EPA/600/R-09/064
                                                              June 2009
            Devens 2008 Monitoring Update
        Arsenic Fate, Transport and Stability Study
 Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil and Sediment Investigation
               Fort Devens Superfund Site
                 Devens, Massachusetts
             I              O          1                a
Robert G. Ford , Steven Acree , Bob Lien , Kirk G. Scheckel ,
      Randall Ross3, Todd Luxton2, and Patrick Clark1
  USEPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory

     !Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division
         Soils and Sediments Management Branch
  Andrew W. Breidenbach Environmental Research Center
    26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268

     2Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division
               Waste Management Branch
               Center Hill Research Facility
        5995 Center Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224

    3Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division
      Applied Research and Technical Support Branch
       Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center
          919 Kerr Research Dr, Ada, OK 74820
                                                       SDMS DocID 455171

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Table of Contents                                                                    2
List of Figures                                                                       3
Notice                                                                              4

1     Introduction                                                                   5
       1.1    Site Background                                                        5
       1.2    Scope and Objectives                                                    6

2     Hydrologic Studies                                                             8
      2.1    Monitoring Network                                                     8
             2.1.1   Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Locations                8
             2.1.2   Cove Piezometers                                                9
             2.1.3   Sediment Temperature Sensors                                     9
      2.2    Recent Results                                                          9
             2.2.1   Groundwater/Surface Water Elevation Data                          9
             2.2.2   Potentiometric Surface                                           10
             2.2.3   Seepage Measurements                                           10
      2.3    Hydrologic Summary                                                   10

3     Groundwater and Surface Water Chemistry Studies                               24
      3.1    Monitoring Network                                                    24
      3.2    Recent Results                                                         24
             3.2.1   Groundwater Chemistry Trends: RSK Wells                        25
             3.2.2   Groundwater Chemistry Trends: Shepley's Hill Landfill              25
             3.2.3   Surface Water Chemistry Trends                                  26
      3.4    Chemistry Summary                                                    26
      3.5    References                                                            27

Appendix A.  Location Data                                                         30

Appendix B.  Summary of field chemistry data for groundwater sampled from RSK and
             Army wells within Red Cove  Study Area and within Shepley's Hill Landfill.   34

Appendix C.  Summary of field chemistry data for surface water sampled from within Red
             Cove adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.                                  37

Appendix D.  Summary of chemistry data for groundwater sampled from RSK wells within
             Red Cove Study Area adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.                    39

Appendix E.  Summary of chemistry data for surface water sampled from within Red Cove
             Study Area adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.                             42

Appendix F.  Groundwater elevation data used to create potentiometric surfaces.            44
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Figures

Figure 1.  Supplemental monitoring network established near Red Cove.                   12
Figure 2.  Approximate locations of the supplemental sediment temperature data loggers
          deployed within the western portion of Red Cove.                              13
Figure 3.  Locations of new piezometers installed on June 12, 2008; all manual flux meter
          deployments during calendar years 2007-2008; and all surface water locations
          sampled from a pontoon boat during calendar years 2006-2008                  14
Figure 4.  (A) Illustration of vertically nested temperature buttons deployed at piezometer
          locations PZ13 and PZ14 in Red Cove. (B) Temperature readings for buttons
          deployed during the period June 12, 2008 to September 12, 2008.                15
Figure 5.  Comparative plot of groundwater elevations at wells RSK7, RSK12, RSK15,
          RSK19, and RSK37, and surface water elevations in Red Cove at monitoring
          point STAFF 1.                                                            16
Figure 6.  Hydraulic head differences between wells screened at the water table immediately
          adjacent to Red Cove and surface water elevations measured at STAFF 1
          compared with pond stage (STAFF1).                                        17
Figure 7.  Potentiometric surface at the water table on February 12, 2008, produced using
          existing shallow wells and enhanced RSK network.                             18
Figure 8.  Potentiometric surface at the water table on April 28, 2008, produced using
          existing shallow wells and enhanced RSK network.                             19
Figure 9.  Potentiometric surface at the water table on June 10, 2008, produced using
          existing shallow wells and enhanced RSK network.                             20
Figure 10. Potentiometric surface at the water table on August 19-21, 2008, and locations of
          lake-bed piezometers in which hydraulic heads were measured in comparison to
          the pond level.                                                             21
Figure 11. Potentiometric surface at the water table on September 15, 2008, and locations of
          lake-bed piezometers in which hydraulic heads were measured in comparison to
          the pond level.                                                             22
Figure 12. Locations, dates and magnitude of water flux (ft3/day based on flux meter area of
          2.47 ft2) measured via manual deployments of the advective flux meter within
          Red Cove.                                                                23
Figure 13. Results for dissolved (<0.45 |im) NFb-N, CFL;, K, and Ca for groundwater
          sampled from RSK cluster wells, RSK water table wells, and SHL wells within
          the landfill.                                                                28
Figure 14. Comparison of major ion chemistry in groundwater sampled from screens
          completed at the water table for RSK well installations.                         29
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                                      Notice

All research projects making conclusions or recommendations based on environmental data and
funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are required to participate in the Agency
Quality Assurance Program. This project was conducted under an approved Quality Assurance
Project Plan (421-Q10-1). The procedures specified in this plan were used without exception.
Information on the plan and documentation of the quality assurance activities and results are
available from Kirk Scheckel or Robert Ford.  This report has been subjected to internal Agency
review and  has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or
commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

The following individuals are acknowledged for assistance in field sampling and laboratory
analyses: Carol Stein and Dave McTigue (Gannett Fleming, Inc.); Mark White, Lynda Callaway,
Kristie Hargrove, and Cherri Adair (USEPA/ORD-Ada); Tim Bridges and Dan Granz (USEPA-
Region 1 Laboratory) and personnel with Shaw Environmental, Inc. under Contract EP-C-08-
034.  Ginny Lombardo (RPM), Bill Brandon, and Rick Sugatt (USEPA-Region  1 Boston)
provided project guidance and coordination of on-site activities during this investigation. The
following individuals are acknowledged for critical and constructive review of this report: Ginny
Lombardo and Bill Brandon (USEPA-Region 1), Hui Liang (Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection), and Scott Jacobs (USEPA/ORD).
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1 Introduction

This document presents results from site monitoring activities during calendar year 2008 at the
Shepley's Hill Landfill Superfund site to fulfill the research objectives outlined in the proposal,
'Fate and Transport of Arsenic in an Urban, Military Watershed' (Dr. Kirk Scheckel, EPA/ORD)
and the Arsenic Fate, Transport and Stability Study QAPP and Work Plan (Draft Version 3,
Revised 9 April 2007) prepared by EPA/ORD for the Fort Devens Superfund Site Remedial
Project Manager, Ginny Lombardo (EPA/Region I). The purpose of this work was to provide
EPA Region 1 with additional data to evaluate whether site characteristics have varied from
conditions documented in the Ford et al. (2008).

1.1  Site Background

Fort Devens was established in  1917 as Camp Devens, a temporary training camp for soldiers
from the New England area. In 1931, the camp became a permanent installation and was
renamed Fort Devens.  Throughout its history, Fort Devens served as a training and induction
center for military personnel, and as a unit mobilization and demobilization site. All or portions
of this function occurred during World Wars I and II, the Korean and Vietnam conflicts, and
operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. During World War II, more than 614,000 inductees
were processed, and Fort Devens reached a peak population of 65,000.  The primary mission of
Fort Devens was to command, train, and provide logistical support for non-divisional troop units
and to support and execute Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) activities.  The installation
also supports  the Army Readiness Region and National Guard units in the New England area.
Fort Devens was selected for cessation of operations and closure under the Department of
Defense Base Realignment and  Closure Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-510).

Shepley's Hill Landfill (SHL) encompasses approximately 84 acres in the northeast corner of the
former Main Post at Fort Devens (Ford  et al., 2008; Figure A2). Shepley's Hill Landfill includes
three Areas of Contamination (AOCs): AOC 4, the sanitary incinerator; AOC 5, sanitary landfill
No. 1; and AOC 18, the asbestos cell. AOCs 4, 5, and 18 are all located within the capped area
at Shepley's Hill Landfill. The three AOCs are collectively referred to as Shepley's Hill Landfill
(USEPA, 1999). The landfill is situated between the bedrock outcrop of Shepley's Hill on the
west and Plow Shop Pond on the east.  Nonacoicus Brook, which drains Plow Shop Pond, flows
through a low-lying wooded area to the north of the landfill.

The southern  end of the landfill borders the former Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office
(DRMO) yard. There was an exposed bedrock knob in this area southwest of the landfill, just
north of Market Street, and a second exposed bedrock knob further to the south, just north of the
intersection of Antietam and Carey Streets. As part of Devens redevelopment efforts, the
southern bedrock knob and a portion of the northern knob were removed to facilitate building
construction.  In 2001, a 35,000 square foot building and associated paved areas were
constructed in the area of the former DRMO yard.

An  area east of the landfill and south of Plow Shop Pond is the site of a former railroad
roundhouse which was investigated as Study Area 71.
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Landfill operations at Shepley's Hill Landfill began at least as early as 1917, and stopped as of
July 1, 1992.  During its last few years of use, the landfill received about 6,500 tons per year of
household refuse and construction debris, and operated using the modified trench method. A
portion of the waste was buried below the water table. In an effort to mitigate the potential for
off-site contaminant migration, Fort Devens initiated the Fort Devens Sanitary Landfill Closure
Plan in 1984 in accordance with Massachusetts regulations entitled "The Disposal of Solid
Wastes by Sanitary Landfill" (310 CMR 19.00, April 21, 1971). The Massachusetts Department
of Environmental Protection (MADEP) (then the Department of Environmental Quality
Engineering) approved the plan in 1985.

The Army performed a Remedial Investigation (RI) (E&E, 1993) and supplemental RI (ABB-
ES, 1993) at Shepley's Hill Landfill in accordance with CERCLA between 1991 and 1993. The
RI and RI Addendum reports identified potential human exposure to arsenic in groundwater as
the primary risk at Shepley's Hill Landfill.  The RI Addendum Report also identified potential
ecological risks to aquatic and semi-aquatic receptors from exposure to Plow Shop Pond surface
water and sediments (USEPA, 1999).

Based on types of contaminants,  environmental media of concern, and potential exposure
pathways, remedial action objectives were developed in the feasibility study to aid in the
development and screening of alternatives (ABB-ES, 1995).  These remedial action objectives
were developed to mitigate existing and future potential threats to public health and the
environment (USEPA, 1999).  The remedial objectives for the Shepley's Hill Landfill Operable
Unit are:

    •   Protect potential residential receptors from exposure to contaminated groundwater
       migrating from the landfill having chemicals in excess of Maximum Contaminant Levels
       (MCLs).
    •   Prevent contaminated groundwater from contributing to the contamination of Plow Shop
       Pond sediments in excess of human-health and ecological  risk-based concentrations.

In addition, an Explanation of Significant Differences for the Shepley's Hill Landfill, dated April
2005, amended the ROD by implementing the contingency remedy and modifying the
contingency remedy to provide for pretreatment of the groundwater prior to discharge to the
Devens POTW. The Final 100% Submittal of the RD/RA Workplan (page 3-1, Section 3.0)
states that the response objective of the extraction system is to contain the arsenic plume in the
vicinity of the base boundary near the north end of the landfill.

1.2 Scope and Objectives

This report summarizes hydrologic and chemistry data collected from existing (Ford et al., 2008)
and new monitoring locations during calendar year 2008.  Activities were directed towards
supplementing the dataset presented in Ford et al. (2008) through acquisition of data from the
following location categories:  1) locations previously sampled only once during calendar years
2006-2007, 2) existing locations within and adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill not previously
sampled for full suite water chemistry by EPA/ORD, and 3) new locations within Red Cove.
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The monitoring effort was divided between field-based sampling and laboratory-based
characterization. Reporting and analysis of data resulting from this effort are presented in the
following order: 1) Section 2 - hydrologic studies and 2) Section 3 - groundwater and surface
water chemistry. No additional sediment samples were collected during calendar year 2008.
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2    Hydrologic Studies

The objectives of the hydrologic studies currently performed at the Fort Devens sediments
research site include:
   •   Determination of groundwater flow rates and directions within the unconsolidated
       overburden in the Red Cove area of Plow Shop Pond,
   •   Estimation of groundwater and arsenic flux rates in the overburden, and
   •   Evaluation of the spatial and temporal nature of groundwater/surface water interactions
       within the study area.

The initial results of the ongoing investigations were reported in Ford et al. (2008) using
hydrologic data available through October 2007.  Since then, monitoring of the hydrologic
system has continued to provide a broader and more representative basis for remedial decisions.
Data and results from these ongoing studies are discussed below.

2.1   Monitoring Network
As noted in Ford et al. (2008), approximately forty monitoring wells and a surface water
measurement (staff) gauge were installed in the vicinity of Red Cove (Figure 1) to estimate
groundwater flow rates and directions. Initially, twenty-one wells were installed in four clusters
surrounding Red Cove in September 2005 using a Geoprobe 6600 rig.  Following an initial
period of characterization, additional wells were installed in April 2007 to better determine the
hydraulic conductivity structure and arsenic concentrations along the southern shore of Red Cove
as well as hydraulic gradients surrounding the cove.  Well clusters RSK1-7, RSK8-12, RSK13-
15, RSK16-19, and RSK36-43 were designed and installed to provide complete vertical coverage
of the unconsolidated deposits from the depth of drilling refusal to the water table at each well
cluster location. None of the wells penetrated bedrock. Based on the available logs from nearby
wells N2, N3, SHL-4, unconsolidated  deposits in this area are predominantly composed of fine
to coarse sand with varying fractions of coarser and finer-grained materials. The saturated
thickness of the unconsolidated deposits adjacent to Red Cove varies primarily as a function of
bedrock elevation but is estimated to range from approximately 15 ft to 30 ft based on the depth
of drilling refusal at wells RSK1, RSK8, RSK13, RSK16, and RSK41.  Construction details for
the RSK well network are provided in Appendix A.

Fourteen piezometers have been installed in Plow Shop Pond to allow comparison of hydraulic
head within the sediments with that of the pond. Construction details for the piezometer network
are provided in Appendix A. A network of temperature sensors was also installed in the shallow
sediments beneath Red Cove to characterize temporal and spatial variability in sediment
temperatures as an indicator of the possible distribution of groundwater discharge to the pond.  In
addition, a sensitive bidirectional advective flux meter was used to measure the magnitude and
direction of water movement across the sediment/water interface at select locations in Red Cove.

2.1.1   Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Locations
The supplemental monitoring network adjacent to Red Cove remains as reported in Ford et al.
(2008). No additional wells were installed in 2008.
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2.1.2   Cove Piezometers
During 2008, two additional piezometers were installed in Red Cove in support of studies using
the advective flux meter. The locations of new piezometers PZ13 and PZ14 are shown in Figure
3 with reference to all piezometer, advective flux meter, and surface water sampling locations
within Red Cove.

2.1.3   Sediment Temperature Sensors
An additional transect of sediment temperature sensors (Figure 2) has been deployed in the
western portion of Red Cove to better define the variability in potential locations of groundwater
discharge. Results from these sensors will be available in calendar year 2009.  Vertically nested
deployments of temperature sensors were installed at new piezometer locations PZ13 and PZ14
to further explore the use of sediment temperature to map out groundwater discharge to the cove.
A schematic of the deployment configuration is shown in Figure 4A. One temperature sensor
was suspended within the water column approximately 3 feet above the sediment surface. The
remaining temperature sensors were deployed on the sediment surface, 1 foot below the sediment
surface, and 2 feet below the sediment surface.  Continuous temperature readings logged during
the period June 12, 2008 to September 12, 2008 are shown in Figure 4B.  Paired results for
common depths at both locations are plotted to  better illustrate differences in temperature
between the two monitoring locations within Red Cove.  In general, temperature  fluctuations are
more variable in surface water,  likely due to diurnal variations in surface temperatures. This
variability decreases with depth relative to the sediment  surface. In addition, temperatures at a
depth of 2 feet below the sediment surface were generally colder at location PZ14 (near PZ5),
which is a known location for plume discharge  within Red Cove (see Ford et al.,  2008).

2.2  Recent Results
As noted in Ford et al. (2008), the most significant influences  on groundwater flow rates  and
directions within the overburden near Red Cove appear to be precipitation and surface water
elevation in Plow Shop  Pond. During 2008, groundwater elevations in wells immediately
adjacent to Red Cove and surface water elevations at the staff gauge located in the western
portion of Red Cove were monitored every four hours using pressure transducers/data loggers.
These data and the results of periodic groundwater elevation measurements performed using a
water level indicator were used to evaluate changes in water table elevations and the
potentiometric surface in the vicinity of Red Cove.  It is  noted that the staff gauge (STAFF1)
used to measure surface water levels in Red Cove was damaged during the winter of 2008 by
beaver activity and was out of commission between February 2 and May 1, 2008.

2.2.7   Groundwater/Surface Water Elevation Data
As noted in Ford et al. (2008), pond stage and groundwater elevations in wells adjacent to Red
Cove  are highly correlated.  Between November 2007 and August 2008, pond stage ranged from
approximately 217 ft AMSL to  218.4 ft AMSL (Figure 5). The temporal trends in groundwater
elevations during this period were similar to those observed in the surface water elevations.

A comparison of the temporal fluctuations in hydraulic head differences between groundwater
elevations measured in the water-table wells surrounding Red  Cove and surface water elevations
(Figure 6) demonstrates that groundwater flow  directions were generally toward Red Cove,
indicating that groundwater discharge to the pond continued to occur in this area. As indicated
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                                           10
by the negative values in Figure 6, the hydraulic gradient reversed for brief periods near wells
RSK 37 and, to a lesser extent, RSK19 during the fall and winter when pond stage was relatively
high and rapid stage changes occurred.

2.2.2   Potentiometric Surface
Groundwater elevations were measured in selected wells on February 12, April 28, June 10,
August 19-21,  and September 15, 2008.  These data were used to estimate the potentiometric
surface at the water table on each date (Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11). Potentiometric surfaces
focusing on groundwater flow adjacent to Red Cove (Figures 7, 8, and 11) are contoured using a
contour interval of 0.5 ft.  Site-wide potentiometric surfaces (Figures 9 and 10) are contoured
using a contour interval of 1.0 ft to improve clarity.

At the site-wide scale, shallow groundwater appears to flow in a generally  south to north
direction (Figures 10 and 11). In  each case, the potentiometric surface indicates overburden
groundwater continues to discharge to Plow Shop Pond in the vicinity of Red Cove.
Groundwater elevation data used to create the potentiometric surfaces are provided in Appendix
F.

2.2.3   Seepage Measurements
A sensitive bidirectional advective flux meter (Lien, 2006) was used to directly measure the
velocity and direction of water movement  across the sediment/water interface in Red Cove.
The tool was deployed at five new locations during calendar year 2008 in order to provide
greater coverage relative to measurements of sediment temperature and hydraulic gradients for
piezometers installed in Red Cove (Figures 3 and 12).  The magnitude and direction of advective
flux measured  in the western and  central portions of Red Cove were consistent with historical
measurements  during calendar year 2007 (see Ford et al., 2008). At a location near piezometer
PZ6, the magnitude and direction of flux was similar to observed flux near piezometer location
PZ5. Within the northern portion of Red Cove displaying upward advective flux, the magnitude
of groundwater discharge was generally less than other portions of Red Cove. For a location
adjacent to piezometer PZ13, recharge from surface water into the underlying aquifer was
observed on August 21, 2008. This monitoring location is positioned within the portion of the
aquifer where groundwater hydraulic gradients transition from a potential for surface water
discharge to aquifer recharge adjacent to Plow Shop Pond (see Figures 10 and 11).

2.3   Hydrologic Summary
As noted in Ford et al. (2008), groundwater is discharging to Red Cove under most conditions.
Additional seepage measurements conducted during 2008 support this general observation, as
well as aquifer potentiometric data that identify the transition from an area of discharge to
recharge starting near the northeastern corner of Red Cove and extending north along the western
shore of Plow  Shop Pond. Limited, continuous monitoring of surface water and sediment
temperature in locations that represent the  observed range in groundwater flux to Red Cove
support the notion of using sediment temperature to map out patterns in groundwater discharge
for the cove as a whole.

Investigations  currently underway will provide continuous groundwater elevation data obtained
using pressure  transducers/data loggers from a broader range  of monitoring wells within the RSK
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                                           11
well network.  Groundwater elevations in approximately twenty wells are being monitored using
these loggers.  This effort should allow for a more detailed interpretation of the spatial and
temporal variations in hydraulic gradients surrounding Red Cove. No new well installations are
being proposed at this time. In addition, sediment temperature data from a transect of sensors
deployed in the western-most portion of Red Cove will be available in 2009 and may enhance
our understanding of the spatial variability of groundwater discharge to Red Cove.
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                                      12
        922800
   £
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        922600
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   192200
192300
                                 Easting (m)
Figure 1. Supplemental monitoring network established near Red Cove. Red triangles mark
groundwater well locations. Green dots are the locations of piezometers within the cove. The
blue square marks the location of the Red Cove staff gauge (STAFF1).
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                                        13
     922725
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 o
     922675
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                     192250
                                    Easting (m)
Figure 2.  Approximate locations (blue dots) of the supplemental sediment temperature data
loggers deployed within the western portion of Red Cove. Nearby wells (red triangles) are
depicted for reference.
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                                        14
       922710 -
       922700 -
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                 192190   192200   192210   192220   192230   192240   192250
                                         Easting (m)


Figure 3. Locations of new piezometers (PZ13 and PZ14) installed on June 12, 2008; all manual
flux meter deployments (blue diamonds) during calendar years 2007-2008; and all surface water
locations (red triangles) sampled from a pontoon boat during calendar years 2006-2008 (see Ford
et al., 2008 and Appendix A). New surface water and flux meter locations for 2008 are labeled.
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                                                          15
        Piezometer
                                   Stilling Well

         Temperature
           Buttons "*-
                                Surface Water

                                  Sediments
                                                               50
                                                              6/12/2008
                                           7/12/2008
                 8/12/2008
9/12/2008
                                                                                        Date
Figure 4. (A) Illustration of vertically nested temperature buttons deployed at piezometer locations PZ13 and PZ14 in Red Cove
(locations in Figure 3). (B) Temperature readings for buttons deployed during the period June 12, 2008 to September 12, 2008.
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                                        16
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Figure 6. Hydraulic head differences between wells screened at the water table immediately
adjacent to Red Cove and surface water elevations measured at STAFF 1 compared with pond
stage (STAFF1).  The hydraulic head differences are calculated as groundwater elevation minus
surface water elevation. Positive differences signify potential for groundwater flow to Red Cove
(i.e., groundwater discharge to Red Cove). Negative differences signify potential for surface
water flow to the aquifer (i.e., water moves from Red Cove into the aquifer).
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                                           18
    922900
    922800
 Ei,
 CO
 o
    922700
    922600
           192100
    192200
    Easting (m)
192300
Figure 7. Potentiometric surface at the water table on February 12, 2008. Locations of
monitoring points used to produce the potentiometric surface are depicted by red triangles.
Well names were omitted to improve figure clarity. Groundwater elevation contours are
depicted in units of feet with a contour interval of 0.5 ft.
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                                           19
           922900
           922800
       £
        CD
           922700
           922600
               192100
     192200
  Easting (m)
192300
Figure 8. Potentiometric surface at the water table on April 28, 2008. Locations of monitoring
points used to produce the potentiometric surface are depicted by red triangles.  Well names were
omitted to improve figure clarity.  Groundwater elevation contours are depicted in units of feet
with a contour interval of 0.5 ft.
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                                         20
           923000
           922800
           922600
       D)
           922400
           922200
                 191800
 192000           192200
       Easting (m)
192400
Figure 9. Potentiometric surface at the water table on June 10, 2008. Locations of monitoring
points used to produce the potentiometric surface are depicted by red triangles. Well names were
omitted to improve figure clarity.  Groundwater elevation contours are depicted in units of feet
with a contour interval of 1 ft; dashed lines indicate a region of the aquifer with less hydraulic
control under the existing monitoring network.
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                                           21
           923000
           922800
           922600
        en
        c.
       Ic
       tr
        o
           922400
           922200
                191800
192000          192200
       Easting (m)
192400
Figure 10. Potent!ometric surface at the water table on August 19-21, 2008, and locations of
lake-bed piezometers in which hydraulic heads were measured in comparison to the pond level.
Yellow dots indicate piezometer locations at which the potential  direction of flow was from the
sediments to the surface water.  The magenta dot (highlighted by arrow) is the only location at
which the potential direction of flow was from the surface water  to the sediments (i.e.,
downward).  Green dots indicate locations where the gradient was considered to be insignificant
(i.e., no discernible flow direction).  Wells are depicted by red triangles and the surface water
monitoring point is depicted by a blue square. Well names were  omitted to improve figure
clarity.  Groundwater elevation contours are depicted in units of feet with a contour interval of 1
ft; dashed lines indicate a  region of the aquifer with less hydraulic control under the existing
monitoring network.
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                                          22
      922900
 f  -^


 D)
922800
      922700
      922600
            192100
                             192200
192300
                                Easting (m)
Figure 11. Potent!ometric surface at the water table on September 15, 2008, and locations of
lake-bed piezometers in which hydraulic heads were measured in comparison to the pond level.
Yellow dots indicate piezometer locations at which the potential direction of flow was from the
sediments to the surface water. The magenta dot is the only location at which the potential
direction of flow was from the surface water to the sediments (i.e., downward).  Green dots
indicate locations where the gradient was considered to be insignificant (i.e., no discernible flow
direction). Wells are depicted by red triangles and the surface water monitoring point is depicted
by a blue square. Well names were omitted to improve figure clarity.  Groundwater elevation
contours are depicted in units of feet with a contour interval of 0.5 ft.
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                             4 June 2009
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                                         23
922710-
     922700 -
     922690 -
  0)
     922680-
               Seepage Rate
                  (ft3/day)
                   +0.012 Jun 8-9, 2008
                     STAFF1I
                                                       yv
                                                       \>
                                            s
                                            CL
+0.070 Jun 13, 2008
-0.055 Aug 21, 2008
                                           +0.024 Jun 10-12,2008
                                                   +0.224 Apr 26, 2007
                                                   +0.158 Aug 21, 2007
                                                   +0091 Nov6, 2007
     92267
              192190   192200   192210   192220   192230  192240   192250

                                     Easting


Figure 12. Locations, dates and magnitude of water flux (ft3/day based on flux meter area of 2.47
ft2) measured via manual deployments of the advective flux meter within Red Cove; positive
values correspond to an upward flux (groundwater discharge to surface water) and the negative
value corresponds to a downward flux (surface water recharge to underlying aquifer).
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                              4 June 2009
            EPA/ORD

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                                          24
3  Groundwater and Surface Water Chemistry Studies

The objectives of the groundwater and surface water chemistry studies performed at the Fort
Devens sediments research site included determination of the spatial and temporal patterns in
arsenic concentrations adjacent to Red Cove, the chemical speciation of arsenic, and the
chemical characteristics of groundwater for the purpose of delineating potential contributions
from groundwater underlying Shepley's Hill Landfill and defining the conditions supporting
arsenic transport. Monitoring activities during calendar year 2008 included 1) sampling from
existing RSK and SHL wells that had not been sampled for a complete suite of water chemistry
measurements by EPA/ORD during 2005-2007, 2) sampling at select screens  at well cluster
RSK36-43 to confirm vertical chemistry trend, and 3) sampling at additional locations in Red
Cove to provide additional coverage for water chemistry in shallow and deep  surface water.

3.1   Monitoring Network
Additional sampling was conducted at the following locations to more fully map arsenic
concentrations at the water table between the eastern edge of Shepley's Hill Landfill and the
RSK well clusters adjacent to Red Cove (see Figure  1): RSK25, RSK26, RSK27, RSK28,
RSK29, RSK30, and RSK32. The following well screens within the RSK36-43 cluster were
sampled to confirm previously observed vertical distribution in groundwater chemistry: RSK37,
RSK39, and RSK41. Finally, the following wells within Shepley's Hill  Landfill were sampled
as a supplement to existing historical data (see Figure 74A in Ford et al., 2008): N6-P1, SHP-99-
35X, N5-P1, and N5-P2. (It should be noted that sampling of SHL wells N5-P1, N5-P2, SHP-
99-29X, SHM-96-22B, and SHM-93-22C by EPA/ORD personnel on 13 September 2007 was
conducted only for collection of samples for determination of dissolved  methane.)

Sampling for RSK wells and landfill wells N5-P1 and N5-P2 was conducted using a peristaltic
pump according to methods employed in Ford et al. (2008). Due to the depth  to water in landfill
wells N6-P1 and SHP-99-35X, down-hole sampling devices were needed to recover water.  For
location N6-P1, a manual Waterra inertial pump with foot valve was used to purge the screened
interval.  With this equipment, it was possible to provide a continuous flow of groundwater
routed through an enclosed YSI sonde for monitoring water quality.  For location SHP-99-35X,
insufficient water within the well screen and low recharge prevented use of the Waterra inertial
pump.  A 12V submersible pump was used at  this location to fill the sample tubing, which was
subsequently retrieved from the well casing and emptied into a bucket for sampling and water
quality measurements.  This sampling approach was repeated on the subsequent day, with
sampling dates and times noted in the appendices.

Sampling of surface water was conducted at several additional locations to map out differences
in water chemistry between shallow and deep  surface water for areas within Red Cove that had
not previously been sampled (see Figure 3). Water quality measurements were conducted at all
locations (SW02B3, SW06, SW07, SW08, SW09), but filtered (0.45 |im) water samples for
laboratory analyses were only collected from locations SW02B3, SW06, and SW07.

3.2   Recent Results
As noted in Ford et al. (2008), the primary flux of arsenic discharging into Red Cove was located
between well  clusters RSK13-15 and RSK1-7. In addition, arsenic concentrations in deep
FINAL                              4 June 2009                                  EPA/ORD

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                                           25
surface water were highest near sampling locations MC and SW02B, corresponding to an
identified location of arsenic plume discharge. During 2008, RSK water table wells closer to the
eastern edge of SHL were sampled to provide additional information on the location and
dimensions of the arsenic plume discharging into Red Cove.  Also, additional surface water
locations were sampled to provide more complete coverage for water chemistry in Red Cove.

3.2.1   Groundwater Chemistry Trends: RSK Wells
Groundwater chemistry data for water table wells located between the eastern edge of Shepley's
Hill Landfill and previously sampled RSK well clusters adjacent to Red Cove are provided in the
appendices (Tables B. 1 and  D.I). Arsenic concentrations were generally greater at wells
RSK30, RSK32, RSK29, RSK28 and RSK27 compared to wells RSK26 and RSK25 (see Figure
1 for locations).  The distribution of arsenic across these wells generally aligns with the highest
arsenic flux calculated for potential flow paths to Red Cove (see Figure 72 in Ford et al., 2008).
Arsenic concentrations observed at RSK26 and RSK25 are consistent with those previously
observed near the water table at well clusters RSK13-15 and RSK36-43.

The vertical trend in water chemistry, including arsenic concentration, for screens sampled at the
RSK36-43 well cluster is consistent with data presented in Ford et al. (2008). As previously
observed, arsenic concentrations are low within the shallow portion of the saturated aquifer
(RSK37) and increase  significantly at depth (RSK41). There appears to have been no significant
change to the water chemistry in this portion of the aquifer.

3.2.2   Groundwater Chemistry Trends: Shepley 's Hill Landfill
Groundwater chemistry data for wells N6-P1, SHP-99-35X, N5-P1 and N5-P2 located within
Shepley's Hill Landfill are provided in the appendices (Tables B.2 and D.2).  Time series
sampling was conducted during well purging at these locations to determine whether steady-state
conditions could be achieved with the volume typically purged from the well casing during
sampling. In addition to water quality measurements to establish achievement of chemical
stability, water samples were periodically sampled for laboratory analyses.  Wells N6-P1 and
N5-P2 appear to achieve chemical stabilization within the typical time (and volume) for well
purging previously employed at these locations.  While large changes were observed for
concentrations of dissolved As and Fe at well screen N5-P1, the relative percent change was at or
below about 15% by the  final sampling event. It should be noted that stabilization at N5-P1 was
achieved after purging at least 23 liters (~6 gallons) of groundwater.  Due to the difficulty in
retrieving water from well SHP-99-35X, it is uncertain whether water samples are representative
of groundwater chemistry in this portion of the aquifer. As in 2007, methane concentrations in
groundwater sampled from well N5-P2 are highest, consistent with a screened interval that
intercepts landfill waste.

Results for ammonia and methane data for sampled SHL and RSK wells are plotted in Figure 13.
As a point of reference, ammonia data for RSK well clusters are plotted in Figure 13 A as a
function of potassium concentration for years 2005-2008.  New data from RSK well screens
completed at the water table, located between the eastern edge of Shepley's Hill Landfill and
RSK well clusters, show a similar relationship.  The lowest ammonia and potassium
concentrations were  observed in wells RSK25 and RSK26, comparable to that observed at the
water table well screen RSK37 within  well cluster RSK36-43.  Dissolved methane
FINAL                               4 June 2009                                  EPA/ORD

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                                          26
concentrations are also shown for RSK and SHL wells sampled during 2007-2008.  In general,
methane concentrations at RSK water table wells (630 |ig/L for RSK26; 1790-6250 |ig/L for
RSK27, 28, 30, and 32) overlap with the range observed at SHL piezometer pair N5-P1 (1480-
1940 |ig/L) and N5-P2 (8940-10600 |ig/L) and are similar to the range of methane
concentrations previously observed at well cluster RSK8-12 (2110-7780 |lg/L).  (Note that only
the highest and lowest measured methane concentrations are shown in Figure 13 A for well
clusters RSK8-12 and RSK13-15 for clarity.) Results for ammonia versus calcium
concentrations for the same wells are shown in Figure 13B. The elevated concentrations of
ammonia and methane in shallow groundwater along the western edge of Red Cove suggest the
influence of landfill constituents on water chemistry. Elevated Ca concentrations in combination
with relatively low ammonia concentrations also suggest that groundwater chemistry at well
cluster RSK1-7 may be distinct from that observed at well clusters RSK16-20 and RSK8-12.
Given the consistency in observed hydraulic gradient and arsenic concentrations, the source of
the majority of arsenic flux discharging into Red Cove appears to derive from a location within
the aquifer due west of the cove, consistent with previous observations (see Figure 72 in Ford et
al., 2008).

Possible distinctions in groundwater chemistry at the water table were assessed further through
evaluation of major ion chemistry. Presentation of these data in the form of Stiff diagrams for a
selection of RSK well screens installed at the water table is shown in Figure 14. The  Stiff
diagram provides a composite view of major ion chemistry by inclusion of concentrations
(expressed as mean charge equivalents for all sampling dates) for Mg, Ca, Na + K, SO/i, HCOs,
and Cl. The dimensions of the shaded region within the plotted polygon reflect the
concentrations of these constituents, where polygons with smaller shaded area generally
correspond to groundwater with lower total dissolved solids. This method of presentation more
clearly shows that the water chemistry at well screens RSK25 and RSK26 is similar to that
observed at RSK37 and distinct from shallow groundwater compositions west and north of Red
Cove. From this view, it also appears that shallow groundwater at well screen RSK15 may be
represented by a mixture of upgradient groundwater between the locations of RSK27  and
RSK25.

3.2.3   Surface Water Chemistry Trends
Results from surface water sampling during calendar year 2008 are provided in Tables C.I and
E.I in the appendices. Dissolved (<0.45 |im) arsenic concentrations at location SW07 are
comparable to those previously observed at locations 1C and SW01 (Ford et al., 2008). The
concentration of arsenic within the deep surface water at location SW06 was slightly elevated
relative to location SW07, but still below ambient water quality criteria. However, consistent
with historical measurements at similar locations (MC and SW02B2), arsenic in deep surface
water at location SW02B3 was the highest (313 |ig/L).  There appears to be a continuing source
of arsenic plume discharge within this area of Red Cove. This is also supported by the elevated
concentrations of ammonia,  calcium and potassium in deep surface water at location SW02B3
(Table E.I).

3.3  Chemistry Summary
Chemistry trends in groundwater and surface water within the Red Cove Study Area are
consistent with observations during calendar years 2005-2007. Characterization of groundwater
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                                           27
sampled from RSK well screens completed at the water table provides further spatial delineation
of the arsenic plume that is the primary source of arsenic flux discharging into Red Cove. These
results also support the previous recommendation for the installation of additional wells within
Shepley's Hill Landfill to better delineate the vertical distribution of arsenic concentrations along
potential  flow paths that pass through the region of the aquifer screened between RSK26 and
SHL-11 (see Figure 74 in Ford et al., 2008).  These new monitoring locations will also make it
feasible to more reliably project groundwater flow paths underlying central and southern portions
of the landfill that appear to be the origin of contaminated groundwater discharging into Red
Cove.

3.4   References

Ford, R.G., K.G. Scheckel, S. Acree, R. Ross, B. Lien, T. Luxton, and P. Clark, 2008. Final
Report: Arsenic Fate, Transport and Stability Study,  Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil and
Sediment Investigation, Fort Devens Superfund Site, Devens, Massachusetts, Internal Report,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
(http://www.epa.gov/regionl/superfund/sites/devens/296835.pdf)

Lien, B.K., 2006.  Development and demonstration of a bidirectional advective flux meter for
sediment-water interface, EPA/600/R-06/122, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. (http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/pubs/600r06122/600r06122.pdf)

USEPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). Arsenic Fate, Transport and Stability
Study QAPP and Work Plan, Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil and Sediment Investigation, Fort
Devens Superfund Site, Fort Devens, Massachusetts, Draft Version 3, Revised 9 April 2007
(QAPP ID 421-Q10-1).
FINAL                               4 June 2009                                  EPA/ORD

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                                         28
K (mg/L)
0 4 8 12 16 20
16-1
14
1 1
-
12-
^ 10-
?
Z
CO
z 6-


4-
2-

0
36

32-

28-
*
14-
-
^ 12-
O)
,§ 10-
z
'" 8-
Z
6-
.
4-
2-

0-
,1,1,1,1,1
. N5-P2b JL
A Feb 2008
N5-P2
Sep 2007
°° >
SHP-99-29X RSKIlP */
* Sept 2007 • • ,- u^o
• ^^T Feb 2008
O J^5* "A1 RSK32
^F
tft
. $r*
/•
N5-P1
Sep 2007 *y.t *RSK27
N5-P1b \VRSK1R4SK8 *RSK28
Feb 2008 V • 5. *?
N5-P1a •" • ••**
Feb 2008 1« A, • **
fX^^O •
, i i i , i , i i i
,1,1.1,1,1.1,1.1
_ N5-P2b
B Feb 2008
N5-P2a ^
Feb 2008 ^
N5-P2
Sep 2008 _
' ••

0
o
o •
cQ •
to *
2 o •
8 oOfp
S 0 o N6-p1 SHP-99-35X
Q 9 Sep 2008 Sep 2008
£ 0° * • / N5-P1b $
i* ° •* ^a ./ e
a • **• ^5 Feb 2008
8(^ "• X N5-P1
Qft) % A^ ^^^ Sep 2008
p , i , i i i , i , i i i , i i i
Ammonia (2005-2008)
10000 Linear Reg.
IUUUU • RSK Well Clusters
O RSK Water Table Wells

-8000
O
-6000 ^
CQ
^
-4000


Methane (Sep 2007 & Feb 2008)
-2000 ^ RSK8.12
* RSK 13-1 5
* SHL Wells
* RSK Water Table Wells


O RSK Water Table Wells
A SHL Wells
• RSK 1-7
; o RSK 16-20
• RSK 8-1 2
o RSK 13-15
o RSK 36-42
-
•
-

-
•
-

_



0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Ca (mg/L)
Figure 13. Results for dissolved (<0.45 |im) NHa-N, CH/i, K, and Ca for groundwater sampled
from RSK cluster wells, RSK water table wells, and SHL wells within the landfill. A) NH3-N
and CH4 as a function of K. B) NHa-N as a function of Ca.  Designations "a" and "b" refer to the
first and last groundwater sample analyzed for locations N5-P1 and N5-P2 for time series
sampling; mean and standard deviation shown for measurements at N6-P1 and SHP-99-35X.
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4 June 2009
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                                          29
Figure 14. Comparison of major ion chemistry in groundwater sampled from screens completed
at the water table for RSK well installations. Data represent the mean of all constituent
measurements for each well during 2006-2008 and are presented in a Stiff diagram format with
ion equivalents on the x-axis; see diagram for RSK30 for distribution of major ions (see labels
for Mg, Ca, Na + K, SO4, HCO3, and Cl on plot for RSK30). Mean and standard deviation (blue
text) are shown for dissolved (<0.45 |im) As at these well screens during 2006-2008. Arrows are
used to link diagrams to their associated well location labeled on the underlying aerial view of
the Red Cove Study Area.
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4 June 2009
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                                          30


                                  APPENDIX A

                                   LOCATION DATA
Northing and easting coordinates of new and existing monitoring locations were surveyed
relative to the locations of existing wells at the SHL site (except for SW locations).  The
coordinates are reported in meters using the Massachusetts State Plane coordinate system and are
reported relative to the NAD83 datum.
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                                           31
Table Al. Locations of new cove piezometers (surveyed) and screened intervals, new manual
flux meter installments (SMPZ13 surveyed; other locations estimated by GPS and visual
records), and new surface water sampling locations (estimated GPS and visual records). The
coordinates are reported in meters using the Massachusetts State Plane coordinate system and are
reported relative to the NAD83 datum.  Depths are reported relative to the sediment/water
interface at the bottom of the pond. N/A = not applicable
Location
Type
Piezometer
PZ13
PZ14
Flux Meter
SMPZ3
SMPZ4a
SMPZ4b
SMPZ6
SMPZ13
Surface Water
SW02B3
SW06
SW07
SW08
SW09
Staff Gauge
STAFF 1
STAFF2
Northing
(m)

922706.47
922679.33

922677.34
922700.02
922698.17
922668.46
922706.37

922677.80
922678.76
922664.85
922696.30
922679.62

922695.48
922837.91
Easting
(m)

192243.04
192222.05

192207.45
192215.84
192217.21
192221.32
192241.67

192219.92
192206.18
192213.07
192228.16
192244.56

192202.11
192251.77
Top of Screen
(ft below interface)

4.5
4.5

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
Bottom of Screen
(ft below interface)

5.0
5.0

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
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4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                               32
Table A2. Surveyed locations of RSK wells and elevations of screened intervals. The coordinates are
reported in meters using the Massachusetts State Plane coordinate system and are reported relative to the
NAD83 datum. Elevations were surveyed relative to existing wells which are reported to use the National
Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929.
Well
RSK1
RSK2
RSK3
RSK4
RSK5
RSK6
RSK7
RSK8
RSK9
RSK10
RSK11
RSK12
RSK13
RSK14
RSK15
RSK16
RSK17
RSK18
RSK19
RSK20
RSK21
RSK23
RSK24
RSK25
RSK26
RSK27
RSK28
RSK29
RSK30
RSK32
RSK33
RSK34
RSK35
RSK36
RSK37
RSK38
RSK39
RSK40
RSK41
RSK42
RSK43
RSK47
RSK48
RSK49
Northing
(m)
922710.63
922710.96
922711.38
922712.34
922711.72
922711.38
922711.92
922659.41
922659.84
922659.33
922658.95
922658.31
922648.82
922648.91
922648.26
922695.95
922695.87
922696.46
922696.56
922697.00
922696.83
922650.96
922616.98
922620.30
922635.27
922644.10
922667.84
922678.74
922702.92
922693.87
922761.13
922767.20
922788.58
922663.22
922663.22
922664.19
922664.44
922665.06
922665.39
922664.69
922663.86
922664.63
922657.79
922678.18
Easting
(m)
192217.25
192216.80
192216.25
192216.36
192216.75
192217.25
192217.51
192181.05
192181.51
192181.96
192181.66
192182.45
192202.03
192202.61
192202.52
192195.10
192194.42
192194.26
192194.73
192194.64
192195.26
192187.02
192177.19
192218.06
192174.88
192152.56
192151.60
192164.94
192170.15
192153.67
192170.62
192144.93
192157.75
192247.32
192247.32
192246.75
192247.63
192247.80
192247.37
192247.01
192247.55
192248.22
192182.74
192192.86
Top of Screen
(ft MSL)
190.6
195.7
201.0
206.2
210.9
200.6
216.5
197.1
202.6
207.6
212.9
216.8
207.5
211.3
216.6
200.5
204.7
210.0
214.9
205.1
215.9
221.4
221.4
218.5
220.3
221.2
218.8
215.9
212.4
216.6
215.1
214.5
212.4
215.7
217.6
214.6
209.6
204.5
199.5
209.6
215.7
214.8
215.6
217.1
Bottom of Screen
(ft MSL)
185.6
190.7
196.0
201.2
205.9
195.6
211.5
192.1
197.6
202.6
207.9
211.8
202.5
206.3
211.6
195.5
199.7
205.0
209.9
200.1
195.9
196.4
216.4
213.5
215.3
216.2
213.8
210.9
207.4
211.6
210.1
209.5
207.4
195.7
212.6
209.6
204.6
199.5
194.5
204.6
195.7
209.8
215.1
216.6
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4 June 2009
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                                           33
Table A3. Cove piezometer locations and screened intervals. The surveyed coordinates are
reported in meters using the Massachusetts State Plane coordinate system and are reported
relative to the NAD83 datum. Depths are reported relative to the sediment/water interface at the
bottom of the pond.
Piezometer
PZ1
PZ2
PZ3
PZ4
PZ5
PZ6
PZ7
PZ8
PZ9
PZ10
PZ11
PZ12
Northing
(m)
922667.24
922678.65
922680.04
922697.20
922680.08
922667.76
922677.60
922703.75
922722.63
922762.65
922838.42
922675.88
Easting
(m)
192201.46
192208.97
192203.74
192211.42
192224.25
192220.32
192248.06
192228.62
192234.24
192237.91
192255.49
192298.64
Top of Screen
(ft below interface)
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.5
4.5
6.5
6.5
5.8
5.6
5.3
4.5
3.0
Bottom of Screen
(ft below interface)
5.0
5.0
4.5
5.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.0
3.5
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                     34
                              APPENDIX B

  Summary of field chemistry data for groundwater sampled from RSK and Army wells
            within Red Cove Study Area and within Shepley's Hill Landfill
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                                                                35


Table B1.  Summary of field geochemical data collected during ground-water sampling for calendar year 2008 adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.
The following abbreviations are used within the table: ft btoc = feet below top of casing, COND = specific conductance, ORP = oxidation-reduction
potential (measured with platinum electrode), DO = dissolved oxygen, Alk = alkalinity, TIC = total inorganic carbon, ND = not detected, NM = not
measured, NR = not recorded.
Location
RSK30

RSK32

RSK29
RSK28

RSK27

RSK26

RSK25
Date
4/30/2008
9/16/2008
4/30/2008
9/16/2008
9/16/2008
4/30/2008
9/16/2008
4/29/2008
9/17/2008
4/29/2008
9/17/2008
9/17/2008
Depth to
Water
Table
ft btoc
13.35
13.75
17.35
17.74
17.13
19.53
19.95
21.67
21.94
21.00
21.09
21.20
Temp.

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                                                                36
Table B2.  Summary of field geochemical data collected during ground-water sampling for calendar year 2008 within Shepley's Hill Landfill.  The
following abbreviations are used within the table:  ft btoc = feet below top of casing, COND = specific conductance, ORP = oxidation-reduction
potential (measured with platinum electrode), DO = dissolved oxygen, Alk = alkalinity, TIC = total inorganic carbon, ND = not detected, NM = not
measured, NR = not recorded. Well purging was initiated at the following times: N6-P1 (9/16/2008 @ 1502), N5-P1 (2/12/2008 @ 1100) and
(9/17/2008 @ 1354), N5-P2 (2/12/2008 @ 1518) and (9/17/2008 @ 1509).
Location
N6-P1
SHP-99-35X
N5-P1
N5-P2
Date
(Time)
9/16/2008(1510)
9/16/2008(1530)
9/16/2008(1600)
9/16/2008(1105)
9/17/2008(1040)
9/17/2008(1500)
2/12/2008(1135)
2/12/2008(1155)
2/12/2008(1230)
2/12/2008(1335)
2/12/2008(1505)
9/17/2008(1632)
2/12/2008(1541)
2/12/2008(1558)
2/12/2008(1611)
2/12/2008(1719)
2/12/2008(1730)
Depth to
Water
Table
ft btoc
36.50
NM
NM
36.78
38.95
23.34
23.67
NM
NM
NM
NM
23.64
24.45
NM
NM
NM
NM
Temp.
"C
15.88
15.63
13.44
15.62
16.59
16.44
9.11
NR
9.23
NR
10.16
17.02
9.01
NR
9.09
9.73
NR
COND
u,S/cm
585
593
584
1359
1161
660
619
NR
635
NR
613
1311
1314
NR
1320
1319
NR
PH
7.00
6.86
6.81
7.01
7.08
NR
6.50
NR
6.34
NR
6.29
7.95C
6.03
NR
6.02
6.07
NR
ORP
mV
-161.9
-159.6
-185.9
-111.8
-146.5
-87.4
-128.6
NR
-88.9
NR
-92.9
-54.4
-64.4
NR
-87.4
-103.3
NR
DO
(electrode)
mg/L
1.86
1.80
1.07
3.85b
2.82 b
0.18
1.08
NR
1.37
NR
NR
0.09
0.34
NR
0.16
0.29
NR
DO
(Chemet)
mg/L
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
Turbidity
NTU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
9.37
NM
1.65
NM
0.87
NR
10.9
NM
NM
1.57
NM
Ferrous
Iron
mg/L
15.3 a
NM
NM
NM
18.4
NM
7.19
NM
15.9
NM
NM
NM
57.8
NM
NM
58.4
NM
Alk
(mg/L
CaCO3)
NM
NM
321
670
614
NM
NM
NM
300
NM
NM
NM
633
NM
NM
628
NM
 Sample for ferrous iron was collected at time 1525.
b Values likely elevated due to air exposure in open vessel.
c Value is high relative to historical data, but no electrode performance problems were noted.
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                     37
                              APPENDIX C

    Summary of field chemistry data for surface water sampled from within Red Cove
                        adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill
FINAL                          4 June 2009                              EPA/ORD

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                                                                       38
Table C1.  Summary of field geochemical data collected for surface water in Red Cove adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.  The following abbreviations are used
within the table: ft bws = feet below water surface, COND = specific conductance, ORP = oxidation-reduction potential (measured with platinum electrode), DO :
dissolved oxygen, Alk = alkalinity, TIC = total inorganic carbon, ND = not detected, NM = not measured, NS = not sampled.  Depth labeled with "sediment"
indicates water quality sonde was in contact with sediments and associated pore water; assumed penetration depth of 1 inch.
Location
SW02B3
SW06
SW07
SW08
SW09
Date
4/28/2008
4/28/2008
4/28/2008
4/29/2008
4/29/2008
Depth
ft bws
0.82
1.64
2.46
3.28
sediment
(3.36)
0.33
1.31
sediment
(1.40)
0.82
1.31
sediment
(NM)
0.82
2.46
sediment
(5.50)
0.82
2.46
sediment
(3.69)
Temp.
•c
13.1
13.06
12.64
12.71
12.32
13.86
13.88
13.48
12.56
12.05
12.33
14.09
12.86
12.99
14.05
13.13
13.3
COND
|iS/cm
250
252
256
321
311
265
268
435
252
249
355
249
273
511
248
285
379
pH
6.5
6.49
6.44
6.40
6.84
6.60
6.46
7.08
6.48
6.39
7.08
6.56
6.26
6.69
6.62
6.38
6.44
ORP
mV
52.9
50.3
34.8
-54.1
-204.8
37.6
25.4
-200.2
55.3
51.1
-217.9
67.7
22.9
-156.7
44.9
-36.6
-79.9
DO (electrode)
mg/L
11.57
11.27
10.71
8.57
0.08
9.32
9.2
0.14
11.12
10.43
0.12
7.18
5.81
0.47
7.45
4.35
2.04
DO (HACH)
mg/L
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
Turbidity
NTU
12.3
11.5
15.9
103
NM
8.52
16
NM
14.8
12.7
NM
8.83
19.8
NM
8.15
38.6
NM
Ferrous Iron
mg/L
ND
ND
0.63
7.20
NS
0.15
3.05
NS
0.13
ND
NS
ND
1.20
NS
NM
4.20
NS
Alk
(mg/L CaCO3)
26
24
32
230
NS
28
44
NS
33
29
NS
47
47
NS
22
104
NS
TIC
mg/LC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                     39
                              APPENDIX D

  Summary of chemistry data for groundwater sampled from RSK wells within Red Cove
                   Study Area adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.
FINAL                          4 June 2009                              EPA/ORD

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                                                               40
Table D1.  Summary of chemistry data for groundwater samples collected during calendar year 2008 adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill. The
following abbreviations are used within the table:  ND = not detected, NS = not sampled, MDL = method detection limit, QL = quantitation limit.
Location
RSK30

RSK32

RSK29
RSK28

RSK27

RSK26

RSK25
Date
4/30/2008
9/16/2008
4/30/2008
9/16/2008
9/16/2008
4/30/2008
9/16/2008
4/29/2008
9/17/2008
4/29/2008
9/17/2008
9/17/2008
As
mg/L
0.726
0.171
0.262
0.266
0.576
0.600
0.463
0.504
0.369
0.049
0.010
0.004
Fe
mg/L
67.1
59.6
55.0
63.2
45.1
37.2
34.6
46.6
51.2
19.2
1.16
2.59
Mn
mg/L
1.55
1.89
1.85
1.36
4.81
0.76
0.61
0.67
0.58
0.39
0.39
0.80
Ca
mg/L
37.0
44.8
82.4
82.0
33.9
43.6
34.2
53.1
61.8
12.7
6.22
12.7
K
mg/L
11.4
15.4
15.0
15.7
12
11.5
13.1
14.5
12.6
4.5
1.87
2.16
Mg
mg/L
6.1
7.47
9.2
10.6
4.81
6.8
4.91
6.7
7.2
2.2
0.77
2.08
Na
mg/L
19.9
25.3
21.4
25.1
21.4
22.3
19.7
22.5
18.9
11.4
2.07
1.97
Cl
mg/L
20.7
24.5
25.7
26.0
33.0
31.7
34.0
34.9
39.5
12.8
ND
1.42
S04
mg/L
2.74
9.40
ND
1.37
4.98
2.03
9.39
0.93
ND
10.6
0.89
6.44
NH3-N
mg/L
9.11
10.2
13.0
13.2
7.15
7.07
9.26
11.9
9.53
0.45
0.28
0.11
CH4
mg/L
1.79
NS
6.25
NS
NS
2.42
NS
3.10
NS
0.63
NS
NS

RSK37
RSK39
RSK41
9/18/2008
9/18/2008
9/18/2008
MDL
QL
0.001
0.061
0.441
0.00002
0.0001
ND
5.99
34.3
0.005
0.017
0.03
6.82
3.84
0.001
0.004
10.6
22.8
26.5
0.03
0.08
2.09
4.36
3.69
0.06
0.18
2.59
3.2
3.62
0.03
0.08
1.58
4.33
4.8
0.04
0.14
1.91
2.76
4.52
0.118
1.00
4.92
9.57
11.2
0.226
1.00
ND
1.53
0.74
0.02
0.10
NS
NS
NS
0.14
1.00
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                                               41
Table D2.  Summary of chemistry data for groundwater samples collected during calendar year 2008 within Shepley's Hill Landfill. The following
abbreviations are used within the table:  ND = not detected, NS = not sampled, MDL = method detection limit, QL = quantitation limit.
Location
N5-P1
N5-P2
N6-P1
SHP-99-35X
Date (Time)
2/12/2008(1135)
2/12/2008(1155)
2/12/2008(1230)
2/12/2008(1335)
2/12/2008(1505)
9/17/2008(1500)
2/12/2008(1541)
2/12/2008(1558)
2/12/2008(1611)
2/12/2008(1719)
2/12/2008(1730)
9/17/2008(1632)
9/16/2008(1510)
9/16/2008(1530)
9/16/2008(1600)
9/16/2008(1105)
9/17/2008(1040)
MDL
QL
As
mg/L
0.885
1.740
3.760
4.380
4.700
0.441
0.206
0.035
0.034
0.034
NS
0.031
0.350
0.350
0.354
0.195
0.137
0.00002
0.0001
Fe
mg/L
8.2
9.2
22.3
30.9
36.0
3.09
65.4
67.1
67.2
67.2
NS
69.5
29.8
28.4
27.8
28.5
23.7
0.005
0.017
Mn
mg/L
4.69
5.86
6.32
6.31
6.34
6.56
0.56
0.38
0.38
0.39
NS
0.42
2.85
2.84
2.85
13.9
13.3
0.001
0.004
Ca
mg/L
83.5
89.6
81.5
74.0
69.0
105
143
147
147
145
NS
152
63.2
65.8
64.9
161
161
0.03
0.08
K
mg/L
3.2
4.4
4.6
5.0
5.2
3.68
17.0
17.6
17.7
17.4
NS
17.3
5.71
5.87
5.78
8.11
7.56
0.06
0.18
Mg
mg/L
10.9
11.8
10.8
9.9
9.4
13.7
15.6
16.1
16.0
15.9
NS
15.4
6.06
6.27
6.25
12.1
12
0.03
0.08
Na
mg/L
20.3
22.1
19.8
18.4
17.7
24.9
20.9
22.6
21.3
22.5
NS
19.7
16.3
16
19.2
83.9
66.7
0.04
0.14
Cl
mg/L
28.6
24.5
18.6
17.0
16.4
22.5
16.6
17.1
17.3
17.2
NS
16.4
18.3
16.7
17.6
23.5
22.9
0.118
1.00
S04
mg/L
10.1
9.27
8.51
8.21
8.24
9.19
0.13
ND
ND
ND
NS
0.76
20.4
19.9
20.0
35.6
21.6
0.226
1.00
NH3-N
mg/L
0.57
0.69
1.46
1.82
2.00
0.33
32.2
32.6
32.4
32.4
NS
30.2
2.67
2.95
2.78
4.70
4.09
0.02
0.10
CH4
mg/L
0.30
NS
NS
NS
1.48
NS
8.20
NS
NS
NS
10.60
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
0.14
1.00
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                         42
                                  APPENDIX E

    Summary of chemistry data for surface water sampled from within Red Cove Study Area
                           adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.
FINAL                           4 June 2009                              EPA/ORD

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                                                              43


Table E1. Summary of chemistry data for groundwater samples collected from RCTW wells adjacent to Shepley's Hill Landfill.  The following
abbreviations are used within the table: ND = not detected, NS = not sampled, MDL = method detection limit, QL = quantitation limit, ft above sed
= feet above sediment. [Note: No samples were collected at locations SW08 and SW09.]
Location
SW02B3
SW06
SW07
Date
4/28/2008
4/28/2008
4/28/2008
Height
(ft above sed)
2.46
1.64
0.82
0.00
0.98
0.00
0.49
0.00
MDL
QL
As
mg/L
0.006
0.008
0.018
0.313
0.015
0.054
0.007
0.007
0.00002
0.0001
Fe
mg/L
0.37
0.45
1.55
63.4
1.39
6.41
0.51
0.72
0.005
0.017
Mn
mg/L
0.28
0.29
0.31
1.18
0.30
0.37
0.24
0.28
0.001
0.004
Ca
mg/L
12.2
12.3
12.8
41.4
12.7
14.7
12.2
12.3
0.03
0.08
K
mg/L
1.70
1.76
1.96
8.92
1.83
2.63
1.72
1.8
0.06
0.18
Mg
mg/L
2.18
2.17
2.19
5.63
2.23
2.46
2.16
2.14
0.03
0.08
Na
mg/L
30.6
30.0
29.1
22.0
30.8
29.1
30.4
28.5
0.04
0.14
Cl
mg/L
51.0
52.2
49.8
37.1
49.1
53.4
53.5
47.9
0.118
1.00
S04
mg/L
6.59
6.65
6.64
2.29
6.41
6.87
6.89
6.66
0.226
1.00
NH3-N
mg/L
0.17
0.25
0.37
5.04
1.20
0.45
0.27
0.21
0.02
0.10
CH4
mg/L
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
0.14
1.00
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                    44






                             APPENDIX F




         Groundwater Elevation Data used to Create Potentiometric Surfaces
FINAL                         4 June 2009                             EPA/ORD

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                                          45
Table Fl.  Data used to Create February 12, 2008, Potentiometric Surface.
Monitoring
Point
RSK7
RSK12
RSK15
RSK19
RSK26
RSK28
RSK29
RSK32
RSK37
RSK48
RSK49
N-2, P-2
N-3, P-2
SHL-11
SHL-19
SHP-01-36X
SHP-01-37X
SHP-01-38A
SHP-05-43
SHP-05-44
Groundwater Elevation
(ftAMSL)
217.98
218.67
218.63
218.09
218.97
218.78
218.63
218.63
217.99
218.18
218.38
217.85
217.94
218.37
219.83
217.86
217.71
218.21
217.47
217.66
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                          46
Table F2.  Data used to Create April 28, 2008, Potentiometric Surface
Monitoring
Point
RSK7
RSK12
RSK15
RSK19
RSK24
RSK25
RSK26
RSK27
RSK28
RSK29
RSK30
RSK32
RSK33
RSK34
RSK35
RSK37
RSK48
RSK49
N-1 , P-3
N-2, P-2
N-3, P-2
N-5, P-2
SHL-11
SHL-19
SHL-20
SHM-05-46A
SHP-01-36X
SHP-01-37X
SHP-05-43
SHP-05-44
Groundwater Elevation
(ft AMSL)
217.49
218.39
218.16
217.77
219.32
218.75
218.71
219.00
218.75
218.48
218.29
218.53
218.03
218.19
217.90
217.46
217.76
217.82
215.74
217.38
217.46
221.55
218.13
218.79
218.27
214.63
217.39
217.21
217.26
217.35
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                          47
Table F3.  Data used to Create June 10, 2008, Potent!ometric Surface
Monitoring
Point
RSK7
RSK12
RSK19
RSK24
RSK25
RSK26
RSK27
RSK28
RSK29
RSK30
RSK32
RSK33
RSK34
RSK37
RSK48
STAFF1
N-1 , P-3
N-2, P-2
N-3, P-2
N-5, P-2
N-7, P-2
SHL-3
SHL-5
SHL-10
SHL-11
SHL-19
SHL-21
SHL-23
SHM-05-45A
SHP-01-36X
SHP-01-37X
SHP-05-43
SHP-05-44
SHP-95-27X
SHP-99-35X
Groundwater Elevation
(ft AMSL)
217.34
218.17
217.64
219.10
218.53
218.52
218.79
218.56
218.30
218.10
218.34
217.79
217.86
217.38
217.65
217.18
216.84
217.27
217.32
221.14
227.32
218.94
214.10
217.77
217.95
218.53
214.86
214.85
213.66
217.16
217.03
216.83
217.06
223.08
223.32
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                          48
Table F4. Data used to Create August 19-21, 2008, Potent!ometric Surface
Monitoring
Point
RSK7
RSK12
RSK15
RSK19
RSK24
RSK25
RSK26
RSK27
RSK28
RSK29
RSK30
RSK32
RSK33
RSK34
RSK35
RSK37
RSK41
RSK43
RSK48
RSK49
STAFF1
N-1 , P-3
N-2, P-2
N-3, P-2
N-5, P-2
N-7, P-2
SHL-3
SHL-5
SHL-10
SHL-12
SHL-13
SHL-18
SHL-19
SHL-21
SHL-23
SHM-05-45A
SHM-05-46A
SHP-01-36X
SHP-01-37X
SHP-01-38A
SHP-01-38B
SHP-05-43
SHP-05-44
SHP-95-27X
SHP-99-35X
Groundwater Elevation
(ft AMSL)
217.62
218.42
218.33
217.89
219.62
219.08
218.84
218.95
218.66
218.48
218.30
218.47
218.05
218.04
217.85
217.73
217.75
217.72
217.88
217.92
217.47
217.41
217.60
217.67
220.24
227.32
219.45
215.76
218.31
228.91
215.08
220.26
219.15
215.24
215.21
214.33
214.59
217.52
217.39
217.97
218.10
217.07
217.34
224.75
222.47
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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                                          49
Table F5. Data used to Create September 15, 2008, Potent!ometric Surface
Monitoring
Point
RSK7
RSK12
RSK15
RSK19
RSK25
RSK26
RSK27
RSK28
RSK29
RSK30
RSK32
RSK33
RSK34
RSK35
RSK37
RSK48
RSK49
STAFF1
N1,P3
N2,P2
N3,P2
N5,P2
N6,P1
N7,P2
SHL-3
SHL-10
SHL-11
SHL-12
SHL-13
SHL-18
SHL-19
SHL-21
SHL-23
SHM-05-45A
SHP-01-37X
SHP-05-43
SHP-05-44
SHP-95-27X
SHP-99-29X
SHP-99-35X
Groundwater Elevation
(ft AMSL)
217.65
218.41
218.34
217.89
219.05
218.81
218.86
218.62
218.43
218.25
218.42
217.97
217.94
217.74
217.71
217.91
218.04
217.54
217.20
217.60
217.66
220.08
222.93
227.25
218.92
218.65
218.13
229.10
215.09
220.19
219.13
214.78
214.68
214.73
217.40
216.97
217.28
224.81
221.15
222.43
FINAL
4 June 2009
EPA/ORD

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