Onbir
                                                   NaturalGasf
                                                   EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER
CJ
 OT  nap-mepOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas  STAR
COMPOSITE WRAP FOR NON-LEAKING  PIPELINE
DEFECTS
KOMnOSMTHOE FlOKPblTME  flJlfl fEPMETMHHblX
flEOEKTOB TPYBOFlPOBOflOB
KoMnosMTHoe noKpbiine flBnaeicfl flonrospeivieHHOi/i, aKOHOMnnecKM acpcpeKiMBHOi/i lexHonornei/i pewioHia
Tpy6onpoBOfla, Koiopaa npuroflHa Arm repwieTUHMbix flecpeKios Tpy6onposofla Tuna BMHTMH, KasepH, uapannH n
o6mei/i KopposMM. HaHeceHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl BOSMOKHO 6es OTKnKweHMfl flei/icTByiomero Tpy6onposofla. 3ia
TexHonornfl pewioHia 6onee onepaiMBHa n aKOHOMMHHa OTHOcmenbHO flpyrux suflos pewioHTHbix pa6oi n npn
npasunbHOM npmvieHeHMM o6ecneKMTeneH n ipyfloeivioK. flpn saivieHe Tpy6onposofla HaHeceHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl mvieei
flonoriHMTenbHbie npemviymecTsa B sufle OTcyicTBMfl nepepbisos B o6cny>KMBaHMM saKasnuKa n
wieiaHa npn yflaneHnn rasa us nospe>KfleHHoro Tpy6onposofla.
          KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl B KanecTse anbiepHaTMBbi saivieHe Tpy6onposofla o6ecneHMBaeT coxpaHeHne
o6teivia rasa, flociaTOHHoro Ana HewieflneHHOi/i OKynaewioc™ BbinonHeHHbix pa6oi. flapiHep nporpaMMbi Natural Gas
STAR coo6maei o nposefleHnn OT 2 flo 65 pewioHTHbix pa6oi sa rofl c HaHeceHneivi KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl Ha
Tpy6onposofle fluaMeipoM 10 flioi/iMOB (0,25 M) n 6onee. flpn aioivi aKOHOMna rasa cocTasrifleT OT 526 Tbic. cpyi.3
(14,89 Tbic. M3) flo 27 500 Tbic. cpyi.3 (778,71 Tbic. M3) Ha Ka>Kflbii/i pewioHT. 3a nepnofl 1993-1999 rr. 3101 napinep,
MCKTHOHMB saivieHy ipy6onpoBOfla M ncnojibsya HaHeceHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl, nonyHMn
106 133 Tbic. cpyi.3 (3005,35 Tbic. M3) rasa.
MeTOfl coKpameHMfl
yjeHKM rasa
PSMOHT c HaHeceHneM
KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiina1
O6"beM 3KOHOMMM
npupoflHoro rasa,
TbIC. 4>yT.3 (TbIC. M3)
3 960 (112)
CTOMMOCTb
C3KOHOMJieHHOrO
npupoflHoro rasa2
$11 880
CTOMMOCTb
BbinOJIHeHMfl
pa6oT3
$3963
flepnofl
OKynaeMOCTM
HeMeflneHHbiM
1 ycrpaHeHne flecjaeKia paaiviepOM 6 fliOMMOB (0,15 M) Ha rpyGonposofle fluaMerpoivi 24 fliOMMOB (0,6 M), SKcnnyarnpyeMoro nofl flasneHneM
350 4>yHT/flK3MM2 (2,4 Mfla), npn pa3MeineHnn aanopHbix BeHTunew Ha paccroflHun 10 MMnb (16 KM).
2 ripeflncxnaraeMasq u,e»a npupoflnoro rasa $3/Tbic. 4>yr.3 ($106/ Tbic. M3)
3 BKJiiOHaeT rpyfloaarpaTbi, oGopyflosaHne M Marepnanbi, KOCseHHbie M3flep>KKM. npuMenaHne: cronMOCTb aaivieHbi rpyGonposofla B flaHHOM
npniviepe cocraBnsqeT $22 746, BK/iiOHasq cronMOCTb rasa fljisq npOflyBKM (asoj npn u,e»e $4/Tbic. cjayr.3 ($141/Tbic. M3). Bonee noflpoGnasq
MHC)3opMai4M5q npeflCTasneHa Ha puc. 5.
 HacToamm/i flOKywieHT - oflMH us OTHeios cepnn "Onbii npmvieHeHMfl", paspa6oTaHHOi/i EPA B coipyflHUHecTse c
 rasosoi/i oipacnbio B pawiKax npoeKios nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR.

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OnucaHne
TexHonoruM
            (He BbisbiBaiomne yieneK) flecpeKTbi Tpy6onposofla, TaKMe KBK
KopposMfl, BMflTMHbi, KasepHbi, uapannHbi, ipemnHbi, wioryi 6biib npunnHoi/i
paspbisa Tpy6onposofla. flenapiaMeni Tpancnopia CLUA (DOT) npeflnaraei
ipn ocHOBHbix wieiofla ycTpaneHMfl noflo6Hbix flecpeKios Ha cianbHbix
Tpy6onposoflax:

* yqanenne nospe>KfleHHoro ynaciKa Tpy6onposofla n era saMena;

* yciaHOBKa cianbHoi/i paspesHoi/i BciasKM c nonHbiM ocHameHneivi Ha
   nospe>KfleHHbii/i
* HaHeceHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl Ha nospe>KfleHHbii/i ynacTOK.

TexHonornn saMenbi ynaciKa Tpy6onposofla n yciaHOBKa cianbHbix sciasoK
flsrmioTCfl floporocToamnMM, Tpe6yK)mnMM flnmenbHbix saipai speMeHM n
TpyqoeMKMMM. KpoMe Toro, saMena Hacin Tpy6onposofla Tpe6yei
           era nospe>KfleHHoro ynaciKa n cooiBeTCTseHHO speMeHHoro
            noflann rasa, fas ycipaHfleicfl us Tpy6onposofla,
nospe>KfleHHbii/i ynacioK Bbipesaeica, a HOBbii/i cerMeHT Tpy6onposofla
ycTaHasnuBaeTCfl Ha 310 MSCTO MeioflOM csapKM. CianbHbie BciasKM
o6bNHO ncnonbsyioTCfl flna ycipaneHMfl yieHKM nnn ocna6neHMfl noioKa B
ipy6onpoBOfle 6es ociaHOBKM cucieMbi. floBpe>KfleHHbii/i ynacTOK
ipy6onpoBOfla ussneKaioT, onumaioT era BHeiiJHioK) nosepxHocib n
              cianbHyK) paspesHyio BciasKy, saKpennaa ee 6oriTaMM nnn
          i. HaHeceHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl B KanecTse anbiepHaTMBbi
saMeHbi ipy6onpoBOfla o6ecneKM n yMeHbtuaei aMnccnio Meiana B aiMoccpepy. CucieMbi
KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiTMfl  nosBonaioT nponsBOflMTb peMOHT ipy6onpoBOfla
6es OTKnioHeHMfl noflann  rasa, npoflysKM Tpy6onposofla nnn OTceneHMfl era
ynacTKa.

flei/iciBue CMCTSM KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl saKruoHaeicfl B nepeflane

nospe>KfleHHoro ynaciKa  nepes
HanonHMienb c BbicoKoi/i
cieneHbK) OKaina Ha
KOMnosMTHyio neHiy, Koiopaa
pasMemena BOKpyr
ipy6onpoBOfla n npuKpennena K
H6My
YciaHOBKa
KOMnOSMTHblM
                                                             Knacca BCTaeoK c nonHbiM
                                           MaiepnanoM.
                                             c
Knacc A: CianbHbie eciaBKn, KOiopbie HS
       npneapuBaiOTCa no OKpy>KHOCTM K
       ipySonpoeofly.

Knacc B: CianbHbie BCiaeKM npneapuBaiOTCa no
       OKpy>KHOCTM.
                           paccMaipMBaeicfl K3K pewioHT c
                           nonHbiM ocHamenneivi no inny A (CM. TeKCT nuxe).

                           BapnaHTbi KOMno3MTHoro noKpbiTusq

                           BapHaHTbl CMCT6M KOMnOSMTHOrO nOKpblTMfl pa3H006pa3Hbl. B 3TMX
                           cucieMax McnonbsyioTCfl pasnunnbie Maiepnanbi flna naMOTKH n aflresnn, B
                           HeKoiopbix MS HMX - anoKCMflHbie nojiMMepbi n OTBepflMTejin. flpuMepbi:
                           Clock Spring®, StrongBack, Armor Plate®, n PermaWrapTM. Ka>Kflbii/i us
                           sapnaHTOB MMeei onpeflenennbie npenMymecisa:

                           *  Clock Spring® - cucieMa, cocToamaa us ipex Haciei/i, B Koiopoi/i
                              co6cTB6HHO noKpbiTue cpopMnpyeica us cieKnoBonoKHa n nonnacpupHoi/i
                              CMonbi.

                           *  CucieMa StrongBack aKTMBMSupyeicfl sofloi/i n MOXST HaHocmbca Ha
                              ysna>KHeHHbie

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* Armor Plate® nponssoflm MHOKeciso cucieivi noKphiina, Koiopbie wioryi
   Sbiib McnonbsosaHbi B UJMPOKOM fluanasoHe ycnosm/i, BKnKwafl BbicoKoe
   MJIM HMSKoe flasneHne, BbicoKyio MJIM HMSKyio Tewinepaiypy (Huxe
   Tewinepaiypbi saiviepsaHMfl) n ncnonbsoBaHne nofl sofloi/i.

* PermaWrapTM (nponssoflHTCfl KowinaHnei/i WrapMaster) mvieei onu.MK),
                o6Hapy>KMTb npeflbiflymne BMTKM
                   aHannsaiopoM, i.e. onepaiopaivi He
             ynacTOK Tpy6onposofla, Koiopbii/i 6bin panee
   OTpeMOHTMposaH.

BonbiiJMHCTBO cpupM-MsroTOBMTenei/i npeflnaraei sufleocpunbivibi, o6yHeHne
n KOMnbioTepHbie nporpawiMbi aHannsa flecpeKios Tpy6onposoflOB.
TexHonornn KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl pasBusaioTCfl 6bicipo, n napiHepaivi
cneflyei BHUMaienbHO nsynaib BOSMOKHOCTM MX npmvieHeHMfl flna
ycipaHeHMfl repwieTUHMbix flecpeKios Ha ynaciKax Tpy6onposofla. B KOHue
ciaibn B cnncKe nmepaiypbi npusoflmcfl HenonHbii/i nepeneHb
npoM3BOflmenei/i KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl.

TexHonornyi Clock Spring®

KaK OTMeneHO Bbiiue, mvieeicfl HecKonbKO sapnaHTOB pewioHia c
ncnonbsoBaHneivi cucieivi KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl. HeKoiopbie napmepbi
Natural Gas STAR Ha npoTflxennn MHOFHX nei npnivieHflioT cucieiviy Clock
Spring®.1 flanee 6yflei npuseflena 6onee noriHaa MHCpopwiaunfl no
Maiepnanaivi, lexHonornn yciaHOBKM n pa6oie ainx cucieivi.
KoivinosMTHoe noKpbiine
Clock Spring® COCTOMT us
ipex Haciei/i:

1. BbicoKonpoHHaa,
            cipyKiypa us
cieKnoBonoKHa Ha
nonniviepHoi/i ocnose.

2. flsyxcociaBHafl,
BblCOKOaCpCpeKTMBHafl
Kneesaa cucieivia 6biciporo
                             MCTOHHMK: Clock Spring* Company L.P.
3. KoM6nHnpoBaHHbii/i HanonHMienb c BbicoKMM npeflenowi npoHHOcin na
OKaine flnfl nepepacnpefleneHMfl HarpysKM.

Crpyicrypa KOMnoanTHoro noKpbiTusq. MHorocnoi/iHoe KowinosmHoe
noKpbiine o6bNHO mvieei TonmnHy 0,062 flioi/iMa (0,16 CM) n coflepxm
cieKnoBonoKHO B npeflenax OT 60 flo 70 npou.eHTOB OT seca. OflMH BMTOK
noKpbiTMfl oxsaibiBaeT oflMH cpyi (0,3 ivieipa) no HanpasneHMK) Bflonb
ipy6onpoBOfla. KowinosmHoe  noKpbiine HaHocmca 8 BUTKawin BOKpyr
ipy6onpoBOfla n o6pasyeT yionmeHne 0,5 flioi/iMa  (1,27 CM) ynpoHHfliome
Maiepnana. flna Ka>Kfloro fluaMeipa ipy6bi flnnHa cnnpanbHoi/i nonocbi
pasnuHHa. KoMnosniHoe noKpbiine Clock Spring® MOXBT npuMeHflibca
Tpy6onpoBOflos fluaMeipoM OT 4 flo 56 flioi/iMOB (10,16-142 CM).
13iOT pasflen noceameH cucTeivie Clock Spring® B uenax ynpomeHna
aHannsa, npneoflUMoro flanee B STOM flOKyMeme. riporpaMMa Natural Gas STAR He
yiBep>KflaeT, HTO 3ia cucTeivia KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiina nyniue MJIM xy>K6 jiK>6oi/i flpyroi/i
cucieMbi, npeflciaBJieHHOi/i Ha PNHKB.

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K/ieu. flsyxKOMnoHeHTHbii/i Knei/i - anoKCMflHbii/i
Mcnonbsyeicfl Arm cpMKcauMM Maiepnana.

flepepacnpeAeneHne Harpysxu (HanojiHMTenb). flocne pewioHia
Tpy6onposofla HarpysKa, Koiopyio necyi CTSHKH Tpy6onposofla,
nepepacnpeflermeTCfl nepes HanonHmenb Ha KowinosnTHoe noKpbiine.
BHeiuHMi/i flecpeKT sanonHfleica MaiepnanoM HanonnnTerm, o6naflaK)mmvi
BbicoKMM npeflenowi npoHHOcin Ha OKaine n npefloispamaiommvi
ocna6neHne CTSHOK ipy6bi n ee flanbHei/Jiuee paspyujenne. Maiepnan
HanonHMienfl - MeiaKpynai mvieei npeflen npoHHOcin OKaina 6onee
800 cpyHT/flioi/iM2 (5,5 Mfla).

YcTaHOBKa. flna o6ecneHeHMfl npasunbHoro McnojibsosaHMfl cucieivibi
KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiTMfl Heo6xoflMMbi onpefleneHHbie HasbiKM. flpn
npnivieHeHMM cucieivibi KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl Clock Spring® npouecc
pewioHia Tpy6onposofla BKnionaeT cneflyiomne tuarn.

1.  SanoriHeHMe BHeujHero flecpeKia MaiepnanoM HanonHmenfl.
2.  HaHeceHne socbMH BMTKOB KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl BOKpyr
   Tpy6onposofla c Hano>KeHMeM Knea wie>Kfly
3.  3aifl>KKa KOMnosMTHOi/i HaioiaflKM Ha Tpy6onposofle xowiyTOM.
4.  flpocyujKa Kneesoro cnoa B revenue flsyx nacos.
5.  HaneceHne noKpbiinfl Ha BocciaHOBneHHbii/i ynacioK Tpy6onposofla
   npeflynpe>KfleHMfl nospe>KfleHm/i OT Kopposnn nnn ynbipacpnoneTOBoro
             (B sasucmvioc™ OT naseiviHoro nnn noflseMHoro
                Tpy6onposofla).
6.  O6paTHaa sacbinKa Tpy6onposofla (ecnn Heo6xoflmvio).
HaneceHne HanonHmenfl, Kneesoro cnoa n KowinosnTHbix
o6ecneKHbix MOMenioB, Koiopbie cneflyei
npn yciaHOBKe cucieivibi Clock Spring®:
* MaKcmvianbHafl pa6oHafl Tewinepaiypa flna ciaHflapiHoi/i cucieivibi Clock
   Spring® - 130°F (54°C) npn Hanxyfliunx BHeujHux ycnosnax npn
   o6BOflH6HHOM
* Tewinepaiypa rasa B Tpy6onposofle ivioxei flocinraib 180T (82,2°C),
   HTO flonycKaei npmvieHeHne 6onee cosepujeHMbix MOflenei/i cucieivibi
   Clock Spring®.

* l~lpn McnonbsoBaHMM cucieivibi Clock Spring® Ha naseiviHOM
   ipy6onpoBOfle Tpe6yeicfl Hanecenne samniHor
                    Maiepnana K ynbTpacpMoneioBoiviy
* PeMom no TexHonornn Clock Spring® Mowei 6biib nposeflen npn
   coxpaHeHnn flasneHMfl B Tpy6onposofle, HO KOMnaHMM-MsroTOBmenn
   peKOMeHflyioT era CHMxaib. 3io npusoflm K yMeHbiueHMK) HarpysKM Ha
   nospe>KfleHHbii/i ynacioK B nepnofl nposeflennfl pewioHTHbix pa6oi. flpn
   BocciaHOBneHMM flasjieHMfl n pacujupeHMM BoccTaHasnuBaeMoro
   ynaciKa HarpysKa nepeflaeica OT Meianna Ha KOMnosmnoe noKpbiine,
   HTO npuBOflni K ee nepepacnpefleneHMK).

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                      M
3KOHOMMHeCKMe
Bbiroflbi
                              flpn pewioHTHbix pa6oiax no lexHonornn Clock Spring® BMTKM nembi
                              flon>KHbi BbixoflMTb sa npeflejibi ynacTKa nospe>KfleHMfl c o6enx ciopoH
                              He wieHee neivi Ha 2 flKMMa (5 CM) arm saKpennennfl Ha ncxoflHOM
                              ipy6onpoBOfle. noaioiviy flna ycTpaneHMfl flecpeicra flnnnoi/i 8 flKMMOB
                              (20,3 CM) MO>KHO McnojibsosaTb oflny HaKnaflKy c nnHei/iHbiM pasMepoM
                              12 flKMMOB (30,5 CM), flrm ynaciKa nospe>KfleHMfl npoiaxeHHOcibK)
                              Sonee 8 flioi/iMOB (20,3 CM) HecKonbKO HaioiaflOK us KOMnosniHoro
                              noKpbiTMfl Kpenaicfl Me>Kfly co6oi/i 6ojrraMM flna noKpbiinfl scei/i flnnHbi
                              ynacTKa nospe>KfleHMfl c coxpaHeHneM sasopa B 0,5 flioi/iMa (1,3 CM) npn
                              cibiKOBOM coeflMHeHMM. B CLUA MssecieH onbii cibiKosoro coeflMHeHna
                              Sonee 15 HaKnaflOK Clock Spring® flna ycipaHeHMfl flecpeKios Ha
                              Tpy6onposoflax fluaMeipoM OT 16 flo 30 flioi/iMOB (41 CM flo 76 CM) npn
                                       B HMX 800 - 900 cpymYflioi/iM2 (OT 5,5 flo 6,2 Mfla).
McnojibsosaHne KOMnosmnoro noKpbiinfl, K3K anbTepnaTMBbi
Tpy6onposofla, MMeei cneflyiomne aKOHOMnnecKne n
BbirOflbl.
*  McKTHOHeHne saipai Ha ycianoBKy o6soflHbix ipy6 nnn speMeHHbix
   HMTOK Tpy6onposofla, o6ecneHMBaK)mMX HenpepbiBHyio noflany rasa B
   TeneHne peMOHia.

*  OicyTCTBue aMnccnn Meiana B aiMoccpepy. McnojibsosaHne
   KOMnOSMTHOrO nOKpblTMfl CHMXaei M3flep>KKM npOMSBOflCTBa, CBflSaHHbie C
            Meiana.
                           *  flpociafl M 6onee 6bicipafl yciaHOBKa 6es ncnojibsosaHMfl cneunanbHoro
                              o6opyflosaHMfl nnn BbicoKOKBanncpnunpoBaHHOi/i pa6oKHOCTb B6fleHMfl peMOHTHblX pa6OT npM nOJIHOM COXpaH6HMM
                                       B Tpy6onposofle. Xoia nponsBOflmenn peKOMeHflyioT
                                       B Tpy6onposofle Ha speMfl peMOHTHbix pa6oi.
                           flapiHepbi nporpaMMbi Moryi paccnmaTb o6teM SKOHOMMM Meiana n
                           nonyneHne flononHmenbHbix cpMHaHcosbix cpeflcis OT npuMeneHMfl
                           KOMnOSMTHOrO nOKpblTMfl BM6CTO 3aM6Hbl Tpy6onpOBOfl3 H3 OCHOB6
                           OTpa6oiaHHbix nain aianos. Ahanns saipai no HaHeceHMK) KOMnosniHoro
                           noKpbiTMfl, npusefleHMbii/i B "3iane 2", TaioKe nonesen npn cpasHeHnn c
                           sapnaHTOM peMOHia cianbHbix BciasoK, ecnn OHM tunpoKO npuMeHflioTCfl
                           saiuei/i KOMnaHnei/i.

                           3Tan 1: Bbi6op Mecra npuMeneHMsq. O6bNHbie repMeinnHbie flecpeKTbi,
                                 K3K BMflTMHbi, KasepHbi M o6maa Kopposufl, Moryi ycipaHflTbca nyieM
                                     KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl. flecpeKTbi, BbisbiBaiomne noiepio flo
                           80% TOJimUHbl CT6HKM Tpy6bl, MO>KHO yCTpaHMTb HaHeceHMeM KOMnOSMTHOrO
                                    flpn  era npuMeHeHnn He cymecTsyei orpaHMHenm/i Ha sennHMHy
                                    . KoMnosmnoe noKpbiine MOXBT 6biib speMenno ncnojibsosaHO
                               ycipaHeHMfl Kopposnn BHyipeHHei/i nosepxHoc™. Ecnn MCTOHHMK
                           Kopposnn ycipaHeH, TO peMom MO>KHO OTHecin K Kaieropnn
                           flonrospeMeHHbix Mep.
                               paCCMOTpeHMM B03MO>KHOCTM MCnOJIbSOBaHMfl KOMnOSMTHOrO
                           sa>KHbiMM cpaKiopaMM flsnaioTCfl my6nHa n flnnHa nciomeHUfl CTBHOK
                           ipy6onpoBOfla nnn flecpopMauna, ycnosHbii/i npeflen TeKynec™, rny6nHa
                           flecpeKia n npoTflwem-iocTb, fluaMeip Tpy6onposofla, TonmnHa cieHKM n
                                    pa6o
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OKOHHaienbHoro pewem/ia no
B03MOKHOCTM                 FlflTb 3T3nOB RO OMGHKe L(eJieCOO6pa3HOCTM
BocciaHOBJieHMfl ynaciKa       peMOHTa c HaHeceHMeM KoivmosMTHoro
Tpy6onposofla B
COOTB6TCTBMM CO
                            1 • Bbl6°P M8CTa
yiBep>KfleHHblMM              2. Pacnei CTOMMOCTM peMOHia c
AwiepHKaHCKUM o6meciBOM       KOMnosmHoro noKpbm/ia.
MH>KeHepOB - MexaHMKOB       3 Oi48HKa coKpamem/ia SMMCCMM MeiaHa.
(ASME), nyieivi HaHeceHna
                            4' PaCH6T CTOMMOC™ 3aM6Hbl
Heo6xoflMMO nposec™         5- OueHKa SKOHOMMHSCKHX
TmaienbHbie usiviepeHMfl B
nonesbix ycnosuflx. flpn aioivi ivioxei 6biib ncnojibsosaHO nporpawiMHoe
o6ecneKeHMfl.
flpn BbmsneHnn HenpuroflHocin pewioHia c HaHeceHMeM KOMnosmnoro
noKpbiTMfl n onpeflenennn Heo6xoflMMOCTM yflanennfl n saivienbi ipy6
napiHepaivi cneflyei paccMoipeib flpyrne lexHonornn, peKowieHflyeivibie
nporpawiMoi/i Natural Gas STAR, HTo6bi coKpaimb aMnccnio wieiaHa us
ynaciKa Tpy6onposofla, Haxoflameroca B ciaflnn pewioHia. flononHmenbHO
3TOT sonpoc paccMoipeH B oineie 'TIpuMeHeHue mexHonoauu
mpy6onpoeoda drift c6poca daeneHUfi aasa do npoeedemifi
mexo6cny>KU8aHUfi" cepnn  "Onbii
3ran 2: Pacner CTOMMOCTM peMOHTa c HaHeceHMeM KOMnosMTHoro
nOKpblTMfl. ClOMMOCTb peMOHTa C HaHeceHMeM KOMnOSMTHOrO nOKpblTMfl B
6onbiuei/i cienenn sasucm OT pasMepos flecpeKia n fluaMeipa
Tpy6onposofla. McxoflHbie saipaibi na npuMeHeHne lexHonornn
KOMnosnTHoro noKpbiTMfl BKruonaioT cioMMOCTb Tpyflosaipai, o6opyflosaHMfl
n MaiepnanoB, a TaioKe KocseHHbie saipaibi Ha nonyneHne paspeujennfl n
MHcneKTHposaHne. Flo MHenmo nociasmnKOB, npuHflBiunx ynacTue B
       MccneflosaHMM, 6pnrafla us flByx HenoseK cnoco6Ha yciaHOBMTb
     cucieMy KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl Clock Spring® sa 0,5 naca.
           pacnei flonycKaei, HTO npn HaHeceHnn KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl
Ha Ka>Kfloro HenoseKa npuxoflmca 2,5 naca saipai speMenn (0,5 naca na
yciaHOBKy n 2 naca Ha OTBepflenne). flna 6onee TOHHOTO pacneia
npoflon>KMTenbHOCTM  peMOHia cneflyei BKruonaib speMfl na seMnanbie
pa6oibi, yciaHOBKy KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl, oisepfleHne Knefl, ocyiiJKy
M3ormu.MM n o6paTHyio sacbinKy Tpy6onposofla. Flo flaHHbiM oflHoro us
napiHepos, Ha U.MKTI OT nposeflennfl seMnanbix pa6oi flo o6paiHoi/i sacbinKM
ipy6onpoBOfla npn HaHeceHnn 4 KOMnosmHbix noKpbiim/i MM 6bino
saipaneHO 16 nacos.  OueHKa TaioKe flon>KHa BKnionaTb npaMbie saipaibi Ha
pacxoflHbie peMOHTHbie Maiepnanbi (nanpuMep, KOMnneKT KOMnosmnoro
noKpbiTMfl n M3ormu.nfl) n KocseHHbie pacxoflbi, npeflnonaraiomne
MHcneKTHposaHne n nonyneHne  paspeiueHMfl.

KoMnneKT KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl Clock Spring® coflepxm 6onbLuoe
KonnnecTBO npeflMeios flna sefleHna peMOHTHbix pa6oi, BKruonaa neHiy,
Knei/i, HanojiHMTenb, noKpacoHHbii/i sannK  n KMCTM. CionMOCTb KOMnneKia
    peMOHia Tpy6onposofla MOXBT cociaanflTb $432 flna Tpy6onposofla
          4 flioi/iMa (10 CM) n nonin $2  000 flna Tpy6onposofla
          56 flioi/iMOB (142 CM). Cneflyei npno6pec™ n flononnmenbHoe
o6opyqoBaHne, BKnionaiomee na>KMMHOi/i  6pycoK, CKo6y n flosaiop

-------
            6apa6ana. 3io o6opyqoBaHMe MO>KHO
HecKonbKO pas, M noaioiviy saipaibi Ha era npno6peTeHne BKnKwaioTCfl Ha
secb nepMOfl aKcnnyaiaunn. flononHMTenbHaa MHCpopMauMfl no
             KowinosnTHbix noKpbiTMM npMseflena B
Cucieivibi flpyrux nponsBOflmenei/i nivieioT MHyio KOMnneKiaunK). B
ciaibe He cpasHnsaioTCfl aKOHOMnnecKne noKasaienn scex flociynnbix
CMCT6M KOMnOSMTHOrO nOKpblTMfl, HO OTMeTMM, HTO flaHHbM pblHOK BeCbMa
KOHKypeHiocnoco6eH. flpuBOflmvibii/i flanee aKOHOMnnecKMi/i ananna
BKnionaeT uenosyK) HHCpopMaumo, npeflocTasneHHyK) Clock Spring®.
flapiHepbi wioryi Hai/i™ cawiocTOflTenbHO cucieiviy KowinosnTHoro
Sonee nonHO yflosneTBOpfliomyK) Tpe6oBaHneivi KowinaHnn,
wieioflMKy, npeflCTasneHHyK) B paaflene "Onbii npnivieHeHMfl", n nposecin
co6cTBeHHbii/i
Ha puc. 1 npusefleHbi o6menpnHflTbie nsflepxKM no Tpyflosaipaiaivi n
o6opyflOBaHMK), ncnonbsyeivibie npn pacneie CTOMMOCTM pewioHia c
HaHeceHneivi KowinosnTHoro noKpbiinfl. Pasosbie saipaibi Ha o6yHeHne
nepconana n npno6peTeHne o6opyflosaHMfl MHoropasosoro ncnojibsosaHMfl
MCKTHOHeHbi, T.K. npeflnojiaraeicfl, HTO OHM pasnbi nnn nuxe 3KBMBaneHTHOi/i
CTOMMOCTM MX npMMeHeHMfl no npoeKTy saivienbi Tpy6onposofla.

SaMeTMM, HTO CTOMMOCTb TpyflO33TpaT H6 flBJIfleTCfl OflMHaKOBOM flJIfl BC6X
      pewioHTa c naneceHMeivi KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiTMfl, noaraiviy
              npeflsapMTenbHaa KOHcynbrauMfl c KOMnaHMei/i-
MsroTOBMTeneM flna OKOHHaTenbHoro pacneTa CTOMMOCTM peMOHTa.

-------
 PMC. 1 : PacneT CTOMMOCTM ycTaHOBKM KoivmosMTHoro

flano: PSMOHT repMeTMHHoro fledpeKTa npOTsweHHOCTbio 6 AIOMMOB Ha ipySonpoeofle
fluaMeipOM 24 flK>MMa (61 CM), paSoiaioinero npn flaaneHMM  350 dpyHT/fliOMM2 (2,4 Mfla);
npeflnonaraeivioe epeivia saeepiueHMa npoeKia 16 nacoe1 npi/i McnoribSOBaHMM yKasaHHbix
KaTeropMM Tpyflosaipai2. flonycTMMbie saipaibi Ha MH>KeHepHO-TexHMHecKoe pyKOBOflciBO
n nnaHMpoeaHne cocTaanaiOT 25 % OT CTOMMOCTM TpyflOsaTpaT Ha ynacTKe.
      Cpag    = CTOMMOCTb TpyflO33TpaT
            rimacoeaft cmaeKa pa6mux Ha yyacmKe
            MexanMK           = $34/nac
            TpySonpOBOflHMK    =$31/nac
            flOflCOSHblM paSOHMM = $21/H3C
      Co5opyfl = CTOMMOCTb oSopyqoBanMH
            CmouMocmb omdenbHoao odopydoeanua
            KoMnneKT KOMnosMTHOro noKpbiTMa                = $878 sa 1 KOMnneKT
            KanaBOKOnaTenb c oSpaTHOM nonaTOM              = $36/nac
            OSopyqoBanMe necKOCTpyMHOM o6pa6oTKH          = $10/nac
            FlOKpbiTMe TpySonpOBOfla (5 % KOMnosMTHbiM KOMnneKT) = $44
      CKOCB   = KocBSHHbie M3flep>KKM, BKnKwaiOLUMe paSoTy MHcneKMMOHHOM SpMraflbi
                na ynacTKe, nonyneHMe paspeiueHMa M T.fl. (MCXOfla  MS TOFO, HTO OHM
                cocTaanaiOT 50 % OT nonnoM CTOMMOCTM oSopyqoBanMa M TpyqosaTpaT3)
 (1)
       CTpfl3   = CTOMMOCTb MHwenepHO-TexHMHecKoro pyKOBOflCTsa + TpyflosaTpaTbi na
                ynacTKe
       TpyflOsaTpaTbi na ynacTKe = nonacoeaa CTaeKa * neoSxoflMMoe epeMa Ana
                              saeepiueHMa paSoT
                             = ($34 + $31 +$21)*16
                             = $1 376
       CTOMMOCTb MHweHepHO-TexHMHecKoro pyKOBOflCTea = 0,25 * $1 376 = $344
       CTPfl3.   = $344+$1 376 = $1 720
 (2)    PacHCT CTOMMOCTM o6opyflOBaHMfl
       Co5opyfl = CTOMMOCTb paCXOflHblX MaTSpMajlOB (KOMRJieKT KOMnOSMTHOfO nOKpblTMS
                M M3onai4Ma) + CTOMMOCTb apeHflbi/Mcnonb3OBaHMH oSopyqoeaHMa Ha
                M8CT8
              = $878 + $44 + ($36 *16) + ($10 *16)
              = $1 658
 (3)    PaCHCT KOCB6HHblX 33TP3T
       CKOC   = CTOMMOCTb paspeiueHMa, MHcneKTMpoeaHMa, saTpaTN na Tpaccy
                TpySonpoeofla
             = 0,5 * (CTpfl3 + Co6opyfl.) = 0,5 * ($1 720 + $1 658)
             = $1 689
 (4)    PaCHCT O61H6M CTOMMOCTb pCMOHTa
       O6maa CTOMMOCTb PSMOHTB = CTpfl3 + Co5opyfl + CKOC
             = $1 720 + $1 658 + $1 689
             = $5 067
1 l/lHC}x)pMai4MH, npeflOGTaaneHHaa napmepOM.
2 Quick, P."Economics of Pipeline Repair," The Southern Gas Association Transmission
Operating Conference, New Orleans, LA, July 2001.
3 ripMeeflena MHCfcopMauiiH MSCTaTbM Boreman, David.J.et.al. "Repair Technologies for Gas
Transmission Pipelines," Pipeline and Gas Journal, March 2000.

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3ran 3. OueHxa coxpaujeHMfi SMMCCMM MeraHa. PewioHT c
                 KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl He npuMeHfleica Arm
              yieneK wieiaHa. KonnnecTBO coxpaHeHHoro rasa
cooTBeTCTByei o6teiviy rasa, Koiopbii/i wior 6biib BbinymeH us Tpy6onposofla
npn era saivieHe. TexHonorna pewioHia c saivieHoi/i Tpy6onposofla Tpe6yei
nepeKpbiTMfl rasocHa6>KeHMfl n MsormuMM nospe>KfleHHoro ynaciKa c
npmvieHeHMeM sanopHbix BeHinnei/i. MHTepsan paswiemeHna sanopHbix
seHTunei/i npeflycMaipMBaeicfl CTaHflapiaiviM MuHnciepcTBa ipaHcnopia
CLUA (DOT) n MOKei cocTasnflTb flo 10 winnb (16 KM). MeiaH nsonnpyeivioro
ynaciKa Tpy6onposofla o6bNHO BbinycKaeica B aiMoccpepy.

Ha puc. 2 npeflCTasneH Bosivio>KHbii/i o6teM coxpaHeHna rasa  npn
McnonbsoBaHMM KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiTMfl npn oiKase OT saivieHbi
Tpy6onposofla, Koiopbii/i MO>KHO paccnmaTb c noMoujbK) npocioi/i cpopwiynbi,
             i flasneHne B Tpy6onposofle, flnnHy nsonnpyeivioro ynaciKa n
          nonepeHHoro
   PMC 2: PacneT SKOHOMMM Mejana npn peMOHTe c HaHeceHiieM
                       KOMnOSMTHOrO
  flano: KoMnaHna npoeoflm peMOHT c HaHeceHMeM KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiina Ha
  ipySonpOBdo fluaMeipOM 24 flioi/iMa (61 CM) npn flaaneHMM B HSM 350 cf>yHT/,qK>i/iM2
  (2,4 Mna) n paccTOHHMM Me>Kfly sanopHbiMM BeHTunaMM  10 MMJib (16 KM).
  D    = BHyipeHHHi/i fluaMeip ipySonpoeofla,
  L    = PaccioaHne Me>Kfly sanopHbiMM BeHimiaMn Ha ipySonpoeofle,
  P    = flaanenne B ipySonpoeofle, psia f\nn HMSKOro flaaneHna1 (psig f\nn BbicoKoro

                             Meiana $3/Tbic. $>yr? ($106/ INC. M3)
  VMeTaH = O6t8M 3MMCCMM

  (1) PacHCT o6"beMa OMMCCMM Merana
  SKOHOMMS Meiana npn ncnojibSOBaHnn KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiina = MCKJiiOHeHHaa
  Meiana npn oiKase OT saMSHbi ipySonpoeofla

  VMeTaH = oSteM 3KOHOMMM MSiaHa B pesyjibTaie HaHeceHna KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiina Ha
  ipySonpOBqq nofl paSonuM flaaneHneM
  V,
                 1 000
              5280°V
                ooo
                   l
                             = 3 690 TNG.
              1 000

  (2) PaCHCT CTOMMOCTM C3KOHOMJ16HHOrO
  CionMOCTb Meiana, csKOHOMJiem-ioro npi/i HaHecem/in KOMnosMTHoro

         = ^MeraH * ^MeTaH
         = (3 960 Tbic. dpyT.3)* $3/Tbic. dpyr.3 ($1067 INC. M3)
         = $11 880


  MCTOHHMK: Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook, 5th Edition, 2002.
 1 flaanem/ie B ipySonposofle Menee 50 dpyHT/flioi/iM2 (0,3 Mfla) CHMTaeica HMSKMM.

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                                         3Tan 4. PacneT CTOMMOCTM saiuieHbi Tpy6onpoeoAa. Saipaibi Ha sawieny
                                         Tpy6onposofla wioryi 6biib OTHecenbi K ipeivi Kaieropuflivi:
                                                       OHMCTKM.
                                         *  CiomviocTb o6opyqoBaHMfl M TpyqosaipaTbi.

                                         *  flonoriHMTenbHbie KocseHHbie nsflepxKM, csasaHHbie c saivieHoi/i
                                            Tpy6onposofla, TaKMe K3K ciomviocTb onosemeHMfl npn
                                            rasocHa6>KeHMfl, BcipenHbii/i sanycK BcnoMoraienbHbix cucieivi
                                                            ycnyrn n nonyneHne paspeiueHMfl.
                                         flocne saivieHbi Tpy6onposofla, cymecTsyei Heo6xoflmviocTb
                                         BocciaHOBneHHoro ynaciKa nepefl era noflKnioHeHneivi B cucieiviy, HTO
                                         o6ycnaBnnBaeT Heo6xoflmviocTb noKynKM MHepiHbix rasos, TaKMX K3K asoi.
                                         Ha puc. 3 npuseflena ouemo saipai Ha UMIOI npoflysKM, nonyneHHafl nyieivi
                                                    o6teivia rasa, Tpe6yeivioro Ana npoflysKM, Ha era cioniviocTb.
                                           PMC. 3: PacneT aajpaj Ha npoAyexy npn saivieHe Tpy6onpoBOfla
                                          flano: npeflnono>KMM, HTO ipySonpoeofl fluaMeipOM 24 flioi/iMa (61 CM) paSoiaei npn
                                          flaaneHnn 350 psig (2,4 Mfla) n sanopHbie eeHTmin pasMeineHbi Ha paccToaHMM 10
                                          (16KM)flpyroTflpyra.
                                          D   = BHyipeHHUi/i fluaMeip ipySonpoeofla
                                          L   = PaccTOHHi/ie Me>Kfly sanopHbiMM KnananaMM Ha TpySonpoeqqe
                                          VyH = O6teM ynaciKa TpySonpoeqqa
                                          Pra3 = TeKymaa pbiHOHHaa U,BHB npOflyeoHHOro rasa
                                          Vra3 = O6teM npOflyeoHHOro rasa
                                          (1) PacHCT o6"beMa npoflysoHHoro rasa
                                          Vra3 = O6teM npOflyeoHHOro rasa1, ncnoribsyeMbii/i npn L(MKne saivieHbi ipySonpoeofla
                                                 = VyH * 1 ,2 (BOCCTaHoaneHne JIMHMM ipySonpoeofla + 20% noiepb)
                                                         D2 * L
                                                    4*144*1 000
                                                                 1,2
         f3,14*242*52800Ni ,
       ~ [  4*144*1 000 J   '

       = 199 Tbic. $yT.3 (5635,05 M3)

(2) PacHCT CTOMMOCTM npoflysoHHoro rasa
CionMOCTb npOflyeoHHOro rasa  = Vras *Pras
                       = 199 Tbic.
                       = $7 961
                                                                              (5635,05 M3) * $47 Tbic. cJjyT.3 (141/Tbic. M3
                                                a us Toro, HTO B KaneciBe MHepiHoro rasa esai asoi no u/sne $4/Tbic. cjjyr.3
                                          ($141/TblC. M3).
10

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Ha PMC. 4 noKasaH pacnei Tpyflosaipai n CTOMMOCTM o6opyflosaHMfl no
npoeicry saivieHbi Tpy6onposofla. B u,enoM saipaibi no npoeicry saivieHbi
ipy6onpoBOfla o6bNHO Bbiiue, neivi no npoeicry pewioHia c HaHeceHneivi
KOMnOSMTHOrO
    PMC. 4:  PacneT jpyfloaajpaT, CTOMMOCTM o6opyflOBaHMfl M
    KOCBGHHbix M3flep>KeK no npoeKTy saMGHbi Tpy6onpoBOfla
  flano: KoMnaHMa-ana,qenei4 ipySonpoeofla o6napy>KM.na
  npOTOKSHHOCTbio 6 fliOMMOB (15,2 CM) Ha ipySonpoeofle fluaMeipOM 24 fliOMMa (61 CM),
  paSoiaiOLuero npn flaaneHnn 350 psig (2,4 Mfla). PaccioaHne Me>Kfly sanopHbiMM
            cociaanaeT 10 Munb (16 KM). SaMena ynaciKa ipySonpoeofla AnnHOi/i 72
        (183 CM)'.
  npeflnonaraeica, HTO oSteM paSoi paccHmaH Ha 40 nacoe2 npn cneflytoinnx Kaieropnax
  Tpyflosaipai, Knacce oSopyfloeaHna n ciaeKax nonacoBOi/i onnaibi ipyfla3.
  npeflnonaraeica TaioKe, HTO saipaibi Ha MH>KeHepHO-TexHMHecKoe pyKOBOflciBO n
  nnaHMpoeaHne cocTaanaiOT 25 % OT oSteMa Tpyflosaipai na ynaciKe.
  /7o4acoea» cmaeKa onr/amu no Kaxdou Kameaopuu mpydosampam
                    = $35/nac.
  Onepaiop          = $34/nac.
  TpySonpoeoflHMK    = $31/nac.
                   i/i = $21/nac.
  CmouMocmb odopydoeanuft
            i Kpan / cipena           = $36/nac.
  CsapOHHoe ycipoi/iCTBO             = $20/nac.
  KaHaBOKOnaienb c o6paiHOi/i nonaioi/i = $36/nac.
           ipySa4                   = $50/c}3yT. (0,3 M)
                                   = $303
  (1)
  CionMOCTb Tpyflosaipai Ha ynaciKe = ($35 + $34 + $31 + $21 )/nac * 40 nac = $4 840
  CionMOCTb saipai na MH>KeHepHO-TexHMHecKoe pyKOBOflCTBO  = 0,25 * $4 840 = $1 210
  OSmaa CTOMMOCTb Tpyflosaipai CTpfl3 = $4 840 + $1 210 = $6 050
  (2) PacHCT CTOMMOCTM o6opyflOBaHMH
  flojiHaa CTOMMOCTb oSopyqoBaHna Co5opyfl
  = ($36 + $20 + $36)/nac*40 + $50/ c}3yT. (0,3 MSTP)* 6 cJjyroB (1 ,82 MSTPOB) + $303
  = $4283
  (3) PaCHCT KOCB6HHblX
  KocBSHHbie M3flep>KKM = CTOMMOCTb paspeiueHMa, MHcneKMMOHHbie ycnyrw, saTpaTbi Ha
  Tpaccy TpySonpOBOfla6.
  CKOC = (flpeiqnojiaraiOT 40 % OT o6mei/i CTOMMOCTM o6opyflOB3HMa M TpyqosaTpaT)
      = 0,4 * (CTpfl3 + Co6opyfl )
      = $4133

  (4) PacHCT nojiHOM CTOMMOCTM
         CTOMMOCTb = CTpfl3 + Co5opyfl  + CKOC
                   = $14466
 1 SaivieHa ynacTKa flnnHOM, He Menee Hem B Tpn paaa npeBbiiuaiomeM fluaivieTp Tpy6onpOBOfla.
 l/lH4)opiviaL(Ma npeflOCTaBJieHa napTHepaMM.
 2 Bpeivia, Heo6xoflnivioe Ha aaivieHy Tpy6onpOBOfla, HannHaa c aeivinaHbix pa6oT flo o6paTHOM aacbinKM
 Tpy6onpOBOfla. l/lHCjDopiviauMa npeflOCTaBJieHa napTHepoivi. npunaTa 1 paGonaa neflena (SflHew, 8
 nacoB/fleHb). CsepxypOHHoe Bpeivia MCKniOHeHO.
 3 Quick, P. "Economics of Pipeline Repair", Conference "The Southern Gas Association Transmission
 Operating Conference", New Orleans, LA, July 2001.
 4 flpuHHTO $50/4)yr. ($164/M). l/lH4)OpMau,MH npeflOCTaBneHa napTHepOM.
 5 Ha OCHOBB MH4)opiviaL(MM us >KypHana "Oil and Gas Journal", "Composite Wrap Approved for U.S. Gas-
 Pipeline Repairs", October 9, 1995. Mcnonb3OBaHa CTOMMOCTb B Tpn paaa npesbiiuaiomaa Ty, HTO
 yKaaana flna paapeanoM BCTBEKM c paaiviepOM 2 qbyra (0,6 M)
 3 B3HTO us CTBTbn Boreman, David. J. et. al. "Repair Technologies for Gas Transmission Pipelines,"
 >KypHan "Pipeline and Gas Journal", March 2000.
                                                                                 11

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                                     3Tan 5: OueHxa SKOHOMUHGCKHX noxasaTe/ieu. Ha puc. 5
                                     cpasHeHne saipai no sapi/iamaM saivieHbi ynaciKa nospe>KfleHHoro
                                     Tpy6onposofla n ycipaHeHMfl flecpeicra c noMoujbK}
                                     KOMnOSMTHOrO
                                     B Ka>KflOM MS cnynaeB flecpeicr 6bin o6Hapy>KeH Ha Tpy6onposofle
                                               24 flioi/iMa, pa6oiaK)meM npn flasneHMM 350 psig (2,4 Mfla).
                                                  oinnHne saKnioHanocb B pasiviepe flecpeKia; B nepsoivi
                                     cnynae pasiviep flecpeKia cociaBriRn 6 flioi/iMOB (15 CM), a BO siopoM -
                                     24 flKMMa (61 CM). flaHHbie flsa npuMepa Bbi6paHbi ssufly Toro, HTO nepsbii/i
                                     KopoiKMi/i flecpeKT Tpy6onposofla npeflCTasnaeT co6oi/i Han6onee innnHHyKi
                                     cmyaunK) flna nposefleHna peMOHia, a siopoi/i, npn npoTflweHHOM flecpeKie
                                     ynaciKa Tpy6onposofla, paccMaipMBaeicfl K3K cueHapni/i, Korfla cionMOCTb
                                     peMOHia c HaHeceHneM KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl  Bbiiue CTOMMOCTM
                                     Tpy6onposofla.
                                         peMOHia, K3K B nepsoM, iaK n BO BiopoM cnynae, Heo6xoflMMO
                                     nposefleHne 3eMrmHbix pa6oi no BbieMKe rpyHia n o6paiHoi/i sacbinKe
                                     ipy6onpoBOfla. B uermx ynpomeHna cpasHmenbHoro aHannsa cionMOCTb
                                     noflo6Hbix o6menpnHflTbix flei/icTsm/i npuHflia pasHoi/i flna o6onx cnynaes n
                                               us pacneia.
                                     OciaioK MSflepxeK no MaiepnanaM n TpyflosaipaiaM HHflnsuflyaneH
                                     Ka>Kfloro cnynafl peMOHis. Ha puc. 5 npuseflen nepeneHb ocHOBHbix saipai
                                     no Ka>KflOMy BMfly peMOHia. noflteMHbii/i Kp3H nnn rpysosnK co cipenoi/i
                                     Heo6xoflMMbi TonbKO npn saMSHe ipy6onpoBOfla n saipaibi Ha HMX
                                               B OCHOBHOM
                                     flocne BbipasHMsaHMfl n npuBapusaHMfl saMeHeHHoro ynaciKa
                                     ipy6onpoBOfla K ncnbiiaHMK) HaflexHocin csapHbix UJBOB npuciynaioT nepea
                                     24 naca. AHanns, npusefleHMbii/i Ha puc. 5, npeflnonaraei, HTO TecTuposaHne
                                     sasepiuaeTCfl B yciaHOBnenHbii/i cpoK.

                                     flaHHbii/i aHanns fleMOHCipupyei, HTO peMOHT c HaHeceHneM KOMnosniHoro
                                     noKpbiTMfl npuBOflni K cyujecTBeHHOi/i 3KOHOMMM Meiana, asoia n
                                     Tpyflosaipai. CionMOCTb KOMnneKia KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl HMSKaa no
                                     nepsoMy cueHapnio, iaK KaKflna flecpeKia pasMepoM 6 flioi/iMOB (15 CM)
                                     Tpe6yeicfl TonbKO oflMH peMOHTHbii/i KOMnneKT. flpn flecpeKie,
                                     npesbiiuaiomeM 6 flioi/iMOB (15 CM), TonbKO oflHa aKOHOMna Meiana
                                     noKpbisaeT cionMOCTb peMOHia c HaHeceHneM KOMnosniHoro noKpbiinfl n
                                     o6ecneHMBaeT HeMeflneHHbii/i nepnofl OKynaeMocin.
12

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      PMC. 5: CpaBHGHkie aKOHOMnnecKiix noKasaTe/ieft aaivieHbi
       jpy6onpoBOfla n HaHecemifl KOMnosnTHoro
 flano: TpySonpoeofl fluaMeipOM 24 flKMMOB (61 CM), paSoraioinm/i npi/i flaaneHMM B
 350 psig1 (2,4 Mfla) c pasMemem/ieM sanopHbix BeHTunei/i Ha paccToam/iM 10 MMJib  (16 KM)
 flpyr OT flpyra.




floTepa MSTana
flpOflyBOHHbiM ras,
TbIC. CfiyT.3 (M3)
KOJ1MH8CTBO KOMnjlSKTOB
KOMflOSMTHOrO flOKpblTMH
CTOMMOCTb 3MMCCMM
MSTana3
CTOMMOCTb
npOflyBOHHOro rasa4
PaSonaa CMna5
O6opyflOB3HMe M
MaTepManbi6
KocBSHHbie pacxoflbi
peMOHTa
HaMSonee
SKOHOMMHHbie BapMBHTbl
fle4>eieKT 234 flHDMMa (5,9 M)
PGMOHT c
HaHeceHMeM
KOMnOSMTHO-
ro noKpbiTMa
0
0
202
$0
$0
$3440
$18440
$10940
$32 820

SaMGHa
rpySonpo-
BOfla

3960
199(5635,05)
0
$11 880
$796
$6525
$7280
$5522
$32 003
X
 1 SKBMBaneHTHO CHuweHMio flaeneHMH, npn KOTOPOM 6yfler HaneceHO KOMnoanrHoe noKpbiTne.
 2 OCHOB3HO Ha KOnnHecTBe pacnono>KeHHbix paflOM BMTKOB KOMncenTHOro nOKpbirna 3a BbNerOM 2
 flKWMOB (5 CM) flnnHbi, Heo6xqqnMOM c Ka>KflOM OKOH6HHOM cropOHbi nepBOM M nocn^qHeM HaKnaflKM
 flna KpenneHna KOMncoMTHOro nOKpbirna Ha ncxoflHOM rpy6onpOBOfle.
 3 Hpn u/sue Merana $3 cjDyr.3 ($106/ Tbic. M3).
 4 Hpn u/sue aaora $4/Tbic. cjDyr.3 ($141/Tbic. M3).
 5 3aM6H3 rpy6onpOBOfl3: npeflnonsrser 40 HBCOB pa6orbi (6e3 CBepxypOHHOro BpeivieHM) flna
 saBepiueHna npoeKia npn flecjDeKie 6 fliOMMOB (15 CM); 60 HBCOB (6e3 CBepxypOHHOro BpeMenn) - flna
 npoeKia npn flecjDeiue npora>KeHHOCTbio 24 fliOMMa (61 CM). PeMOHT c HaneceHneM KOMnosurHoro
 nc-KpbiTMH npeflnonaraer 16 HBCOB pa6orbi flna peannaaunn npoeKia npn flecjDeKie 6 flKWMOB (15 CM)
 M 32 naca - flna npoeKia npn flecjDeKie 234 fliOMMa (5,9 M). CraBKM onnarbi rpyfla npusefleHbi Ha PMC. 1
 M 4. TpyfloaarpaTbi npn aaMene rpy6onpOBOfla MCKnionaiOT rpyfl oneparopOB, TBK KBK npeflnonaranocb,
 HTO MX ocHOBHaa ponb CBaaana c npc-BefleHneM aeMJianbix pa6or M pa6or no o6parHOM aacbinKe
 rpy6onpOBOfla.
 HMK3KMX noflo6Hbix KOppeKTMpOBOK He cymecTByei fljia KareropuM TpyflO33rp3T npn peMOHie c
 H3HeCeHM6M KOMnO3MTHOrO HOKpblTMa.
 3 l/ICKnKweH3 CTOMMOCTb KaHaBOKonaTsna c o6paTHOM nonaTOM M o6opyflOBaHna necKOCTpyMHOM
 o6pa6oTKM, npeflCTaBneHHaa Ha pnc.1 M 4. flna flecjDeKTa 234 fliOMMa (5,9 M) npsqnonaraeTCH aaMena
 ynacTKa Tpy6onpOBOfla npo™>KeHHOCTbio 39 cjDyTOB (11,8 M) (flBOMHaa flnnna flecjDeKTa).
flpn ycipaHeHMM flecfjeKia npoiflxeHHOCTbio 234 R\ov\Ma (5,9 M) 20
KowinneKTOB KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl HaHocflica BCTBIK v\ ciomviocTb
o6opyflosaHMfl Bospaciaei npn6nn3MTenbHO B 20 pas no cpasHeHMK) co
cnynaeivi ycipaHeHMfl KopoiKoro flecpeKia, B TO spewia K3K npn saivieHe
Tpy6onposofla ona ysennHMBaeTCfl B 2,5 pasa.  CioniviocTb caKOHOMneHHoro
wieiaHa v\ 6onee HMSKMS TpyqosaipaTbi npn HaHeceHnn KOMnosMTHoro
noKpbiTMfl  noKpbisaioT BbicoKne MaTepnanbHbie saipaibi, npn aioivi
CTOMMOCTM o6OMX TMHOB peMOHTHblX pa6OT CTaHOBflTCfl COnOCTaBMMblMM.
Ba>KHO saivieTMTb, HTO B HeKoiopbix cnynaflx (TO ecib npn HeKoiopbix
npoifl>KeHHbix flecpeKiax) sawiena Tpy6onposofla 6onee peHTa6enbHa,
HecMoipa  Ha noiepn rasa ns-sa yieneK. OflHaKO HeKoiopbie napiHepbi
nporpawiMbi Natural Gas STAR npn flaHHbix o6cTOflTenbCTBax
                                                                              13

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                                         npeflnonmaioT ncnojibsosaTb KOMnosnTHyio HawioTKy, Hexenn saivieHy
                                         Tpy6onposofla, He ynmbiBafl TOT cpaKT, KeHMfl n CKOpocTb
                                         pewioHTa BJiMflioT na npuHflTue OKOHHaTenbHoro
                                           OnbiT napTHepa no npmvieHeHMK) KOMnosnTHoro
                                                MS napiHepOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR coo6m,MJi o saeepiueHMM
                                           Sonee 300 PSMOHTOB c HaHecem/ieM KOMnosniHoro noKpbiina Ha repMeiMHHbie
                                           flecf>eKTbi npoia>KeHHOCTbK) Sonee 10 flioi/iMOB (25,4 CM) Ha ipySonpoeofle
                                           Hannnaa c 1995 rofla. B OflHOM cnynae napinepy npniunocb peMOHTHpoeaib
                                           flec}3eKT npOTH>KeHHOCTbK> 20 flioi/iMOB (51 CM), coeflMHaa BCTbiKflee ceKL(MM
                                           KOMnosnTHOro noKpbiina. TaK KBK noepe>KfleHHbii/i ynaciOK ipySonpoeofla
                                           Haxoflnnca eSnusM pynba,  BCKpbieaTb ipySonpoeofl 6bmo Henbsa (ecnn 6bi
                                           npeflnonaranacb saMena ynaciKa ipySonpoeofla) flna MCKJitOHeHna nonaflam/ia
                                           BOflbi B ipySonpoeofl n npe,qynpe>KfleHMH scex conyiCTByiOLUMX ocno>KHeHm/i. flsoe
                                                 x, npoiuefliuMX oSyneHne, sa neibipe naca yciaHOBmin KOMnosniHoe
                                                   n npOBenn oSpaiHyio sacbinKy ipySonpOBOfla. HonHbii/i LIMKJI peMOHia OT
                                                    paSoi flo o6paiHOi/i sacbinKM ipySonpOBOfla 6bm sasepiueH sa flea flHa,
                                           npn 3TOM rasocHa6>KeHMe HM pasy HS npepbieanocb.

                                           flna 3ioro napiHepa cionMOCTb sanacTyio 6bma BiopunHbiM apryMSHTOM npn
                                           BbiSope peMOHia c HaHeceHneM KOMnosniHoro noKpbm/ia, a HS
                                           noepe>KfleHHoro ynaciKa. flpn STOM ncxoflHbie Kpniepnn BK/noHann
                                              MO>KHO JIM npoeoflHTb peMOHT 6e3 BbiBOfla ipySonpOBOfla us 3KcniiyaTai4MM?
                                              3io flei/icTBMTejibHO aKiyanbHO IBM, rfle HST pesepBHoro
                                              K3K SblCTpO MOK8T SblTb SaKOHHSH pSMOHT? Ha pSMOHT C
                                              KOMnosnTHoro noKpbiina oSbiHHO HeoSxoflMMO flea flHa, a
                                              ipySonpoeofla oSbiHHO ipeSyeica naib-ceMb
                                           *  BesonacHO JIM npOBSflSHMe peMOHia? Bjia,qejibLj,bi ipySonpOBOflOB Bcenqa
                                              osaSoHSHbi BonpocaMM SesonacHOCTM BeflSHMa peMOHTHbix paSoi c
                                              HaHeceHMSM KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiiMa MJIM yciaHOBKOM ciajibHbix BCiasoK,
                                              BbinojiHaeMbix B pe>KMMe SKcnjiyaiauMM ipySonpOBOfla. PSMOHT c HaHeceHMSM
                                              KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiiMa He flaei flonojiHMiejibHbix rapaniMM SesonacnocTM no
                                              CpaBHSHMK) C yCiaHOBKOM CiajlbHblX BCiaBOK.


                                         PewioHT c HaHeceHneivi KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiTna o6ecneHMBaeT
                                         SKOHOMnnecKM BbiroflHoe ycTpaHeHMe 3MMCCMM MSTaHa, KOTOpafl xapaicrepna
                                         flnfl repwieTUHMbix flecpeKTOB Tpy6onposoflOB. flapTHepbi nporpawiMbi wioryT
                                         npeflno>KMTb co6cTBeHHbii/i onbiT npnivieHeHMfl, npeflCTasneHHOi/i TexHonornn,
                                         KOTOpblM
                                         *  McnojibsosaHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiTna BOSMO>KHO B
                                            flonrospeivieHHOi/i wiepbi ycTpaHeHna repwieTUHMbix flecpeKTOB
                                            Tpy6onposofla n K3K speivieHHOi/i wiepbi ycTpaHeHna flecpeKTOB,
                                            Bbl3B3HHblX KOppO3M6l/i BHyTpeHHei/i
                                         *  McnonbsoBaHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiTna npn pewioHTe o6ecneKfleHHoro y
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                           *  KoMnosMTHoe noKpbiine MOKST ciaib MfleanbHoi/i anbiepHaTMBOi/i
                               ycipaHeHMfl repwieTUHMbix flecpeKios npn BbicoKoi/i cpoHHOcin pewioHia,
                               T3K K3K MOK6T HaHOCMTbCfl 33 KOpOTKHM nepMOfl M H6 Tpe6y6T BKTIK}KeHMfl.
                           *  B nepnofl pewioHia Tpy6onposofl MOKST cpyHKUMOHUposaTb B o6bNHOM
                               pexmvie npn CHMxeHHOM HanonosuHy flasneHnn, HTO nosBonaeT
                               Ms6e>KaTb noieHUManbHbix nepepbisos B rasocHa6>KeHMM, noiepn
                               npn6bmn n saipai, csasaHMbix c BbinycKOM rasa.

                           *  JlerKocib Maiepnana KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl o6ecneHMBaeT
                                             HecnoKHOCTb yciaHOBKM. flsa TexHMKa HMSKOM
                                            wioryi BbinonHHTb pewioHT sa HecKonbKO nacos, He
                                        csapKy nnn cneunanbHoe norpysoHHO-pasrpysoHHoe
                               o6opyflosaHMe.
                                       KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl MCKnioHaeT Heo6xoflmviocTb
                                             saflepxeK Ha cneuncpuKaumo n flociasKy
                                             BciasoK nnn cerwieHTOB ipy6bi flna pewioHia
                              Tpy6onposofla.

                           * HaneceHne KOMnosMTHoro noKpbiinfl nosBonaeT BocciaHOBMTb
                              HananbHoe flasneHne B Tpy6onposofle n ynyniuaeT era ycioi/JHUBOCTb K
                              flanbHei/Jujeiviy cipyKTypHoiviy paspyiueHMK).

                           * McnbiiaHMfl cerwieHTOB Tpy6onposofla, BocciaHOBneHHbix c nowiombKi
                              KOMnosMTHoro nc-KpbiTMfl, noKasann, HTO nccneflyeivibii/i ynacioK ipy6bi
                                        nofl Henpepbisnoi/i Kaioflnoi/i
                           *  Ha ceroflHfliiJHm/i flenb MHorne KowinaHnn nocTaanflioT cucieivibi
                               KOMnOSMTHOrO nOKpblTMfl, K3>Kflafl M3 KOTOpblX MMeeT CBOM
                               npemviymecTsa. noaioiviy oneHb sa>KHO secin pacujupeHHbii/i HOMCK
                               Hy>KHOI/i CMCTeMbl.

                           *  Beflme ynei coKpameHna aMnccnn wieiaHa, flocTumyToro c
                                           npeflno>KeHHOi/i TexHonornn, n BKnionai/iTe a™ flaHHbie B
                                    i  no nporpawiMe Natural Gas STAR, ecnn npeflsapmenbHO
                                        McnojibsoBana TexHonormo saivieHbi nospe>KfleHHoro ynaciKa
                               Tpy6onposofla.

                           Armor Plate, Inc., .
JlMTepaiypa
                           ASME B31G, Manual for Determining Remaining Strength of Corroded
                           Pipelines: Supplement To B31 Code-Pressure Piping, 1991.

                           Boreman, J. David, et al., Repair Technologies for Gas Transmission Pipe-
                           lines, Pipeline and Gas Journal,  March 2000.

                           Columbia Gas Transmission and Columbia Gulf Transmission, personal con-
                           tact.

                           EPA Partnership, Columbia Energy Reports Significant Reduction in Meth-
                           ane Emissions, November 2000.

                           Furrow, M.  L, U.S.  Department of Transportation, personal contact.

                           Gas Research Institute, Summary of Validation of Clock Spring® for Per-
                           manent Repair of Pipeline Corrosion Defects, GRI-98/0227.
                                                                                               15

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                                      Leewis, Dr. Keith, Gas Technology Institute, personal contact.

                                      McAllister, E.W., Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook, 5th Edition, 2002.

                                      Mohitpour, M. et al., Pipeline Rehab Responding to Regulatory Pressures,
                                      Technological Advances, Oil and Gas Journal, January 20, 2003.

                                      Oil and Gas Journal, Composite Wrap Approved for U.S. Gas-Pipeline
                                      Repairs, October 9, 1995.

                                      Quick, Porter, Economics of Pipeline Repair, The Southern Gas Association
                                      Transmission Operating  Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, July 2001.

                                      The Clock Spring® Company L.P., .

                                      The StrongBack Corporation, .

                                      Tingley, Kevin, U.S. EPA Natural Gas STAR Program, personal contact.

                                      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Lessons Learned: Using Pipeline
                                      Pump-Down Techniques to Lower Gas Line Pressure Before Maintenance
                                      (EPA430-BOO-007, December 2000).

                                      WrapMaster, Inc., .
16

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KoivinosMTHoe noKpbune
Tpy6onpoBOflOB f\na Clock
Spring
flwaMerp
Tpy6onpoBOfla,
flHDMM. (CM)
4(10,16)
6(15,24)
8 (20,32)
10(25,4)
12(30,5)
14 (35,6)
16(40,6)
18(45,7)
20 (50,8)
22 (55,8)
24(61)
26 (66)
28(71)
30 (76)
32(81,2)
36(91)
40(101)
42 (106,7)
44(111,7)
48(122)
56 (142)
CTOMMOCTb BMTK3
KOMFlOSMTHOrO
noKpbiTMfl (2001 r.)
$432
$402
$466
$508
$549
$599
$649
$717
$794
$859
$878
$924
$969
$998
$1 051
$1 129
$1 331
$1 386
$1 488
$1 668
$1 951
17

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                                                     DepeneHb KOMnneKTaMnn KOMnosnTHoro
                                             •  KoMnosMTHaa neHia (lunpnHa 12 AKIMMOB (30,5 CM), Tonm,MHa nocne yciaHOBKH
                                                0,5 AKiMMa (1,27 CM))

                                             •  Knei/i

                                             •  PacnpeAeriMTejibHbiM HanonHmenb

                                             •  BanMK Ana HaineceHMa noKpbiina

                                                             Knei/i-noflyiuKa f\nn Havana paSoi

                                                               SJIOKM
                                             •  AnnnnKai4MOHHaa Kucib, KapaHflaui Ana HaHeceHna npaMbix JIMHMM Ha >Keno6, nanKa
                                                Ana nepeMeujneaHna, CMecmenb Ana  MrHOBSHHOro nepeMeujneaHna, pesepeyap Ana
                                                Mycopa

                                             •  He BXOAMT B oSasaienbHbii/i nepeneHb: cnei4najiM3npOBaHHbii/i yciaHOBOHMbii/i CTSHA
                                                Ana
                                             MCTOHHMK: Clock Spring® Company L.P.CIock Spring® - aaperncrpupOBaHHaa roproBaa MapKa NCF
                                             Industries Inc. Bee npaea aamnmeHbi. FlponaBefleHO cornacHO nnL(eH3MM NCF Industries Inc. Clock
                                             Spring symbol - roproBaa MapKa Clock Spring Company L.P.
                                                               BcnoMorajenbHoro
                                                                  6opyflOBaHMfl(6es
                                                yneja CTOMMOCTM
                                             CiaHAapTHbie BcnoMoraienbHbie
                                             CTSp>KHM M XOMyibl

                                             BcnoMoraienbHbie ciep>KHM n xoMyibi
                                             Ana Harpy>KeHHoro pe>KMMa paSoibi
                                                         xoMyi

                                             MexaHMSM Ana noAann

                                             TeMnepaiypHbii/i ASTHMK c MammoM

                                             flpuSop Ana onpeAeneHna TBepAOCin
                                             Shore "A"
                                             BcnoMoraienbHbie ciep>KHM n xoMyibi
                                             Ana OKOHHaHna paSoi
                                             OSyneHne, 6es yneia CTOMMOCTM
 $150


 $225

 $25

 $350

$32,50

 $350

 $150

 $750
18

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&EPA
    United States
    Environmental Protection Agency
    Air and Radiation (6202J)
    1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
    Washington, DC 20460

    EPA430-B-03-017
    Miojib 2003 r.

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