&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
BROWNFIELDS
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
GUIDE
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Prepared by:
SRA International, Inc.
Northeast Midwest Institute
(Contract No. 68-W-01-048)
2801 Clarendon Blvd., Suite 100
Arlington, VA 22201
Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Office of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment
Washington, D.C. 20460
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Brownfields Federal Programs Guide ii September 2004
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment.
Assessment Grants
Cleanup Grants
Revolving Loan Fund Grants
Clean Water State Revolving Loan Funds
Job Training Grants
Targeted Site Assessments
Environmental Enforcement Education Grant Program
Environmental Justice Small Grants Program
Appalachian Regional Commission 9
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service 11
State Urban Forestry Coordinators
Open Space Development and Tree Planting
USDA Urban Resources Partnership
Department of Agriculture, Rural Development Administration 13
Business and Industry Program
Intermediary Re-lending Program
Community Facilities Program
Water and Waste Disposal Program
Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration 15
Public Works and Development Facilities Program
Economic Adjustment Program
Planning Program for Economic Development Districts, Indian Tribes, and Redevelopment
Areas; and Planning Program for States and Urban Areas
Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 18
Office of Response and Restoration
Coastal Zone Management Program
Office of Education and Sustainable Development
Coastal Services Center
Portfields
Department of Defense, Army Corps of Engineers 21
Technical Assistance
Reimbursable Support
Civil Works Funding
Centers of Corps Expertise
Department of Defense, Office of Economic Adjustment 23
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Table of Contents - continued
Department of Energy 25
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy/ Center of Excellence for Sustainable
Development
Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs (BTS)
Office of Environmental Management
Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 27
Minority Health Initiative
Review and Assess Environmental Sampling Data
Health-Related Information Sharing
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Services 29
Basic Research
Hazardous Waste Worker Training
Minority Worker Training Program
Brownfields Minority Worker Training Program
Superfund Worker Training Grants Program
Advanced Technology Training Program
Department of Housing and Urban Development 32
Community Development Block Grant Program
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program
Economic Development Initiative (EDI)/ Brownfields EDI (BEDI)
HOME Program
Empowerment Zones (EZ) and Enterprise Communities (EC) Initiative
Lead-based Paint Program
Department of Interior, National Park Service 38
Technical Assistance Through the RTCA Program
Technical Assistance Through the Federal Lands-to-Parks Program
Department of Interior, Office of Surface Mining 40
Department of Justice 41
Weed and Seed Program
Department of Labor 43
Job Training and Technical Assistance
Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration 44
Urbanized Area Formula Grants
Non-Urbanized Area Formula Grants
Discretionary Capital Program
Metropolitan Planning Funds (Section 5303)
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Table of Contents - continued
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration 47
Transportation and Community and System preservation Pilot Program (TCSP)
Surface Transportation Program
Transportation Planning
Transportation Enhancement
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ)
Department of Treasury Tax Incentives 50
Brownfields Expensing Tax Incentive
Rehabilitation Tax Credits
Industrial Development Bonds
Low Income Housing Tax Credits
Community Development Financial Institution Fund (CDFI)
New Markets Tax Credits
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency- Community Development Division
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 55
Community Affairs Program
Partnership Promotion and Support Services
Federal Housing Finance Board 57
Community Investment Program
Housing Credit and Economic Development Regulations
Cash Investment Advance Programs (CICA)
Federal Home Loan Bank Standby Letters of Credit (LOG)
Affordable Housing Program (AHP)
Support for Local Financing
General Services Administration 59
Community Involvement
Partnering
Small Business Administration 61
Loan Guarantee Program
Section 504 Certified Development Company (CDC) Program
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Introduction
Brownfield sites are everywhere. The legacy of the nation's industrial past is evident in
communities all across the country. Often abandoned, typically contaminated manufacturing sites dot the
landscape of cities and towns of all size, tucked in odd corners of communities as well as dominating
waterfronts and urban centers. And changing economic fortunes also influences the fabric of many
communities, symbolized by shuttered commercial facilities, dying malls, and abandoned gas stations.
All of these sites pose significant challenges for local officials, economic development agencies, and
community residents.
Bringing new activity to these "brownfield" sites can be a costly proposition. What we've seen,
after 15 years of experience with brownfields, is that the legal and procedural hurdles of acquiring,
cleaning, and reusing these sites can still be expensive in terms of site preparation expenses and fees, and
costly in terms of time delays. Site evaluation processes, testing, legal issues to resolve, and other factors
can discourage private participation in activities to bring previously used properties back to productive
use.
Today, critical funding gaps are, in fact, the primary deterrent to site and facility reuse. The
financing situation is especially gloomy for start-up firms or small companies with little collateral outside
the business. But what we are also seeing after 15 years experience in financing brownfield reuse is that
small amounts of public funds can lead to big private investment with small infusions of the critical
first dollars for site assessment and cleanup leading to big follow-on private investments. Clearly, the
public sector and especially the federal government can help provide the key investments that can do
much to help level the economic playing field between greenfield and brownfield sites. A key lesson
from the success stories in place is that public-sector financial assistance is often needed to make
brownfield projects work. Many cannot go forward without some kind of involvement by the public
sector. To this end, a number of federal programs - while not specifically targeted to brownfield needs -
- are, in fact, well-suited to support site characterization and reuse activities.
For decades, federal development and finance mechanisms have been used to stimulate economic
activity in certain geographic areas or industries, or under certain types of situations, when private capital
markets chose not to participate. Now, publicly-driven economic development initiatives are reaching
into new sectors and incorporating new concerns, such as environmental improvement. Brownfield
projects at contaminated sites represent a logical extension of the mission of many of the programs that
federal agencies currently operate.
Special Costs Facing Brownfields
Brownfield projects face financing challenges that can foil efforts to assemble a complete
funding package. These gaps typically involve capital shortages for three activities specific to
brownfields:
conducting early-stage site assessments, to determine exactly what contamination needs
to be addressed;
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defining a site remediation plan, which owners or developers need to take the site
through a state voluntary response program that allows the use of institutional controls or
provides some finality on liability; and
carrying out the cleanup itself.
In addition to these special costs, typical financing costs for conventional sites may be higher for
brownfield sites. Brownfield developers almost invariably have to pledge a higher rate of return to their
investors or lenders to persuade them to assume the higher perceived risk associated with the project.
Extra underwriting costs can add significantly to the costs of loan processing and review procedures
and be harder for the project to absorb in the long run. And lenders usually require developers to have at
least 25 percent equity in the project to make sure that the borrower has sufficient capital at risk.
How Can Public Programs Help?
The most successful brownfield redevelopment efforts recognize private lender and developer
concerns and perceived risks. They aim to help private parties address financing concerns and better
manage brownfield risks by meeting at least one of the following objectives:
Ensuring a minimum return: Incentives such as loan guarantees or companion loans
can ensure a minimum return or quantify any potential loss. Public programs can also
can offer support, such as environmental insurance, that limits the borrower's exposure
to unforseen problems that affect the value of collateral or the borrower's ability to pay.
Reducing the borrower's cost of financing: Financial tools such as loan subsidies can
reduce interest costs on project loans (for example, with tax-exempt financing or
low-interest loans). Program staff also can reduce loan underwriting and documentation
costs by offering loan packaging assistance or technical support, such as the type that
might be available through Community Development Corporations (CDCs). In some
cases, public entities can help cut borrowing costs by partnering with site users to
prepare records and help maintain institutional controls.
Offering terms or incentives to ease the borrower's financial situation. Tools like tax
abatements, tax credits, or grace periods can improve the project's cash flow and make
the project numbers work. These tools can be helpful in mixed-use project scenarios that
include open space. Similarly, training and technical assistance services can offset
project costs and reduce a site reuser's need for cash.
Offering assistance or information that provides investor and lender comfort: Links to
information about new remedial technologies, along with performance data for new
technologies and institutional controls, or insurance that can help transfer risk, can
increase the investor's and lender's comfort level with a brownfield project.
Providing direct financing help. When contamination is suspected, money for site
assessment and cleanup is the hardest piece of the financing puzzle to solve. Therefore,
providing grants or forgivable loans for these purposes may be critical.
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How Did We Get Here? Evolution of the Federal Role Since "Brownfields" Emerged
In the early 1990s, court interpretations of the Superfund law brought lightly contaminated sites
under the CERCLA regulatory umbrella and also brought lenders into the chain of control and liability.
This led to numerous projects going belly up, as capital fled from developed cities and sites in the face of
mostly perceived fears. This was really the birth of the brownfield issue as we know it.
Congress tried early on, but was not able to pass any clarifying legislation as the issue continued
to haunt local officials trying to revitalize their distressed areas. Obviously something needed to be done,
and in the absence of federal legislative activity the states with federal EPA's administrative
concurrence developed what came to be known as "voluntary cleanup programs," based on a response
process allowed that brownfield cleanup and reuse to go forward. Gradually, both local governments and
the private market saw this as a process that encouraged collaboration instead of confrontation. Today,
49 states have these VCPs in place; a decade ago, only a handful did.
EPA encouraged this shift in practical responsibility to the states through policy guidance and
funding for state and local brownfield efforts. Along the way, in response to both pressure and support
from many mayors, EPA created the first brownfield pilots in 1993 in Cuyahoga County/Cleveland,
Ohio; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Richmond, Virginia. These communities tested out some of the
emerging cleanup and reuse approaches, and formed some of the first brownfield revitalization
partnerships, to address financial and technical brownfield barriers approaches that are now
commonplace.
The first federal brownfield bill was introduced in 1993, to bring funding to bear and formalize a
process that would allow the states and their VCPs to work with communities and private interests to
move forward with certainty on lesser contaminated sites. It was introduced to deal with lender liability,
prospective purchaser, and other issues that brought the urban revitalization process to a standstill in
many cities. This simple bill had to take a complex path to enactment, taking more than eight years of
legislative fine-tuning and wrangling. But on January 11, 2002, President Bush signed the Brownfields
Revitalization Act signed into law. The Act does three important things:
authorizes program funding;
clarifies liability for innocent landowners, contiguous property owners, and prospective
purchasers; and
establishes finality by establishing a Superfund enforcement bar, in essence, delegating
authority for brownfields sign-off to states.
Leveraging Federal Programs
Cities and towns, and private site owners, have used nearly two dozen federal programs to help
finance some aspect of brownfield reuse basic site preparation, planning, site assessment, cleanup, and
construction. Only three of these programs explicitly focus on brownfields: the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) assessment and cleanup programs, and the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD) brownfield economic development initiative (known as BEDI), which is
generally available only to block-grant entitlement cities. In terms of other federal programs, potential
users need to apply some creativity to make the brownfields connection to make their needs for site
assessment and cleanup funding conform to the eligibility criteria and priorities of other programs, which
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may target issues such as slums or blight, support infrastructure renewal, or promote job creation and
retention.
This guide reviews the extensive initiatives at the Environmental Protection Agency, and then
examines in alphabetical order the resources available in other departments and agencies which could be
applied in brownfield situations. The Institute collected the information by analyzing program
requirements and talking with spokespersons from each of the agencies, to identify those program
components best suited to meet brownfield redevelopment, financial, and technical assistance needs.
This 2004 version provides current program contact names, identifies program changes, and provides
(when available), the most recent appropriations figures. This updated edition also features
"BROWNFIELDS LINKS," short descriptions of each agency's offerings and the entities that can use them,
and suggestions to "THINK ABOUT" for making long-time programs fit emerging brownfield needs. It
also recaps the "BROWNFIELDS ROLE" that each agency is pursuing.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
http ://www. ep a. gov/b ro wnfields/
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides grants to assess site contamination - targeted to local and tribal governments (and states
in some cases)
Q Provides grants to carry out site cleanup - targeted to local and tribal governments (and states
and non-profit development organizations in some cases)
Q Offers grants to projects and community organizations to address environmental problems
affecting low-income and predominantly minority populations - targeted to state, county, and
local governments; and federally recognized tribal governments; and nonprofit community
organizations
Q Provides training opportunities in the environmental field for residents of communities affected
by brownfields - targeted to local governments for use by a variety of stakeholders
Q Provides capital to establish revolving loan funds, which state and local governments can use to
lend (or make sub-grants) for brownfield cleanup - targeted to private sector entities through
state and local government
Q Provides grants for cooperative sustainable development efforts - targeted to local and tribal
governments, educational institutions, and nonprofit organizations
Q Funds environmental education programs - targeted to state environment agencies; state, local,
and tribal education agencies; academic institutions; nonprofit organizations; and educational
broadcasting agencies
Q Provides grants to capitalize revolving loan funds (SRFs) for clean water projects - targeted to
private sector entities through states
THINK ABOUT... using EPA resources to assess sites, for marketing purposes...conducting cleanup to
bring them to a "shovel ready" situation...offsetting info and training costs of brownfield
redevelopment...linking water quality improvement efforts to brownfield activities
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been the most active federal agency in
promoting the cleanup and redevelopment of brownfields and other underused contaminated properties.
The EPA began its brownfield effort in 1993 guided by the belief that "environmental cleanup is a
building block to economic development, not a stumbling block, [and] that revitalizing contaminated
property must go hand-in-hand with bringing life and economic vitality back to communities."
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS DIRECT FINANCING
Three EPA financing programs - EPA's flagship effort - have been used extensively to spur
brownfield redevelopment. The Brownfield Revitalization Act authorizes up to $200 million annually
for EPA's site assessment, cleanup, and revolving loan fund capitalization programs (although Congress
to date has not provided more than $123 million for these programs and related operations and support).
New statutory authority allows EPA to extend eligibility to sites with petroleum contamination, and in
fact requires that 25 percent of all brownfield funding go to petroleum-impacted Congress also
broadened the program's usefulness to community revitalization efforts by allowing grant and loan funds
to be used to purchase environmental insurance - which will help attract and leverage more private
funding into these projects as well as to monitor institutional controls - which can help reduce site
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cleanup costs. Grant funds cannot be used for administrative costs (as opposed to eligible programmatic
costs).
In addition, a fourth financing program is mentioned below. The state clean water revolving loan
fund shows promise to help address brownfield situations; it has been used this way in several states.
Assessment Grants. Site assessment grants have been used to fund a variety of pre-cleanup
environmental activities such as site assessment, inventory, characterization, prioritization, community
outreach, and cleanup planning and design. Local governments - as well as Indian tribes, states, and
entities such as redevelopment agencies, regional councils, and land clearance agencies - are eligible to
apply for site assessment grants. EPA awards up to $200,000 per jurisdiction or site for these purposes,
although in the case of large sites or those with significant contamination, an applicant may ask to waive
the limit and seek up to $350,000.
Cleanup Grants. First available in fiscal 2003 as a result of the new law, site cleanup grants
provide up to $200,000 per site to fund cleanup conducted by cities, development agencies, non-profit
groups, and similar entities at sites that they own. A 20 percent match (of funds or in-kind services) is
required, although this can be waived in the case of hardship.
Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) Grants. RLF grants provide up to $1 million per recipient,
available for five years, to establish state or locally administered loan funds. Like assessment grants,
these capitalization grants can go to local governments, states, Indian tribes, states, and entities such as
redevelopment agencies, regional councils, and land clearance agencies. These RLFs can make low- or
no-interest loans for cleanup. Beginning in fiscal 2003, recipients may use up to 40 percent of a
capitalization award for to make cleanup sub-grants at sites owned by sub-grantees. Repayment of sub-
grants is not required. A 20 percent non-federal cost share in the form of money, labor, services, or
materials is required.
In 1999, one of the first loans made from an RLF was extended to Blues Brothers Harley
Davidson in Stamford, Connecticut. The $160,000 loan allowed the company to defray the total cost of
abatement and removal of contaminated material at a brownfield site in a mixed-use area of commercial,
industrial, and residential development. By December 2000, the $1.5-million redevelopment project had
led to the renovation of two turn-of-the-century buildings, which were combined and used for the Harley-
Davidson/Buell Dealership, with a showroom, offices, and maintenance facility.
Clean Water State Revolving Loan Funds. Clean water state revolving loan funds (CWSRFs)
have barely made it to the radar screen as a brownfields financing tool, but they have considerable
potential for use at sites where water quality is an issue. Capitalized by EPA, these funds can be used by
states for loans of up to 20 years to finance activities that include brownfield mitigation to correct or
prevent water quality problems, and which have a revenue stream to provide for loan repayment. There
is no limit on the amount of funding that a project can access. Only a few states - notably New Mexico,
New York, and Ohio - have started using this approach, but EPA allows all states to do it. Last year,
CWSRFs financed nearly $3 billion in water quality projects.
Ohio, for example, issues loans for brownfield assessment and cleanup through its state Water
Pollution Control Fund. Help is available to both municipalities and private entities participating in the
state's voluntary cleanup program. One of the first projects taking advantage of the Ohio CWSRF
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for brownfield purposes was carried out by the Grant Realty Company. It used a CWSRF loan to
clean contaminated groundwater and soils at the 20-acre, former Sunar Hauserman industrial site in
Cleveland, preparing it for commercial use. The company used the site to build a centrally located
corporate headquarters for its subsidiary. Grant Realty purchased the property, despite its contamination,
and obtained a $1.6-million CWSRF loan at an interest rate of approximately 4 percent to cover the cost
of treating contaminated subsurface soil and groundwater. The repayment source came from a
tank-cleaning operation, with a personal loan guarantee and a second position mortgage as additional
collateral.
States set CWSRF project priorities within broad EPA guidelines. Eligible activities may
include brownfield cleanup to correct or prevent water quality problems such as groundwater
contamination. State revolving funds can cover the costs of a variety of activities, including the
excavation and disposal of underground storage tanks; capping wells; excavation, removal, and disposal
of contaminated soil or sediments; well abandonment; and Phase I, n, or in assessments. Each state
determines who may use its revolving funds; EPA allows communities, municipalities, individuals,
citizen groups, and nonprofit organizations to be loan recipients. Usually, loans are repaid through fees
paid by developers; recreational fees; dedicated portions of state, county, or local government taxes;
storm water management fees; or wastewater user charges.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS -- TRAINING, OUTREACH, AND OTHER SUPPORT
EPA also operates several other programs which can be useful to communities as they pursue
brownfield revitalization strategies.
Job Training Grants. The job training program helps to integrate training activities with
brownfield redevelopment projects. This effort links the goal of encouraging site cleanup with that of
training for jobs in the environmental field, including innovative treatment technologies - so people
affected by brownfields can be trained to help address them. Colleges, universities, community job
training organizations, states and local governments, and Indian tribes are eligible to apply. Recipients
can get up to $200,000 to provide training for residents in communities impacted by brownfields.
Targeted Site Assessments (TBAs). Under the TEA program, EPA provides either funding or
technical assistance for environmental assessments at brownfield sites. States, municipalities, and tribes
are eligible to seek TEA funding for sites which they recommend to EPA for assessment. Sites are
prioritized and selected on a case-by-case basis. In some instances, EPA may choose to give TEA grants
directly to states, for site assessments at properties which they identify. TEA assistance may be used for
Phase I and Phase n environmental assessments, as well as determining cleanup alternatives and their
costs.
Environmental Enforcement Education Grant Program. This grant program sponsored by
EPA's Office of Environmental Education supports projects that enhance the public's awareness,
knowledge, and skills to make informed decisions that affect environmental quality. Any local
educational agency, state educational or environmental agency, college or university, not-for-profit, or
non-commercial broadcasting agency is eligible for funding. A 25 percent non-federal match is required.
For more information, visit http://www.epa.gov/enviroed/grants.html.
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Environmental Justice Small Grants Program. Non-profit community based, grass roots
organizations, churches, and other groups with a focus on community-based issues are eligible to apply
for grants. Applicants can seek up to $20,000 for projects that improve communication among
stakeholders and build community capacity to identify and resolve environmental justice problems that
can affect brownfield revitalization efforts.
Contact
Anthony P. Raia
US EPA Office of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment
Mail Code 5105 T
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 566-2758
raia. anthony@epa.gov
For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/.
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Appalachian Regional Commission
http://www.arc.gov/
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides grants for roads and highways - targeted to state and local governments
Q Offers planning and technical assistance to attract private investment to distressed areas -
targeted to local governments (and development districts/non-profit entities in some cases) to
support new uses
THINK ABOUT,,,,,tapping ARC funding to meet site access road and similar infrastructure support
needs of brownfieldprojects, including mine scarred lands...or helping cover planning costs at sites
being reused
The mission of the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) is to be an advocate and partner
with the people of Appalachian to create opportunities for self-sustaining economic development and
improved quality of life. ARC was established by Congress in 1965 to support economic and social
development in the Appalachian Region. The Commission is a unique government partnership composed
of the governors of the 13 Appalachian states and a presidential appointee representing the federal
government. Grassroots participation is provided through local officials and a network of local
development districts.
The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) administers several small economic development
and infrastructure grant programs in the region. They include programs for development planning and
technical assistance, highway development, local access roads, vocational educational facilities, and
water and sewer system construction. ARC can also support small business start-ups and expansions.
These programs are organized in several divisions, including the Appalachian Development Highway
System; Economic and Human Development Activities; an Entrepreneurship Initiative; and a Business
Development Revolving Loan Fund program. They all are designed to improve the economic climate in
distressed areas to make them better able to attract private investment - important brownfield
considerations.
ARC invests in projects that address the Commission's strategic goals. ARC grants typically
finance projects in the following areas: education and workforce training programs, water and sewer
system construction, leadership development programs, small business creation and support, and
development of health care resources. Projects with the potential to generate new jobs are usually given
top priority during the review process. Grant applications must be submitted by the state office
designated by the governor, and they often are submitted on behalf of local governments, multi-county
organizations, educational institutions, and non-profit organizations.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
A large portion of ARC's Area Development funds is used for infrastructure development in
support of local efforts to create jobs and improve the quality oflife in rural Appalachia. Occasionally
these projects include the adaptive redevelopment of industrial buildings or mining facilities, or water
and sewer service for brownfield sites. Because all ARC grants originate at the state level, applicants
considering brownfield redevelopment projects should contact their state ARC program manager to
request pre-application information. The Local Development District serving the county in which the
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project is located may offer guidance on a project's eligibility for funding and assistance in preparing a
grant application.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
A large portion of ARC's Area Development funds are used for water and sewer system
extensions of service to industrial parks for the purpose of creating and retaining jobs in rural
Appalachia. In the past, several of these funded projects have involved brownfield sites. ARC has
partnered with the National Association of Local Government Environmental Professionals (NALGEP)
since 2001 to conduct regional workshops in Appalachia that encourage brownfields redevelopment. In
addition, ARC entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with EPA in FY 2000 that calls for
the two agencies to coordinate their policies and activities in support of brownfields assessments,
cleanup, and redevelopment. The agency also participates in federal agency working groups for
brownfields and mine-scarred lands.
In addition, ARC has committed to providing technical assistance to ARC's Local Development
Districts in a variety of ways that empowers greater awareness of the potential brownfields resources
available to rural areas, and continuing to encourage ARC's state partners to use their Area Development
funds for projects that create and retain jobs in brownfields redevelopment areas. ARC is also working
to increase the awareness of brownfields cleanup and redevelopment programs and benefits, through:
Financial and technical assistance for Appalachian communities, local development districts, and
grassroots organizations to develop proposals for integrating brownfields assessments and
cleanup with economic development planning;
Coordination of joint activities between Appalachian states, local development districts, and
EPA field staff in order to help implement brownfields redevelopment projects at the state level;
Financial and technical assistance to Appalachian communities to help leverage funds for
assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment of brownfields; and
Collaboration in j oint projects or proposal reviews for competitions sponsored by either agency.
Contact
Eric Stockton
Appalachian Regional Commission
1666 Connecticut Avenue
Washington, DC 20009-1068
(202) 884-7752
estockton@arc.gov
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U.S. Department of Agriculture
Forest Service
http ://www.f s.fed.us
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides technical assistance for brownfield projects in selected areas - targeted to EPA grantee
local governments, federal Empowerment Communities and Enterprise Zones
Q Offers technical and financial assistance for sustainable redevelopment and reuse projects -
targeted to state and local governments and community-based groups in Atlanta, Seattle, New
York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Denver, Las Vegas, East St. Louis, South Florida
(four county area), Philadelphia, Boston, and Buffalo
THINK AsouT,,,brownfield project landscaping needs,,,addressing forestry opportunities of mine
scarred lands
The Forest Service's mission is to achieve quality land management under the sustainable
multiple-use management concept in order to meet the diverse needs of people. In connection with
brownfield redevelopment, the Forest Service is helping states and communities use the forests wisely in
order to promote rural economic development and a quality rural environment.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
The Forest Service has committed a total of $400,000 to provide technical assistance to the 16
Brownfield Showcase Communities. This assistance will be administered through several different
activities, detailed below.
State Urban Forestry Coordinators. These coordinators help encourage environmentally
responsible redevelopment within the Showcase Communities. In particular, they work closely with
municipal governments to develop strategic plans for brownfield reuse that ensures that infrastructure
development is environmentally sensitive, and to protect urban natural resources.
Open Space Development and Tree Planting. Efforts are being made to link Showcase
Communities with organizations that provide technical assistance and funding for open space
development and tree planting, including the National Tree Trust, American Forests, ReLeaf Fund, and
National Arbor Day Foundation. Research also is being conducted on the effects of using trees during
the brownfield remediation process.
USDA Urban Resources Partnership. The Urban Resources Partnership (URP) is a
multi-agency initiative that provides funding and technical assistance to community-led environmental
projects. The Forest Service has selected 13 areas (noted above) in which the URP has been established.
In each of these cities, Forest Service staff collaborate with municipal officials and other state and federal
agency stakeholders in order to provide assistance packages, primarily to nonprofit community based
organizations. The URP works closely with community development corporations as a mechanism for
making its resources available at the neighborhood level. Assistance can include grant funds, technical
assistance, and/or access to existing agency resources. Other communities may be added through a
competitive application process as other cities "graduate" from direct federal support.
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BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
Some USDA field offices are more aggressively working with EPA brownfield program
grantees, and federal Empowerment Zones (EZs) and Enterprise Communities (ECs), to provide
educational programs and training for brownfields landscaping projects. This includes workshops for
"Master Gardeners", pesticide applicators, and youth development. USDA also has contacts in urban
Showcase Communities to monitor the success of USDA projects. USDA provides technical support to
communities to support greenways and other land conservation projects that are more frequently being
included in brownfield revitalization efforts.
The Forest Service has also committed to:
Working with EPA and other federal agencies to assist with the redevelopment of brownfield
sites located in rural communities or near mine-scarred lands;
Establishing a USDA-wide Brownfields Subcommittee to increase the agency's focus on its
potential brownfields role;
Continuing support of communities that want to convert existing brownfields into natural open
space parks, tree-covered linear parks, and other land conservation projects; and
Assisting rural and urban brownfields communities apply for USDA grants and loans.
Contact
Blake Velde
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Hazardous Materials Management Group
1400 Independence Avenue SW
MS 9100
Washington, DC 20250-9100
(202) 205-0906
Fax:(202)401-4770
blake.velde@usda.gov
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U.S. Department of Agriculture
USDA Rural Development
http://www.rurdev.usda.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides grant, loan, and loan guarantee assistance for a variety of business, commercial, and
industrial projects in small towns and rural areas - targeted to banks, non-profit development
organizations, tribes, cities and counties, and other public entities
Q Supports the installation and improvement of critical infrastructure needed to support economic
development targeted to state and local governments, tribes, water districts, banks and other
commercial lenders
Q Helps finance the construction of key public facilities sewer systems, firehouses, etc - that can
support brownfield revitalization efforts
THINK ABOUT...using USDA/RDA resources to meet various brownfield needs within the context of
small town or rural needs real estate acquisition, cleanup, demolition, working capital, water and
sewer system improvements, supportive community facilities
The mission of USDA Rural Development is to increase economic opportunity in small towns
and rural areas not traditionally served by other federal development programs. RDA's programs focus
on non-farm business and community development projects, including major infrastructure systems like
water and sewer. As such, USDA is in a key position to support the kinds of activities critical to a
community brownfield revitalization effort. In 2003, USDA Rural Development programs were credited
with creating 150,000 new jobs and retaining an additional 200,000 others.
USDA Rural Development operates three types of programs- business development, community
improvement, and housing. Efforts in the first two areas are most suited to meet the challenges of rural
brownfields.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Business programs are structured to work in partnership with the private sector and with
community-based organizations to provide both direct financial assistance and help with business
planning. Their common mission is to fund efforts that create jobs, generate business activity, and
promote a clean rural environment. Individuals, corporations, private companies, partnerships, and
cooperatives, as well as public entities, nonprofit corporations, and tribes are eligible to tap into some or
all of the programs noted below.
Business and Industry Guaranteed Loans (B&I). The B&I program guarantees up to 80
percent of a loan, up to $10 million, made to a private business by a commercial lender. Proceeds can be
used for buildings, equipment, and related real estate activities.
Intermediary Relending Program. This program capitalizes locally run revolving loan funds
for small businesses not able to secure adequate bank financing on their own. Like the B&I program,
resources from the Intermediary Relending program can be used for real estate and equipment purposes.
Community facility programs offer grants, loans, and loan guarantees designed to develop
essential community facilities for public use in rural areas - schools, medical facilities, fire and rescue
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stations, public buildings, and transportation. Assistance is generally available to municipalities,
counties, special-Opurpose districts, tribes, and non-profit corporations. Key programs include:
Community Facility Program: Direct and Guaranteed Loans, and Facility Grants. The
guarantee portion of this program provides an incentive for commercial lending that will develop
essential community facilities. USDA guarantees loans made by banks for projects such as public
buildings, police and fire stations and equipment, septic systems, and recreational facilities. The direct
loan program does the same thing, except that USDA functions as the lender. In either case, the loans
can run for up to 40 years, or the useful life of the facility (if less than that). In the case of distressed
rural communities, who cannot qualify for a private or USDA loan for essential community facilities,
USDA Rural Development can make grants for these purposes. These are typically limited to $50,000
and may require some cost sharing.
Water and Waste Disposal Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Grants. USDA Rural Development
offers several programs aimed at developing and repairing water, sewer, storm drainage, and solid waste
systems. Loans can run for up to 40 years. These programs can be used to support industrial
development activities.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
The brownfields role for USDA Rural Development is starting to merge, as rural communities
make the connection between business and community facility needs and the problems and opportunities
fo brownfield sites. To this end, USDA has committed to continuing agency support of communities that
want to convert existing brownfields into natural open space parks and recreational facilities, as well as
helping rural brownfield communities apply for USDA grants and loans that could be used in these
situations.
Contacts
Inquiries about program applications in specific areas are handled by the agency's state-based
field staff, whose contact information can be accessed through contact maps on the agency's web site -
www.rurdev.usda.gov.
Washington-based program contacts:
William F. Hagy III
Deputy Administrator, Business Programs
bill.hagy@usda.gov
Pandor H. Hadjy
Assistant Deputy Administrator, Business Programs
pandor.hadjy@usda.gov
Georg Shultz
Special Assistant Deputy Administrator, Business Programs
georg.shultz@usda.gov
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U.S. Department of Commerce
Economic Development Administration
http://www.eda.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Funds infrastructure enhancements in designated redevelopment areas or economic development
centers that serve industry and commerce - targeted to state, local, and tribal governments;
public and private nonprofit organizations
Q Funds state and local implementation of strategies to attract private-sector investment in projects
that strengthen an area's economic base - targeted to state and local governments
Q Provides planning grants to economically distressed states and regions - targeted to state,
regional, local, and tribal governments
Q Funds infrastructure modernization at closed military bases - targeted to local governments,
development organizations, reuse authorities
Q Offers revolving loan funds to stimulate private investment - targeted to local governments,
states, regional development organizations
THINK ABOUT...using EDA to address cleanup and site preparation needs at reviving industrial
areas...street, utility, port, and other infrastructure needs at brownfieldproject sites...site revitalization
planning...site marketing
The Economic Development Administration (EDA) has been a pioneer and active participant in
economic development and community revitalization for the past 30 years. EDA's mission is "to lead the
federal economic development agenda by promoting innovation and competitiveness, preparing
American regions for growth and success in the worldwide economy."
Long before the term "brownfields" was coined, the EDA implemented programs to help
economically distressed communities alleviate the adverse conditions created by unemployment. It
continues to provide funding to promote infrastructure development, business development, and
economic revitalization. Since 1997, EDA has invested more than $350 million in over 350 brownfields
revitalization projects. In FY 2003, EDA provided $29 million in funding for 28 brownfield projects.
EDA and EPA since 1995 have had a memorandum of understanding that states their intended objective
to coordinate economic development and environmental protection goals through federal brownfield
initiatives.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Several EDA programs can be used to facilitate the redevelopment of brownfield sites. These
include the Public Works and Economic Development program; the Economic Adjustment program; and
the Planning Program for Economic Development Districts, Indian Tribes and Redevelopment Areas, and
States and Urban Areas.
Public Works and Economic Development Program. The Public Works and Economic
Development Program is EDA's primary initiative that directly affects the redevelopment of brownfield
sites. The program's funding is used to help distressed communities attract resources from the public and
private sectors in order to promote economic development. Since 1965, the program has helped fund
roads, water and sewer facilities, port improvements, and other infrastructure enhancements that serve
industry and commerce; it has been directly responsible for creating more than 1.5 million jobs. Grants
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are available to state and local governments, Indian tribes, and public and private nonprofit organizations.
The Public Works Program received $202 million in 2003, with an average grant of $905,000.
Economic Adjustment Program. The Economic Adjustment Program helps states and local
governments that experience sudden and severe economic dislocation or long-term economic
deterioration to design and implement adjustment and redevelopment strategies that will strengthen their
economic base. Many communities across the country suffer economic decline from a variety of factors,
including corporate or industrial restructuring, defense base closures, federal laws and regulations,
environmental degradation, and natural disasters. The program's funding encourages states and local
governments to implement strategies that will attract private-sector investment and participation in
projects that strengthen an area's economic base. EDA has targeted the redevelopment of brownfields as
a necessary and vital component in fulfilling the program's objectives. The Economic Adjustment
program received $45 million in 2003 and provided an average grant of $206,000.
Planning Program for Economic Development Districts, Indian Tribes, Redevelopment
Areas, and States and Urban Areas. EDA has developed two planning programs, with overlapping
policies, to help states and local governments create new jobs, retain existing jobs, and stimulate
industrial and commercial growth in economically-distressed areas. The Planning Program for Economic
Development Districts, Indian Tribes, and Redevelopment Areas and the Planning Program for States and
Urban Areas provide funding that helps the planning process at both the micro and macro levels of
government.
Through the Districts, Tribes, and Redevelopment Areas Program, the EDA promotes workforce
development activities in distressed areas at the local level. Presently, EDA supports 65 Indian tribes and
over 300 economic development districts in the formation and implementation of enterprises intended to
generate and retain jobs in these communities.
Grants under the States and Urban Areas Program assist economically distressed states, sub-state
planning regions, cities, and urban counties to undertake significant new economic development
planning, policy-making, and implementation efforts.
Planning grants, which totaled $24 million in 2003, ranged from $10,000 to $200,000.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
A big part of EDA's brownfield partnership role is to support multi-agency, sector-based
brownfields redevelopment efforts that are consistent with its mission, focus, investment policy
guidelines, and statutory authorities. For example, EDA is interested in supporting inter-agency efforts
to revitalize brownfields that enhance regional economic competitiveness and support market-driven
cluster development strategies. To this end, EDA has committed to:
Specifically identifying brownfields redevelopment in its annual Notice of Funding Availability;
Supporting community and faith-based brownfields redevelopment strategies;
Maintaining a National Brownfields Coordinator position in its headquarters office; and
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Continuing efforts to link brownfields assessment and cleanup activities with economic
development.
These commitments would carry on the agency's efforts, as exemplified by three project
examples. In 2001, EDA invested $1 million in the Florida's Tampa Port Authority for infrastructure
(i.e., bulkhead) improvements needed to accommodate the expansion plans of industrial tenants, as well
as attract new firms interested in locating in the Tampa Port. The seawall improvements will position the
authority to allow more boat traffic, serve as a catalyst for development or reuse of underused port
property, and improve safety for the Port Authority and companies that lease space. The EDA
investment is expected to result in the creation of 225 private sector jobs with over $10 million in private
capital investments.
In 2000, EDA invested $2 million with the Bridgeport Port Authority in Connecticut to support
the redevelopment of 50 acres of contiguous, vacant, waterfront brownfield property in the Bridgeport
Harbor. The redevelopment effort is expected to create over 500 new jobs, retain 200 existing jobs, and
leverage over $18 million in new private investment. The first tenant, Derecktor Shipyards, is
assembling two 235-foot Alaska Ferries in a new facility, while the remainder of the site is being
improved.
In 1998, EDA provided $600,000 in economic adjustment assistance to the Racine (Wisconsin)
County Economic Development Corporation to capitalize an industrial building revolving loan fund
(RLF) that offers needed gap financing for businesses located within the city of Racine. This RLF
targets under used, abandoned, and blighted properties for redevelopment.
Proposed EDA reauthorization legislation would formalize EDA's role by extending brownfield
eligibility to all of the agency's traditional programs.
Contact
Dennis Alvord
Deputy Director, Intergovernmental Affairs
Economic Development Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce, Room 7816
14th St. & Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20230
(202) 482-4320
Fax: (202) 482-0995
DAlvord@eda.doc.gov
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U. S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://www.noaa.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides technical and financial assistance for coastal resource protection and management -
targeted to coastal (including Great Lakes) state, territorial, and local governments
Q Funds workshops in Showcase Communities on brownfields-related coastal management issues -
targeted to local governments in Showcase Communities
Q Coordinates a new "Portfields" initiative (initially targeted to port areas in New Bedford MA,
Tampa FL, and Bellingham WA)
THINK ABOUT,, Planning for a revitalized waterfront and restoring coastal resources,,,linking port
revitalization needs with broader economic developmentpurposes...linking site design needs at
waterfront brownfields to end use planning
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Department of
Commerce (DoC) work to balance environmental and economic needs and benefits at waterfront
locations. Since 1997, DoC and NOAA have contributed funding, facilitation, and/or technical expertise
at coastal brownfield sites in New Jersey, New York, Virginia, Wisconsin, Illinois, California, and
others. With its coastal focus and experience in solving critical environmental challenges, NOAA
balances environmental and economic needs in many ways, by:
rebuilding community waterfronts and redeveloping brownfield sites through its strong
partnerships with coastal states' coastal zone management programs;
revitalizing port areas through the use of advanced marine transportation tools and services; and
helping to improve the quality of life, environment, and regional economy by working with local
communities and other agencies on coastal brownfield sites.
NOAA's Office of Sustainable Development and Intergovernmental Affairs sponsors local
workshops focusing on brownfields revitalization. These workshops help communities gather input from
all parties involved in the revitalization process, creating strong partnerships for more efficient action.
NOAA's Coastal Zone Management Program, through its strong partnerships with coastal states, helps
revitalize community waterfronts and redevelop brownfield sites. And NOAA's Office of Response and
Restoration protects and restores contaminated coastal resources and habitats through cost-effective
environmental cleanup and restoration solutions.
NOAA does not offer resources through a consolidated brownfields program, nor are
brownfields managed by one particular office. Rather, existing agency programs provide resources and
technical assistance to coastal communities for brownfields cleanup and reuse.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Office of Response and Restoration. This office protects and restores contaminated coastal
resources and habitats (including brownfields) by first assessing and evaluating risks and then
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implementing cost-effective environmental cleanup and restoration solutions. ORR is currently
providing this support is 28 coastal communities.
Coastal Zone Management Program, through its strong partnerships with coastal states, helps
revitalize community waterfronts and direct resources useful to helping redevelop brownfield sites.
NOAA's Office of Education and Sustainable Development has provided funding to and
sponsored workshops for coastal cities to assist them in more thoroughly planning their brownfields
redevelopment activities.
NOAA's Coastal Services Center helps develop the expertise of coastal resource professional
by giving them the tools to engage communities in land and water issues, including the redevelopment of
brownfields. Through Center-led workshops, planners and managers build valuable skills to help local
governments collaborate with the public and manage conflict.
What NOAA Brings to the Table for Coastal Revitalization
Portfields. NOAA's premier brownfield effort is its leadership of the interagency Portfields
effort, which includes hosting interagency meetings to coordinate of three initial Portfields projects.
NOAA has sponsored and facilitated local kick-off meetings in Tampa, New Bedford, and Bellingham.
The kick-off meetings brought together the Portfields Federal agencies, the port, and other stakeholders
to identify the port's goals and needs; match federal agencies' capabilities and resources to the port's
needs; and develop an action plan. NOAA provided $90,000 to support the implementation of the
Portfields pilots, and technical expertise, tools and services to the pilot ports based on the pilot's needs.
This includes risk assessment, cost-effective cleanup strategies, habitat restoration, planning, and
environmental permit review.
NOAA, in partnership with state coastal management programs, will identify opportunities to
support Portfields pilots through implementation of the Coastal Zone Management Act. Eligible
activities may include community and waterfront revitalization planning, coastal resource protection and
enhancement of public access.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
NOAA is working to expand their activities at coastal brownfield sites. Potential services
include:
Working to assess and safely clean up coastal contamination to revitalize local economies.
Promoting the compatible and sustainable use of coastal areas for urban fisheries, port and
industrial activities, recreation, and tourism
Developing and delivering a decision-making database and mapping tools to assist in repairing
sites and restoring habitat. Lending expertise in advanced marine transportation tools and
services that will revitalize communities.
More specifically, NOAA has committed to leading an interagency "Portfields" project (as
described above) that will focus on the redevelopment and reuse of idled or abandoned lands in and
around ports, harbors, and marine transportation hubs. The agency will also provide funding to coastal
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states for brownfields redevelopment as part of waterfront revitalization efforts, and document successful
brownfields waterfront revitalization approaches.
Contacts
Richard Legatski
NOAA Office of Legislative Affairs
(202) 482-4638
Kenneth Walker
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
MC: SSMC
1305 East West Highway, Rm. 11340
Silver Spring, MD 20912
(301) 713-3113 Ext. 157
Fax:(301)713-4367
kenneth.walker@noaa.gov
NOAA Coastal Brownfields
http://www.brownfields.noaa.gov/welcome.html
Portfields
http://www.brownfields.noaa.gov/htmls/portfields/portfields.html
Coastal Zone Management Program BAD LINK
http://www.nos.noaa.gov/ocrm/czm/welcome.html
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U.S. Department of Defense
Army Corps of Engineers
http://www.usace.army.mil
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Executes projects emphasizing ecosystem restoration, inland and coastal navigation, and flood
and storm damage reduction that may be brownfield-related. Projects are identified by
communities with their local Corps districts and executed if they are recommended by the
Administration and authorized by Congress - targeted to state and local governments
Q Provides technical support on a cost-reimbursable basis to federal agencies for brownfield
activities - targeted to local governments working with federal agencies
THINK ABOUT,,,requesting assistance from the Corps for planning for projects and related amenities in
waterfront situations..defining Corps eligible projects like riverbank restoration that can enhance
brownfield revitalization efforts
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manages and executes engineering, construction, and real
estate programs for the Army and Air Force, as well as for other federal agencies as assigned. It also has
responsibility for investigating, developing, and maintaining the nation's water and related environmental
resources, including projects to assure water quality control and enhancement of outdoor recreation,
among other things.
The Corps of Engineers position is that "for a brownfield reuse to become truly sustainable, a
three-pronged approach that considers economic, environmental, and cultural resources must be
considered not only in the short term, but also in the long term." The Corps maintains that by bringing
ecology back into the urban setting, where the majority of brownfields are located, it can help reverse and
prevent suburban sprawl by encouraging inhabitants to reside within established, developed areas.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Technical Assistance. While the Corps is not authorized to conduct a brownfield program per
se and does not provide grant money to communities, it can conduct specific projects that support
brownfield assessment, cleanup, and revitalization efforts to help communities achieve greater
environmental sustainability and economic revitalization. Those projects generally relate to ecosystem
restoration, inland and coastal navigation, and flood and storm damage reduction. They may involve any
of an array of Corps authorities, such as planning assistance and beneficial use of dredged material.
Reimbursable Support. The Corps' reimbursable support to communities is limited (under
section 211 of the 2002 Water Resources Development Act) to those activities for which it is "uniquely
qualified." Under the Economy in Government Act, the Corps may perform work, including technical
assistance for brownfield-related activities, for non-DoD federal agencies on a cost-reimbursable basis.
Civil Works Funding. Communities interested in obtaining assistance through the Corps' Civil
Works Program can contact their local Corps district. Costs for most projects are shared between the
federal government and the local cost-share partner, who must comply with all Corps procedures.
Centers of Corps Expertise. Several organizations in the Corps have demonstrated capability
and expertise in specialized areas related to brownfields. The Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive West
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Center of Expertise (HTRW-CX) focuses on environmental remediation and other environmental
compliance issues through a variety of technical areas, such as environmental regulation and laws;
innovative technologies; environmental and ecological risk assessment; chemical, environmental, and
geotechnical engineering; contracting; and cost recovery. Additional centers focus on the preservation of
historic buildings and structures and rapid response to hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste incidents.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
The Corps may provide planning and technical assistance to communities with brownfields. For
major water resource-related endeavors, the Corps will guide communities to the appropriate
Congressional contacts for authorization and appropriation support.
The Corps is also partnering with EPA on eight pilots to foster interagency and stakeholder
partnerships that promote integrated solutions to restoring and managing water resources of degraded
urban rivers. Whenever feasible, the Corps will use its existing Civil Works authorities to promote more
integrated regional water resource plans that balance revitalization and environmental goals.
Contacts
Kip Huston
202-761-4574
Nancy Porter
202-566-2751
Jane Mergler
202-761-0314
Mark Mimick
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Hazardous, Toxic & Radioactive Waste Center of Expertise Specialists
12565 West Center Road
Omaha, Nebraska 68144-3869
402-697-2558
mark.l.mimick@usace.army.mil
Program Description and Regional Contacts
http://brownfields.sac.usace.army.mil/index.html
Hazardous, Toxic & Radioactive Waste Center of Expertise
http://www.environmental.usace.army.mil/info/technical/hp/hpwelcome/hprad/hpexpert/hpexpert.html
Preservation of Historic Buildings and Structures
http://WAVW.nws.usace.army.miVPublicMenu/Menu.cfm?sitename=historic&pagename=mainpage
Rapid Response HTRW Center
http://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/html/cd-rr/default.htm
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U. S. Department of Defense
Office of Economic Adjustment
http://www.oea.gov
BROWNFIELD LINK
Q Provides extensive information on redevelopment of closed military base properties -may benefit
all brownfield community stakeholders
THINK ABOUT,,,offsettingproject technical information needs,,,usingDOD/OEA models to help with
conceptualization of prospective reuse strategies
The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), through its work in communities affected by military
base realignments and closures (BRAC), is experienced in economic adjustment activities. DOD's
primary tools for its economic adjustment projects are the Defense Economic Adjustment program and
the BRAC Program, which govern the department's efforts to close surplus military facilities, return them
to local communities, and help them with site remediation and redevelopment. The Office of the
Secretary of Defense coordinates DOD's efforts, operating through the Deputy Under Secretary of
Defense (Installations and Environment) and the Office of Economic Adjustment.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
The Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) has gained extensive experience with redevelopment
where property has some level of contamination, and this information may be useful to both military and
non-military impacted communities who must address the problems of obsolete and abandoned sites.
OEA's goal is to integrate the cleanup issues into the overall planning for redevelopment, and since many
base closure actions result in extensive planning and review of economic development goals, there is
usually an excellent opportunity to adapt the techniques of brownfield redevelopment as elements of a
larger set of community development actions.
OEA staff represent a broad and extensive range of experience with respect to the military:
economic, industrial and community development; urban and land use planning; program and economic
impact analysis; real estate; and worker retraining. Project managers also bring knowledge and a
working network with other federal agencies to help communities put together an adjustment program
that combines federal, state, local, and private resources.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
DoD has committed to clean up and encourage redevelopment at closed and realigned DoD bases
and make them available as community assets for productive reuse.
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Contacts
Joe Cartwright, Senior Project Manager
Office of Economic Adjustment
400 Army Navy Drive
Arlington, VA 22202-2884
(703) 604-5844
Fax: (703) 604-5843
joseph.cartwright@osd.mil
Kurt Kratz
Director of Environmental Cleanup
Office of the Deputy Under Secretary for Installations and Environment (I&E)
Department of Defense
3C765
The Pentagon
Washington, DC 20301-3400
(703) 697-5372
(703) 695-4981 Fax
kurt.kratz@osd.mil
Defense Environmental Network and Information eXchange
http ://www. denix. osd.mil
Base Realignment and Closure
http://www.defenselink.mil/brac
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U.S. Department of Energy
http://www.doe.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Funds research on assessment and cleanup technology - targeted to universities, labs, and private
industry
Q Offers information on integrating brownfield redevelopment with energy efficiency and
sustainability- targeted to all brownfield community stakeholders
THINK AsouT,,,using new, applicable DOE-supported remedial technologies to reduce cleanup
costs...linkingprospective site users to DOE information on technology innovations
The Department of Energy (DOE) has been the caretaker and manager of the nation's arsenal of
nuclear weapons, the facilities that manufacture the weapons, and the property on which the weapons are
located. Many DOE properties that were once busy with nuclear manufacturing and warehousing activity
now lie dormant or idle, due in part to the downsizing of the military in general and to the closure of
nuclear weapons facilities in particular. As a result, DOE has been forced to consider the future uses of
these abandoned and contaminated properties. Many contain low levels of contamination because they
were used only as buffer zones for the nuclear weapons facilities; just a few parcels were used in the
production of nuclear weapons and are highly contaminated.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy/Center of Excellence for Sustainable
Development. This DOE office serves as a resource center on sustainable development and addresses
several relevant issues, including land use planning, transportation, municipal energy, green building, and
sustainable businesses. Brownfield redevelopment is considered a key strategy for implementing
sustainable development successfully, and the center provides a number of resources. The web site
www.sustainable.doe.gov also provides a bibliography.
Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs (BTS). BTS works with
government, industry, and communities to integrate energy technologies and practices to make buildings
more efficient and communities more livable. The resources available through BTS can help ensure that
brownfield cleanup is connected to energy efficiency and sustainable redevelopment. The BTS web site
is www.eren.doe.gov.
Office of Environmental Management. DOE conducts research, development, and engineering
on assessment and remediation of contaminated sites. Its Office of Environmental Management (EM)
pays for cleanup of DOE's contaminated sites. EM also supports funding for R&D on cleanup and
assessment technologies; although these technologies are developed for and/or tested on DOE's own
contaminated sites, many have broader applicability.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
DOE can support brownfield reuse by providing technical assistance in the field of energy use
and environmental remediation, sharing lessons learned about cleanup and long-term stewardship efforts,
and funding for relevant research and development. The energy policy developed by the Bush
Administration's acknowledges this role by specifically proposing to link energy with brownfields,
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recommending that: "...the President direct the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to work with local and state governments to promote the use of well-designed CHP and other
clean power generation at brownfield sites, consistent with the local communities' interests. EPA will
also work to clarify liability issues if they are raised at a particular site."
DOE also commits to:
Promoting the construction of buildings that incorporate energy efficient, renewable energy and
distributed energy technologies at brownfields;
Developing regional relationships with federal and state partners to address site or brownfields
issues;
Providing technical assistance in the field of environmental cleanup and stabilization to
brownfields/ revitalization efforts;
Funding related environmental remediation science and technology development;
Linking Brownfields Pilot activities with DOE's cleanup and remediation activities to create
more attractive and sustainable communities.
Contacts
Melinda Downing
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Intergovernmental and Public Accountability
EM-11
1000 Independence Avenue, SW
Room1F087
Washington, DC 20585
(202) 586-7703
Fax: (202) 586-0293
melinda.downing@em.doe.gov
Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development
http://www.sustainable.doe.gov
Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs
http: //www. eren. do e .gov/buildings
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides grants to cleanup and redevelop brownfield sites while preventing future health hazards
- targeted to local health departments in showcase communities
Q Studies and provides training in environmental health impacts on minority communities -
targeted to academic institutions and various brownfield community stakeholders
Q Offers assessment of environmental sampling data - targeted to all brownfield community
stakeholders
THINK AsouT,,,using ATSDR review to enhance community outreach efforts at brownfield
sites...corroborate community outreach informational materials
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), created by the 1980
Superfund legislation and operating within the Department of Health and Human Services, seeks to
prevent human exposure to hazardous substances in the environment. Its public health functions include:
assessments of sites, the analysis and reporting of collected assessment data, education and training
concerning hazardous substances, epidemiological surveillance studies, and the mitigation of releases of
hazardous substances into the environment.
ATSDR established the Office of Urban Affairs (OUA) to primarily handle its brownfield
activities. This office also focuses on environmental justice and minority health concerns.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
The agency does not make specific brownfield funding awards. Instead, the extent of AT SDR s
involvement at an individual site will depend on the health issues in question, the ability of ATSDR's
state and local health department partners to adequately address those issues, and ATSDR resource
capabilities.
Minority Health Initiative. ATSDR in 1987 established a Minority Health Initiative to focus
on the demographic characteristics, health perspectives, health communication patterns, and health
professional and community health education needs of disadvantaged communities and persons of color.
This effort has evolved into the agency's Minority Health/Environmental Justice Program, which can help
develop and execute environmental risk communication and education programs to mitigate and prevent
adverse health effects from hazardous substances in disadvantaged communities and those with people of
color
Review and Assess Environmental Sampling Data. ATSDR can review and assess
environmental sampling data and other site-related information in order to determine if past, current, or
future exposure to hazardous substances might have public health consequences. In essence, ATSDR or
state health departments can provide an independent opinion on site conditions and offer
recommendations on safe redevelopment. In those rare cases where it appears that significant exposure
to hazardous chemicals is occurring or did occur, ATSDR may conduct an investigation to characterize
the public health significance of site-related exposures.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 27 September 2004
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Health-Related Information Sharing. ATSDR can provide health-related information on
specific hazardous substances; coordinate a response to a real or perceived elevated incidence of disease
near a site; and help individual workers or community members find experienced, private medical
attention for significant hazardous substance exposure.
Contacts
Steven L. Jones
Senior Regional Representative
ATSDR Liaison Officer to EPA Headquarters
Office of Regional Operations
Ariel Rios Building
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
MC5204G
Washington, DC 20460
(703) 603-8729
sxj6@cdc.gov
Office of Urban Affairs: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/OUA/
Francisco A. Tomei Torres, Ph.D.
Minority Health Program Specialist
Health Disparities Unit
NCEH/ATSDR
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd., NE, , MS-E29
Atlanta, GA. 30329-4018
404 498 0664
888 422 8737, x0664
Fax: 404 498 0093
francisco.tomeitorres@cdc.hhs.gov
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 28 September 2004
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U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/program/brownfields.htm
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Conducts pilot programs to recruit minority workers to the environmental field under the
Minority Worker Training Program and the Brownfields Minority Worker Training Programs-
currently targeted to six academic institutions and training consortia - (Xavier University of
Louisiana, Laborers-AGC Education and Training Fund, Center to Protect Workers Rights,
National Puerto Rican Forum, and the New Jersey/New York Consortium)
Q Provides grants to organizations to develop model occupational safety and health training for
workers who perform dangerous jobs in hazardous waste management and remediation - targeted
to non-profit organizations with an established track record of conducting health and safety
training (currently, 18 grantees)
Q Conducts research and outreach on environmental hazards and cleanup technologies targeting
Superfund sites and other sites such as brownfields
Q Provides grants to for-profit companies under the Advanced Training Technology (ATT)
program - targeted to companies employing HAZMAT workers, emergency responders, and
small business participants in the SBIR and STTR programs
THINK ABOU rebuilding partnerships to strengthen training programs to increase cleanup service
provider options in areas with numerous brownfield sites
Among other things, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) studies
and addresses the environmental causes of human health concerns, and tries to link its basic research,
community outreach, and worker-training programs to EPA's brownfields assessment program.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Basic Research. One of NIEHS's research and outreach efforts focuses on environmental
hazards specific to poor and minority communities. The agency supports a series of programs that
translate environmental health research findings into information or tools that can be used by public
health professionals and the public to support community involvement in identifying and investigating
health concerns, including those involving contaminated sites
Hazardous Waste Worker Training. The NIEHS worker education and training program has
established an effective national framework to develop and provide comprehensive training that is
needed to address Superfund cleanups, chemical emergency responses, RCRA corrective actions, and
environmental restoration in urban communities surrounding brownfield sites. It is able to assess policy,
funding, and training issues of utmost concern to this worker community. Its website
www.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/grant/summary.htm acts as an extension of the training program network,
providing information on issues that are important to both workers and trainers who are engaged in
activities related to hazardous substance generation, response, removal, and containment. In fiscal 2003,
$30 million was allocated to continue support efforts to train hazardous waste workers and emergency
responders.
Minority Worker Training Program. NIEHS training efforts currently include the Minority
Worker Training Program (MWTP), which offers a series of national pilot programs to recruit minority
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 29 September 2004
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workers into the environmental field. The program targets young people who live in areas where they
may be at risk of exposure to contaminated properties so that they can be both informed about the
environmental issues in the area as well as compete for jobs that are created when sites are cleaned up
and redeveloped. The MWTP works with academic institutions, with a particular focus on historically
black colleges and universities, as well as public schools and community-based organizations located in
or nearby impacted areas (see list above). MTWP has received more than $3 million over the past two
years to support its efforts.
Brownfields Minority Worker Training Program. The BMWTP, which began in 1998,
broadens the MWT program to provide comprehensive training to disadvantaged residents and to foster
economic and environmental restoration to communities impacted by brownfields. Funding for this
program is provided by interagency agreement with the US EPA, and totaled $2.2 million for the year
ending August 31, 2004. The BMWTP has reached some 1,860 trainees since it began, and has enjoyed
a 66 percent successful employment rate over the past five years. For further information, see the web
site - www.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/program/minority.htm.
Superfund Worker Training Grants Program. Originally authorized as part of the Superfund
program, these training grants provide model occupational safety and health training for workers and
their supervisors who perform dangerous jobs in the nation's hazardous waste management and
remediation programs. The program enhances rather than replaces private-sector training responsibility
by demonstrating new and cost-effective training techniques and materials. There are 18 primary
grantees, and NIEHS reports that more than 1 million people across the country have received training.
Advanced Technology Training Program. ATT focuses on the development of E-Learning
products for health and safety training needed by HAZMAT workers, emergency responders; it directs its
resources towards small business participants in the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and
Small Business Technology Transfer Research (STTR) programs.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
NIEHS contributes biomedical, public health, environmental research, and training programs for
those engaged in environmental efforts such as cleanup and remediation and provides outreach and
education to the public and other organizations across the country regarding these issues. To this end,
the agency commits to continuing to administer and fund the BMWTP program in collaboration with
EPA's Brownfields Office to increase workforce development opportunities for residents surrounding
brownfields communities; and linking other program grantees with brownfields communities to address
other worker-training needs and issues.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 30 September 2004
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Contacts
Sharon D. Beard
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
POBoxl2233,MDEC-25
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
(919)541-1863
Fax:(919)541-0462
beard 1 @niehs.nih. gov
Joseph (Chip) Hughes, Jr.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS)
MD EC-25
Worker Education and Training Program
79 TW Alexander Drive
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
(919)541-0217
Fax:(919)541-0462
hughes3 @niehs .nih.gov
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 31 September 2004
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U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
http://www.hud.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides block grants and competitive awards for revitalizing entitlement communities - targeted
to state and local governments
Q Offers federally-guaranteed loans for large economic development and revitalization projects,
typically in entitlement communities - targeted to state and local governments
Q Provides priority status for certain federal programs and grants for HUD-designated
Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Communities - targeted to 80 local governments with
low-income or distressed areas
Q Provides options for meeting safe and affordable housing needs in developed areas
THINK AsouT,,,using HUD resources to meet virtually any brownfield need site acquisition,
assessment, cleanup, demolition, clearance, construction, or structural rehabilitation...addressing
residential lead paint problems
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has six brownfield-applicable
HUD programs (listed below) that can provide resources for the renewal of economically distressed
areas, including brownfield sites. HUD takes the position that brownfields provide potential
opportunities for neighborhood revitalization and economic redevelopment, consistent with its own
mission.
Community Development Block Grant Program;
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program;
Brownfield Economic Development Initiative (and the related Economic Development
Initiative);
HOME Investment Partnership Program;
Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities Initiative; and
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Grant Program.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Community Development Block Grant Program. Since its enactment in 1974, the
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program has provided annual grants to states and eligible
metropolitan cities and urban counties ("entitlement communities") for housing, community
improvement, and economic development activities. Communities use CDBG funds to "revitalize
neighborhoods, expand affordable housing and economic opportunities, and/or improve community
facilities and services." The program increasingly has driven economic development activities, including
brownfield redevelopment, that have the potential to stimulate job and business opportunities in blighted
communities.
HUD distributes 70 percent of the CDBG formula appropriations to more than 1,100 entitlement
communities, and the remaining 30 percent of the formula funds go to the states for distribution to
non-entitlement small cities and counties. Entitlement communities administer their own programs and
have broad discretion in the selection of activities that they carry out each year. States have broad
discretion in the method of distribution of funds to non-entitlement units of general local government. In
Hawaii and U.S. territories, HUD makes grants directly to non-entitlement counties.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 32 September 2004
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CDBG recipients may choose to implement activities themselves directly, through contracts, or
they may use sub-recipients (eligible public or non-profit organizations) to carry out activities on their
behalf. CDBG recipients may also directly assist for-profit businesses for economic development project
and may also carry out brownfield redevelopment projects. The CDBG funded activity, in addition to
being eligible must also meet one of the program's three objectives: a) benefit low- and moderate-income
persons b) prevent or eliminate slums or blight; or c) meet other urgent community development needs.
For fiscal 2004, Congress appropriated about $4.4 billion for the CDBG program.
Over the past five years, nearly 100 cities and towns of all size have used CDBG resources
directly for brownfield purposes, in various ways including:
preparing plans for redevelopment or revitalization of brownfield sites;
acquiring sites;
carrying out environmental site assessment;
clearing sites, and demolishing and removing buildings;
rehabilitating buildings;
removing or cleaning up contamination from sites or structures; and
carrying out the redevelopment, including constructing real estate improvements.
Cities like Provo Utah have used CDBG to capitalize local RLFs for brownfield purposes. The
small town of Newberg, Oregon, used $280,000 through its state CDBG program for cleanup and site
clearance at an abandoned auto dealership downtown, which is being converted into convert to a new
retail center. Dallas has used CDBG to pay for cleanup at sites being used for housing. And Wisconsin
has been reserving $2.5 million of its state CDBG allocation for small cities to provide them with
resources to pay for site assessments and cleanups.
One of CDBG's real values as a program is that it can help address smaller neighborhood based
projects as well as larger projects, where initial resource injections are needed to help with site cleanup
and related preparation. Also, HUD funding can be used in ways that EPA support cannot, for cleanup of
all types of contaminants as well as necessary redevelopment activities like demolition. In this way, it
can be a nice complement.
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program. CDBG recipients are eligible for funding through the
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program. Section 108 typically provides federally guaranteed loans for
large economic development and revitalization projects, housing, and public infrastructure projects.
CDBG entitlement recipients may borrow an amount equal to five times the recipients' latest CDBG
entitlement grant. Small cities must work through their states, who determine the maximum amounts
their recipients may borrow, up to a statewide maximum of five times the state's latest CDBG allocation.
CDBG recipients must provide security of the Section 108 guaranteed loan (often the assets of the
assisted project) and are required to pledge their current and future CDBG grants. The level of certainty
and security provided by the Section 108 loan guarantee program will help stimulate private development
and investment within the targeted communities.
Section 108 guaranteed loans must be used for projects that further the objectives of the CDBG
program, including the CDBG national objectives. Section 108 projects may also be used to acquire and
redevelop brownfield sites. Since 1978, Section 108 has provided approximately $6.2 billion in loan
guarantee authority for over 1,400 projects. In recent years, many Section 108 supported projects have
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 33 September 2004
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involved brownfield properties. In fiscal 2004, Congress provided $275 million in new guarantee
authority.
Economic Development Initiative (EDI). In 1994, HUD launched the Economic Development
Initiative (EDI) to provide additional security to recipients of Section 108 guaranteed loans, as well as
additional financial assistance for development projects that these loans finance. EDI funds spur
economic development and revitalization by making projects more feasible and financially secure.
Originally, cities competed for EDI grants; in recent years, though all EDI funding decisions have been
determined through congressional earmarks.
Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BEDI). In 1998, HUD developed the
Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BEDI) grant program as part of the overall EDI. BEDI
grants target brownfield redevelopment activities and are intended to simulate private and public
investments within local communities. They were designed to provide additional security to recipients of
Section 108 guaranteed loans which must be used in tandem with BEDI grants - as well as additional
financial assistance for development projects that these loans finance. BEDI addresses Section 108
recipient concerns that CDBG funding will be at risk in the event of default on Section 108 loans used
for brownfield purposes.
Specifically, BEDI funds may be used to pay a portion of project costs, thereby reducing overall
financial liability, or they may be used as a loan loss reserve or debt reserve. BEDI has had particular
success in increasing access to capital for small businesses and entrepreneurs. In 2003, the program
awarded $29.1 million in grants and the requisite Section 108 participation guaranteed another $117
million in loans. BEDI grants total $153 million since 1998, along with a total of $727 million in Section
108-guaranteed loans. The BEDI program received $25 million in appropriated funds in FY 2004.
HOME Investment Partnerships Program. Established in 1990 under the Cranston-Gonzalez
National Affordable Housing Act, the HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME) is the largest
federal block grant to create affordable housing. The HOME program provides annual grants to states
and eligible cities and urban counties (all termed participating jurisdictions). Participating jurisdictions
may use their grant funds to undertake the following: acquire property, construct new housing for rent or
ownership, rehabilitate rental or owner-occupied units, provide home purchase or rehabilitation financing
assistance, and assist low-income renters through tenant-based rental assistance or payment of security
deposits.
Participating jurisdictions are required to contribute or match 25 cents for each dollar of HOME
funds spent on affordable housing. HOME fosters the growth and capacity of local nonprofits by
requiring that each participating jurisdiction sets aside 15 percent of its allocation to fund housing that
will be owned, developed or sponsored by entities designated as community housing development
organizations (CHDOs).
HUD directly distributes HOME funds to 594 state and local jurisdiction and four insular areas.
States have funded state recipients, sub-recipients, CHDOs, for profit and other nonprofit program
participants. Since the program's inception, communities have committed $8.8 billion of HOME funds to
develop more than 600,000 units of affordable housing. HOME funds may be used for brownfield
redevelopment projects after the site has been cleaned of contamination.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 34 September 2004
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Office of Community Renewal (RC/EZ/EC). This office oversees the Renewal
Community/Enterprise Zone/Enterprise Community (RC/EZ/EC) Initiatives, which take an innovative
approach to revitalization. By offering tax incentives and flexible funding, these efforts bring
communities together through a strategic planning process to attract the investment necessary for
sustainable economic and sustainable community development. In 1994, HUD designated 65 cities as
Enterprise Communities (ECs) and 6 cities as Empowerment Zones (EZs), followed by 15 Round II EZs
in 1998. At the end of 2001, HUD designated an additional 12 rural and 28 urban RCs and eight new
urban Empowerment Zones. The US Department of Agriculture designated 10 rural Empowerment
Zones and 35 rural Enterprise Communities.
EZ/ECs have had access to over $5 billion in tax incentives. These tax incentives include wage
tax credits for employers, tax relief for business equipment purchases, tax-exempt bond financing for
business property, tax incentives for brownfield cleanup and redevelopment, Qualified Zone Academy
Bonds and some capital gains exclusions. RCs are eligible for more than $5 billion in tax incentives.
RCs qualify for many of the EZ/EC incentives and also are eligible for a special commercial
revitalization deduction and zero percent capital gains rate on the sale or transfer of assets.
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Grant Program. HUD's lead-based paint program was
established to reduce young children's exposure to lead paint hazards in their homes. To accomplish this,
HUD provides states and local governments with grants, ranging from $1 million to $2.5 million, to abate
lead paint hazards in privately-owned, low-income owner owned, and rental housing. Eligible activities
include inspections and risk assessments, and development of community awareness or education
programs on lead hazards and their control. Since 1993, HUD has awarded nearly $700 million to more
than 100 municipalities and states.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
HUD's housing, economic, and community development programs can all work to support
diverse aspects of brownfields redevelopment. In particular, the agency has committed to:
linking tax incentives available through empowerment zones and enterprise communities to
brownfield opportunities;
working to enhance BEDI access by small cities by seeking legislation that would de-link BEDI from
Section 108 and allow HUD to award BEDI funds as direct grants; and
providing timely and useful information about successful brownfield redevelopment efforts through
the development of new data systems that gather and disseminate such information, and through the
inclusion of brownfields redevelopment information in the agency's communication and educational
material and activities.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 35 September 2004
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Contacts
RC/EZ/EC Programs
http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/economicdevelopment/programs/rc/index.cfm
http://www.hud.gov/er
Pamela Glekas Spring
Director, Office of Community Renewal
Community Planning and Development
451 7th Street SW, Room 7130
Washington, DC 20410
(800) 998-9999 - Community Connections Hotline
(202) 708-6339 (phone)
(202) 401-7615 (fax)
Community Development Block Grant Program for States, Small Cities, and Insular Areas
http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/programs/index.cfm
Steve Johnson
Director
State and Small Cities Division
State CDBG Program
Office of Block Grant Assistance in
Office of Community Planning and Development
451 7th Street SW
Washington, DC 20410
(202) 708-1322
steveJohnson@HUD.gov
Community Development Block Grant Entitlement Communities Program
http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/programs/entitlement/index.cfm
Sue Miller
Director
Entitlement Communities Division
Office of Block Grant Assistance in
Office of Community Planning and Development
451 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
(202)708-1577
sue_miller@HUD. gov
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 36 September 2004
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Contacts (continued)
HOME Investment Partnerships Program
www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/affordablehousing/programs/home/index.cfm
Mary Kolesar
Director
Office of Affordable Housing Programs
451 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
(202) 708-2684
mary_kolesar@hud.gov
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program & Economic Development Initiative
http://www.hud.gov/progdesc/cdbg-108.cfm BAD LINK
http://www.hud.gov/cpd/econdev/108/facts.html NO 108 INFO
http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/programs/108/index.cfm
http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/economicdevelopment/programs/edi/index.cfm
Paul Webster
Director
Financial Management and Section 108 Division
Office of Block Grant Assistance in
HUD's Office of Community Planning and Development
451 7th Street SW, Room 7180
Washington, DC 20410
(202)708-1871
BEDI/EDI: Bill Seedyke (202) 708-3484 extension 4445
Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BEDI)
http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/economicdevelopment/programs/bedi/index.cfm
HUD Brownfield Hotline
1-800-998-9999
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 37 September 2004
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U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service
http://www.nps.gov
Brownfield Links
Q Provides technical assistance for planning, assessment, and conservation in urban areas - targeted to
state and local governments and community-based organizations
Q Assists in acquisition of surplus federal lands - targeted to state and local governments
Q Offers technical assistance for community revitalization - targeted to Brownfield Showcase
Communities
THINK ABOUT...enhancing brownfield projects with parks and open space amenities
Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service (NPS) has provided planning and technical
assistance for community-based conservation efforts. Besides preserving national parks, NPS cooperates
with governmental and community-based organization partners to extend the benefits of natural and
cultural resource conservation and outdoor recreation..
In July 1996, the Department of Interior, through its Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance
Program (Rivers & Trails), signed a memorandum of understanding with EPA to work cooperatively on
initiatives promoting sustainable community-based environmental conservation and brownfield
redevelopment.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Technical Assistance Through the Rivers & Trails Program. The Rivers & Trails Program
supports state and local governments and community organizations in conservation efforts by providing
river, trail, and greenway planning; resource assessment; and conservation workshops and consultations.
Much of Rivers & Trails assistance is targeted to urban areas for projects that include or affect
underutilized contaminated properties. As such, the program can complement brownfield redevelopment
efforts.
Four Rivers & Trails project areas to support conservation efforts (urban area projects, trails and
greenway projects, rails-trails projects, and river projects) may be used concurrently with redevelopment
efforts. An example of River & Trails involvement is its agreement with EPA to support the
development of Groundworks USA, a network of locally-organized community corporations for the
environment that provide cost-effective project development services to improve their community
environment, economy and quality of life through local action focused on improving parks and open
spaces and reclaiming derelict vacant lots and brownfields for community benefit, such as housing,
business and greenspace.
Technical Assistance Through the Federal Lands-to-Parks Program. Through the Federal
Lands-to-Parks Program, the NPS helps states and local governments acquire, at no cost, surplus federal
lands (including excess lands from decommissioned military bases). NPS identifies which lands have
high natural, historic, or recreational values, and then assists communities gain title to the lands. Land or
buildings obtained through this program must be open to the public and used exclusively for parks and
recreational purposes.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 38 September 2004
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BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
The Department of Interior (DOI), home to the NFS and other agencies, is supporting
brownfields partnerships activities by various bureaus. As part of this effort, DOI commits to:
Establishing a Brownfields Redevelopment Working Group among DOI bureaus and offices to
improve internal Departmental coordination and to enhance the DOI's capacity to partner with EPA's
Brownfields Program
Continuing to support the Groundworks effort; and
Exploring the possibility of assisting EPA with inventorying, characterizing, assessing, and planning
related to brownfield sites, participating in performing targeted site assessments, and establishing a
DOI brownfields web site.
Contacts
Sam Stokes, Chief
National Park Service
Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program
1849 C Street, NW, Org. Code 2220
Washington, D.C. 20240
202-354-6933
sam_stokes@nps.gov
http://www.nps.gov/rtca/
Wendy Ormont
Federal Lands to Parks Program Leader
National Park Service
1849 C Street, N.W. M.S. 2225
Washington, DC 20240
202-354-6915
Fax: 202-371-5197
Wendy_ormont@nps. gov
http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/flp/index.html
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 39 September 2004
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U.S. Department of the Interior
Office of Surface Mining
http://www.osmre.gov
Brownfield Links
Q Provides information on mine site issues and opportunities - targeted to local governments, states,
tribes, quasi-public development organizations, non-profits, and other entities eligible to apply for
EPA brownfield assessment and cleanup grants
Q Offers grant writing training targeted to entities eligible to apply for grants to support brownfield
redevelopment
THINK AsouT,,,tapping OSM expertise when exploring reuse opportunities for old mining sites and
related facilities...when preparing applications for EPA brownfield program assistance for newly
eligible "mine scarred land" sites
The Office of Surface Mining (OSM) is a small bureau with responsibility, in cooperation with
the states and Indian tribes, for the protection of citizens and the environment during coal mining and
reclamation. OSM also works to reclaim mines abandoned before 1977. OSM is organized around two
principal requirements: regulating active coal mining, and reclaiming abandoned mines. Additionally,
OSM operates programs to: eliminate the environmental and economic impacts of acid mine drainage
from abandoned coal mines; encourage reforestation of reclaimed mine land; develop techniques that can
ensure reclamation of prime farmland soils; and publicly recognize outstanding reclamation by
communicating the experience to others.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
OSM has provided training and support to OSM/VISTA volunteers and helped prepare grant
applications for brownfields projects in coal impacted watersheds. The new federal Brownfields
Revitalization Act recognizes mine-scarred lands as brownfields, further linking and strengthening the
environmental management activities and goals of OSM, EPA, and other federal partners.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
OSM is carrying out its brownfield role by working with EPA to address environmental concerns
on abandoned minelands and within contaminated watersheds. The agency continues to work with
OSM/VISTA Watershed Development Coordinators to provide direct training on brownfields in
Coalfields grant writing and project development.
Contact
T. Allan Comp
Watershed Assistance Team
Office of Surface Mining
Department of the Interior - Room 121
Washington, DC 20240
(202) 208-2836
Fax:(202)219-0239
tcomp@osmre.gov
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 40 September 2004
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U.S. Department of Justice
Weed and Seed Program
http ://www.usdoj .gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Brownfields Special Emphasis Initiative gives communities unsuccessful in seeking EPA funding a
"second chance" to carry out initiatives aimed at site preparation and development, and community
outreach and participation - targeted to Weed and Seed program grantees
Q Advise and assist with the use of EPA brownfield funds to clean up meth labs targeted to all EPA
grantees addressing meth labs
Q Assists in crime prevention and improving the community climate through neighborhood restoration
and crime prevention - targeted to local governments for community use
THINK AsouT,,,plugging key community involvement, reuse planning, cleanup, and project
development financing gaps when other funding sources fall through.^using community outreach
services to address site and neighborhood safety issues that can stigmatize brownfield sites
The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) does not have a specific brownfield reuse program, but it
supports for initiatives that encourage redevelopment directly - through its Brownfield Special Emphasis
Initiative - and indirectly, through the Weed and Seed program.
In addition, DOJ's Environmental and Natural Resources Division (ENRD) supports brownfield
activities in two ways. First, one of ENRD's primary responsibilities is to enforce federal civil and
criminal environmental laws. Second, ENRD negotiates innovative settlement approaches that include
the use of supplemental environmental projects, known as SEPs. Under a SEP agreement, violators can
agree to perform projects of direct benefit to the are or community affected by their non-compliance; in a
few instances, this has involved contributions to brownfield cleanup and redevelopment.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Community Capacity Development Office. In March 2004, DOJ launched the Community
Capacity Development Office (CCDO) in its Office of Justice Programs to assist communities
nationwide in preventing crime, increasing community safety, and revitalizing neighborhoods. The new
office incorporated the Weed and Seed initiative, a community-driven strategic planning process that has
had a positive impact on many communities, as federal and local law enforcement agencies join forces,
share resources, set common goals, partner with community groups, and work together to address
troubled areas in neighborhoods. Weed and Seed's law enforcement and community policing elements
make up the "weed" portion, while the prevention, intervention, treatment, and neighborhood restoration
elements comprise the "seeds." It is the program's seed portion that may indirectly affect redevelopment
by promoting revitalization activities in distressed areas where brownfields are located.
Communities already in the Weed and Seed program that are seeking continued funding are
eligible for funding designated for brownfield activities. The 2004 CCDO Program Guide and
Application Kit: Continuation Sites, explains the interrelationship between a community's Weed and
Seed strategy and EPA's brownfields program. Weed and Seed is committed to helping communities
revitalize brownfields and may provide funding through its Brownfields Special Emphasis Initiative.
Once a Weed and Seed community has unsuccessfully sought funding from existing brownfield
programs, such as those at U.S. EPA, it may apply to use up to $50,000 in Weed and Seed funds to
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 41 September 2004
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support brownfield initiative for a site in the designated Weed and Seed area. Examples of how this
funding may be used include:
education and outreach to inform and involve citizens and businesses;
building partnerships and outreach among stakeholders;
community involvement or environmental justice planning;
reuse planning, assessment, and evaluation;
renovating existing facilities;
cleanup or other response activities associated with cleanup;
fostering local job development and training initiatives; and
assisting not-for-profit entities in economic development projects.
Weed and Seed funding may not be used to acquire property or for construction that is not
related to eligible cleanup activities.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
Weed and Seed has been incorporated into local brownfield programs with grants of up to
$50,000 that offer flexible funding for use in brownfields activities at the discretion of sites. DOJ has
also committed to using settlements and assets to assist with brownfields redevelopment, and exploring
how it could assist with the use of brownfields funds to clean up methamphetamine labs, an activity made
eligible for EPA funding under the 2002 Brownfields Revitalization Act.
Contacts
Karen Wardzinski
U.S. Department of Justice
P.O. Box 4390
Washington, DC 20044-4390
(202) 514-0474
Fax:(202)514-4231
karen.wardzinski@usdoj.gov
Community Relations Service
http://www.usdoj.gov/crs/index.html
Sharee M. Freeman, Director
Stephen Thorn, Deputy Director
Director, Community Relations Service
U.S. Department of Justice
600 E Street, NW, Suite 6000
Washington, D.C. 20530
Telephone: (202) 305-2935
Fax: (202) 305-3009
http ://www.ojp.usdoj .gov/ccdo/funding.htm
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U.S. Department of Labor
http://www.doleta.gov
Brownfield Link
Q Offers technical assistance linked to job training and workforce development in brownfield
Showcase Communities - targeted to state and local governments
THINK AsouT,,,using training and workforce development services as a cashflow offset incentive to
companies locating at brownfield sites
While the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) does not have a brownfield initiative, its mission
complements local redevelopment efforts, which require workers who are trained and skilled to handle
environmental cleanup and sustainable redevelopment of brownfield properties.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Job Training and Technical Assistance. DOL will provide job training expertise and help
coordinate Workforce Investment Act (WIA) programs in brownfield communities. Technical assistance
available to brownfield Showcase Communities. State or local governments interested in this support
should contact the department's Employment and Training Administration's (ETA) relevant regional
administrator; contact information can be found at http://www.doleta/regions/regoffices.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
DOL intends to support brownfield efforts through its existing mission to provide job training,
job placement, and other workforce development services. To this end, the agency commits to
encouraging state and local Workforce Investment Boards to consider using WIA training funds for local
brownfields projects. In addition, ETA's Office of Apprenticeship, Employer and Labor Services is
working to develop competency standards and skill set credential certifications that will ensure that
training is institutionalized to meet industry specifications in the brownfields arena.
In August, 2003, DOL issued a training and employment notice to all state workforce agencies
and liaisons on potential collaboration with EPA on brownfield economic development. The notice
focused on anticipated funding for brownfield assessment grantees and worker training grants, for which
Workforce Investment Boards serving areas around brownfield sites were encouraged to apply. The
notice emphasized that: "Through coordination with the local agency in charge of these brownfield sites.
. . Local Workforce Investment Boards and One-Stop Career Centers can help to assure that local
workers are qualified for these jobs when the project begins....Another benefit to this type of
collaboration or partnership," the notice continues, "is that the Local Workforce Investment Board or
One-Stop Career Center is involved with planning officials at the earliest stages of site planning. This
will allow workforce professionals at the local level to be involved in the planning of job readiness needs
for the next use of the site once it has been cleaned up. This will enhance their ability to provide needed
services to the businesses, industries or agencies that will become the next tenants of these properties."
Contact
Maria K. Flynn
202/693-3700
flynn.maria@dol.gov
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U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration
http://www.fta.dot.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides grants for transit capital and maintenance projects - targeted to public transit agencies in
urban and nonurban areas
Q Offers discretionary capital grants for new fixed guideway transit lines, bus-related facilities, and
new buses and rail vehicles - targeted to public transit agencies, primarily in larger metropolitan
areas
Q Funds transportation and land-use planning - targeted to metropolitan planning organizations,
through the states
Q Promotes delivery of safe and effective public and private transportation in non-urban areas -
targeted to non-urban local governments, through the states
THINK ABOUT...enhancing site marketability with transit access...planning for and cleaning up sites
used for transportation purposes...identifying brownfield sites for stations, lots, and other transit
purposes
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) provides financial and technical assistance to local
public transit agencies. Since most brownfields are located in high-density, urbanized, and industrial
areas where transit is usually a viable transportation option, FTA programs can play a role in local
redevelopment efforts. Connecting the redevelopment site into the regional transit network can expand
its potential uses and improve its marketability.
The Department of Transportation's brownfield policy (April 1998) provides that "states,
localities, and transit agencies are provided the flexibility to participate, where appropriate, in
transportation projects that include the reuse of brownfield sites." The department also declared that
transportation funds may be used to advance brownfield redevelopment activities, provided that the
funded activity is directly related to a transportation project. While the policy does not target financing
toward brownfields, funding for cleanup is available through the federal transit program, as long as the
cleanup is a necessary part of a transit project.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Urbanized Area Formula Grants. These grants provide capital assistance to transit agencies in
urban areas with populations of 50,000 people or more. The required matching ratio is 80 percent federal
share and 20 percent local share. Congress appropriates roughly $3 billion annually for this program.
Non-Urbanized Area Formula Grants. These grants provide capital and operating assistance
through the states to transit operators in non-urban areas with populations of less than 50,000 people.
Under this program, a state must use a percentage (5-15 percent) of the funds it receives for inter-city bus
service unless the state can certify that its intercity bus needs have been met. Congress appropriates
roughly $200 million annually for this program.
Discretionary Capital Program. This program provides discretionary capital assistance for
construction of new fixed guideway systems, extensions to fixed guideway systems, modernization of
older fixed guideway systems, buses, and bus-related facilities. Congress appropriates roughly $2.5
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 44 September 2004
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billion annually for this program of which approximately 40 percent goes to new fixed guideway
projects, 40 percent to modernization of older fixed guideways, and 20 percent to buses and bus
facilities.
Metropolitan Planning Program (Section 5303). These funds are apportioned to each state on
the basis of urban area population. The states pass the funds through to about 350 metropolitan planning
organizations (MPOs) in urban areas with populations of over 50,000. The supported planning processes
encompass studies of transportation needs and demands, land use, economic, employment and
demographic trends, and the cost effectiveness of alternative services and facilities. These studies
support the development of a long-range, multimodal transportation plan for the metropolitan region and
a short range Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) for funding the projects of highest priority in
the plan. To be eligible for FTA funding, a transportation project must be included in the metropolitan
transportation plan and TIP. Congress appropriates about $50 million annually for metropolitan planning
through the FTA program. The metropolitan planning function is also supported financially by the
Federal Highway Administration.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
FTA is considering ways to address brownfields within the context of its transportation mission.
DOT has committed to encouraging communication and information exchange at the regional level
among field staff. To this end, FTA will share best practices and offer technical assistance and training
to MPOs, along with states and local governments. The agency will also expand existing guidance on
state and local transportation agency and MPO consideration of brownfield redevelopment as part of
transportation planning.
Contacts
Carol Braegelmann
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration, TPE-30
400 7th Street, SW, Room 9413
Washington, DC 20590
(202)366-1701
Fax: (202) 493-2478
carol.braegelmann@fta.dot.gov
Urbanized Area Formula Grants
http://www.fta.dot.gov/library/legal/factsp 1 .htm
Ken Johnson
Office of Program Management
(202) 366-1659
Non-Urbanized Area Formula Grants
http://www.fta.dot.gov/library/legal/factsp3.htm
Lorna Wilson
Office of Program Management
(202) 366-0893
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Contacts (continued)
Discretionary Capital Program (Section 5309)
http://www.fta.dot.gov/library/policy/circ9300/9300.html
Joyce Larkins
Office of Resource Management and State Programs
(202) 366-1660
Metropolitan Planning Program (Section 5303)
Charles Goodman
Office of Planning and Environment
(202) 366-1944
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U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
http: //www.f hwa. dot. gov
Brownfield Links
Q Provides funds that can be used to support eligible roadway projects related to brownfield
redevelopment - targeted to state and local governments and metropolitan planning organizations
Q Highway funds can be used for transit projects that reduce congestion - targeted to state governments
Q Transportation enhancement programs for various activities, ranging from bike ways to acquisition of
scenic easements - targeted to state and local governments
Q Funds transportation projects that reduce air emissions - targeted to state and local governments and
metropolitan planning organizations
THINK AsouT,,,using FHWA resources to cover some cleanup,planning and/or development costs,
freeing up resources for other purposes...reconflguring or modernizing roads or other transportation
infrastructure to make them more complementary to site reuse opportunities...or to provide
transportation related access or amenities that enhance site value
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) helps fund the construction of Interstate highways
and other roads. Typical projects financed under the Federal-Aid Highway Program include, road
widening and reconstruction; new construction of roads and transportation centers, intermodal facilities
and recreational trails; access improvements; bridge replacement or rehabilitation; and bicycle/pedestrian
facilities.
DOT's brownfield policy (April 1998) provides that "states, localities, and transit agencies are
provided the flexibility to participate where appropriate, in transportation projects that include the reuse
of brownfield sites." The department also declared that transportation funds might be used to advance
brownfield redevelopment activities, provided that the funded activity is directly related to a
transportation project. While the new policy does not specifically target financing toward brownfields,
funding for cleanups is available through FHWA programs, as long as the cleanup is a necessary part of
an approved transportation project.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Transportation and Community and System Preservation Pilot Program (TCSP). Section
1221 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) established the Transportation and
Community and System Preservation Pilot Program (TCSP). TCSP provides funding that "can be used to
examine transportation strategies that relate to brownfields redevelopment, such as planning access to
redeveloped brownfield sites, upgrading existing urban transportation systems, and connecting local
community members to new brownfield-related jobs." Recent projects include preparation of intermodal
freight infrastructure to support brownfield redevelopment in northern New Jersey, and transportation
and land use planning for the redevelopment of a former tooling and machining site in Dayton, Ohio.
States, local governments, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), and tribal governments
are eligible for TCSP grants. The program is authorized at $120 million annually, but in recent years,
Congress has earmarked all funding to specific projects. TCSP funding supports projects that improve
the efficiency of the transportation system; reduce environmental impacts of transportation; reduce the
need for costly future public infrastructure investments; ensure efficient access to jobs, services and
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 47 September 2004
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centers of trade, and examine development patterns and identify strategies to encourage private sector
development patterns which achieve these goals.
Surface Transportation Program. FHWA funds may be used either for highway or transit at
the discretion of state and local officials. Highway funds also may be used for transit projects that reduce
congestion and improve air quality. FHWA allocates STP funds to states through a
legislatively-determined formula.
Transportation Planning. FHWA helps metropolitan planning organizations develop
long-range transportation plans that consider changes in future population and traffic patterns, as well as
predict the economic and infrastructure changes needed to support these changes.
Transportation Enhancement Transportation enhancement efforts support facilities for
pedestrians and bicycles, historic rehabilitation and preservation, landscaping, archeological planning
and research, control and removal of outdoor advertising, acquisition of scenic easements and sites, and
mitigation of water pollution from highway runoff.
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ). Through CMAQ,
FHWA funds eligible transportation projects, giving preference to programs with documented emission
reductions from a transportation control measure.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
FHWA is exploring ways to address brownfields within the context of its highway transportation
mission. DOT has committed to encouraging communication and information exchange at the regional
level among field staff, and partnership links among transportation agencies and environmental, state,
local, and private sector partners involved in brownfield redevelopment.
Contacts
Constance Hill
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Natural Environment (HEPN)
400 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20590
(804) 775-3378
Fax: (804) 775-3356
connie.hill@fhwa.dot.gov
Fred Bank
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Natural Environment (HEPN)
400 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20590
(202) 366-5004
(202) 366-3409
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 48 September 2004
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Program Contacts
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Planning (HEPP)
400 7th St SW
Washington DC 20590
Phone: 202-366-0106
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ)
http ://www. fhwa. dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs.htm
Transportation and Community and System Preservation Pilot Program
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tcsp/index.html
Transportation Enhancements
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/te/index.html
Transportation Planning
http ://www. fhwa. dot.gov/planning/index.htm
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 49 September 2004
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U.S. Department of Treasury
Oversight of various tax incentives
http://www.ustreas.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Offers tax incentives to leverage private investment in brownfield cleanup and redevelopment -
targeted to private sector entities
Q Offers tax incentives to attract private investment in activities like building rehabilitation, that could
play a key role in a brownfield strategy targeted to private sector entities
Q Provides financing tools and incentives to stimulate private-sector investment in blighted
communities - targeted to private sector entities
Q Provides guidance and facilitates partnerships for community reinvestment - targeted to federally
chartered commercial banks; bank examiners; and private sector entities
THINK ABOUT...promoting the cashflow advantages of tax incentives...promoting the financial and
public relations advantages of participating in brownfield redevelopment to lenders...tapping into
programs to expand capital access for small businesses that could locate at a brownfield site
The Department of the Treasury became more active on redevelopment issues with the 1997
passage of a brownfield tax incentive. It joined a number of incentives in place that can help stimulate
investment by the private sector in communities with brownfields.
Currently, several tax code-based incentives monitored and overseen by Treasury can have an
important impact on brownfield cleanup and reuse efforts. These include:
brownfields expensing tax incentive;
rehabilitation tax credits;
industrial development bonds;
low-income housing tax credits;
Community Development Financial Institution Fund (CDFI); and the
New Markets Tax Credit program;
In addition, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has established a Community
Development Division, which advises the Comptroller on various community development activities that
banks can participate in and influence. This Division can be a useful initial contact for parties interesting
in exploring private brownfield financing strategies.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Brownfields Tax Incentive. Starting on January 1, 1998, taxpayers became able to fully deduct
environmental cleanup costs in the year they incurred them, rather than having to capitalize them over
time. The brownfield tax expensing incentive. This is the only federal financing tool directly and solely
targeted to private owners of contaminated sites. Specifically, the authorizing statute provides that "a
taxpayer may elect to treat any qualified environmental remediation expenditure which is paid or
incurred by the taxpayer as an expense which is not chargeable to capital account. Any expenditure
which is so treated shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year in which it is paid or incurred." In
other words, taxpayers can deduct environmental cleanup costs
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 50 September 2004
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Site owners need to get sign-off from their state that they do in fact have a brownfield, but
participation in the voluntary cleanup program is enough to satisfy that requirement, and there are other
ways to satisfy it as well. Costs eligible for expensing include site assessment and cleanup costs,
monitoring costs, operations and maintenance costs, and state program oversight fees.
This incentive expired on December 31,2003. However, several legislative proposals have been
advanced to both extend the provision, to at least the end of 2005, and broaden its applicability to any
brownfield site - including petroleum contaminated properties.
Rehabilitation Tax Credits. Rehabilitation tax credits were adopted by Congress to discourage
the unnecessary demolition of sound older buildings and to slow the loss or relocation of businesses from
older urban areas. Across the country, the credits have helped attract redevelopment capital into all types
of projects in blighted and ignored areas not ordinarily considered for investment. This incentive offers
to investors a credit against their total income, which is taken for the year in which the renovated
building is put into service. Rehabilitation of income producing certified historic structures qualifies for
a credit equal to 20 percent of the costs of the work; rehabilitation work on non-historic structures built
before 1936 qualifies for 10 percent. Most reconstruction work is eligible for the credit.
The rehabilitation tax credit is well-suited for packaging with other economic development grant
and loan programs; it can be an ideal complement to a brownfield redevelopment initiative in an older
industrial area. According to data compiled by the National Park Service, about half of all projects
claiming rehabilitation incentives also tied other public-development programs into their financing
packages. Property tax abatements and low-interest loans are the most commonly used companion
incentives
Industrial Development Bonds. Tax-exempt, private activity industrial development bonds
(IDBs) are issued by a range of cities, public agencies, development authorities, and similar entities in
virtually every state. The Treasury Department defines a state-wide volume cap on bond issuances each
year the greater of $50 per capita or $200 million. Companies and local jurisdictions favor IDBs as a
source of financing since the interest they bear is not taxable, which reduces the yield that investors
demand, which lowers a project's cost of capital. They are commonly used as part of an area-wide
revitalization strategy.
Since IDBs are targeted to manufacturing projects, they can play an important part in certain
types of site reuse projects or a business retention strategy aimed at existing industrial areas. The issuing
authority process allows jurisdictions to channel more affordable investment capital, if they so choose, to
certain locations and for specific types of projects. IDE proceeds help private companies acquire
buildings, equipment, and other components needed for an industrial project, and they have been used to
help pay for cleanup as part of site development in a few cases this is really an emerging use. In legal
parlance, they are "revenue bonds." In other words, the company is responsible for repaying the debt.
These bonds are payable from and secured by the revenues of the projects they finance; if the company
defaults, the bondholders, and not the local taxpayers, absorb the loss.
The popularity of IDBs stems from their versatility as a development finance tool. Issuing
agencies or authorities have numerous options for structuring an IDE; they can be issued for long or short
terms, and can carry a fixed interest rate or a floating one typically one quarter to one third less than
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 51 September 2004
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the prime borrowing rate. From a local development perspective, IDBs have the advantage of giving
small and inexperienced business borrowers access to securities markets.
Low-income housing tax credits. Low-income housing tax credits (LIHTCs), created in 1986,
may be used as part of a project financing package if affordable rental housing is included as part of a
community's revitalization strategy. These credits are intended to ensure an attractive minimum rate of
return on this type of housing investment. LIHTC authority is given to each state on a per capita formula,
and the state can issues LIHTC tax-exempt bonds up that level to attract investment capital into this type
of housing. They have been successfully used in many states as part of mixed-income housing
developments, sometimes as infill projects.
Community Development Financial Institution Fund (CDFI). The Treasury's CDFI Fund can
enhance brownfield redevelopment activities. Intended to "promote economic revitalization and
development in distressed urban and rural communities throughout the United States," the fund increases
accessibility to investment capital by providing the private sector with leverage capability and strategic
investments. CDFI is designed to stimulate private-sector investment in the nation's blighted
communities, many of which include brownfield properties. The CDFI mission is carried out through
three programs:
The CDFI basic program promotes economic and community revitalization by providing an array of
innovative financing tools to private-sector financial institutions that will help strengthen lending
capabilities. Since 1996, the CDFI Fund has made more than $200 million available to institutions;
The Band Enterprise Award program provides financial incentives to traditional financial
institutions, such as regulated banks and thrifts. These incentives are intended to encourage
investment in and lending to community redevelopment projects in blighted communities. The BEA
Program has awarded $30 million to these institutions; and
The Presidential Awards for Excellence in Microenterprise Development encourages innovative
advancements in microenterprise development in depressed communities by presenting non-monetary
awards in recognition of the best practices in the field.
New Markets Tax Credit Program. The goal of the New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC)
program is to stimulate $15 billion worth of private equity investment in distressed areas, to bring new
jobs, physical revitalization, and ownership opportunities to low-income communities. The NMTC
program permits taxpayers to receive a credit against federal income taxes for making qualified
investments in designated "Community Development Entities" (or CDEs), which in turn must make
investments in businesses in low income communities. The credit to investors totals 39 percent of the
cost of the investment and is claimed over a seven-year period.
The NMTC effort has gotten off to a slow start. To date, more than 1000 organizations have
received CDE status, but less than 100 have received tax credit allocations. Most of these plan to focus
on real estate development and financial counseling; several cited meeting brownfield needs in their
applications.
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Community Development Division. The
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) supervises nearly 3,600 federally-chartered commercial
banks, which account for approximately 60 percent of the assets of the commercial banking system.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 52 September 2004
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OCC has been proactive in providing guidance to these lending institutions on involvement with
brownfields, for example through publications such as its Commercial Real Estate and Construction
Lending Handbook. The Community Development Division advises the Comptroller on policy matters
involving community development activities of national banks, including welfare investment requests,
and it provides bankers with education and guidance on community economic development issues
permissible under the National Bank Act.
OCC also has a community reinvestment and development specialist program that facilitates
partnerships; provides technical assistance for banks and their community partners; and encourages
investment, lending, and services to low- and moderate-income individuals and small businesses. Two
specialists are in each of the OCC's six geographic districts who have experience in affordable housing,
advocacy, community and economic development, small business lending, and bank examination. They
provide training and advice to national banks, communities, and bank examiners regarding best practices,
options for satisfying CRA responsibilities, and expanding access to credit and capital. The Community
Development Division's web site is http://www.occ.treas.gov/cdd/contacts.htm.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
Tax incentives are playing a key role in attracting flexible investment capital to meet the varied
needs of brownfield sites. Many of these incentives are well suited for packaging with state and local tax
incentives, as well as grant and loan programs.
Contacts
U.S. Department of Treasury
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Community Development Division
250 E Street, SW
Washington, DC 20219
(202) 874-4940 Fax: (202) 874-5566
Community Development Financial Institutions Fund/New Markets Tax Credits
60113th Street NW, Suite 200 South
Washington, DC 20005
Tel: (202) 622-8662
Fax: (202) 622-7754
CDFI
http://www.occ.treas.gov/cdd/cdresourcedir.htm
For information and technical assistance on community development lending and investments, including
the special investment authority provided under "part 24", contact:
Barry Wides, Director, Community Development
Karen Bellesi, Manager, Community Development Investments
William Reeves, Manager, Community Development Lending
Telephone: (202) 874-4930
Fax: (202) 874-5566
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 53 September 2004
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Contacts (continued)
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Community Development Division
http://www.occ.treas.gov/cdd/contacts.htm
http://www.occ.treas.gov/cdd/commfoc.htm
For information on historic rehabilitation tax credits, contact the State Historic Preservation Office
(SHPO) in the state where the project is being undertaken, or the National Park Service at:
http://www2.cr.nps.gov/tps/tax/incentives/index.htm
For information on industrial development bond allocations, contact the state financial officer or state
treasurer's office in the state where the project is being undertaken.
For information on low income housing tax credit allocations, contact the state housing finance agency or
state treasurer's office in the state where the project is being undertaken
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 54 September 2004
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
http ://www.fdic.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Ensures equal access to credit - targeted to all brownfield community stakeholders
Q Promotes public-private partnerships and identifies local credit needs - targeted to local
governments; bankers; community-based organizations; and businesses
Q Sponsors seminars on community reinvestment and fair lending laws - targeted to bankers and
consumers
Q Provides a web site on FDIC-owned, potentially contaminated properties - targeted to all brownfield
community stakeholders
THINK AsouT,,,using FDIC to provide brownfield credibility to prospective lenders,,,linking
prospective developers with potential sites..providing lenders with technical assistance and
information on brownfield financing
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) tries to maintain stability within the nation's
insured depository banking and savings associations. It works with other federal and state regulatory
agencies to identify potential threats to the deposit insurance funds, and it makes information and
analysis available to promote sound financial and economic decision making. Several FDIC initiatives
impact financing for brownfield redevelopment efforts.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Community Affairs Program. This initiative, created in 1990 to comply with the Community
Reinvestment Act and the fair lending laws by FDIC-supervised institutions, helps to ensure equal access
to credit, works with lenders and the public to revitalize communities, and serves as an intermediary to
further fair lending objectives.
Partnership Promotion and Support Services. The FDIC meets regularly with bankers,
community organizations, small businesses, and local government leaders to promote partnerships among
public and private organizations, to identify local credit needs, and to develop strategies to meet those
needs. In addition, the FDIC sponsors and conducts conferences and seminars to help educate bankers
and consumers about the Community Reinvestment Act and other fair lending laws and regulations.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
FDIC has taken an educational role in its brownfield related efforts, sharing information about
EPA brownfield programs with financial institutions. In particular, those lenders that make loans to
borrowers to finance environmental cleanups or redevelopment on properties located in low- or
moderate-income communities receive positive consideration for those loans in their Community
Reinvestment Act performance evaluations - a little recognized aspect of federal banking regulations.
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 55 September 2004
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Contacts
Consumer Affairs Program
http://www.fdic.gov/consumers/consumer/affairs/index.html
(800) 934-3342, (202) 942-3100
Community Affairs Program
http://www.fdic.gov/consumers/community/program.html
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Federal Housing Finance Board
http://www.fhfb.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Funds community-oriented mortgage lending for targeted economic development - targeted to banks,
for a variety of site users
Q Encourages banks to engage in new types of lending to meet housing and economic development
needs - targeted to banks
Q Subsidizes interest rates and loans to increase the supply of affordable housing - targeted to banks
Q Funds the purchase of taxable and tax-exempt bonds to support redevelopment - targeted to banks
THINK AsouT,,,using FHFB to attract more lenders to specific brownfieldprojects
The Federal Housing Finance Board (FHFB), founded as an independent agency in 1989, ensures
the integrity of the Federal Home Loan Bank System and ensures that resources are available for home
financing and commercial and economic development activities. The system is divided into 12 district
banks, which are government-chartered, member-owned corporations. These district banks provide
long-term loans to its member financial institutions, which then advance these loans to individuals or
entities in the community for residential mortgages and economic development activities, including
brownfield redevelopment projects. The district banks provide their members with a variety of loan
programs that address housing and development needs.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Community Investment Program. This loan program provides funding for housing and
economic development activities in distressed neighborhoods. It has been used by member institutions to
finance brownfield redevelopment projects. The program supports community-oriented mortgage
lending that can be used to target commercial and economic development projects in
economically-disadvantaged neighborhoods that include brownfield sites. Individual Home Loan Banks
provide program funds to member institutions and set loan interest rates. Since 1990, the Federal Home
Loan Banks have advanced more than $1.4 billion for such commercial and economic development
projects. Many recipients use these monies in conjunction with additional funding provided through
other federal agencies, such as the Small Business Administration.
Housing Credit and Economic Development Regulations. The Community Investment Cash
Advance Programs (CICA) and the Federal Home Loan Bank Standby Letters of Credit (LOG) are
regulations intended to address unmet housing credit and economic development needs. Both encourage
banks to engage in new types of lending, including activities that otherwise are available for
consideration under the Brownfields Tax Credit Program. The Federal Housing Finance Board
anticipates the regulations will reduce costs associated with contaminated properties and aid in their
resale.
Cash Investment Advance Programs (CICA). The CICA regulation seeks to attract long-term
financing for economic development in urban and rural areas not presently being addressed. The rule
specifically provides that economic development projects include property eligible for a federal
brownfield tax incentive.
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Federal Home Loan Bank Standby Letters of Credit (LOC). The LOG regulation provides
the Federal Home Loan Banks with additional flexibility to use letters of credit for economic
development projects that include brownfield redevelopment.
Affordable Housing Program (AHP). The AHP subsidizes the interest rates for advances
(loans) and provides direct subsidies to member institutions of the Federal Home Loan Bank System
engaged in lending for long-term, very-low, low, and moderate-income, owner-occupied, and affordable
rental housing. The program encourages member institutions to undertake creative efforts that increase
the supply of affordable housing.
Support for Local Financing. The Federal Home Loan Banks purchase qualified taxable
bonds, the proceeds of which can be used for brownfield development in selected communities. The
banks can offer advances to member institutions to buy tax-exempt bonds to fund eligible costs involved
in brownfield reuse projects.
BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
Federal Home Loan banks provide financing at favorable terms to their financial institution
members for use in housing and community development projects, including those on brownfields.
Contact
Charles McLean
Office of Communications
Federal Housing Finance Board
1777 F Street, NW
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 408-2537
Fax:(202)408-2915
mcleanc@fhfb.gov
CICA Programs for affordable housing:
http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/FHLBP_housing.htm
CICA Programs for economic development:
http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/FHLBP_economic_intro .htm
Federal Home Loan Bank Programs, letters of credit:
http://www.fhfb.gov/fhlb/fhlbp_loc_targeted.htm
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General Services Administration
http://www.bri.gsa.gov/brownfields
Environmental Programs Overview:
http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?content!d=12789&contentType=
GSA OVERVIEW
BROWNFIELD LINK
Q Works with local communities to determine how underused or surplus federal properties can support
revitalization - targeted to all brownfield community stakeholders
THINK ABOUT,,, incorporating former federal facilities into larger projects, to take advantage of site
assessment resources
As landlord and real estate agent for the federal government, the General Services
Administration (GSA) understands that property plays an important role in creating livable communities.
Federal property can serve as a catalyst for urban revitalization when reused by localities to provide jobs,
contribute to the local tax base, or preserve greenspace. With thousands of federal properties located
throughout the country, GSA is partnering with communities to carry out a Brownfield Redevelopment
Initiative, which targets underused federal properties that can be redeveloped to maximize local
revitalization opportunities. In addition, GSA works to expedite federal property reuse, using tools such
as early transfer authority, fixed price cleanups, and land use controls.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Community Involvement. Within each of its brownfields project locations, GSA works with
state and local planners, economic development officials, and community groups to effectively match
underused federal property holdings with local revitalization objectives. Through an exchange of
information, communities become aware of the location of federal land holdings within their localities
and have a better understanding of the process involved in acquiring underutilized federal property. In
turn, GSA, guided by local objectives, is able to focus and prioritize the disposal of underutilized real
property. In 1997, GSA launched the Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative to identify and redeploy
underutilized federal properties.
Partnering. In order to support the revitalization activities of communities, GSA has formed a
National Brownfields Team comprised of key individuals from its regional Property Disposal offices.
With local experience and insight, regional staff have a thorough working knowledge of the underused
federal land holdings in each locality. GSA's regional representatives also understand issues that impact
communities such as economic development, housing, and transportation. In addition, GSA's National
Brownfields Team coordinates with state and federal representatives to ensure that the identification of
underutilized federal properties incorporates the latest state and federal revitalization initiatives. GSA
integrates this information using a geographic information system (GIS) that allows GSA to consider
diverse community revitalization issues, helping to focus its identification and analysis of underutilized
property holdings.
BROWNFIELDS PARTNERSHIP ROLE
GSA reviews and identifies underused federal properties that are potentially available for
brownfields redevelopment. Brownfields transactions are primarily real estate deals - and in the case of
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available federal properties, GSA can serve as the "honest broker" in these transactions, bringing the
right resources and people to the table to get the deal done. To carry out this role, GSA will:
Develop a tool kit to help foster the partnerships necessary to successfully "seal the deal" in a
brownfields transaction;
Educate potential federal property developers on the federal real property disposal process and to
assist in their efforts to reuse federal brownfields; and
Coordinate a campaign to educate states and communities engaged in brownfields revitalization
about innovative disposal methods, such as Early Transfer Authority (ETA) and the privatization of
remediation.
Contact
John Q. Martin
General Services Administration
Office of Property Disposal
GSA Building
18th and F Streets NW, Room 4340
Washington, DC 20405
(202) 501-4671
Fax: (202)501-2520
johnq.martin@gsa.gov
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Small Business Administration
http://www.sba.gov
BROWNFIELD LINKS
Q Provides information and other nonfinancial technical assistance for redevelopment efforts -
targeted to small businesses served via many SBA programs
Q Offers loan guarantees to support small businesses - targeted to small businesses through lending
institutions and certified development corporations
Q Assists in developing management and marketing skills - targeted to small businesses
THINK ABOUT...using loan guarantees to attract capital to small businesses once sites are clean...using
CDCs to help underwrite and finance building expansions or renovations...using informational
resources available to help with loan documentation and packaging.
The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) has offices in every state that provide financing,
training, and counseling for small businesses. To be eligible for assistance, the SBA requires that a small
business be independently owned and operated, not dominant within its field, and meet certain size
standards and other eligibility requirements.
SBA programs do not specifically target brownfields - and in fact SBA policy states that the
agency is not to participate in a project until cleanup and liability relief have been achieved. SBA is very
sensitive about appearing to encourage what might be viewed as less-than-sound banking practices.
However, the agency has stated that its programs may be used by small businesses for projects that affect
redevelopment initiatives, provided that the small business meet SBA criteria for the particular loan
program being pursued and obtain satisfactory protection from environmental risk through
indemnification agreements or other measures.
RESOURCES USEFUL TO BROWNFIELD EFFORTS
Section 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program. This program aims to increase the amount of capital
available to small businesses that would not otherwise be able to obtain financing through the
commercial banking community and non-bank lending institutions. In fiscal 2004, $11 billion in
guaranteed authority was available for general business guarantees through the Section 7(a) program. In
addition, SBA has adopted a "Low Doc" (low documentation) approach to Section 7(a) loan guarantees
to encourage more lenders to handle smaller SBA-backed loans of less than $150,000. The program
features a 2-page application and a rapid response from SBA - often in just a few days.
Section 504 Certified Development Company (CDC) Program. The Section 504 program
helps small businesses finance acquisition of land, buildings, and machinery, as well as construction,
renovation, and expansion of existing facilities. The program is operated through nearly 300
SBA-licensed CDCs nationwide, which perform credit analyses, recommend loan approvals, and close
and service the loans they initiate. The CDCs sell debentures to support up to 40 percent of the project
costs, as a type of second mortgage financing, while private lenders provide at least 50 percent (and take
a first mortgage position). The remaining 10 percent comes either from the facility owners, or through
public sector participation; many communities have used their HUD Community Development Block
Grant funds for this purpose. The typical Section 504-supported loan is about $300,000.
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BROWNFIELD PARTNERSHIP ROLE
SBA programs are available and relevant to small businesses in brownfields communities, and
making SBA's District Offices and other resource partners aware of this brownfields partnership is an
important SBA role. To this end, SBA commits to disseminating brownfields related information to
SBA's District Offices and to all SBA technical assistance providers, such as the Small Business
Development Centers, Women's Business Centers, and SCORE, about:
New Superfund liability exemptions, based on the new Small Business Liability Relief and
Brownfields Revitalization Act (PL 107-118); and
The benefits of brownfields reuse and EPA brownfields program grant availability.
Contact
Rachel Newman-Karton
Small Business Administration
409 3rd Street, NW
8th Floor
Washington, DC 20416
(202)619-1816
Fax: (202) 205-7727
Rachel.Newman-Karton@sba.gov
Certified Development Company Program
http://www.sba.gov/financing/sbaloan/cdc504.html
7(a) Program
http://www.sba.gov/financing/sbaloan/7a.html
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United States Office of Solid Waste EPA-560-F-04-251
Environmental Protection and Emergency Response September 2004
Agency www.epa.gov/brownfields/
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