United States
   Environmental Protection
   Agency, Region 1
              Common Sense Initiative-
              Computer and Electronics Sector
EPA-901-R-98-002
February 1998
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                       Residential Collection of
Household End»o£-Life Electrical
         and Electronic Equipment
                      Pilot Collection Project
                               EPA

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                              UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                                       REGION 1  ,
                                          JOHN F. KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING
                                         BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02203-0001
                                                                                               OFFICE OF THE
                                                                                           REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR
L.         As the Information Highway becomes more and more a part of our everyday life, it seems that computers and
           electronic equipment are on every office desktop, in every retail store and, more and more, in every home.
F         The ingenuity and productivity of the computer and electronics industries produce machines that do more
,;L         work than ever before, and do it faster!  However, this amazing technological proliferation raises a new
           concern: What happens to all of this equipment when it is no longer useful?
ii  j'
j_         One promising solution — a solution EPA is taking a close look at —  is the recovery and recycling used
           electrical and electronic equipment. Unwanted or unneeded equipment can be used to provide a number of
p         benefits.  Functioning equipment can find new homes in schools and with community groups. Equipment
J_         that doesn't work can be taken apart or "demanufactured" so that the component materials — glass, metal,
           plastic etc.— can be recycled into new computers or other products. In fact, there is a growing industry that
           does just that -- providing thousands of pieces of useful equipment by recycling components of older
           electronic products.
P         Unfortunately, little information exists on what happens to computers and electronic equipment at the end of
|           their useful life, making it difficult to establish effective measures to promote their recycling, hi order to
""         generate data about the fate of such equipment, EPA sponsored a series of residential collections of used
           electrical and electronic equipment that took place is 1996 and 1997 in Somerville, Massachusetts and
I           Binghamton, New York.  As a result of these collections, for the first time there is now data on the type and
L          amount of material collected, transportation and demanufacturing costs of the material, and the percentage of
 __         recyclable materials in such equipment.
i
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i-         This report provides detailed information on these efforts. Additionally, it provides essential information on
           how communities might undertake electronics collection project - helping communities and entrepreneurs
P         determine the economic viability of residential electronic equipment recycling.
L_
           This project is part of the Computer and Electronics Sector of the Common Sense Initiative (CSI), EPA's
r*         flagship program for developing more flexible, innovative approaches to environmental protection. Launched
L.,         by EPA Administrator Carol Browner in 1994, the Common Sense Initiative involves bringing together
           representatives from federal, state, and local governments, environmental advocate organizations, labor, and
r"         industry together to create cleaner, cheaper, and smarter ways to protect public health and the environment.

           I am pleased to present this report to you and encourage you to use the information included within to help
,-         make America a safer, healthier, more beautiful place.
i                              '                      •                               -"
¥
          John P. DeVillars
          Regional Administrator
          EPA's New England Office
                       Recycled/Recyclable.Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on 100% Recycled Paper (40% Postconsumer)

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             TABLE OF CONTENTS                           r
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                                                        Page
 Acknowledgments                                       1             j~"
 Executive summary                                       2             »
 1.0 INTRODUCTION                                    9             __
      1.1 Background                                                  j
      1.2 Goals of the Pilot Project                                         '
      1.3 Project Team                                                  ^
 2.0 PILOT COLLECTION AND PLANNING                  11             j
      2.1 Community Selection and Profile
      2.2 Regulatory Issues                                              r-
      2.3 Equipment Specifications and Data Collection                         |
      2.4 Fee for Collection Services
      2.5 Outreach                                                      H
      2.6 Onsite Logistics                                                 L
 3.0 COLLECTION EVENTS                               27
      3.1 Commodities Collected
      3.2 Somerville - November 2,1996
      3.3 Binghamton - November 9,1996
      3.4 Somerville - April 19,1997
      3.5 Binghamton-May 10,1997
      3.6 Summary of Participation
4.0 DEMANUFACTURING/REUSE/DISPOSAL OF MATERIAL
   COLLECTED                                        37
      4.1 Transportation
      4.2 Demanufacturing
      4.3 Reuse
      4.4 Final Disposition                                                 p
5.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE PILOT                              L
   COLLECTIONS                                      44
      5.1 Costs and Revenues Included in Economic Analysis
      5.2 Unit Market Value of Recovered Materials
      5.3 Transportation Costs
      5.4 Labor Costs
      5.5 Somerville Economic Evaluation
      5.6 Binghamton Economic Evaluation
      5.7 Summary
6.0 CONOUJSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS            51
      6.1 General Conclusions
      63. Improving the Economics           ^ •"• ^" *"' '• F v '"*" _ •"'"'"'.' '"'"['
      6.3 Recommendations
                                                                        L

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                  APPENDICES
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 Appendix 1
 Appendix 2
 Appendix 3
 Appendix 4
 Appendix 5
 Appendix 6
 Appendix 7
 Appendix 8
 Appendix 9
CSI Involvement and Development
CSI Detailed Workplan for Pilot Projected
Information on Binghamton and Somerville Recycling
Generator Survey
Manifest
Flier (sample)
Sample Press Releases, etc.
Training Packet
Organizing a Household Electrical
and Electronic Equipments Collection
TABLES

Table 2.1   Pemographic Profile of Binghamton NY
Table 2.2   Demographic Profile of Somerville MA
Table 2.3   Somerville MA Equipment, Staffing and Supply Needs
Table 2.4   Binghamton NY Equipment, Staffing and Supply Needs

Table 3.1   Summary of all Equipment collected
Table 3.2   Somerville Fall 1996 Collection Summary
Table 3.3   Binghamton Fall 1996 Collection Summary
Table 3.4   Somerville Spring 1997 Collection Summary
Table 3.5   Binghamton Spring 1997 Collection Summary
Table 3.6   Weight Comparison
Table 3.7   Number of Participants
Table 3.8   Number of Items Collected
Table 3.9   Origin of Participant
Table 3.10  Effective Communication
Table 3.11  Households vs. Vehicles
Table 3.12  Participating Households vs. Community Households

Table 4.1   Summary of Weights of Separated Post-consumer Electronics
Table 4.2   Somerville Fall 1996 Materials and Weights Collection Data
Table 43   Somervffle Spring 1997 Materials and Weights Collection Data
Table 4.4   Binghamton Fall 1996 Materials and Weights Collection Data
Table 4.5   Binghamton Spring 1997 Materials and Weights Collection Data
i_

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Table  5.1   Average Market Value
Table  5.2   Demanufacturing Labor Analysis
Table  5.3   Somerville Fall 1996 Values and Costs
Table  5.4   Binghamton Fall 1996 Values and Costs
Table  5.5   Somerville Spring 1997 Values and Costs
Table  5.6   Binghamton Spring 1997 Values and Costs
Table  5.7   Summary Values Including Resale
Table  5.8   Summary Values Without Resale

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 L !                                     Acknowledgments

 A        "Residential Collection of End-of-Life Electrical and Electronic Equipment Pilot
 ^        Collection Project" was prepared under U.S. Environmental Protection
          Agency(EPA)grant number X 991642-01-0 by the Northeast Resource Recovery
 {""        Association (NRRA). NRRA is a regional nonprofit organization known nationally for
 L,        having pioneered the concept of marketing municipal recyclables cooperatively.

 ]         This report was drafted by the NRRA, and was written by Peg Boyles and Spencer
 L         Bennett. Additional NRRA staff includes: Paula Dow, Russell Allen, Kim Morrell, and
 r        Pat Dervin-Fox.

          This project was managed by Christine Beling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 j"~        (EPA -New England) and directed by a workgroup formed under EPA's Common
 I      •   Sense Initiative which included: Mark Mahoney, EPA-New England, Christine Bonica,
          EPA-New England; Greg Voorhees, Envirocycle, Inc.; Patricia Dillon, Tufts University-
 f       The Gordon Institute; Hilary Eustace- Recycling Coordinator, Somerville, MA; Susan
 L        Thompson, Recycling Coordinator, Broome County; Richard King, Matsushita
         Consumer Electronics Company; Ron Stow, Lucent Technologies.
 ^        The report was peer reviewed by several members5 of the workgroup and David Isaacs,
 ^       Electronic Industries Association; Michael Winka, NJ. Department of Environmental
 ;        Protection; Mark Sharp, Matsushita Electric Corporation of America; Tony Hainault,
 ^        Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance; Doug Wolf, New Mexico Environmental
 ,—       Law Center, and George Garland, EPA-Office of Solid Waste.
 *
 E
         For more information or details on  this pilot project, please contact NRRA, PO BOX 721,
 ^       Concord, NH 03302-0721,603-224-6996, e-mail: "nrra@conknet.com'7 or for a copy of
 ^        the report EPA New England's Research Library for RCRA, JFK Federal Building, Mail
         Code SPP, Bostori, MA 02203,617-565-3282, e-mail: "friedman.fred@epamail.epa.gov7'.
 r                   ';:••.•'•.
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                                                                            p.2
                            EXECUTIVE SUMMARY                                  ^
                                                                                     I
 A. GOAL
                                                                                     r
 The Common Sense Initiative-Computers and Electronics Sector sponsored a series of         [
 collection days to recover residential end-of-life (EOL)electrical and electronic
 equipment for demanufacturing and recycling. The goals of the pilot project were:            T
                                                                                     tj
     •  to characterize the types and measure the volumes of                              _r
        end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment in the municipal waste stream          j

     •  to assess the economic viability of collecting, transporting, demanufacturing           p
        and recycling end-of-life (EOL) residential electrical and electronic equipment         •{ «
                                                                                      •i.
     «  to gauge residential consumers willingness to help offset the costs of collecting         f^
        and recycling electrical and electronic equipment                                  V

 B. APPROACH                                                                      p
                                                                                     <* -
 The collection pilots were held in two demographically similar communities:                 ^
 Somerville, Massachusetts and Binghamton, New York based on population, per capita        {
 income, state and local tax burden and weekly curbside pick-up of trash and                   ^
 recyclables.  A total of four collection days were held, two events in the Fall of 1996 in          ~,
 both Somerville and Binghamton and two events in the Spring of 1997 in both                 |
 communities.

 The collection pilots were modeled after the traditional one-day collection events for           |j/
 household hazardous waste collection; typically, a one time collection event held on
 Saturday morning and early afternoon. Outreach for the events included direct mail            p
 flyers to every household, press release to local papers, signage at local retail                   (_
 establishments and advertising on local cable access channel calendars.  A brief
 generator survey and receiving manifest were developed to record information from            P
 the collection events.  Every participant was interviewed by a volunteer who recorded          L-;
 on a manifest what materials were dropped off. A survey was then given to a
representative from each vehicle to access their motivation for participating in the              p
event, how they heard about the collection event, where they lived(in a single or                w
multiple family home), the usage of the equipment (personal or business), the age and          ^
condition of the equipment, and the willingness to pay for this type of disposal.                f

Envirocycle, Incorporated, is an electronics demanufactuer who provided in kind               p
services for the transportation, demanufacturing, recycling and disposal of all EOL             \r
equipment collected in the pilots. All EOL equipment that was collected was                  *~

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                                                                                     p.3
 '•rT
 '         transported to Envirocycle's Hallstead, Pennsylvania facility.  Envirocycle provided
 u'u        cost and revenue information for the transportation, demanufacture, marketing and
 f.,_        disposal of all materials generated from the collection pilots.

          C. PARTICIPATION RESULTS

 i         Less that 1% of the residents in the host communities participated in the collection
          event. Generally, participation increased at both sites during the second event as was
 p        expected from past history of the communities other special collection events (i.e.
 L         household hazardous waste, tire and text book collection events). This increase of
          participation was also consistent with Somerville and Binghamton's experience with
 •f"        introducing new commodities as part of increasing recyclables collection.
•L
                     Number of Households Participating vs. Number of Vehicles
 i
 L •                             Households    % Participation by Household   Total # of Households
          Somerville Fall 1996         193                0.62                   31,000
 \"        Somerville Spring 1997       250                0.80
 L         Binghamton Fall 1996         47                 0.02                   25,000
          Binghamton Spring 1997      128                0.05
f*.
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         D. CHARACTERIZATION RESULTS

         A total of 1,862 items of EOL was collected in the four collection events. The majority of
         the items collected consisted of TVS, computers and monitors, and portable audio
         equipment. These results were compiled from manifests that were completed by
         volunteers during the actual collection event

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                                                                                  p.4
                                                                                           r
   HOME VIDEO
   Table Top TV               49
   Floor Model TV              5
   VCR                      27
   AUDIO
   Port. Radio/Tape/CD          58
   Home Stereo                23
   Tape Recorder              18
   Car Audio/Tape              12
   Speakers                   23
   Electronic Instruments         1
   OFFICE
   PC/Computer                21
  Monitor                    17
  Keyboard                   18
  Printer                     12
  Copier                     0
  Fax                       0
  COMMUNICATION
  Resident Phone              8
  Business Phone              4
  Cellular Phone               o
  Cordless Phone              o
  2-Way Radio                2
  Answering Machine           4
  HOME APPLIANCE
  Microwave Oven             12
  Air Conditioner               8
  Vacuum                   17
  SMALL COUNTER TOP APPLIANCE
  Toaster Oven               23
  Can Opener                4
  Coffee Maker               11
  Food Processor             3
                              FALL 1996
                         Somerville   Binghamton
 MISCELLANEOUS

 TOTAL
 10

390
  23
  0
  4

  1
  26
  0
  0
  3
  1

  7
  8
  7
  2
  0
  0

  4
  0
  0
  0
  0
  4

  3
  0
  2

 12
  0
 3
 0

 35

145
                           Spring 1997
                       Somerville    Binghamton    Total
                           59
                           2
                           46

                           36
                           26
                           10
                           7
                           17
                           6

                          72
                          52
                          44
                          40
                           1
                           1

                          33
                           4
                           1
                          2
                          1
                          31

                          12
                          19
                          '7

                          29
                          4
                          20
                          4
42
10
23
82
12
7
4
6
6
19
33
26
9
0
1
22
7
1
10
1
8
12
8
18
33
6
9
2
173
17
100
177
87
35
23
49
14
119
110
95
63
1
2
67
15
2
12
4
47
39
35
54
97
14
43
9
                                         L
                                         p
                                         L-
                                         P
                                         L,
                                        •c
213          101

809          518
                                                                           1862
A total of 32,574 pounds of EOL equipment was collected in the four collection events.

                           Weight of Materials Collected

                     LOCATION      FALL 96   SPRING 97  % Increase
                     Sornervllle      7,448 Ibs.   13,723 Ibs.     84%
                     Binghamton     2,372 Ibs.     9,031 Ibs.    281%

The largest category (by weight) of items collected was TVS, air conditioners and
                                                                  r
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                                                                                        p.5
          computer equipment. The EOL equipment collected was further divided into the
          following categories for shipment to the demanufacturing facility.
 r~
 1_                                 Collections by Weight in Pounds

                                          Somerville, MA     Binghamton, NY
                      CATEGORY           Fall 96 Spring 97     Fall 96 Spring 97  TOTAL
                      Large TVS/ACs          1,665    3,508        893     2,932    8,998
                      Office Equipment          266      619        102        0      987
                      Large Electronics         1,196      762        205      878    3,041
                      Computer Equipment      852    3,529        339     1,487    6,207
                      Monitors/Small TVS        631    1,158        226     1,177    3,192
                      Small Electronics          738      584        134      761    2,217
                      Kitchen appliances         694      362        162     1,090    2,308
                      Miscellaneous           1,406    2,132        311      706    4,555
                      SUBTOTAL             7,448   12,654      2,372     9,031   31,505
 •L;
                      Resale/Computer Equipment        1 ,069
 A
                      TOTAL                7,448   13,723      2,372     9,031   32,574
          E. DEMANUFACTURING CHARACTERIZATION

 j         The equipment collected was demanufactured and the following is a breakdown of the
 —         material fractions of the equipment. Metals (49%) and plastic (33%) combined account
^         for over 82% of the collected materials. All materials were recycled and marketed with
 |           the exception of the wood which was disposed of in a municipal solid waste landfill.
 L

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                                   Summary Of Raw fiteteriais Dernanufactured
                                                                                                p.6
                                                    332 Ibs1545 ibs
                                                    Other  Wood
                                                     1%   5%
                                                             3842 ibs
                                                              CRTs
                                                               12%
                                                                                10424 Ibs
                                                                                 Pfastic
                                                                                 33%
I
                                    Total = 31,505 Ibs

Note that a total of 1,069 pounds of computer equipment collected from the Spring 97 Somerville collection tuas not
demanufactured hut resold in the same condition it was collected.

F. CONCLUSIONS

This residential collection pilot project removed more than sixteen tons of material from
municipal solid waste disposal, including some toxic constituents such as lead from
CRT glass; and cadmium, and other potentially toxic substances as pigments,
stabilizers or fire retardants in engineering plastics. The collections also captured
alkaline and nickel-cadmium batteries.
                                                                                   ; El Sornerviile, MA (I/ton)
                                                                                   j • Bingharrton, NY ($/ton)
                             Trash
                            Cofectfon
                              and
                           Recyc tables
                            Collection
                              and
                            Disposal
  Fail
Cofection
  Riot
 Spring
Collection
  Riot

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 I        The economic analysis from this pilot program to recover household electrical and
 u       electronic equipments from the municipal/small business waste stream ranged from
 P       $159/ton to $886/ton and thus exceeded the costs of handling those wastes as trash at
 j        $75/ton or traditional recyclables at $90/ton.

 {'-"       However, it is important to note that the costs provided in this report are based on pilot
 (j       collection rates in a given area at a given time under specific marketing conditions.
         Historically/ diverting any commodity from the municipal waste stream has not become
 f       economical until a recovery/ reuse/recycle infrastructure has developed and matured
 L       for that commodity or group of commodities.

 j"       The general response from the residents was positive and consequently, both
 t_.       Binghamtori and Soinerville are including an end-of-lif e electrical and electronics
 ^       collection in their 1998 solid waste program. Based on the lessons learned here, each
 j        community plans on modifying the collection model and strategy to collect, transport
 ^~       and demanufacture this material more iefficiently. In addition, Envirocycle will be
 /*>       marketing this type of service to municipalities and is willing to work directly with
 j        municipalities to design and develop collection programs specific to a communities
         needs.
 f**
 [        G. IMPROVING THE ECONOMICS

 p       This pilot project was designed utilizing the one day collection event model typical for
 L.       the collection of household hazardous waste. This pilot demonstrated that many
         variables impact the overall economics of the EOL electrical and electronic equipment
 f        collection. Based on the results of the pilot,  and the traditional solid waste hierarchy of
 v        reduce, reuse, recycle, incinerate and finally landfill, several recommendations begin to
 p       emerge for improving the economics of end-of-lif e electrical and electronic collection
 I        and recovery programs including:
 i_
 P             •  Efficient sorting of  EOL electrical and electronic equipment Based on the
 I                 specific objectives of the collection event, segregate equipment for toxicity,
                  existing recycling infrastructure (i.e. scrap metal), and value for
 1**                demanufacturing or traditional disposal as municipal solid waste.
 k-
               •  Evaluate partnering opportunities There are existing organizations that can
 p                be accessed for charitable donation, and reuse or job training opportunities
!_/                for working EOL electrical and electronic equipment.

j              •  Minimize transportation Costs associated with transportation argue for
*—                rrunimizing distances from the collection site to the demanufacturing facility.
 r
 !              •  Maximize load Costs associated with transportation argue that the maximum

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                                                                            p.8
         safe load be trucked from the collection site to the demanufacturing facility.

      •  Optimize the location and accessibility of the collection site To encourage
         participation utilize an existing and known site(s) for collection activities
         within a community.

      •  Minimize Collection Labor Costs Utilize volunteer labor from existing
         municipal or recycling committees for the collection event.

      •  Increase community participation Organize outreach activities to maximize
         participation and to potentially tag onto other traditional community
         collection events, i.e. text book collections, household hazardous waste
         collections, tire collections.

      •  Evaluate the communities willingness to pay Based on accepted
         community practices and expectations, determine if a fee for the collection
         service is appropriate.

H. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

The pilots conducted as part of this project followed on the traditional one day
collection household hazardous waste model utilizing a electronics demanufacturer for
reuse/resale, recycling and disposal. The results argue for improvements to the model
to enhance the economic viability of conducting end-of-life electrical and  electronic
collections in municipalities.  Every community is unique and should design a program
that is applicable to its specific needs.

Given the small quantity captured in this pilot program, it is hypothesized that an on-
going electrical and electronic equipment recycling program may have greater
participation, and may yield a final cost equivalent to the current solid waste handling
and disposal cost for a community. The economics may also be enhanced as the older
electrical and electronic equipment is passed through the system and newer, more
valuable electronic items may be recovered.

Note that there are other collection models that may be applied to end-of-life electrical
and electronic equipment that were not specifically evaluated as part of this pilot. One
collection method is partnering with local commercial business entities to organize a
municipal collection event. A second collection method is partnering with existing not-
for-profits to collect usable end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment. Finally, there
are infinite collection, reuse, demanufacturing and recycling scenarios that may be
applicable to a specific municipality. This report makes not attempt at evaluating every
type of potential scenario. The CSI work group is sponsoring additional research into
collection methodologies and will publish its findings in the Summer of 1998.

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                                                                           p.9
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

This project evolved from the Common Sense Initiative (CSD/ an innovative US.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approach to environmental protection and
pollution prevention. Launched in January 1995 under the stewardship of EPA
Administrator Carol Browner, CSI addresses environmental management by industrial
sector rather than by environmental medium (e.g., air, water, land).

CSI's 25-member Computer and Electronics Subcommittee includes senior management
staff from the electronics industry, state government and non-governmental
organizations (Appendix 1). The Subcommittee established several goals, one of which
was to eliminate regulatory barriers and provide incentives for recycling, pollution
prevention and innovative technology. An internal working group, "Overcoming
Barriers to Recycling arid Pollution Prevention," was established to address these
issues.

This working group began looking at the infrastructure for reusing and/or recycling
end of life electrical and electronic equipment (EOL) discarded as part of the nation's
solid waste stream. The group found insufficient information and data gaps on the
risks, technical feasibility and costs associated with collecting and recycling residential
electrical and electronic equipment Most available information focused on efforts to
collect, dismantle and recycle end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment from the
commercial/industrial waste stream.

To begin filling these data gaps, the workgroup decided to sponsor research into the
collection and recycling of EOL residential electrical and electronic equipment The pilot
project involved many people representing a broad range of organizations and
governmental entities. They met via monthly conference calls for more than a year,
designing the broad outlines of the pilot program and recruiting the necessary
participants.

1.2 GOALS OF THE PILOT PROJECT

The CSI sponsored a series of collection days to recover residential electrical and
electronic equipment from the waste stream (Appendix 2). The collection pilots were
modeled after traditional one-day household hazardous waste collection days. A
total of four collection events were held in two communities, one collection event in
the spring and fall for each community.

Residents were asked to bring any electrical and electronic equipment to the
collection event, including but not limited to computer equipment, televisions,

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                                                                          p.10
kitchen equipment, air conditioners, motorized toys, audio equipment and similar
items under the general rule that "if you plug it in, we want it". However, white
goods (washers, refrigerators, etc..) were specifically prohibited. Following
collection, equipment was sent to an electronics demanufacturer for evaluation of
resale value and demanufacturing into component materials.

The goals of the pilot project were as follows:

   •  to characterize the types and measure the volumes of end-of-life electrical and
      electronic equipment in the municipal waste stream

   •  to assess the economic viability of collecting, transporting, demanufacturing and
      recycling EOL residential electrical and electronic equipment

   •  to gauge residential consumers' willingness to help offset the costs of collecting
      and recycling electrical and electronic equipment

13 THE PROJECT TEAM

EPA New England served as overall project manager for the CSI subcommittee.
Members of the CSI subcommittee's "Overcoming Barriers to Recycling and Pollution
Prevention Workgroup "including representatives from the electronics industry, the
demanufacturing industry, academia, state and local governments, formed a smaller
pilot collection workgroup (hereafter the workgroup) to provide direction and
oversight of the project. The workgroup designed and shaped the pilot project,
developed a plan for public education and outreach, selected the participating
communities, established guidelines to ensure consistency between the two pilot
communities' collection efforts and oversaw the collection efforts and peer reviewed
this report.

Envirocyde, Incorporated, a Hallstead, Pennsylvania electronics demanufacturing
company with many years' experience dismantling and recycling electronic equipment
(including household electrical and electronic equipment) received from original
equipment manufacturers (OEM), offered to provide in-kind services to the pilot
project. These services included free transportation of the collected electrical and
electronic  equipment from the collection sites to Envirocycle's plant, and
demanufacturing the collected equipment for reuse or recycling in appropriate
secondary materials markets. Envirocyde provided cost information for the
transportation, demanufacture, recyclables marketing and disposal of all end-of-life
electrical and electronic equipment collected by the pilots.

The Northeast Resource Recovery Association (NRRA) was given a cooperative
agreement from EPA New England to advise the workgroup on issues involving

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                                                                                  p.ll
         materials collection and transportation, municipal operator education and general
 ~»       public education, NRRA is a regional nonprofit organization known nationally for
         having pioneered the concept of marketing municipal recyclables cooperatively. The
         NRRA coordinated the logistics (on-ground organization and education), collected and
         analyzed the data, and prepared the draft report for the pilot collection project.
/ft.
j        The Recycling Coordinator, Department of Public Works in Somerville, Massachusetts
         and me PubKc Outreach Coordinator, Broom County-Division of Solid Waste
 j-       Management in Binghamton, New York actively participated in the planningprocess
 _       for the collection days and provided on-site coordination for the collection events. In
         addition, officials of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and
f *       New York Department of Environmental Conservation Divisions of Solid Waste were
 u_       also informed of the pilot project.
f       2.0 PILOT COLLECTION PLANNING

p       2.1 COMMUNITY SELECTION AND PROFILE
1             .•.''.'
i                        ,    '  ,    ' i  'i  • ,
""       Two corrimunities with similar demographics were selected to host household electrical
**-       and electronic equipment collections in a study controlled to produce comparable
         results.
L-

p~       2.1.1 Binghamton NY
k.'       Binghamton, New York was selected as the first of the two pilot communities because
         of its proximity to Envirocyde's Hallstead plant and because Envirocyde had already
P       established a working relationship with the City's recycling program. Broome County
1        public works officials also were willing to sign on with the pilot project. The pilot data
^       is specific to Binghamton's participation. However, the collection event was open to all
1         residents of Broome County.

^       Historically, Binghamton  has been a blue-collar city, recently redeveloped for white
•         collar occupations, but which also maintains a slowly growing manufacturing base.

r*                      TABLE 2.1 Demographic Profile of Binghamton NY
(
                         Population in 1990                         53,008
,-.                       Number of Households                      25,000
|                         Per capita income                         $12,106
'-"                       Median family income                      $29,169
^                       State and local taxes                       $3,411
f                         Trends:  population toss in last five years             5%
L.                       1990 forecast of growth over next five years   5% increase

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                                                                          p.12
The Broome County Division of Solid Waste Management assumes jurisdiction over all
solid waste activities (Appendix 3) in a county that includes 24 municipalities with a
total population of 212,000. Binghamton is the County's urban "hub"; two communities,
Johnson City and Endicott, have populations of about 30,000. The County's trash,
recyclables and household hazardous waste (HHW) are aggregated at the Nanticoke
Landfill and Materials Recovery Facility, the County's only landfill. The City of
Binghamton operates a pay per bag system with curb side pick up of trash and
recyclables. Residents can drop off their own household hazardous waste, tires,
batteries, and used motor fluids at the Broome County Hazardous Waste Collection
Facflitjrthree times each month.

 Recycling is mandated by the Sate of New York, as well as, by Broome County local
law. The recycling rate in 1995 for Binghamton was 48 percent This percentage
includes commingled household paper and commingled containers, mixed household
paper collected at curb, yard waste and scrap metal. Municipal solid waste tipped at
Broome County's Nanticoke Landfill in 1996 was $40 per ton and transportation is
approximated at $35/ton for a total of $75.00/ton. Recyclables are collected curbside at
$90/ton and processed at the Broome County managed Materials Recovery Facility at
no cost or revenue for a total of $90/ton. The City devotes 15.7 percent of finances to
pay for sewerage and sanitation.
2.12 Somerville MA
To help in their search for a second host community, pilot workgroup asked EPA-New
England to locate other cities whose demographic profile closely matched
Binghamton's. After evaluating four communities EPA presented as potential choices,
the workgroup selected Somerville, Massachusetts. Someryille's population, income
and other demographic factors closely match Binghamton's (see chart below); also, the
group felt that Somerville's New England location would simplify the logistical
planning.

A suburb of Boston, Somerville historically has been a blue-and-white collar city that
lost most of its manufacturing base; only 20 percent of residents work in the city.
                 TABLE 23. Demographic Profile of Somerville MA

              Population in 1990                                   72,280
              Number of Households                                30,000
              Per capita income                                  $10,759
              Average family income                               $44,866
              State and local taxes                                 $4,021
              Trends: percent of population tost in last five yea-3             6.5%
              1990 forecast of growth over next five years         5.5 % increase

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                                                                          p.13
The Somerville Department of Public Works (DPW) assumes jurisdiction over all solid
waste activities the city (Appendix 3). The city offers curbside pick up of trash and
recyclables. The City's trash is collected and aggregated at Somerville Transfer Station
operated by Waste Management Recyclables are collected and aggregated by Prinns
Recycling. Residents can drop off their own household hazardous waste at the DPW
yard on Franey Road once per month each month from April to October.

Recycling is voluntary in the City and the diversion rate for traditional curbside
recycles such as newspapers, bottles, and cans was 15% in 1995, and remains about the
same to date. There is diversion of other materials from the solid waste stream mat is
not quantified. These items include: yard and food wastes composted through the
backyard composter distribution program, scrap metal, automobile  tires, and used
engine oil through special programs for these items/ and a broad range of household
hazardous wastes diverted through Somervifle's permanent HHW center.

Businesses may use City services for sanitation or recycling through a decal system.
This constitutes less than 10% of the MSW> and less than 1% Of the recycling tonnage.
There is recycling through private haulers at both commercial entities and multi-unit
dwellings/ but this is not quantified by the City. Sewer sludge is handled by the
Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and in not included in diversion
rate figures.
                 1 i.",,,,..'          •   '                   -  , , ,   ,
Somerville tips solid waste at the Somerville Transfer Station for a cost of $45.85/ton
and transportation is $27;00/ton for a total of $ 72.85/ton. The cost of collection of
curbside recyclables is $67.00 /ton arid a tip fee of $22.50/ton for a total cost of
$89.50/ton. ISlote that because the transfer station is located within Somerville's
borders, tiife {lily receives a preferential tipping fee. This City devotes approximately
3.7% of its finances to sewerage and sanitation.
          '|. ' ;y, ,!.;,,,'•;;
2.2 REGULATORY ISSUES

The collection of EOL equipment should be undertaken reviewing all applicable federal,
state and local laws and regulations. Federal, state and local governments all may share
regulatory authority over management of EOL electrical and electronic equipment
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Management of RCRA
governs both solid waste and hazardous waste.  Solid waste management is generally
under state and local authority.  Most RCRA requirements are implemented through
RCRA-authorized state laws, which may be more (but never less) stringent than federal
regulations. Both Massachusetts and New York are RCRA authorized states.

Some of the equipment collected could contain potentially hazardous materials i.e.
Cathode Ray T-ubes from TVS or computer monitors, printed wire boards from
computers, batteries from various equipment, polychloronated biphenyls (PCBs)
capacitors from some older electronic equipment, chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) in air

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                                                                         p.U
conditioners. The Binghamton and Somerville Collection Pilots targeted post-consumer
electrical and electronic equipment only from households and small businesses. These
materials were classified as non-hazardous "household" waste and conditionally
exempt small quantity generator (CESQG) waste. Under federal regulations,
household waste is excluded from hazardous waste regulation in 40 CFR Section 261.4
(b) (1) and may be managed as solid waste under the State solid waste management
program. This exclusion applies to any household wastes that are collected,
transported, stored, treated, disposed, recovered or reused. Under the federal RCRA
regulations, waste generated by Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators is
exempt from as long as certain restrictions are met as specified in 40 CFR 2613.

Both Somerville and Binghamton do operate hazardous waste collection facilities,
licensed to receive hazardous wastes from both households and CESQGs. These
facilities were designed to store "typical" household hazardous wastes, such as paints,
cleaners and solvents. The Somerville facility was located contiguous to the pilot
collection site. The Binghamton pilot collection site was a satellite site not contiguous to
their hazardous waste collection facility.

New York State law allows conditionally-exempt small quantity generators (such as
small business, farms  and institutions) who generate less than up to 220 Ibs. per month
of household hazardous waste to do so without a permit. Because of this exemption,
Broome County as municipal entity can collect these exempt and household wastes at
their permanent collection site and then transfer their generator status to a licensed
hauler. Because, the pilot was conducted at a satellite collection point, the project
coordinator applied for a one-day permit from the Department of Environmental
Conservation, and arranged to have two 5-gallon buckets and vermiculite fill on hand
for temporary storage of any HHW inadvertently received during the collection. The
goal being not to return any household hazardous waste to residents  participating in
the pilot. This Satellite collection area was used to store a small number of items
including, thermometers, PCB ballasts and batteries.

Massachusetts law required no special permits. However, the onsite household
hazardous waste storage facility was utilized for various items also inadvertently
brought to the collection pilot including, batteries, paints and used oil.

 23 EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA COLLECTION

The workgroup spent a lot of time discussing collection specifications for the pilot
program. Members of the group all knew that limiting the collections to computers,
computer peripherals and monitors would likely result in much higher value materials.
However, the objective was to "cast the net broadly" to allow a wide  range of devices
powered by either a battery or a electrical plug to meet the goal of determining what
types of consumer EOL electrical and  electronic equipment is being discarded in the
municipal waste stream.

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                                                                                      p.15
         The collection did not in any way limit types of end-of-life electrical and electronic
 _^      equipment and accepted any type of electronic, electrical or similar device that operates
 !        on batteries or has a plug including the following:

  ,                 Televisions      Air conditions   Microwaves       Toasters
 <                   Stereo systems   Speakers      Hairdryers       Powered toys
 L                  Office equipment  Electric heaters  Lamps           Power tools
                    CD players      VCRs         Calculators       Vacuum cleaners
 p                  Computers      Printers       Cables and wires   Computer monitors
 _                  Telephones      Fax machines   Coffee makers     Clocks
' u       The group also decided to invite the participation of businesses with up to 25
,____       employees. Lacking the markets and economies of scale available to large business
|        operations, small businesses typically do not recycle electrical and electronic
^       equipment; much of this material is entering municipal landfills.

!        The traditional solid waste management hierarchy is to reduce, reuse, recycle,
 "~       incinerate and landfill. In keeping with this hierarchy that favors reuse over recycling,
>-       some workgroup members argued forcefully in favor of separating for reuse those
         collected items that were still working or refurbishable. While the group agreed that
         normal municipal electrical and electronic equipments collections should separate
f       reusable items, in the interests of obtaining comparable data on demanufacturing from
i_       the four collections, all materials collected during this pilot project would be shipped to
         the dernanufacuter for evaluation.

L-       The group developed a Generator Survey for participants at each collection event to fill
         out while waiting for staff to unload items from their vehicles. (Appendix 4) The survey
1         was designed to develop an understanding of why people participated, how they.
^       learned about the event, whether they represented a household or a business, whether
         they would be willing to pay a fee to help support electrical and electronic equipment
I         recycling and what household electronics were currently in use or in storage at the
*""       home or business.

V         To quickly tally and categorize the electrical and electronic equipment items as they
         were received during the collection events, the  group developed a receiving manifest
r-       (Appendix 5) to be filled out by volunteer staff.
I
         2.4 FEE FOR COLLECTION SERVICES

L       One of the original goals of the pilot project was to determine residents' and small
         businesses' willingness to help support the cost of recycling electrical and electronic
[""       equipment. The fall collection event in Binghamton did include a 52 fee per

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                                                                           p.16
participating vehicle. The money collected went to support Broome County's recycling
education and outreach programs.  The fee was dropped in the Spring collection.

There was no fee collected in either of the Somerville collections. While there is  no
local ordinance that precludes Somerville from charging a fee for participating in
special collection events, the City has determined that fees generally deter voluntary
program participation. In general, Somerville residents  view a fee as additional
taxation, therefore as a matter of public policy, Somerville will not charge for any solid
waste or household hazardous waste collections.

The generator survey utilized in the Spring collections also specifically questioned the
participants, "To help offset costs of collection and recycling, would you be willing to
pay to drop off your electronics?" The survey gave the following choices, (1) $1-5, (2)
$5-10 or (3) greater than $10.

2.5 OUTREACH

To inform residents and small business owners about the consumer electrical and
electronic equipment collection days, the pilot workgroup decided on five outreach
strategies to be used in both participating communities.

    1. Flyers  The group decided to mail an informational flyer (Appendix 5) to each
    household in Somerville and Binghamton and to make flyers available at retail
    electronics stores and public buildings. The flyer was a simple three-panel flyer
    introducing the pilot project, explaining what items to bring and giving directions
    to the collection site. Each flyer also included a brief message from an appropriate
    public official (Somerville's mayor, Broome County's County executive).

    Since participation in the collection days was limited to households and businesses
    with fewer than 25 employees, the flyers provided Envirocycle's toll-free number to
    call for information about recycling larger quantities of electrical and electronic
    equipment

    The pilot workgroup initially planned to translate the direct-mail flyers in several
    different languages to reflect the ethnic diversity of the host communities. The high
    cost of producing and distributing several different versions of the flyer forced the
    workgroup to abandon this strategy. Even deciding which languages to include in
    the multi-lingual versions would have been difficult, since both Somerville and
    Binghamton contain many non-English speaking minority groups, with no single
    group comprising a significant percentage of the overall population.

    NRRA staff developed the flyer with in-house desktop publishing software,
    delivering the document to a Docutech printer on disk. The flyers were mailed
    about two and a half weeks before each collection day to all households in the

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                                                                          p.27
    community. An additional 3,000 flyers were printed for distribution at public
    buildings and retail outlets selling household electrical and electronic equipment.

    2. Chambers of Commerce and Members Notification The group discussed
    notifying local chambers of commerce and opted not to outreach directly to this
    entire group, but selectively notified businesses that repaired electrical and
    electronic equipment that were members of the Chamber,  m general, outreach can
    be accomplished via direct contact/visitation at meeting, a presentation and written
    communication.

    3. Public service announcements/community calendar listings on local radio,
    cable and network TV stations The group discussed using public service
    announcements and decided that there was too much disparity between the two
    communities to utilize this advertising mechanism.  However, each community
    calendar did publicize the events.

    4. Press releases Because most government jurisdictions have established
    procedures for handling press releases (Appendix 6), as well as mailing lists for
    local media, the workgroup assigned responsibility for developing and distributing
    press releases to Somerville and Broome County project coordinators.

    5. Press conference involving local officials A press conference was organized in
    both Binghamton and Somerville.

2.5.1 Somerville
Because Somerville is a suburb of the much-larger city of Boston, news important to
Somerville residents has difficulty penetrating the Boston newspapers, TV and radio
stations. Historically, direct-mail flyers have worked well to inform Somerville
residents of special solid waste, household hazardous waste or recycling collections.

EPA, in conjunction with the Somerville city public relations department developed a
press release sent to major local and Boston news media (Appendix 7). In mid-October,
the Somerville Mayor, the EPA-New England regional administrator and NRRA's
executive director held a joint press conference at the Somerville site on Wednesday,
October 16. The Somerville Journal  attended and printed a story on the collection event.
In addition, the local cable station ran announcements of the collection on its daily
calendar of events section.

The Somerville recycling coordinator and the EPA project  manager appeared together
October 17 on the weekly cable TV show, The Mayor's Report, hosted by the editor of
the Somerville Journal and the mayor, spending a full 20 minutes discussing the
collection pilot.

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                                                                          p,18
In early October, from a mailing list supplied by the Chamber of Commerce, a letter
containing information about the collection was mailed to each of the dozen businesses
selling consumer electrical and electronic products in Somerville, along with two signs
to post in the stores announcing the event and two dozen flyers for distribution to
customers.

Two weeks before the November 2 collection, flyers were mailed to 32,124 Somerville
households. Flyers were also distributed at the public works facility and set out in
public buildings.

2.5.2 Binghamton
As the "urban" hub of Broome County, Binghamton is home to three network TV
affiliate stations, six FM radio stations and their AM. The country administrator holds
frequent, well-attended news conferences to bring forward issues of public importance.
Broome county mailed a press release on the event in early-October to local residents.

A news conference was held at the County office building. Three radio stations, two TV
stations, and the local newspaper attended the conference. Envirocycle also held a
facility tour attended by one TV station and approximately six members of Broome
County Business & Industry Committee (called Broome County Waste Coalition).
Several of these people also served as volunteers at the collections. Another newspaper
had previously featured Envirocycle in a business article, so they did not participate in
the tour.

2.6 ONSITE  LOGISTICS

A total of four collection events were planned to be held on Saturdays in the two host
communities: a fall and spring collection event in both Somerville, Massachusetts and
Binghamton, New York.

2.6.1 Logistics Overview
NRRA staff met with public works department employees of bom Somerville and
Broome County and with Envirocycle to develop a detailed logistical plan for each
community.  Logistics planning for both sites involved:

   •  selecting the dates and hours for collections
   •  choosing a site for the collection that would be central and accessible
   •  designating zones within each site for unloading vehicles, storing the equipment
      received, loading Envirocycle's trucks and handling paperwork, as well as break
      areas for workers
   •  planning traffic flow patterns to prevent bottlenecks and possible dangers to
      workers, volunteers and participants
   •  estimating participation rate and volume of materials to be collected

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                                                                          p.19
   •  developing a plan for paid and volunteer staff to welcome incoming participants
      and direct them to the unloading site, unloading the vehicles, sorting the
      equipment into categories and loading the materials into Envirocycle's box
      trailer
   •  protecting incoming materials from the weather
   •  selecting the mix of supplies and equipment for storage, loading and
      transportation of the equipment
      managing interactions with other operations going on simultaneously at the site
      training collection day volunteers and paid employees
      ensuring the safety of employees and volunteers
      providing refreshments for workers
      developing and printing participant surveys and shipping manifests

Dates  The project group selected Saturday for the one-day collections. Throughout
most of the Northeast, Saturday is the traditional "dump day", when residents take
their trash and recyclaijies to ihe municipal solid waste facility or prepare them for
pick-up. People are on the move; stores and public libraries are open. Volunteers who
work full-tune jobs during the week become available to staff the collection events.

Although the group had planned to hold the first collection in late summer or early fall
(to coincide with back-to-school/fall houseclearting), funding delays pushed the
collection dates forward into early November of 19%, with the second collections held
in mid-April (Somerville) and early May (Binghamton).

Municipal coordinators aimed for Saturdays that would not conflict with major
community events (e.g., graduations, city-wide festivals). The project workgroup
deemed the winter months inappropriate; major debilitating snow^and ice storms are
common throughout the Northeast between early December and :early March.

The workgroup also decided to hold the two collection events six months apart rather
than on consecutive days or weekends. This would enable local project coordinators to
respond to callers who missed the first collection date by urging them to mark the
second date on their spring calendars.

Storage and Handling Envirocyde provided a 48' box trailer and a straight-body truck,
gaylord boxes for storing the small equipment, pallets and shrink wrap for securing and
moving the larger equipment. Kitchen appliances and small electronic devices were
sorted into gaylord boxes; the other categories of large equipment were kept separate,
then loaded onto pallets and shrink-wrapped for shipment (TVS, air conditioners, etc.).

Pallet jacks and a forklift handled the heavy lifting, with pallet jacks hoisting and
mo\ong gay lords and pallets around on the ground and the forklift being used for

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                                                                           p.20
loading Envirocycle's trailer and truck. In case of rain, workers could use the straight
truck for dry storage.

Training  All workers came an hour before the start of each collection day for a brief
training session. Training packets were handed out to workers arriving for training
(Appendix 7).

Onsite Paperwork A brief generator survey and receiving manifest were utilized to
record information from the collection events (Appendix 4 and 5). As each vehicle
pulled into the unloading zone, a volunteer at the unloading area recorded each item
received onto a receiving manifest form—one manifest form per vehicle-Hvhile other
volunteer unloaded the equipment Every participant was interviewed by a volunteer
who recorded on a manifest what materials were dropped off. A survey was then given
to a representative from each vehicle to access their motivation for participating in the
event, how they heard about the collection event, where they lived(in a single or
multiple family home), if this was personal or business equipment, the age and
condition of the equipment, and their willingness to pay for this type of disposal.
Before the vehicle left the unloading area, another volunteer would collect the survey
form the participant had filled out during unloading

Safety Issues  To minimize congestion, confusion and the possibility of accidents or
injuries, participants were asked to remain in their cars filling out their questionnaires
during unloading. The project workgroup agreed that local public works employees or
Envirocycle employees only be involved with unloading participants' vehicles and
loading gaylord or pallets onto Envirocycle's trucks as concern for the potential for
lifting injuries. This safety issue also involves site insurance concerns - while most local
government-owned sites carry liability insurance sufficient to cover volunteers and
facility users, worker compensation insurance typically does not cover volunteer
workers. Volunteers were given a brief safety awareness training prior to their work
shift.

To help ensure site safety, the following equipment was provided: reflective safety vests
to identify all workers, reinforced-palm gloves for each worker handling equipment,
signs and a dozen traffic flags  for directing traffic flow, plastic orange cones to funnel
traffic to and from designated  drop-off areas. In addition, workers loading or unloading
equipment were encouraged to wear heavy-duty or steel-toe work boots.

Weather Weather-related concerns included shelter (break areas out of weather)  for
volunteer staff and protection  of materials being collected. The ideal situation (as in
Binghamton) is to have vehicles drive-through into a covered building for unloading.
Lacking that the workgroup envisioned that in poor weather, workers might load
materials directly onto the tailgate of box-trailer/transport, volunteers load gaylords
from there. This poses challenges for loading two-deep into the truck to maximize load.

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                                                                           p.21
2.6.2 Somerville logistics

The NRRA met with die Somerville Recycling Coordinator and Department of Public
Works staff approximately two months prior to the first collection day. The Somerville
public works facility was the site of the fall and spring collections. The site is centrally
located, easily accessible and already serves as a drop-off site for traditional municipal
recyclables and household hazardous waste. Lacking a building large enough to
accommodate drive-through traffic and unloading activities, the Somerville collections
were conducted in a spacious, paved open area.

A permanent HHW collection facility at the site increased its desirability. Experienced
municipal solid waste managers know that no matter how carefully the public is
educated and no matter how diligent the volunteers, hazardous waste may
intentionally or unintentionally appear in any municipal recycling collection.

The Somerville site consisted of four zones:

   Zone A The entry to the site, where volunteers welcomed participants, answered
   questions, and distributed survey forms, clipboards and pencils to each vehicle.
   Because the facility is open on Saturdays to residents dropping off household
   recyclables such as paper, cans and bottles, planners special provisions for
   identifying at the gate and diverting participants in the pilot project to an area
   designated as the recycling area by means of volunteer "greeters" wearing bright
   orange safety vests.

   Zone B The entry to the unloading zone, was staffed by a single volunteer who
   counted and logged the vehicles entering the unloading circle while directing
   drivers into the proper traffic lanes.

   Zone C The unloading area, incorporated two u-shaped traffic lanes with a bank of
   gaylord storage boxes to the right of Lane 1's entry and the left of Lane 2's entry.
   The workgroup estimated this would provide enough space for 6 vehicles being
   unloaded simultaneously in each lane or two lanes of six vehicles. Zone C was
   staffed by 8 volunteers who completed the receiving manifest forms and stapled
   them to the survey forms collected from participants, unloaded the equipment from
   participants' vehicles and placed them into the appropriate gaylord boxes, and
   directed the vehicles around the U-turn and out of the zone.

   Zone D The exit was staffed by one volunteer who directed traffic off the site.

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                        Somerville D.P.W

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                                                                                        p.23
          Project coordinators planned equipment and staffing needs for the collection around a
          one percent participation rate - about 250 vehicles based on experience with their
          household hazardous waste collection days.

          The workgroup calculated Somerville's equipment, staffing and supply needs and drew
          up the following list of equipment and supplies, assigning responsibility for each item
          to one of the pilot project partners, and indicating the zone where the material would be
          used on  collection day:

                   TABLE 2.3 Somerville MA Equipment, Staffing and Supply Needs
           Envirocyde      Zone
           53' box trailer
           box van truck with lift gate
           1 forklift            D
           2 pallet jacks        C
           125 pallets          D
           100 gaytord boxes    D
City of Somerville
6 folding tables
10 folding chairs
6 paperwork bins
2 soda coolers
safety vests
gloves and aprons
2-way radios
receipts (for businesses)
stop signs
traffic cones and flags
extension cords
Zone NRRA                 Zone
 C  4 directional signs           A
 C  24 clipboards              C
 C  6 staplers                 C
 C  100 sharpened pencils       C
     24 pens                  C
     12 felt-tip markers           C
     surveys and manifests       C
     50 worker name tags         C
     2 25-cup coffee ums         C
     5 Ibs. coffee               C
     4 dozen donuts             C
     sugar, cream, stirrers         C
     8 large pizzas              C
     2 cases soda              C
     6 bags ice                 C

L
          Volunteers The workgroup estimated that the first Somerville collection day required
          16 workers. Somerville planned to have four to six paid public works department
          employees onsite in addition to four NRRA staff members and five workgroup
          members who volunteered their time to staff this first collection. The community was
          fortunate to be able to draw from a core group from the Somerville Environmental and
          Recycling Volunteers (SERV), a long-time, well established volunteer organization in
          Somerville.

          Volunteers and employees were instructed to arrive at the site by 8:00 a.m. on collection
          day for a brief training session before the gates opened to participants.

          Envirocyde arrived at 7 a.m. on collection day to set up gaylords, pallets and trucks at
          the receiving site.

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                                                                           p.24
 2.63 Binghamton
 The NRRA met with the Broome County pilot program coordinator two months before
 the first collection day to begin logistical planning. Planning for the City of Binghamton
 reflected the political reality that the county, rather than individual municipalities, are
 charged with the responsibility for solid waste management in Broome County. The
 project workgroup agreed that, although direct mail and other outreach strategies
 would target Binghamton residents, the collection day would be open to all Broome
 County residents and small businesses.

 The Broome County Transit Garage was utilized because of its central location,
 accessibility and previous use as a site for pilot collections of magazines and telephone
 books.:The Transit Garage itself was spacious enough to keep the unloading, materials
 separation and loading operations and clerical support operations entirely under cover.
 Similar to Somerville, the site was divided into four zones:

  Zone A  The entry to the site. Here two volunteers welcomed participants, answered
 any questions, distributed survey forms, clipboards and pencils, and collected the
 $2/vehide participation fee.

  Zone B  The entry to the unloading zone. This zone was staffed by a single volunteer
 who counted and logged the vehicles entering the unloading circle while directing
 drivers into the proper traffic lanes.

  Zone C  The completely enclosed unloading area. Coordinators planned two lanes of
 traffic with bays of storage gaylords on the outside (see attached diagram). Zone C was
 staffed by 10-12 volunteers who completed the receiving manifest forms and stapled
them to die survey forms collected from participants, unloaded the equipment and
placed them into the appropriate gaylord and directed the vehicles out through the bay
doors.

  Zone D  The exit to the facility, was staffed by one volunteer who directed traffic out
of the site.

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                     City of
                  Binghamton
                    .ot
                            Zoae
                   Zone C
                   Zone C
Btoome County '
     Garage
Zone C
                    Zone D
                -*>-
                                   Old Vesta! Rd.

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                                                                                         p.26
r
r-
 Volunteers and Training Broome County is fortunate to have several area groups that
 serve as a source of volunteers for solid waste projects: a round table of business and
 industry leaders, a community college and a State university, and the County
 Environmental Management Board, a citizen advisory group. Planners recruited 40
 volunteers from these groups.

 Training: The Broome County collection ran two shifts of volunteers. The morning
 group arrived half an hour early for brief training session. They received a volunteer
 packet, including a zone map and brief description of volunteer duties at each zone. The
 project coordinators walked volunteers through the collection process, described the
 work required of workers at each zone and offered appropriate safety reminders (e.g.,
 wear gloves at all times when unloading equipment, make eye contact with driver
 before crossing a traffic lane, call project supervisor before unloading any suspicious or
 unknown equipment from participant vehicle.) Afternoon volunteers "teamed up" with
 a morning shift to work for half an hour before the end of the morning shift.

 Supplies and Equipment Envirocycle, NRRA and Broome county solid waste officials
 developed a comprehensive list of equipment and supplies, assigning responsibility for
providing each item to one of the parties, and indicated the zone where the items would
be used. Equipment needs were figured based on a one percent participation rate: 750
vehicles overall, with the capacity to unload 100-125 cars per hour.

         TABLE 2.4 Binghamton NY Equipment, Staffing and Supply Needs
            Envirocycle
            53' box trailer.
                  Zone  City of Somerville
                        6 folding tables
            box van truck with lift gate
            1 forklift            D
            2 pallet jacks        C
            125 pallets          D
            100 gaytord boxes    D
                        10 folding chairs
                        6 paperwork bins
                        2 soda coolers
                        safety vests
                        gloves and aprons
                        2-way radios
                        receipts (for businesses)
                        stop signs
                        traffic cones and flags
                        extension cords
Zone NRRA                 Zone
 C  4 directional signs           A
 C  24 ctipboards              C
 C  6 staplers                 C
 C  100 sharpened pencils       C
     24 pens                  C
     12 felt-tip markers           C
     surveys and manifests       C
     50 worker name tags        C
     2 25-cup coffee urns         C
     5 Ibs. coffee               C
     4 dozen donuts             C
     sugar, cream, stirrers        C
     8 large pizzas              C
     2 cases soda              C
     6 bags Ice                 C

-------
                                                                              p,27


3,1                 COLLECTED

On the     of 'the collection, residents brought end-of-life electrical arid electronic
           to a central receiving facility where volunteers and workers recorded data
              the items from the residents' vehicles. Each piece of equipment was
         on a receiving manifest by a volunteer. After the manifest was completed,
other volunteers unloaded each vehicle and sorted equipment into premarked
Enliy/access to Binghainton collection site.
Unloading area at Soitterville collection site,
voliititeers record data on receiving manifest.
      on TEkwirocyde's experience recycling electronic equipment about 20 percent of
which, is household electrical and electronic equipment received from service centers,
list of      categories were developed for sorting the incoming equipment: TVs & air
conditioners, office equipment, large electronics, computer equipment, monitors and
      TVs,      electronics, kitchen appliances and miscellaneous.
Gay lords set tip to receive end-of-IIfe
equipment,
Larger end-of-tife equipment was stored
directly on pallets.


-------
                                                                            p.28
 These categories were established to improve the efficiency of the demanufacturing
 process/ and were derived from past history in processing electrical and electronic
 equipment. These categories are defined as follows:

     1. Large TVs/ACs freestanding or console-style televisions, window air
     conditioners and Freon tanks

     2. Office Equipment typewriters, telephones, answering machines, fax machines,
     electric staplers, office lighting devices, adding machines, electric pencil
     sharpeners and calculators

     3. Large Electronics microwave ovens, VCRs, stereo equipment, including
     speakers and turntables

     4. Computer Equipment printers, keyboards, disc drives, modems, cables and
     electronic storage devices (no monitors)

     5. Monitors/small TVs computer monitors and tabletop or personal televisions

     6. Small Electronics radios, tape recorders, clocks and clock radios, vacuum
     cleaners, sanders, drills, hair dryers, electric hair curlers, electric brooms, irons and
     electric toothbrushes

     7. Kitchen Appliances coffee makers, griddles, toasters, toaster ovens, seal-a-
     meals, mixers, blenders, electric fry pans and waffle irons

     8. Miscellaneous pinball machines, fans, dehumidifiers, electric heaters, small
     desk lamps, electronic toys, electronic musical equipment and other items

Overall, televisions, portable audio equipment, computers/monitors and VCRs were
collected in the largest quantities. The following summarizes the receiving manifest
data from all four collection pilots.

-------
           Table 3.1 CHARACTERIZATION RESULTS BY COMMODITY
                                                                                             p.29
                                      FALL 1996
                                      Somerville
                                             49
r~
i
L
 HOME VIDEO
 Table Top TV
 Floor Model TV               5
 VCR                       27
 AUDIO
 Port. Radio/Tape/CD          58
 Home Stereo                23
 Tape Recorder               18
 Car Audio/Tape              12
 Speakers                   23
 Electronic Instruments          1
 OFFICE
 PC/Computer                21
 Monitor                     17
 Keyboard                   18
 Printer                     12
 Copier                      0
 Fax                         0
 COMMUNICATION
 Resident Phone               8
 Business Phone               4
 Cellular Phone                0
 Cordless Phone               0
 2-Way Radio                  2
 Answering Machine           4
 HOME APPLIANCE
 Microwave Oven              12
Air Conditioner               8
 Vacuum                     17
SMALL COUNTER TOP APPLIANCE
Toaster Oven                23
Can Opener                 4
Coffee Maker                11
 Food Processor              3
          SPRING 1997
Binghamton  Somerville
        23
                  MISCELLANEOUS

                  TOTAL
                          10

                         390
         0
         4

         1
        26
         0
         0
         3
         1

         7
         8
         7
         2
         0
         0

         4
         0
         0
         0
         0
         4

         3
         0
         2

        12
         0
         3
         0

        35

       145
  59
   2
  46

  36
  26
  10
   7
  17
   6

  72
  52
  44
  40
   1
   1

  33
  4
   1
  2
   1
  31

  12
  19
  '7

  29
  4
 20
  4

213

809
Binghamton
        42
        10
        23

        82
        12
         7
         4
         6
         6

        19
        33
        26
         9
         0
         1

        22
         7
         1
        10
         1
         8

        12
         8
        18

        33
         6
         9
         2

       101

       518
TOTAL
   173
    17
   100

   177
    87
    35
    23
    49
    14

   119
   110
    95
    63
     1
     2

    67
    15
     2
    12
     4
    47

    39
    35
    54

    97
    14
    43
     9
 1862
           Note that there were a myriad of small items that were not tracked, and account for the sometimes large
           number of other devices recorded in this table. These items included pinball machines, yogurt makers,
           juicers, other various and sundry kitchen appliances, make-up mirrors, humidifiers, dehumidifiers to
           name a few.
L,,

-------
                        make-up                                to      a. few.
3,2 SOMERVILLE - NOVEMBER 2,1996

3J2JI Smnmtaxy
                    ianmng
                    given tf
       in           the weather
was lower than the recycling coordinator anticipated. Given
*xaoa offering, project coordinators felt this was in
J>          ftj" £  J
    participate in the once-a-j
                                                                     anew
                -s revealed that 74 percent of participants had learned about the
                             •;20:

         DFW    unloading participants

-------
3.22          Collected
Large TVs, air conditioners,                                  dominated
collection event. The exact       are as follows:

               TABLE 3.2 Somerville Fall 1996 Collection
               CATEGORY
               Large TVs/Ac's
               Office Equipment
               Large Electronics
               Computer Equipment
               Monitors/Small TVS
               Small Electronics
               Kitchen appliances
               Miscellaneous
               TOTAL
13
         852
       1,
23%
 4%
10%
11%
 8%
10%
 9%
19%
Materials collected in a gaylord.
          equipment collected.
3,3                 -              9, Iff 6


Overall, the event ran smoothly and efficiently, with a total of 40     from Binghamton
participated. The fact that the collection was      to aU. of Broome County boosted
overall participation to 118, Several factors          to reduce Birtghamton's
participation

-------
                                                                            p.32
    a. terrible weather: rain and snow showers
    b. a highway construction project adjacent to the collection site, which made access
    inconvenient
    c. the fact that Binghamton residents have not been conditioned to take trash or
    recyclables to the public works garage selected as the site for the collection: residents
    do not have access to a drop-off recycling facility as residents in Somerville do
    d. the high school football championship was held the same day, competing for
    residents' time and attention
    e. the $2 fee collected from each vehicle; Binghamton's project coordinator believes
    that the $2 per vehicle charge for drop-off was a disincentive to participation,
    despite the fact that Broome County already charges fees for HHW drop-off and for
    tires dropped off at the County landfill. ABinghamton residents can set out bulky
    wastes for curbside pickup at any time for no charge. The $236 collected in
    participant fees went into the Broome County recycling education and outreach
    program.

Event day surveys revealed that 68 percent of Binghamton participants learned about
the collection pilot through the flyer, 22 percent  through media and 10 percent through
friends or other means.

3.3.2 Materials Collected
Large TVS and air conditioners were the single largest category in this collection event.

               TABLE 3.3 Binghamton Fall 1996 Collection Summary

             CATEGORY             Item count     Weight  % by weight
             Large TV's/AC's                13       893        37%
             Office Equipment                 4       102         4%
             Large Electronics               33       205         9%
             Computer Equipment              9       339        14%
             Monitors/Small TVS             25       226        10%
             Small Electronics               15       134         6%
             Kitchen appliances                3       162         7%
             Miscellaneous                  43       311        13%
             TOTAL                      145      2,372

-------
                                                      End-of-life equipment being loaded onto
                                                      tractor trailer for transport
           3A SOMERVILLE-APRIL 19,1997
I

L
P.
L
r
L,
C
r
                    frigid temperatures may have deterred participation at the second
csolllectiom errenf. The weather necessitated clearing three equipment bays in the public
                       gaylords and pallets of materials prior to loading onto
                   To alleviate weather stress on volunteers, project managers rotated
                   traffic control positions with warm, dry replacements every half
                          in, unloading areas, the Somerville project manager routed.
                       , Because American drivers are accustomed to moving
                around traffic circles and roundabouts, this directional change caused
                                  w challenges, Somerville's second collection day
               smoothly. In fact, the pilot project has convinced the city to incorporate
         collections into its solid waste management planning.
                    ? to eliminate the press release, press conference and, cable TV
                                        3, Somerville residents get their news from
                 > stations and newspapers; mass media has traditionally not been
useful for cttTOttanicating local information to residents; direct mail has been much
      uicioessfuL) In addition, for comparability no public service .announcements were
      i BmajhaMniton to advertise the event.
          •^jf
FailMpatioa m the spring collection increased from 193 to 250, a 21% increase, despite
r

-------
                                                                                       p.34
            the bad weather and lack of press outreach. The weight of materials collected nearly
 r          doubled, from 7,448 Ibs. in November to 13,723 Ibs. in April. Eight-nine percent of
 L          participants learned about the spring collection from direct mail flyers.

 f~          The spring collection participants from each vehicle were surveyed on their willingness
 L          to pay for this services. The survey question on willingness to pay revealed that of 146
            respondents, 118 were willing to pay between $1 and $5 for drop-off, 27 were willing to
 I*"          pay between $5 and $10 for drop-off and 2 were willing to pay over $10 for drop-off of
 ! -          EOL equipment.

 |           3.4.2 Materials Collected
 ^          Large TVS, air conditioners, and computer equipment dominated this collection event.
            Over 1,000 pounds of resalable electronic items were received.
 I
 L~                        TABLE 3.4 Somerville Spring 1997 Collection Summary

 \                       CATEGORY          Item count      Weight (Ibs) % by weight
                        Large TV's/AC's              21             3,508       28%
 ^                      Office Equipment             36             619        5%
 )                       Large Electronics             89             762        6%
 <-•                      Computer Equipment           84            3,529       28%
                        Monitors/Small TVS          183            1,158        9%
 P                      Small Electronics             70             584        4%
 L                       Kitchen appliances            57             362        3%
                        Miscellaneous               269            2,132       17%
 -                      SUBTOTAL                809           12,654
 I                       Reuse                                   1,069
 1                       TOTAL                               13,723lbs.

 r~
 I
 L          3.5BINGHAMTON-MAY10,1997

 f           3.5.1 Summary

 _           Logistically, planners maintained substantially the same format. As a strategic move to
 [           determine if dropping the $2 fee would encourage participation, Binghamton/Broome
 >-           County dropped the $2 per vehicle charge during the spring collection.

 I           With better weather, elimination of the fee, no on-site construction or nearby highway
 - •           paving to create traffic bottlenecks and no competing community events, participation
^           among Binghamton residents nearly tripled from 47 to 128, which included 10 who had

-------
                                                                          p.35
The spring collection participants from each vehicle were surveyed on their willingness
to pay for this services. The survey question on willingess to pay revealed that of 76             p
respondents, 62 were willing to pay between $1 and $5 for drop-off, 5 were willing to             ^
pay between $5 and $10 for drop-off and 1 was willing to pay over $10 for drop-off of
EOL equipment.                                                                        p

3.5.2 Materials Collected                                                                 _
                                                                                       i

Large TVS, air conditioners, and computer equipment were the predominant categories           ^
collected.
                                                                                       p

             TABLE 3.5 Binghamton Spring 1997 Collection Summary                      k
                                                                                       r™-
                                    Item                                                ;
                CATEGORY          Count    Weight   % By Weight
                Large TVs/ACs           18      2,932         33%
                Office Equipment          16         0          0%                          P
                Large Electronics          41       878         10%                          I
                Computer Equipment      35      1,487         16%
                Monitors/Small TVS        94  .    1,177         13%                          p
                Small Electronics         111       761           8%                          !fc
                Kitchen appliances         50      1,090         12%
                Miscellaneous           153       706          8%                          ,__
                TOTAL                518      9,031                                       I



3.6 SUMMARY OF PARTICIPATION AND MATERIALS COLLECTED                      [^

Weight comparisons by community and collection date are shown below.                       —
                                                                                      L
                        TABLE 3.6 Weight Comparison

                  LOCATION  FALL'96    SPRING'97 % Increase                            L
                  Somerville   7,448 Ibs.    13,723 Ibs.         84%
                  Binghamton  2,372 Ibs.     9,031 Ibs.        281%                           -
                                                                                      r™1
                                                                                      t~

-------
                                                                                       p.36
             Another aspect of the collection was to determine the origin of the residents                    |
j             contributing to the collection event                                                       •*


r-.                                   TABLE 3.7 Origin of Participant                                 *
F

                                                                                                   1
                                             HOUSEHOLDS      APARTMENT     BUSINESS
i                  Somerville Fall >96                     62%             38%           0%
v~                Somerville Spring >97                   50%             48%           2%              •
_                Binghamton Fall >96                    66%             26%           8%
j                  Binghamton Spring >97                  81%             16%           3%              "
L—.               ' '
                                                                                                   •ft>
,_           The most effective communication method was the mass communication flyer, with              :
\             general media communication being a distant second.

r-                                 TABLE 3.8 Effective Communication                               i;
f

L                                            FLYER   MEDIA  FRIEND   OTHER                      f
,_                       Somerville Fall'96          74%     20%     3%      3%                      £
!                         Somerville Spring'97        88%     8%     3%      1%
-                        Binghamton Fall'96         68%     22%     5%      5%
                         Binghamton Spring'97       57%     34%     4%      5%
r~
I
W..JV                                         '
             This study also tracked the number of households included in each vehicle.
!
i
'i	„

                                   TABLE 3.9 Households vs. Vehicles
 r
                                                                    ADDITIONAL
                                           HOUSEHOLDS  VEHICLES HOUSEHOLDS
                        Somerville Fall'96               193        178           15
                        Somerville Spring'97             250        212           38
                        Binghamton Fall "96              47        40            7
                        Binghamton Spring "97            128        114           14


-------
                                                                        p.37
This table compares the participating households to the total number of households.

         TABLE 3.10 Participating Household vs. Community Household

                                                                                      r™i
                        HOUSEHOLDS IN  HOUSEHOLDS PARTICIPATED
                          COMMUNITY       Fall'96       Spring'97
           Somerville               31,000           193           250                    -
           Binghamton              25,000            47           128                    i i


                                                                                      r
Finally, generally over half of the participants were willing to support the collection              [,
through a cash payment. A comparison of the willingess to pay for the Spring
collections follows.                                                                     p-

                                Total  Would
                              Surveyed  Pay    $1-5   $5-10  >$10
              Somerville April-97       212    146    118    27     2                       I
              Binghamton May 97      114     76    62      5     1                       w

4.0 DEMANUFACTURING/REUSE/DISPOSAL OF MATERIAL COLLECTED               f
                                                                                     •tev

The EOL electrical and electronic equipment collected in the four events were                  r-
transported to a single demanufacturing facility, Envirocyde's facility in Hallstead PA.          [_

4.1 TRANSPORTATION                                                               r

The EOL was loaded onto Envirocyde's truck at the end of each collection event. The
equipment was trucked in by one tractor-trailer and a 53-foot van trailer.                       P

4.2 DEMANUFACTURING

After the equipment was delivered to the facility, each of the eight category of items             "-
was weighed, demanufactured. The plan was to demanufacture all the post-consumer
electrical and electronic equipment collected to determine their economic value. Each            f~
category was weighed, then disassembled into its components or materials then                -
recycled for its content. Envirocyde also recorded the labor necessary to weigh and             _
disassemble the EOL items from each collection event.                                      I
                                                                                     L
All materials were recyded with the exception of the wood (which was derived                _
primarily from console TVS). In the vicinity of Envirocyde's facility in Pennsylvania,            |
me practice is to dispose of this wood at a local Munidpal Solid Waste landfill.                  ^

Definitions  of material streams resulting from demanufactured electrical and electronic          I
equipment are listed below alphabetically:
                                                                                     r-

-------
                                                                                       p.38
I                Aluminum: a light-weight metal that conducts electricity but doesn't rust
""""              Battery: converts chemical energy into electrical energy
r-              Capacitors: stores direct electric energy                     .
_              Carcass/low grade boards: housing or frame for the electronics device
                Cast Aluminum: a heavier type of aluminum that is less malleable
[~              Clean Plastic: plastic that is homogenous and free of all contaminants
L,              Copper: reddish, malleable, ductile metal mostly used as an electrical conductor
                CRT: output device that converts electric signals into visual form. The CRT consists
f                    of three types of glass, and is at a very low pressure.
L-              Disc Drives: computers store information on a metal or plastic disk
,„,              Fans: an electric motor with a multi-armed blade attached to move air
|                Freon Tanks: storage device for refrigerant chemicals
                Metal: various grades of scrap metal
r-              Motors: device that transfers electric energy into motion
;               Phone Plastic: black and white plastic dismantled from a telephone
                Power Supply: converts alternating current into direct current
f"              Radiators: dissipate heat energy generated by the electronic device
I.              Refine Boards: a higher grade of boards (i.e. mother board, processors) with much
                             more metals value
f~              Scrap Plastic pieces of plastic that are contaminated with paint, connectors, or foam
^                          or has two different types of plastic molded together
                Toner Cartridge: a plastic cartridge used to hold ink or carbon for copiers and fax
T"                             machines
L~              Transistors: semiconductors housed in a metal case with wire leads
                Wire: insulated metal strips or cables that carries electricity within the device
I               Yokes: copper and steel metal assembly at the neck of the CRT
*•—                                               '
 p-          The four collection events captured over 32,000 Ibs. of electrical and electronic
 I           equipment, which were demanufactured into twenty three recyclable commodities.
 "~          Table 4.1 shows the summary composition by percent weight of each commodity.
 r

-------
                                                                       p.39
      TABLE 4.1 Summary of Weights of Separated Post-Consumer Electronics
                                                                                    r
             SOMERVILLE  BINGHAMTON   SOMERVILLE  BINGHAMTON   TOTAL   % OF TOTAL
               FALL'96	 FALL '96     SPRING'97    SPRING '97   WEIGHTS    WEIGHT
WOOD
wood
513
subtotal! 5131
CRTs
CRT's
792
subtotal! 7921
PLASTIC
scrap plastic
carcass
dean plastic
phone plastic
674
714
310
7
subtotal! 1,7051
METAL
metal
motor
wire
aluminum
cast aluminum
copper
diskdrive
transformers
yokes
fans
radiators
freon tanks
2,554
395
241
114
0
102
132
375
65
35
164
99
subtotal! 4,2761
OTHER
refine boards
power supply
capacitors
batteries
toner
142
0
13
4
3
subtotal! 1621

Subtotals
PLUS RESALE
TOTALS
Finally, we p

7,448
7448
resent the data by catet
300
300I
688
688I
105
294
211
0
6091
351
263
45
10
23
2
36
0
0
0
0
0
7291
25
21
0
0
0
46!

2,372
2,372
96
96!
1,226
1,2261
1,529
1,672
904
0
4,105!
3305
360
281
183
0
328
272
524
193
141
877
254
7,2181
0
0
9
0
0
91

12,654
1,069
13,723
636
636!
1.136
I/I 361
1,797
1,039
1,169
0
4,0051
1,571
255
307
134
0
130
0
257
171
64
162
88
3,1391
67
0
16
0
32
1151

9,031
9,031
1,545
4.90% -
1,5451 4.90%|
3,842
p
12.19% L
3,8421 12.19%
4,105
3,719
2,594
7
13.03%
11.80% W
8.23% „
0.02% 1
104241 33.09%K
8,281
1,273
874
441
23
562
440
1,156
429
240
1,203
441
26.28% r
4.04% L
2.77%
1.40% r
0.07% 1
1.40%
3.67% r
1.36%L
0.76%
3.82%^
153621 48.76%)
234
21
38
4
35
0.74%
0.07%L
0.12%
0.01 %n
0.11%!,
3321 1.05%l

31,505
1,069
32,574
jory for each collection dates in Tables 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
f
ioo%*
L
I
1
100%T
L
and 4.5 to provide a finer level of detail.
                                                                                   c

-------
                                                                     "I
TABLE 4.2  Somervllle Fall 1996 Materials and Weights Collection Data
SOMERV1LLE: WEIGHT JNLBS:
SPRING'S?

AVG VALUE
0.005
0.030
0.018
•0.07S
0.125
0.056
0.175
0.040
0.165
0.375
0240
0575
1.000
0.200
0.060
0.030
0.17
0.035
0
0.085
0
0.15
-0.25

ITEM

scrap plastic
carcass
metal
wood
phone plastic
CRTs
dean plastic
motor
wire
aluminum
cast aluminum
copper
refine boards
diskdrive
power supply
transistors
yokes
capacitors
batteries
fans
toner
radiators
freon tanks

LQTVW
AC'S
170
85
392
19

412
28
39
52
2

99



45
26
3

30

164
99

OFFICE
EQUIPMENT
22
23
86



21
11
4
14

3
35
29

11


2
2
3



LARGE
ELECTRONICS
64
96
556
13

14
65
140
37
16


23


168
1
3






COMPUTER
EQUIPMENT
25
129
380


18
28
6
29
24


64
103

37
1
6
1
1



                                                   MONITORS/   KITCHEN      SMALL
                                                   SMALL TVs ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS
                                                                             MISC   TOTAL
                                                       121
                                                       104
                                                       40
                                                       233
                                                       49
                                                       11
                                                       20
                                                       3
                                                       22
                                                       25
                                                        98
                                                        24
                                                       377
                                                        8
                                                        49
                                                        89
                                                        27
                                                        22
                                                          94
                                                          131
                                                          139
                                                          76
                                                          6
                                                          115
                                                          24
                                                          33
                                                          39
                                                          25
                                                                                10
                                                                    32
                                                                    12
                                                                     1
                                                                     1
                                                         80
                                                         122
                                                         584
                                                         387
                                                          1

                                                         43
                                                         66
                                                         33
                                                          8
                                                                    60
                                                     i74
                                                     714
                                                     2,554
                                                     513
                                                      7
                                                     792
                                                     310
                                                     395
                                                     241
                                                     114
                                                      0
                                                     102
                                                     142
                                                     132
                                                      0
                                                     375
                                                      65
                                                      13
                                                      4
                                                      35
                                                      3
                                                     164
                                                      99
 TOTALS
1,665
266
1,196
852
631
694
738
1,406    7,448

-------
                                                                                                        p.41
                 TABLE 4.3 Somerville Spring 1997 Materials and Weights Collection Data
SOMERVILLE: WEIGHT IN LBS:
SPRING '97
ITEM LGTVW OFFICE
AVG VALUE
0.005
0.030
0.018
-0.075
0.125
0.056
0.175
0.040
0.165
0.375
0.240
0.575
1.000
0.200
0.060
0.030
0.17
0.035
0
0.085
0
0.15
•055


scrap plastic
carcass
metal
wood
phone plastic
CRTs
clean plastic
motor
wire
aluminum
cast aluminum
copper
refine boards
diskdrive
power supply
transformers
yokes
capacitors
batteries
fans
toner
radiators
freon tanks
SUBTOTALS
PLUS RESALE
LARGE COMPUTER MONITORS/
KITCHEN
AC'S EQUIPMENT ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT SMALL TV's ELECTRONICS
85 39
76 267
965 30
96

320
246
71
78
42

328

100
70
64


119
*
877
254
3,508 619

219 428 7
325 219 47
41 1,904


906
15 278 42
70 100
50 27
91



72 100
20 359
129






762 3,529 1,158

88
40
86



36
35
17
30




30







362

SMALL
MISC TOTALS
ELECTRONICS
188
98
69



68
34
61
20




15

9

22



584

475 1,529
600 1,672
710 3,805
96
0
1,226
219 904
50 360
48 281
183
0
328
0
272
0
30 S24
193
9
0
141
0
877
254
2,132 12,654
1,069
                  TOTALS
3,508
619
762
3,529
1,158
                                                                                  362
                                                                  584
2,132    13,723
r—i
    1   r~i
                           l   i   l  r™j

-------
r_}  r   J
               i  rn   r~i
                                                    i   r" ...... i   r~ i
                                                                                      pA2
TABLE 4.4 Binghamton Fall 1996 Materials and Weights Collection Data
SOMERV1LLE:
SPRING -97

AVG VALUE
0.005
0:030
0.018
-0.075
0.125
0.575
0.175
0.040
0.165
0.375
0.240
0.575
1.000
0.200
0.060
0.030
0.170
0.035
0.000
0.085
0.000
0.150
-0.250
Wl

ITEM

scrap plastfc
carcass
metal
wood
phone plastic
CRTs
clean plastic
motor
wire
aluminum
cast aluminum
copper
refine boards
diskdrive
power supply
transistors
yokes
capacitors
batteries
fans
toner
radiators
freon tanks
      WEIGHT IN LBS:
         LGTV's/
           AC'S
            5
            25
            25
           300

           538
        OFFICE      LARGE    COMPUTER
      EQUIPMENT ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT
          6
          35
          38
                     6
                    18
                                         16
                                         116
                                         4
                     14
                     30
                     6
                     5
                     12
                     2
25
12
79
                                                   125

                                                   11
                                                    5
                                          25
                                          36
                                          21
MONITORS/
SMALL TV's
    14
    26
    17
          150
          14
  KITCHEN      SMALL
ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS
     18          15
                72
    107          8
                                                                                              MISC   TOTALS
               20
               11
               6
                                 20
                                                                           10
                                                                           11
6
8
74
                          12
                         204
                          7
TOTALS
893
                             102
                              205
                              339
                                                   226
                                                                        162
                                                                          135
                                                                         311
 105
 294
 351
 300
  0
 688
 211
 263
 45
 10
 23
  2
 25
 36
 21
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
 0
 0
 0

2,372

-------
                                                                                                  p.43
           TABLE 4.5 Binghamton Spring 1997 Materials and Weights Collection Data
SOMERVILLE: WEIGHT IN L
SPRING '97

AVG VALUE
0.005
0.030
0.018
-0.075
0.125
0.575
0.175
0.040
0.165
0.375
0.240
0.575
1.000
0.200
0.060
0.030
0.170
0.035
0.000
0.085
0.000
0.150
-0.250

ITEM

scrap plastic
carcass
metal
wood
phone plastic
CRTs
clean plastic
motor
wire
aluminum
cast aluminum
copper
refine boards
diskdrive
power supply
transistors
yokes
capacitors
batteries
fans
toner
radiators
f reon tanks

LGTV's/
AC'S
420
132
277
473

640
396

78


130




112


24

162
88
                              OFFICE     LARGE   COMPUTER  MONITORS/
                            EQUIPMENT ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT  SMALL TV'S
                                           176
                                           110
                                           371
                                           75
                                           50
                                           4
                                           60
            TOTALS
         2,932
                                           32
                     878
                                        292
                                        144
                                        426
                                        275
                                         75
                                         80
                                                      55
                                         100
                                                      40
                                          254
                                          70

                                          33

                                          496
                                          205

                                          60
                    KITCHEN      SMALL
                  ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS
                      385
                      230
                      175
                       80
                       70

                       70
                                                                                    MISC  TOTALS
                                                                 59
                                                      64

                                                      16
180
184
142
80


75
45
55














90
169
180
50


63
15
30
64


12


33







1,797
1,039
1,571
636
0
1,136
1,169
255
307
134
0
130
67
0
0
257
171
16
0
64
32
162
88
1,487
                                                                1,177
              1,090
                                                                           761
                                                                            706
9,031
r~n
r—1
1
i   i   t
                      i

-------
                                                                                      p.44
             4.3 REUSE
r
'-~           When equipment was dropped off, residents were asked via the survey if the items
             were working. For Somerville, 28% were working, 35% were not working, and 37%
I             were listed as unknown if they operated or not. Binghamton had similar results:
             residents reported that 30% were working, 59% were not working, and 11% were
             unknown. This indicates that there may be reason to pursue the reuse or resale of items
j             collected in these events.

p-           In addition, one collection event did result in resalable items based on the
_             demanufacturers evaluation. Envirocyde determined that a portion of the captured
             material from Somerville's spring collection had economic value as a resale item. These
H           items were diverted from the demanufacturing process, and were sold for their value as
             a device. All other captured material from this and the other three collections was
             demanufactured for the material value of the separated materials. This occurred in all
             cases except for a fraction of the Somerville spring collection. In this one case, 1,069 Ibs.
             of the collected material was resold without demanufacturing.

|~           4.4 FINAL DISPOSITION
L,                         ^         '
_           Envirocyde's corporate policy is maximize reclamation and recycling of the
I            demanufactured materials. Generally, 99.9% of CRTs are recycled back into glass cullet
             for the manufacture of new CRTs and the remaining 0.01% is glass fines mat are sent to
             a primary lead smelter. All metals were sent to a local  metal scrap dealer for shredding
 I       •••     and reclamation through various smelting processes. High grade boards, power
 "'           supplies and disc drives were sent to a precious metal refiner for metals reclamation.
             Low grade boards were sent to a second demanufacturer for processing or to an
             overseas market for reuse. Freon tanks  were managed by a vendor for the proper
             reclamation of CFCs. Toner cartridges were sent to a vendor for repair and
 (—           refurbishment. .Batteries were managed through a industry battery recycling program.
 [_     ,«*     Remaining plastics were sorted and grinded in-house and sent to a plastics recycler for
             additional regrinding to meet specifications for recycled feedstock.
 p-«
 s
 [           The only item that was disposed of from the demanufacturing process was the wood.
             This wood includes the console of the TV, decorative wood strips, incidental wood,
 r"           handles, and similar items. Envirocyde  separated these items and disposed of the wood
 L           at a local Municipal Solid Waste landfill.

             5.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE PILOT COLLECTIONS

             The second and third goal of the pilot collections were  to assess the economic viability
             of collecting, transporting, demanufacturing and recycling end-of-life electrical and
             electronic equipment. The following discussion evaluates the economics of the pilot
             collections.

-------
                                                                         p.45
5.1 COSTS AND REVENUE INCLUDED IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
                                                                                       r-
The economic analysis presented here includes only those costs and revenues incurred
from the time the equipment left the collection site, including:

   1. Revenues from sale of demanufactured components
   2. Costs for demanufacturing labor
   3. Costs for transporting collected items from the host community to Envirocycle's             r
     facility in Hallstead PA.                                                             L

Costs mat are not included in this economic analysis, but should be incorporated into             "~
any projections by a community intending to sponsor a collection event for electrical              ^
and electronic equipment include:                                                         ^_

   4. Internal community costs, such as research, investigation, meeting time, volunteer           k
     coordination, telephone costs, etc.                                                     ^
   5. Public relations: all costs involved with writing, printing and distribution or
     educational/promotional materials, direct contact, etc.                                   ""
   6. Event costs, including use of space, labor, electricity, telephone, refreshments, use           r.
     of equipment, insurance, disposal of non-recyclable items (including hazardous             |
     materials), etc.

These latter costs will vary from community to community, depending on program              [_
design. This analysis didn't include them because this was a pilot collection effort and
would have necessitated including the unusual costs of creating and refining the                r~
methods, approaches, concepts and details that developed these pioneering collection            [
events.

One other potential cost is managing hazardous constituents (i.e. PCBs) if they are in             I
the equipment collected.  This may include additional shipping and disposal costs if
collected materials to ensure proper transport and disposal. The pilot collections did             P
not collect any  hazardous constituents that required special handling, i.e. PCBs, RCRA           L
defined hazardous waste.                                                               _

5.2 UNIT MARKET VALUE OF RECOVERED MATERIALS                                L

The eight categories of post consumer electrical and electronic equipment are listed by
the economic value of their components. Envirocyde demanufactured post-consumer           L
materials and attempted to categorize the materials in a consistent manner. The
company also provided a range of value for each of the demanufactured components.           i
We've selected a mid-range value to use in this economic analysis to avoid understating
or overstating the value of the components. The value will vary according to the quality
of the demanufacturing process, market conditions at the time of sale and regional              I
markets for demanufactured components.                                                 L

-------
                                                                                                p.46
L
The value of the components is integral to the economic analysis needed prior to
establishing a consumer electrical and electronic equipment collection event. The
information contained here is a guideline to the relative value of materials recovered
from the demanufacturing of post-consumer electrical and electronic equipment.

            TABLE 5.1 Average Market Value (provided by Envirocycle):
  Note that all values represent the value paid to the demanufacturer for the separated
      components free-on-board at their loading dock unless specified otherwise.
L
r
                   Commodity
                   Clean Plastic:
                   Refine Boards:
                   Toner Cartridge:
                   Battery:
                   Fans:
                   Disc Drives:
                   Phone Plastic:
                   Cast Aluminum:
                   Wood (unable to recycle):
                   CRTs: (see below)
                   Metal:
                   Carcass:
                   Scrap Plastic:
                   Transistors:
                   Wire:
                   Aluminum:
                   Yokes:
                   Motors:
                   Capacitors:
                   Copper:
                   Radiators:
                   Power Supply:
                   Disposal
                   Freon Tanks:
Range
.05-.30 per Ib.
.50-1.50 per Ib.
no value
no value
.07-.10perlb.
.15-.25perlb.
.05-.20 per Ib.
.20-.28 per Ib.
disposal cost of .05-.
 .056/lb.
.01-.025 per ib.
.01 -.05 per Ib.
.00-.01 perlb.
.01-.05 per Ib.
.15-.18perlb.
.35-.40 per Ib.
.15-.19perlb.
.03-.05 perlb.
.02-.05 per Ib.
.55-.60 per Ib.
.15 perlb.'
                                                          cost 6f 0.25$ perlb.*
                                                                               Average
                                                                              $0.175/lb.
                                                                                   1.00
 0.09
 0.20
 0.13
 0.24
-0.08

 0.02
 0.03
 0.01
 0.03
 0.17
 0.38
 0.17
 0.04
 0.04
 0.58
 0;i5
 0.06
   ',"'i.i
-0,25!
                                                                                                             T
              NOT&*Ml of these fntees were obtamedfromEnviroiycle art an ranges deperuim^
              given time, for the purpose of attaching values to the materials collected, the average price for each was used, since the breakdown of materials did
              not include the amount of high grade vs. low grade materials.

              CRT Value: Based on Envirocycle's proprietary process for processing CRT glass, the
              company did not share cost and revenue information. For the purpose of attaching a
              value to CRT's/ Envirocycle indicated that we could obtain an approximate value for
              these by obtaining market prices on silica and CRT glass (which are the items in CRT).
              The average market rate of $.056/lb. This is based on one CRT weighing approximately
              20 Ibs. each, which has approximate value of $1.10/CRT.

-------
                                                                          p.47
5.3 TRANSPORTATION COSTS

One tractor-trailer truck was used for each collection.

       Somerville MA It cost Envirocycle $645.84 to move a truck from Somerville,
      MA to their plant in Hallstead, PA. The rate from Somerville was $2.07/mile, 312
      miles total.

       Binghamton NY It cost $96.25 to move the truck from Binghamton NY to
      Hallstead PA. The rate from Binghamton was $2.75/mile, 35 miles total.

For the purpose of determining the transportation costs listed in the spreadsheet the
total transportation cost for each collection was included on a per truck basis. The type
of truck that was used for the collection pilots was a 53-foot van trailer. The maximum
payload that this type of truck can cany is 45,000 pounds. However, based on the
bulky nature of this material Envirocyde's experience is that the maximum payload is
approximately 25,000 pounds. For illustration, the spring Somerville collection of
13,723 pounds completely filled the trailer, but note that due to the lack of a fork lift
operator the pallets and gaylords were single stacked.

5.4 LABOR COST

Labor cost for the purposes of this study include only Envirocyde's costs for labor at
their facility, and do not indude any labor by any party at the collection event,
transportation labor or loading labor.

The labor cost per hour of $26.50 indudes all Envirocyde's wages and overhead at their
facility: unloading the truck, storing the materials, demanufacturing the units and
placing the separated components into gaylords or similar units for shipment to a
consuming mill or recycler. It is likely that other demanufacturers may quote different
costs.

This labor cost is the direct manufacturing cost, and does not indude any general and
administrative overhead, contribution margin, sales and marketing costs, commissions,
fees, licenses, insurance, accounting or other costs.

-------
                                                                                           p.48
r
                                 TABLE 5.2 Demanufacturing Labor Analysis
                  Collection event         Ibs. collected  hours demanufacturlng  \bJho\u
                  Somerville Fall 1996          7,448            118.3           63
                  Somerville Spring 1997       12,654              85            148.9
                  Binghamton Fall 1996         2,372            31.5           75.3
                  Binghamton Spring 1997       9,031              111            81.4
                  Total                     31,505            345.8        Average: 92.2 IbJhr.
While the average person demanufacturing post-consumer electrical and electronic
equipment could expect to dismantle 92.2 Ib./hour. Envirbcycle utilized the same five
staff members to demanufacture all the equipment collected from each pilot in an
attempt to achieve parity among the labor hours. One notable trend is that the staff
increased productivity, as the learning curve, decreased over time. Note that the
highest productivity occurred during the Spring Somerville collection is attributed to
the categories of equipment collected, most notably computer equipment which made
up 28% of that collection and can traditionally be demanufactured more efficiently.

5.5 SOMERVILLE ECONOMIC EVALUATION

5.5.1 Somerville Solid Waste and Recycling Costs
Currently, Somerville solid waste is collected curbside by the city and is tipped at a
local transfer station at a cost of $27.00 for collection and a tip fee of $45.85/ton for a
total cost of $72.85 per ton. Recyclables are also collected by contracted hauler at the
curb side at a cost of $67.00/ton and tipped at $22.50/ton for a total cost of $ 89.50/ton.
 The cost of garbage and recyclables collection is generated from the tax base and is
provided as a city service.

5.5.2 Fall 1996 Collection
The fall collection event in Somerville collected 7,448 pounds of material.

This collection event is shown having the these relative economic values.

            Revenues from sale of demanufactured components:           $481.43
            Costs: demanufacturing  labor                            (3134.95)
                 transportation from host facility to Envirocycle            (645.84)
            NET VALUE (COST)                                  $3.299.36
            or a cost of $0.44/ib or $886/ton for the 7,448 Ibs. collected at this event.

-------
                                                                              p.49
Spring 1997 Collection
This second collection event captured 84% more electrical and electronic equipment
than the first collection in the fall of 1996. Many participants had brought materials to
the fall collection, and came back to the spring collection with additional items.  1,069
Ibs. of this collection had value as resalable item, specifically,: central processing units
(CPUs) and monitors. These were sold by Envirocycle, and a value of $0.90/lb. was
attributed to these items as a revenue to die collection event.
          Revenues from sale of demanufactured components:               $845.32
          Costs: demanufacturing labor                                 (2252.50)                    "
               transportation from host facility to Envirocycle                (645.84)
          NET VALUE (COST)                                      ($2,053.02)
          or a cost of $0.16 or $324/ton for the 12,654 Ibs demanufactured                                  ,-
          INCLUDING RESALE
          Revenue from resale of items                                                             "
          or $0.90/lb for 1,069 Ib collected                                 962.10
          NET VALUE (COST)                                      ($1,090.92)
          or a cost of $0.08/lb or $159/ton for the 13,723 Ibs. Resold and demanufactured



5.6 BINGHAMTON ECONOMIC EVALUATION                                             !i

5.6.1 Binghamton Solid Waste and Recycling Costs                                             f

The City of Binghamton instituted a pay per bag system in 1991.  Residents pay a per
bag fee of $1.17/32 gallon bag which covers the costs of collection of all garbage, bulk             [
items and recyclables for city residents. Binghamton's solid waste is collected curbside            *'
by the city at a cost of approximately $90.00/ton.  The tip fee at the Broome County                f
owned and operated landfill is $40.00/ton for a total cost for collection and disposal of             !
$35.00/ton for a total cost of $75.00/ton.

5.6.2 Fall 1996 Collection
This first collection event in Binghamton collected less than the subsequent event due to
the fact that this was the first event of this type held in this community.                           ;
                                                                                             i
             Revenues from sale of demanufactured components:        $487.25
             Costs: demanufacturing labor                            (834.75)
                  transportation from host facility to Envirocycle           (96.25)
             NET VALUE (COST)                                 ($443.75)
             or a cost of $0.19/lb or $374/ton for the 2,372 Ibs. collected

-------
                                                                                            p.50

r


-              5.6.3 Spring 1997 Collection
|              This collection grew by almost three times the fall collection, from 2,372 Ibs. to 9,031 Ibs.
              Again, the contributing factors include the fact mat this was the second collection, the
r*            weather was greatly improved, the collection fee was eliminated and many participants
[_            had recycled items at the previous event in the fall.

:~                          Revenues from sale of demanufactured components:     1,175.00
j                            Costs: demanufacturing labor                      -2,941.50
"'                                transportation from host facility to Envirocycte       (96.25)
^                          NET VALUE (COST)                             (1,862.09)
'                            or a cost of $0.21/Ib or $412/ton for the 9,031 Ibs. collected.

r            5.7 SUMMARY
j              It is hnportant to note that revenues vary greatly depending most significantly on the
""            value of the resalable items, and, to a less extent, on the relative value of the recyclable
. -            items that are demanufactured. Transportation costs also greatly impact the entire
I              collection economics.

<—            Economic factors include where the collections take place, distance to and from
              demanufacturers, number of volunteers vs. paid workers, and market conditions, the
              largest variable is the potential value of resalable items that can be captured.
,»«,
s
I                             TABLE 5.7 Summary Values  INCLUDING Resale:


.                     Collection event          Ibs. collected     Revenue   Revenue/lb.    Revenue/ton
                                                               (Cost)     (Cost)/lb       Cost/ton
^                   Somerville Fall 1996               7,448    ($3,299.36)  .       -0.44      ($886/ton)
                  _. Somerville Spring 1997            13,723    ($1,090.92)         -0.08      ($159/ton)
                     Binghamton Fall 1996              2,372     ($443.75)         -0.19      ($374/ton)
_                .."  Binghamton Spring 1997            9,031    ($1,862.09)         -0.21       ($412/ton)
                     Total                      32,574 Ibs.
             Obviously, the resale value from the spring Somerville collection distorts the costs from
             the other three events. When planning a similar event, the possibility of a significant
             positive impact from resale items should not be a line item, but should be an
             opportunity that is seized if it occurs.

-------
                                                                           p.51
This report recognizes that the value of resalable items is a variable with great impact             "
and no predictability: The data should be viewed without the positive impact of the
resale items so that a baseline or realistic approach be anticipated by any community
contemplating an electrical and electronic equipment collection event:
                                                                                         i
                 TABLE 5.8 Summary Values WITHOUT Resale:
                                                                                         F"
 Collection event          Ibs. collected       Revenue    Revenue/lb       Revenue/ton            L
                                           (Cost)     (Cost)/Ib         (Costyton
 Somerville FalM996              7,448      ($3,299.36)        -0.44           $886/ton            f
 Somerville Spring 1997          12,654      ($2,053.01)        -0.16           $324/ton
 Bingham ton Fall 1996             2,372       ($443.75)        -0.19           $374/ton
 Binghamton Spring 199:           9.031      ($1,862.09)        -0.21           $4l2/ton            -
 Total                     31,505 Ibs.                                                       i

                                                                                         r
The numbers provided in this report are based on collection rates in a given area at a              [
given time under certain conditions. Next year, the same collections could have a
completely different cost/revenue scenario depending on market conditions and costs             r
at that time.                                                                              [

6.0  CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS                                          f
                                                                                         L
6.1  GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
                                                                                         F
This residential collection pilot project removed more than sixteen tons of material from           t
municipal solid waste disposal, which may included some toxic constituents such as
lead from CRT glass and cadmium from engineering plastics, as well as some other                '
potentially toxic substances such as pigments, stabilizers or fire retardants from
engineering plastics. The collections also captured both nickel cadmium and alkaline
batteries from various appliances and chlorofluorcarbons from air conditioners. The
pilot recycled metals, plastics and other constituents and returned them to productive
use.

The economic data from this pilot program suggest that the costs of recovering
household electrical and electronic equipment from the municipal/small business waste
stream exceeded the costs of handling those wastes as trash in most jurisdictions, it is
important to remember that the values provided in this report are based on pilot
collection rates in a given area at a given time under specific marketing conditions.
Similar collections could have a completely different cost/revenue structure depending
on collection volumes and value, proximity to demanufacturing businesses, proximity
to markets, current market conditions and vendor costs.


-------
                                                                                        p.52
:• -           Historically, diverting any commodity from the municipal waste stream has not become
j             economical until a recovery, reuse/recycling infrastructure has developed for that
             commodity or group of commodities. Both public participation and weight of
.,"*           recovered materials increased in both pilot communities during the second collection
[            event, indicating a positive public response to this new recycling opportunity.
             Participation rates generally tracked participation rates in the communities' other
;             experiences in collecting new commodities as part of the recycling programs including
L           Binghamton's text book collection efforts and Somerville's household hazardous waste
             collections.

I            The general response from the residents was positive and consequently bom
             Binghamton and Somerville are including some type of end-of-life electrical and
1             electronic collection in their 1998 solid waste planning. Based on the lessons learned
>—           here, each community plans on modifying the collection model and strategy to collect
             this material more efficiently. In addition, Envirocycle will be marketing this type of
!            service to municipalities and is willing to work directly with municipalities to design
*•"           and develop collection programs for communities.
#a**S.
I            6.2 IMPROVING THE ECONOMICS
w               '' '                  :

f-           This pilot project was designed utilizing the one day collection event model typical for
i            the collection of household hazardous waste. This pilot demonstrated that many
             variables impact the overall economics of the EOL electrical and electronic equipment
f*           collection utilizing this model. Based on the results of the pilot, several
!            recommendations emerge for improving the economics of end-of-life electrical and
             electronic collection and recovery programs including:
 ,ftis               : .    ,
             •     Specifications for end of life electrical and electronic equipment accepted as part
                   of the collection event

 ,            The pilot program was designed to collect any and all electrical and electronic
             equipment, no limits were placed on what residents could bring to the collection event.
             Based on the objectives of the specific collection event, develop specifications to:
 •~ •           segregate equipment for toxitity, utilize existing reuse infrastructure (i.e. swap shops)/
             utilize existing recycling infrastructure (i.e. scrap metal), determine value for shipment
             for demanufacturing and finally evaluate traditional disposal as municipal solid waste.

             Envirocycle noted that at least five percent of the incoming appliances contained only
             scrap metal and did not contain circuit boards. As one way to improve the overall
 —           collection economics, the demanufacturer suggested diverting these mostly-metal
 &           appliances (air conditioners, old metal vacuum cleaner bodies, etc.) to a scrap metal
             container or scrap metal pile for eventual metal recycling. Under favorable marketing
             conditions, scrap metal recycling generates revenues. However, unless the collection
 _           site is already equipped to collect scrap metal and personnel are trained in proper

-------
                                                                           p.53
handling procedures adopting this strategy will involve more planning, more space and
increased training. For instance, Federal law requires that CFC-containing appliances
(air conditioners, dehumidifiers) have their CFCs removed before the appliance can be
recycled; some states also have stringent regulations concerning disposition of
appliances containing PC8 capacitors.

In fact, Envirocycle suggests diverting any appliance not containing a circuit board to
alternative disposition. The high percentage of very low-value materials (without
circuit boards) suggests that developing a much tighter collection specification designed
to pull in only those items (computers, printers, etc.) that have relatively high value to
demanufacturers. Tightening the spec would require a more intense program of public
education prior to the first collection day, as well as increased training for the
employees or volunteers unloading vehicles at the site.

In reviewing the collection process, Envirocycle now recommends establishing three
categories:

      1. large items such as TVS, monitors, computers  that would be stacked on pallets
      2. smaller items such as key boards, VCRs, that would be collected in gaylords
      3. items with potential for re-sale as part of the demanufacturing hierarchy would
        be segregated
      4. all remaining items would be sorted for donation or disposal as municipal solid
         waste.                                                                           '*•

By aggressively segregating materials, it is expected that the cost of demanufacturing             r
electrical and electronic equipment will decrease, the value of demanufactured                   " •
materials will increase with the potential to create a more favorable economic scenario.            ,
•     Charitable donation or reuse
                                                                                         ^
The pilots as designed sent all electrical and electronic equipment collected to a
demanufacturer for evaluation. However, the pilot survey indicated that
approximately 30% of the equipment collected were still in working order. Both                  -
municipal Somerville's and Binghamton's program coordinators said they would divert           {
working electrical and electronic items to repair shops or make them available for direct
reuse in the community. Binghamton, for instance, would have donated working                 *
razors, toasters, radios TVS and other equipment to the local YMCA, which operates a            |
residence for low-income men; the Broome County coordinator suggested setting up a
"testing station'' with an active electric outlet for testing appliances at the vehicle                 f
unloading zone.                                                                          |

Many municipal recycling drop-off centers have already established "swap shops" or             j
swap area where people pick up useful items others have dropped off. Project                    i
coordinators suggested a set-aside area that would allow participants in the collection

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                                                                                       p.54
p           drop off to check out/test and take home a working equipment someone else had              1
!             discarded. The Broome County coordinator suggested having a lawyer draw up a
             simple waiver for people to sign/ signifying that the entity hosting the collection day            ^
•"'            makes no guarantees and assumes no responsibility for the condition/ workability or            |
[_            safety of the used equipment being received.
^                                                                                                 i
P"           By segregating materials that may not have value to undergo the demanufacturing             IT
L.           process/ but still operate again fits into the traditional solid waste hierarchy of reduce,
             reuse and recycle. This equipment will also be diverted from municipal solid waste            f?
P           disposal at this time.                                                                    *
                                                                                                   •e
             •    Transportation from the collection site to the demanufacturing facility                  W

~-           As noted in the economic analysis, the costs associated with transportation vary widely         -.
             depending on the distance to the actual demanufacturing facility from the collection            J^
I             site. The cost per truckload of material from the Binghamton collection site to the
*""           demanufacturing facility was $9625 versus the cost per truckload of material from the          7
f-*~,           Somerville collection site to the demanufacturing facility was $645.84. The                .     |i
             transportation cost item alone can greatly impact the economics of conducting this type
             of municipal collections.                                                                f

{_           The lesson learned here is to maximize the amount of material that can be transported
             at one time, in other words ensure that the truck travels completely full. Somerville is
-""           evaluating the potential for storage of collected equipment to minimize transportation
(            costs.  Also, the efficient sorting of materials may increase the value of what will be
             ultimately be sent for demanufacturing. Finally, the location and distance to the
P           demanufacturing facility is critical.

             •    location and accessibility of the collection site

^      •      The collection events were held in locations that each community was familiar with and
^           that had hosted collections of other commodities in me past. The Somerville site was at
             the DPW garage area which also provides residents the opportunity to recycle tires,
--           household hazardous waste/news papers at other collection events. The Binghamton
             site was the local transit garage which in the past hosted text book collections and tire
             collections.

 ,,           The accessibility of the site can be an issue and may impact the collection event. For
             example, during the fall Binghamton event, bridge construction dosed a major route to
             the bus garage and is suspected in discouraging participation in the collection event.

             The pilot results showed that the relatively small size of most equipment and the three-
             to-five unit contribution per participant may make household electronics good

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                                                                          p.55
candidates for seasonal curbside collections. One concern is to limit the removal of the
items left at the curbside by unauthorized people. At the very least, this removal may              •"""
eliminate the items with the highest potential value to the host community but would              I
also eliminate the solid waste burden.
                                                                                         W-rl
•     Labor costs for the collection event                                                    J .
                                                                                         ff-
The pilot provided very limited funds for labor associated with the actual collection               f
event. The recycling coordinators for both Somerville and Binghamton were not                  *•
compensated above their traditional salary for planning and implementing the                    .,
collection events. Envirocycle provided in kind support to the project for                        f
transportation and demanufacturing labor, but these labor costs are evaluated in the               *'
economic analysis.                                                                        ,-

The collection events were largely staffed by volunteers. The volunteers were from the
existing town Recycling Committees as weU as local universities. The obvious lesson              -
that can be drawn is the more volunteer labor as part of the collection event the lower            ^
the costs of collection.
                                                                                        f*
•     Community participation                                                           £

Community participation is paramount to conduct a successful collection event. The              j"
assumption being that the more material that is collected, the better chance of collecting           i
more valuable materials. In addition, less materials are going to for disposal and
consequently the local recycling rate will also increase. The pilot outreached primarily            "
to residents, but there is dear opportunity to reach out to the small business                      i
community, local universities, and other institutions as well.                                  r

The pilot results indicated that vast majority of residents, ranging from 57%-88%,                 *•
participated  in the collection event as a result of the direct mail flyer.  Direct  mail flyers            r
were sent to  every household in the community approximately three weeks prior to the           I
event The Media coverage was sited as the next effective  method of communication             '-
ranging from 8% to 34%.                                                                  r

                                                                                        i
All workgroup members agreed mat special waste diversion programs work most
effectively if they are incorporated into a community's solid waste management                  f
planning as ongoing programs, rather than one-time events. A lot of effort and expense           |
goes into event promotion and public education; once you've set up public expectation,
it is difficult  (and politically inexpedient) to shut it off, and harder still to re-invigorate a           f
collection effort thaf s been tried and abandoned.                                             (

The program planners also agreed that participation in collection programs  would               F
increase markedly if the collections were held in conjunction with household hazardous           ]

-------
                                                                                        p.56
p            waste collections or other special recycling collection events (textiles, bulky wastes,
              scrap metal collections). Conversely, events that can negatively impact participation
              rates include weather,  competing community-wide events and lack of public education.

[             •     Willingness to Pay

f"            The pilot tested the willingness to pay argument in the fall Binghamton Collection. In
i,             addition, in both the spring Sommerville and Bingingham collection events the survey
              question "To help offset the cost of collection and recycling, would you be willing to
•fK            pay to drop off your electronics?" The fall Binghamton collection charge $2.00 per car
L            for the-collection event. The event was poorly attended, but potentially for a variety of
^            reasons beyond the willingness to pay issue. Severe weather, bridge construction at the
""            collection location, a local high-school football championship also are believed to have
i,            impacted participation. It should be noted that Binghamton city residents are typically
              charged for disposal of household hazardous waste and tire collection events.
 i             Somerville is prohibited by city ordinance to charge for any type of recycling or solid
              waste collection. The spring survey results show that well over half of the participants
 rf            were willing to pay for collection. The lesson learned is that each community needs to
 !             assess this issue based on specific needs and past practices.
r
r-
              6.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

              The pilots conducted as part of this project followed on the traditional one day
              collection household hazardous waste collection model utilizing a electronics
              demanufacturer for recycling and disposal.  The results argue for improvements to the
              model to enhance the economic viability of conducting end-of-life electrical and
              electronic collections in municipalities. Both Somerville and Binghamton will be
              continuing end-of-life collections in their 1998 solid waste program and will be
              modifying the collection model to better fit their specific communities needs. For
              example, Somerville is evaluating conducting monthly collections in conjunction with
              the household hazardous waste collection days and storage of the material until a
              "truck load" is accumulated to optimize transportation costs. Binghamton is evaluating
              working with local charities and not for profits to define what equipment will go to a
              demanufacturer or a local charity.  Every community is somewhat unique and should
              design a program that is applicable to specific needs.

              However, there are other collection models that may be applied to end-of-life electrical
              and electronic equipment that were not specifically evaluated as part of this pilot. One
              collection method is partnering with local business. In local areas where large
              businesses and industries already may be recycling electronic equipment, municipal
              solid waste officials may want to consider partnering with one or more commercial
              entities in organizing a municipal collection event. In exchange for public recognition,
              the commercial operation(s) could provide services ranging from technical or financial

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                                                                            p.57
support to storage or loading equipment, a licensed collection or aggregation site,
access to reliable vendors - or even serve as an intermediate vendor itself, transporting             '<
the collected equipment from the municipal site to a demanufacturing facility.

A second collection method is partnering with existing not-for-profits. In many parts of
the nation, non-profit organizations have developed an infrastructure for reuse or resale           ^
of computers and other electronic office equipment. Some of these organizations
provide vocational training or job development for handicapped citizens; other
enterprises were developed to ensure that under-served schools and other not-for-profit           t
entities. To learn how to tap into this reuse network, contact your state's environmental
regulatory agency, state recycling coordinator or state nonprofit recycling organization            T
for information.                                                                            '&
                                                                                          r"
Finally, there are infinite collection, reuse, demanufacturing and recycling scenarios that           11
may be applicable to a specific municipality. This report makes not attempt at                    *"
evaluating every type of scenario, but simply presents the results of pilot collections
modeled after the traditional one day household hazardous waste collection days. The             | I
CSI workgroup is sponsoring additional research into collection methodologies and will
publish its findings in the summer of 1998.                                                    p

                                                                                          I
                                                                                         t

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         Appendix 1




CSI Involvement and Development
                                                           i

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The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection                        http://www.epa.gov/commonsense/bckgrd.htr.
                    v/EPA
                               L United States Environmental Protection Agency                    _,,


The Common Sense Initiative
                                                                                                 r
An Industry Sector Approach                                                                      {
for Protecting the Environment

Support for environmental protection has never been stronger in this country. American citizens
demonstrate concern and support for the environment. But living in an ever more complicated world and
an increasingly global economy has demanded new ways of protecting the environment — ways that not        p
only protect and enhance environmental health for future generations, but that also keep our economy          [
growing.
                                                                                                 p>i
One way the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is striking this balance is through the Common          [
Sense Initiative,  or CSICSI represents a new approach for EPA in creating policies and environmental
management solutions that relate to industry sectors.
      Six Industry Sectors                                                                              [

      CSI examines the environmental requirements impacting six industries:                                    p
                                                                                                       L
      Automobile Manufacturing            Iron and Steel                      Metal Finishing
      Computers and Electronics               Printing                      Petroleum Refining
      These six industries:
                                                                                                      f
         • comprise over 1 1 % of the U.S. Gross National Product;                                           ^

         • employ over 4 million people; and                                                             p
                                                                                                      4,
         • account for over 12% of the toxic releases reported by American industry.
                                                                                                      r
      As such, they offer excellent opportunities to test and refine CSI concepts, to create environmental            \
      solutions that can operate across industries, and to expand CSI to other relevant sectors.
      How CSI Works                                                                                 r

      For each industry, known as a "sector" in the CSI program, EPA convenes a team of stakeholders that
      look for opportunities to change complicated and inconsistent environmental policies into comprehensive      ~
      sector environmental strategies for the future. The process, while sometimes lengthy, is producing better,      !
      more applicable environmental protection strategies that are developed by those who have to live with         -
      them ~ avoiding costly and time consuming adversarial processes later.
Iof2                                                                                        2/11/98 4:48 If

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   The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection
                                                                      http://www.epa.goV/coinmonsense/bckgrd.l"
          Sector teams and work groups meet frequently to discuss progress in the various projects underway,
          policy considerations, and other issues. Team decisions, issues and data are forwarded to the CSI
          Council, comprised of high-level decisionmakers from all the stakeholder groups and across all involved
          industries.
                                                                                                  f
          The CSI Approach

          From Conflict...

          While America has much to be proud of over
          the past 25 years, we are left with difficult
          problems - an unwieldy system of laws and
          regulations that often breeds conflict and
          gridlock, ^d an adversarial relationship
          between the concepts of a cleaner environment
          and a healthy economy. EPA operates under 16
          major national environmental laws overseen by
          over 70 Congressional committees and
          subcommittees. EPA is subject to over 600
          lawsuits at any given time. Much of EPA's
          work is a result of court-orders and
          court-directed activities. Such a process often
          diverts valuable resources from the real work
          of protecting the environment and public health
          to the work of litigation.
i
From Piece-meal..

The first 25 years of environmental regulation
in the U.S. addressed air, water and land
separately, frequently shifting and shuffling
pollution without preventing it. U.S. businesses
spent close to $30 billion on environmental
compliance in 1992, but still released over
three billion pounds of toxic emissions. The
result has been too little environmental
protection at too high of cost Rather than
treating industries as a whole, with unique
issues and solutions, the system lumped all
industry together and attempted to force
one-size-fits-all solutions. These solutions are
often costly for industry and not necessarily the
                                                To Consensus...

                                                CSI is an experimental effort to change the
                                                environmental protection process from one of
                                                conflict to one of collaboration and consensus. For
                                                each industry, CSI brings together a team of
                                                representatives of: industry; environmental groups;
                                                community groups; environmental justice groups;
                                                labor, and, Federal, state, local, and tribal
                                                governments. These teams craft solutions to
                                                environmental problems that all can agree to,
                                                harnessing the expertise of those who have worked
                                                on these issues for years. Former adversaries
                                                become partners in protecting the environment.
                                                Time is spent up front in the development of
                                                solutions, rather than later on litigation.
                                                   f
                                                   •I
                                                   4
To Holistic...

CSI addresses environmental protection in a
holistic way, looking at air, water, and land issues
as a whole, rather than as separate problems —
avoiding the problem of shifting pollution between
media — from air to water, air to land, or land to
water. CSI views industries as unique entities with
unique problems — problems which can best be
solved by those individuals familiar with the
industry and its processes. Solutions that work for
the auto industry may not necessarily make sense
for the computers and electronics industry. CSI
recognizes this and develops solutions on an
industry-by-industry basis.
   2 of 2
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The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection
                                       http://www.epa.gov/commonsense/computer/index.hti
                    dEPA
        United States Environmental Protection Agency
       THE COMMON
       SENSE INTTTATIVE;
       A New Generation
       of Environmental
       Protection
           CSI Computers &
               Electronics
                   Sector
Computers & Electronics
      Quick Reference:
          Membership
             Projects
            Contacts
      Meeting Minutes
       Computers &
       Electronics
       Industry Background
       The CSI Computers
       & Electronics
       Subcommittee
      Electronic Product
      Recovery
      and Recycling
      Residential
      Collection Pilots

      Project Contact: Chris
      Beling U.S. EPA
      617-565-3241
Industries in the computers and electronic sector manufacture an extensive
range of products-computers, fax machines, televisions, and CD players to
name a few-including the electronic components, such as semiconductors
and printed wiring boards, that are a part of those products. The computers
and electronics sector is one of the largest employers in the United States.
Although industry manufacturing facilities are located nationwide,
approximately 60 percent are concentrated in six states-California, Texas,
Massachusetts, New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania.

The Computers and Electronics Sector Subcommittee has about 25 members
representing such organizations as the New Mexico Environmental Law
Center, Intel, Continental Circuits, the Communications Workers of America,
the state of Washington, and the Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human
Services Organizations. Members meet about six times a year to review the
progress of work group projects, to act on recommendations submitted by the
work groups, and to hear panel discussions or special presentations on
subjects related to the industry.

In this world of rapidly changing technology, disposal of computers and other
electronic equipment has created a new and growing waste stream. The
Computers and Electronics sector has embarked on a project designed to 1)
determine the composition of the waste stream, and the types and volume of
equipment to be collected; 2) assess the economic viability of a residential
post-consumer collection/de-manufacturing program for end-of-life electronic
equipment; 3) determine residents' willingness to pay for this disposal option;
and 4) evaluate any available data on other residential post-consumer pilot
collection programs.

Two pilot communities have been identified—Somerville, Massachusetts, and
Binghamton/Broone County, New York. One collection was completed in the
fall of 1996 and an analysis of the types of products recovered is underway. A
second collection day is planned for 1997.
                                                                                                       I
                                                                                                       r

                                                                                                      r
                                                                                                      r
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                                                              2/11/98 4:49 Pi*

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   The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection
                                        http://www.epa.gov/commonsense/computer/index.'*
          RCRA Regulatory
          Barriers to
          Cathode Rav Tube
          (CRT)
          Recycling

          Project Contact:
          Charlotte Mooney
          U.S. EPA
          703-308-7025
         Electronic Product
         Recovery
         and Recycling (EPR2)
         Conference and
         Roundtable

         Project Contact:
         John Alter
         U.S. EPA
         202-260-4315
         Barriers to
         Closed-loop
         Water Recycling
         in the Electronics
         Industry

         Project Contact:
         Jan Goodwin
         U.S. EPA
         202-260-7152
 Computers and televisions use a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) for viewing. The
 CRT contains lead to shield users from the radioactivity required to produce
 the image. Improper disposal of CRTs can place lead in the waste stream
 which represents not only a health hazard, but also the loss of a recyclable
 natural resource. Lead recovered from used CRTs can be safely,  and
 practically reused to produce new CRTs.

 A work group is developing a strategy for removing perceived federal
 regulatory barriers to recycling CRTs. Its goal is to apply common sense to
 hazardous waste requirements for this waste stream while maintaining high
 standards for health concerns. The strategy will take into account potential
 economic benefits, as well as potential risks to the environment, the
 community, and workers. The project team will document the basics of CRT
 recycling; existing federal regulatory issues relating to CRT recycling;
 environmental and worker safety risks posed by CRT recycling methods; and
 the economic and environmental benefit and risk issues of CRT recycling.
 Upon completion of this work, options for improving the current system will
 be presented to the Computers and Electronics Subcommittee and the CSI
 Council.

 Education, information exchange, and building productive relationships
 among diverse stakeholders concerned with managing out-moded computer
 equipment are the goals for this project. The workgroup co-sponsored a very
 successful conference on electronic product recovery and recycling held in
 February 1997 and attended by over 200 people. The conference  was the
 kick-off for an independent Roundtable being established to facilitate sound
 management of end-of-life electronic equipment over the long term. The
 Roundtable will identify and promote resolution of emerging issues related to
 better management of unwanted computer equipment. CSFs partner for
 carrying out the initial phases of this project is the Environmental Health
 Center, a division of the National Safety Council.

 Electronics manufacturing facilities produce a considerable amount of waste
 water during production. Some facilities would like to treat waste water
 on-site and recycle it back into production (closed-loop recycling). While no
 release of waste water is desirable, there are associated environmental and
 regulatory issues that must be addressed.

 This project team will address federal regulatory barriers hi the Resource
 Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) that inhibit closed-loop recycling.
 Major activities underway are: 1) identifying examples in states with
 electronics manufacturing facilities that use closed-loop treatment and recycle
systems; 2) characterize the technology used; 3) identify any potential media
transfers of pollutants; 4) determine regulatory position of state agencies; and
5) examine the applicability of existing RCRA exemptions/exclusions to the
system. A final recommendation may be made to the CSI Council regarding
alternatives to current environmental policy that would enhance utilization of
this system and increase opportunities for pollution prevention.
^2 a(6
                                                                2/11/98 4:49 PIS.

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The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection
                                        http://www.epa.gov/commonsense/computer/index.htr
       Reporting and
       Public Access to
       Information

       Project Contacts:
       Warren K. Beer
       U.S. EPA
       415-744-1803

       Mary F. Dominiak
       U.S. EPA
       202-260-7768
       Texas
       Consolidated
       Uniform Report
       for the
       Environment
       (CURE)
       Project Contact:
       Mary F. Dominiak
       U.S. EPA
       202-260-7768

       Basic On-Line
       Disaster and
       Emergency
       Response
       (BOLDER)

       Project Contact:
       Warren K. Beer
       U.S. EPA
       415-744-1803
Industry faces multiple environmental reporting requirements. With care and
analysis, these requirements may be consolidated to reduce the reporting
burden on an industry, while at the same time improving environmental,
health, and safety protection.

The Computers and Electronics sector identified a mutual interest among
stakeholders to reinvent environmental reporting. The Reporting and Public
Access Information Work group initiated two projects designed to streamline
and consolidate environmental reporting in the industry while simultaneously
improving public access to information on the industry's environmental
performance. These two pilot projects are the Consolidated Uniform Report
for the Environment (CURE) project in Texas and the Basic On-Line Disaster
and Emergency Response (BOLDER) system in Arizona (see below).

The Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission (TNRCC) has been
working to streamline and consolidate all environmental reporting
requirements into one Consolidated Uniform Report for the Environment
(CURE). Within the guidelines of CSI, TNRCC expanded their stakeholder
involvement and included an assessment of stakeholder information needs.
As a result, the CURE will pilot a new electronic reporting system based on
the information each stakeholder group needs in order to make sound
environmental decisions. This system will also improve public access to the
information. The Texas CURE pilot will provide guidance for similar efforts
in other states.

This pilot has several objectives aimed at consolidating emergency response
plans where possible. Goals include eliminating duplicative reporting,
making the reports easier to access and to understand, and to enable on-line
reporting and information retrieval.

The state of Arizona has agreed to pilot this program, and it is being managed
by U.S. EPA's Region 9. The pilot will test a comprehensive emergency
response system which is 1) needs-based, 2) electronically-linked, 3) tiered,
4) simplified, and 5) coordinated with industry, community, the public,
emergency response agencies, and NGOs. A draft reporting system was
designed in 1996. Pilot testing of the electronic reporting and retrieval system
is targeted for early 1998.

                                                                                                        i

                                                                                                        f*
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    The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection
                                                                 http://www.epa.gov/cotnmonsense/computer/index.'
r*

 -
 r-
          Alternative System of
          Environmental
          Protection

          Project Contact:
          David B. Jones
          U.S. EPA
          415-744-2266
                         This project will recommend an alternative approach to environmental
                         protection. Key elements of the approach are mat it increases regulatory
                         flexibility, results in enhanced environmental, health, and safety performance,
                         and boosts participation of community and workers.

                         The subcommittee reached consensus on and presented to the CSI Council a
                         document entitled, "Facility-Based Alternative System of Environmental
                         Protection." The document describes the vision, goals, objectives, and
                         conceptual components of an alternative system. The Computer and
                         Electronics Sector will use the document to direct and test alternative
                         strategies to the existing system. The Alternative System of Environmental
                         Protectiori will be piloted under this work group's direction. Pilot proposals
                         are being solicited from industry, government, and communities.

                      Subcommittee meetings for 1997 are currently being scheduled. For
                      information contact John Bowser at 202-260-1771 or Dave Jones at
                      415-744-2266.

                      The Common Sense Initiative is an innovative approach to environmental
                      protection and pollution prevention developed by the U.S. EPA. The Initiative
                      addresses environmental management by industrial sector rather than by
                      environmental medium (air, water, land). EPA selected six industries to serve as
                      CSI pilots: automobile manufacturing,, computer and electronics, iron and steel,
                      metal finishing, petroleum refining, and printing. Six sector subcommittees,
                      each consisting of representatives from industry, environmental justice
                      organizations, labor organizations, environmental organization, the U.S. EPA
                      and state and local governments, address environmental issues facing these
                      industries.

                      Since beginning their work in January 1995, the sector subcommittees have
                      initiated nearly 40 projects involving more than 150 stakeholders who actively
                      participate in sector subcommittees and subcommittee workgroups. Using a
                      consensus approach to decision making, the groups address diverse topics such
                      as pollution prevention, environmental reporting requirements, and public
                      access to environmental information.

For more information about CSI, call 202-260-7417, contact our web site at
http://www.epa.gov/commonsense, or write U.S. EPA, MC 6101,401 M Street SW, Washington, D.C.
20460.
          Calendar
          of Events
          The Common
          Sense Initiative
*.
i;
f
jr
                                      Subcommittee Members and Affiliations
                                                    May 1997

          Co-Chair Lynn Goldman
          U.S. EPA

          Co-Chair Felicia Marcus
          U.S. EPA Region 9
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The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection
http://www.epa.gov/cornmonsense/computer/index.htrs
       Co-Chair John DeVillars
       U.S. EPA Region 1

       Designated Federal Officer
       John Bowser
       U.S. EPA

       Mr. Dan V. Bartosh, Jr
       Texas Instruments

       Mr. Steven A. Bold
       Continental Circuits Corporation

       Mr. Ken Geiser
       University of Massachusetts

       Mr. David Issacs
       Electronic Industry Association

       Mr. Roger A. Kanerva
       Illinois Environmental Protection Agency

       Isao Kobashi
       Santa Clara County Pollution Prevention Program

       Mr. David LeGrande
       Communication Workers of America

       Mr. Terrence J. McManus
       Intel Corporation

       Mr. Raphael Metzger
       National Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Services
       Organizations

       Mr. Christopher Rhodes
       The Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic
       Circuits

       Ms. Monica B. Roll
       Digital Equipment Corporation

       Mr.ValF.Siebal
       California Environmental Protection Agency

       Mr. Russell J. Tremblay
        M/A-COM, Inc.

        Mr.MikeWinka
        New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
                                    r*

                                    ill
                                    I
                                    i
                                    !
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 The Common Sense Initiative A New Generation of Environmental Protection
                                                                          http^/www,epa.gov/commonsense/computer/index.
                                                                                                            '
          Mr. Doug Wolf
          New Mexico Environmental Law Center
home    browse   wtuai
                                                    s new
                                                               comments   secn
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r-


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                                                                  r
           Appendix 2                                             ^

                                                                  ki,
Detailed Workplan For Pilot Project
                                                                 I
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                                                                 L
                                                                 L

                                                                 L

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4-15-1996                                                                 _»
Scope of Work-Pilot Consumer/Community Residential Collection of
End-of-Life Electronic Equipment

                                                                          r*
BACKGROUND

Currently, the majority of End-of-Life Electronic Equipment               „-,
Demanufacturing and Recycling projects are focussing on the
commercial and business waste streams. This pilot would focus oh
the residential post-consumer waste stream by assessing the
viability of a collection, demanufacturing and recycling program          f"
for residential post-consumer electronic equipment.                       ,

GOAL.                                                                      -

Design and implement a residential post-consumer collection pilot         •*"
to determine:
(1) the types and volume of end-of-life electronic equipment that         j*~
will be collected,                                                        I,
(2) the economic viability of collecting, transporting, and
demanufacturing and recycling end-of-life electronic equipment
(3) the residential consumers willingness to pay for this
disposal option.

TASKS                                                                    H
                                                                         LI
1:   Act as a project manager for the design and implementation
     of the Sommerville, and Binghampton Residential End-of-Life         p
     collection pilot in conjunction with the CSI Collection             I|
     Pilot Project Workgroup (Workgroup) .  The Workgroup                 **-
     includes, working with EPA project team, Christine Bonica           ^
     and Chris Beling, and Greg Voorhees/Envirocycle,Patty               |
     Dillon/Tufts University, Richard King/Panasonic, Rob                **"
     /ATT.  Participate in at least bi-weekly conference calls
     with the Workgroup and more frequent communication with the
     EPA project team.  The lead for the project team in
     Christine Bonica.
                                                                         f**1
**The following is without the additional research that EPA will        .]
be conducting over the next two weeks--and consequently will most        ^
likely change**
                                                                         f
2:   Work with Workgroup and selected communities/recycling             (^
     coordinators to design residential post-consumer collection
     scenarios. Potential ideas for collection scenarios include        ^
     establishing a special collection day systerti  (similar to            j
     household hazardous waste days), drop off centers,  or other       >
     events.  The goal is to tag on to existing  events that the
     communities sponsor                                                p

3:   Work with communities to design an education and outreach
     program.
                                                                        1
                                                                        c

-------
{           4:   Work with communities to design logistics for collection,
                storage of collected materials.  Coordinate with Envirocycle
                to arrange transportation to a  their demanufacturing-
f~               recycling facility.
4	•
           5:   Work with Workgroup to design the data collection and
,.*.               analysis effort.

—'          3:   Select at least two pilot communities to supply a
                residential end-of-life electronic equipment waste stream.
p'               Target two similar communities, potentially suburban
t_               communities with existing curbside collection of both
                recyclables and trash.  Phase the pilot to conduct
>-               approximately two collection events in each community.  One
I                community would be assessed a fee for collection (both pilot
u               events)  and the other community would be offered the service
                free of charge.
I
v~          5:   Implement the first residential collection pilot as an
                onsite coordinator/facilitator. Collect and warehouse end-
r-               of-life electronic equipment.

4~~'         6:   Provide onsite presence at all collection events.  Sort and
                analyze end-of-life equipment collected based on task 5.
f~               Collect data on type, volume, weight, etc.... The data will
t_              be incorporated into the final project report.

f—         7:   Draft final report.  Incorporate Envirocycle's analysis of
I                costs of recycling, materials recycled into report format(we
                need to work with Envirocycle closely to determine what data
^              they will be providing}.

(	
           RESOURCES
r.
I          To be determined.

 t,,         SCHEDULE

L~         To be determined...pending funding and Christine's research.

           PRODUCT
 i .
 1"~         NRRA will draft a research report to:

 [          (1)  evaluate the-composition of residential/post-consumer end-of-
 L.         life electronic equipment that is collected,

 p         (2)  present Envirocycle's data
 I
 ^         (3)  present and/or reference any other data related to other
           residential/post-consumer pilot collections efforts.
 /—••

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                  Appendix 3


Information On Binghamton and Somerville Recycling
                                                                      r
                                                                      *.,
                                                                      I
                                                                      <••>
                                                                      r

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       SURVEY OP SOMERVILLE, MA AND BINGHAMTON, NY SOLID WASTE PROGRAMS
1)    What  type of recycling program do you have?
     -  curbside (is there a special fee for large bulky items)
     -  drop-off
     -  swap shop/exchange area
     -  other (i.e.,  option for paid curbside collection vs.  free
              drop off)
     -  where do you physically do the collection
                                                                                IT"™
                                                                                I

                                                                                0
Somerville, MA
Broom County DSWM
Weekly curbside pick-up, same as
trash collection day, for all
residents and small businesses.
Large apartment buildings and
business are limited to 8 bins.
Weekly curbside pick-up of recyclables
on reuglar garbage colleciton days,
for all residents and small
businesses.  Large apartment buildings
and businesses contract with private
haulers.  Collection is provided by
municipal haulers, including the City
of Binghamton, Twon of Union, and the
villages of Endicott and Johnson City;
and several private haulers in Broome
County.	
                                                                               c
                                                                                {
 White goods are collected curbside
 for no charge and recycled fro scrap
 metal.  There is no charge for bulky
 items.
                                      White goods are collected curbside by
                                      the City of Binghamton and recycled
                                      for scrap metal.  There is no charge
                                      for bulky items. Note: sepcial tire
                                      collections are held periodically for
                                      City residents at no charge, or
                                      residents can dispose of tires year-
                                      round at the Nanticoke Landfill for
                                      $0.75 per passenger tire.	
                                                                               I
 Drop-off center for all curbside
 materials, used motor oil, and tires
 open 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. seven days a
 week.  There is no charge for
 recyclables, tire, or oil drop-off.
                                      Recycling drop-offs for batteries and
                                      recyclables are located throughout
                                      Broome County, including the City of
                                      Binghamton, Nanticoke Landfill, and
                                      Towns of Colesville and Sanford.
                                      Automotive fluids are accepted ony at
                                      the Landfill recycling drop-off
                                       (located 10 miles outside of
                                      Binghamton)	
 The only swap/exchange is for paint,
 occurring at the monthly HHW
 collection
                                      A limited amount of virgin paints and
                                      automotive  fluids collected at the HHW
                                      collection  facility is goven out for
                                      reuse.                              	

-------
L,
     There is no fee for curbside
     collection of trash or recyclables
     for residents.  Businesses must pay
     for trash collection by the
     municipality, but receive free
     curbside recycling.  Drop-off is
     free for any Somerville resident or
     business.
                                       In  the  City of Binghamton,  a pay-per-
                                       bag fee of $  1.17/32-gal bag,
                                       $0.63/16-gal  bag  and  $0.39/8-gal bag
                                       has been  in effect  since 1991.  The
                                       bag fee covers the  costs of collection
                                       of  all  garbage, bulk  items, and
                                       recyclables for City  residents.
                                           There is no  fee  for  curbside pickpu  of
                                           recycling or materials brought  to  a    i;
                                           County  recycling drop-off center.      If
    2)    What  part of the recycling program is voluntary vs.  mandated?
     Somerville," MA
                                      Broome County DSWM
     All recycling is voluntary.
                                      Recycling  is mandated by Broome County
                                      Local Law  of 1992  requiring all
                                      businesses and residents of Broome
                                      County to  separate recyclables from
                                      their waste.  The  Mandatory; Source
                                      Separation Law is  only enforced
                                      through  load-inspection at the
                                      Nanticoke  Landfill, with fines issued
                                      to haulers whose waste loadsiji contain a
                                      noticeable amount  of recyclable
                                      material.                 M
    3)    When did you start  the programs?
     Somerville, MA
                                      Broome County DSWM
 r
 i
 L_.

 r—1

 L
Curbside recycling was brought to
half the ci%y in October 1991, and
tq the ent5?re city in July 1993.
Curbside recycling for businesses
began om Se[te,ber 1995.
The county recycling program began as
a pilot on 1987 and was fully
implemented county-wide by 1991.
Curbside recycling and the pay-per-bag
fee was instituted in the City of
Binghamton in January 1990.	
   .4}    What materials do you collect?
         -  how are they recycled
         -  amount recycled/amount disposed of
         -  tonnage of recycled materials
 L
Somerville, MA
Broome County DSWM
  r

-------
 clear and collored glass; by-metal
 cans; empty aerosol cans; aluminum
 cans, foil, and trays; #l-#7 plastic
 containers, including styrofoam;
 milk cartons and drink boxes;
 newspapers; magazines; junk mail;
 telephone books; mixed paper;
 boxboard; corrugated carboard;
Commingled Containers:
glass containers-clear, green and
brown; non-aerosol metal including
metal cans and lids; aluminum cans,
foil and trays; plastic containers
numbered 1-7, excluding styrofoam;
gable top milk and juice.cartons.
Mixed paper and Cardboard:
all clean paper; boxboard; corrugated
cardboard.
 Recycled materials are tipped
 directly at Prins Recycling Center,
 a Materials Recovery Facility in
 Charlestown MA.  The drivers divide
 all materials into two streams at
 the crub; all paper products an
 other commingled materials.
Residents divide materials into
containers  (commingled in bins) and
paper  fibers  (placed in paper grocery
bags or bundled).  Recyclables are
collected a brought to Broome
.Recycling  (Materials .Recovery
Facility) where they are sorted, baled
and shipped to market.	•
 r
 i
 The diversion rate for recycalbles
 in Somerville has gone from 5% when
 curbside was in half the city, to
 just under 15% for the last few
 years.  Detailed tonnage figures for
 calendar year 1995 are provided on
 the Recycling Report Card Data
 Sheet.  Figures for this year are
 slightly lower than for 1994 because
 we had a very serious problem with
 paper scavenging last Spring and
 Sumer when the markets were high
 (more than 20% of our usual paper
 tonnage was stolen from the curb
 over a several month period;	
The 1995 recycling rate in Broome
County was 50.4% or 120,000 tons in
1995, including all forms of recycling
such as curbside collection and drop-
off s, leaf and yard waste
recycling,scrap metal recycling and
sewage sludge composting.
The 1995 recycling rate for the City
of Binghamton was approximately 48%.
Recycling tonnages were 5,000 tons for
curbside recycling, 6,100 tons for
yardwaste, and 442 tons for scrap
metal recycling for a total of 11, 542
tons last year.
L
n
r
Other Recycled Materials:
yard waste, appliances and scrap
metals are separated for recycling by
residents for curbside collection in
the City of Binghamton and most of
Broome County.	
                                                                               r
5)    Do you have a household hazardous waste collection day(s)?
 Somervilie, MA
               •
Broome County DSWM

-------
    As of April of 1995, we opened a
    permanent HHW center, and hold
    monthly collections from April
    through November.  Annual or bi-
    annual collections were held for the
    few years prior to the opeing of the
    permanent center.
                                       In February  1996, broome  County opened
                                       a permanent  HHW collection facility to
                                       service all  Broome  County residents
                                       and exempt small quantity generators.
                                       The Facility is located at the Broome
                                       county Landfill and is open year-
                                       round, three days each month.  There
                                       is a $2.00 fee per  vehicle for
                                       residents and a $40.00 annual permit
                                       fee plus $0.50 per  pound  fee for
                                       businesses and institutions.  Annual
                                       or bi-annual collections  were held for
                                       five years prior to the opeining of
                                       the Facility.	
   ;6) Do you have a suitable location for an electronics collection event,
      including^ shelter in the event of rain, and temporary storage facility?
    Somerville, MA
                                      Broome County DSWM
L
U
Yes, the DPW yard is used for our
HHW collections.  There is ample
space within existing truck byas to
collect the materials under shelter,
and also to store them.
Several options have been discussed
fro colection points: the Maatco
{Envirocycle) facilities throughout
the Tri-Cities area, the Broome County
Nanticoke Landfill, and the Broome
county Highway Garage.

The Highway Garage is most likely the
best choicde, due to its location,
size, and previous use for HHW
collection events.  Th£ Facility has 6
drive-through bays, a mile-long access
road from Route 12 in the Town of
Chenango, is easily accessible from
all major routes and is within a 10
mile radius of Binghamton.

According to conversation with
Envirocycle, storage is not an issue
because of their" proximity to the
Binghamton area.           	.
   7)   What are the current costs for Towns (i.e.,  collection costs,  tipping
        fees,  etc.)?
    Somerville, MA
                                      Broome County DSWM
 r
 L

-------
 Our MSW tip fee is $45.35 per ton,
 and our MSW collection cost is about
 $28/ton.  All of our MSW is
 landfilled at a Waste^Management
 landfill.  Our recycling is
 conducted by DPA workers and is
 approximately $70/ton to collect.
 Currently, we have a contract to
 receive $50/ton for paper and
 $20/ton for commingled, but this is
 far beyond current market rates, and
 will probably have to be modified
 (the MRF, Prins, is facing
 bankrupcy).
                                      Current tipping fees at the Broome
                                      County Nanticoke Landfill is
                                      $40.00/ton for MSW, down from
                                      $50.10/ton in 1995.  All MSW is
                                      disposed of in the Broome county
                                      Landfill, an dall recyclables are
                                      brough to the Broome Recycling
                                      Facility at no charge.

                                      Scrap metals are taken to scrap yards
                                      where the City receives revenues
                                      acording to current scrap metal market
                                      value or approximately $25.00/ton.
                                      Yard waste is taken to a private local
                                      composting operation, Hughes Organics,
                                      at an annual cost of $76,000 or
                                      approx. $12.50 pre cubic yard.	
                                          .,
8)
    Do you have any other collection opportunities or events?
 Somervilie, MA
                                      Broome County DSWM
We had a pilot curbside furniture
collection program with Mass.
Coalition for the Homeless.
Residents were instructedto put
furniture and household items
curbside one day proir to their
regular trash collection.  This way,
unacceptable items could just be
picked up wit the regular trash on
the following day.  Participation
and interest by residents was good,
but mos of the material was stolen
from curbside.  The Homeless
Coalition gathered less than one
truck load of furnature.

Yard wastes are not collected, but
we have an active program to
encourage backyard composting.
Hiegh-quality composters are sold
for $25 through a state bulk buying
program, and numerous workshops and
composter sales are conducted.
Nearly 700 units have been sold in
the two years the program has been
running.   	'
Broome County Division of Solid Waste
Management sponsors various colections
that service all county residents
(including the City of Binghamton).
Past events include magazine drop-off
days, telephone book collections, and
HHW events.  Currently, Broome County
sponsors textbook collection days,
backyard composting workshops and bin
distribution and is planning a textile
collection in 1996.

The City of Binghamton holds periodic
drop-off days (usually in the spring)
for waste tires, where City residents
can dispose of up to 4 tires at no
charge.
                                                                                4


                                                                                r
                                                                               r
                                                                               L

                                                                               [
9)  What is the timing of pick-up or special programs, and days of operation?

-------
    Somerville, MA
                                        Broorae County DSWM
                                                                                  1
    HHW collections are held on the
    second Saturday of every month from
    April through November, from 9a.m.
    to 12p.m.  composter sales and
    workshops are typically held on
    random Saturdays during similar
    hours and occasionally on Tuesday or
    Wednesday evenings from 7p.m. to
    9p.m.	_^	'J	
                                        Special collections are usually held
                                        in the Spring and/or Fall,  selected
                                        days depend upon the nature of the
                                        event,  but Saturday collections have
                                        been successful for pilot projects.
   10) "How do you track what you collect?
    Somervi Her* MA
                                        Broome County DSWM
1
r*
 Collection is
 slips from; the recycling MRF and the
 solid waste transfer station.  Our
 recycling diversion rate is just
 under 15%;.  Recycling rate = weight
 of recyclables divided by w
                                           Collection is tracked from tonnage
                                           reports  from the MRF and Landfill
                                           scalehouses.
   11)  How would you generally characterize your communities response to
        recycling arid spedikl collection events?
    Somerville; MA
                                        Broome  County DSWM
    Public reaction is generally
    positive, residents like the
    programs and are glad jtio see them in
    place.- There is room for
    improvement,.in terms of increasing
    participation.  (This isiwhy we are
    currently running the ifeecycling
    Rewards pr&jram) .       j
                                        Broome  County,  including the  city of
                                        Binghamton,  has a high participation
                                        rate in curbside collection programs
                                        (about  90%),  and a successful
                                        participation rate in every
                                        collection event held,  oftern greatly
                                        exceeding the projected numbers.

 r
12) Do you work with the industrial or commercial  (small business) sector in
your community?
H Somervi lie,

MA
Broome County DSWM


it
 r~
 r-

-------
 The bulk of small businesses use the
 municipal solid wate collection
 decal system.  In addition, about
 halfo of the small businesses have
 joined the curbside collection
 program.
Since recycling became mandatory in
1992, most businesses in Broome County
recycle.  On a daily basis, the Broome
County Division of Solid Waste
Management helps business owners (both
small and large), in determining
disposal, recycing and waste reduction
options,  monthly, a task force of
industry and large retail store
representatives meet to discuss
current solid waste issues and tour
local recylcing and manufacturing
processes.	
                                                                                 r
13)  What percent of the municipality is commercial? residential?
 Somerville, MA
Broome County DSWM
 About 10% of the community is
 commercial and 90% residential by
 land area.  Also, Somerville was at
 one time the most densely populated
 city in the U.S. and is currently
 the most densely populated city in
 New England and the eight in the
 U.S.
(By land area: not available at this
time)
By disposal rates: In a 1995 Broome
County Waste Composition study, 51% of
the waste disposed of at the Nanticoke
Landfill was from residents and 49% of
the waste was from commercial,
industrial or institutional
facilities.
  r-


  I
14)  How do you educate the community about the recycling program (diversion
     rate)?
 Somerville, MA
Broome County DSWM
 There is an article in the loca
 paper around Earth Day.  Also, the
 statewide Recycling Report Card
 tends to receive a lot of press
 attention.
Annual recycling statics are announced
at news conference in Spring and/or
near Earth Day  (April 22) .  An article
in the major local newspaper, The
Binghamton Press, usually appears at
that time.
  r
  I
15)  What special events take place in the community that we would need to
     avoid?
                                        r
 Somerville, MA
Broome County DSWM
I

-------
r
L
     The DPW is adjacent to a baseball
     field, so the collection event
     should not concide with an important
     game to avoid traffic issues.
Earth Fest - April  (last Sat)
SONY and BCC Graduations - May  (3rd
weekend)
High School Graduation - June  (3rd
weekend)
Downtown Binghamton July Fest - July
(3rd weekend)
Balloon Rally and Spiedie Fest  -
August  (1st weekend)
Roberson Museum and Science Center
Arts Festival - September (2ond
weekend)
Riverbank Clean-up - October  (tba -
1st or 2nd weekend)
    Additional Notes:
     Somerville, MA
Broome County DSWM
     Comparing ethnic diversity between
     the two communities, and educating
     non-English speakers about the
     program are issues to be addressed.
Englis is the dominant language,
followed by Spanish (less than 10%),
and an array of Eastern European
(Russian, Slovak, Bosnian, etc.) and
Asian languages  (laotian, Vietnamese,
Chinese, etc.).  Perhaps the best
solution for a brochure, considering
the diversity, is to go with English
and Spanish.

Binghamton University students make up
a significant number of residents who
perhaps should be considereedd in the
outreach for and timing of the
collections (i.e., moving out or to
new apartments in mid-May and early
December).               	
 L:

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  Appendix 4




General Survey

-------
             HOUSEHOLD ELECTRONICS COLLECTION DAY
                         Somerville, Massachusetts
                              Generator Survey
                                April 19, 1997
                                                                                      ,*•«

   Thank you for coming to this special Somerville, Massachusetts collection day. Your            -
   participation and support will help our city and many other cities around the country
   understand how the recovery of electronic appliances impacts our environment.                '"
   Please complete both sides of this survey and return to the attendant when they begin           •
   to unload your vehicle.                                                                _
                                                                                      f
                                                                                     •V
Your reasons for participating in this collection day...

• Recycling protects our environment                         Agree	

• Electronics can be kept out of landfills and incinerators         Agree	                   I

• May help reduce cost of solid waste management             Agree	
                                                                                     I
• How did you hear about todays event? Flyer	 Media	Friend	Other	          """
                                                                                     r*.
• Are you assisting anyone else and dropping off their household electronics today? Yes	       f
No	   If yes, how many additional households?	

                                                                                     r
information on your (check one) Household	Apartment	   Business	
                              •••»                                                      f
 City	   Street	                        I
•Did you participate in the first collection day in the fall?  Yes	  No	                      r-

• if you answered home or apartment, # of people in your home? Adults	 Children	
                                                                                    IP*
•If you answered business, # of employees at your place of business?	                     I

• Type of business? Administrative	  Manufacturing	  Retail	 Service	  Sales	
Other	                                                              [

•To help offset the costs of collection and recycling, would you be willing to pay to drop off         r
your electronics?  Yes	 No	                                                       |
If yes, how much per collection day? $1 -5	 $6-10	  Greater than $10	

                                                                                    ....

           PLEASE COMPLETE THE BACK  SIDE  OF  THIS SURVEY

-------
 Binghamton, NY
           HOUSEHOLD  ELECTRONICS COLLECTION DAY
                            Generator Survey
                               May 10, 1997
  Thank you for coming to this special Binghamton, New York collection day.  Your
  participation and support will help our city and many other cities around the country
  understand how the recovery of electronic appliances impacts our environment.
  Please complete both sides of this survey and return to the attendant when they begin
  to unload your vehicle.
Your reasons for participating in this collection day...

 • Recycling protects our environment                       Agree	

 • Electronics can be kept out of landfills and incinerators       Agree	

 •May help reduce cost of solid waste management           Agree	

 • How did you hear about todays event? Flyer	  Media	Friend	Other.
  Are you assisting anyone else and dropping off their household electronics today?
     Yes	      No	  If yes, how many additional households?	
Information on your (check one) Household

City       	' Street	
Apartment
Business
 Did you participate in the first collection day in the fall? Yes	  No	

 If you answered home or apartment, # of people in your home? Adults	  Children,

 If you answered business, # of employees at your place of business?	

 Type of business? Administrative	Manufacturing	Retail	Service	
     Sales	   Other	

     To help offset the costs of collection and recycling, would you be willing to pay to
     drop  off your electronics?  Yes	 No	
          If yes, how much per collection day? $1-5	  $6-10_ Greater than $10_



          PLEASE COMPLETE  THE BACK SIDE OF THIS SURVEY

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Appendix 5



 Manifest
                                                   i

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                        Receiving Manifest
                          Somerville, MA
                April 19,1997 Electronics Collection
Home Video

Table Top TV B/W or Color
Floor Model TV B/W or Color
working
Under 15"


not working
16-21"


unsure
21-35"

Over 35"


IVCR
Audio

Port Radio/Tape/CD
Home Stereo
Tape Recorder
Car Audio/Tape
Speakers
Electronic Instrument
working







not working







unsure







over 5
years old






Office
working

PC / Computer
Monitor
Keyboard
Printer
Copier
Fax






not working







unsure







over 5
years old






Communication

Resident Phone
Business Phone
Cellular Phone
Cordless Phone
working
• a




not working





unsure





over 5
years old




2-Way Radio
Home Appliance

Microwave Oven
Air Conditioner
Vacuum
working




not working




unsure




over 5
years old



Small Counter Top
Toaster Oven
Can Opener
Coffee Maker
Food Processing
working




not working




unsure




over 5
years old



| Other

-------
L
I..
L_
         Brnghamton, NY
                          Receiving Manifest
                         Electronics Collection
                              May 10,1997
Home Video

Table Top TV B/W or Color
Floor Model TV B/W or Color
VCR
working
Under 15'



not working
16-21"



unsure
21-35-



Over 35'



Audio

Port Radio/Tape/CD
Home Stereo
Tape Recorder
Car Audio/Tape
Speakers
Electronic Instrument
working







not working







unsure







over 5
years old






Office

PC / Computer
Monitor
Keyboard
Printer
Copier
Fax
working







not working







unsure







over 5
years old






Communication

Resident phone
Business'Phone
Cellular Phone
Cordless Phone
2-Way Radio
Answering Machine
•'» working







not working







unsure







over 5
years old






Home Appliance

Microwave Oven
Air Conditioner
Vacuum
working




not working




unsure




over 5
years old



Small Counter Top
Toaster Oven
Can Opener
Coffee Maker
Food Processing
working




not working




unsure




over 5
years old



        [Other

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                                                    r
                                                    L
 Appendix 6



Flyer (sample)
                                                    r
                                                    L

                                                    r
                                                    !



                                                    r
                                                    L
                                                    r

                                                    L
                                                    t
                                                    L
                                                    r
                                                    I



                                                    r





                                                    r

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RESIDENTIAL ELECTRONICS
RECYCLING PARTNERSHIP
         Somerville Residents
                                                         J   I—t   I—I   I	I   t-	1  I	J
                                                                Household and
                                                                Small Business
                                                            ELECTRONICS
                                                              RECYCLING
                                                                PROJECT
                                                          City of Somerville Environmental Protection Office
                                                             The US Environmental Protection Agency
                                                            Northeast Resource Recovery Association
US EPA Common
Sense Initiative
City of Somerville
   Dear Resident,

   Somerville is proud to be on the leading
   edge of another recycling initiative, the
   Electronic Recycling Project, co-
   sponsored by the United States
   Environmental Protection Agency.

   The results of this pilot collection will
   help Somerville and other communities
   determine the costs and benefits of
   household electronic recycling. We
   invite you to be part of this pilot
   electronics collection.

               Sincerely,
               Michael E. Capuano
               Mayor
                                                               Saturday, April 19, 1997
                                                                 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 pan.
                                                                  City of Somerville
                                                              Department of Public Works
                                                                   IFraneyRoad
                                                                                    Michael E. Capuano, Mayor

-------
New Recycling Opportunities        Who Can Participate?
                                               What To Bring
   Somervilie is one of two communities
   in the nation selected to participate in a
   Residential Electronic Recycling pilot  /
   study. This effort will help establish a
   national policy on residential
   electronics recovery and recycling. Our
   goal is to use information gathered here,
   to assist recycling managers in other
   communities to develop similar
   programs.

   The electronics recycling pilot project
   is a unique collaboration among local
   governments, federal agencies, private
   manufacturing and recycling industries
   and non-profit environmental groups.
   Residents and small businesses in the
   pilot communities complete the
   partnership "loop" by bringing their
   used appliances to the collection
   events.

   Somervilie held its first electronics
   collection day. last November.  Please
   help us complete the pilot project by
   participating in the second collection.

   This project is funded through a grant
   from the United States Environmental
   Protection Agency and managed by the
   Northeast Resource Recovery
   Association.
   *  all Somervilie residents
   *  small businesses with fewer
      than 25 employees
   *  businesses with more than 25
      employees can participate by
      contacting Envirocycle directly at
      800-711-6010 ext, 242 to make
      special collection arrangements

When?

   Saturday, April 19,1997
   9:00 a,m.-3:00 p.m.

What is the cost?

   There is no cost to participate.

Where is it?
Broadway
4
Cedar
Street
i i
Trum ReW
„ ^ ,,„ 	 jimnlui, 	 „„ r™™«,»,, - ^w r
f ^FraneyRcad
Somorvllle Dept, of Public Wotks
t
Charles £.
RyanRd*
   We have made special arrangements to
   handle twelve vehicles at a time so you
   will be through the collection process
   quickly.
   All household or counter-top appliances
   that are portable or can be plugged in.
   Examples include:
   *  computers and printers,
   *  televisions, VCRs,

   *  CD players, stereos
   *  telephones^nswering machines,

   *  air conditioners,

   *  toasters, coffee makers..

   Appliances are acceptable working or not
   working,

What NOT, To Bring

   *  large or bulky home appliances
   ,   such as dishwashers, refrigerators,
      freezers, washing machines, clothes
      dryers or lawn mowing equipment
   *  smote detectors
   *  x-ray equipment

   If you have gue$tions or need more
   information, phase contact:

   Hilary Eustace
   Environmental Protection Officer
   Department ofPubUc Works
   CityofSomervUb
   (617) 625-6600 ext. 5070
                              L.J   L	I   L

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                                    J  t ,
RESIDENTIAL ELECTRONICS
RECYCLING PARTNERSHIP
       Broome County Residents
US EPA Common
Sense Initiative
Broome County
   Government
   Dear Resident,

   As part of a national pilot program for
   electronics recycling, Broome County
   continues to be at ike forefront of solid
   waste management initiatives.

   Like any business venture, evaluating
   the costs and benefits of a new
   recycling program is the key to its
   success. This pilot project will help us
   determine the future of electronics
   recycling in Broome County, while
   serving as a model for the nation.

   I invite you to participate in the
   Electronics Recycling Collection to be
   held from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00p.m. on
   Saturday, May 10,1997, at the Broome
   County Transit Garage.

           Sincerely,

           Jeffrey P. Kraham
          . Broome County Executive
i   1—I   I—J   L_j   I	,   i	j

      Household and
      Small Business

  ELECTRONICS
    RECYCLING
      PROJECT
 Broome County Dw. of Solid Waste Management
   The US Environmental Protection Agency
   Northeast Resource Recovery Association
      Saturday, May 10,1997
       9:00 a.m. - 3:00 pan. .
   Broome County Transit Garage
  Jeffrey P. Kraham, Broome County Executive

-------
New Recycling Opportunities        Who Can Participate?
   Binghamton is one of two communities
   in the nation selected to participate in a
   Residential Electronic Recycling pilot
   study. This effort will help establish a
   national policy on residential
   electronics recovery and recycling. Our
   goal is to use information gathered here
   to assist recycling managers in other
   communities to develop similar
   programs.

   The electronics recycling pilot project
   is a unique collaboration among local
   governments, federal agencies, private
   manufacturing and recycling industries
   and non-profit environmental groups.
   Residents and small businesses hi the
   pilot communities complete the
   partnership "loop" by bringing their
   used appliances to the collection
   events.

   Binghamton held its first electronics
   collection day last November. Please
   help us complete the pilot project by
   participating hi the second collection.

   This project is funded through a grant
   from the United States Environmental
   Protection Agency and managed by the
   Northeast Resource Recovery
   Association.
            •  all Broome County residents
            •  small businesses with less than
              25 employees
            •  businesses with more than 25
              employees can participate by
              contacting Envirocycle directly at
              800-711-6010 ext. 242 to make
              special collection arrangements

        When?

           Saturday, May 10,1997
           9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.

        What is the cost?

           There is no cost to participate.

        Where is it?
         To Johnson City
         Traffic Circle
             Route 201
                  Broome County
                  Transit Garage
                                CHd Mill Road
                                    Old Vestal Road
                      Vestal Parkway -434
                     	To Downtown Blnflhamtoir*
           We have made special arrangements to
           handle twelve vehicles at a time so you
           will be through the collection process
           quickly.
                                What To Bring

                                   All household or counter-top
                                   appliances that are portable or can be
                                   plugged hi. Examples include:
                                   •  computers land printers,
                                   •  televisions, VCRs,
                                   •  CD players, stereos
                                   •  telephones,answering machines,
                                   •  ah* conditioners,
                                   •  toasters, coffee makers.
                                   Appliances are acceptable working or
                                   not working.

                                What NOT To Bring

                                   •  large or bulky home appliances
                                      such as dishwashers, refrigerators,
                                      freezers, washing rnachines, clothes
                                      dryers or lawn mowing equipment
                                   •  smoke detectors

                                   •  x-ray equipment

                                   If you haveany questions or need more
                                   information, please contact:

                                      Susan V Thompson
                                      Solid Waste Management Specialist
                                      Broome County
                                      Div. of Solid Waste Management
                                      (607) 778-2482 or
                                      (607)778-2932
                       L_J   L_J
	i
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                             1 ______ 1
                                                                                   L_J   I.....J
                                                                   L_J

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       Appendix 7                                            rr
                                                              Li
Sample Press Releases, etc.

                                                              L
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                                                              L

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                             NORTHEAST RESOURCE
                             RECOVERY ASSOCIATION
                             Post Office Box 721
                             Concord, NH 03302-0721
                             (603) 224-6996
                             Fax (603) 226-4466
«>%rferafl'(ooperotivei so/fife*


 S:';ll^^¥^?t^-'^^                  ;.•'
   Dear Somerville Business,  "*::'•:•'>;  •' '•.'..•••••'"•'••/ A?£Si?  '

   As you will read in the '''enclosed Information, the City of Somerville, the US
   Environmental Protection Agency and the Northeast Resource Recovery Association
   are teaming up fe£&."fifst In the nation" residential electronics collection and recycling
           ''*                                '*'    '       '
            l8' past week we sent out thousands of flyers to all Somerville residents announcing
         this special event and asking them to participate on  November 2 at the Somerviile
         Public Works Building from 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.

         Today we ask for your help in promoting electronics recycling and this unique
         collection day event. We have provided you with extra flyers for you to distribute to
         your clients and two large signs that we ask you to place in your most visible business
         locations.

         Should you have any questions on this event or how you can participate, please
         contact Hilary Eustace, Somervipe Recycling, 617-625-6600 x 5070.

         Thank you for your help,     -
                0                                                •            , , ' -
         Northeast Resource Recovery Association                              , e
         City of Somerville                                               ;     ^ X.
         US Environmental Protection Agency                                      :
                                                                                            f~
                                                                                            -

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                                                                                            ^-


                                                                                            ^

                                                                                            I

                                                                                            „
                                                                                            L
                                                                                            L
A^".'.HfS;'*':',.' "%»••.=. ::>;••
  ' v'^'i'/r." " - '•':""."• -,t'-'S •"'

s^s^^^n '?ts^;
£f reuse'.'® recydttg £>' trash management
                                                     H printed on recycled paper
                                                                                            L

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             • fiUG-26-1997   15!47   FROM ;BROOfE CO SOLID UftSTE A


       ,:: COUNTY OF BROOME
          TIMOTHY M. GRIPPEN
          COUNTY EXECUTIVE
          GOVERNMENT PLAZA. P.O. BOX T7W
          BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK 13902

          (€07) 77*4109 -


                             Immediately - Wednesday, October 9,1996
r~
i
          contact:             John Kowalchyk or Susan Thompson
                             Broome County Division of Solid Waste Management
                             778-2250 or 778-2932
                BWGHAMTON AREA CHOSEN FOR NATIONAL RECYCLING PILOT
                                                                                                    i-
r              County Executive Timothy M. Grippen joined John Matthews, Vice-President of
L              Envirocycie, Inc., and John Kowalchyk, Division of Solid Waste Management
                Director) to announce the first full-scale Electronics Recycling Collection in the
[~~              nation.
L,
                "Broome County is proud to be on the leading edge of another recycling initiative --
P              the Electronics Recycling Project.  Our successful recycling program is one of the
I-              reasons this area was chosen to host this pilot collection.  Additionally,  we are
                pleased that a local company, Envirocycle ofHallstead, PA, will be processing the
P              items brought for recycling," Mr, Grippen announced.
L    •                                                                     •                   -
                John Matthews of Envirocycle, Inc. explained the types of items that can be
r              brought to the collection, and how the company processes the materials into their
L~              individual components for recycling.

["""              Kowalchyk explained that the residents of this area have consistently shown
•-               support for new programs, as demonstrated by participation in the pilot magazine
                and telephone book collections, household hazardous waste collections and                ft
P              expanded curbside recycling programs.  The information gained from these pilot          • I
-L~              projects allows the Division to assess the feasibility  of implementing permanent             "
                programs.                                                                           ^
f
*-               The electronic project is cosponsored by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency            Q|
                through the  EPA's Common Sense Initiative  program, a study group linking               ^
p              industry, policy makers, and environmental groups.  The Binghamton area and             f
                Somerville, Massachusetts were selected to host the pilot collections.  The results           ^
                of this  pilot program will help Broome County and  communities throughout the
r             . nation  determine the costs and benefits of household electronics recycling.*
                The collection event will be held on Saturday, November 9,1996 from 9 a.m. - 3
                p.m. at the Broome County Transit Garage on Old Mill Road (off Old Vestal              f
                Road) in Vestal.                                                                     fc

                                               -page 2 of 2-                                      .'  '. f
               ^•;-    '                               .                                             Ik

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ftUG-26-1997
                Broome County Electronics Recycling Pilot Collection
                :/,.,.., .-••:  .  Saturday, November 9,1996
               ..,.__...	9:00 a.m, - 3:00 p-m.
   Who Can Participate:
   Where to Go:
   What is the Cost:
   What to Bring:
  What Not to Bring:
  For Afore Information
  or to Volunteer:
An Broome County Residents and Small Businesses of
less than 25 employees. (Larger businesses and
institutions can contact Envirocycle directly at 1-SOO-
2&-6010 ext. 242)'
The Broome County Transit Garage on Old Mill Road
(off Old Vestal Road near the 201 Bridge) in Vestal.
Please note: afternoon hours are typically less busy
and carpooHng is encouraged to reduce traffic volume.

There is a $2.00 participation fee per vehicle.
Vehicles should be no larger than typical residential
cars and trucks. The fees collected will be used for
local recycling education programs.

All home appliances that are portable or can be
plugged in, including home video, audio, office,
communication, and countertop appliances.

Large or bulky appliance such as refrigerators,
freezers, washers, dryers, or lawn mowers.  No smoke
detectors, x-ray equipment, or hazardous wastes.
   •*>          .    •

Contact Susan Thompson at (607) 778-2932.

          ###
                                                                                            FT
                                                                                            Li,
                                                                                            !
                                                                                            fab.
r
                                                                  SVT: 10/4/96
                                                                 p
                                                                 I

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                                                                               .
         flUG-26-1997  15:51   FROM BROOME CO,SOLID WASTE    ,  TO         9160322644S6.  P.07

                             BROOMECOUNTY

                     NEWS  RELEASE
                v-.:   ' -        JEFFREY P. KRAHAM, County Executive                 -*r" *-
[           To:        News Department
          . From:      Susan Thompson, 778-2932
r          Date:       Wednesday, April 30,1997
I           Sub:        BC ELECTRONICS RECYCLING COLLECTION,
                      SATURDAY, MAY 10, 2997

,_          Count^ Executive Jeffrey Kraham joined the Division of Solid Waste Management
           to announce the Electronics Recycling Collection oh Saturday, May 10,1997. The
r          collection will be held from 9 a.m. - 3 p.m. at the Broome County Transit Garage
L          on Old Mill Road (off Old Vestal Road) in Vestal. The event is open to all
           residents and small businesses (of less than 25 employees) in Broome County.
r          Mr. Kraham explained:
i
w.
                "As part of a national pilot program for electronics recycling, Broome County
[~               continues to be at the forefront of solid waste management vuriatives,
I—
                Like any business venture, evaluating the costs and benefits of a new recycling
r               program is the key to its success. This pilot project will help us determine the
L               future of electronics recycling in Broome County, while serving as a model for
                the nation."
r—
I                                    r»
L-         This is the second of two pilot collections to be held in Broome  County. The first
          was held in November, when over 14,000 Ibs of materials were collected from
P         nearly 200 residents and small businesses in the area.  The results of this pilot  •   '
'          program will help Broome County and communities throughout  the nation
^         determine the costs and benefits of household electronics recycling.

          The electronic project is cosponsored by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
_         through the EPA's Common.Scnse Initiative program, a study group linking
[          industry, policy makers,  and environmental groups.  The Binghamton area and
*-         Somerville, Massachusetts were selected to host the pilot collections.

i          Envirocycle, Inc. of Hallstead, Pa. will demarmlacfure and,recycle the materials
          collected.  The project is funded through a grant from the USEPA and managed
r-
i
          by the Northeast Resource Recovery Association.
"-                    FOR INTERVIEWS OR ON-LOCATION FOOTAGE,
                      PLEASE CALL SUSAN THOMPSON AT 778-2932
|            -•'•',
^             .-•-..•-••               -page I of 2-
            '• ••.'••:•'::  '    •   -
            Edwin L. Crawford Countv Offta* RuiMinn / pr» R/-.V

-------
ftUG-26-1997  15:52   FROM  RROOME CO SOLID UIPSTE
                           TO
916032264466" ''• PV09'"*ff>;"'
               Broome County Electronics Recycling Pilot Collection *'
                          ;  Saturday, May 10? 1997^7x^ ":vl;J;
                              9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.  .._  '--   •     ...
  Who Can Participate
  Where to Go:
  What is the Cost:
  What to Bring:
  What Not to Bring:
 For Morejnformation
 or to Volunteer;
All Broome County residents and small businesses of
less than 25 employees. (Larger businesses and
institutions can contact Ehvirocycle directly at 1-800-
711-6010 ext. 242)

The Broome County Transit Oarage on Old Mill Road
(off Old Vestal Road'near the 201 Bridge) in Vestal.
Please note: afternoon  hours are typically less busy
and carpooling is encouraged to reduce traffic volume.

There is no fee to participate.  Vehicles should be no
larger than'typical residential cars and trucks.

All home appliances that are portable or can be
plugged in, including home video, audio, office,
communication, and countertop appliances.

Large or bulky appliances such as refrigeratorSj
freezers, washers, dryers, or lawn mowers.  No smoke
detectors, x-ray equipment; or hazardous wastes.
Contact Susan Thompson at (607) 778-2932,
                                                                                             r
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                                                                 SVT: 4/30/97




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       -26-1997  15:50   FROM  BROOME CO SOLID WASTE
                                                                           916032264466   p.06
L_
I

r
L
L.
r
         Broome  to  collect  old  appliances
         Electronics
         recycling day
              be Nov. 9
•
  By NADINE SUMAK
  Staff Writer
   Can1! figure out what to do
  with ihc broken microwave
  oven that's been gathering
  dust in the garage for two
  years?
j   Broome County has the
I  answer.
|   Thecountywillhaveitsfiist
!  electronics and appliances col-
  lection day Nov. 9. For $2,
  Broome residents and busi-
  nesses with 25 or fewer
employees can get rid of hist
.about anything thai plugs in,
said John Kowalehyk, direc-
tor of the county's Solid Waste
Management Division.
  Hie effort is one of two elec-
tronics recycling  pilot pro-
grams in the country. The
other is in Soraerville, Mass.
  Most electronics goods are
left out with the weekly trash,
and end up in the landfill,
Kowalchyk said.
  The electronics  and appli-
ances collected during the pro*
jectwulgo toEnvirocyde Incx,
a company in Hallstead, Pa..
which will determine if recy-
cling them is economical or
even  profitable,  said Vice
                                                ELECTRONICS DROPOFF
                                                 Sroome County's first
                                               electronics collection day
                                               will be from 9 sum. to 3 p.m.
                                               Nov. 9 at the Broome
                                               County Transit Garage on
                                               Old Mill Road in Vestal.
                                                 For $2 per car, Broome
                                               County residents or busi-
                                               nesses with 25 or fewer
                                               employees may drop off
                                               portable home appliances
                                               that can be plugged in.
                       including countertop appli-
                       ances. Video and audio
                       equipment will also be col-
                       lected. The county will not
                       accept large appliances,
                       such as stoves and refrig-
                       erators, or smoke detec-
                       tors, lawn mowers and haz-
                       ardous wastes.Cail the
                       Broome County Division of
                       Solid Waste Management
                       at 778-2932.
President John Matthews.
  "Envirocycle will evaluate
each item to see if it can be
refurbished and resold or if
we can pull the pans and resell
them or if we can recycle the
  Broome to collect old  appliances -
  Continued from Page 1B

  plastics and metals,"5 Matthews said.
    Theprogram will cost the county
  nothing, said B roome County Exec-
  utivejTmothy M. Grippen. "We're
  proud to be on the leading edge of
  electronics recycling," Grippen said
  during a news conference Wednes-
  day.
    TheNortBeast Resource Recov-
  ery Association will collect data
  from the two pilot programs to
  determine if it can be cost-effec-
  tive for municipalities to divert elec-
  tronics from the household waste
  stream.
    Northcast,anon-profitrecycung
  association baseil in New Hamp-
  shire, received a 569,000 grant from
  the U.S. Environmental Protection
  Agency for the project, said Patrick
                                    Corcoran, member services man-
                                    ager.
                                      If the local company finds the
                                    venture profitable, it will likely set
                                    up programs with other munici-
                                    palitiesrjuch as Rochester or Buf*
                                    falo, Matthews said.
                                      Tbecollection willbefrorii9 a.m.
                                                        to 3 p.m. Ncv. 9 at the Broome
                                                        County Transit Garage on Old Mill
                                                        Road in Vestal The S2-per-car fee
                                                        will be used for recycling educa-
                                                        tion programs.
                                                         Another collection day is planned
                                                        for the spring.
i—

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                          BROOME COUNTY
                 NEWS  RELEASE
                          JEFFREY P. KRAHAM, County Executive
       To:        News Depaitmem         };
       From:      Susan V. Thompson, 778-2932
       Date: '      Monday, May 12,1997
       Sub:        RESULTS OF THE BC ELECTRONICS RECYCLING
                  COLLECTION, SATURDAY, ^AY10,1997

       Saturday's collection of electronics and small appliances was over double the size
       of the 1st pilot collection held last November.  Over 15 tons of recyclable
       materials (31,000 pounds) were collected from approximately 400 households and
       small businesses in Broome County.

       The success of these pilot collections reflects an awareness and a demand for an
       ongoing electronics recycling program.  For these two events, all types of
       appliances and office equipment were accepted in order to gain knowledge of the
       costs of recycling a full range of electronic products. Future events may be limited
       to those products with the greatest recycling benefits, such as:

            * the recovery of valuable metals or readily recyclable materials:
            * elimination of hazardous or toxic constituents; or
            * diversion of significant portions of the waste stream in order to conserve
            landfill space and increase recycling rates.
                                •*»      • , '. '  5
       This was the second of two pilot collections held in Broome County. The first was
       held in November 1996, when'over 14,000 IDS of materials were collected from
       nearly 260 residents and small businesses in the area. The results of this pilot
       program will help Broome County and communities throughout the nation
       determine the costs and benefits of household electronics recycling.

       The electronic project is cosponsored by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
       through the EPA's Common Sense Initiative program, a study group linking
       industry, policy makers, and environmental groups. The Binghamton area and
       Somerville, Massachusetts were selected to host the pilot collections.

       Envirocycle, Inc. of Hallstead, Pa. will demanufacture and recycle the materials
       collected at the event. The project is funded through a grant'from the USEPA
       and managed by the Northeast Resource Recovery Association.

                  FOR INTERVIEWS OR ON-LOCAT1ON FOOTAGE,
                   PLEASE CALL SUSAN THOMPSON AT 778-2932
                                     ###

•«-— v EdWin L> Crawford County Office Building / P.O. Box 1766 / Blnohamton. New York 13902  	
 '•':-'...•.-"-.:v.A'fe'-.-.  . "--•.'.• :•                     •    •           •       •    •-.-TnToi P

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                                   FROM  BRCO1E CO SOLID UlflSTE
                                           NORTHEAST RESOURCE
                                           RECOVERY ASSOCIATION
                                           Post Office BOJC721       -
                                           Concord, NH 03302-0721
                                           (603)224-6996
                                           Fax (603) 226-4466
                                                         TO
916032264466    P.05
                 "TWs is basically a data collection and analysis project," said NRRA execug«e^r
-------
                      15-"48   FROM  BROOflt UJ
» 81 SOW*.
*
* At Ac bottom of the nwnp take a Jeft. '"""•-	*	
* Co about 100 yards you wifl see Matco Hcctronks on your right.
11 Go straight fa fionl of the parkicg4own a Httlc full..
  Tafco tfw first right tils wiQ teke you into put parking tot.
                                              Envirocycle, Inc.
                             Rt. 81 Exit 6$, PO Box 89$, Hallstetid, PA 18822-0899
                                              Tel: 717/879-2S62
                                              Fax: 7171S79-200S
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                                                         L.I
                                                          :
  Appendix 8

Training Packet
                                                         r~

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                                                                                       n
                    ELECTRONICS  COLLECTION  PILOT

                           OPERATIONS  OUTLINE
                               Somervllle, MA
                                   11/2/96
The host site facility is the Somerville Public Works Facility.  We have been given the
use of their parking lot loop, enough room for 12 cars (2 lanes of six cars) to be                —
unloaded at once.  There will be internal storage space for any electronics not able to          [
be loaded onto the Envirocycle trucks.  In case of rain all volunteers are asked to bring
rain-gear and umbrellas.  There will be inside break areas established on site.                 r-



I.     Traffic Flow                                                                       !
It is difficult to predict the participation rate and the resulting  vehicle volumes, but we
are preparing fora 1% participation from Somerville residents equaling 750 vehicles
going through the collection site. Considering the fact that the event will last for 6
hours, we will be prepared to unload 100-125 cars per hour (unfortunately many of
these vehicles may arrive in the morning). It is our intent to unload the vehicles in
blocks of six when volume permits.  When and if vehicle flow is slow we will be able to
unload vehicles on an individual basis. See Traffic Flow Diagram attached.

                                                                                       L

II.     Clerical/Data Collection                                                           r
We have designed two forms to be used during the event day.                               [

• Generator Survey                                                                     r
The first is called the Generator Survey (see attached). This form is two sided and is to         [
be completed by the participating resident.  A Generator Survey will be giving to each
resident/vehicle as they arrive onto Franey Road (Zone A). They will complete this             f
survey during their waiting period prior to be unloaded in the public works parking             w
area (Zone C) and hand the completed form to the unloading volunteer. This survey
will then be stapled to the yet to be completed Receiving Manifest.                            r

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            • Receiving Manifest
            This second form is called the Receiving Manifest (see attached).  This form is one
[~          sided and will be completed only by the unloading volunteers.  All recording onto the
L          Receiving Manifest will be done in the public works parking area (Zone C). When
            completed the Receiving Manifest and the attached Generator Survey will be placed
P          into the designated form box at each unloading station (Zone C).
L,,
            Any questions on form completion or recording of data will be covered by NRRA staff.

L           *lll.   Volunteers
            We will need a total of 16 volunteers on duty at all times.  The breakdown is as follows:

L                 Zone 1 - Distribution of Generator Surveys          2 Volunteers

P                Zone B - Direct Traffic into Public Works             2 Volunteers
L                Parking Area

f"                Zone C - Unload Vehicles                         8 Volunteers
L                 Zone C - Collect and Coordinate Paperwork        2 Volunteers

r™"
<--                Zone D - Direct Traffic and Material Movement       2 Volunteers

""*          * Because Somervi He will be providing 4-6 paid employees, we will.split their paid
            time between the morning and afternoon. AH other volunteers should plan on being
            there for the full day.  So far NRRA will have 4 volunteers (including staff). Patti Dillon,
"~          C. Beling, C. Bonica, H. Eustace, R. King, and G. Voorhees also will volunteer. That
            leaves us needing another 4-6 volunteers from Somervi lie (not including the paid
            staff).
r
L           A volunteer orientation meeting will be held at 8:00 a.m. the day of the event,
            November 2. At this meeting Volunteer Packets will be distributed explaining the
P          vehicle-flow, the  paperwork system and other event details.


P          »IV.   Refreshments
L           NRRA will provide coffee and donuts for all volunteers throughout the day. A pizza
_          lunch  and sodas will also be provided for all volunteers.
[""          »V.   Equipment & Supplies
L          There are numerous equipment and supply needs for this collection day.  In order to
_          make the equipment and supply coordination as simple as possible we have created
[*"          the following list;
L.

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Ennipmpnt
Quantity
Rv When
Bv Whom
Location
.Forklift          1          11/2
•Pallet Jacks      2          11/2
• Pallets          125        11/2
• Gay lord Boxes    100        11/2
• Folding Tables    6          11/2
• Foldingchairs    10         11/2
• Paperwork Bins   6          11/2
•Traffic Cones     12         11/2
• Directional Signs  4          11/2
•Clip Boards      24         11/2
•Staplers         6          11/2
• Pencils         -100        11/2
• Pens            24         11/2
•Markers         12         11/2
•Misc. Supplies               11/2
•Gen. Surveys     1200       11/2
• Rec. Manifests    1200       11/2
• Name Tags      50         11/2
• Coffee Urn       2          11/2
•Coffee          5lbs       11/2
•Sugar...etc                  11/2
•Donuts          4doz.      11/2
• Pizza           8          11/2
•Sodas          2 cases     11/2
•Coolers         2          11/2
•Ice              6 bags     11/2
                            Somerville
                            Envirocycle
                            Envi recycle
                            Envirocycle
                            Somerville
                            Somerville
                            Somerville
                            Somerville
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                            NRRA
                                 open
                                 ZoneC
                                 open
                                 open
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 All Zones
                                 Zone A
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 Zone C
                                 ZoneC
                                 Zone C
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
                                 ZoneC
•  VII.      Envirocycle
Envirocycle will provide (1) 53' trailer and (1) small box van truck with a lift gate. They
will also provide gaylord box labels for each gaylord used in the collection day.
Envirocycle will bring the gayiords, the pallets, the forklift and the pallets jacks with
them when they arrive at 5:00 p.m. 11/1.

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L
1                               ELECTRONICS  COLLECTION  PILOT

r                                     OPERATIONS OUTLINE
L                                        BINGHAMTON,  NY
                                               11/9/96
p          The host site facility is the Broome County Transit Garage. We have been given the
L          use of three-four inside bays, enough room for 12 cars (2 lanes of six cars) to be
            unloaded at once.  The internal unloading space is adequate for; material separation,
r          traffic flow, clerical support and weather protection.
5
L          I.     Traffic Flow
            it is difficult to predict the participation rate and the resulting vehicle volumes, but we
r          are preparing for a 1% participation from Broome County residents equaling 750
.            vehicles going through the collection site. Considering the fact that the event will last
            for 6 hours, we will be prepared to unload 100-125 cars per hour (unfortunately many
            of these vehicles may arrive in the morning). It is our intent to unload the vehicles in
            blocks of six when volume permits.  When and if vehicle flow is slow we will be able to
            unload vehicles on an individual basis. See Traffic Flow Diagram attached.
L
            II.     Clerical/Data Collection
            We have designed two forms to be used during the event day.

            • Generator Survey
            The first is called the Generator Survey (see attached). This form is two sided and is to
            be completed by the participating resident. A Generator Survey will be giving to each
r          resident/vehicle as they arrive onto Old Mill Road (Zone A). They will complete this
L          survey during their waiting period prior to be unloaded in the transit garage (Zone C)
            and hand the completed form to the unloading volunteer.  This survey will then be
r          stapled to the yet to  be completed Receiving Manifest.
I
I*,

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• Receiving Manifest                                                                     ~-
This second form is called the Receiving Manifest (see attached). This form is one              [ \
sided and will be completed only by the unloading volunteers. All recording onto the
Receiving Manifest will be done in the transit garage (Zone C).  When completed the            -•
Receiving Manifest and the attached Generator Survey will be placed into the                  w j
designated form box at each unloading station (C1-C4).

Any questions on form completion or recording of data will be covered by NRRA staff.            _ a

III.    Volunteers                                                                        ^
We will need a total of 20 volunteers on duty at all times. The breakdown is as follows:          [j j

      Zone 1 - Distribution of Generator Surveys         2-4 Volunteers                     r-
                                                                                        !u
      Zone B - Direct Traffic into Transit Garage          2 Volunteers

      Zone C-Unload Vehicles                         12 Volunteers                     j_
      Zone C - Collect and Coordinate Paperwork        2 Volunteers
      Zone C - Direct Traffic and Material Movement      2 Volunteers                      r~

A volunteer orientation meeting will be held at 8:00 a.m. the day of the event,
November 9.  At this meeting Volunteer Packets will be distributed explaining the               -
vehicle flow, the paperwork system and other event details.                                   [_


IV.    Refreshments                                                                     [_
NRRA will provide coffee and donuts for all volunteers throughout the day. A pizza
lunch and sodas will also be provided for all volunteers.                                      ~
                                                                                       L

                                                                                       [
                                                                                       {
                                                                                       L

                                                                                       L

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r
r
r
L

L,
r
L
L,

r
L
            V.    Equipment & Supplies
            There are numerous equipment and supply needs for this collection day. In order to
            make the equipment and supply coordination as simple as possible we have created
            the following list;
                             Quantity
Bv When
Bv Whom
.ocatlon
• Forklift 1
•Pallet Jacks 2
•Pallets 125
•Gay lord Boxes 100
• Folding Tables 6
• Foldingchairs 10
• Paperwork Bins 6
• Directional Signs 4
•Clip Boards 24
•Staplers 6
• Pencils 100
•Pens 24
• Markers 12
• Misc. Supplies
• Gen. Surveys 1200
• Rec. Manifests 1200
• Name Tags 50
•Coffee Urn 2
•Coffee 5 Ibs
•Sugar...etc
•Donuts 4 doz.
•Pizza 8
•Sodas 2 cases
•Coolers 2
•Ice ' 6 bags
•Safety Vests
•Gloves and Aprons
•Stop Signs
•Traffic Cones & Flags
•Ext. Cords
•2-way Radios
•Receipts
•Name Tags
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9
11/9







•
Envirocycfe
Envi recycle
En vi recycle
Envirocycle
Broome County
Broome County
Broome County
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
NRRA
Broome County
.NRRA
Broome County
Broome County
Broome County
Broome County
Broome County
Broome County
Broome County
NRRA
ZoneD
ZoneC
ZoneD
Zone D
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
Zone A
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC
ZoneC








L

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VII.    Environycle
Envirocycle will provide (1) 53' trailer and (1) small box van truck with a lift gate. They
will also provide gaylord box labels for each gaylord used in the collection day.
Envirocycle will bring the gaylords, the pallets, the forklift and the pallets jacks with
them when they arrive at 7:00 a.m. 11/9.
                                                                                           r
                                                                                           I
                                                                                           L
                                                                                           r
                                                                                           L

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I-            Residential Electronics Collection Pilot

f*            Broome County Volunteer Packet
L

,M«at
(              Welcome and thank you for volunteering you time today.  The electronics collection event we are
*•-•            about to begin is an exciting opportunity to learn more about how electronics are used, stored and
              disposed of in the Broome County. We hope that through our efforts today we can produce
*"            reliable data for use by many other communities throughout the country who are interested in
w             establishing their own electronics recovery programs.

              The key word for today for all of us is data. We are depending on each of you to make sure that
j              every form, every car count and every participant is accounted for. To make this process as easy
>--            as possible we have put together a "zone" system for all of us to follow. Please try and adhere to
              this zone system if possible and if you have any questions - please ask.
              This area will be staffed by three volunteers. This is the area to distribute the generator surveys
              (blue forms), clipboards and pencils. This is also the zone where we greet the participants in a
              friendly manner and answer any early questions they may have.  This is also the zone where one
              volunteer will collect the vehicle fees.
              This area will be staffed by one person.  This volunteer will be responsible for counting every car
              entering the unloading circle and for directing vehicles into the proper traffic lanes. All vehicle
              counts will be recorded on a hourly vehicle log.
P            ToneC
\
              This area will be staffed by a minimum of 8 volunteers. The volunteers working this area will
              have to; receive the completed generator survey forms and staple them to the receiving manifest,
              complete the receiving manifest and, unload the participants' electronics into the properly marked
              gaylords. Once the participants vehicle is completely unloaded they can be sent through the exit
              lane-

              ZnneD

              Only 1 volunteer needed in this area. This volunteer will oversee traffic exiting.

              * We will also position 1-3 volunteers on Old Mill Road for traffic coordination


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                   VOLUNTEERS

ZONE A: 2 volunteers
          Distribution of Generator Surveys

ZONED: 2volunteers
          Direct Traffic into Transit Garage

ZONE C: 8 volunteers
          Unload Vehicles

ZONE C: 2 volunteers
          Collect and Coordinate Paperwork

ZONED: 2volunteers
          Direct Traffic and Material Movement
                                                                   L

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                                                              ZoneD
ZoneB




M

••••••






1 C1 aavlords C2 I
*• lane 1 Zone C 	 i
lane 2 Zone C 	 i
^ lane 3 ZoneC 	 i

I C3 aavlords C4 I
Transit Garage




»•
^
»•

Zone
Old Mill F
1








A
load
1

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          Don't  Get Hurt
             eing  a  Hero

                        If a load is too
                        big or heavy to
                        carry without
                           strain,
                        get
                       help!
           Use a cart, dolly,
           forklift, wheelbarrow,
           or other carrier. Or
           get another person to
           share the load.
       A two-person lift works best if

       • both people are about the same
         height.
       • one person is in charge of saying
         when to move where.
       • you III
         time.
and raise at the same
        • you keep the load at the same
         level while carrying it.
        • you move smoothly together.
        • you unload at the same time.
                 10
                                  Special Equipment
                                  Can Help
                                  When using a hand truck, dolly,
                                  or other material handling
                                  equipment, follow these tips:

                                  • Push, don't pull—you'll get twice
                                    the power.

                                  • Keep the load close to your body.
                                  • Have a firm grip.
                                  • Keep your back straight, knees
                                    bent, and lean in the direction of
                                    movement.
                                  • Lei your legs and body weight do
                                    the work.
                                   Most important, don't overdo it. The risk of injury is too
                                   great. Know your own limitations and get help if you
                                   need it.
                                                                    11
r—i
     r-—i
                              r—3
                                                                 rrrr

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! — i  r
                ! — i

If  you do  hurt your
back: Don't move
   Get medical
   attention
   immediately,
   and follow
   instructions to
   the letter.
                  14
                                                Learn how to  lift
                                                                   safely
                                         You'll avoid injury and help protect your back—which helps you
                                         stand, sit, and move.

                                             Q Watch your weight; eat moderately and diet sensibly.


                                             Q Bend your knees—not your back.

                                             i—i Exercise to strengthen muscles and improve
                                               flexibility.


                                               Plan each lift before you start.


                                               Let your legs, not your back, power your lifting.


                                               Lift smoothly—don't twist while lifting.

                                               Don't overdo it. Get help with loads that are too
                                               heavy or awkward for you to move comfortably.

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                Appendix 9




Organizing a Household Electronics Collection
                                                                      r
                                                                      p






                                                                      I

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                    ORGANIZING A HOUSEHOLD ELECTRONICS COLLECTION                                 _

                                                                                                                      V I
Decide who will host the collection program.
Will the unit of county or local government host the collection at a licensed solid waste/recycling facility? Drop-off              —,
facilities typically already have met required state and local regulatory requirements and are licensed. Many  possess             :  j
some of the equipment, supplies and storage facilities you will need, and have trained personnel experienced in
dealing with the public. Those municipal or county receiving and processing facilities not generally open to the
public may have experience with one-day collections of hazardous waste, textiles or bulky wastes.                              !f~j
                                                                                                                      (I
                                                                                                                      «i,~i
A large manufacturing facility may also make a good host site. Typically, it would have the needed permits, moving
and lifting equipment, trained staff, adequate receiving and storage space and provisions for hazardous waste                     ~
storage. A major advantage of linking residential electronics collection to a manufacturing site host facility is that the .            1
manufacturer may already have transportation and marketing arrangements in place, eliminating the need for market              *>-«
surveys, site visits, request for proposals and contract negotiations with the demanufacturer. The disadvantage is that,
since residents are not habituated to taking trash and/or recyclables to that site, collection event planners will need to             p
mount a much more ambitious education and promotion campaign to ensure high public participation at the new site.             |_

A much less desirable host site option is the parking lot/loading dock area of a large wholesaler or retailer of                     _
electronic equipment. Hosting an EOL electronics collection event could be good publicity for the business.                     j
This is the riskiest option because the hosts will have had no experience collecting waste or recyclables and will not              L..
be aware of the high level of detail required to ensure a smooth collection and protect both workers and the
participating public. The hosts will need education about sorting protocols when "wastes" are being accepted for                 p
reuse or recycling, as well as the potential for receiving unacceptable hazardous wastes.                                       I

Decide who can participate in the collection program.
Will you limit participation to city/county residents only?                                                                  \
                                                                                                                      L.
Are there colleges in your jurisdiction? Since many colleges already operate well-established recycling programs,
local planners could coordinate the special electronic collection with the academic communities' recycling program              —
managers or facilities managers. Municipalities might also approach college environmental studies departments                  |
about developing a citywide electronics collection as a special student project.                                               "~

Will you invite small business participation? The quality and volume of materials collected will rise considerably if              |~
businesses participate; however, involving businesses also increases the risk that non-specified hazardous materials               (_
will appear in your collection.
                                                                                                                      ,—
Survey Potential Markets
It is very important to survey your prospective markets, issue requests for proposals if necessary and select a market              <~
before doing any further planning for your collection program. The demanufacturer you finally select to receive and
dismantle the electronic  appliances your program collects ultimately will determine the collection specifications,                ~
economics and many of the logistical arrangements of your program.                                                       _

Create a list of prospective markets by calling or visiting your state or county environmental regulatory agency, state             _
recycling coordinator's office or your state nonprofit recycling association. Also check with facilities managers or               {
recycling managers of any large companies in you area; they may already be recycling electronic equipment and able            L
to refer you to  demanufacturers that could serve your collection program.

Do some of advance checking on prospective markets. Check state or county regulatory agencies to see if the                   ,
demanufacturer is properly permitted and/or licensed; ask whether the company has been cited for environmental or
other violations. Call the companies directly; ask how long they have been in business, and whether they've ever
participated in a residential EOL electronics collection program. Ask for three references from previous or current               f"
customers and check these references                                                                                   f..
                                                                                                                     r-

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If you've developed a long list of prospects, you may want to issue a request for proposals (RFP) to help you find the
best market. Keep your RFP simple:

    1. Describe what you intend to do and what you will require of the service provider you select.
    2. Ask for a detailed list of post-consumer electronics the company will accept for demanufacturing, what
        the economic terms will be, whether or not they can provide transportation, gaylord storage boxes and other
        supplies.
    3. Ask for specific information about how the company disposes of residual (non-reusable, non-recyclable)
        materials. Include questions about contingency planning for receiving (non-specified) hazardous wastes.
    4. Will they provide labor during the collection events)?
    5. Have they participated in household collection events? What will they expect of the host site?
    6. Keep the RFP open-ended enough for prospective responders to offer their own innovative features you
        may not have considered.
    7. Ask for information about the company itself: history, profiles of chief operating officers, financial
        reports and credit references.
    8. Set a reasonable deadline for responding (two weeks). Describe how the selection process will work
        and reserve the right to reject any or all proposals.                                                                —
                                                                                                                     /
In the unlikely event you receive more than four responses, have a committee review the responses and select two or             ""
three for your short list.
                                                                                                                     r~
Vendor Audits                                                                                                       j_
In the current regulatory requirements involving long-term liability, and strict, joint, and several liability, it is
imperative that any community or organization planning an electronics collection event ensure that any vendors will             -~
be responsible for the materials collected. This is achieved by performing an environmental vendor audit that      .             I
includes several steps. Once the "short list" has been prepared, then the vendors should be informed that a vendor               ^~
audit step is the next necessary function. The vendor audit includes three major components:
                                                                                                                     f~"
     a. Environmental File Review: A list of potential vendors should be forwarded to the state environmental                  ^
     services department and the US Environmental Protection Agency Region office, together with a cover letter
     indicating that your community/agency is considering using the services  of the vendors listed in your letter, and            _
     requesting to review the environmental files for all the companies. Most  environmental services departments
     can schedule this File Review in less than three weeks from the date of the request.                                      --

     The File Review process allows a complete review of the environmental  files maintained by that department on            (~
     each vendor. Each vendor's files should be carefully reviewed, and photo copies made of appropriate                     [_
     documents to document that vendor's compliance or lack of compliance.

     b. Regulatory Compliance: Beyond the environmental file review is a general review of the environmental                 j
     compliance of each potential vendor. Vendors should be easily able to answer questions and provide copies of             L
     plans or documents in the following areas:

            (1.) OSHA: provide a  complete list of any state and Federal OSH A citations, visits, reports and                     l_
            communication within the last four years.

            (2.) Department of Labor, provide a complete set of documents concerning any issues with the                     I
            Department of Labor,  accident reports, etc. for the last four years.                                              L

            (3.) Environmental site compliance: Have each vendor provide a copy of the following environmental               -
           plans for any site that could receive your materials:
                National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit to discharge
                Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
                Spill Prevention, Containment, and Control Plan.
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan                                                                  f~


                                                                                                    I

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                             (4.) Health compliance: Have each vendor provide a copy of the following health plans for any site that
'*"                           could receive your materials:
                                  Hazard Communication Plan
                                  Job Hazard Analysis

                             (5.) Safety compliance: Have each vendor provide a copy of the following safety compliance
 —  ,                         plans/statements for any site that could receive your materials:
                                  Corporate Safety Policy Statement
P                                Employee Checklist for Environmental, Health and Safety training
[___                                Emergency Action Plan
                                  Confined Space Entry Plan (if applicable)
n                                Forklift Training Plan
j    •'                   -.-,        Lock out/Tag out Plan (if applicable)
                              sit: A site visit is a critical component of the assurance needed by a community or agency to ensure
j    .                  that a vendor is qualified to perform services. The site visit is scheduled with the vendor, and one or two
*"~                    representatives of die community travel to the facility to perform the site visit component of the vendor audit
                      Several components of the site visit include:

•••:   -.                       (1 .) Arrival at the facility: drive by the site, and observe the general neighborhood as well as the actual
                           facility being visited. Observe operations at the site, and record any potential adjacent businesses that
p                         could have an environmental impact on the facility.

                           (2.) Site tour Have an employee of the company escort the group to all areas of die facility. Observe any
  a                    .     potential environmental, health and safety concerns as well as critical operations.

L                          (3.) Documentation: Any documentation not previously submitted should be delivered to the site visit
                           group during this site visit.

r
                           (4.) Exit interview: Review the standards and procedures necessary for the vendor to qualify to perform
 ""                         services to your community or agency. If not all concerns or documents are received by this time, set a
  ^                        firm date to have all issues resolved and submitted.

 L,               Develop a Detailed Working Agreement
                 Once you have selected a demanufacturer, negotiate the specific details of your collection event(s).
 r—                     ••*
 !                    1. Eirst, agree upon detailed specifications for all materials you will collect. If you plan to set aside reusable for
 *J                  resale or donation, who will determine the reusability of the materials as they come in? Who receives die
                     revenue? Who pays die expenses?
 r
 I                   2. Agree at which point die demanufacturer takes ownership of die materials.

 ._                  3. Decide on die date(s) and hours of your collection event(s), including alternate dates for bad weather.

 :-                   4. Agree upon die specific responsibilities of each party. Then assign one overall manager to keep die parties on
                     track fulfilling their obligations:
 r»
 j                     a. how many workers will be required to staff die event?
 ~                    b. who will be responsible for recruiting paid and volunteer staff for die collection event?
                      c. who will train die workers? how? when?
 ™"                   d. after making a detailed list of all supplies and equipment you will need, assign responsibility for each item
 _                   on die list

 r*

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     e. Who will be responsible for the various forms of insurance your event may require? The collection events do             i—
     involve some risks to workers. Unloading and loading involve some heavy lifting, the possibility of contact
     with broken glass or cut wires and the possibility of being hit by a moving vehicle. Trucks, forklifts and loaders             '
     will operate at the collection facility, posing a hazard to volunteers not accustomed to working around heavy
     equipment If collection site is not a government property such as a public works garage or solid waste                     f~
     receiving facility, planners may want to check into event-day liability insurance. Event planners might find it                j
     prudent to draw up a waiver for volunteers to sign.
     f. Who will transport the collected electronics from the host site to the demanufacturing site? If you plan to hire             _
     a third-party trucking operation, who will contract with the trucker? Require the trucking contractor (whether a
     separate contractor or the demanufacturer) to show proof of adequate insurance coverage, naming the event
     organizers) as "additional and named insured."
     g. How will the collection site be set up? How will traffic flow?                                                         r~
     h. Who will handle public education and promotion of your event? Even if you will assume final responsibility,             j
     your buyer may have connections and many good ideas on how to promote the collection, as well as
     boiler-plate brochures, press releases you can tailor for your own use. (See below for a detailed plan for putting             _
     out a mass mailing.)                                                                                               j
                                                                                                                       LJ
    5. Develop contingency plans for handling hazardous waste that may enter your collection stream. Even with the
    best ongoing programs of public education, municipal solid waste managers everywhere deal with the regular               rrj
    appearance of household hazardous wastes - and even occasional hazardous waste from local business                      | 1
    generators - at drop-off collection facilities, whether they have periodic HH W collections or not These realities
    create special considerations for electronics collection events. No matter how thorough your program of public              „.._
    education, how well advertised the specifications for collection, electronics collection planners must develop a              I <
    plan for dealing with hazardous waste that may show up during the collection event.                                      i- -

    Set up a plan for monitoring incoming materials for hazardous waste and turning away those materials before                r™
    they have been unloaded from a participant's vehicle. In most cases, the host site legally owns materials,                    1
    including hazardous wastes that may be present, as soon as they are unloaded from the participant's vehicle. If
    the host site does not already incorporate a hazardous waste receiving/collection facility, you may want to make             __
    contingency plans for dealing with any hazardous materials you may receive.                                             j

    6. Agree on all financial aspects of the project: Will you pay the demanufacturer a flat fee? Will you add up
    expenses and revenues and pay vendor the difference? Will the vendor offer a financial incentive for high                   —
    volume or high quality of materials?                                                                                  I

    7. Make a list of all federal, state and local regulations that may apply to your collection event Agree on how
    you will assure compliance with all of them.                                                                          f~
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Commit all these decisions to writing, striving for simplicity and clarity. Pass the document back and forth between
you and your selected vendor until you can agree on all the language. Then have a lawyer review the agreement If              —
you spend time negotiating and working through every detail of your agreement, you will avoid misunderstandings              ,
that can lead to legal problems. Follow the terms of your own obligations to the letter.

Mass mailings                                                                                                        ~
Decide on the most appropriate method for contacting your constituents based on locally available mailing lists,                 |__
journals, newspapers, etc.

For event organizers who may not have had experience handling large direct mailings, here are the six steps to take              j
to ensure that residents (and small businesses,  in cases where they will be invited to participate) will receive flyers               u
two to three weeks prior to the collection date. Many of the steps are not sequential, but involve simultaneous
coordination among subcontractors to ensure mailings go out on time.                                                       ~

    1. Begin planning large mailings at least 12 weeks before the collection event The reason for the long lead
    time is that you may need to coordinate the activities of several subcontractors: printers, list broker and mail

                                                                                                                      v^

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                  house. All of these types of businesses have busy seasons and busy times each month. You need to schedule
                  your activity weeks in advance to give your mailing top priority.

                  2. Assign someone to be accountable for all details of the mailing. This is critical if you want your mailing to
                  reach residents on time. Missing a scheduled date with the printer or the mail house can put your job a week or
                  more behind schedule - if you miss your print deadline, you'll probably miss your date with the mail house, too.
                  Your flyer won't be useful if people don't get it in time to plan to attend your event! Assign someone to keep
                  track of deadlines.

                  3. Develop the flyer. About eight weeks before the collection event, develop the flyer, or hire a subcontractor to
                  develop the flyer, using desktop publishing software. Your flyer should include: die location, date and hours of
                  the collection event(s); a brief description of the program; a detailed list of acceptable materials to bring the
                  designated drop-off location or leave at curbside; a telephone number to request further information; the dates
                  for any follow-up collection events.                                                         .

                  4. Order any mailing lists you don't already have through a print moll broker. Listed in the Yellow Pages
                  under "Mailing Lists", "Mailing Services", "Advertising/Direct Mail", mail brokers maintain continuously
                  updated "occupant file" lists of residential, households and Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) business lists
                  for each community as well. Get the mail broker to provide you with an accurate count of the number of    ;
                  households and businesses to receive the mailing, so you can contact the printer, early to schedule your job. We
                  called the mail broker eight weeks before the scheduled collection date to order our list(s). Schedule "delivery of
                  the lists you order from the broker in the forms specified by your mail house (or the form you prefer, if you are
                  doing your own mailing). We specified that the lists should arrive at the mail house one week before the date we
                  had scheduled with our mail house (see below) to send out our flyers.

                  5. Contact a local direct mail house to handle the bulk mailing. Most list brokers do not handle bulk
                  mailings themselves.  They rely on the services of a direct mail house to label, sort and mail your flyers. As soon
                  as you know how many flyers you need for your mailing, schedule your mailing with the mail house; schedule it
                  to go out two or three days before you want your flyers in the hands of residents/businesses. If the list broker is
                  going to deliver the mailing list(s) directly to the mail house, the person responsible for managing the mailing
                  should make sure to schedule delivery by the broker two or three  days prior to the date scheduled with the mail
                  house to run your job.

                  6. Contact the printer. As soon as you have an accurate count of the numbers of residences and businesses on
                  your lists, call the printer to schedule  your job. While the printer may be able to complete your print run quickly
                  after you deliver the mock-up (on disk or in hard copy), the company is unlikely to  fit your large job into a busy
                  schedule. Schedule large mailing several weeks in advance of the mailing date to ensure that your mailing goes
                  out on time.

                  NOTE ON TRANSLATION ISSUES Jurisdictions with significant non-English speaking constituencies may
                  want to consider offering the flyers in multi-lingual versions, or at least including directions for where
                  non-English speaking recipients can call for more information.

               Aftermath
               Plan to conduct an informal review of your electronics collection event while it is still fresh in everyone's mind. Put
               someone in charge of keeping the session  on track, and appoint someone to take notes. Discuss what worked well
               and where the glitches were. Brainstorm ways the event might have been improved.

               Thank all volunteers, participants and any event "sponsors" publicly and personally recognize leaders and people
               who worked especially hard. If the collection was successful, make a big deal of it through signs posted at the local
               recycling facility, press releases, radio announcements, editorials or letters to the editor.
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