/Title
Gautam, Mridul; Nigel Clark; W. Scott Wayne; Gregory Thompson; Donald
W. Lyons; Wesley C. Riddle; Ralph D. Nine; Benjie Staggs; V. Andy Williams;
Timothy Hall; Sairam Thiagarajan. 2003. "Heavy-Duty Vehicle Chassis
Dynamometer Testing for Emissions Inventory, Air Quality Modeling, Source
Apportionment and Air Toxics Emissions Inventory." CRC E-55/E-59.
Carroll, James N. 1 991 . "Emission Tests of In-Use Small Utility Engines -
Task III Report Non-Road Source Emission Factors Improvement." SwRI
#3426-006.
Kado, N.Y., P.A. Kuzmicky, K.L. Kiefer, R.L. Maddalena, Tung-Liang Huang,
R.A. Okamoto. 1998. "Exposure to Emissions from Alternative Fuel
Combustion: Bioassay and Chemical Analyses of the Particle and Semi-
Volatile Emissions from Hydrogenated Biodiesel Fuels."
Lloyd's Register. 1995. "Lloyd's Register Work in Marine Based Air
Pollution and Its Relationship to Other Work in the Field."
Norbeck, J., T.D. Durbin, T.J. Truex. 1998. "Characterization of Particulate
Emissions from Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles."
Sharp, C. A. 1996. "Emissions and Lubricity Evaluation of Rapeseed
Derived Biodiesel Fuels." Final Report. SwRI #7507.
Truex, Dr. T.J., Dr. J. M. Norbeck, M.R. Smith, J. Arey, N. Kado, B. Okamoto,
K.Kiefer, P. Kuzmicky, I. Holcomb. 1998. "Evaluation of Factors that Affect
Diesel Exhaust Toxicity."
White, J., M.N. Ingalls, J.N.Carroll, L. Chan. 1999. "Three-Way Catalyst
Technology for Off-Road Equipment Powered by Gasoline and LPG
Engines."
Fritz, Steven G. 2000. "Diesel Fuel Effects on Locomotive Exhaust
Emissions."
GARB (Project Engineer: Jerry Ho, Alternate Project Engineer: David Lee).
"GARB Vehicle Surveillance Program Database, Series 17, Project 2S03C1 ."
Three SULEV vehicles tested for DOE and EPA at SwRI. "Assignment Title:
"Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from California-Certified SI SULEVs".
2004
Gerstle, Thomas; Virage, Peter; Kimm, Maj Larry; Wade, Mark. 1999.
"Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Emissions Testing: Volume 2,
Detailed Sampling Approach and Results."
Helmer, Kent; Cook, Richard; Volckens, John; Baldauf, Richard; Starr,
Michael. 2004. "Regulated and Air Toxic Exhaust Emissions from Nonroad
Diesel Engines and Equipment."
Collier, A.; Hillebrand, C.; Kelly, G.; Brett, S.; Elliot, G.; Blair, D.; Sturgeon, K.;
Tancell, P.; Brogan, M. 2001 . "Investigation into Testing and Controlling
Emissions of Hydrogen Sulfide from Gasoline Vehicles", SAE paper 2001 -01-
3530.
Graham, Lisa. 2003. "Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from In-Use
Light Duty Gasoline Motor Vehicles." Environment Canada , ERMD Report
#99-67.
Onroad/
Off-road
On-road
Off- road
On-road
Off- road
On-road
On-road
On-road
Off- road
Off- road
On-road
On-road
Off- road
Off- road
On-road
On-road
Fuel
Diesel
Gasoline
Biodiesel
Diesel
Gasoline
Biodiesel
Diesel
Gasoline,
LPG
Diesel
Gasoline
Gasoline
Jet-fuel
Diesel
Gasoline
Gasoline
Table 2. Studies not incorporated into the Master List of compounds emitted by mobile
sources, with reasons for omission.
Study
Code
57
Authors/Title
Tobias, HJ; Beving, DE; Ziemann, PJ; Sakurai, H; Zuk, M;
McMurry, PH; Zarling, D; Waytulonis, R; Kittelson, D.B. 2001.
"Chemical analysis of diesel engine nanoparticles using a nano-
DMA/thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer." Env.
Onroad/
Offroad
Off- road
Diesel/
Gas
Diesel
Reason for
Omission
no detailed
compound
names in data
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Study
Code
63
64
74
104
168
169
171
176
179
Authors/Title
Sci & Tech. 35(1 1), 2233-2243.
Marr, Linsey C.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Harley, Robert A.;
Miguel, Antonio H.; Hering, Susanne V.; and S. Katharine. 1999.
"Hammond Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
in Motor Vehicle Fuels and Exhaust Emissions." Env. Sci & Tech.
33(18), 3091-3099.
Miguel, Antonio H.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Harley, Robert A.;
and Susanne V. Hering. 1998. "On-road Emissions of Particulate
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Black Carbon from
Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles." Env. Sci & Tech. 32(4), 450-455.
Cadle, Steven H.; Mulawa, Patricia A.; Hunsanger, Eric C.;
Nelson, Ken; Ragazzi, Ronald A.; Barrett, Richard; Gallagher,
Gerald L; Lawson, Douglas R.; Knapp, Kenneth T.; and Richard
Snow. 1999. "Composition of Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Exhaust
Particulate Matter in the Denver, Colorado Area." Env. Sci &
Tech. 33(1 4), 2328-2339.
Lanning, Lisa A.; Kurt W. Smith; Chris J. Tennant. 2000. "A New
Method for Diesel HC Collection and Speciation." SAE #2000-01-
2951.
Zielinska, Barbara. 1999. "Changes in Diesel Engine Emissions."
HEI Communications 7, 1 1 5-1 32.
EPA. 2002. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on
Exhaust Emissions." EPA420-P-02-001 .
Gertler, A.W.; J.C. Sagebiel; W.A. Dippel; R.J. Farina. 1998.
"Measurements of Dioxin and Furan Emission Factors from
Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles." J. Air & Waste Mngmnt. Assoc., 48,
march, 276-278.
Sharp, C. A. 1998. "Biodiesel: Literature Search and
Characterization of Exhaust Emissions as Required under Section
21 1 (b) and 21 1 (e) of the Clean Air Act: Appendix 2
Characterization of Biodiesel Exhaust Emissions."
Sharp, C. A. 1998. "Characterization of Biodiesel Exhaust
Emission for EPA 21 1 (b) - Final Report." SwRI #08-1039.
On road/
Offroad
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
On-road
Diesel/
Gas
In-use
Gasoline,
Diesel
Gasoline,
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel,
Biodiesel
Diesel
Biodiesel,
Diesel
Biodiesel
Diesel
Reason for
Omission
tunnel study
tunnel study
same data as
study code 87
no detailed
compound
names in data
review, no
original data
same data as
study code
102
tunnel study
same data as
study code 102
same data as
study code
102
3. METHODOLOGY
Extracting data from additional references and incorporating into Master List
The procedure used to extract data from each reference is as follows. First the relevant tables
were isolated from the paper. If the paper was hard copy only and not already in pdf format,
then the tables were scanned into pdf. Using the software ScanSoft OmniPage Pro 11.0, the pdf
file was converted into Word format, and then subsequently imported into Excel.
A simple directory structure was maintained for each reference. A folder "Ref_xx" was created
for each paper being examined. Inside each folder three more files were located: (1)
"Ref_xx.pdf consisted of either the pdf version of the paper, or a pdf document containing the
relevant tables from the paper; (2) "Ref_xx_data.doc" was the Microsoft Word document created
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from the conversion software; and (3) "Ref_xx_tables.xls" contained the Excel file with the data,
and the final list of compounds (with appropriate names and highlights). This final Excel file
had the data in the proper format for a macro to incorporate into the Master List (see details
below). All of the data in these folders for the studies are included on a CD accompanying this
report along with a 'read me' file describing the CD's contents.
For each paper, tables were created in which the minimum and maximum emission rates for each
reported compound were calculated. Compound names were standardized, where necessary, to
match those already present in the Master List. This may have involved hyphenation or may
have consisted of finding equivalent names for the compounds (for example chrysene =
b enzo(a)phenanthrene).
One aim of this work was to obtain the greatest level of detail regarding compound identification
possible. In some cases authors reported compound classes or general names for compounds for
which specific isomers exist (e.g., dimethylpenanthrene vs. 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene). The
compound names as well as isomer names were maintained in the database. Compounds in the
Master List are presented in the order in which articles reporting them were reviewed. When a
compound was present in the database (either the specific isomer or the general compound name)
the new addition to the list was highlighted in blue to help the user identify these similar
compound groups. In some cases, two organic compounds are listed in the same row of the
Master List. This result is due to co-elution of organic species during sample analysis. Where
possible, CAS numbers for the co-eluting species are listed.
Two macros were developed in order to read the data from each individual reference-specific
spreadsheet into the Master Table. The first macro, "name_match", was run on the "Ref_xx"
worksheet in the final Excel file created for each reference ("Ref_xx_tables.xls"). This macro
ran through the list of compounds compiled from the study and highlighted any that did not
match the current list of compounds in the Master List. After checking the potentially new
compounds for spelling, naming or other inconsistencies with compounds present on the Master
List, and making the necessary corrections, the macro was run again to end up with a final list
with all of the new compounds highlighted in yellow.
The second macro, "add_reference_file", was run to incorporate the data from each separate
paper (including compounds and emission rates) into the Master List. This macro was run from
the Master List spreadsheet; it prompts the user to choose the reference file location (note that
the file must be set to open up on the appropriate worksheet which contains the data). The macro
then updates the Master List with the new emission rates from the paper, any new compounds
that it might have contained, and the reference number is added in the spreadsheet next to each
appropriate compound. If a compound was already present in the Master List, then just the
emission rate information was updated, and the reference number was noted. If any new
compounds were added to the Master List, they were highlighted in yellow (and the new
compounds in blue for each paper remained highlighted blue when added to the Master List as
well).
For this work, the macro, "add_reference_file" was able to process two different unit types -
"mg/mi" or "mg/hp-hr". The Master List was expanded to include separate columns for both
data types, and the macro reported the emission rates in the appropriate column when reading in
data from each reference. In a few cases compounds were reported by authors as "trace" (which
the authors verified meant the compound concentration was above the detection limit, but no
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emission rate data were provided). For these cases, a function was created so that the macro
incorporated the compounds into the Master List without any emission rate information. For
some references, compound names were listed but no emission rate information was given (or it
was given in non-compatible units). Using the "trace" functionality of the macro, these
compounds were flagged as "trace" in the "Ref_xx_.data.xls" file in order for only their names to
be included into the Master List.
The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Numbers for most of the substances on the
master list were found by searching on www.chemfinder.com. If the CAS number was not
available on this website, a search was made (for a fee) on the CAS registry's website
(stneasy.cas.org). CAS numbers were found for a few of the hopane and sterane molecules from
online sources.
In addition to incorporating the compounds into the Master List, other information on testing
methods, test fuels, test vehicles, and bibliographic information was manually entered into the
final Master List file (see below for description of worksheets).
The final Master List file consists of the following worksheets:
Master List - List of compounds, CAS numbers (one column includes Sierra's CAS
numbers in their initial format of "00000-00-00", and a second column has these CAS
numbers with any extra leading zeroes removed), emissions type (i.e. Gas Exhaust),
Minimum and Maximum emission rates (columns for either of two units - mg/mi or
mg/hp-hr), a field named "Applicable References" which contains all the numbers of the
references for which the compound was reported, and columns to indicate if the
emissions data came from a nonroad or onroad source with a filter to easily sort the data
(Note: this nonroad/onroad designation was based only on the references that were
reviewed in phases II and III by Environ, not for studies reviewed by Sierra Research);
Bibliography - information on reference title, author, data, author affiliation, sponsor and
other bibliographic information (e.g., the number assigned to each paper);
Testing Methods - Information on mobile source characteristics, test fuel characteristics,
drive schedule, testing laboratory and measurement technique;
Test Fuel - detailed fuel property data;
Test Vehicle or Engine - detailed information on tested engine or vehicle (make, model,
fuel, model year, odometer reading, displacement, fuel system, rated horsepower, torque,
etc.).
Appendix A is a detailed notes file on issues about each set of data from each reference. This
appendix also indicates which tables from the paper were extracted, and the units in which the
data were reported.
IRIS data extraction and cross-referencing with Master List
EPA's Integrated Risk Information System is a database of human health effects that may result
from exposure to various substances found in the environment. In early 2004 when accessed by
Environ, it contained 544 substances. IRIS includes health information on the Reference Dose
for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD), Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure
(RfC), and Carcinogenicity information (e.g., Weight-of-Evidence Characterization, Oral Slope
Factor, and Inhalation Unit Risk).
7
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To extract these data, as well as the dates each compound and each health benchmark value was
reviewed, the IRIS compound files (in html format) were first downloaded from the EPA website
(http://www.epa.gov/iris/stand-al.htm) and were converted to text format using a script written in
the python programming language (htm!2text.py).
Then, using Unix commands including "grep", the relevant data lines were extracted from these
text files. The information in the IRIS record in the section titled "STATUS OF DATA" was
extracted first to determine which of the health values were contained in the database for each
substance. Subsequently, values for RfC, RfD, weight-of-evidence (WOE), Oral Slope Factor,
and Inhalation Unit Risk (if any were available) were extracted for each substance and
transferred into Excel.
Because the IRIS files were not of a completely consistent format, for less than 15 percent of the
substances, the files were manually examined to extract the needed information. The other 85
percent (or more depending on the field extracted) were automatically processed using the Unix
commands alone.
The following fields were extracted from IRIS data files:
STATUS OF DATA (used to determine if data were available for a particular
substance)
Species # (number in IRIS assigned to each compound)
Name of the compound
CAS Number
Date compound/element was last reviewed
Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD) - (mg/kg-day)
Oral RfD Assessment - date last revised
Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC) - (mg/cu.m)
Inhalation RfC Assessment - date last revised
Carcinogenicity Assessment - date last revised
Weight-of-Evidence Characterization for Carcinogenicity
Oral Slope Factor (per (mg/kg)/day)
Inhalation Unit Risk (per ug/cu.m)
After the information from the IRIS substance files was extracted and compiled into an Excel
worksheet, these substances were cross-referenced with those on the Master List by matching
CAS numbers (note: some compounds on the Master List do not have CAS numbers, but by a
visual search, it was determined that none of these compounds were contained in the IRIS
database).
A worksheet was created that contained only those substances among this cross-reference for
which IRIS lists an RfC, RfD, and/or a Carcinogenicity assessment.
From 2001-2003, EPA's Office of Research and Development National Center for Assessment
(NCEA) conducted a search of health and toxicology literature for all compounds and elements
on IRIS (except for 86 substances which were being reassessed under the IRIS program). This
literature search is titled "Summary Report for the Screening-Level Review of Toxicity
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Information Contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Database" for Phase I,
II & III, 20032. The search was conducted in order to determine if data exist that could be used
in an updated assessment of any of the compounds listed in IRIS. The following codes developed
for the NCEA literature search were included in the worksheet containing the compounds in
common to the IRIS database and the Master List:
"C" - The literature published since the IRIS consensus review does not appear to
contain study data that could potentially produce a change in the IRIS summary. The
existing IRIS summary is considered current;
"N" - New health effects information that could potentially affect the IRIS summary
was identified;
"O" - No toxicity value is available in the existing IRIS file. Potentially relevant
information was identified during evaluation of the literature compilations or
literature search results. This information may or may not support the derivation of
an IRIS toxicity value of WOE designation. The narratives for individual chemicals
provide further discussions about the nature of this information.
4. RESULTS
New Compounds
From the references reviewed by Environ (Phases II and III of this project), many new
compounds were added to the Master List; these compounds are listed in Table 3 with CAS
numbers (if found).
Table 3. New compounds that were added to the Master List during the review of the literature
in the current work.
Compound Name
(E)-1 ,3-hexadiene
(E)-2,3-dimethyl-3-hexene
(E)-2-heptenal
(E)-S-nonene
(E)-4-octene
(E)-decalin
(Z)-1 ,3-pentadiene
(Z)-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene
(Z)-2-methyl-3-hexene
(Z)-2-nonene
(Z)-S-nonene
1 ,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrafluoroethane
1 ,1 ,2-trimethylcyclohexane
1 ,1 ,4-trimethylcyclohexane
1,1'-biphenyl, 3-methyl-
1,1'-biphenyl, 4-methyl
1 ,1 '-ethylidenebis-benzene
1 ,2,4-trimethylbenzene + 1 ,2,4-tributylbenzene + 1-decene1
1 ,2,8-trimethylnaphthalene
1 ,2-dimethylcyclohexane
CAS Number
20237-34-7
18829-55-5
20063-92-7
14850-23-8
493-02-7
1574-41-0
10557-44-5
15840-60-5
6434-77-1
20237-46-1
811-97-2
7094-26-0
7094-27-1
643-93-6
644-08-6
612-00-0
95-63-6; 1 4800-1 6-9;872-05-9
3876-97-9
583-57-3
2 Prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. for National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. EPA.
9
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
1 ,3+1 ,6+1 ,7dimethylnaphthalene
1,3-dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-dimethyldibenzothiophene
1,3-dinitronaphthalene
1 ,3-isobenzofurandione
1,3-pentadiene
1,4+1 ,2-dimethylcyclopentane
1 ,4,5-trimethylnaphthalene
1 ,4+1 ,5+2,3-dimethylnaphthalene
1 ,4-pentadiene
1,5-dinitronaphthalene
1 ,6- + 1 ,8-dinitropyrene
1 ,7-dimethylphenanthrene
1 ,8-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene
1 ,8-dimethylnaphthalene
1,8-dinitronaphthalene
1,cis-2,trans-3-trimethylcyclopentane
1 0-methyl-benzo(b)naphtho(2,1 -d)thiophene
17a(h),18a(h),21b(h)-25,28,30-trisnorhopane
17a(h),18a(h),21b(h)-28,30-bisnorhopane
1 7a(h),21 b(h)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane
1 7a(H),21 b(H)-29-norhopane
1 7a(h),21 b(h)-30-norhopane
17a(h),21b(h)-hopane
1 7a(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane
17b(h),21a(h)-hopane
17b(h),21b(h)-hopane
1 8a(h),21 b(h)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane
1 8a(h),21 b(h)-30-norneohopane
18a(h)-22,29,30-trisnorneohopane
1-butene + isobutene
1 -ethyl-2-methylnaphthalene
1-ethylnaphthalene+2-ethylnaphthalene
1-methyl-3-isopropylbenzene + 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene
1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene
1-methylfluorene
1-methylindane
1 -methylphenanthrene
1-methylpyrene
2,2,4-trimethylhexane + 1,1 -ethyl methylcyclopentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane + 1-heptene
2,2,5-trimethylhexane+t-1,3-ethylmethylcyclopentane
2,2-dimethylheptane
2,2-dimethylhexane + 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene
2,3,5-trimethylhexane + cis-1 ,2-dimethylcyclohexane
2,3-benzofuran
2,3-dimethyl-1 -hexene
2,3-dimethylhexane + 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
2,4,5-trimethylnaphthalene
2,4-dimethylhexane + 2,2,3-trimethylpentane
2,4-dimethylpentane + 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,5-dimethylhexane + 2,2,3-trimethylpentane
2,5-dimethylhexane + ethylcyclopentane
CAS Number
575-41 -7; 575-43-9; 575-37-1
541 -73-1
31317-15-4
606-37-1
85-44-9
504-60-9
X^; 2452-99-5
2131-41-1
571 -58-4; 571 -61 -9; 581 -40-8
591 -93-5
605-71 -0
42397-64-8; 42397-65-9
483-87-4
31 31 7-42-7
569-41 -5
602-38-0
53584-60-4
13849-96-21
53584-59-1
1176-44-9
471 -62-5
1 06-98-9 & 115-11-7
17057-93-1
1 1 27-76-0 & 939-27-5
535-77-3; 99-87-6
483-65-8
1 730-37-6
767-58-8
832-69-9
2381-21-7
1 6747-26-5 ;X
540-84-1 ;592-76-7
3522-94-9; X
1071-26-7
590-73-8; 107-40-4
1069-53-0; 2207-01 -4
271 -89-6
16746-86-4
584-94-1 ;609-26-7
17057-91-9
589-43-5;564-2-3
108-08-7; 563-79-1
51 -28-5
592-1 3-2; 564-02-3
592-13-2;! 640-89-7
10
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
2,6,1 0-trimethyltridecane
2,6-dimethylheptane + cis-1 ,2-dimethylcyclohexane
2,7-dinitrofluorene
20R,5a(H),14b(H),17b(H)-cholestane
20R+S-5a(H),1 4b(H),1 7b(H)-ergostane
20R+S-5a(H),1 4b(H),1 7b(H)-sitostane
20R-13b(H),17a(H)-diacholestane
20S-1 3b(H),1 7a(H)-diacholestane
22,29,30-trisnorneohopane
22r+s,1 7a(h),21 b(H)-30-bishomohopane
22r+s,1 7a(H),21 b(H)-30-homohopane
22r-1 7a(h),21 b(h)-30,31 ,32-trishomohopane
22r-1 7a(h),21 b(h)-30,31 -bishomohopane
22r-1 7a(h),21 b(h)-30-homohopane
22s-1 7a(h),21 b(h)-30,31 ,32-trisomohopane
22s-1 7a(h),21 b(h)-30,31 -bishomohopane
22s-1 7a(h),21 b(h)-30-homohopane
2-butoxy ethanol
2-ethyl-1-butene
2-hexanone
2-methyl-1 -phenyl-1 -propene
2-methyl-3-ethylpentane + 2,5-dimethyl-2-hexene
2-methylanthracene
2-methyl-benzo(b)naphtho(2,1-d)thiophene
2-methylbiphenyl
2-methyl-dibenzothiophene
2-methylfluorene
2-methylhexane + cyclohexene + 2,3-dimethylpentane
2-methylphenanthrene
2-methylphenol
2-methylpropyl-cyclohexane
2-methylundecane
2-nitrophenol
2-propyltoluene
3, 3-dimethylhexane + 1-cis-2-trans-4-cis-trimethylcyclopentane
3,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane
3,3-dimethyl-1 -pentene
3,3-dimethylpentane +cyclohexane
3,4-dimethylheptane + 4-methyloctane
3,6-dimethylphenanthrene
3-ethyl-cis-2-pentene
3-ethylheptane
3-ethylhexene + 1-1 ,4-dimethylcyclohexane
3-ethyloctane
3-ethylpentane + 1-1 ,2-dimethylcyclopentane
3-ethylpentane + trans-1 ,3-dimethylcyclopentane
3-methylcholanthrene
3-methyloctane + 3,3-diethylpentane + 3-ethylheptane
3-methylpentane + cis-1 ,3-dimethylcyclohexane
3-methylphenanthrene
3-nitro-1 ,1'-Biphenyl
3-nitrofluorene
3-nitrophenanthrene
CAS Number
3891-99-4
1072-5-5;2207-1-4
5405-53-8
69483-47-2
60305-22-8
60305-23-9
1 1 1 -76-2
760-21 -4
591 -78-6
768-49-0
609-26-7; 3404-78-2
613-12-7
643-58-3
20928-02-3
1 430-97-3
591-76-4; 1 10-83-8; 565-59-3
2531-84-2
95-48-7
1 678-98-4
31 807-55-3
88-75-5
1 074-1 7-5
563-1 6-6; X
5171-84-6
3404-73-7
562-49-2; 11 0-82-7
922-28-1 ;221 6-34-4
1 576-67-6
816-79-5
15869-80-4
X; 2207-04-7
5881-17-4
61 7-78-7; X
6 17-78-7; 1759-58-6
56-49-5
2216-33-3; 1067-20-5; 15869-80-4
96-14-0; 638-04-0
832-71 -3
2113-58-8
5397-37-5
17024-19-0
11
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
3-propyltoluene
4,4 + 2,2-dimethylheptane
4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
4-ethylguaiacol
4-formyl guaiacol
4-methyl syringol
4-methyl-1-pentene + 3-methyl-1-pentene
4-methyl-2-pentene
4-methylguaiacol
4-methylheptane + 3-ethyl-3-methylpentane + 1-methylcyclohexene
4-methylheptane + 3-methyl-3-ethylpentane + 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexene
4-methyloctane + 2-octyne
4-methylpyrene
4-nitrophenanthrene
4-nitrophenol
4-n-propyltoluene + 1 ,4-diethylbenzene
4-propyltoluene + butyl-1,3-dimethyl-5-ethylbenzene + 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-benzene
5+6-methylchrysene
5-isopropyl-m-xylene
5-methyl-benzo(b)naphtho(2,1-d)thiophene
5-methyl-naphtho(2, 1 -b)thiophene
6-methyl-benzo(b)naphtho(2,1-d)thiophene
7-methylbenz[a]anthracene
7-methylbenzo(a)pyrene
7-nitrobenzo(a)anthracene
8b,13a-dimethyl-14b-[3'-methylbutyl]podocarpane
8b,1 3a-dimethyl-1 4b-n-butylpodocarpane
8-methyl-benzo(b)naphtho(1,2-d)thiophene
8-methyl-benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)thiophene
8-methyl-naphtho(2, 1 -b)thiophene
9-anthraldehyde
9-Fluorenone
9-methylanthracene
9-methylphenanthrene
9-nitrophenanthrene
abieticacid
acenaphthenequinone
acephenanthrylene
acetic acid
acetophenone
acetovanillone
alpha-pinene
ammonia
ammonium
anthanthrene
anthracene/phenanthrene
anthraquinone
azelaic acid
3enz(a)anthracene-7,1 2-dione
benzene, 1 , 1 '(1 -methyl-1 ,2-ethanediyl)bis-
3enzo(a)fluorene
benzo(b)fluorene
3enzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene
CAS Number
1 074-43-7
1068-19-5;1071-26-7
1207-12-1
2785-89-9
6638-05-7
691 -37-2; 760-20-3
4461-48-7
93-51 -6
589-53-7; 1 067-08-9;591 -49-1
589-53-7; 1067-08-9; 4316-65-8
221 6-34-4; 2809-67-8
3353-1 2-6
82064-1 5-1
100-02-7
1074-55-1; 105-05-5
1 074-55-1 ;X;934-74-7
3697-24-3 & 1 705-85-7
4706-89-2
2541-69-7
63041-77-07
63041-91-8
24964-07-6
642-31 -9
486-25-9
779-02-2
883-20-5
954-46-1
514-10-3
82-86-0
201 -06-9
64-19-7
98-86-2
498-02-2
80-56-8
7664-41-7
14798-03-9
191-26-4
120-1 2-7; 85-01 -8
84-65-1
123-99-9
2498-66-0
238-84-6
243-17-4
205-99-2; 205-82-3; 207-08-9
12
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
3enzo(j)fluoranthene
benzole acid
oenzonaphthothiophene
benzyl alcohol
oeta-pinene
bis[2-ethylhexyl]phthalate
3ishomohopane-1
bishomohopane-2
outenyl dimethylbenzene
butylbenzylphthalate
butylcyclopentane
c21 aaa-sterane
c21 abb-sterane
c21 tricyclic terpane
c22 abb-sterane
c22 tricyclic terpane
c23 ab-dimethyl-a-butylpodocarpane
c24 ab-dimethyl-a-methylbutylpodocarpane
c25 tricyclic terpane
c26 tricyclic terpane
c26 tricyclic triterpane 22r
c26 tricyclic triterpane 22s
c27 20r-baa-cholestane
c27 20s-abb-cholestane
c27 tetracyclic terpane 22r
c27 tetracyclic terpane 22s
c27 trisnorhopane tm
c27-20r-13a(h),17b(h)-diasterane
c27-20r-13b(h),17a(h)-diasterane
c27-20r5a(h),14a(h),17a(h)-cholestane
c27-20r5a(h),14b(h)-cholestane
c27-20s-13a(h),17b(h)-diasterane
c27-20s-13b(h),17a(h)-diasterane
c27-20s5a(h),1 4a(h)-cholestane
c27-20s5a(h),14b(h),17b(h)-cholestane
c27-tetracyclic terpane
c28 20r/s?-ba-diasterane
c28 20r-aaa-methylcholestane
c28 20r-abb-methylcholestane
c28 20r-ba-diasterane
c28 20s-aaa-methylcholestane
c28 20s-abb-methylcholestane
c28-20r5a(h),14a(h),17a(h)-ergostane
c28-20r5a(h),14b(h),17b(h)-ergostane
c28-20s-13b(h),17a(h)-diasterane
c28-20s5a(h),14a(h),17a(h)-ergostane
c28-tetracyclic terpane
c29 20r-aaa-ethylcholestane
c29 20r-abb-ethylcholestane
c29 20s-aaa-ethylcholestane
c29 20s-abb (20r-baa)-ethylcholestane
c29 20s-ba-diasterane
c29 ab-25-norhopane
c29 ba-norhopane
CAS Number
205-82-3
65-85-0
61 523-34-0
100-51-6
127-91-3
117-81-7
85-68-7
2040-95-1
481 -20-9
481 -21 -0
71 1 1 7-90-3
62446-1 4-4
71 1 1 7-92-5
53584-60-4
3258-87-5
13
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
c29-20r-13a(h),17b(h)-diasterane
c29-20r5a(h),14a(h),17a(h)-stigmastane
c29-20r5a(h),14b(h),17b(h)-stigmastane
c29-20s5a(h),14a(h),17a(h)-stigmastane
c29-20s5a(h),14b(h),17b(h)-stigmastane
c2-fluorene
c2-naphthalene
c30 tricyclic terpane 22r
c30 tricyclic terpane 22s
c3-naphthalene
c4-benzene or c2-benzene
c4-naphthalene
carbon disulfide
carbon tetrachloride
cerium
cholestane-1
cholestane-2
cholestane-3
cis- + trans-3-hexene
cis,cis,cis-1 ,2,3-trimethylcyclopentane
cis-1 ,2-dichloroethene
cis-1 ,2-dimethylcyclopentane + methylcyclohexane
cis-1 ,3-ethylmethylcyclopentane + 2-ethyl-2-hexene
cis-cis-trans-1 ,2,4-trimethylcyclopentane + cis-1 ,3-dimethylcyclohexane
cis-decalin
cis-pinonic acid
ctc-1 23-trimethylcyclopentane
ctc-1 24-trimethylcyclohexane
ctt-1 24-trimethylcyclohexane
cyanide compounds
cylcoheptane + 3-ethylhexene-1 + t-1 ,2-ethylmethylcyclopentane
decanal
decanoic acid
decylcyclohexane
dehydroabietic acid
diasterane-1
diasterane-2
dibenzofuran
dibenzothiazole
diethyl phthalate
dimethyl dodecane
dimethyl undecane
dimethylbenzaldehyde
dimethylphenanthrene
di-n-butylphthalate
di-nitropyrene
docosane
docosanoic acid
dodecanal
dodecene
dodecylcyclohexane
elaidic acid
ergostane
ethyl dimethyl benzene
CAS Number
75-15-0
56-23-5
7440-45-1
7642-09-3;13269-52-8
2613-69-6
156-59-2
1192-18-3; 108-87-2
261 3-66-3; X
X;638-04-0
493-01 -6
473-72-3
886-65-7; X; X
112-31-2
334-48-5
1 795-1 6-0
1 740-1 9-8
132-64-9
84-66-2
79004-83-4
29062-98-4
84-74-2
629-97-0
112-85-6
112-54-9
25378-22-7
1795-17-1
112-79-8
2531 8-39-2
14
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
ethyl hexanol
ethylbiphenyl
ethylcyclohexane + n-propylcyclopentane
eugenol
Farnesane
fluoride
formic acid
furfural
glutaric acid
guaiacol
henicosane
nenicosanoic acid
henicosylcyclohexane
nepenoic acid, ethyl ester
heptadecane_pristane
neptadecanoic acid
heptadecylcyclohexane
neptanal
heptanedioic acid
neptenoic acid, methyl ester
heptylcyclohexane
nexadecadienoic acid methyl ester
hexadecane_norpristane
nexadecanoic acid
hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
nexadecene
hexadecylcyclohexane
nexanedioic acid
hexanoic acid
nexyl cyclohexane
hexylcyclohexane
iomohopane-1
homohopane-2
iopane-1
iopane-2
hopane-3
nydrogen cyanide
hydrogen sulfide
icosane
icosanoic acid
icosene
icosylcyclohexane
indanone
indeno(1 ,2,3-cd)fluoranthene
isoamylbenzene
isobutylbenzene + n-decane
isobutylcyclopentane
isobutyraldehyde + butyraldehyde
isoeugenol
isophthalic acid
isopropylcyclopentane
isopropyltoluene
auric acid
limonene
CAS Number
104-76-7
40529-66-6
1678-91 -7; 2040-96-2
97-53-0
3891-98-3
16984-48-8
64-18-6
98-01 -1
110-94-1
90-05-1
629-94-7
2363-71-5
629-78-7; 1921-70-6
506-12-7
19781-73-8
111-71 -7
111-16-0
5617-41-4
544-76-3; 3892-00-0
57-10-3
628-97-7
26952-1 4-7
681 2-38-0
124-04-9
142-62-1
4292-75-5
4292-75-5
74-90-8
7783-06-4
112-95-8
506-30-9
3452-07-1
83-33-0
00193-43-1
2049-94-7
538-93-2; 124-1 8-5
3788-32-7
78-84-2 & 123-72-8
97-54-1
121-91-5
3875-51-2
25155-15-1
143-07-7
138-86-3
15
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
m- + p-cresol
m/p-tolualdehyde
m+p-xylene + 2,3-dimethylheptane
maleicacid
malonic acid
methyl chloride
methyl dodecane
methyl ester undecenoic acid
methyl ethyl naphthalene
methyl propyl benzene
methyl tert-amyl ether
methyl tridecane
methyl vinyl ketone
methylbenzoic acid
methylbiphenyl
methylcyclohexane + cis-1 ,2-dimethylcyclopentane + 1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane
methylcyclopentane + trans-3-methyl-2-pentene
methylfluorene
methylisopropylbenzene
methylphenanthrene
methylpyrene
methylpyrene/methylfluoranthene
methylpyridine + methylfluorene
methylsuccinic acid
Vlyristic Acid
naphtho(2,1 -b)thiophene
n-octane + cis-1 ,4-dimethylcyclohexane+trans-1 ,3-dimethylcyclohexane
n-octane + trans-1 ,2-dimethylcyclohexane
nonadecane
nonadecanedioic acid
nonadecanoic acid
nonadecylcyclohexane
nonanal
nonanoicacid
nonene
nonylcyclohexane
norfarnesane
norhopane-1
norhopane-2
norpristane
n-propylcyclopentane + cis,cis, cis-1 ,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane + ethylcyclohexane
n-undecane + 1 ,2-dimethyl-3-ethylbenzene
octadecane
octadecanedioic acid
octadecanoic acid
octadecene
octadecenoic acid methyl ester
octadecylcyclohexane
octanal
octanedioic acid
octanoic acid (caprylic acid)
octylcyclohexane
CAS Number
108-39-4; 106-44-5
620-23-5 & 1 04-87-0
1330-20-7; 3074-71 -3
110-16-7
141-82-2
74-87-3
90454-1 5-2
29253-36-9
1 074-1 7-5
994-05-8
78-94-4
12167-74-7
28652-72-4
1 08-87-2; 1 1 92-1 8-3;451 6-69-2
96-37-7; 616-12-6
2691 4-1 7-0
25155-15-1
28652-81-5
2381-21-7
2381 -21 -7; 30997-39-8
1333-41-1; 26914-17-0
498-21 -5
544-63-8
1 1 1-65-9; 624-29-3; 2207-03-6
111-65-9;6876-23-9
629-92-5
6250-70-0
646-30-0
22349-03-7
124-19-6
112-05-0
2721 5-95-8
2883-02-5
6864-53-5
3892-00-0
2040-96-2; X; 1678-91 -7
11 20-2 1-4; 933-98-2
593-45-3
871 -70-5
57-1 1 -4
27070-58-2
4445-06-1
124-13-0
505-48-6
1 24-07-2
1 795-1 5-9
16
-------
November 2004
NV I RO N
Compound Name
oleic acid
o-tolualdehyde
o-cresol
pentachlorophenol
oentadecanoic acid
pentadecylcyclohexane
oentamethylbenzene
pentylcyclohexane
oerinaphthenone
phenanthro(2,1 -b)thiophene
phenanthro(2,3-b)thiophene
3henanthro(3,4-b)thiophene
phenanthro(4,3-b)thiophene
ohenyl ethanone
phosphates
ohthalic acid
phytane
oicolinic acid
pinacolin
o-methylstyrene
pristane
oropionic acid
propyltoluene
oyrene/fluoranthene
sitostane
sitosterol
stearic acid
succinic acid
sulfates or phosphates
syringol
tert-butyl alcohol
:ert-butyl-2-methyl-benzene
tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-benzene
:ert-butyl-4-ethyl-benzene
:ert-butylbenzene + 1 ,2,4-trimethylbenzene
tetrachloroethylene
:etradecene
tetradecylcyclohexane
:etrahydro dimethyl naphthalene
tetrahydromethylnaphthalene
:etralin
tetramethyl butane
:etramethyl hexadecane
tetramethyl pentadecane
:oluene + 2,3,3-trimethylpentane
trans-3,4-dimethyl-2-pentene + 1-heptene
:rans-hexene-2 + cis-3-hexene + cis-2-hexene + 2-methyl-2-pentene
trichloroethene
:richlorofluoromethane
tricosanoic acid
:ridecanal
tridecanoic acid
:ridecylcyclohexane
:rimethyl dodecane
CAS Number
112-80-1
529-20-4
106-44-5
87-86-5
1 002-84-2
6006-95-7
700-12-9
38792-89-1
548-39-0
14265-44-2
88-99-3
638-36-8
98-98-6
75-97-8
622-97-9
1921-70-6
79-09-4
28729-54-6
129-00-0; 206-44-0
83-46-5
57-1 1 -4
110-15-6
91-10-1
75-65-0
98-06-6 & 95-63-3
127-18-4
26952-1 3-6
1 795-1 8-2
31291-71-1
119-64-2
594-82-1
108-88-3; 560-21 -4
491 4-92-5; 592-76-7
X; 7642-09-3; 7688-21-3; 625-27-4
79-01 -6
75-69-4
2433-96-7
10486-19-8
638-53-9
6006-33-3
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Compound Name
:rimethyl pentadecane
trimethylacetaldehyde + 3-methyl-2-butanone
:rimethylnaphthalene
triphenylene
:risnorhopane-1
trisnorhopane-2
undecanal
undecanoic acid
undecylcyclohexane
xanthone
CAS Number
630-1 9-3;563-80-4
28652-77-9
217-59-4
112-44-7
112-37-8
54105-66-7
90-47-1
Notes regarding Table 3:
1 Where more than one chemical species is listed on a row, these compounds could not be separated by the analytical
technique used. The corresponding CAS numbers are listed in order, respectively.
2An 'X' denotes a compound for which the CAS number could not be identified.
The compounds identified in Table 3 as well as the compounds that were already listed in the
Mater List were cross-referenced with the IRIS file. Compounds in the Master list that are
included in IRIS with a health benchmark value or cancer hazard identification are listed in
Table 4.
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Table 4. Compounds on the Master List that are included in IRIS with health information.
Compound Name
1 ,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrafluoroethane
1 ,1 ,1 -Trichloroethane
1,1-Biphenyl
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Butadiene
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2-Methylnaphthalene
2-Methylphenol
4-Methylphenol
Acenaphthene
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Acetophenone
Acrolein
Ammonia
Anthracene
Antimony
Arsenic, inorganic
Barium and compounds
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP)
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzoic acid
Beryllium and compounds
Boron (Boron and Borates only)
Bromomethane
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Cadmium
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Chromium III
Chromium VI
Chrysene
Crotonaldehyde
Cumene
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanone
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichloromethane
Diesel Exhaust
Diethyl phthalate
Dioxins and Furans
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE)(2-Butoxyethanol)
CAS Number
811-97-2
71-55-6
92-52-4
106-93-4
95-50-1
106-99-0
51-28-5
91-57-6
95-48-7
106-44-5
83-32-9
75-07-0
67-64-1
98-86-2
107-02-8
7664-41 -7
120-12-7
7440-36-0
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
56-55-3
100-52-7
71-43-2
50-32-8
205-99-2
207-08-9
65-85-0
7440-41 -7
7440-42-8
74-83-9
85-68-7
7440-43-9
75-1 5-0
56-23-5
7782-50-5
108-90-7
67-66-3
1 6065-83-1
1 8540-29-9
218-01-9
41 70-30-3
98-82-8
1 1 0-82-7
108-94-1
117-81-7
53-70-3
84-74-2
75-09-2
84-66-2
100-41-4
111-76-2
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Compound Name
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Formaldehyde
Furfural
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, mixture (Dioxin/Furans)
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen sulfide
lndeno[1 ,2,3-cd]pyrene
Lead and compounds (inorganic)
Manganese
Mercury, elemental
Methanol
Methyl chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl isobutyl Ketone (MIBK)
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Molybdenum
Naphthalene
Nickel compounds
n-Hexane
Nitrate
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodi-N-propylamine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
Phosphorus
Phthalic anhydride
Pyrene
Selenium and compounds
Silver
Strontium
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Vanadium
Xylenes
Zinc and compounds
CAS Number
206-44-0
86-73-7
50-00-0
98-01-1
1 9408-74-3
74-90-8
7783-06-4
193-39-5
7439-92-1
7439-96-5
7439-97-6
67-56-1
74-87-3
78-93-3
108-10-1
1634-04-4
7439-98-7
91-20-3
110-54-3
1 4797-55-8
55-1 8-5
62-75-9
924-1 6-3
621-64-7
930-55-2
87-86-5
108-95-2
7723-14-0
85-44-9
129-00-0
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
7440-24-6
100-42-5
127-18-4
108-88-3
75-69-4
1314-62-1
1330-20-7
7440-66-6
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Nonroad references
Table 5 lists the seven nonroad references that were reviewed by Environ, and the engines and
fuels listed in each:
Table 5. Nonroad references studied by Environ in Phase II and
Nonroad
Reference
Number
47
170
175
184
187
190
191
Mobile Source
Characteristics
Hercules GTA 3.7 L Medium
Duty CNG Engine
5 in-use small lawn and garden
equipment engines
Six marine vessels
5 off-road gasoline engines
tested (out of these, only 2 were
tested for unregulated
emissions)
Six Locomotives (3 EMD and 3
GE engines) and DDC Series 60
test engine
16 jet engines, 2 helicopter
engines, and 2 auxiliary power
units (APUs)
fifteen nonroad diesel engines
were tested (construction, utility
and agricultural equipment
applications)
Test Fuel Characteristics
95.6mol% methane CNG fuel
emissions grade, unleaded,
certification gasoline
Fuel Oil and Gas Oil
Phase II Gasoline and LPG
4 Diesel Fuels (GARB Fuel, On-
Highway Fuel, High Sulfur
Nonroad, 0.3% Sulfur Nonroad)
military JP-8 jet fuel
Certification-grade Type-2D
diesel fuel, high-sulfur Nonroad-
2D diesel fuel, California 2D fuel,
clean emissions control diesel
(ARCO "ECD" fuel)
Description of files
The file "MSAT Master List Template Tables_ENVIRON_PhIII.xls" contains data from the
literature review from both phases of the work, with the following worksheets (as described in
the previous section):
Master List
Bibliography
Testing Methods
Test Fuel
Test Vehicle or Engine
The file "IRIS_MasterList_xref.xls" contains the data extracted from the IRIS database, and the
cross reference of this information with the Master List. It contains the following worksheets
"IRIS" - all the data extracted from EPA's IRIS database (from html files
downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/iris/stand-al.htm)
"xref" - The cross section of compounds that are listed in the Master List and on
IRIS, (all IRIS extracted data plus the associated screening level codes from the
contractor study)
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"xref_2" - A subset of "xref' - only those compound/elements for which IRIS lists an
RfC, RfD, and/or a compound that is classifiable according to human carcinogenicity
(all IRIS extracted data plus the associated screening level codes from the NCEA
study)
"All_screen_codes" - the reported values of the screening level codes from the EPA
ORD NCEA literature search study
The file "Reference_List_PhI-III.xls" contains a full list of references. This includes studies that
were analyzed in both phases of the work, as well as a list of references that were not reviewed.
These references that were not reviewed, but which may contain Mobile Source Air Toxics, are
listed in Appendix B.
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APPENDIX A
NOTES FILE FOR REFERENCES
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STUDIES FROM WHICH DATA WERE INCORPORATED INTO THE MASTER LIST
- PHASE II
Reference #47
Nine, Ralph D., Nigel N. Clark, Brian E. Mace and Laila E.lGazzar. 1997. "Hydrocarbon
Speciation of a Lean Burn Spark Ignited Engine." SAE #972971.
Included data from tables: Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6
Units in mg/hp-hr (after conversion)
"g/mode" values were converted to "mg/bhp-hr" values using the data in Table 6
and 10 and finding conversion factors for each mode.
Reference #48
Whitney, K. Bailey, B. 1994. "Determination of Combustion Products from Alternative Fuels -
Part I: LPG and CNG Combustion Products." SAE #941903.
Included data from tables: Table 6, Appendix Table 2,3,4
Units in mg/mi
This reference included 3 fuel types (LPG, CNG and RFG) - so only compounds
were marked (with an X) that were emitted by each particular fuel.
Reference #50
Benson, J.; Koehl, W.; Burns, V.; Hochhauser, A.; Knepper, J.; Leppard, W.; Painter, L.; Rapp,
L.; Reuter, R.; Rippon, B.; Rutherford, J. 1995. "Emissions with E85 and Gasolines in
Flexible/ Variable Fuel Vehicles - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research
Program." SAE #952508.
Included data from tables: Appendix 3,4,5,6
Units in mg/mi
Appendix 8 contained Hot Soak Evaporative emissions data as g/test values.
Thus, no emission rate data was included from this Appendix, instead, for these
compounds, the box for "Gas-Evap" was checked.
Reference #53
Schauer, James J.; Kleeman, Michael J., Cass, Glenn R. and Bernd R.T. 2002. "Simoneit
Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 5. Cl - C32 Organic
Compounds from Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles." Env. Sci & Tech. 36(36), 1169-
1180.
Included data from Table 2, Table 3
Units in mg/mi
Table 3 had gas phase and particle phase data- the minimum and maximum
emission rates for both phases together were calculated for inclusion into the
master list
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Only compounds present in exhaust were included - and not ones only present in
the gasoline itself (i.e. did not include 2,2-dimethyl propane, 2,2,4-
trimethylhexane, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1,3-butadiene, ethylcyclohexane,
isopropyl benzene, naphthalenecarboxaldehydes)
For data in Table 2 (fine-particle chemical composition) - only those values that
were greater than zero by at least 2 standard errors were included into the master
list (these were labeled in bold in the paper). Data in Table 2 was reported as a
wt% of fine particle mass, so no emission rates were included
Did not include the following records due to lack of specificity (Cl-MW 202
PAH, Cl-MW 226 PAH, Cl-MW 228 PAH, C2-MW 178 PAH, C3-MW 178
PAH
Hopanes and Steranes were listed
General groups (c2-fluorene, c2-naphthalene, c3-naphthalene, c4-naphthalene)
were included as named
Reference #61
Kleeman, Michael J.; Schauer, James J. ; and Glen R. 2000. "Cass Size and Composition of
Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Motor Vehicles." Env. Sci & Tech. 34(7), 1132-
1142.
Included data from Figures 2,3,4,5,6,7
No emission rate information included
Paper includes testing from a subset of vehicles involved in References 53 and
62 - but this paper deals with a more specific elemental analysis
From figures 2 through 7, compound names (10 records) were manually copied
Emission rates were not included as they were reported as a % mass of the
particle
Reference #62
Schauer, James J.; Kleeman, Michael J., Cass, Glenn R. and Bernd R.T. 1999. "Simoneit
Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 2. Cl - C30 Organic
Compounds from Medium Duty Diesel Trucks." Env. Sci & Tech. 33(10), 1578-1587.
Included data from Tables 1, 2
Units in mg/mi
For data in Table 1 (fine-particle chemical composition) - only those values that
were greater than zero by at least 2 standard errors were included into the master
list (these were in bold in the paper). Data in this table was reported as a wt% of
fine particle mass, so no emission rates were included.
Table 2 had gas phase and particle phase data- the minimum and maximum
emission rates for both phases combined were calculated for inclusion into the
master list
Only compounds present in exhaust were included - and not ones only present in
the gasoline itself (i.e. did not include undecane).
Did not include the following records due to lack of specificity (Cl-MW 202
PAH, Cl-MW 228 PAH, C2-MW 178 PAH, C3-MW 178 PAH)
Hopanes and Steranes were listed individually
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General groups (c2-naphthalene, c3-naphthalene, c4-naphthalene) were included
as named.
Reference #87
Cadle, Steven H.; Mulawa, Patricia A.; Hunsanger, Eric C.; Nelson, Ken; Ragazzi, Ronald A.;
Barrett, Richard; Gallagher, Gerald L.; Lawson, Douglas R.; Knapp, Kenneth T.; and
Richard Snow. 1998. " Measurement of Exhaust Particulate Matter Emissions from
In-Use Light-Duty Motor Vehicles in the Denver, Colorado Area." CRC E-24-1.
Included data from Table 1, 6.9, 6.10, 6.18, 6.19, 6.30 and 6.31
Units in mg/mi
Compounds like "A-methylbiphenyl" or "G-Trimethylnaphthalene" - (this
nomenclature is a general naming convention for fused aromatic compounds)
were lumped together under a general isomer name (for instance, a- through h-
trimethylnaphthalene were just called "trimethylnaphthalene")
Table 6.29 and 6.30 had data on Hopanes and Steranes -these compounds were
included, but corresponding CAS#'s were not found.
Vehicles were tested using the as-received, on-board fuel. Vehicle fuel samples
were not collected, however -16-20 fuel samples were collected from service
stations in the area and were tested for sulfur content (Table 6.6 and 6.7)- this
information was not included in the Test Fuel Section.
Reference #92
Ullman, Terry L. Ullman; Lawrence Smith; Joseph W. Anthony; Warren J. Slodowske;
William M. Trestrail; William Bunn; Charles A. Lapin; Kenneth J. Wright; and Charles
R. Clark. 2003. "Comparison of Exhaust Emissions, Including Toxic Air
Contaminants, From School Buses in Compressed Natural Gas, Low-Emitting Diesel,
and Conventional Diesel Engine Configurations." SAE #2003-01-1381.
Included data from Tables 7,11,13,14
Units in mg/mi
Table 14 contained data for dioxins and furans -only those compounds that were
detected above the detection limit were included, as well as a group named
"dioxins and furans"
Also included group named "cyanide compounds"
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Reference #95
Lev-On, Miriam; Chuck LeTavec; Ken Kimura; Jim Uihlien; Teresa Alleman; Doug Lawson;
Keith Vertin; Gregory Thompson; Nigel Clark; Mridul Gautam; Scott Wayne; Barbara
Zielinska; John Sagebiel; Sougato Chatterjee; Kevin Hallstrom; Robert A. Okamoto;
Paul Rieger; Gary M. Yee. 2002. "Speciation of Organic Compounds From the
Exhaust of Trucks and Buses: Effect of Fuel and After-Treatment on Vehicle Emission
Profiles." SAE #2002-01-2873.
Included data from tables 3-11
Units in mg/mi
In Table 3 in the paper, a list of all detected 95 NMHC's is included without
emission rates. Thus, these compounds were included into the Master List with
no emission rate info.
The paper refers to a "data archive being developed for the study" which contains
more extensive data and emission rates for all the compounds detected - for this
project, only the compounds listed in the paper were included.
Dioxins and Furans were tested, but the report states that "None of the samples
showed any positive hits above the detection limit" - so none were included into
the Master List
In tables, changed "0" emissions to "Not Detected"
In Tables 4 and 5 used "Test-Uncorrected" Data
Informationon drive cycle, vehicles and fuels obtained from Reference #93
For CNG fuel properties, took average of replicate test results (Table 2, Ref 93)
Reference #98
Ball, James; Charles A. Lapin; Janet P. Buckingham; Edwin A. Frame; Douglas M. Yost;
Manuel Gonzalez; Eleanor M. Liney; Mani Natarajan; James P. Wallace; John A.
Garbak. 2001. "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel Fuel: Part 1. the Effect of Fuels and
Engine Operating Modes on Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas/Solid Phase
PAH." SAE #2001-01-3627.
Included data from Tables 6,7,8,10
Units in mg/hp-hr
Reference #99
Ball, James; Charles A. Lapin; Janet P. Buckingham; Edwin A. Frame; Douglas M. Yost;
Manuel Gonzalez; Eleanor M. Liney; Mani Natarajan; James P. Wallace; John A.
Garbak. 2001. "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel Fuel: Part 2. the Effect of Fuels on
Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas/Solid Phase PAH Using a Composite of
Engine Operating Modes." SAE #2001-01-3628.
Included data from Tables 3,4,5,6
Units in mg/hp-hr
Diesel HC was considered the same as Diesel VOC in this and following papers
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Reference #100
Ball, James; Charles A. Lapin; Janet P. Buckingham; Edwin A. Frame; Douglas M. Yost;
Manuel Gonzalez; Eleanor M. Liney; Mani Natarajan; James P. Wallace; John A.
Garbak. 2001. "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel Fuel: Part 3. the Effect of Pilot Injection,
Fuels and Engine Operating Modes on Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas/Solid
Phase PAH." SAE #2001-01-3630.
Included data from Tables 2,3,4,6
Units in mg/hp-hr
Reference #101
Siegl, Walter O.; Travis J. Henney; Mark Guenther. 2000. "Identifying Sources of Evaporative
Emissions-Using Hydrocarbon Profiles to Identify Emission Sources." SAE #2000-01-
1139.
Included data from Table 4
Units were in ppmC, so only names included in master list
The data was in units of ppmC (since it was measurements of diurnal emissions)
- these were listed in the master list without emission rate
Paper had very detailed Fuel Speciation data - but this was not included into the
Master List spreadsheet (since no similar fields)
Paper did not have very much information on types and numbers of vehicles
tested
Reference #102
Sharp, Chris A.; Steve Howell; Joe Jobe. 2000. "The Effect of Biodiesel Fuels on Transient
Emissions From Modern Diesel Engines-Part li: Unregulated Emissions and Chemical
Characterization." SAE #2000-01-1968.
Included data from tables: Table Al through A12
Units in mg/hp-hr
Dealing with "trace" - it was decided that anything below the detection limit is
not entered into the Mater List, and anything reported as trace emissions will be
listed in the Master List, but without emission rate information.
CAS#s could not be found for all the new compounds to the list, so some were
left blank
Reference #115
Silva, Philip J.; Kimberly A. Prather. 1997. "On-line Characterization of Individual Particles
from Automobile Emissions." Env. Sci & Tech. 31(11), 3074-3080.
Included data from Table 1
Author assigned MS peaks to various compounds - so some records are listed as
"sulfates or phosphates", "anthracene/phenanthrene", etc
Emission rates not given in mg/mi, so compounds are listed in master list without
emission rate information
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Reference #131
Sweeney, Edward G.; John H. Baudino; Carolyn H. Schmidt. 1992. "Composition of Gasoline
Vehicle EmissionsAn Analytical Speciation Program." SAE #922253.
Included data from Appendix A
No emission rate information reported
Paper references "Table 2" with emission rate information, and "Appendix B"
with aldehyde/ketone information, but these were not found in the hard copy.
Instead, only names of compounds listed in Appendix A (C3-C12's) and in the
text of paper were included, without emission rate information
27 of the new compounds listed were co-elutes (two or more species that eluted
together and listed with a "+" sign)
Note: deleted record for 2,2,4-Trimethylpentene-l (no such structure exists- due
to typo in paper)
Reference #138
Pakko, James D.; Andrew A. Adamczyk; Walter O. Siegl; Robert J. Pawlowicz. 1994.
"Measurements of Total and Speciated Hydrocarbon Removal From Engine Exhaust
Using Activated Carbon." SAE # 941999.
Included data from Table 1
Units were in ppmC, so only names included in Master List
Emissions were reported as ppmC, but these were not converted to g/mi.
Instead, compound names (but no emission rate information) were included into
the Master List, and compounds with zero reported emissions were not included
into the Master List
The paper did not have much fuel property data, but did have very detailed GC
speciation data for the 2 fuels - from this only benzene was included into the
Master List's test fuel page (since this was the only compound that was listed as
ppmC%)
Reference #147
Leppard, William R.; Larry A. Rapp; Vaughn R. Burns; Robert A. Gorse, Jr.; Jay C. Knepper;
William J. Koehl. 1992. "Effects of Gasoline Composition on Vehicle Engine-Out and
Tailpipe Hydrocarbon EmissionsThe Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research
Program". SAE #920329. Pp. 435-459.
Included data from Tables 5,7 and Figures 10,11,12,13
Emissions were listed in Figures 10,11,12 in bar charts only - only names of
toxic compounds were included in Master List, no emission rate
Names were taken off of bar charts (Fig 10,11,12&13) manually from the
converted word file
Paper contained detailed fuel speciation data
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Reference #155
Howes, Peter and Greg Rideout. N. "Evaluation of Biodiesel in an Urban Transit Bus Powered
by a 1988 DDECII6V92 TA Engine." MSED #95-26743-1.
Included data from Tables 6-20 (PM and VOC), and Appendix B (aldehydes and ketones)
Units in mg/mi
Author Greg Rideout was contacted for electronic data - he replied and stated
that due to a major server crash, all the electronic data was lost. Because the
quality of the hard copy and pdf was so poor -none of the data in Appendix D:
Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis was included.
No detailed test fuel data given
Reference #166
Gautam, Mridul; Nigel Clark; W. Scott Wayne; Gregory Thompson; Donald W. Lyons; Wesley
C. Riddle; Ralph D. Nine; Benjie Staggs; V. Andy Williams; Timothy Hall; Sairam
Thiagarajan. 2003. "Heavy-Duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emissions
Inventory, Air Quality Modeling, Source Apportionment and Air Toxics Emissions
Inventory." CRC E-55/E-59.
Included data from Appendix E (and manually from tables 17,18,21-24,26- 28 for HC, PM data)
Units in mg/mi
Electronic data was obtained from the author, and this contained all the data in
Appendix E that was needed
Tables 17-28 were manually examined to get "diesel VOC" and "diesel
particulate matter" data in mg/mile
Similar to reference 87, isomers such as b-trimethylnaphthalene were named
simply as "trimethylnaphthalene"
The data included VOC, Carbonyls, Polar Compounds, methane, high alkanes,
TENAX samples, Hopanes and Steranes, PAH, Nitro PAH, Nitrosoamines, and
inorganics
Everything but NitroPAH had emissions in mg/mi - for NitroPAH, units were in
g/cycle, for these no emission rate information was included into the Master List
In the study, only the first three vehicles were analyzed in detail for unregulated
emissions (toxics)- so just these three vehicles were listed in the "Test Vehicle"
page, and the three fuel samples into the "Test Fuel" page
Reference #170
Carroll, James N. 1991. "Emission Tests of In-Use Small Utility Engines - Task III Report
Non-Road Source Emission Factors Improvement." SwRI #3426-006.
Included data from Table 6,7
Units in mg/hp-hr
In the Appendix, author had included detailed data by each test mode - but in the
current analysis only summary tables (table 6,7) were used.
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Reference #173
Kado, N. Y., P. A. Kuzmicky, K.L. Kiefer, R.L. Maddalena, Tung-Liang Huang, R. A. Okamoto.
1998. "Exposure to Emissions from Alternative Fuel Combustion: Bioassay and
Chemical Analyses of the Particle and Semi-Volatile Emissions from Hydrogenated
Biodiesel Fuels."
Included data from Table II-1 (particulate phase PAHs), Table III-2 (vapor-phase PAHs) and
Table III-3 (Nitro-PAHs)
Units in mg/hp-hr
Minimum and maximum emission rates were calculated using data from both
phases
In Table III-3 (Nitro-PAHs) - only two compounds were detected above the
detection limit
No detailed fuel informationgiven (paper states that fuels are specified and
described in the Caterpillar report on the regulated emissions)
Reference #175
Lloyd's Register. 1995. "Lloyd's Register Work in Marine Based Air Pollution and Its
Relationship to Other Work in the Field."
Included data from Tables 13, 14, 15
No emission rate information in appropriate units given
Data was given in units of ug/m3 - so no emission rates added to
No detailed fuel or vessel information given
Paper had limited bibliographic information (cited as Lloyd's Register)
From table 15, "Dioxins and Furans" were reported as group
Emissions type labeled as "Other - Exh" in master list
Reference #177
Norbeck, J., T.D. Durbin, TJ. Truex. 1998. "Characterization of Particulate Emissions from
Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles."
Included data from Table ES-10 and Table 18
Units in mg/mi
From table ES-10 - only included those compounds that had averages at least
twice the average uncertainty (marked in bold in the paper)
Note: only used nonzero minimum emission rates (if minimum rate reported was
less than or equal to zero, used average rate instead)
Compounds such as "a-methylfluorene" are named as "methylfluorene", etc
For fuel information(from Table 2) - data was averaged between both sets of
analyses
Vehicle informal!onwas only listed from those 10 vehicles that had detailed
speciation data (List from Appendix O and Table ES-9)
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Reference #180
Sharp, C. A. 1996. "Emissions and Lubricity Evaluation of Rapeseed Derived Biodiesel
Fuels." Final Report. SwRI #7507.
Included data from Tables 3,6,7, and Appendix B
Units in mg/hp-hr
Heavy HC data was qualitative only - so no emission rates were included for
these compounds
For Appendix B (C1-C12 Speciation data)- the tables were manually examined,
and compounds that had nonzero emissions for at least one test were selected for
inclusion into Master List - (without emission rate information)
Emissions were marked as "Diesel-Exhaust" - (all biodiesel data was marked as
"diesel")
Reference #183
Truex, Dr. T.J., Dr. J. M. Norbeck, M.R. Smith, J. Arey, N. Kado, B. Okamoto, K.Kiefer, P.
Kuzmicky, I. Holcomb. 1998. "Evaluation of Factors that Affect Diesel Exhaust
Toxicity."
Included data from Summary Tables 1-8
Units in mg/hp-hr
Used weighted total emission rates in summary tables
Dioxins and Furans were detected (p. xx of executive summary) and in Figure 1,
but no emission rates were given in needed units) - the group "dioxins and
furans" was included into the master list with no emission rate.
Fuel informationwas taken from Table 2 - (analysis from Core Labs was used
since this was the most detailed dataset)
Reference #184
White, J., M.N. Ingalls, J.N.Carroll, L. Chan. 1999. "Three-Way Catalyst Technology for Off-
Road Equipment Powered by Gasoline and LPG Engines."
Included data from Appendix B (p. 161-164, 175-182,191-198), Appendix C (p.211-214, 219-
222), and Appendix D (p.233-236)
Units in mg/hp-hr
Data tables (36pgs) were scanned and imported to excel and double-checked for
importing errors
No vehicle information given (CARB kept manufacturer ID confidential)
Reference #187
Fritz, Steven G. 2000. "Diesel Fuel Effects on Locomotive Exhaust Emissions."
Included data from Tables 6,9,12,13,14,15,17,19, & App. K
Units in mg/hp-hr
Numbered Reference as #187 - this was one of the add-ons to the original list
Tables were directly obtained from author, Steve Fritz
32
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November 2004
NV I RO N
There were pages of detailed test data in the appendices, only composite
emissions data in summary tables were included
Detailed emissions from six locomotive engines, as well as one DDC test engine
(PM and HC from four test fuels) were included
For metal particulate data - only Chromium was detected - and emission rate
information was not included into the master list as it was reported in mg/hr
for sulfates data - emissions were reported as "composite 'wet' sulfate emissions"
where "wet" Sulfate = "dry" sulfate x
In Table 14, PAH data -an emissions value of zero was assumed to mean that the
compound was "not detected"
Reference #188 CARB database
CARB (Project Engineer: Jerry Ho, Alternate Project Engineer: David Lee). "CARB Vehicle
Surveillance Program Database, Series 17, Project 2S03C1."
Included data from VEDSDBA_EXH_SPECIES, and VEDSBA_DILUTE
Units in mg/mi
Reference was numbered as #188 - this was one of the add-ons to the original
list
Speciation data was obtained from database table "VEDSDBA_EXH_SPECIES",
all zero records were removed, and file was saved as
"VEDSBA_EXH_SPECIES_nonzero.xls". Methane data from table
"VEDSBA_DILUTE" was also included.
Vehicles: The TEST_ID field was obtained from
the"VEDSDBA_EXH_SPECIES" table, and this was matched to "VEHJD" field
in the "VEDSDBA_TEST_GEN_INFO" table. Vehicle data was obtained from
table "VEDSDBA_VEH_PC". (As of 7/15/04 - some of the vehicle data was
missing in the database (vehicles 6000-7000), so all available data was included
into master list with a comment)
Fuels: The TESTJD field was obtained from the "VEDSDBA_EXH_SPECIES"
table, this was matched to the "FUEL_TYPE", "BATCHJD" and
"FUEL_SMP_ID" fields in the "VEDSDBA_TEST_GEN_INFO" table. Fuel
data was taken from "VEDSDBA FUEL PROPERTY"
Reference #189
Three SULEV vehicles tested for DOE and EPA at SwRI. "Assignment Title: "Characterization
of Exhaust Emissions from California-Certified SI SULEVs". 2004
Included data from files: "Ford Focus speciation summary.xls", "Honda Accord speciation
summary.xls", "Nissan Sentra speciation summary.xls", "speciation det limits - LA92 UDC.xls"
Units in mg/mi
Reference was numbered as #189 - this was one of the add-ons to the original list
Assumed methane was detected above the detection limit (as no value was
specified in the file)
Did not include compounds reported as "unidentified C5 olefins" for inclusion
into the Master List.
Only included those composite emission rates for which at least one bag was
33
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November 2004
NV I RO N
above the detection limit - took Minimum and Maximum of all valid composite
emission rates
For this data - the GC peak was split equally between co-elutes in the tables, it is
this value that is included in master list
STUDIES FROM WHICH DATA WERE INCORPORATED INTO THE MASTER LIST
- PHASE III
Ref#190-
Gerstle, Thomas; Virage, Peter; Kimm, Maj Larry; Wade, Mark. 1999.
"Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Emissions Testing: Volume 2, Detailed
Sampling Approach and Results."
Reference includes emission factors - but these were not included into master list due
to the difficulty of conversion of the data
Paper included compound names and CAS numbers, and these CAS numbers were
used in matching compounds with the Master List
Any data with the following notes were not included into the Master table
B: "Compound present in the laboratory blank greater than reporting limit"
J: "The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity because the reported
concentrations were less than the required detection limits or quality control
criteria were not met."
UJ: "The analyte was not detected above the reported sample quantitation
limit..."
bb: "The sample media blank and/or sample field blank value was two times the
sample value - sample result should be considered suspect due to
contamination"
If the species was clearly detected above the detection limit in any one test mode (i.e
idle, approach, etc.), then the species was included in the master list.
The file "Ref_190_aircraft_data.xls" contains a chart showing in which modes each
species was detected for each engine tested
Ref#191-
Helmer, Kent; Cook, Richard; Volckens, John; Baldauf, Richard; Starr, Michael. 2004.
"Regulated and Air Toxic Exhaust Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines and
Equipment."
Included data from Excel files sent by Kent Helmer
Units in mg/hp-hr
this paper referenced three studies: as was noted in the "Bibliography" page of the
Master List File
1) Starr, M.E., "Transient and Steady-State Emissions Testing of Ten Different
Nonroad Diesel Engines Using Four Fuels", SwRI # 08.03316, prepared for
CARB and EPA, 2003
34
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November 2004
NV I RO N
2) Starr, M.E., EPA's "Three Engine Program", EPA contract #68-C-98-169,
work assignments #03-05 and #02-03, "Nonroad Duty Cycle Testing for Toxic
Emissions" SwRI 08.05004.05, 2004
3) Starr, M.E., EPA's "Four In-Use Engines Program", EPA Contract #68-C-98-
158, work assignment #03-04, 2004. "Air Toxic Emissions from In-Use
Nonroad Diesel Equipment", SwRI 08.05004.04.
Data was obtained in excel format from Kent Helmer
for the 10 engine study in "sslOEng062304.xls" and
"Transient_3studies_fmal.xls"; tab "all_eng" (for the 10 engine steady state
data, only data in g/hp-hr from modes 1-7 was included - mode 8 was not
included since it was reported as g/hr)
. for the 3 and 4 engine studies in "SS3&4_brfmg.xls" tab "3 & 4 Eng" and
"Transient_3-04&3-05_fmal.xls"
It was assumed "0" emissions meant not detected
Ref#192
Collier, A.; Hillebrand, C.; Kelly, G.; Brett, S.; Elliot, G.; Blair, D.; Sturgeon, K.; Tancell, P.;
Brogan, M. 2001. "Investigation into Testing and Controlling Emissions of Hydrogen
Sulfide from Gasoline Vehicles", SAE paper 2001-01-3530.
hydrogen sulfide was the only compound from this paper
no emission rates found in paper in units needed for master list
Ref#193-
Graham, Lisa. 2003. "Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from In-Use Light Duty
Gasoline Motor Vehicles." Environment Canada , ERMD Report #99-67'.
Included data from Tables 18,19,20,25,26,29-33, 43, 46, 50, and Appendix D
Units in mg/mi
vehicle information was taken from Table 14 in the paper - (Odometer reading was
converted to miles from km)
Ref#197-
Harvey, CA; Garbe RJ; Baines TM; Somers JH; Hellman KH; Carey PM. 1983 A Study of the
Potential Impact of Some Unregulated Motor Vehicle Emissions. SAE 830987.
Emission information for hydrogen cyanide was take from Table 1 in the paper
35
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November 2004
NV I RO N
STUDIES NOT INCORPORATED INTO THE MASTER LIST
Reference #57:
Tobias, HJ; Beving, DE; Ziemann, PJ; Sakurai, H; Zuk, M; McMurry, PH; Zarling, D;
Waytulonis, R; Kittelson, D.B. 2001. "Chemical analysis of diesel engine nanoparticles
using a nano-DMA/thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer." Env. Sci &
Tech. 35(11), 2233-2243.
36
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November 2004
NV I RO N
Not included into master list due to lack of specific data
From paper - "a nano-differential mobility analyzer was used to size-select
nanoparticles from diesel engine exhaust for subsequent chemical analysis by
thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometry."
Mass Spectra are given in Figure 3 of the paper, and general assignments are
given i.e. "the spectra show an intense series of peaks at m/z 57,71,85...which are
indicative of normal and branched alkanes..."
Reference #63 - omitted since it was a tunnel study
Marr, Linsey C.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Harley, Robert A.; Miguel, Antonio H.; Hering,
Susanne V.; and S. Katharine. 1999. "Hammond Characterization of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Motor Vehicle Fuels and Exhaust Emissions." Env. Sci &
Tech. 33(18), 3091-3099.
Reference #64 - omitted since it was a tunnel study
Miguel, Antonio H.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Harley, Robert A.; and Susanne V. Hering. 1998.
"On-road Emissions of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Black Carbon
from Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles." Env. Sci & Tech. 32(4), 450-455.
Reference #74 - omitted since it contained the same data as Reference #87
Cadle, Steven H.; Mulawa, Patricia A.; Hunsanger, Eric C.; Nelson, Ken; Ragazzi, Ronald A.;
Barrett, Richard; Gallagher, Gerald L.; Lawson, Douglas R.; Knapp, Kenneth T.; and
Richard Snow. 1999. "Composition of Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Exhaust Parti culate
Matter in the Denver, Colorado Area." Env. Sci & Tech. 33(14), 2328-2339.
Reference #104
Lanning, Lisa A.; Kurt W. Smith; Chris J. Tennant. 2000. "A New Method for Diesel HC
Collection and Speciation." SAE #2000-01-2951.
Not included into master list due to lack of specific data
In Figure 4, the GC analysis of the diesel exhaust is displayed, but assignments
are given just as "nCl and up to nC2" etc... - no specific compounds were listed.
Reference #168 - omitted since it did not contain any original data
Zielinska, Barbara. 1999. "Changes in Diesel Engine Emissions." HEI Communications 7,
115-132.
Reference #169
EPA. 2002. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions."
EPA420-P-02-001.
37
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November 2004
See comments below
NV I RO N
Online database lists HC and PM biodiesel emissions, but no toxics are included
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/analysis/biodsl/biodsldb.xls
Report references two Sharp Papers (ref 180 and Ref 179), on
On p. 85 of EPA report - "For the purpose of evaluating biodiesel effects on
toxics, we focused on mobile source air toxics (MSATs) as defined in a recent
rulemaking ... 21 MSATs as shown in Table VI-A-1."
Per instruction from EPA (email on 5/17/04) -this paper will not be formally
included in the review since it is a subset of the more detailed information
available in Sharp et al - Ref 102 (Sharp, Chris A.; Steve Howell; Joe Jobe -
"The Effect of Biodiesel Fuels on Transient Emissions From Modern Diesel
Engines-Part II: Unregulated Emissions and Chemical Characterization", 2000,
SAE paper 2000-01-1968)
Reference #171 - omitted since it was a tunnel study
Gertler, A.W.; J.C. Sagebiel; W.A. Dippel; RJ. Farina. 1998. "Measurements of Dioxin and
Furan Emission Factors from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles." J. Air & Waste Mngmnt.
Assoc., 48, march, 276-278.
Reference #176 - omitted since it contained the same data as Reference #102
Sharp, C. A. 1998. "Biodiesel: Literature Search and Characterization of Exhaust Emissions as
Required under Section 21 l(b) and 21 l(e) of the Clean Air Act: Appendix 2
Characterization of Biodiesel Exhaust Emissions."
Reference #179 - omitted since it contained the same data as Reference #102
Sharp, C. A. 1998. "Characterization of Biodiesel Exhaust Emission for EPA 211 (b) - Final
Report." SwRI #08-1039.
38
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November 2004
NV I RO N
APPENDIX B
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
THAT WERE NOT REVIEWED
39
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November 2004
N V I R O N
Appendix B lists additional references that might report compounds not listed on the Master List.
Study
Code
49
51
52
54
55
56
58
Authors
Bass, E.;Bailey, B.;Jaeger, S.
Domingo, Norberto; John
Storey; Sam Lewis
Aust, Ann E , James C Ball,
Autumn A Hu, JoAnn S
Lighty, Kevin R Smith, Ann M
Straccia, John M Veranth,
and Willie C Young
Durbin, Thomas D. and
Joseph M. Norbeck
Zervas, E., Montagne, X. and
J. Lahaye
Westerholm, Roger;
Christensen, Anders;
Tornqvist, Margareta;
Ehrenberg, Lars; Rannug,
Ulf; Sjogren, Michael; Rafter,
Joseph; Soontjens, Carol;
Almen, Jacob; and Kerstin
Gragg
Molders, N; Schilling, PJ;
Wong, J; Roos, JW; Smith, IL
Title
LPG Conversion and HC
Emissions Speciation of Light-
Duty Vehicle
Hydrocarbon Speciation for Lean-
Nox Catalyst Analysis
Particle Characteristics
Responsible for Effects on
Human Lung Epithelial Cells
Effects of Biodiesel Blends and
Arco EC_Diesel on Emissions
from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel
Vehicles
Emission of Alcohols and
Carbonyl Compounds from a
Spark Ignition Engine. Influence
of Fuel and Air/Fuel Equivalence
Ratio
Comparison of Exhaust
Emissions from Swedish
Environmental Classified Diesel
Fuel (MK1) and European
Program on Emissions, Fuels and
Engine Technologies (EPEFE)
Reference Fuel: A Chemical and
Biological Characterization, with
Viewpoints on Cancer Risk
X-ray fluorescence mapping and
nicro-XANES spectroscopic
characterization of exhaust
oarticulates emitted from auto
engines burning MMT-Added
gasoline
ID#
932745
HEI 110
Journal/ Title
SAE
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Year
1993
2001
2002
2002
2002
2001
2001
Vol
36
36
35
35
Issue
8
11
9
15
Pages
1686-
1691
2414-
2421
1748-
1754
3122-
3129
Author Affiliation
Southwest Research
nst.; National
Renewable Energy
Lab., Golden, CO;
Texas Railroad
Commission
Oak Ridge National
.aboratory
Utah State University,
University of Utah,
University of
California Davis, and
-ord Motor Company
CE-CERT, University
of California -
Riverside
nstitut Francais du
Petrole, Institut de
Chimie des Surfaces
et Interfaces
Stockholm University,
Karolinska Institute!,
V1TC AB
.ouisiana State
University, University
of New Orleans,
.awrence Livermore
Mational Laboratory,
Ethyl Corporation
Sponsor
K
US DoE, Office of
Transportation
Technologies
Health Effects
Institute
South Coast Air
Quality Management
District
K
Swedish
Environmental
protection Agency,
-oundation for
Strategic
Environmental
Research - Sweden,
Swedish Cancer
Society
Center for Advanced
Vlicrostructures and
Devices - Louisiana
State University
40
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November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
59
60
65
66
67
68
69
Authors
Kean, AJ; Grosjean, E;
Grosjean, D; Harley, RA
Durbin, Thomas D.; Collins,
John R.; Norbeck, Joseph
M.; and Matthew R. Smith
Fraser, Matthew P., Cass,
Glenn R. and Bernd R.T.
Simoneit
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.;
Singer, Brett C.; Harley,
Robert A.; Kendall, Gary R.;
and Waymond Chan
Touaty, M. and B. Bonsang
Kourtidis, K.A.;Ziomas, I.e.;
Rappenglueck, B.; Proyou,
A.; and D. Basilis
Weingartner, E.; Burtscher,
H.; and U. Baltensperger
Title
On-road measurement of
carbonyls in California light-duty
vehicle emissions
Effects of Biodiesel Blends, and a
Synthetic Diesel on Emission
from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel
Vehicles
Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase
Organic Compounds Emitted
from Motor Vehicle Traffic in a
Los Angeles Roadway Tunnel
mpact of Oxygenated Gasoline
Use on California Light-Duty
Vehicle Emissions
Hydrocarbon emissions in a
lighway tunnel in the Paris Area
Evaporative traffic hydrocarbon
emissions, traffic CO and
speciated HC traffic emissions
from the city of Athens
Hydroscopic Properties of Carbon
and Diesel Soot Particles
ID#
Journal/ Title
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environments
Science &
Technology
Atmospheric
Environment
Atmospheric
Environment
Atmospheric
Environment
Year
2001
2000
1998
1996
2000
1999
1997
Vol
35
34
32
30
34
33
31
Issue
21
3
14
2
15
Pages
4198-
4204
349-355
2051-
2060
661-670
985-996
3831-
3842
2311-
2327
Author Affiliation
University of
California - Berkeley,
DGA, Inc.
CE-CERT, University
of California -
Riverside
California Institute of
Technology, Oregon
State University
University of
California - Berkeley;
Bay Area Air Quality
Vlanagement District
.aboratoire des
Sciences du Climat et
de I'Environment
Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki,
University of Munich
ETH-Zurich, Paul
Scherrer Institute
Sponsor
University of
California
Transportation
Center, Health Effects
nstitute, Chevron
Products Co., Bay
Area Air Quality
Vlanagement District
South Coast Air
Quality Management
District
Electrical Power
Research Institute
US DoT, Cal-DOT,
UC Transportation
Center
Agence de
'Environment et de la
Vlaitrise de I'Energie,
Institut National des
Sciences de I'Univers,
Centre National de la
Recherche
Scientifique,
Commissariat a
'Energie Atomique
European Union
AC Laboratorium
Spiez
41
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November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
70
71
72
73
75
Authors
Magnusson, Roger; Nilsson,
Calle; and Barbo Andersson
Cardone, Massimo; Prati,
Vlaria Vittoria; Rocco,
Vittorio; Seggiani, Maurizia;
Senatore, Adolfo; and Sandra
Vitolo
Bishop, Gary A.; Morris,
Jerome A.; and Donald H.
Stedman
Baum, MarcM.; Kiyomiya,
Eileen S.; Kumar, Sasi;
Lappas, Anastasios M.;
Kapinus, Vadym A.; Harry C.
Lord III
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.;
Singer, Brett C.; Harley,
Robert A.; Kendall, Gary R.;
and James M. Hesson
Title
Emissions of Aldehydes and
Ketones from a Two-Stroke
Engine Using Ethanol and
Ethanol-Blended Gasoline as
Fuel
Brassica carinata as an
Alternative Oil Crop for the
Production of Biodiesel in Italy:
Engine Performance and
Regulated and Unregulated
Exhaust Emissions
Snowmobile Contributions to
Vlobile Source Emissions in
Yellowstone National Park
Vlulticomponent Remote Sensing
of Vehicle Exhaust by Dispersive
Absorption Spectroscopy. 2.
Direct On-Road Ammonia
Vleasurements
Impact of California Reformulated
Gasoline on Motor Vehicle
Emissions. 2. Volatile Organic
Compound Speciation and
Reactivity
ID#
Journal/ Title
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environments
Science &
Technology
Environments
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Year
2002
2002
2001
2001
1999
Vol
36
36
35
35
33
Issue
8
21
14
18
2
Pages
1656-
1664
4656-
4662
2874-
2881
3735-
3741
329-336
Author Affiliation
Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences,
Umea University
Universita Federico II
di Napoli, Institute
Motor! CNR,
Universita di Roma
Tor Vergata",
Universita di Pisa
University of Denver
Oak Crest Institute of
Science, California
nstitute of
Technology, Air
InstrumentsS
Vleasurements, Inc.
University of
California - Berkeley;
Bay Area Air Quality
Vlanagement District
Sponsor
Center for
Environmental
Research in Umea,
The Swedish Council
:or Work Life
Research
European Community
3roject Interreg II
Toscana/Corsica
US DOE Western
Regional Bioenergy
3rogram, National
Park Service,
International
Snowmobile
Vlanufacturers
Association, West
Yellowstone Chamber
of Commerce, Town
of West Yellowstone,
Environmental
Systems Products,
nc., Montana Dept. of
Environmental.
Quality, Yellowstone
Foundation
Vlobile Source Air
^Dilution Reduction
Review Committee
UC Transportation
Center, CARB
42
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
76
77
78
79
80
Authors
Zayed, Joseph; Hong,
Bande; Gilles L'Esperance
Venkataraman, Chandra;
Lyons, James M.; and
Sheldon K. Friedlander
Sagebiel, John C.; Zielinska,
Barbara; Pierson, William R.;
and Alan W. Gertler
Gertler, Alan W.; Fujita, Eric
M.; Pierson, William R.; and
David N. Wittorff
Tsai, Jium-Horng; Liu, Yu-
Yin; Yang, Chang-Yu;
Chiang, Hung-Lung; and Li-
Peng Chang
Title
Characterization of Manganese-
Containing Particles Collected
from the Exhaust Emissions of
Automobiles Running with MMT
Additive
Size Distribution of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and
Elemental Carbon. 1. Sampling,
Vleasurement Methods, and
Source Characterization
Real-world Emissions and
Calculated Reactivities of Organic
Species from Motor Vehicles
Apportionment of NMHC Tailpipe
vs. Non-tailpipe Emissions in the
Fort McHenry and Tuscarora
Vlountain Tunnels
Volatile Organic Profiles and
Photochemical Potentials from
Vlotorcycle Engine Exhaust
ID#
Journal/ Title
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environments
Science &
Technology
Atmospheric
Environment
Atmospheric
Environment
J. Air & Waste
Vlanagement
Association
Year
1999
1993
1996
1996
2003
Vol
33
28
30
30
53
Issue
19
4
12
12
Pages
3341-
3346
555-562
2287-
2296
2297-
2305
51 6-522
Author Affiliation
University of
Montreal, Ecole
3olytechnique de
Vlontreal
UCLA
Desert Research
Institute
Desert Research
Institute
Mational Cheng-Kung
University, Fooyin
nstitute of
Technology, U-Tech
Technology Corp.
Sponsor
Vlinistere des
Ressources
Maturelles du Quebec
US EPA
Coordinating
Research Council, US
DOE NREL, Auto/Oil
Air Quality
mprovement
Research Program,
US EPA, University
Corporation for
Atmospheric
Research
Coordinating
Research Council, US
DOE NREL, Auto/Oil
Air Quality
mprovement
Research Program,
US EPA, University
Corporation for
Atmospheric
Research
Mational Science
Council Taiwan
43
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
81
82
83
84
85
Authors
Zielinska, Barbara; Sagebiel,
John C.; Harshfield, Gregory;
Gertler, Alan W.; and William
R. Pierson
Duffy, Bronwyn and Peter F.
Nelson
Sjogren, Michael; Li, Hang;
Rannug, Ulf; and Roger
Westerholm
VIcLaren, R; Singleton, D.L.;
Lai, J.Y.K; Khouw, B.; Singer,
E.;Wu,Z.;andH. Niki
Gertler, Alan W.; Gillies, John
A.; Pierson, William R.;
Rogers, C. Fred; Sagebiel,
John C.; Abu-Allaban,
Mahmoud; Coulombe,
William; Tarnay, Leland; and
Thomas A. Cahill
Title
Volatile Organic Compounds up
to C20 Emitted from Motor
Vehicles; Measurement Methods
Non-Methane Exhaust
Composition in the Sydney
Harbour Tunnel: A Focus on
Benzene and 1,3-Butadiene
Vlultivariate Analysis of Exhaust
Emissions from Heavy-Duty
Diesel Fuels
Analysis of Motor Vehicle
Sources and Their Contribution to
Ambient Hydrocarbon
Distributions at Urban Sites in
Toronto During the Southern
Ontario Oxidants Study
Real-World Particulate Matter and
Gaseous Emissions from Motor
Vehicles in a Highway Tunnel
ID#
HEI 107
Journal/ Title
Atmospheric
Environment
Atmospheric
Environment
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Atmospheric
Environment
n "Emissions
:rom Diesel
and Gasoline
Engines
Measured in
Highway
Tunnels"
Year
1996
1996
1996
1996
2002
Vol
30
30
30
30
Issue
12
15
1
12
Pages
2269-
2286
2759-
2768
38-49
2219-
2232
5-56
Author Affiliation
Desert Research
Institute
CSIRO - Division of
Coal and Energy
Technology
Stockholm University
Mational Research
Council Canada, York
University
Desert Research
nstitute, University of
Mevada - Reno,
University of
California - Davis,
Sponsor
Coordinating
Research Council, US
DOE NREL, Auto/Oil
Air Quality
mprovement
Research Program,
US EPA, University
Corporation for
Atmospheric
Research
K
Swedish
Environmental
protection Agency
3anel on Energy
Research and
Development and
Transport Canada,
Ontario Ministry of
Environment and
Energy, Atmospheric
Environment Service,
Mational Science and
Engineering Research
Council
Health Effects
nstitute
44
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
86
88
89
90
91
Authors
Grosjean, Daniel and Eric
Grosjean
Bagley, Susan T. and Linda
D. Gratz
Bagley, Susan T.; Watts, Jr.,
Winthrop F.; Johnson, Jason
P.; Kittelson, David B.,
Johnson, John H. and James
J Schauer
Bagley, Susan, Linda D.
Gratz, John.H. Johnson, and
Joseph F. McDonald
Knapp, Kenneth; Steven H.
Cadle; Silvestre Tejada;
Douglas R. Lawson; Richard
Snow; Barbara Zielinska;
John Sagebiel; Jacob
McDonald
Title
Airborne Carbonyls from Motor
Vehicle Emissions in Two
Highway Tunnels
Evaluation of Biodiesel Fuel and
a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst in an
Underground Metal Mine, Part 3 -
Biological and Chemical
Characterization
mpact of low-emission diesel
engines on underground mine air
quality
Effects of an Oxidation Catalytic
converter and a Biodiesel Fuel on
the Chemical, Mutagenic, and
Particle Size Characteristics of
Emissions from a Diesel Engine
Central Carolina Vehicle
Particulate Emissions Study
ID#
HEI 107
2003-01 -0299
Journal/ Title
n "Emissions
from Diesel
and Gasoline
Engines
Vleasured in
Highway
funnels"
Environmental
Science &
Technology
SAE
Year
2002
1998
2002
1998
2003
Vol
32
Issue
9
Pages
57-78
1183-
1191
Author Affiliation
DGA, Inc.
Vlichigan
Technological
University
Vlichigan
Technological
University, University
of Minnesota,
University of
Wisconsin - Madison
Vlichigan
Technological
University, University
of Minnesota
US EPA, General
Motors R&D, National
Renewable Energy
.aboratory, Clean Air
Vehicle Technology
Corp., Desert
Research Institute
Sponsor
Health Effects
Institute
Diesel Emissions
Evaluation Program
(DEEP) Technical
Committee
Mational Institute for
Occupational Safety
and Health
USBM, National
Biodiesel Board,
Agricultural Utilization
Research Institute,
US Department of
Agriculture - CSRS
Coordinating
Research Council, US
DOE NREL
45
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
93
94
96
97
103
Authors
Lev-On, Miriam; Chuck A.
Letavec; Jim Uihlein; Teresa
L. Alleman; Keith D. Vertin;
Douglas Lawson; Gregory J.
Thompson; Mridul Gautam;
Scott Wayne; Barbara
Zielinska and John Sagebiel,
Sougato Chatterjee; Kevin
Hallstrom
Kean, Andrew J.; Robert F.
Sawyer; Robert A. Harley;
Gary R. Kendall
Gillies, J.A.; A.W. Gertler;
J.C. Sagebiel; W.A. Dippel
Pitkanen, Mikko; Keijo
Torkkell; Anu Jantti; Sari
Laanti;Tuomo Lapinlampi;
Esa Elonen
Saitoh, Katsumi; Koichiro
Sera; Tadashi Shirai; Tatsuji
Sato; Matsuo Odaka
Title
Chemical Speciation of Exhaust
Emissions From Trucks and
Buses Fueled on Ultra-Low-Sulfur
Diesel and Cng
Trends in Exhaust Emissions
From In-Use California Light-Duty
Vehicles, 1994-2001
On-Road Particulate Matter
(PM2.5 and PM10) Emissions in
the Sepulveda Tunnel, Los
Angeles, California
Cutting the Noxious Emissions in
2-Stroke Engines
Determination of Elemental and
onic Compositions for Diesel
Exhaust Particles by Particle
Induced X-ray Emission and Ion
Chromatography Analysis
ID#
2002-01 -0432
2002-01-1713
2001 -01 -3534
Journal/ Title
SAE
SAE
Environments
Science &
Technology
SAE
Analytical
Sciences
Year
2002
2002
2001
2001
2003
Vol
35
19
Issue
6
Pages
1054-
1063
525-528
Author Affiliation
BP, National
Renewable Energy
.aboratory, West
Virginia Univ., Desert
Research Institute,
Johnson Matthey Inc.,
Engelhard Corp.
Univ. of California-
Berkeley, Bay Area
Air Quality
Vlanagement District
Desert Research
Institute
Kemira Metalkat Oy,
Technical Research
Centre of Finland,
Fortum Oil & Gas Oy,
Oulu Regional Inst. of
Occupational Health,
V1TT Agrifood
Research Finland
Environmental
Research &
Information Center of
Akita Prefecture,
Iwate Mediacal
University, Tokyo
DylecCo., Ltd.,
Mational Traffic
Safety and
Environment
Laboratory
Sponsor
South Coast Air
Quality Management
District, California Air
Resources Board
US Dept. of
Transportation, CA
Dept. of
Transportation, Bay
Area Air Quality
Vlanagement District
Coordinating
Research Council,
South Coast Air
Quality Management
District
National Technology
Agency of Finland
K
46
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Authors
Neumann, K.-H.; D.
Schurmann; P. Kohoutek; J.
Beyersdorf; A. Hartung; C.
Nagel; J. Schulze
Reynolds, E. G.; Diane E.
Hall; F. Kvinge; R. Jorgensen
Lowenthal, Douglas H.;
Barbara Zielinska; Judith C.
Chow; John G. Watson;
Mridul Guatam; Donald H.
Ferguson; Gary R. Neuroth;
Kathy D. Stevens
Andrews, G. E.; R. B Ishaq,
J. R Farrar-Khan, Y. Shen
and P.T. Williams
Cadle, Steven H.; Patricia A.
Vlulawa; James Ball; Claudia
Donase; Arnie Weibel; John
C. Sagebiel; Kenneth T.
Knapp; Richard Snow
Collier, Anthony R.; Carl A.
Jemma; Barbara Wedekind;
Diane E. Hall; Peter Heinze
Ball, James C.; Ann M.
Straccia, Willie C. Young,
Ann E. Aust
Title
Unregulated Exhaust Gas
Components of Modern Diesel
Passenger Cars
Vlethodology for Hydrocarbon
Speciation for Heavy-Duty Diesel
Engines Operating Over the
European ECE R49 Cycle
Characterization of Heavy-Duty
Diesel Vehicle Emissions
The Influence of Speciated Diesel
Fuel Composition on Speciated
Particulate SOF Emissions
Particulate Emission Rates from
n-Use High-Emitting Vehicles
Recruited in Orange County,
California
Sampling and Analysis of Vapor-
Phase and Particulate-Bound
PAH From Vehicle Exhaust
The Formation of Reactive
Oxygen Species Catalyzed by
Neutral, Aqueous Extracts of
NIST Ambient Particulate Matter
and Diesel Engine Particles
ID#
1999-01-0514
1999-01-1466
980527
982727
Journal/ Title
SAE
SAE
Atmospheric
Environment
SAE
Environments
Science &
Technology
SAE
J. Air & Waste
Vlanagement
Association
Year
1999
1999
1994
1998
1997
1998
2000
Vol
28
31
50
Issue
4
12
Pages
731-743
3405-
3412
1897-
1903
Author Affiliation
Volkswagen AG
BP Amoco, Statoil
Desert Research
nstitute, West
Virginia Univ.,
Arizona Dept. of
Environmental Quality
Univ. of Leeds
General Motors
Research and
Development Center,
Ford Motor Company,
Chrysler Corporation,
Desert Research
Institute, US EPA
Vlobile Source
Emissions Branch,
VlanTech
Environmental
Technology
Ricardo, BP Oil
International, Ltd.,
Concawe
-ord Motor Co., Utah
State Univ.
Sponsor
K
BP, Statoil
US Dept. of Energy,
Arizona Dept. of
Environmental Quality
EPSRC Grant
US EPA
Ricardo Consulting
Engineers
K
47
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
112
113
114
116
117
Authors
Gertler, Alan W.; John C.
Sagebiel; William A. Dippel,
and Michael O'Connor
Sagebiel, John C.; Barbara
Zielinska; Patricia A. Walsh;
Judith C. Chow; Steven H
Cadle; Patricia A. Mulawa;
Kenneth T. Knapp; Roy B.
Zweidinger; Richard Snow
Schmitz, Thomas; Dieter
Hassel, Franz-Josef Weber
Reisel, John R. ; Tracy A.
Kellner; Kenneth F. Neusen
Clark, Nigel N.; Christopher
VI. Atkinson; David L.
VlcKain; Ralph D. Nine; Laila
EI-Gazzar
Title
The Impact of California Phase 2
Reformulated Gasoline on Real-
World Vehicle Emissions
PM-10 Exhaust Samples
Collected during IM-240
Dynamometer Tests of In-Service
Vehicles in Nevada
Determination of VOC-
components in the exhaust of
gasoline and diesel passenger
cars
Speciated Hydrocarbon
Emissions form Small Utility
Engines
Speciation of Hydrocarbon
Emissions From a Medium-Duty
Diesel Engine
ID#
960322
Journal/ Title
J. Air & Waste
Vlanagement
Association
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Atmospheric
Environment
J. Air & Waste
Vlanagement
Association
SAE
Year
1999
1997
2000
2000
1996
Vol
49
31
34
50
Issue
1
Pages
1339-
1346
75-83
4639-
4647
522-528
Author Affiliation
Desert Research
Institute
Desert Research
nstitute, General
Victors Research and
Development Center,
US EPA Mobile
Source Emissions
Branch, ManTech
Environmental
Technology
nstitut fur Chemie
der Belasteten
Atmosphaere, TUV
Rheinland Sicherheit
jnd Umweltschultz
GmbH
University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee
West Virginia Univ.
Sponsor
Coordinating
Research Council, US
DOE NREL, Auto/Oil
Air Quality
mprovement
Research Program,
South Coast Air
Quality Management
District
General Motors
Research and
Development Center,
State of Nevada
BMBF
Wisconsin Small
Engine Consortium,
State of Wisconsin
Department of
Administration
US DoE Office of
Transportation
Technologies
48
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
118
119
120
121
Authors
Chen, Kuo Chiang; Wai K.
Cheng; Doren Jane M. Van;
James P. Murphy; Matthew
D. Hargus; Sarah A.
VlcSweeney
Rantanen, Leena; Ari Juva;
Aapo Niemi; Seppo
Vlikkonen; P\amivi Aakko;
Maija Lappi
Higinbotham, Erin; Bill Platz;
Wendy Clark
Gautam, Mridul; Deepak
Gupta; Laila EI-Gazzar;
Donald W. Lyons; Sriram
Popuri
Title
Time-Resolved, Speciated
Emissions From An SI Engine
During Starting and Warm-Up
Effect of Reformulated Diesel
Fuel on Unregulated Emissions of
Light-Duty Vehicles
Effect of Selected LPG Fuel
Components on Speciated
Exhaust Emissions
Speciation of Heavy-Duty Diesel
Exhaust Emissions Under
Steady-State Operating
Conditions
ID#
961955
961970
961990
9621 59
Journal/ Title
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
Year
1996
1996
1996
1996
Vol
Issue
Pages
Author Affiliation
Vlassachusetts
Institute of
Technology; College
of the Holy Cross
\leste Oy; Technical
Research Centre of
Finland
Automotive Testing
.aboratories, Inc.;
3ropane Vehicle
Council; Automotive
Testing Laboratories,
Inc.
West Virginia Univ.
Sponsor
ndustrial Consortium
for Engine and Fuel
nteractions (Chevron
Research and
Technology, Exxon
Research and
Engineering Co.,
Nippon Oil Co., Shell
Development Co.,
and Shell Research
_td.), Industrial
Consortium for
Engine Research
(Chrysler Motors
Corp., Ford Motor
Co., General Motors
Corp., Peugeot S.A.,
Regie Nationale des
Usines Renault, and
Volvo Car Corp.); US
EPA Center on
Airborne Organics
-innish Energy
Technology
^rogramme,
Technology
Development Centre
Finland (TEKES)
K
US DoE Office of
Transportation
Technologies
49
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
122
123
124
125
126
127
Authors
Crawford, John G.; James S.
Wallace
Poulsen, J. H.; J. S. Wallace
Leppard, William R.; William
J. Koehl; Jack D. Benson;
Vaughn R. Burns; Albert M.
Hochhauser; Jay C. Knepper;
Louis J. Painter; Larry A.
Rapp; Brian H. Rippon;
Robert M. Reuter; James A.
Rutherford
Siegl, W. O.; M.Zinbo; T. J.
Korniski; J. F. O. Richert; E.
Chladek; M. C. Paputa Peck;
J. E. Weir; D. Schuetzle; T.
E. Jensen
Kaiser, Edward W.; Walter O.
Siegl; Lanise M. Baidas;
Gerald P. Lawson; Carl F.
Cramer; Kelvin L. Dobbins;
Paul W. Roth; Michael
Smokovitz
Gautam, Mridul; Brian Kelly;
Deepak Gupta; Nigel Clark;
Richard Atkinson; Laila El-
Gazzar; Donald W. Lyons
Title
Engine Operating Parameter
Effects on the Speciated
Aldehyde and Ketone Emissions
From a Natural Gas Fuelled
Engine
Operating Parameter Effects on
:he Speciated Hydrocarbon
Emissions From a Natural Gas
Fueled Engine
Effects of Gasoline Properties
(TD5DO, TD9DO and Sulfur) on
Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions
of Current and Future Vehicles:
Speciation Analysis-The Auto/Oil
Air Quality Improvement
Research Program
Air Toxics: a Comparison of the
Gas- and Particle-Phase
Emissions From a High-Emitter
Vehicle With Those From a
Normal- Emitter Vehicle
Time-Resolved Measurement of
Speciated Hydrocarbon
Emissions During Cold Start of a
Spark-Ignited Engine
Sampling Strategies for
Characterization of the Reactive
Components of Heavy-Duty,
Diesel Exhaust Emissions
ID#
952500
942007
952505
940581
940963
942262
Journal/ Title
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1994
1994
Vol
Issue
Pages
Author Affiliation
University of Toronto
University of Toronto
General Motors
Research and
Development. Center,
Vlobil Technology
Co., Chrysler Motors
Corp., Exxon
Research and
Engineering Co.,
Amoco Oil Research
and Development,
Statistics PLUS,
ARCO Products Co.,
Ford Motor Co.,
Texaco, Inc., Chevron
Research and
Technology
-ord Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
West Virginia Univ.
Sponsor
Nissan Canada Inc.
Missan Canada Inc.
K
K
K
US DoE Office of
Transportation
Technologies & Office
of Alternative Fuels
50
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
128
129
130
132
133
134
135
136
137
139
Authors
Moorman, Mike T.
Kubo, Shuichi; Masami
Yamamoto; Yoshimi Kizaki;
Satoshi Yamazaki; Toshiaki
Tanaka; Kiyoshi Nakanishi
Hirota, Toshio; Kazuo
Kojima; Keiji Yakushiji;
Toshiaki Inoue
Jemma, C. A.; D. L. Lance;
P. R. Shore
Hirakouchi, Nobuyoshi; Izumi
Fukano; Hayami Nagano
Schuermann, D.; K. H. Lies;
H. Klingenberg
Hammerle, Robert H.; Walter
O. Siegl; Heiko M. Herrmann;
Bernd W. Wenclawiak
Vlikkonen, Seppo; Leena
Rantanen; Veli-Matti Alve;
Lars Nylund; Pirkko Kociba;
Kari Korhonen; Lasse
Lindroos
Lepperhoff, G.; G.
Haxthwohl, B. Laxers-Jongen
Hoekman, S. Kent
Title
The Effect of MTBE, DIPE and
TAME on Vehicle Emissions
Speciated Hydrocarbon
Emissions of SI Engine During
Cold Start and Warm-Up
Effects of Exhaust Emission
Control Devices and Fuel
Composition on Speciated
Emissions of S.I. Engines
Speciation of Hydrocarbon
Emissions From European
Vehicles
Vleasurement of Unregulated
Exhaust Emissions From Heavy
Duty Diesel Engines With Mini-
Dilution Tunnel
Unregulated Motor Vehicle
Exhaust Gas Components
A Method for the Speciation of
Diesel Fuel and the Semi- Volatile
Hydrocarbon Fraction of Diesel-
Fueled Vehicle Exhaust
Emissions
Effect of Diesel Fuel Composition
on Fork-Lift Truck Emissions
Vlethods to Analyze Non-
Regulated Emissions From Diesel
Engines
Speciated Measurements and
Calculated Reactivities of Vehicle
Exhaust Emissions from
Conventional and Reformulated
Gasolines
ID#
932668
932706
9221 80
922376
900643
902116
952353
952365
941952
Journal/ Title
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Year
1993
1993
1992
1992
1990
1990
1995
1995
1994
1992
Vol
26
Issue
6
Pages
1206-
1216
Author Affiliation
Vlobil Research and
Development Corp.
Toyota Central R&D
Labs., Inc., Toyota
Victor Corp
Nissan Motor Co.,
Ltd.
Ricardo Consulting
Engineers Ltd.
Vlitsubishi Motors
Corp., Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Volkswagen AG
Ford Motor Co.;
Universitat-GH-
Siegen
\leste Oy; Finnish
Institute of
Occupational Health;
.appeenranta
Regional Institute of
Occupational Health
-EV Mototertechnik
Chevron Research
and Technology Co.
Sponsor
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
-innish Ministry of
Trade and Industry
K
K
51
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
148
149
Authors
Mason, Grant, Jan-Ake
Gustafsson, Roger N.
Westerholm, Hang Li
Kaiser, Edward W.; Walter O.
Siegl; Yitshak I. Henig;
Richard W. Anderson;
Frederick H. Trinker
Kaiser, Edward W.; Walter O.
Siegl; David F. Cotton;
Richard W. Anderson
Kaiser, Edward W.; Walter O.
Siegl; David F. Cotton;
Richard W. Anderson
Hammerle, R.H.; D.A.
Ketcher; R.W. Horrocks; G.
Lepperhoff; G. H\axthwohl; B.
L\axers
Rantanen, Leena; Seppo
Vlikkonen; Lars Nylund;
Pirkko Kociba; Maija Lappi;
Nils-Olof Nylund
Burns, Vaughn R.; Robert M.
Reuter; Jack D. Benson;
Robert A. Gorse; Albert M.
Hochhauser; William J.
Koehl; Louis J. Painter
Franklin, Pamela M.;
Catherine P. Koshland;
Donald Lucas; Robert F.
Sawyer
Gabele, Peter A.
Title
Chemical Fractionation of
Particulate Extracts from Diesel
Vehicle Exhaust: Distribution of
Ligands and the Dioxin Receptor
Effect of Fuel Structure on
Emissions from a Spark-Ignited
Engine
Effect of Fuel Structure on
Emissions from a Spark-Ignited
Engine. 2. Naphthene and
Aromatic Fuels
Effect of Fuel Structure on
Emissions from a Spark-Ignited
Engine. 3. Olefinic Fuels
Emissions From Current Diesel
Vehicles
Effect of Fuel on the Regulated,
Unregulated and Mutagenic
Emissions of Dl Diesel Engines
Effects of Gasoline Composition
on Evaporative and Running Loss
Emissions-Auto/Oil Air Quality
Improvement Research Program
Evaluation of combustion by-
oroducts of MTBE as a
component of reformulated
gasoline
Characterization of Emissions
from a Variable
Gasoline/Methanol Fueled Car
ID#
942043
932686
920323
Journal/ Title
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environments
Science &
Technology
Environments
Science &
Technology
SAE
SAE
SAE
Chemosphere
J. Air & Waste
Vlanagement
Association
Year
1992
1991
1992
1991
1994
1993
1992
2001
1990
Vol
26
25
26
25
42
40
Issue
8
12
8
12
3
Pages
1635-
1638
2005-
2012
1581-
1586
2005-
2014
257-321
861 -872
296-304
Author Affiliation
Huddinge Hospital,
Stockholm University
Ford Motor Co.
-ord Motor Co.
-ord Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co., FEV
Vlotorentechnik
GmbH and Co.
Neste Oy, Institute of
Occupational Health,
Technical Research
Centre of Finland
Chrysler Corp.,
Texaco Inc., General
Victors Research
Labs., Ford Motor
Co., Exxon Research
and Engineering Co.,
Vlobile Research and
Development Corp.
Univ. of California -
Berkeley, Lawrence
Berkeley National
.aboratory
US EPA
Sponsor
K
K
K
K
K
-innish Ministry of
Trade and Industry
K
US Toxic Substances
Research and
Teaching Program
K
52
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
150
151
152
153
154
156
157
Authors
Zielinska, Barbara; Kochy K.
Fung
Staehelin, Johannes; Kurt
Schlapfer; Toni Burgin; Urs
Steinemann; Stefan
Schneider; Dominik Brunner;
Martin Baumle; Markus
Vleier; Cristoph Zahner;
Stephan Keiser; Werner
Stahel; Christian Keller
Lehrle, R.S.; H. West; M.L.
Wyszynski
Kayes, David and Simone
Hochgreb
Stump, Fred D.; Kenneth T.
Knapp; William D. Ray
Norbeck, Joseph M.; Thomas
D. Durbin; Timothy J. Truex
Knapp, Kenneth; Steven H.
Cadle; Silvestre Tejada;
Douglas R. Lawson; Richard
Snow
Title
The composition and
concentration of hydrocarbons in
:he range of c2 to c18 emitted
from motor vehicles
Emission factors from road traffic
from a tunnel study (Gubrist
tunnel, Switzerland). Part I:
concept and first results
On-line mass spectrometric
characterization of hydrocarbons
n engine exhaust gases
Time, Space, and Species
Resolved Measurements of
Engine-Out Hydrocarbon
Emissions from Spark-Ignited
Engines
Seasonal Impact of Blending
Oxygenate Organics with
Gasoline on Motor Vehicle
Tailpipe and Evaporative
Emissions
Measurement of Primary
Particulate Matter Emissions from
Light-Duty Motor Vehicles
Central Carolina Vehicle
Particulate Emissions Study
ID#
CRC Project E-
24-2
CRC Project E-
54
Journal/ Title
The Science
of the Total
Environment
The Science
of the Total
Environment
proceedings
ofthe
nstitution of
Mechanical
Engineers,
PartD: J.
Automobile
zngmeermg
Combustion
Science and
Technology
J. Air & Waste
Management
Association
Year
1994
1995
1995
1997
1990
1998
2000
Vol
1 46/1 47
169
209
127
40
Issue
6
Pages
281-288
141-147
307-324
333-362
872-880
Author Affiliation
Desert Research
Institute, AtmAA, Inc.
ETH-Honggerberg,
Carbotech AG, ATAL-
Zurich, Ingenieurburo
Steinemann,
3lanungsburo Jud
AG, ETH-Zurich
University of
Birmingham
Massachusetts
nstitute of
Technology
US EPA
US EPA, General
Motors R&D, National
Renewable Energy
.aboratory, Clean Air
Vehicle Technology
Corp.
Sponsor
CARB
BUWAL - Switzerland,
BBW- Switzerland,
EUROTRAC
UK Science and
Engineering Research
Council, Jaguar Cars
Die, Castrol Limited
Department of Energy
US EPA
Coordinating
Research Council,
South Coast Air
Quality Management
District
Coordinating
Research Council, US
DOENREL
53
-------
November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
Authors
Zielinska, Barbara; John
Sagebiel; Jacob McDonald
Cadle, Stephen H.; Patricial
Mulawa; Peter Groblicki;
Chris Laroo; Ronald A.
Ragazzi; Ken Nelson; Gerald
Gallagher; Barbara Zielinska
Tancell, Paul J.; Michael M.
Rhead; Robin D. Pemberton;
Jim Braven
Harley, Robert A.; Michael P.
Hannigan; Glen R. Cass
Westerholm, Roger; Almen,
Jacob; Li, Hang; Rannug, Ulf;
Egeback, Karl-Erik; and
Kerstin Gragg
Tsai, Jium-Horng; Chiang,
Hung-Lung; Hsu, Yi-Chun;
Weng, Hung-Cheng; Yang,
Chang-Yu
Bagley, Susan, Linda D.
Gratz, David G. Leddy and
John.H. Johnson
Bagley, Susan, Kirby J.
Baumgard, Linda D. Gratz,
John.H. Johnson, and David
G. Leddy
Title
Analysis of Selected Sample
Collected in the Central Carolina
Vehicle Particulate Emissions
Study
n-Use Light Duty Gasoline
Vehicle Particulate Matter
Emissions on the FTP, REP05,
and UC Cycles
Survival of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons during Diesel
Combustion
Respeciation of Organic Gas
Emissions and the Detection of
Excess Unburned Gasoline in the
Atmosphere
Chemical and Biological
Characterization of Particulate-,
Semivolatile-, and Gas-Phase-
Associated Compounds in Diluted
Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhausts: A
Comparison of Three Different
Semivolatile-Phase Samplers
The speciation of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from
motorcycle engine exhaust at
different driving modes
Characterization of Particle- and
Vapor-Phase Organic Fraction
Emissions from a Heavy-Duty
Diesel Engine Equipped with a
Particle Trap and Regeneration
Controls
Characterization of Fuel and
Aftertreatment Device Effects on
Diesel Emissions
ID#
CRC Project E-
54
CRC Project E-
46
HEI56
HEI 76
Journal/ Title
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environmental
Science &
Technology
Environments
Science &
Technology
Atmospheric
Environment
Year
2000
1999
1995
1992
1991
2003
1993
1996
Vol
29
26
25
37
Issue
11
12
2
Pages
2871-
2876
2395-
2408
332-338
2485-
2496
Author Affiliation
Desert Research
Institute
General Motors R&D,
Colorado Department
of Public Health,
Desert Research
nstitute
University of
Plymouth
California Institute of
Technology
Stockholm University,
The National
Environmental
Protection Board -
Sweden
Mational Cheng-Kung
University, Fooyin
University, Kun Shan
University of
Technology
Vlichigan
Technological
University
Vlichigan
Technological
University
Sponsor
Coordinating
Research Council, US
DOE NREL
Coordinating
Research Council
Engineering and
Physical Sciences
Research Council -
UK
K
K
K
Health Effects
Institute
Health Effects
Institute
54
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November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
167
172
174
178
181
182
185
Authors
Kohoutek, Peter
Hare, C.T.; J.J. White
Kuljukka, T., K. Savela, K.
Peltonen; S. Mikkonen, L.
Rantanen
Norbeck, J., T.D. Durbin, T.J.
Truex
Smith, J.A., D.L. Endicott and
R.R. Graze
Tanaka, S., H. Takizawa, T.
Shimizu, K. Sanse
Cooper, D.A.
Title
Characterization of Passenger
Car Emissions
Toward the Environmentally-
Friendly Small Engine: Fuel,
Lubricant, and Emission
Vleasurement Issues
Effect of Fuel Reformulation on
Diesel Particulate Emissions -
Application of DMA Adduct Test
Vleasurement of Primary
Particulate Matter Emissions from
Light-Duty Motor Vehicles
Biodiesel Engine Performance
and Emissions Testing - Final
Report - Caterpillar 3406E
Engine
Effect of Fuel Compositions on
PAH in Particulate matter Dl
Diesel Engine
Exhaust emissions from high
speed passenger ferries
ID#
HEI
Communications
7
SwRi911222
982650
982648
Journal/ Title
n "Diesel
Workshop:
Building a
Reasearch
Strategy to
Improve Risk
Assessment"
Society of
Automotive
Engineers
Society of
Automotive
Engineers
Atmospheric
Environment
Year
1999
1998
1998
1998
1998
2001
Vol
35
Issue
Pages
102-114
33-42
1-11
4189-
4200
Author Affiliation
Volkswagen AG
Southwest Research
nstitute
Finnish Institute of
Occupational Health;
Neste Oyj
.-/sntsr Tor
Environmental
Research and
Technology, U.C.
Riverside, CA
Caterpillar
Cosmo Research
Institute
Swedish
Environmental
Research Institute
Sponsor
K
Society of Automotive
Engineers
Coordinating
Research Council,
nc; South Coast Air
Quality Management
District; National
Renewable Energy
Laboratory
Mational Biodiesel
Board
Society of Automotive
Engineers
Swedish Transport
and Communciation
Ressearch Board
(KFB)
55
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November 2004
N V I R O N
Study
Code
186
194
195
196
Authors
Cooper, D.A.
Terry L. Ullman, Lawrence R.
Smith, and Joseph W.
Anthony;Warren J.
Slodowske, Bill Trestrail,
Angelita L. Cook, and William
B. Bunn;Charles A.
Lapin;Kenneth J. Wright and
Charles R. Clark
Graham, Lisa; Welburn, Colin
Durbin, Thomas D.; Norbeck,
Joseph M.
Title
Exhaust emissions from ships at
oerth
Comparison of Exhaust
Emissions, Including Toxic Air
Contaminants, From School
Buses in Compressed Natural
Gas, Low Emitting Diesel, and
Conventional Diesel Engine
Configurations
Gaseous and Particulate Matter
Emissions from
Two In-Use Urban Transit Bus
Comparison of Emissions for
Vledium-Duty Diesel Trucks
Operated on California In-Use
Diesel, ARCO's EC-Diesel, and
ARCO EC-Diesel with a Diesel
Particulate Filter
ID#
ERMD Report
#00-37
Journal/ Title
Atmospheric
Environment
Year
2003
2003
2003
2002
Vol
37
Issue
Pages
3817-
3830
Author Affiliation
Swedish
Environmental
Research Institute
Southwest Research
nstitute; International
Truck and Engine
Corporation; La pin
and Associates;
ConocoPhillips
Environmental
Technology Centre,
Emissions Research
And Measurement
Division, Environment
Canada
CE-CERT, UC
Riverside
Sponsor
3ort of Gothenburg,
Stena Line, DFDS
Seaways, Swedish
Vlaritime
Administration,
Swedish Agency for
Innovation Systems
and Swedish
Environmental
Department
Mational Renewable
Energy Laboratory;
Ford Motor Company
56
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