EPA-45$4/B-92-011
October 1992
CROSSWALK/AIR TOXIC EMISSION FACTOR (XATEF)
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USER'S MANUAL
VERSION 2.0
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office Of Air and Radiation
Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been
approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
1PA 4504/B-92-011
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TABU; OF CONTENTS
Section gage
Disclaimer ii
List of Tables iv
List of Figures . ,....; v
Definition of Terms vi
Executive Summary vii
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1-1
1.1 Purpose of Document 1-1
1.2 Background ....... 1-1
1.3 System Description 1-5
1.4 Use of Emission Factors in the Database 1-6
1.5 Changes in XATEF for 1992 and Plans for the Future ... 1-11
2.0 SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND OPERATION 2-1
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 Loading XATEF 2.0 On Your Computer 2-2
2.3 XATEF 2,0 Computer Screens 2-3
2.4 The XATEF 2.0 Main Menu 2-4
2.5 The XATSF 2.0 Browse Menu Option 2-6
2.5.1 Browsing the Database ........ 2-6
2.5.2 Selecting Data 2-7
2.5.3 Working with the Filtered Emission
. Factor Database 2-11
2.5.4 Filter Logic 2-14
2,6 Reporting Your XAfEF 2.0 Results . 2-14
2.6.1 The Standard Report Henu Option 2-15
2.6.2 The Ad Hoc Report Menu Option 2-18
2.7 Using the Help Menu . 2-20
2.8 Using Tools 2-22
APPENDIX A: List of Command Keystrokes for Using XATEF 2.0
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1-1 List of the Twelve GARB Pooled Source Test Reports Evaluated
for Use in the 1992 XATEF Update 1-4
1-2 Description of New Information Fields in XATEF 2.0 1-10
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LIST OP FIGURES
Figure . Page
2-1 The Main Menu , 2-5
2-2 The Database Browse Screen 2-7
2-3 The SGC Filter Screen . . . . : 2-9
2-4 The File Save Inset Screen 2-13
2-5 The Standard Report Screen 2-15
2-6 Example Reference Report 2-16
2-7 Example Standard Report 2-17
2-8 The Report Ftle Output Screen '..,..... 2-18
2-9 The Ad Hoc Report Screen 2-19
2-10 Example Ad Hoc Report ....... 2-21
2-11 XATEF Main Menu Help Option . . 2-21
2-12 Help Text Window 2-22
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
ASCII
ASCII file
Button
CAS Number
DBMS
DOS
EF
EPA
Filter
GUI
KB
List Box
MB
House
PC
Pol
PRC
Process
Radio Button
1AM
sec
SIC Code
Source
SRC
Window
XATIF
American Standard Coding for Information Interchange.
A readable DOS text file format.
A GUI construct which causes an action when selected.
Chemical Abstracts Services Number.
Database Management System.
Disk Operating System.
Emission Factor,
The United States Environmental Protection Agency.
A computer database programming technique which causes the
database to appear to only contain data which matches a
user-supplied criterion.
Graphical User Interface.
Kilobyte (1,024 bytes).
A GUI construct for displaying a list of items for
selection.
Megabyte (1,048,576 bytes).
A computer pointing device for making selections from the
computer screen.
Personal Computer.
Pollutant,
Process.
Industrial Process associated with an emission factor.
A GUI construct for selecting among mutually exclusive
options.
Random-Aceess Memory,
Source Classification Code.
Standard Industrial Classification Code.
Emission source associated with an emission factor.
Source.
A GUI construct which organizes related information into
overlaying rectangular panels.
Crosswalk/Air Toxic Emission Factor.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This document contains the system user's manual for the 1992 update of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Crosswalk/Air Toxics Emission
Factor (XATEF) Database Management System (DBMS). The 1992 release of XATEF
is designated as Version 2.0. The 1992 update of XATEF was produced by Radian
Corporation under contract to EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS). All work was performed under EPA Contract No. 68-DO-0125,
Work Assignment No. 43.
The XATEF DBMS is a compilation of emission factors for toxic air
pollutants and sources. The system contains approximately 7,100 factors,
covering 1,214 pollutants, and 493 source categories. The factors contained
in the database can be used to derive relative approximations of toxic
releases from a source, but are not intended to necessarily represent actual
emissions from a specific source or process.
The XATEF Version 2.0 is an IBM* AT-compatible DBMS. Requirements to
operate the system include a Microsoft (MS) Disk Operating System (DOS)
Version 3.3 or later, an EGA or VGA color monitor, 512 kilobytes (KB) of
available random-access memory (RAM), and a hard disk with a minimum of
10 megabytes (MB) of available disk storage space.
The user's manual presents an overview description of the capabilities of
XATEF Version 2.0, the informational fields contained in the system, and of
the correct application of the system emission factors for air toxics
emissions estimation. System design changes from the 1991 XATEF version are
summarized. Users are instructed on the installation, access, and use of the
system. Descriptions of planned future updates to XATEF are provided.
It is EPA's plan that the 1992 release of XATEF Version 2.0 will be the
last release of the XATEF software. With the major revisions being performed
on AP-42 and the work being conducted to standardize emission factor data in
AIRS, EPA wants to develop an emission factor database that would contain all
of the Agency's unique recommended factors for the pollutant/source type
combinations where data existed. To accomplish this plan, activity is
currently underway to produce a software program known as the Factor
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information Retrieval (FIRE) system. The FIRE system will effectively replace
XATEF in its entirety. FIRE will be composed of two primary modules, an
emission factor "repository" system and an emission factor "distribution"
system. The "repository system" will be used to store and analyze data for
the purpose of developing recommended factors for the "distribution system,"
It will not be distributed outside of the Agency. As its name implies, the
"distribution system" will be provided to any and all users of emission factor
data. This system will contain EPA's recommended emission factors for
criteria and toxic air pollutants. In essence, the "distribution system" will
become an electronic version of AP-42. The FISE system will not be available
to users until 1993.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
1.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT
This document contains a user's manual for the 1992 release of the
Crosswalk/Air Toxics Emission Factor (XATEF) Database Management System (DBMS)
Version 2.0. The manual contains a description of the XATEF system in terms
of both data elements and capabilities. Information is provided on the
history of the development of the system, the sources of emission factor data
contained in the system, and planned future enhancements and changes to the
system. Instructions are given on how to apply the data in XATEF to the task
of estimating air toxics releases from a source. These kinds of system
overview information are provided in Section 1.0
• Section 2.0 contains detailed instructions on the installation, access,
and use of the database system. Hardware and software requirements for
running XATEF 2.0 are provided. The user is guided through the access and use
of the various system features by means of mock searches and example screens.
1.2 BACKGROUND
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and State and Local air
pollution control agencies have been given a new direction in the control of
toxic air pollutants since the passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments
(CAAA). Estimation and control of toxic air pollutant emissions is essential
to the implementation of the CAAA. The development of an air toxics program
requires information about the types, sources, and emissions of pollutants in
a geographic area. One of the major components of an air toxics program is an
assessment of the quantities of toxic compounds present in an area. Specific
emissions measurements are generally the best and most accurate way to
quantify emissions; however, measurement data are not always available. An
alternate method of estimating air toxics emissions is by using emission
factors. The Crosswalk/Air Toxic Emission Factor (XATEF) Database Management
System (DBMS) presents a compilation of emission factors for selected toxic
air pollutants and sources of toxic air pollutants. The purpose of XATEF is
to offer a technical service to air pollution control agencies and others in
performing preliminary estimates of air toxics emissions. Users are provided
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information so that they may review the referenced literature where
clarification or further details are needed.
An emission factor relates the quantity of a pollutant released to the
atmosphere with a source- activity (e.g., combustion, storage, handling,
equipment leaks, processes, etc.). Emission factors are usually expressed by
units of mass of pollutant emitted per unit of mass, volume, heat Input,
distance, or duration of a process that emits the pollutant (e.g., Ib
pollutant emitted per ton of product). The SATEF database displays listings
of emission factors for selected toxic air pollutants and sources and
associates the emission factors to levels of source activity for pollutants.
For example, in the smelting of copper, trace elements such as arsenic or
nickel may be emitted. An emission factor such as "X" Ib nickel/ton blister
copper produced, could be used to estimate nickel emissions from the smelter.
In order to offer assistance to agencies and others in estimating
emissions of air toxics, EPA. in October 1988 published a report entitled Toxic
Air Pollutant Emission FactorsFor Selected Air Toxic CompoundsAnd Sources
(EPA-450/2-88-066a). The emission factors in the 1988 edition were obtained
from journal articles and reports identified by a computerized literature
search and from published and unpublished EPA reports. The computerized
literature search accessed the following databases - Chem Abstracts, NTIS,
Enviroline, Pollution Abstracts, Compendex, Environmental Bibliography, El
Engineering Meetings, DOE and APTIC.
Since the publication of the 1988 compilation (first edition), EPA
compiled additional emission factors into a Second Edition, entitled Toxic Air
Pollutant Emission Factors - A Compilation for Selected Air Toxic Compounds
and Sources (£PA-450/2-90-Oil). to include more than 4,000 factors for
approximately 270 compounds and 370 source categories. New factors were
obtained primarily from EPA Background Information Documents (BIDs) prepared
in support of New Source Performance Standards (NSFS) and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), EPA Control Technology Center
(CTC) documents, Office of Research and Development (ORD) reports, EFA's
series of "Locating and Estimating Air Toxic Emissions From (or of) (Source
Category or Substance)" reports, and other published and unpublished EPA
reports.
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New emission factors have been added to the XATEF DBMS since the
October 1990 publication of the Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors document.
The 1991 update focused on the list of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) under
Title III of the 1990 CAAA. The database contained approximately
6,500 emission factors for over 300 compounds and over 450 source categories
after the completion of the 1991 update,
A pollutant synonym search function was also added to the XATEF DBMS
during the 1991 update. Chemical synonyms were developed for as many XATEF
pollutants as possible using existing data in RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects
of Chemical Substances). A chemical synonym computer file was created to
allow the user to search and locate a specific pollutant by more than one
name, if necessary. Up to five chemical synonyms have been retained for each
pollutant, where applicable. Thus, if the user is searching
1,1-dichloroethylene, the data for vinylidene chloride (one of its synonyms
and its designated XATEF chemical name) will be located.
The current update for 1992 had a more singular focus than in the past
years in terms of the diversity of data sources included. The 1992 update
only added emission factor data that were produced or derived from emission
test reports made available by the California Air Resources Board (GARB), The
GARB data originated from the state's sir regulatory initiative known as
Assembly Bill (AB)-2588 or "Hot Spots" program. This far-reaching bill
established a. regulatory program for a long and diverse list of air toxic
pollutants. As a part of the program, many sources were required to perform
emissions, source testing to produce' data for required emission inventories.
In some cases, CARS allowed similar sources within a category to perform
"pooled source testing" wherein a subset of representative process types
within the industry would be tested and the results would be applied
throughout the category across the state to develop emission inventories.
Prior to the 1992 update, 33 GARB pooled source testing reports were
obtained. Twelve reports have been evaluated thus far, and the emission
factor data contained therein incorporated into the 1992 XATEF Version 2.0.
The list of the 12 reports evaluated is given in Table 1-1. The primary types
of facilities addressed by these reports included oil and gas production,
asphalt production, petroleum refining, and fuel combustion. Over 500 new
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TABLE 1-1. LIST OF THE TWELVE GARB POOLED SOURCE TEST REPORTS
EVALUATED FOR USE IN THE 1992 XATEF UPDATE
1. Schultz, Sheldon. Auberry Energy Incorporated Toxic Hot Spots Report.
Yanke Energy. October 15, 1990.
2. A Comprehensive Emission Inventory Report as Required Under the Air
Toxics "Hot Spots" Information and Assessment Act of 1987. Prepared
by Engineering Science, Inc. for Calmat Co. Fresno No. II Facility.
September 14, 1990.
3. A Comprehensive Emission Inventory Report as Required Under the Air
Toxics "Hot Spots" Information and Assessment Act of 1987. Prepared
by Engineering Science, Inc. for Calmat Co. Fresno No. II Facility.
September 14, 1990.
4. Hargrove, K. L. Farmers' Rice Cooperative, to R. A. Isom. Fresno
County. Transmittal of AB-2588 Air Toxics Emission Report.
September 11, 1990.
5. Pooled Source Emission Test Report: Oil and Gas Production Field
Combustion Sources, Fresno and Ventura Counties, California. Prepared
by ENSR Consulting and Engineering for Western States Petroleum
Association, Bakersfield, California. October 1990.
6. AB-2588 Testing at Texaco Trading and Transportation Inc. Panoche
Station - Heater, Volume I, Report PS-90-2187. Prepared by Pape &
Steiner Environmental Services for Texaco Trading and Transportation
Inc. September 1990.
7. AB-2588 Testing at Texaco Trading and Transportation Inc. Panoche
Station, Volume II - PAH, Report PS-90-2187. Prepared by Pape &
Steiner Environmental Services for Texaco Trading and Transportation
Inc. September 1990.
8. AB-2588 Testing at Texaco Trading and Transportation Inc. Panoche
Station, Volume III - Dioxins/Furans, Report PS-90-2187. Prepared by
Pape & Steiner Environmental Services for Texaco Trading and
Transportation Inc. September 1990.
9. Osborne, W. E. and McDannel, H. D. Emissions of Air Toxics Species:
Tests Conducted Under AB-2588 for the Western States Petroleum
Association. CARNOT for Western States Petroleum Association. May
1990.
10. Hopkins, Kevin C. and Green, Lisa A. Air Toxics Emissions Testing at
Morro Bay Unit 3. Prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric Company,
San Francisco, California. For inclusion in Air Toxics Hot Spots
Inventory Required Under AB-2588. CARNOT, Tustin, California.
CR71109-2088. May 1990.
11. Pooled Source Emission Test Report: Gas-Fired 1C Engines in
Santa Barbara County. Prepared for ARCO, Bakersfield, California.
ENSR Consulting and Engineering. July 1990.
12. AB-2588 Pooled Source Emission Test Program, Vols. I, II, and III.
Prepared for Western States Petroleum Association, Glendale,
California. The Almega Corporation Project 16551 and Report 16551-4.
July 1990.
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emission factors were generated from the GARB pooled source test reports. The
final 1992 XATEF update contains over 7,100 emission factors in total,
covering 1,214 pollutants, and 493 source categories. The remaining CARE
AB-2588 program test reports will be evaluated for emission factor data in
future XATEF updates,
1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The XATEF DBMS is an IBM9 AT Personal Computer (PC) based application
designed to facilitate the rapid identification of toxic air
pollutant/emission source associations and provide corresponding emission
factors for these associations. The 1992 XAT1F DBMS incorporates information
front the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) * Source Classification Code
(SCO)/pollutant cross-references found in Toxic Mr Pollutant/Source Crosswalk
- A Screening Tool For Locating Possible Sources EmittingJqxic Air
Substances. Second Edition EPA-450/2-89-017; the air toxic emission factor
collection found in Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors — A Compilationfor
Selected Air Toxic Compounds and Sources. Second Edition EPA-450/2-90-011;
emission factors added during the 1991 update derived froa a literature search
of EPA publications and a review of published journal articles identified
.through an on-line search of the DIALOG Chem Abstracts System; and emissions
test data produced by the California AB-2588 ("Hot Spots") pooled source
testing program. The XATEF DBMS presents emission factors associated to
pollutant names, chemical synonyms, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers,
industrial process descriptions, SIC codes and descriptions, specific emission
source descriptions, Source Classification Codes (SCCs) and descriptions,
notes on the process control or development of factors, and references. The
data management system allows one to search and download data to print or data
files. The system has been designed specifically for easy data manipulation
by fairly inexperienced users,
The program has been written for the Emission Inventory Branch of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by Radian Corporation,
Research Triangle Park. Requests for the system and User's Manual can be made
by contacting the Emission Inventory Branch, U.S. EPA, OAQPS, MD-14, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 or by calling (919) 541-5373
(FTS-629-5373). Non-profit organizations are encouraged to obtain the XATEF
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DBMS by downloading files from the CHIEF bulletin board. The XATEF database
will be updated and expanded as new information is obtained on process
descriptions, operating practices, control measures, and emissions data.
Comments on the usefulness of the XATEF DBMS are welcomed as is any emissions
information that would allow EPA to update and expand the coverage of toxic
air pollutant emission factors.
This user's manual explains the general operation of the XATEF DBMS, It
provides the necessary instructions needed to install and to access, update,
and report database air toxic emission factor information.
The system displays emission factor information in the form of output
tables on the computer screen, printer, or disk file. Output table
specifications consist of descriptive information for pollutants, SIGs, SCCs,
industrial processes, and emission sources. Authorized users may add, edit,
and delete information in the database. The data files use a standard format
and might be altered by many programs currently available; however, the system
is equipped to detect and prevent the use of data files modified externally.
The following section describes the components of the emission factor records
and explains the uses and shortcomings of the information.
1.4 USE OF EMISSION FACTORS IN THE DATABASE
The emission factors compiled in the XAfEF DBMS include:
* chemical name, synonyms and CAS number;
* industrial process description;
* specific emission source description;
• SIC code and description;
* SCC and description;
* notes; and
• references.
CAS numbers, SIC codes, and SCCs are used in this compilation to provide a
means of identifying in standard terminology, pollutants, industrial processes
and specific emission processes/sources. For some substances, CAS numbers are
not available, such as for polycyclic organic matter. If CAS numbers are not
available, no CAS numbers are assigned in the tables. Similarly, when SIC
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codes and SCCs are not available for some sources and processes, they are not
included in the tables. For some sources, the SIC codes and SCCs are
truncated in the tables based on available data. SIC codes may be shown as
two, three or four digit numbers based on available information. SCCs may
also be truncated to less than the full 8 digits for point sources or
10 digits for area and mobile sources.
The SIC codes associated to the factors are broad descriptors of industry
segments that are used throughout the Government to define industries in
accordance with the composition and structure of the economy. For this
reason, the SIC codes may not represent specific emitting sources. In this
compilation, SIC codes are unavailable for some industrial processes such as
wood combustion. A full listing of 4-digit SIC codes is available in
XATEF 2.0 by searching the system on the SIC code filter (see Section 2.5.3).
The SCCs represent processes or functions within a source category
associated with a point of air pollutant emissions. The Aerometric
Information Retrieval System (AIRS) uses SCCs to associate criteria pollutants
with emission factors for various sources. SCCs are included in this document
primarily for identification purposes. The units for factors in the XATEF
DBMS do not necessarily correspond to the units of factors listed in AIRS
having identical SCCs. For example, the toxics factor for carbon black
manufacturing may show "X" Ib POM emitted/ton product from the dryer, whereas
the AIRS factor for the same SCC is "X" Ib particulate matter/ton carbon black
produced. Users should be aware of this difference and consider it if
applying these emission factors to the SCCs in AIRS. In the XATEF DBMS, the
SCCs assigned to toxics factors that do not correspond to SCCs in AIRS or SCCs
that have been truncated are noted. As new SCCs are assigned for toxics in
AIRS, future updates of this database will use SCCs consistent with AIRS. A
full listing of 8-digit SCCs is available in XATEF 2.0 by searching the system
on the SCC filter (see Section 2.5.3).
Brief descriptions of the industrial processes and specific emission
sources are included for each emission factor. Industrial process
descriptions define source categories and specific emission sources refer to
operations within a source category. An example of an industrial process is a
petroleum refinery, and specific emission sources within a petroleum refinery
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include catalytic crackers, storage tanks, and equipment leaks. For most
available SIC codes and SCCs associated with factors, the industrial process
descriptions are similar to SIC code descriptions and the specific emission
source descriptions are similar to SCC descriptions. A full listing of the
industrial processes and emission sources contained in XATEF 2.0 can be
obtained by searching the system on the PRC and SRC filters, respectively.
The emission factors are listed usually in terms of mass of pollutant per
mass of product produced (i.e., 0.8 Ib ammonia/ton urea product). When no
other data are available, some factors are presented in units of mass per time
(Ib/sec, Ib/day, Ib/hr, etc). Other factors are presented in typical units
specific to source categories. For example, factors for combustion sources
are shown with units .of Ib/million BTU's. Most units are presented in
American engineering units (Ib, foot, ton, etc.) to be consistent with AIRS
criteria factors. Some factors have not been converted from metric units
because they are conventionally expressed in metric units such as
ng/cubic meter or mg/amp hr.
The XATEF records also contain additional information in the "Notes" part
of each emission factor listing. Brief descriptions concerning the derivation
of emission factors (mass balance, test data, engineering judgment) and any
assumptions that have been made to derive the factors are shown in the
"Notes", If an averaged factor has been listed, the range is shown in this
*
column. For some toxic air pollutants, emission factors associated with
processes or operations are further characterized in the "Notes" by the
presence or absence of emission reduction techniques or controls. For many of
the controlled operations, the type of emission reduction control is
identified. However, the emission reduction techniques in this report do not
necessarily represent the best available control technology (BACT) or
reasonably available control technology (RACT).
The "Notes" field will primarily be completed in the database for
emission factor records that were compiled prior to the 1992 XATEF update. A
revision to the database for the 1992 update increased the amount of
descriptive information that is provided to communicate to the user the source
and relative quality of a factor. Several additional information fields were
applied to each emission factor. These fields and a description of what data
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they contain are listed in Table 1-2. None of the emission factor records in
XATEF that were entered prior to the 1992 update will have information for
these new fields. The 1992 updates containing the GARB "Hot Spots" pooled
source testing data will have these fields completed. Future updates to the
database will attempt to complete the new fields for previous years data,
References are included for each factor in this compilation. The user is
encouraged to consult the references for more detailed information on the
factors.
The quality of emission factors presented in the database varies
considerably. Emission factors are derived in a variety of ways including
source tests, theoretical calculations, or a combination of both tests and
calculations. Extensive analyses of source tests or a single source test may
be used to derive some of the factors in the database. Other factors are
calculated by using material balances or national emissions estimates divided
by national production capacities for chemicals. The "Notes" column provides
a brief description of the basis of each factor, such as whether it is derived
from source tests, engineering judgment, or other methods. References are
also given so that the user can obtain more information about a specific
factor. Future database updates will also provide a qualitative letter rating
to give the user a. relative measure of data quality.
The depth of coverage of the factors contained in the database is also
highly variable. For some processes, emission factors are available for
individual release points or unit operations within processes. In other
cases, factors are only available for an entire process or emission source.
This is illustrated for carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride is emitted
when it is produced as a product, by-product, or intermediate during various
processes and when it is used to formulate other compounds. Emission factors
for carbon tetrachloride releases from perchloroethylene production are listed
for neutralization, drying, distillation, and other operations; whereas only a.
single factor for the emissions of carbon tetrachloride froa pharmaceutical
production facilities is shown.
Emission factors are very useful tools for estimating emissions of toxic
air pollutants. In many cases, these factors are simply averages of all
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TABLE 1-2. DESCRIPTION OF NEW INFORMATION FIELDS IN XATEF 2.0
Field Name Description
Control Device Identifies the type(s) of emission control devices in
place at the subject source.
Data Source Identifies the origin or source of the emission
factor, e.g., indicates if it is the output of a model
such as SIMS, the product of a state agency, or an EPA
factor.
Data Quality Represents an assigned emission factor quality rating
based on the criteria used for rating data in AP-42.
Control Status Identifies if the emission factor represents
controlled or uncontrolled emissions.
Location Identifies the location of the emission point for the
emission factor (stack, fugitive, etc.) or the site of
the source sampling if a factor is based on a source
test.
Methods Identifies the source sampling and analytical methods
used to measure the data for the emission factor.
Range Presents the range of test results measured when
multiple test runs are made or multiple data points
are available from which to calculate an average
emission factor.
Process Parameters Describes the process conditions in place at the time
a test run was made on which an emission factor is
based, e.g., boiler was operating at 50% load during
the test.
Tests Identifies the number of test runs made to produce the
data on which an emission factor is based.
Corrections Identifies if the test data on which an emission
factor is based underwent any corrections for things
such as field blanks, detection limits, etc. prior to
the data being finalized and used for factor
development purposes.
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available tools and do not generally consider the influence of various process
design parameters such as temperature, age of equipment, reactant
concentration, etc. If the emission factors were correlated to process design
variables, they would provide more precise emission estimates than factors in
the database. Because insufficient data exist to determine the accuracy or
validity of the emission factors, no estimates can be made of the error that
results from using these factors to calculate toxic air emissions from any
given facility.
The emission factors in the database are intended to be used for making
preliminary estimates of toxic air emissions from various sources of air
pollution. Emission factors are more appropriately used to estimate the
collective emissions of a number of sources, such as in an emissions inventory
for a selected geographic area. The emission factors in this compilation will
not likely provide exact estimates of emissions from any particular facility
or process. Because these factors are obtained from data of wide range and
varying degrees of accuracy, emissions calculated for a given facility using
these factors are likely to differ from the actual emissions of the facility.
In some cases , the differences in emissions estimated from emission factors
and actual emissions could vary significantly. Only specific source
measurement can determine the actual emissions of a pollutant under conditions
at the time of a test. For the most accurate emissions estimates, source
specific data should be obtained whenever possible. When source specific data
are not available, emission factors can be used to estimate emissions. More
accurate air toxics emission estimates can be made by using information
contained in the primary references listed in addition to the emission
factors .
1.5 CHANGES IN XATEF FOR 1992 AND FLANS FOR THE FUTURE
The XATEF DBMS Version 2.0 represents a major revision from previous
releases of XATEF. The system software has been totally redesigned and
reprogrammed from the ground up for the 1992 update release. This major
revision has been driven primarily by three factors; rapid expansion of the
emission factor data population, severe limitations of the XATEF Version 1.2
software, and SPA plans for future emission factor needs.
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The data growth and software limitation factors were the initial drivers
towards XATEF redesign. With the 1991 release of XATEF 1.2, the original
software on which the system was constructed was extended to its maximum
capability. The data population and complexity simply outgrew the
capabilities of the original software. To enable a 1992 XATEF update, the
system software had to be reprogrammed. This reprogramming would allow for
adding more records to the system, streamlining its operations thereby
increasing speed and decreasing disk storage requirements, and generally
making the program more user friendly.
The reprogramming that has been performed for XATEF 2.0 accomplishes all
of these goals. Data handling capabilities have been increased to allow for a
tripling of the current number of emission factor records, disk storage space
requirements have dropped from roughly 18 megabytes (MB) to only 10 MB, and a
filtering concept has been added to allow the user to only access the data
they are interested in and not the entire database (thereby increasing speed).
To previous XATEF users, the 1992 release will appear very different from
past versions. Version 2.0 has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that gives
the system a "windows" orientation. The system can be operated through the
computer keyboard or through a mouse. In past versions, a user did not have
direct viewing access to all emission factor records in the database. This
has changed dramatically with the Version 2.0 release, in which the user is
able to pull up and scroll through every emission factor record in the system.
They can then use a filter system to select subsets of records that they
desire from the overall database. The example screens of Version 2.0 shown in
Section 2.0 illustrate the extent of the redesign.
Current and future EFA plans for responding to emission factor data needs
drove other XATEF reprogramming decisions. With the major revisions being
performed on AP-42 and the work being conducted to standardize emission factor
data in AIRS, EFA desired to develop an emission factor database that would
contain all of the Agency's unique recommended factors for the
pollutant/source type combinations where data existed. This database would be
distributed to all interested users. In addition, the Agency wants to
maintain a system that would serve as a repository for all emission factor
data identified and collected. This database would be an internal EPA system
nja.098 1-12
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that only EPA could modify. This "repository system" would be used to store
and analyze data for the purpose of developing recommended factors for the
"distribution system,"
Upon analyzing the requirements for both systems, it was determined that
there were many overlapping functions. Many of these functions were also the
same needed for the XATEF redesign. By incorporating these features in the
1992 XATEF update, future system development costs for the repository and
distribution systems would be greatly reduced, since the base framework of all
three systems is the same. The 1992 XATEF update was performed with this plan
in mind. In effect, the planned repository and distribution systems will be
extensions of the XATEF Version 2.0 design.
Once the repository and distribution systems have been developed, the
need for a separate XATEF system will diminish. It is EFA's plan that the
1992 release of XATEF Version 2.0 will be the last release of XATEF software.
Activity is currently underway to combine the repository and distribution
systems under one software program known as the Factor Information Retrieval
(FIRE) system. Each of the systems would function as data modules available
through the FIRE system. The FIRE system, in an unpopulated form, is
scheduled for completion in the fall of 1992. The remainder of 1992 and 1993
will be used to populate the FIRE database.
nja.098 1-13
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-------
2.0 SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND OPERATION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Users of previous versions of the XATEF DBMS will notice significant
differences in the Version 2.0 release. The computer screens that the user
sees and the method by which a user accesses system data have been totally
revamped from previous releases. The method of data selection has been
totally redesigned. Whereas previous releases had the data in somewhat of a
"black box," unseen by the user, the Version 2,0 presents the full range of
the system data directly to the user at all times.
Although its appearance is different, former users of XATEF will find the
features of XATEF Version 2.0 familiar in many ways. It has all of the
functions found in the original XATEF, but it has a. greater database capacity
and more powerful searching capabilities.
XATEF 2.0 has been designed with four (4) general functions in the
system. These are as follows:
* Data storage: Emission factors along with names and identifiers for
pollutant, SCO, SIC, industrial process, emission source, and text
notes, references and comments.
* Data retrieval: Emission factors retrieved by names or identifiers
for pollutant, SCC, SIC, industrial process, and emission source.
• Data reports and outputs: Predefined or user-defined printed
reports for information matching data retrieval specification.
* Daca entry and editing: Keyboard entry of new emission factor
information or correction of existing database entries.
Please note that the Data Entry and Editing Function has not been made
accessible to the end-user since this release is a "secured" database.
This user's manual has been written for the user with no previous
experience with either version of XATEF and minimal computer experience. It
will guide you through the program from beginning to end. All users may want
nja.099 2-1
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to refer to Appendix A, which contains a simple list of the commands required
to perform the major functions for using XATEF.
This user's guide will be easier to use and read if you are familiar with
a few conventions of nomenclature and format that will be used to label the
various types of commands and functions that you will encounter in using
XATEF. The following system will be used:
* The names of keys on the computer keyboard will be presented in all
capital letters and surrounded by brackets (for example, "Press the
[TAB] key to move to the next field"),
* Text to be typed on your computer keyboard will be presented in
bold, italicized type (for example, "To start the program, type efis
at the DOS C:> prompt").
* The names of menus and options within menus will be presented in
boldfaced type with the first letter capitalized (for example, "To
view the database, select Browse in the XATEF Data. menu").
• The names of the screens in XATEF will be capitalized (for example,
"From the Browser Screen, go to the SCC Filter Screen").
• The names of the buttons on XATEF*s screens will be presented in
brackets and in boldface type, and they will be typed exactly as
they appear on the screen (for example, "When you are finished,
click on the [QUIT] button").
2.2 LOADING XATEF 2.0 OH YOUR COMPUTER
To use XATEF 2.0, you will need an IBM Personal Computer (PC) or
compatible, with an Microsoft (US) Disk Operating System (DOS) Version 3.3 or
later and an EGA or VGA color monitor. MS DOS 5.0 or later and a mouse are
recommended. Your computer should have at least 512 KB of available random-
access memory (BAM) and your hard disk should have at least 10 MB of available
disk storage space.
If you have received the XATEF 2.0 program on a self-instailing
distribution diskette, insert it into the diskette drive and type the
following command:
a: install c:
2-2
-------
XATEF 2.0 will be installed in a directory named "/XATEF2" on your hard disk.
If you are using a diskette drive other than a: or would like XATEF 2.0 to be
installed on a hard disk other than c;, please substitute the appropriate
drive letters in the above command. For example:
b:install d:
If you have received the XATEF 2.0 program from the EPA Bulletin Board
System (BBS), you will need to follow the installation instructions included
with the downloaded BBS files.
2.3 XATEF 2.0 COMPUTER SCREENS
XATEF 2.0 is a windows-oriented program with a Graphical User Interface
(GUI). XATEF uses several windows, each including a separate computer screen.
The main screens include:
• The Main Menu Screen;
• The Database Browser Screen;
• The Filter Screens;
• The Standard Report Menu Screen;
• The Ad Hoc Report Design Screen;
• The Report Viewing Screen; and
• The Various Output Selection Screens.
Every screen is composed of combinations of the following objects:
Screen Object Example
Menu Items "Data" on the Main Menu
Data Records in Scrolling Emission factor records on
Display Lists the Database Browser Screen.
Buttons "Active Filter" Buttons on
the Database Browser Screen.
Radio Buttons "Sort By" Radio Buttons on
the Database Browser Screen.
Data Entry Boxes "For" on the Filter Screens.
List Boxes "Filename" on the Report
Output Selection Screen.
nja.098 2-3
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Screen objects may be selected in either of three methods. Whenever the
term "select" is used in the following sections, either of these three methods
nay be used to select the screen object. Screen objects may be selected in
any order by pointing to the object and clicking the mouse button. The other
two methods of selecting screen objects use the computer keyboard. The [TAB]
key will move a highlighted indicator circularly among all the objects on a
screen. The highlighted object is then selected by pressing the [ENTER] key.
Many obj ects, such as menu items, buttons, radio buttons, and data entry
boxes, are also assigned "hot" keys to select the object. These are indicated
by underscores on the screen under the key letter in the object name. The
object is selected by depressing and holding the [ALT] key and pressing the
indicated alphabetical character.
Data records in scrolling display lists and items inside list boxes may
be selected in either of two methods.
If you are using the mouse, the mouse can be used to "grab" the sliding
box in the scroll bar on the right side of the display list or list box. The
sliding box can then be positioned proportionally to the desired location in
the list. The up and down boxes at the ends of the scroll bar can be used to
scroll through the list one item at a time to find the desired data record or
list item*. This item can then be selected by pointing to it with the mouse
cursor arrow and double-clicking the mouse button.
If you are using the keyboard, the display list or list box item object
must first be selected with the [TAB] key. The desired item can then be
located by using the [FACE UP] and [PAGE DOWN] keys and the up and down cursor
keys. The item is then selected by pressing the [ENTER] key,
2.4 THE XATtF 2.0 MAIN MENU
When you first installed XATEF on your computer (Section 2.2), you stored
it in its own directory. Now, to start XATEF, you need to open that directory
by typing cd\xa.cef2 (or cd\ and the name of the directory you chose as
XATEF's) and pressing the [INTiX] key. Now type xatefZ and press the [ESTER]
key.
nja.OiS 2-4
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The first screen you will see will be XATEF's Main Menu Screen (see
Figure 2-1). This screen presents you with the nmin options for using XATEF,
These options and their functions are as follows:
Data--This Main Menu item gives you the option to Browse the XATEF
database and select emission factor information for reporting. The
Browse function is discussed in detail in Section 2.5 of this user's
guide.
Reports--Selection of this Main Menu item gives you the option of
generating preformatted Standard Reports or user-defined Ad Hoc
Reports of the parts of the database that have been selected by
means of the Browse function. The reporting functions in XATEF are
discussed in detail in Section 2.6 of this user's guide,
Tools--This main menu item provides functions to rebuild the data
indexes,
Help--Selection of this Main Menu item opens a window that allows
the user to read through an on-screen version of this user's manual.
Quit--This Main Menu item allows you to leave XATEF and return to
DOS.
I * I *
Data Reports Tools Help Quit
XATEF
CROSSUM-K AIR TOXIC EMISSION FACTOR DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SVSTEM
Hrittan und*r contract froi*
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL. PROTECTION AOENCV
Office of Air Qu*lit*f Planning *nd Standard*
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 377X1
by
HADIAM CORPORATION
rch Triangle Park, North Carolina 377O9
Hal-atari 2.O Xmatmt+bmr 1992
Figure 2-1. The Main Menu
If you have a mouse, you can activate these menus by moving the cursor arrow
to the menu name and selecting that option by pressing or "clicking" the
button on the mouse. If you don't have a aouse, or you prefer to use the
nj«.038
2-5
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keyboard, you can activate any available menu item by simultaneously pressing
the [ALT] key and the keyboard key for the letter underlined in that menu
item's name. For example, to pull down the Reports menu options, press [ALT]
and r.
2.5 THE XATEF 2.0 BROWSE MEND OPTION
The following is a description of the procedure for using the XATEF 2,0
Browse menu option. Section 2.5,1 describes the method for using the Database
Browse Screen to review the emissions factor data on the computer screen.
Section 2.5.2 describes the procedures for using XATEF's data filters to
narrow the focus of the Database Browse Screen to view only those parts of the
database that relate to parameters of interest to the user. Section 2.5.3
describes methods for using the Database Browse Screen to manipulate the
filtered subsets of the database.
2.5.1 Browsing the Database
The Browse option is contained within the Data function of the XATEF Main
Menu. When you select the Browse option in the Data function, XATEF will open
the Database Browse Screen (Figure 2-2). When this screen first appears, it
will display a partial view of the entire XATEF database. Each data record is
displayed in a single row horizontally across the screen. You can scan the
information in the database by using the mouse to click on the bar on the
right-hand side of tiie screen (referred to as the "scroll bar") or by using
the keyboard. Click on the arrows at the bottom or top of the scroll bar to
move a single line in the indicated direction, or "grab* the place indicator
on the scroll bar by clicking on it and holding the mouse button down. Then
slide the place indicator to the approximate location where you wish to go.
The up and down cursor keys on the keyboard work the same as the arrows on the
scroll bar. Also, you can use the [PAGE UP] and [PACE DOHN] keys to move
through the data a block at a time.
You can scan the columns from right to left by pressing the right and
left arrows on your keyboard; this will move you a single letter's width in
the direction you choose. If you simultaneously press the [CTRL] key and the
right or left arrow key, you will shift an entire column in the desired
nja.Q98
2-6
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Figure 2-2. The Database Browse Screen
direction. The [HOME] key will move you to the far left of the data record,
while the [END] key moves you to the far right edge of the data record. The
Database Browse Screen wraps around so that when you reach the right or left
edge of the report screen, the screen will begin again at the opposite edge.
When the Database Browse Screen is first displayed, the database will be
sorted by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number for the pollutant of
interest. You can change the sort order—now or at any time during your XATEF
session—by selecting one of the radio buttons other than the [CAS] button in
the "Sort By" section of the Database Browse Screen. The "Sort By" function
may be especially useful in combination with the Filter Screens to search for
the parts of the database that you are most interested in seeing.
2.5.2 Selecting Data
Because reading through the entire database would be time consuming and
difficult, XATEF allows you to "filter" the database by searching for and
reporting only the parts of the database of interest to you. XATEF filter
screens allow you to identify a complete set of matching criteria for the
nja.098
2-7
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parameter associated with it. Those familiar with dBase filters will
recognize the operation of XATEF 2.0 filters. At the bottom of the Database
Browse Screen, you will see a row of buttons labeled "Active Filters," Each
emission factor in the XATEF 2.0 database is identified by a combination of
the following five (5) look-up keys:
» Pollutant;
» SIC;
• SCC;
* Emission Source Name; and
• Industrial Process Name.
If you want to search die database for a specific pollutant name, source
industry classification (SIC) number, source classification code (SCC) number,
emissions source name (SRC), or process name (PRC), you can do so by selecting
the corresponding "Active Filter* button ([Pol], [SIC], [SCC], [SEC], or
[PRC], respectively), which will open the applicable filter Screen. The
"Active Filters" buttons that have been applied will appear in a different
color from those that have not yet been used, so that you can always tell
which filters are in use.
All XATEF's Filter Screens work in essentially the same way. Each Filter
Screen operates on a corresponding look-up table. Each screen has a top
section devoted to entering commands for searching the Filter Screen, a middle
section that displays the data, and a bottom section with buttons for moving
through the data. Figure 2-3 shows the SCC Filter Screen.
Each of the five filters has a numeric code and a textual name component
in each look-up key. Each key record is displayed in a single row
horizontally across the screen. To search for the name or code number of a
key or set of keys in one of the filter screens, use the mouse or [TAB] key to
select the [Name] .or [Code] button. Then select the "FOR" box and type in the
name of the code you want to find. Alternatively, press the [ALT] key and m
for Name, [ALT]-d for Code, then [ALT] -f for the "FOR" box.
If you are sure that you have the name or code exactly right, leave the
[Exact] button selected in the "Match" section of the screen, and use the
nja.098 2-8
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EXTCOMB BOILER ELECTRIC GENERATH SUBBI TUHIHUS COAL TRU •
ds selected Record 1 out of 3394
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Figure 2-3. The SCC Filter Screen
mouse, [TAB] key, or [ALT]-a to select the [Apply] button, which will begin
the search. If you want to narrow your search to the set of keys with the
same first few numbers of code or the same first descriptive words, select the
[at Start] button (or press [ALT] and s) and then select the [Apply] button.
This "Hatch at Start" feature is especially useful for generalized searches of
SIC and SCCs. For example, you can specify an SCC code of 301 instead of
entering each specific 8- or 10-digit code. If you only know a part of the
name or code, or if you want to search for all of the elements pertaining to a
certain category, you can type in only a partial name or code. Then select
the [Anywhere] button in the "Hatch" section (or press [ALT] and y) and select
the [Apply] button. This is frequently referred to as a "substring" match and
is most applicable to name searches.
After you have selected the [Apply] button, XATEF will search for the
keys in the look-up table that match the terms of your search. The matching
keys will appear highlighted in gray to show that they have been selected.
Note that in the Browse Screen, only the emissions factor data pertaining to
these selected look-up keys will be displayed, so there is no need for
highlighting in the Browse Screen.
nja.098
2-9
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Once your search is complete, you may wish to see and/or change what has
been selected before you return to the Browse Screen, After XATEF 2.0
completes its search, the screen will show the first key found and selected in
the look-up table. You can view (and deselect, if you want) the other
selected keys with the buttons at the bottom of the Filter Screen, When you
select these buttons with the mouse, or with an [ALT] and letter combination,
they will function as follows;
• [Clear] deselects all of the keys that have been selected in the
filter screen;
* [Previous] moves you up the look-up table to the selected key that
precedes the one you are seeing now;
• [Next] moves you down the look-up table to the next selected key, if
there is one;
* [First] moves you to the first selected key in the look-up table;
and
* [Last] moves you to the last selected key in the look-up table.
You can hand select or edit the selection criteria for the look-up keys
you want to appear in your filtered database. If you used the search method
described above to find and select a set of selection criteria, you can select
additional selection criteria or deselect some highlighted look-up keys by
clicking on them with the mouse. In the sane manner, you can manually select
without performing a search by scanning through the look-up table and
selecting the look-up keys of interest with the mouse or keyboard. If you
don't have a mouse, [TAB] until the first key in the table is shown in light-
gray type. Now you can move through the table with the up and down cursor
keys and select or deselect keys by pressing the [ENTER] key when your
selection is shown in the lighter typeface.
Once all of the selection criteria you want to include in your filter
have been selected, select the on-screen [QUIT] button or press [ALT] and q on
your keyboard. Now XAfEF will apply the current filter to the database,
combine the current filter with previously activated files, and generate your
filtered database and return you to the Browse Screen, which will now contain
only the emission factor records in your filtered database.
nj«,098 2-10
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2.5.3 Working with the Filtered Emission Factor Database
When the Browse Screen returns after you have used one of the filters,
the button for the filter or filters that you used will be highlighted. The
filtered database will now display the emission factor data for the
pollutants, SICs, SCCs, sources, or processes that you selected in the Filter
Screen(s). You can use, store, and manipulate these data in a number of
different ways. You can filter your file again on the basis of a different
set of criteria; you can save your filter so that you can load it to use again
later; you can sort the filtered database by another sorting parameter; or you
can prepare a report of the parts of the filtered database that interest you.
Section 2.6 contains a detailed discussion of XATEF 2.0's Reports menu option.
The other methods of working with a filtered database will be discussed below.
If you want to filter the file again, you can do so in the same manner
that you used the first time. If, for example, you have filtered your file on
the basis of SCCs, you may want to filter it further by selecting specific
processes within those SCCs. Simply select the [PEG] button, or press [ALT]
and p on your keyboard. When the FRC Filter Screen comes up, you will select
look-up keys for the industrial process in the same manner as for the SCC.
The second filtering adds another criterion to the database search in a
logical "and" structure, so the filtered database that results will show only
those data points that match both the SCC keys you chose in your first
filtering and the industrial process keys you chose in your second.
In the second filtering process, you will probably want to use the search
features described above to find the selection criteria of your second search
quickly. You can view the keys selected in your search by selecting the
appropriate buttons at the bottom of the Filter Screen. When you select the
[QUIT] button, the Database Browse Screen will reappear, and it will now
contain only the parts of the database that satisfy both of your active
filters. The two (or more) filter buttons that you have used will be
highlighted to remind you of the types of filtering you have used.
The Summary Button on the Database Browse Screen can be used to display
an on-screen list of all selected look-up keys in all active filters along
with the filter name.
nja.098 2-11
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Remember that at this point, or at any time while you are using the
Browse Screen, you can change the sort order in which the data points are
shown by selecting one of the "Sort By" buttons. Either select a new button
with the mouse or keyboard, or hit the [ALT] and a, keys to move to the
buttons; use the up and down cursor arrow keys to move to the button you want
to select; and then use the [ENTER] key to activate that sort button.
When you have the XATEF 2.0 emission factor database filtered to include
only the emissions information you are interested in, you can save this
filter, or combination of filters, as a file to be reapplied to the database
for later use in reports or further study. If you select [QUIT] now, the
Browse Screen will close, but your filter, or combination of filters, will be
saved. If you do not quit XATEF completely, then the next time you open the
Browse Screen, your filtered database will be loaded in place of the complete
database. You will need to press the [CLEAR] button to remove the filtering
and bring up the entire database again. On the other hand, you can save your
filter with the [SAVEAS] button first before [CLEAR], and then the Browse
Screen will be free for you to work with the entire database again.
The [SAVEAS] button works as follows. Select the [SAVEAS] button with
the keyboard or mouse or by pressing [ALT] and v. An inset screen
(Figure 2-4) will now open up to allow you to give a file name to the filter,
or combination of filters, you are saving. To enter a name, simply begin
typing as soon as the SaveAs inset screen is open. Use a name that will help
you remember the theme of your filtering process. For example, if you
selected all of the emission factors related to the dry cleaning and
degreasing processes, name your filter file dc_dg, or some similarly
explanatory name. Now select the [OK] button, and the filter file will be
saved in the directory in which XATEF is stored.
If you want to store the file in a different directory, use the mouse to
click on the Directories column below the Filename field, or hit the [TAB] key
twice to select the directory list. Then use your cursor keys to move through
the list of drives and directories until you have selected the one in which
you want to store your filter file. Now select the [OK] button. XATEF will
automatically add a predefined extension to your filename, but when you try to
reload the file with the [LOAD] button, the extension is not shown or required.
nja.098 2-12
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Director if
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Figure 2-4. The File Save Inset Screen
To reload a file, you can use the [LOAD] button at the bottom of the
Browse Screen. When you select the [LOAD] button or hit [ALT] and 1, an inset
window very much like the Save Screen will appear on your screen. If you know
the name of the filter file that you want to load, you can just start typing
as soon as the screen comes up. Otherwise, use the mouse or the [TAB] key to
move into the Files box and mouse-click or press [ENTER] when the name of the
file you want to load is highlighted. The file name will now appear in the
Filename field at the top of the screen, and when you click on or [TAB] to the
[OK] button, XATEF 2.0 will load that filter file and apply it to the emission
factor database again. Your filtered emission factor data will now be
displayed in the Browse Screen.
If the file you want to load does not appear in the Files box, you may
need to look in another directory. You can change active directories by
hitting [TAB] once from the Files box and then pressing the [ENTER] key when
you have highlighted the name of the drive or directory in which you think
your file is stored. The names of the filtered files in that drive or
directory will now appear in the Files box, and you can load the file you want
by retyping its name in the Filename field at the top of the screen or by
clicking on the name of the file and then clicking on the [OK] button (or
[TAB]bing to the [OK] button and pressing the [ENTER]-key).
nja.098
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Once you have loaded the file you want to use again, you can further
filter that file (see Section 2.5.2) or you can create one or more types of
reports of the contents of that file (see Section 2.6),
2.5.4 Filter Loeic
All selection criteria selected for*a given look-up key are processed as
a logical "OR." This means that a database emission factor record that
matches any selected look-up key in this look-up table will be displayed in
the Browse Screen.
Different filters (i.e., SCO and Poll) are processed by a logical "AND."
This means that if you create an SCC filter and a Foil filter, only the
database emission factor records that match both the SCC selected look-up keys
AND the Foil selected look-up keys will be displayed.
2.6 REPORTING YOUR XATEF 2.0 RESULTS
After you have used the Browse Screen and associated filter screens to
filter a file to the point where it includes only the parts of the emission
factor database of interest to you, you can use XATEF's Reports menu option to
sort, manipulate, save, and/or print the filtered database in a variety of
formats. In general, XATEF's Reports menu allows you to prepare reports in
two ways. First, XATEF offers a set of report formats that have already been
set up for you. Reports in these formats can be created by selecting the Std
Report option in the Reports menu, and this option is described in detail in
Section 2.6.1. If, on the other hand, a user wants to set up a report that
only includes specific data of their choosing, organized in a specific order,
they can do so by selecting the Ad Hoc Report option in the Reports menu; this
option is described in detail in Section 2.6.2.
Because the contents of your report depend upon what data are selected in
the Database Browse Screen, this screen must be open for you to be able to
create a report. If you select the Reports menu while only the main menu is
up on the screen, a dialogue box that says "Reporting requires opening the
Browser" will appear. If this happens, you must hit the [Enter] key or mouse-
click on the [OK] button to continue opening the Report menu. It is very
na.Oifl 2-14
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important to remember that, if you activate the Reports options in this way,
the reports you prepare will be reports of the file that was most recently
active in the Database Browse Screen. The easiest way to be certain of the
contents of your report is to activate the Reports menu options while the
Database Browse Screen is still active.
To reach the functions in the Reports menu from the Database Browse
Screen, click with the mouse on any part of the Main Menu Screen, which will
appear at the top above the Browse Screen. This will activate the Main Menu
and pull it to the foreground of your screen. If you do not have a. mouse, you
can pull any background screen into the foreground by simultaneously pressing
the [ALT] and [F6] keys on your keyboard. Once the Main Menu is activated,
click on the Reports menu (or press [ALT] and r), and then decide if you want
a standard report or an ad hoc report.
2.6.1 The Standard Report Menu Option
You can choose to create a report in one of XATEF's predefined report
formats by mouse-clicking on Standard (or pressing [ALT] and s) in the XATEF
Reports menu. The Database Browse Screen should already be open and it must
be showing the filtered database from which you want to generate your report.
The Standard Report Selection Screen will open, and you will see that it
offers you seven possible report formats. Select these formats by clicking on
their names, using the up and down arrow keys and [ENTER], or by
simultaneously pressing [ALT] and the number of the format you want.
Figure 2-5 shows the Standard Report Screen.
Ia: standard
* Ofdarael BW COX
St
* Orderwt Bu Pollutant
at
«l Bw SIC
ISL
Bu SCC
St
S*
Figure 2-5. The Standard Report Screen
nja.098
2-15
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The first standard report Is a Reference Report. This report is a.
reference list of all of the reports that were used to construct the XATEF
database. Figure 2-6 is an example of a reference report.
ID
A Xtmndlrmr, U. L. «nd J. a. Km*. . Ifcmort *. l.l.
and P»rx*»loro»thAjle»w« Ti-ichloraetttMUtne, and Uinwli
CtilorSd* Cftbbr«vl«t«d R*oor-t>. CIn> QrsanlM CtwtttCMl
HanuransSUflrnP. tMallma a: Saloctoil PwoaBBas, eFM .......... flao
U. * . BnvirorM-HBntnl Protoct ion Aotncu. Hmmmmmcti Tr- larval at Pwfc .
North Carotin*. S98O.
ZwJachor, M
Wiittak«r.
D. VUhas,, a. X. Fafchourtd. and J. I..
in thai South Coast Mir Bam in. South Cout Air
OualttU nanaoenent Oi»«ri«st. El Monte, California. 19O3.
Ijouanfaaon, U. A. and J. ScHBclnoo*-^ I ni«Wib ji in and Sehaoi in^ar-
*-SSOX6-79-aQS. U. 8. Enwiranmnt*! Pr-otection Aaoncw. 1.979.
T. J-, «t al« Faator-K Influamotnil TtHi CemotMtltlan
EtLg I
Figure 2-6. Example Reference Report
The remaining six standard report formats present a. vertical listing of
all of the notes and data relevant to each emission factor in your filtered
database. You can choose tile order in which this information is presented by
choosing to have your standard report in CAS, pollutant, SIC, SCO, source, or
process order. The numeric ordering criteria--CAS, SIC, SCO--will give you a
report sorted by the numerical sequence of the relevant code numbers in the
sequence as the Browse Screen sorts. The others will give you reports sorted
in the alphabetic order of the ordering criterion you have chosen. The
information included in each of these reports is the sane; only the order in
which the individual emission factors are presented changes. Figure 2-7 shows
an example of the standard report format.
The reference number included in the standard report is the number given
in the reference report to the bibliographic source for the data. To see the
complete reference, you will need to create a reference report. The notes
fields include comments about the calculation of that emission factor,
assumptions about emissions control devices, and/or a range for the emission
factor value.
rxja.098
2-16
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st
rtt Raeort
EMISSIOH FACTOR
POLJJUTANT NAME
SIC CODE
SIC NAME
SCC CODE
SCC NOME
SRC NAME
PRC NAME
DATE
CONTROL. DEUICE
DATA SOURCE
DATA QUALITV
3.33000 x 1O-1 HaXJ.000 gal oil burnad
1, A . 1-T i- ieh larx
71-SS-fi
HAMTHRACITE COAL
AGRICULTURAL. PRODUCTIUM CROPS
1
EXTCOMB BOILER ELECTRIC
PULUER1ZED COAL
U*»t« oil-find t»il«i-» C<1SD nil lion BtuyfO
saace heaters
Uacta oil
CAM
EBINT
O.UIT
Figure 2-7. Example Standard Report
After you select the format for your standard report, the Standard Report
View Screen will appear on your screen. This screen contains the complete
contents of your report. You can scan through the report with the up and down
arrow keys or with the [PAGE UP] and [PAGE DOWN] keys, or you can click with
the mouse on the scroll bar on the right side of the screen. Clicking on the
arrows at the top and bottom of the scroll bar will move you up or down one
line at a time. You can also click on the square in the middle of the scroll
bar, hold the mouse button down, and slide the square up or down to move
larger distances in the report.
At the bottom of the Standard Report View Screen, you will see three
buttons. If you want to save the report of the filtered database on a disk,
select the [FILE] button (with the keyboard, mouse, or by pressing [ALT] and
f), and the Report File Output Screen (Figure 2-8) will appear on your screen.
This screen functions like the Load and Saveas Screens in the Database Browse
Screen (see Section 2.5.3). When the screen appears, just begin typing a
descriptive title for your report's file. Next, choose a format for your file
in the "Format" box on the right side of the screen. The default format is
ASCII, which is a DOS file format that can be read and/or edited in a DOS text
editor or in most word processing programs. If you choose the [OK] button
nja.098
2-17
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without changing anything, your report will be saved as an ASCII file. If you
want to save your report as a dBase or Lotus 1-2-3 file instead, you can
select the [Dbf] button (or press [ALT] and d) or on the [Lotus] ([ALT] and
1), respectively. You can save the file on a'different disk or in a, different
directory by clicking or pressing [ENTER] on the drive or directory
designation in the Directories box at the bottom of the screen. Select the
[QIC] button to save the file in the format and location you have designated.
C:\ttorEFa
PfMMM
(Mractorl*
t A: 1
t a: a
t Ci 3
t u; a
Figure 2-8. The Report File Output Screen
If you select the [PRINT] button (with the mouse or by pressing [ALT] and
p), XATEF will send the report of the filtered database to the system printer.
Selecting the [QUIT] button will close the report window and return you to the
Standard Report Screen.
If you want to present the information for an emission factor in a
different order, or if you want a report that includes only certain categories
of information, you will want to use the Ad Hoc Report menu option, which is
described in the following section.
2.6.2 The Ad Hoc Report Menu Option
You can reach the Ad Hoc Report Screen by mouse-clicking on Ad Hoe Report:
(or by simultaneously pressing [ALT] and a) in the Reports menu option on
XATEF's main menu. The Database Browse Screen should already be open, and it
must be showing the filtered database from which you want to generate your
report. The Ad Hoc Report Screen is shown in Figure 2-9. This screen has two
boxes in it. * The first is labelled "Available Fields" and the second,
"Selected Fields." To build your report, just double click or press the
nja.093
2-18
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Available Fields
EMISSION FACTOR
SCC CODE
SCO NAME
SRC NAME
PRO NAME
REFERENCE NUMBER
RESEARCHER
DATE
CONTROL. DEUICE
DATA SOURCE
DATA QUALITY
NOTES
CTFO — STAT
LOCATION
METHODS
RANGE
PRC_PARMS
TESTS
CORRECTION
«ss»
Selected Fields
CAS NUMBER
POLLUTANT NAME
SIC CODE
SIC NAME
t
Clear |
Load |
Saue A» [
QEPORT |
QUIT |
Figure 2-9. The Ad Hoc Report Screen
[ENTER] key on the fields, or categories of information you want, in the order
in which you want them to appear in the report. If you make a mistake, or
decide you want to remove a field, just [TAB] to the "Selected Fields" box and
double click or press [ENTER] on the field you want to remove. You can
deselect all of the fields and begin again by selecting the [Clear] button
(with the mouse or by pressing [ALT] and e).
When you have the fields you want selected in the order you want them,
you can view your report by selecting the [REPORT] button. If you want to
save the report definition so that you can create reports of other filtered
databases with the same fields and sequence of presentation, you can do so by
selecting the [Save As] button. This button will bring up a screen entitled
"Save report definition to what filename?" In this screen, you can type a
name for a file. An appropriate file name extension will be automatically
added. This will be 'TXT', 'DBF', or 'WK1' for ASCII, dBase, and Lotus
nja.098
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formats, respectively. Select the [OK] button to save the report definition.
If you want to save it in a different directory, you can do so by selecting
the name of the drive or directory where you want the file to go. Then select
[OK]. Then, after you have created another filtered subset of the emissions
factor database, you can use the [Load] button in the Ad Hoc Report Screen to
load your report definition and create a report in the same format for the
filtered database.
While the standard reports are presented in vertical, list format, the ad
hoc reports are presented in horizontal, tabular format, which is the same
format used in the Database Browse Screen. The columns in the report will
each represent one of the fields you selected in defining your report. After
you have selected the [REPORT] button, the ad hoc report you have prepared
will appear on the screen. As with the Browse Screen, you can move to the
right and left in the report with the right and left cursor arrow keys, and
you can move entire columns to the right or left by pressing the [CTRL] key
and the right or left arrow key simultaneously. You can move up and down in
the report by pressing the up or dawn arrow keys and the [PAGE IIP] and [PAGE
DOWN] buttons on your keyboard.
As with the Standard Report View Screen, you will see three buttons on
the Ad Hoc Report Screen (see Figure 2-10). The [File] button will allow you
to save the report on a disk in ASCII, dBase, or Lotus format. As with the
standard reports, the reference number that you can include in your ad hoc
reports is the number given in the reference report to the source for the
data.
2.7 USING THE HELP MEND
Selecting the Help option from the XATEF main menu displays the sections
of the on-line manual (see Figure 2-11). Discussions on each XATEF feature
can be reached by selecting the appropriate topic: Introduction,
Installation, Main Menu, Browse, Report, or Command Keystrokes. Use the
keyboard or the mouse to select the desired topic. A help text window will
open on the screen (see Figure 2-12). This text viewing window may be resized
by grabbing and moving the edge of the window with the mouse or expanded to
full-screen by picking the expand (Up) arrow in the top right hand corner of
na.QSS 2-20
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CAS NUMBER- POLLUTANT NAME POLLUTRrfT NAME-
POLUUTAtfT nmc-
71-33-6
71-55-6
71-33-6
71-SS-6
71-33-6
71-33-6
71-SS-6
71-33-6
71-33-6
71-SS-6
71-33-6
71-55-*
71-33-6
71-33-6
71-SS-6
71-33-6
71-33-6
71-33-6
1.1
1.
i!
1.
1.
1.
1.1.
1.1.
1.1.
1.1.
lil^
1.1.
1.1.
1.1.
1.1.
1.1.
•Tr Ichloroathana
-Trlenloroathana
•Tr ieh loroetrtarte
•Tr Ichloraa thane
•Tr leh loroettiane
•Trlchloroathana
•T r i ch 1 or oe t hone
•Tr Ichloroathana
•Tr lehloroathana
-T rich lor Mttum
-Trlehloroethane
-Tr Ichloroatfiana
out or «n
Figure 2-10. Example Ad Hoc Report
CROSSMCMLK AIR TOXIC
Introduction
Installation
Main M«nu
Comnartd Kevs t ralt«
BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Mritten under contract
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL. PROTECTION AGENCV
Off it
of Air Qualitu Plar«nin0 an
-------
JL.O INTBODUCTION
Cl
This. docuMont contains trie susten uamr* s manual
for tha 1992 updata of tha U.S. Env i rora >ar> t a I
Pi-tit act ion Avancu's CEPA5 Qro&awMiftlkyAir Tovcica.
Ettission Factor CMATEF'} Database Management Stfsten
. Tne 1.993 release or XATEF is designated as
Version 2.O. The 2.993 update of XATEF Mas produced
Radian Corporation undar contract to EPA* s. Office of
Air QualitM Flanriirni and Standards . All uork
rfoi-fied under EP« Contract No. 6a-DO-OU35, Uork
No. 43.
Tha XATEF DBMS im a compilation of anission factors
for toxic: air pollutants and sourcas. Ttia
tains appi-oxittatelvf 7,1OO factot-a,
ut ants, «nd -^93 source categories* Tile factors
contained in the database can be used to derive
tiMtt approximations of toxic r« leases from a
source, out ara not intandad to naeacssarilu raprasant
tual enissions fcrom a specific source or-
The XATEF Version 2.O is an IBM« AT-conoat ib le
DBMS. Reduirewents to operate the sustett include si
Microsoft CNS» Disk IJoarating Siistan Uarsion 3.3
or later, an EGA or UQA color monitor, 512 kilofcwtes
Figure 2-12, Help Text Window
2.8 USING TOOLS
Selecting the Tools menu allows the user to rebuild the database sort
orders or to rebuild database indexes. These options are used when database
integrity is suspect.
Rebuild indexes should be used whenever XATEF exits with a. file error.
This may occur if index files become corrupted because of disk hardware or
out-of-space errors or power outages. Alternately, the .CDX files can be
deleted and will be built automatically when XATEF is restarted.
Rebuild sort order will resort the records. This should be used only
when an error occurs or the data sorting table becomes full. This feature
also rebuilds the indexes.
These tools will take some time to complete. We recommend using them at
the end of your XATEF session.
nja.096
2-22
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APPENDIX A
LIST OF COMMAND KEYSTROKES FOR USING XATEF 2.0
nja.098
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APPENDIX A
LIST OF COMMAND KEYSTROKES FOR USING XATEF 2.0
F6
Switch Windows
Data
Browse
Reports
Std Report
Ad Hoc Report
s
a
fools
Rebuild Sort Order
Rebuild Index
Help
Quit
Introduction
Installation
Main Menu
Browse
Report
Command Keystrokes
nja.098
A-l
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Pollutant Filter Button
SIC Filter Button
SCO Filter Button
Source Filter Button
Process Filter Button
Filter Summary
Load Filter
Save Filter
Clear Filter
Quit
Sort By
Reference
sniliS'P*
iS£fl?SSK$'*W8af&*'
o
i
s
c
p
m
1
V
e
'q
b
r
Display Pollutant Filter Screen
Display SIC Filter Screen
Display SCC Filter Screen
Display Emission Source Filter Screen
Display Industrial Process Filter
Screen
Display Summary of Active Filter Keys
Load Filter from Disk
Save Filter to Disk
Restore Database to Unfiltered State *
Quit Browser to Main Menu
Select Data Sorting Order
Display Reference of Current Factor
wm*m«*®®
Name Search
Code Search
'For' Entry Box
Apply
Exact Match
At -Start Match
Anywhere Match
Clear
Previous
Next
First
Last
Quit
:;;:;^::;:::::x::>i::>o;:v:;;:;::;;^^^;;:^
msm^?$mP-~3
m
d
f
a
X
t
y
c
p
n
f
1
q
1
Select Filter Keys by Name Hatch
Select Filter Keys by Code Match
Type in Characters/Numbers to Match
- Find and Highlight Matching Keys
Match Key Exactly to 'For' Criterion
Match First Characters of Key to 'For'
Match Anywhere Within Key to 'For'
Deselect All Currently Selected Keys
Find Previous Matching Key
Find Next Matching Key
Find First Matching Key
Find Last Matching Key
Quit to Brower Screen
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Reference Report
Std Report by CAS
Std Report by Poll
Std Report by SIC
Std Report by SCC
Std Report by Source
Std Report by Process
Quit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Q
Bibliographic Reference Report
Report Factors Ordered by CAS Number
Report Factors Ordered by Pollutant
Report Factors Ordered by SIC Code
Report Factors Ordered by SCC
Report Factors Ordered by SRC
Report Factors Ordered by PRC
Quit to Main Menu
yo
Clear
Clear Current Report Definition
Load
Load Report Definition from File
Save
Save Report Definition to File
Report
Proceed to Generate Report
Quit
Quit to Main Menu
Pile
Print
Quit
i - - -.;.;„_..„•.•„•„..••.•;«• •:;:•;•?•.•:•. •„•„••/-„• -:-„-•:•>:
f
P
q
y^^^^'^Mi^^^^M^ffi^^^^^^^^^^^S^Mffx^f^M^^^^^ff'
Send Current Report to File
Send Current Report to Printer
Quit to Ad Hoc Report Definition Screen
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Filename
£
Type File Name for Saving Report
Ok
Ok, Proceed to Save File
Cancel
Cancel Saving of Report
Ascii
Output Report in ASCII Format
Dbf
d
Output Report in dBase Format
Lotus
Output Report in Lotus 1-2-3 Format
nj u.098
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
l/latse reatf/nnmctiont
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