United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Final Candidate Contaminant List 3
Microbes: Identifying the Universe
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Office of Water (4607M)
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
www.epa.gov/safewater
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EPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Microbes: EPA 815-R-09-004
Identifying the Universe August 2009
Final CCL 3
EPA is including twelve pathogens on the final Candidate Contaminant List 3 (CCL 3),
one more than the eleven pathogens on the Draft CCL 3. The Agency is adding Adenovirus,
Enterovirus, and Mycobacterium avium, and is removing Vibrio cholerae andEntamoeba
histolytica from the Final CCL 3 (See Exhibit 1).
The protocol EPA used to select the microbial contaminants for the Draft CCL 3 is
described in detail in the February 21, 2008, notice (73 FR 9631, 9644; USEPA, 2008a). Except
for a minor change in the scoring step of the microbial CCL 3 process, (see the Final CCL 3
Microbes: PCCL to CCL Process) the protocol for selecting pathogens for the final CCL 3
remains the same as the protocol for the draft CCL 3. Specifically, this step of the process for
identifying the universe is unchanged from the Draft CCL 3.
CCL 3 Microbes: Identifying the Universe
The Universe process began with the list of 1,415 human pathogens compiled by Taylor
et al. (2001). This list of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi was adopted upon the
recommendation of the National Drinking Water Advisory Committee (NDWAC) as the starting
point for the CCL 3 microbial universe. The Agency added organisms to the Taylor et al. (2001)
list and updated some nomenclature. EPA acknowledges that given the dynamic nature of
ongoing microbial research, any list of all human pathogens must be periodically updated to
remain accurate.
1.0 Background and Scope
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, requires EPA to publish a
list of contaminants that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and which
may require regulation under the SDWA. This list is called the Contaminant Candidate List
(CCL). The first CCL (CCL 1) was published in March 1998 (USEPA, 1998) and the second
CCL (CCL 2) was published February 24, 2005 (USEPA, 2005).
EPA requested assistance from the National Academy of Sciences National Research
Council's Water Science and Technology Board (NRC) for developing a more robust approach
for identifying and prioritizing potential drinking water contaminants. The NRC formed the
Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants, and the committee published their
recommendations in 1999 and 2001 (NRC, 1999a; NRC, 1999b; NRC, 2001).
In September 2002, at EPA's request, NDWAC formed the CCL Classification Process
workgroup to evaluate the NRC recommendations and provide advice to EPA regarding
implementation of the recommendations. The NDWAC workgroup completed its deliberations
and issued a report in May, 2004.
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2.0 Additions to the List Compiled by Taylor et al., 2001
EPA followed NDWAC's recommendation to specifically use Taylor, et al. (2001) and
literature reviews as the starting point for the Microbial CCL 3 Universe (NDWAC, 2004). As
EPA reviewed Taylor et al. (2001), additional microbial contaminants were also identified. EPA
looked at fungi in drinking water literature and identified 6 fungi reported to occur in drinking
water distribution systems that did not appear on the Taylor list (Exhibit 1). EPA also added
reovirus to the universe based on additional health effects information (Tyler, et al., 2004).
In October 2006, EPA published a notice in the Federal Register (USEPA, 2006)
requesting chemical and microbial contaminant nominations as part of the process to identify
emerging contaminants that should be considered for the CCL. Through this process, 24
microbial contaminants were nominated by the public (USEPA, 2007). Twenty-two of the
microbes were already included on the CCL 3 Universe. The two additional microbes nominated
were Methylobacterium (with two species) and mimivirus. These bacterial species, two viral
groups and six fungal species were added to the microbial universe which brings the universe list
to 1,425 microbes (noted with an *). The full CCL 3 microbial universe list is presented in
Exhibit 2.
Exhibit 1. Fungi Added to the Microbial Universe
Organism
Arthrographis kelrae
Chryosporium zontatum.
Geotrichum candidum
Sporotrichum pruinosum
Stachybotrys chartarum
Stemphylium macrosporoideum
Reference
Patterson, 2005
Arvanitidou et al.,
Rosenzweig et al.,
1999
1986
Doggett, 2000
Dogget, 2000
West, 1986
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3.0 References
Arvanitidou, M. K. Kanellou, T. C. Constantinides, and V. Katsouyannopoulos. 1999. The
occurrence of fungi in hospital and community potable waters. Letters in Applied Microbiology
29:81-84.
Doggett, M. S. 2000. Characterization of fungal biofilms within a municipal water distribution
system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66:1249-1251.
Nagy, L. A. and B. H. Olson. 1982. The occurrence of filamentous fungi in drinking water
distribution systems. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 28:667-671.
National Research Council (NRC). 1999a. Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants.
National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
National Research Council (NRC). 1999b. Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants.
National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
National Research Council (NRC). 2001. Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for
Regulatory Consideration. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
National Drinking Water Advisory Council (NOWAC). 2004. National Drinking Water
Advisory Council Report on the CCL Classification Process to the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, May 19, 2004
Patterson, Thomas F. 2005. Advances and challenges in management of invasive
Mycoses. Lancet 2005; 366: 1013-25.
Rosenzweig, W. D., W. D., H. Minnigh, and W. O. Pipes. 1986. Fungi in potable water
distribution systems. Journal of the American Water Works Association 78(l):53-55.
Taylor, L. H., S. M. Latham, and M. E. Woolhouse. 2001. Risk factors for human disease
emergence Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. Vol. 356, pp. 983-989.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1998. Announcement of the drinking
water contaminant candidate list. Federal Register 63(49): 10273-10287.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2005. Drinking water contaminant
candidate list 2; Final Notice. Federal Register 70(36):9071-9077.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2006. Request for nominations of
drinking water contaminants for the contaminant candidate list. Federal Register 71(199):60704-
60708.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2008. Summary of Nominations for
the Third Contaminant Candidate List.
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West, P. R. 1986. Isolation rates and characterization of fungi in drinking water distribution
systems. Proceedings of the Water Quality Technology Conference, American Water Works
Association, Denver, CO.
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Appendix A: The CCL 3 Microbial Universe List
A1
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The CCL 3 Microbial Universe List
The list of 1,415 microorganisms compiled by Taylor et al. (2001) includes bacteria and
rickettsia, viruses and prions, protozoa, helminths, and fungi. The the microbial nomenclature of
the list represents the nomenclature used by the original author and the taxonomic understanding
as of the date of publication. Due to the dynamic nature of microbial research, Appendix A is
incomplete, and in a few instances inaccurate (e.g., listing a microorganism under different
names). No attempt was made to correct errors in the list; and it was adopted verbatim.
Additions to the list were made by EPA following solicitation of nominations from the scientific
community and as the result of new information on emerging pathogens of potential relevance.
The list is presented alphabetically for each of the five microbiological groups in Exhibit 2.
Exhibit 2. The CCL 3 Microbial Universe
Bacteria and Rickettsia
Abiotrophia defective
Achromobacter piechaudii
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Acidaminococcus fermentans
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Acinetobacter haemolyticus
Acinetobacter johnsonii
Acinetobacter junii
Acinetobacter Iwoffii
Acinetobacter radioresistens
Actinobacillus equuli
Actinobacillus hominis
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Actinobacillus suis
Actinobacillus ureae
Actinomyces georgiae
Actinomyces gerencseriae
Actinomyces israelii
Actinomyces meyeri
Actinomyces naeslundii
Actinomyces neuii
Actinomyces odontolyticus
Actinomyces radingae
Actinomyces turicensis
Aerococcus viridans
Aeromonas caviae
A2
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Aeromonas hydrophila
Aeromonas sobria
Aeromonas veronii
Alcaligenes odorans
Amycolatopsis orientalis
Arcanobacterium bernardiae
Arcanobacterium heamolyticum
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Arcobacter butzleri
Arcobacter cryaerophilus
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus circulans
Bacillus coagulans
Bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus mycoides
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus sphaericus
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacteroides caccae
Bacteroides distasonis
Bacteroides eggerthii
Bacteroides forsythus
Bacteroides fragilis
Bacteroides galacturonicus
Bacteroides merdae
Bacteroides ovatus
Bacteroides pectinophilus
Bacteroides splanchnicus
Bacteroides stercoris
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Bacteroides uniformis
Bacteroides ureolyticus
Bacteroides vulgatus
Bartonella bacilliformis
Bartonella elizabethae
Bartonella henselae
Bartonella quintana
Bergeyella zoohelcum
Bifidobacterium dentium
Bilophila wadsworthia
Bordetella avium
A3
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Bordetella bronchiseptica
Bordetella parapertussis
Bordetella pertussis
Borrelia brasiliensis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia caucasica
Borrelia crocidurae
Borrelia duttonii
Borrelia hermsii
Borrelia hispanica
Borrelia latyschewii
Borrelia mazzottii
Borrelia parkeri
Borrelia persica
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia turicatae
Borrelia venezuelensis
Brevibacillus brevis
Brevundimonas diminuta
Brevundimonas vesicularis
Brucella melitensis
Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Campylobacter coli
Campylobacter concisus
Campylobacter curvus
Campylobacter fetus
Campylobacter gracilis
Campylobacter hyointestinalis
Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter lari
Campylobacter rectus
Campylobacter sputorum
Campylobacter upsaliensis
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Capnocytophaga cynodegmi
Capnocytophaga gingivalis
Capnocytophaga ochracea
Capnocytophaga sputigena
Cardiobacterium hominis
Cedecea davisae
Cedecea lapagei
Cedecea neteri
A4
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Cellulomonas cellulans
Cellulomonas turbata
Centipeda periodontii
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chromobacterium violaceum
Chryseobacterium balustinum
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum
Citrobacter amalonaticus
Citrobacter braakii
Citrobacter farmeri
Citrobacter freundii
Citrobacter koseri
Citrobacter rodentium
Citrobacter sedlakii
Citrobacter werkmanii
Citrobacter youngae
Clostridium baratii
Clostridium bifermentans
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium butyricum
Clostridium chauvoei
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium fallax
Clostridium histolyticum
Clostridium novyi
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium ramosum
Clostridium septicum
Clostridium sordellii
Clostridium sporogenes
Clostridium tertium
Clostridium tetani
Collinsella aerofaciens
Comamonas testosteroni
Corynebacterium afermentans
Corynebacterium argentoratense
Corynebacterium bovis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Corynebacterium jeikeium
Corynebacterium kutscheri
Corynebacterium macginleyi
Corynebacterium minutissimum
A5
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Corynebacterium propinquum
Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium striatum
Corynebacterium ulcerans
Corynebacterium urealyticum
Corynebacterium xerosis
Coxiella bumetii
Delftia acidovorans
Dermatophilus congolensis
Dichelobacter nodosus
Edwardsiella hoshinae
Edwardsiella tarda
Eggerthella lenta
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Ehrlichia equi
Ehrlichia ewingii
Ehrlichia phagocytophila
Ehrlichia sennetsu
Eikenella corrodens
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter amnigenus
Enterobacter asburiae
Enterobacter cancerogenus
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter gergoviae
Enterobacter hormaechei
Enterobacter sakazakii
Enterococcus avium
Enterococcus casseliflavus
Enterococcus durans
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus flavescens
Enterococcus gallinarum
Enterococcus hirae
Enterococcus mundtii
Enterococcus raffinosus
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Escherichia coli
Eubacterium brachy
Eubacterium combesii
Eubacterium contortum
Eubacterium cylindroides
A6
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Eubacterium limosum
Eubacterium moniliforme
Eubacterium multi forme
Eubacterium nodatum
Eubacterium rectale
Eubacterium saburreum
Eubacterium saphenum
Eubacterium sulci
Eubacterium tenue
Eubacterium timidum
Ewingella americana
Fibrobacter intestinalis
Filifactor alocis
Finegoldia magna
Fluoribacter bozemanae
Fluoribacter dumoffii
Fluoribacter gormanii
Francisella tularensis
Fusobacterium mortiferum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Fusobacterium periodonticum
Fusobacterium ulcerans
Fusobacterium varium
Gardnerella vaginalis
Gemella morbillorum
Gordon/a amarae
Gordon/a bronchialis
Gordon/a rubropertincta
Gordon/a sputi
Gordon/a terrae
Granulicatella adiacens
Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans
Haemophilus aphrophilus
Haemophilus ducreyi
Haemophilus haemolyticus
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus parahaemolyticus
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Haemophilus paraphrophilus
Haemophilus segnis
Hafnia alvei
Helicobacter cinaedi
A7
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Helicobacter fennelliae
Helicobacter heilmannii
Helicobacter pullorum
Helicobacter pylori
Kingella denitrificans
Kingella kingae
Klebsiella granulomatis
Klebsiella ornithinolytica
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Kluyvera ascorbata
Kluyvera cryocrescens
Lactobacillus sp.
Legionella anisa
Legionella birminghamensis
Legionella cherrii
Legionella cincinnatiensis
Legionella feeleii
Legionella hackeliae
Legionella jordanis
Legionella lansingensis
Legionella longbeachae
Legionella oakridgensis
Legionella pneumophila
Legionella rubrilucens
Legionella sainthelensi
Legionella tucsonensis
Legionella wadsworthii
Leifsonia aquatica
Leptospira borgpetersenii
Leptospira inadai
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospira kirschneri
Leptospira meyeri
Leptospira noguchii
Leptospira santarosai
Leptospira weilii
Leptotrichia buccalis
Listeria ivanovii
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria seeligeri
Listeria welshimeri
Mannheimia haemolytica
Megamonas hypermegale
A8
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Megasphaera sp.
Methylobacterium mesophilicum*
Methylobacterium zatmanii*
Micromonas micros
Moraxella atlantae
Moraxella bovis
Moraxella catarrhalis
Moraxella caviae
Moraxella cuniculi
Moraxella lacunata
Moraxella lincolnii
Moraxella liquefaciens
Moraxella nonliquefaciens
Moraxella osloensis
Moraxella ovis
Morganella morganii
Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium africanum
Mycobacterium asiaticum
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium celatum
Mycobacterium chelonae
Mycobacterium conspicuum
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium genavense
Mycobacterium gordonae
Mycobacterium haemophilum
Mycobacterium kansasii
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium malmoense
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium mucogenicum
Mycobacterium peregrinum
Mycobacterium porcinum
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
Mycobacterium senegalense
Mycobacterium shimoidei
Mycobacterium simiae
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Mycobacterium szulgai
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycobacterium xenopi
A9
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Mycoplasma fermentans
Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma salivarium
Myroides odoratus
Neisseria cinerea
Neisseria elongata
Neisseria flava
Neisseria flavescens
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria lactamica
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria mucosa
Neisseria perflava
Neisseria sicca
Neisseria subflava
Neisseria weaver!
Nocardia asteroides
Nocardia brasiliensis
Nocardia caviae
Nocardia farcinica
Nocardia nova
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum
Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis
Nocardia transvalensis
Ochrobactrum anthropi
Oligella ureolytica
Oligella urethralis
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Paenibacillus alvei
Paenibacillus macerans
Pantoea agglomerans
Pasteurella aerogenes
Pasteurella caballi
Pasteurella canis
Pasteurella dagmatis
Pasteurella multocida
Pasteurella pneumotropica
Pasteurella stomatis
Peptococcus niger
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus
A10
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Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus
Peptostreptococcus prevotii
Peptostreptococcus vaginalis
Photobacterium damselae
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Porphyromonas asaccharolytica
Porphyromonas catoniae
Porphyromonas circumdentaria
Porphyromonas endodontalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas levii
Porphyromonas macacae
Prevotella bivia
Prevotella buccae
Prevotella buccalis
Prevotella corporis
Prevotella dentalis
Prevotella denticola
Prevotella disiens
Prevotella enoeca
Prevotella heparinolytica
Prevotella intermedia
Prevotella loescheii
Prevotella melaninogenica
Prevotella nigrescens
Prevotella oralis
Prevotella oris
Prevotella oulora
Prevotella ruminicola
Prevotella tannerae
Prevotella veroralis
Prevotella zoogleoformans
Propionibacterium acnes
Propionibacterium avidum
Propionibacterium granulosum
Propionibacterium propionicus
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus penneri
Proteus vulgaris
Providencia alcalifaciens
Providencia rettgeri
Providencia stuartii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas alcaligenes
A11
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Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas stutzeri
Pseudonocardia autotrophica
Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus
Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus
Rahnella aquatilis
Ralstonia pickettii
Rhodococcus equi
Rhodococcus erythropolis
Rhodococcus fascians
Rhodococcus rhodnii
Rhodococcus rhodochrous
Rickettsia africae
Rickettsia akari
Rickettsia australis
Rickettsia conorii
Rickettsia felis
Rickettsia honei
Rickettsia japonica
Rickettsia massiliae
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia sibirica
Rickettsia typhi
Rothia dentocariosa
Ruminococcus productus
Saccharomonospora viridis
Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula
Salmonella bongori
Salmonella choleraesuis
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella typhimurium
Sebaldella termitidis
Selenomonas artemidis
Selenomonas dianae
Selenomonas flueggei
Selenomonas infelix
Selenomonas noxia
Serratia ficaria
Serratia marcescens
Serratia odorifera
A12
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Serratia plymuthica
Serratia proteamaculans
Serratia rubidaea
Shigella boydii
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
Spirillum minus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus hyicus
Staphylococcus intermedius
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus warneri
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Streptococcus acidominimus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus anginosus
Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus canis
Streptococcus constellatus
Streptococcus criceti
Streptococcus equi
Streptococcus gordonii
Streptococcus intermedius
Streptococcus milleri
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus sanguis
Streptococcus sobrinus
Streptococcus suis
Streptococcus uberis
Sutterella wadsworthensis
Suttonella indologenes
Tatlockia maceachernii
Tatlockia micdadei
Tatumella ptyseos
A13
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Treponema carateum
Treponema pallidum
Tropheryma whippelii
Tsukamurella inchonensis
Tsukamurella paurometabola
Tsukamurella pulmonis
Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Veillonella atypica
Veillonella dispar
Veillonella parvula
Vibrio alginolyticus
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cincinnatiensis
Vibrio fluvialis
Vibrio furnissii
Vibrio hollisae
Vibrio mimicus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus
Wolinella succinogenes
Yersinia bercovieri
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia frederiksenii
Yersinia intermedia
Yersinia kristensenii
Yersinia mollaretii
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia rohdei
Yersinia ruckeri
Viruses and Prions
Andes virus
Apoi virus
Australian bat lyssavirus
Bagaza virus
Bangui virus
Banna virus
Banzi virus
Barmah Forest virus
Batken virus
Bayou virus
A14
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Bebaru virus
Bhanja virus
BK virus
Black creek canal virus
Borna disease virus
Bovine Ephemeral Fever virus
Bovine Papular Stomatitis virus
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) agent
Buffalopox virus
Bunyamwera virus
Bussuquara virus
Bwamba virus
California encephalitis virus
Candiru virus complex
Caraparu virus
Catu virus
Cercopithecine herpes virus 1
Chandipura virus
Changuinola virus
Chikungunya virus
Chim virus
Creutzfeld-Jokob Disease (CJD) agent
Colorado tick fever virus
Cote d'lvoire Ebola virus
Cowpox virus
Crimea-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus
Dakar bat virus
Dengue virus
Dhori virus
Dobrava-Belgrade virus
Dugbe virus
Duvenhage virus
Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Edge Hill virus
Encephalomyocarditis virus
European bat lyssavirus 1
European bat lyssavirus 2
European Tick-borne encephalitis virus
Everglades virus
Eyach virus
Far eastern Tick-borne encephalitis virus
Foot and mouth disease virus
Ganjam virus
Getah virus
A15
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Guama virus
Guanarito virus
Guaroa virus
Hantaan virus
Hendra virus
Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis delta virus
Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis G virus
HU39694 virus
Hughes virus
Human adenovirus A
Human adenovirus B
Human adenovirus C
Human adenovirus D
Human adenovirus E
Human adenovirus F
Human astrovirus
Human Coronavirus 229E
Human Coronavirus OC43
Human enterovirus 68
Human enterovirus 70
Human enterovirus A
Human enterovirus B
Human enterovirus C
Human enterovirus D
Human Herpesvirus 1
Human Herpesvirus 2
Human Herpesvirus 3
Human Herpesvirus 4
Human Herpesvirus 5
Human Herpesvirus 6
Human Herpesvirus 7
Human Herpesvirus 8
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 2
Human papillomavirus
Human parainfluenza virus 1
Human parainfluenza virus 2
Human parainfluenza virus 3
Human parainfluenza virus 4
Human parechovirus type 1
A16
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Human parechovirus type 2
Human Respiratory Syncytial virus
Human Rhinovirus A
Human Rhinovirus B
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1
Igbo-ora virus
llheus virus
Influenza A virus
Influenza B virus
Influenza C virus
Issyk-Kul virus
Japanese encephalitis virus
JC virus
Junin virus
Juquitiba virus
Karshi virus
Kasokero virus
Kedougou virus
Kemerovo virus
Kokobera virus
Koutango virus
Kyasanur forest disease virus
Laguna Negra virus
Lanjan virus
Lassa virus
Lebombo virus
Lechiguanas virus
Louping ill virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Machupo virus
Madrid virus
Marburg virus
Marituba virus
Mayaro virus
Measles virus
Menangle virus
Mimivirus
Mokola virus
Molluscum contagiosum virus
Monkeypox virus
Monongahela virus
Mucambo virus
Mumps virus
A17
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Murray Valley encephalitis virus
New York virus
Newcastle disease virus
Nipah virus
Norwalk-like viruses
Nyando virus
Ockelbo virus
Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
O'nyong-nyong virus
Oran virus
Orf virus
Oriboca virus
Oropouche virus
Orungo virus
Parvovirus B19
Phnom-Penh bat virus
Picobirnavirus
Piry virus
Poliovirus
Powassan virus
Pseudocowpox virus
Punta Toro virus
Puumala virus
Quaranfil Virus
Rabies virus
Reovirus
Reston Ebola virus
Rift Valley fever virus
Rio Bravo virus
Rocio virus
Ross River virus
Rotavirus A
Rotavirus B
Rotavirus C
Rotavirus D
Rotavirus E
Rotavirus F
Royal Farm virus
Rubella virus
Sabia virus
Saimiriine herpesvirus 1
Salehabad virus
Sandfly fever Naples virus
A18
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Sandfly fever virus group
Saumarez Reef virus
Sealpox virus
Semliki Forest virus
Seoul virus
Sepik virus
Sin Nombre virus
Sindbis virus
St. Louis encephalitis virus
Sudan Ebola virus
Suid herpesvirus
Swine vesicular disease virus
Tacaiuma virus
Tamdy virus
Tanapox virus
Tataguine virus
Thogoto virus
Trubanaman virus
Tyuleniy virus
Usutu virus
Variola virus
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus
Vesicular stomatitis virus
Wad Medani virus
Wanowrie virus
Wesselsbron virus
West Nile virus
Western Equine Encephalitis virus
Wyeomyia virus
Yaba monkey tumor virus
Yellow fever virus
Yogue virus
Zaire Ebola virus
Zika virus
Zinga virus
Protozoa
Acanthamoeba astronyxis
Acanthamoeba castellan!
Acanthamoeba culbertsoni
Acanthamoeba hatchetti
Acanthamoeba palestinensis
Acanthamoeba polyphaga
A19
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Acanthamoeba rhysoides
Babesia bovis
Babesia divergens
Babesia gibsoni
Babesia microti
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Balantidium coli
Blastocystis hominis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Dientamoeba fragilis
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Encephalitozoon hellem
Encephalitozoon intestinalis
Entamoeba chattoni
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Giardia duodenalis
Isospora belli
Leishmania aethiopica
Leishmania amazonensis
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania chagasi
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania guyanensis
Leishmania infantum
Leishmania lainsoni
Leishmania major
Leishmania mexicana
Leishmania naiffi
Leishmania panamensis
Leishmania peruviana
Leishmania pifanoi
Leishmania shawi
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania venezuelensis
Naegleria fowleri
Nosema africanum
Nosema ceylonensis
Nosema connori
Nosema ocularum
Pentatrichomonas hominis
A20
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium knowlesi
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium simium
Plasmodium vivax
Retortamonas intestinalis
Sarcocystis hominis
Sarcocystis lindermanni
Sarcocystis suihominis
Toxoplasma gondii
Trachipleistophora hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi
Vittaforma corneae
Helminths
Acanthocephalus rauschi
Achillurbainia nouveli
Achillurbainia recondita
Alaria americana
Alaria marcianae
Amphimerus pseudofelineus
Anatrichosoma cutaneum
Ancylostoma braziliense
Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma ceylanicum
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancylostoma malayanum
Anisakis physeteris
Anisakis simplex
Aonchotheca philippinensis
Apophallus donicus
Artyfechinostomum mehrai
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris suum
Ascocotyle sp.
Australobilharzia terrigalensis
Baylisascaris procyonis
Bertiella mucronata
Bertiella studeri
A21
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Bilharziella polonica
Bolbosoma sp.
Brugia beaveri
Brugia guyanensis
Brugia malayi
Brugia pahangi
Brugia timori
Bunostomum phlebotomum
Calodium hepaticum
Carneocephallus brevicaea
Cathaemasia cabrerai
Centrocestus armatus
Centrocestus formosanus
Cheilospirura sp.
Clinostomum complanatum
Contracaecum osculatum
Corynosoma strumosum
Cryptocotyle lingua
Cyclodontostomum purvisi
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Dicrocoelium hospes
Dioctophyme renale
Dipetalonema arbuta
Dipetalonema reconditum
Diphyllobothrium cameroni
Diphyllobothrium cordatum
Diphyllobothrium dalliae
Diphyllobothrium dendriticum
Diphyllobothrium elegans
Diphyllobothrium erinaceieuropaei
Diphyllobothrium hians
Diphyllobothrium houghtoni
Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii
Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum
Diphyllobothrium latum
Diphyllobothrium mansonoides
Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense
Diphyllobothrium orcini
Diphyllobothrium pacificum
Diphyllobothrium scoticum
Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum
Diphyllobothrium theileri
Diplogonoporus balaenopterae
Diplogonoporus brauni
A22
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Diplogonoporus fukuokaensis
Diplostomum spathaceum
Dipylidium caninum
Dirofilaria immitis
Dirofilaria repens
Dirofilaria striata
Dirofilaria subdermata
Dirofilaria tenuis
Dirofilaria ursi
Dracunculus insignis
Dracunculus medinensis
Drepanidotaenia lanceolata
Echinochasmus japonicus
Echinochasmus jiufoensis
Echinochasmus perfoliatus
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
Echinococcus oligarthus
Echinococcus vogeli
Echinoparyphium recurvatum
Echinostoma cinetorchis
Echinostoma echinatum
Echinostoma hortense
Echinostoma ilocanum
Echinostoma jassyense
Echinostoma macrorchis
Echinostoma malayanum
Echinostoma revolutum
Enterobius gregorii
Enterobius vermicularis
Episthmium caninum
Eucoleus aerophilus
Eurytrema pancreaticum
Eustrongylides sp.
Fasciola gigantica
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola indica
Fasciolopsis buski
Fibricola seoulensis
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Gigantobilharzia huttoni
Gigantobilharzia sturniae
Gnathostoma do/ores;
Gnathostoma hispidum
A23
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Gnathostoma nipponicum
Gnathostoma spinigerum
Gongylonema pulchrum
Gymnophalloides sp.
Haemonchus contortus
Haplorchis pumilo
Haplorchis taichui
Haplorchis vanissima
Haplorchis yokogawai
Heterobilharzia americana
Heterophyes dispar
Heterophyes heterophyes
Heterophyes nocens
Heterophyopsis continua
Himasthala muehlensi
Hymenolepis diminuta
Hymenolepis nana
Hypoderaeum conoideum
Inermicapsifer madagascariensis
Isoparorchis hypselobagri
Lagochilascaris minor
Ligula intestinalis
Loa loa
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Macracanthorhynchus ingens
Mammomonogamus laryngeus
Mammomonogamus nasicola
Mansonella ozzardi
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella rodhaini
Mansonella semiclarum
Mansonella streptocerca
Marshallagia marshalli
Mathevotaenia symmetrica
Mecistocirrus digitatus
Meningonema peruzzii
Mesocestoides lineatus
Mesocestoides variabilis
Metagonimus minutus
Metagonimus yokogawai
Metastrongylus elongatus
Metorchis albidus
Metorchis conjunctus
Microfilaria bolivarensis
A24
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Micronema deletrix
Moniezia expansa
Moniliformis moniliformis
Multiceps brauni
Multiceps glomeratus
Multiceps longihamatus
Multiceps multiceps
Multiceps serialis
Nanophyetus salmincola
Necator americanus
Nematodirus abnormalis
Neodiplostomum sp.
Oesophagostomum aculeatum
Oesophagostomum bifurcum
Oesophagostomum stephanostomum
Onchocerca volvulus
Opisthorchis (Chlonorchis) sinensis
Opisthorchis felineus
Opisthorchis guayaquilensis
Opisthorchis noverca
Opisthorchis viverrini
Orientobilharzia turkestanica
Ornithobilharzia sp.
Ostertagia ostertagi
Paragonimus africanus
Paragonimus bankokensis
Paragonimus caliensis
Paragonimus heterotremus
Paragonimus hueitungensis
Paragonimus kellicotti
Paragonimus mexicanus
Paragonimus miyazakii
Paragonimus ohirai
Paragonimus phillipinensis
Paragonimus sadoensis
Paragonimus siamensis
Paragonimus skrjabini
Paragonimus uterobilateralis
Paragonimus westermani
Parascaris equorum
Parastrongylus cantonensis
Parastrongylus costaricensis
Pearsonema plica
Pelodera strongyloides
A25
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Phaneropsolus bonnei
Philophthalmus lacrymosus
Phocanema decipiens
Physaloptera caucasica
Physaloptera transfuga
Plagiorchis harinasutai
Plagiorchis javensis
Plagiorchis muris
Plagiorchis philippinensis
Poikilorchis congolensis
Procerovum calderoni
Prohemistomum vivax
Prosthodendrium molenkampi
Pseudamphistomum aethiopicum
Pseudamphistomum truncatum
Psilorchis hominis
Pygidiopsis summa
Pyramicocephalus anthrocephalus
Raillietina celebensis
Raillietina demerariensis
Rhabditis elongata
Rhabditis inermis
Rhabditis niellyi
Rhabditis pellio
Rictularia sp.
Schistocephalus solidus
Schistosoma bovis
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma intercalatum
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma malayensis
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mattheei
Schistosoma mekongi
Schistosoma rodhaini
Schistosoma spindale
Schistosomatium douthitti
Setaria equina
Spirocerca lupi
Stellantchasmus falcatus
Stictodora fuscata
Strongyloides fuelleborni
Strongyloides papillosus
Strongyloides ransomi
A26
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides westeri
Syphacea obvelata
Taenia crassiceps
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Taenia taeniaeformis
Teladorsagia circumcincta
Ternidens deminutus
Thelazia californiensis
Thelazia callipaeda
Thelazia rhodesii
Toxascaris leonina
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Trichinella britovi
Trichinella nativa
Trichinella nelsoni
Trichinella pseudospiralis
Trichinella spiralis
Trichinella T5
Trichobilharzia brevis
Trichobilharzia ocellata
Trichobilharzia stagnicolae
Trichostrongylus affinis
Trichostrongylus axe;
Trichostrongylus brevis
Trichostrongylus calcaratus
Trichostrongylus capricola
Trichostrongylus colubriformis
Trichostrongylus instabilis
Trichostrongylus lerouxi
Trichostrongylus orientalis
Trichostrongylus probolurus
Trichostrongylus skrjabini
Trichostrongylus vitrinus
Trichuris suis
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris vulpis
Uncinaria stenocephala
Watsonius watsoni
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria lewisi
A27
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Fungi
Absidia corymbifera
Acremonium alabamense
Acremonium curvulum
Acremonium falciforme
Acremonium kiliense
Acremonium potronii
Acremonium recifei
Acremonium roseogriseum
Acremonium strictum
Acrophialophora fusispora
Actinomadura madurae
Actinomadura pelletieri
Alternaria alternata
Alternaria chlamydospora
Alternaria dianthicola
Alternaria infectoria
Alternaria longipes
Alternaria stemphyloides
Alternaria tenuissima
Aphanoascus fulvescens
Apophysomyces elegans
Arthrinium phaeospermum
Arthrographis kelrae*
Aspergillus candidus
Aspergillus clavatus
Aspergillus fisherianus
Aspergillus flavipes
Aspergillus flavus group
Aspergillus fumigatus group
Aspergillus glaucus
Aspergillus nidulans group
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus terreus group
Aspergillus versicolor
Aspergillus wentii
Aureobasidium pullulans
Basidiobolus ranarum
Beauveria bassiana
Bipolaris australiensis
Bipolaris hawaiiensis
Bipolaris spicifera
A28
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastoschizomyces capitatus
Botryomyces caespitosus
Botryosphaeria subglobosa
Candida albicans
Candida catenulata
Candida famata
Candida glabrata
Candida guilliermondii
Candida haemulonis
Candida intermedia
Candida kefyr
Candida krusei
Candida lambica
Candida lipolytica
Candida lusitaniae
Candida norvegensis
Candida parapsilosis
Candida rugosa
Candida tropicalis
Candida viswanathii
Candida zeylanoides
Cephaliophora irregularis
Cerinosterus cyanescens
Chaetomium atrobtunneum
Chaetomium funicola
Chaetomium globosum
Chaetomium perpulchrum
Chaetomium strumarium
Chaetophoma dermo-unguis
Chlamydoabsidia padenii
Chlorella protothecoides
Chryosporium zonatum*
Chrysonilia sitophila
Cladophialophora arxii
Cladophialophora bantiana
Cladophialophora boppii
Cladophialophora carrionii
Cladophialophora devriesii
Cladorrhinum bulbillosum
Cladosporium cladosporioides
Cladosporium elatum
Cladosporium oxysporum
Cladosporium sphaerosphermum
A29
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Coccidioides immitis
Cokeromyces recurvartus
Colletotrichum coccodes
Colletotrichum dematium
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Conidiobolus coronatus
Conidiobolus incongruus
Conidiobolus lamprauges
Coniothyrium fuckelii
Coprinus cinereus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cunninghamella bertholletiae
Curvularia brachyspora
Curvularia clavata
Curvularia geniculata
Curvularia lunata
Curvularia pallescens
Curvularia senegalensis
Curvularia verucculosa
Cylindrocarpon cyanescens
Cylindrocarpon lichenicola
Cylindrocarpon vaginae
Dichotomophthora portulacae
Dichotomophthoropsis nymphaerum
Dissitimurus exedrus
Doratomyces stemonitis
Drechslera biseptata
Emmonsia crescens
Emmonsia pan/a
Engyodontium album
Epidermophyton floccosum
Exophiala dermatitidis
Exophiala jeanselmei
Exophiala moniliae
Exophiala pisciphila
Exophiala psychrophila
Exophiala salmonis
Exophiala spinifera
Exserohilum longirostratum
Exserohilum macginnisii
Fusarium aquaeductuum
Fusarium chlamydosporum
Fusarium dimerum
Fusarium incarnatum
A30
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium napiforme
Fusarium nivale
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium pallidoroseum
Fusarium proliferatum
Fusarium sacchari
Fusarium solani
Fusarium subglutinans
Fusarium ventricosum
Fusarium verticillioides
Geotrichum candidum*
Hansenula anomala
Histoplasma capsulatum
Hortaea werneckii
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Lecythophora hoffmannii
Lecythophora mutabilis
Leptosphaeria senegalensis
Leptosphaeria tompkinsii
Loboa loboi
Madurella grisea
Madurella mycetomatis
Malassezia furfur
Malassezia globosa
Malassezia obtusa
Malassezia pachydermatis
Malassezia restricta
Malassezia sloofiae
Malassezia sympodialis
Microascus cinereus
Microascus cirrosus
Microsporum audouinii
Microsporum canis
Microsporum equinum
Microsporum ferrugineum
Microsporum fulvum
Microsporum gallinae
Microsporum gypseum
Microsporum nanum
Microsporum persicolor
Microsporum praecox
Microsporum racemosum
Microsporum vanbreuseghemii
A31
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Moniliella suavelolens
Mucor circinelloides
Mucor hiemalis
Mucor indicus
Mucor racemosus
Mucor ramosissimus
Myceliophthora thermophila
Mycocentrospora acerina
Mycoleptodiscus indicus
Myriodontium keratinophilum
Nannizzia cajetani
Nattrassia mangiferae
Neocosmospora vasinfecta
Neotestudina rosatii
Nigrospora sphaerica
Ochroconis gallopava
Oidiodendron cerealis
Onychocola canadensis
Ovadendron ochraceum
Ovadendron sulphureo-ochraceum
Paecilomyces farinosus
Paecilomyces fumerosoreus
Paecilomyces javanicus
Paecilomyces lilacinus
Paecilomyces marquandii
Paecilomyces variotii
Paecilomyces viridis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Penicillium chrysogenum
Penicillium citrinum
Penicillium commune
Penicillium decumbens
Penicillium dupontii
Penicillium expansum
Penicillium marneffei
Penicillium purpurogenum
Phaeoanellomyces elegans
Phaeoanellomyces werneckii
Phaeosclera dematioides
Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae
Phialemonium curvatum
Phialemonium obovatum
Phialophora bubakii
Phialophora pedrosoi
A32
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Phialophora repens
Phialophora richardsiae
Phialophora verrucosa
Phoma cava
Phoma cruris-hominis
Phoma eupyrena
Phoma glomerata
Phoma herbarum
Phoma hibernica
Phoma minutella
Phoma oculo-hominis
Phyllosticta citricarpa
Piedraia hortae
Pleurophoma pleurospora
Pneumocystis carinii
Prototheca wickerhamii
Prototheca zopfii
Pseudoallescheria boydii
Pseudomicrodochium suttonii
Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii
Pyrenochaeta romeroi
Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis
Pythium insidiosum
Rhinocladiella aquaspersa
Rhinocladiella compacta
Rhinocladiella obovoidea
Rhinocladiella schulzeri
Rhinosporidium seeberi
Rhizomucor miehei
Rhizomucor pusillus
Rhizopus azygosporus
Rhizopus microsporus
Rhizopus oryzae
Rhizopus stolonifer
Rhodotorula glutinis
Rhodotorula minuta
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Rhodotorula rubra
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saksenaea vasiformis
Sarcinomyces phaeomuriformis
Scedosporium prolificans
Schizophyllum commune
Scolecobasidium humicola
A33
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Scolecobasidium tshawytschae
Scopulariopsis acremonium
Scopulariopsis asperula
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis
Scopulariopsis brumptii
Scopulariopsis Candida
Scopulariopsis flava
Scopulariopsis fusca
Scytalidium hyalinum
Scytalidium infestans
Setosphaeria rostrata
Sporotrichum pruinosum*
Sporothrix schenckii
Stachybotrys chartarum*
Stemphylium macrosporoideum*
Stenella araguata
Streptomyces somaliensis
Taeniolella exilis
Taeniolella stilbaspora
Tetraploa aristata
Thermomyces lanuginosus
Torulopsis magnoliae
Trichoderma pseudokoningii
Trichoderma viride
Trichomaris invadens
Trichophyton ajelloi
Trichophyton concentricum
Trichophyton equinum
Trichophyton gallinae
Trichophyton gourvilii
Trichophyton megninii
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Trichophyton simii
Trichophyton soudanense
Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton verrucosum
Trichophyton violaceum
Trichosporon asahii
Trichosporon beigelii
Trichosporon cutaneum
Trichosporon inkin
Trichosporon mucoides
A34
-------
OW-OGWDW
Final CCL 3 Microbes:
Identifying the Universe
EPA815-R-09-004
August 2009
Trichosporon ovoides
Tritirachium oryzae
Tubercularia vulgaris
Ulocladium chartarum
Veronaea botryosa
Verticillium nigrescens
Volutella cinerescens
*Added by EPA
A35
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