Cement Production
- United States
Final Rule: Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Environmental protection
Under the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) rule, owners or operators of facilities that contain
cement production processes (as defined below) must report emissions from cement production processes and all other
source categories located at the facility for which methods are defined in the rule. Owners or operators are required to
collect emission data; calculate GHG emissions; and follow the specified procedures for quality assurance, missing
data, recordkeeping, and reporting.
How Is This Source Category Defined?
The cement production source category consists of each kiln and each inline kiln/raw mill at any Portland cement
manufacturing facility, including alkali bypasses and kilns and inline kilns/raw mills that burn hazardous waste.
What GHGs Must Be Reported?
Cement production facilities must report the following emissions:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) process emissions from calcination for each kiln.
• CO2 combustion emissions from each kiln.
• Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CFL^ combustion emissions from each kiln. Report these emissions under
40 CFRpart 98, subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources). The information sheet on General
Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources summarizes the rule requirements for calculating and reporting emissions
from these units.
• CO2, N2O, and CFi4 emissions from fuel combustion at each stationary combustion unit other than kilns.
Report these emissions under 40 CFRpart 98, subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).
How Must GHG Emissions Be Calculated?
For CO2 emissions from kilns, the rule requires facilities to select one of two methods, as appropriate:
• Kilns with certain types of continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) in place must report combined
CO2 emissions from calcination and fuel combustion. Report under this subpart using the CEMS in accordance
with the Tier 4 calculation methodology of 40 CFR part 98, subpart C.
• For other kilns, owners or operators can elect to either:
o Install and operate a CEMS to measure combined calcination and fuel combustion CO2 emissions
according to the Tier 4 methodology specified in subpart C.
o Calculate process CO2 emissions as the sum of clinker emissions and raw material emissions:
• Clinker emissions are calculated monthly from each kiln using:
• Monthly clinker production (measurement required).
• A monthly kiln-specific clinker emission factor calculated from the monthly carbonate
and noncarbonate content of the clinker (measurement required).
• Quarterly cement kiln dust (CKD) discarded (measurement required).
• A quarterly kiln-specific CKD emission factor for CKD not recycled to the kiln
(measurement or default values).
• Raw material emissions are calculated annually from:
• The annual consumption of raw materials.
• The organic carbon content in the raw material (measured annually for each type of
raw material, or a default value of 0.2 percent may be used).
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• Number of raw materials.
• Conversion factors for CO2 and metric tons.
A checklist for data that must be monitored is available at:
www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads/checklists/cementproduction.pdf
What Information Must Be Reported?
In addition to the information required by the General Provisions at 40 CFR 98.3(c), the following information must be
reported:
If a CEMS is used to measure CO2 emissions, report under this subpart the relevant information required for CEMS by
subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) and the information listed below:
• Monthly clinker production from each kiln.
• Monthly cement production from each kiln.
• Number of kilns and number of operating kilns.
If a CEMS is not used to measure CO2 emissions, report the following information for each kiln:
• Monthly clinker production.
• Monthly cement production.
• Number of kilns and number of operating kilns.
• Quarterly quantity of CKD not recycled to the kiln.
• Monthly fraction of total calcium oxide(CaO), total magnesium oxide (MgO), non-calcined CaO, and non-
calcined MgO in clinker (as wt-fractions).
• Method used to determine non-calcined CaO and non-calcined MgO in clinker.
• Quarterly fraction of total CaO, total MgO, non-calcined CaO, and non-calcined MgO in CKD not recycled to
the kiln for each kiln (as wt-fractions).
• Method used to determine non-calcined CaO and non-calcined MgO in CKD.
• Monthly kiln-specific clinker CO2 emission factors (metric tons CO2/metric ton clinker produced).
• Quarterly kiln-specific CKD CO2 emission factors (metric tons CO2/metric ton CKD produced).
• Annual organic carbon content of each raw material (wt-fraction, dry basis).
• Annual consumption of each raw material (dry basis).
• Number of times missing data procedures were used to determine the information below:
o Clinker production (number of months).
o Carbonate contents of clinker (number of months).
o Non-calcined content of clinker (number of months).
o CKD not recycled to kiln (number of quarters).
o Non-calcined content of CKD (number of quarters).
o Organic carbon contents of raw materials (number of times).
o Raw material consumption (number of months).
For More Information
This document is provided solely for informational purposes. It does not provide legal advice, have legally binding
effect, or expressly or implicitly create, expand, or limit any legal rights, obligations, responsibilities, expectations, or
benefits in regard to any person. The series of information sheets is intended to assist reporting facilities/owners in
understanding key provisions of the final rule.
Visit EPA's Web site (www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html) for more information, including
the final preamble and rule, additional information sheets on specific industries, the schedule for training sessions, and
other documents and tools. For questions that cannot be answered through the Web site, please contact us at:
ghgmrr@epa.gov.
40 CFR 98, subpart H 2 EPA-430-F-09-017R
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