EPA POLLUTION
OnbiT
npHMGHeHM^
OT  napTHepOB nporpaMMbi Natural  Gas STAR
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DIRECTED INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE AT
COMPRESSOR STATIONS
UEJIEHAHPABJIEHHOE OBCJIEflOBAHME M TEXHMHECKOE
OBCJ1Y>KMBAHME KOMRPECCOPHblX CTAHL|MM
      npoTiroeHHOCTb rasonposoflos CLUA npesbiwaeT 279 000 MM/IB (449 000 KM). YcTaHOBnem-ibie Ha HMX
KowinpeccopHbie ciaHunn flsnaioTCfl Kpynnei/JWHM MCTOHHMKOM 3MHccnn wieiaHa, Ha Koiopbii/i npuxoflmca 50,7 Mnpfl.
cpyi.3 (1,43 MJIH. M3) eweroflHbix yieneK us KowinpeccopoB n flpymx KOMnoneHTOB o6opyflosaHMfl - BeHinnei/i, cpnaHuesbix
coeflMHenm/i, iviycpi n o6sfl3KM. flaHHbie, nonyneHMbie OT napiHepos nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR, noflTsep>KflaK)T, HTO
95 % perncipupyeivioi/i aMnccnn wieiaHa Ha 20 % o6ycnosneHO yieHKawin us pasnunnbix ysnos KowinpeccopHbix
riporpaMMa ueneHanpasneHHoro o6cneflOBaHMfl n TexHunecKoro o6cny>KMBaHMfl (L(OTO) KowinpeccopHbix
flBnaeicfl nafle>KHbiM, acpcpeKTMBHbiM MeioflOM o6napy>KeHMfl, usiviepeHMfl, onpefleneHMfl npnopmeTHOc™ flei/icTsm/i no
ycTpaneHMK) yieneK n CHMxeHMK) aMnccnn wieiaHa. riporpaMMa L(OTO HaHMHaeica c nsyneHMfl 6asoBbix ycnosni/i flna
BbmsneHMfl wiecT n o6teMOB yieneK. TexHonornn, onpefleneHHbie K3K Han6onee acpcpeKTHBHbie, snocneflCTBUM
ncnonbsyioTCfl flna pewioHia ysnos c HapyiueHHOi/i repMeinHHOCTbio. l~lpn nocneflyiomeM MHcneKTHposaHMM
ncnonbsyioTCfl flaHHbie nepsuHHoro o6cneflOBaHMfl, HTO nosBonaei onepaiopaivi yflenaib oco6oe BHUManne Han6onee
noflsepxeHHbiM pasrepMeinsaunn ysnaivi, pewioHT Koiopbix peHTa6eneH. MccneflosaHMfl 6asoBoro cocioflHUfl
rasonepeKaHnsaiomMX KowinpeccopHbix cianum/i nosBonnnn yciaHOBMTb, HTO OCHOBHOM o6teM aMnccnn npuxoflmca na
cpasHMienbHO He6onbLuoe KonnnecTBO ysnos c napyiueHHOi/i repMeinHHOCTbio.

flapiHepbi nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR no TpancnopinpoBKe rasa coo6maK)T o SHanmenbHOM CHMxennn saipai n
3MMCCMM Meiana B pesynbiaie nepexofla Ha nporpaMMy L(OTO. flpn nccneflosaHMM 13 KOMnpeccopnbix ciaHum/i B 1999
rofly 6bino yciaHOBneHO, HTO cpeflHaa cionMOCTb noieHunanbHO BOSMOXHOM SKOHOMMM rasa no nporpaMMe L(OTO Ha
Ka>Kfloi/i KOMnpeccopnoi/i ciaHUMM cocTSBJiflei $88 239 npn ycpeflHennoi/i CTOMMOCTM saipai Ha BbinonneHne pa6oi
Ka>Kfloi/i ciaHUMM $26 248.
MCTOHHMK yreHKM
CucTeiviHbie
6/1OKI/I
KowinpeccopHoPi
craHMMM
noTeHquanbHasq
SKOHOMMsq rasa,
TblC.CfDyT.3
(TblC.M3)/rOfl
29 41 3 (832,9) Ha
KowinpeccopHyK)
craHquK)
TexHonornsq CHM>KeHMsq
3MMCCMM
OnpefleneHne wiecT n
MSMepeHne yreneK.
FlpoBefleHne peHTa6enbHoro
pewioHTa.
CTOMMOCTb
CSKOHOMJieHHOrO
ra3a,$/rofl1
$88 239 Ha Ka>KflyK)
KowinpeccopHyK)
CTaHqi/ifo
YcpeflneHHasq
CTOMMOCTb
BbinonneHMsq
pa6oT2
$26 248 na Ka>KflyK)
KOMnpeccopnyio
CTanqnK)
rioTeHquajibHasq
ycpeflHennasq
SKOHOMMsq nepsoro
rofla
$61 991 na
KOMnpeccopnyio
CTanqnK)
'CTOMMOCTb rasa $3 sa TNC. dpyj.3 ($106/Tbic. M3).

2O6maa CTOMMOCTb nepBOHananbHoro oScnefloeaHMa M ycTpaneHMa
  H3CTOflmm/i flOKyM6HT - OflMH MS OTH6TOB CepMM "OnblT npMMeHeHMfl", pa3pa6OTaHHOM EPA B COTpyflHMHeCTBe C
  rasosoi/i OTpacnbK) B paMKax npoeKTOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR.

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                                                    KowinpeccopHbie ciaHunn noBbiiuaioT flasneHne Ha
                                pasnuHHbix ynaciKax rasonposofla Arm KOMneHcaunn noiepb flasneHMfl,
                                Koiopbie sosHMKaioT npn era 6onbiuoi/i npoiflweHHOc™. Ha rasonposofle c
                                npoTflweHHOCTbio 6onee 279 000 Munb (450 000 KM)
                                npn6nn3MTenbHO 1 790 KowinpeccopHbix cianum/i. Bonbiuafl
                                KowinpeccopHbix ciai-mni/i o6opyflosaHa nopiuHesbiMM nn6o
                                KOMnpeccopaMM (Typ6nHaMn). 3™ Kowinpeccopbi n conyTCTBytomne MM
                                cucieMbi, TaKne K3K Tpy6onposoflbi, BeHinnn, noflsepxeHbi cymeciseHMbiM
                                MexaHnnecKUM n lennosbiM HarpysKaM,
                                BO3HMKHOB6HMfl
                                flporpaMMa L|OTO paccnmaHa arm npuMeHeHna Ha KOMnpeccopnbix
                                ciaHUMflx n MOKei o6ecneKeHMfl Han6onee cymecTseHHbix yieneK iaM, rfle nposefleHne
                                peMOHTHbix pa6oi aKOHOMMHecKM BbiroflHO. flocneflyiomMe o6cneflOBaHMfl
                                ynaciKa HanpasneHbi Ha o6napy>KeHMe BcnoMoraienbHbix ysnos c
                                HapyweHHOi/i repMeinHHOCTbio n BbinonHeHne peMOHTHbix pa6oi.
OnucaHne
TexHonoruM
flporpaMMa L(OTO HaHMHaeica c nccneflosaHMfl 6asoBoro cocioflHUfl scero
o6opyflosaHMfl KOMnpeccopHbix ciaHum/i B cucieMe TpaHcnopinposKM rasa.
B nepsyio onepeflb BbmsriflioTCfl ysnbi, nepes Koiopbie nponcxoflm
rasa, a saieM nsMepaeicfl HHieHCMBHOCTb Ka>Kfloi/i yieHKM B
CionMOCTb peMOHia flnfl Ka>Kfloro cnynaa paccHMTbiBaeicfl c
npeflnonaraeMoi/i aKOHOMUM rasa n flpyrux aKOHOMnnecKnx Kpniepnes,
K3K nepnofl OKynaeMoc™. Pesynbiaibi nepsoHaHanbHbix o6cneflOBaHMi/i
yieneK n nposefleHHbix peMOHTHbix pa6oi ncnonbsyioTCfl npn
o6cneflOBaHMM n nnaHMposaHUM TexHunecKoro o6cny>KMBanna.
                                                   yreneK
                                flporpaMMa L(OTO npeflycMaipnsaeT BbmsneHne yieneK Ha scex ocnosHbix
                                ysnax npn npoBeflennn BceciopoHHero 6asoBoro o6cneflOBaHMfl nnn MOKST
                                6biib HanpasneHa TonbKO Ha KOMnoneHTbi c Han6onee
                                        . FlpeAJiaraioTCfl cneflyiomne Meioflbi BbmsneHMfl
                                 * Mcnonb3OBaHMe MbmbHbix pacTeopoe flBnaeicfl onepaiMBHbiM,
                                   npocibiM n nefloporuM MeioflOM onpeflenennfl MSCT yieneK, npn KoiopoM
                                   MbinbHbii/i paciBop HaHocnTCfl Ha MejiKne, flociynnbie ysnbi inna
                                   pesb6oBbix coeflMHeHMi/i. flpuMeneHne MbinbHoro pscisops acpcpeKTHBHO
                                   flnfl BbmsneHMfl ocna6neHMfl cpmnHroB n coeflMHeHMi/i,  Koiopbie MO>KHO
                                   ycipaHMTb Ha Mecie n TSM caMbiM ncKruoHMib yieHKM, a TaioKe
                                   nposepKM repMeinHHOc™ nocne BbinonneHHoro peMOHia. C
                                   aioro Meiofla onepaiopbi Moryi o6cneflosaTb sa nac npn6nn3MTenbHO
                                   100 ysnos
                                 * 3/iexTpoHHafi HHAMKaunsq nposoflmcfl c McnojibsosaHneM He6onbujnx
                                   nepenocHbix fleieKiopoB nnn rasoaHannsaiopoB n flBnaeicfl flpyruM
                                   onepaiMBHbiM n acpcpeKTHBHbiM cnoco6oM onpefleneHna yieneK B
                                   flociyriHbix flnfl ocMoipa Meciax. SneKipoHHbie rasoaHannsaiopbi
                                   ocHameHbi TepMOKaianMTMHecKHMM flaiHUKaMM n flaiHUKaMM
                                   TennonpoBOflHociM flna o6Hapy>KeHMfl onpefleneHHbix rasos n Moryi
                                                 Ha 6onbLunx OTKpbiibix ynaciKax,  rfle nesosMOKHO

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   HaHeceHne MbinbHoro pacisopa. 3neKTpoHHbii/i wieiofl o6Hapy>KeHMfl
   yieneK wienee onepaiMseH no cpasHeHMK) c ncnonbsoBaHneivi MbinbHbix
   paciBopoB (B cpeflHewi 50 o6cneflOBaHMi/i sa nac) n onpefleneHne wiecT
         Ha era ocHose MOKST 6biib saipyqHeHO npn 6onbiuoi/i
                ymesoflopoflHbix rasos.
 * FlpuMeHeHne aHa/iMsaropoB opraHnnecKnx napoe (OVA) n
   aHa/iMsaropoB TOKCUHMBIX napoe (TVA), Koiopbie npeflCTaanflioT co6oi/i
   nopiaTMBHbie fleieKiopbi yrnesoflopoflOB n TaioKe wioryi ncnojibsosaTbCfl
   flnfl onpefleneHMfl yieneK. AHannsaiop OVAflBnaeTCfl nnaivieHHO-
   MOHMSaUMOHHblM fleT6KTOpOM (FID), KOTOpbM nOSBOJIflei MSMepflTb
   KOHueHTpaunK) opraHMHecKnx napos B fluanasoHe 9-10 000 ppm.
   AHannsaiop TVA o6teflMHfleT FID n cpoTonoHnsaunoHHbii/i fleieKiop (PID)
   n nosBonaeT  usiviepflTb KOHueHTpaunK) opraHnnecKnx napos,
   npesbiiuaiomyK}  10 000 ppm. AHannsaiopbi TVAn OVA
                wieiaHa B sone
 * flpn aKycTunecKOM o6Hapy>tKMBaeTCfl
   nopiaTMBHbiM flaiHMKOM MJIM soHflOM, ycujiMBaeTCfl n perncipupyeTCfl B
   MSMepmenbHoi/i cucieivie. AKycTunecKne fleieKiopbi He nossoriflioT
   usiviepflTb o6teM yieneK, HO c MX noMoujbK) MO>KHO onpeflenmb
   OTHOcmenbHbie pasiviepbi wiecT yieneK, iaK ssyK c noBbiujennbiM yposneivi
                     "rpoMKMi/i" yKasbisaei Ha 6onee BbicoKMi/i yposenb
                      npn6opbi paspa6aTbiBaK)TCfl flna o6napy>KeHMfl
                                            Han6onee uenecoo6pasHO
   cumanoB K3K BbicoKoi/i, iaK n HMSKOM
BbicoKovacmomHoe aKycmuyecKoe
npmvieHflTb B ycnosuflx nociopoHHero tuyivia n BOSMOXHOCTM
        HenocpeflciseHHO Ha wiecTO yieHKM. Ha puc. 1 noKasana ycianoBKa
              aiHMKa Ha fluarHOCTHpyeivibii/i ysen flna o6napy>KeHMfl
      . flpyrmvi sapnaHTOM nenfiemcfi nouMeneHue ynbrnoasevKoeoBO
             vmeveK na ocHose perncipaunn pacnpocipaHflfomnxcfl B
          cpefle ynbipassyKOBbix cumanoB B fluanasone HacioT 20
        YnbipassyKOBbie
100
fleieKiopbi
nopiaTMSHbiM
SOHflOM MJ1M CKaHepOM, KOTOpblM
nosBonaei Haxoflnib MCTOHHMK
yieHKM Ha paccioflHun flo 100
cpyios (30,48 M). flpn
o6napy>KeHMM yieHKM Bospaciaei
rpoMKOCTb ssyKa B nayiiJHMKax.
YnbipassyKOBbie fleieKiopbi
wioryi 6biib HyBCTBmenbHbi K
cpoHOBbiM ujyiviaM, xoifl MHorne
                                  PMC. 1: AKycTMHecKMM MGTOA
CpMJIbTpaiVIM. ri03TOMy SOHfl
MO>KHO HaCTpOMTb H3
onpefleneHHbii/i sufl yieHKM npn
BblCOKOM ypOBHS BH611JHMX
nowiex.
                              MCTOHHMK: Physical Acoustics Corp.

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TexHOJiorMM M3MepeHMH yreneK
        cociaBJ-miommvi KOMnoHeHTOM nporpawiMbi L|OTO
nswiepeHne yqenbHbix wiaccosbix awinccm/i nnn o6teMOB yieneK us
BbmsneHHbix MCTOHHMKOB, 
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Ha puc. 2 noKasaHO
nswiepeHne yieHKM c
   npo6ooi6opHMKa 6onbiijoro
   o6teivia. MsMepaeivibii/i ras n
   6onbujoi/i o6teM sosflyxa B
   wiecTe yieHKM Ha ysne c
   HapyiueHHOi/i repwieTUHHOCTbio
   HameiaioTCfl B npn6op nepes
                   6oJ1bLlJMX
   o6teMOB ocHaujeHbi flsywia
   fleieKiopaiviM yrnesoflopoflOB
                                   PMC. 2: M3MepeHne yreneKc
                                ncnojib30BaHneM npo6oor6opHMKa
                                        60/ibworo
                               MCTOHHMK: Oil &Gas Journal, May 21, 2001
   ymesoflopoflHbix rasos B OTo6pam-ioi/i npo6e n B sosflyxe. Pesynbiaibi
   M3MepeHMi/i KoppeKinpyioTCfl c yneToivi Koi-meHTpaunn yrnesoflopoflOB B
   sosflyxe, npn aioivi yflenbHaa Maccosaa awinccufl paccHMTbiBaeicfl nyieivi
             CKOpociM noioKa OT6npaeivioi/i npo6bi Ha pasnuuy
                rasa B nei/i n B sosflyxe. O6teM aMnccnn wieiaHa
                nyieivi Kann6poBKM fleieKiopoB yrnesoflopoflOB c
   fluanasoHa KOHueHipaum/i wieiaHa B sosflyxe.
   ripo6ooT6opHMKM 6onbiiJMX o6teMOB o6opyflosaHbi
   ycipoi/icTBOM, o6ecneHMBaiommvi nonHoe ynasnuBaHne wieiaHa n
   MCKnioHaiommvi era nonaflaHne us 6nn3ne>KamMX MCTOHHMKOB.
   ripo6ooT6opHMKM 6onbiiJMX o6teMOB nosBormioT nsMepaib yieHKM co
   CKOpOCTbK) flO 8 CpyT.3/MMH. (0,22 M3/MMH.), HTO COOTB6TCTByeT 11,5 TbIC.
   cpyi.VcyT. (325 M3/cyi.). YienKM co CKOpocibio Bbiiue 8 cpyi.VMMH.
   (0,22 M3/MMH.) cneflyei nsMepaib MeioflOM oi6opa B rasoc6opHbie
           MJIM pacxoflowiepoM. flsa onepaiopa sa nac wioryi BbinonHHTb
             Ha 30 ysnax o6opyflosaHMfl c nc-Mombio npo6ooi6opHMKa
            o6teMOB, B TO spewia K3K ivieiofl oi6opa B rasoc6opHbie
           nosBonaei nposecin TonbKO 2-3 MSMepenna B nac.
 * PoTaiweTp n flpyrne pacxoflowiepbi npuMenaioTCfl flna M3MepeHMi/i
   MCKnioHMTenbHO 6ojibLUMX yieneK, Koiopbie Henbsa BbinonHHTb c
   noMoujbio flpyrux npn6opoB. Ha pacxoflowiepbi ras OT ncioHHUKa
   o6bNHO nociynaei nepes KanM6poBOHHyK) ipy6Ky. HOTOK npunoflHUMaei
   B ipy6Ke "nonnasoK" Ha Bbicoiy, nponopunoHanbHyio CKOpocin yieHKM.
   Bsufly rpoMosflKociM poiaMeipoB MX uenecoo6pa3HO McnonbsosaTb na
   naipy6Kax c6poca n ysnax,  na Koiopbix secb HOTOK MOWST 6biib
   nonHOCTbK) HanpasneH nepes CHSTHMK. FloKasaHUfl poiaMeipoB n flpyrux
   ycipoi/icTB usiviepeHMfl noioKa wioryi 6biib flononHeHbi flaHHbiMM,
                c npmvieHeHMeM npo6ooT6opHMKOB 6onbujnx o6teMOB
          oi6opa B rasoc6opHbie
Ha puc. 3 npusefleHbi o6o6meHHbie flaHHbie no npnivieHeHmo,
acpcpeKTMBHOc™ n npuwiepHoi/J CTOMMOCTM cnoco6os o6Hapy>KeHMfl yieneK, a
TaioKe yKasaHbi nsnoxeHHbie Bbiiue wieioflbi nposefleHna usiviepeHm/i.

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PMC. 3: TexHonornn o6HapyxKeHMe
TOJlbKO
o6Hapy>KeHMe

TOJlbKO
o6Hapy>KeHMe



JlyHiue Bcero
TOJlbKO Ana
o6Hapy>KeHMsq.
MawiepeHMe
Tpe6yeT
KoppejisqqMM c
pa3MepOM yTSHKM
HenocpeflCTBeHHO
Ha ynacTKe
TojibKO MswiepeHMsq
TpyfloewiKMM
npoqecc

O6napy>KeHMe M
MswiepeHMsq



ripMMepHbie
KanMTajibHbie aaTpaTbi
$100-$500
(B 33BMCMMOCTM OT
Menee $1 000

$1 000-$20 000
(33BMCMT OT
HyBCTBMTeJlbHOCTM
npM6ops, paawiepa M
civie>KHoro
MeHee$10000
aa npM6op (B
33BMCMMOCTM OT
HyBCTBMTeJlbHOCTM
/psswieps)




MeHee$100003a
anajiMS
(B 33BMCMMOCTM OT
CTOMMOCTM o6pasL(a)
>$10000





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riporpaMMa L(OTO BKnionaeT neibipe aiana: (1) nccneflosaHne 6asosbix
ycnosMi/i; (2) perncipaunfl pesynbiaTOB n onpeflenenne ysnos flrm
           aKOHOMnnecKM acpcpeKTHBHbix pewioHTHbix pa6oi; (3) ana/ins
       , BbinormeHne pewioHia, oueHKa aKOHOMUM wieiaHa n (4) paspa6oTKa
nnana nocneflyfomnx o6cneflOBaHMi/i n MOHmopuHra o6opyflosaHMfl,
noflsepxeHHoro
                      6a3OBbix ycnoenM. riporpaMMa L|OTO o6bNHO
           c o6cneflOBaHMfl 6asoBoro cocioflHUfl wiecT BO3MO>KHbix
flocne BbmsneHMfl ysnos c
         nonynaioT TOHHbie
        o6teMOB
aHannsaiop
napos, HacipoeHMbii/i Ha
ynaciKe. flapiHepbi
nporpaMMbi yciaHOBMnn, HTO
                                3ranbi
       MSMepeHMM CKOpoc™                nporpaMMbi
                    >fl
oi6opa B rasoc6opHbie
SMKOCTM, npo6ooT6oPHMK       1' ^cc^eflOBaHMe SasoBbix yc^oBMM.
                            2. PerncTpai4na pesynbiaTOB n onpefleneHne
                            yanoB, nofljie^amnx peMOHiy.
                            3. AHanns flaHHbix n oi48HKa SKOHOMMM.
                            4.  PaspaSoiKa nnana oScneflOBaHna
             rasa Ha        Syqymero BbinonHeHna nporpaMMbi L(OTO.
                c npuMenenneM npo6ooi6opHMKa 6onbLunx o6teMOB
3KOHOMMHeCKM 3CpCpeKTMBHbl, OnepaTMBHbl M TOHHbl.
flpn MccneflosaHMM 6asoBbix ycnosm/i c BbmsneHneM MSCT n
yieneK Ha 13 KOMnpeccopnbix CTaHunax, Koiopoe nposoflnnocb B 1999 rofly
coBMeciHO EPA/GRI/PRCI, 6bino saipaneHO OKOJIO $6 900 Ha OTflenbHyio
KOMnpeccopnyK) CTanumo nnn OKOJIO $2,55 na KOMnneKiyiomm/i ysen.
MccneflosaHne 6asoBbix ycnosm/i c uenbio o6Hapy>KeHMfl TonbKO yieneK
Menee saipaiHoe. OflHaKO npouecc o6Hapy>KeHMfl yieneK caM no ce6e He
o6ecneKeHMe n MSMepeHna yieneK Moryi 6biib Han6onee acpcpeKTHBHO
nposefleHbi  B xofle perynapHbix nnaHOBbix nporpaMM L|OTO. Flo
ysnaM TonbKO onepaiMBHoe n ynpomeHHoe o6Hapy>KeHMe MSCT
Moxei 6biib BHeceHO B nnaHOBbie pa6oibi n rpacpMK TexHunecKoro
o6cny>KMBaHMfl. HeKoiopbie onepaiopbi opraHnsyioT Kypcbi o6yKeHMfl yieneK, flpyrne
npusneKaioT HesasucuMbix KOHcynbiaHTOB flna nposefleHna nccneflosaHm/i
Sasosbix ycnosMi/i.
3ran 2: PerncTpaunsq peaynbTaroB n onpeAeneHne ysnos, nop,ne)Ka\nv\x
peMOHTy. MsMepeHMfl yieneK, nonyneHMbie B xofle BbinonHeHna 3iana 1,
flon>KHbi aHannsupoBaTbCfl Ha BbmsneHne MCTOHHMKOB n ycTpanenne
c Han6onbiuei/i aKOHOMnnecKoi/i acpcpeKTMBHOcibio.
npnopmeiHOCTb ycipaHeHMfl MCTOHHMKOB yieneK nyieM
CTOMMOCTM ynymeHHoro npupoflHoro rasa n oueHOHHbix saipai Ha
Maiepnanbi, onnaiy ipyfla pa6oHMM, npocion o6opyflosaHMfl BO
ycipaneHMfl yieHKM. HeKoiopbie yieHKM nerKO ycipaHflioTCfl Ha Mecie

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npocioi/i 3aifl>KKOi/i coeflMHMTenbHbix aneivieHTOB. flpyrne, 6onee cno>KHbie,
ipe6yK)T ociaHOBKM o6opyflosaHMfl n saivieHbi fleianei/i. B TaKMX cnynaflx
onepaiopbi wioryi yciaHOBMTb MfleHTHcpMKau.MOHHbii/i 3H3K Ha wiecTO yieHKM n
ycipaHMTb ee noswe, ecnn ecib rapaHina Ha pewioHT. CionMOCTb pewioHia
KnananoB, cpnaHU.es, coeflMHMTenbHbix aneivieHTOB n o6sfl3KM B OCHOBHOM
onpeflermeTCfl pasMepaMM fleianei/i, npuneivi ciomviocTb pewioHia Kpynnbix
fleianei/i Bbiiue, neivi MSJIKHX. HeKoiopbie 6onbLune yieHKM Ha o6opyflosaHMM
wioryi 6biib o6napy>KeHbi B xofle nnanoBoro TexHunecKoro o6cny>KMBaHMfl, n
B noflo6Hbix cnynaax npeflnncaHHbii/i o6teM pa6oi ysennHMBaeTCfl, HO
                wiepbi ocymecisriflioTCfl 6es nsMeneHMfl  sennHUHbi saipai.
flocne o6napy>KeHMfl n usiviepeHMfl yieneK onepaiopbi flon>KHbi
saperncTpuposaTb ncxoflHbie flaHHbie c Tewi, HTo6bi
o6cneflOBaHMfl HanpaBnanncb TonbKO Ha ysnbi c BbicoKoi/i
yieneK. Pesynbiaibi nposeflennfl nporpawiMbi L|OTO MO>KHO
nK)6biM yflo6HbiM MeioflOM n B nK)6oM cpopwiaie. Huxe npuseflenbi flaHHbie,
Koiopbie onepaiopbi npeflnaraioT perncTpuposaTb:
 * MfleHTMCpMKai4MOHHbll/i 3H3K flJIfl K3>KflOrO M6CTa

 * inn ysna (nsnpmviep, CBennoi/i Kpan);

 * MSMepennafl CKOpocib yieHKn;

 * flaia nposefleHMfl o6cneflOBaHMfl;

 * oueHOHHaa roflosaa noiepa rasa;

 * oueHOHHaa CTOMMOCTb pewioHia.
       MHCpopiviauMfl nossonm npasunbHO CKOopflMHUposaTb nocneflytomne
o6cneflOBaHMfl no aMnccnn, yciaHOBm npnopmeiHOCTb 6yflymnx
pewioHTHbix pa6oi n Moxei 6biib McnonbsosaHa flnfl aHannsa o6teMOB
3KOHOMMM r333 M 3KOHOMMHeCKOI/i 3CpCpeKTMBHOCTM
MOTO.
       yieneK H3 o6opyflOB3Hnn KowinpeccopHbix CTSHUMM n MX flonn B
o6mei/i 3MMCCMM wieiaHa 6binn nonyneHbi B cepeflnne 1990 roflos nocne
nposefleHMfl cepnn nccneflosaHm/i npn cpMHaHcosoi/i noflflep>KKe EPA, GRI, n
AGA's Pipeline research Committee International (PRCI). Pesynbiaibi
flaHHoro nccneflosaHMfl 6binn ony6nnKOBaHbi B 1996 rofly n coflepxann
KOSCpCpMUHeHTbl 3MMCCMM HO MSMepeHMflM, npOBefl6HHblM H3 6
KowinpeccopHbix CTaHunax B 1994 rofly. PsciunpeHHSfl MHCpopwiaunfl no
flaHHOMy nccneflosaHMK) 6bina ony6nnKOBaHa KowinaHnei/i Indaco Air Quality
Services B 1995 rofly n BKnionana o6sop SMMCCMM Ha 27 212 ysnax  17
KowinpeccopHbix cianum/i. Tpeibe nccneflosaHne, ony6nnKOBaHHoe  B 1999
rofly EPA, GRI n PRCI, BKruonaeT cawiyio nonnyK) na ceroflHfliiJHm/i
MHCpopiviauMK) 06 3MMCCMM MS 34 400 KOMnneKiyiomMX ysnos 13
KOMnpeccopHbix
B nccneflosaHne 1999 rofla, nposefleHHoe cosiviecTHO EPA/GRI/PRCI,
Boiunn pasnuHHbie KOMnpeccopHbie ciaHunn, HMeiomne OT 2 flo 15
nopujHesbix KOMnpeccopoB. Tpn KOMnpeccopHbie CTanunn mvienn no flsa
ueHTpo6e>KHbix KOMnpeccopa (iyp6nHbi) Ka>Kflafl n HM oflnoro nopujHesoro
KOMnpeccopa. flse CTanunn mvienn nopujHesoi/i  KOMnpeccop n Typ6nny.
KOMnpeccopHbie CTanunn, o6opyflosaHHbie nopujHesbiMM KOMnpeccopaMM,
      B cpeflneM na Ka>Kfloi/i no 7 ycianoBOK.

-------
B cpeflHewi Ha KowinpeccopHbix ciaHUMflx, ocnamennbix Typ6nHaiviM, nivienocb
flsa Kowinpeccopa TaKoro inna, yciaHOBnem-ibix napannenbHO. flpn aioivi B
sasMcmviocTM oi ycnoBMi/i 3KcnnyaTai4MM B o6mei/i cucieivie Kowinpeccop
MOK6T 6blTb nOflKTHOHeH MJ1M BblKTIKHeH. KOMflpeCCOp TaiOKS MO>KHO
nsonnposaTb MJIM noHnsmb era pa6oHee flasneHne Ha nepnofl TexHunecKoro
o6cny>KMBaHMfl. flasneHne na sxqqe B KOMnpeccopHyio ciaHUMKi
sapbupyeica B npeflenax 500 cpyHT./flioi/iM2 (3,44 Ml~la)-700 cpyHT./flioi/iM2
(4,8 Ml~la), a flasneHne Ha Bbixofle - B npeflenax 700 cpyHT./flioi/iM2 (4,8 Mfla)-
1000 cpyHT./flKMM2 (6,9 Mfla).

YcpeflneHHoe KonnnecTBO o6cneflosaHHbix ysnos na Ka>Kfloi/i KowinpeccopHoi/i
ciaHUMM cocTasuno 2 707, n na 5% us HMX 6binn BbmsneHbi yieHKM. O6mm/i
o6teM yieneK Ha 13 KowinpeccopHbix CTanunflx Bapbuposancfl B npeflenax
385 - 200 000 Tbic. cpyi.Vrofl (10,9 - 5663 M3/rofl). CpeflHMi/i o6u\m o&beM
yieneK no KowinpeccopHoi/i CTanunn cocTasun 41 000 Tbic. cpyi.Vrofl (1161
M3/rofl). Bbmo BbmsneHO, HTO na 10%  cawibix MHTencusHbix yieneK
npuxoflHTca 90 % 3MMCCMM. Ha PMC. 4 npuseflenbi o6o6meHHbie
ycpeflneHHbie KoacpcpnuneHTbi aMnccnn flna oiflenbHbix ysnos
KowinpeccopHbix
Ha ynaciKe c aMnccnei/i 200 000 Tbic. cpyi.Vrofl (5600 M3/rofl) us oflnoro
ncTOHHMKa 3MMCCMM rasa cocTaBUJin 142 000 Tbic. cpyi.Vrofl (4 020 M3/rofl)
npn npoflysKe cucieivibi flna nposepKM pasrpysoHHbix Knananos. Ha flpyrux
ynaciKax 3101 MCTOHHMK rasosoi/i aMnccnn ne 6bin TaKMM cymecTBeHHbiM.
     c flpyroi/i ciopoHbi, BbicoKMi/i yposeHb aMnccnn Ha KOMnpeccopHoi/i
       , o6opyflosaHHOi/i TonbKO cewibK) nopujHesbiMM KOMnpeccopaMM,
        xapaKiepHbiM. 8101 npmviep noflHepKusaei SHanniviocTb
nporpaMMbi L|OTO flna onpeflenennfl MHieHCMBHbix n floporocToamnx
Ha KOMnpeccopHoi/i CTanunn nio6oi/i
Ha puc. 5 npeflCTasneHa cpeflHaa cioniviocTb pewioHia Ha 13
KOMnpeccopHbix CTanunflx, BKruoneHHafl B nccneflosaHMfl EPA/GRI/PRCI
1999 rofla. CioniviocTb pewioHTHbix pa6oi BKruonaeT B nonnoivi o6teivie
CTOMMOCTb Tpyflosaipai, sannaciei/i n MaiepnanoB.

-------
PMC. 4: YcpeflHeHHbie KoadpdpMqMeHTbi SMMCCMM, BbisBaHHoft yreHKaMM MS yanoB KOMnpeccopHoft craHLjMM
YSJlbl nOfl flABJIEHMEM MArMCTPAJlbHOM J1MHMM1
OnucaHne yana
UJapOBOM/KOHMHeCKMM BeHTMJlb
BbinycKHoPi sei-m/mb
LJi/mi/iHflp Kowinpeccopa
CanbHi/iKOBoe ynnoTHeni/ie Kowinpeccopa
Ha HarpyaKe
CanbHi/iKOBoe ynnoTHeni/ie Kowinpeccopa
Ha XOJIOCTOM xofly
KowinpeccopHbiM Knanan
Peryni/ipyiomi/iM KnanaH
ct>naHeq
SanopnbiPi BeHTi/mb
BaPinac
narpy6oK c6poca
KnanaH c6poca flaaneHi/ifl
PerynsiTop
FlujioTHbiM Knanan
Pe3b6oBoe coefli/iHi/irenbHoe ycrpoPicTBO
Topqesoe ynnoTHeni/ie 6ea cwiasKM
Topqesoe ynnoTHeni/ie co cwiasKoPi
Knanan ycranoBKH/
CMCTeMHblM BSHTMnb3
HA KOMFIPECCOPE
KoscpcpuqneHT
3MMCCMM
npupoflHoro
rasa2, Tbic. cpyr.3
(TbIC. M3)/rOfl H3
Kowinpeccop
0,64 ±1 ,04
(0,01 ±0,02)

9,9 ±11,1
(0,28 ±0,31)
865 ± 247
(24,5 ± 7)
1 266 ± 552
(35,8 ±15)
4,1 ±3,8
(0,11 ±0,1)

0,81 ± 0,89
(0,02 ± 0,02)

17,2 ±5,6
(0,49 ±0,1 6)




0,74 ± 0,46
(0,021 ±0,013)



O6Lyee
KOnHH6CTBO
o6cneflOB3H-
Hbix yanoB
189

148
178
42
2324

864

940




1 625



BHE KOMFIPECCOPA
Koscpcpi/iqi/ieHT
3MMCCMM
npi/ipoflHoro rasa2,
Tbic. cpyr.3
(TbIC. M3)/rOfl H3
Kowinpeccop
5,33 ± 3,71
(0,15 ±0,10)
207,5 ±171, 4
(5,^7 ± 4,8^)




4,26 ±7,1 3
(0,12 ±0,2)
0,32 ± 0,21
(0,009 ± 0,005)
0,61 ±0,43
(0,017 ±0,012)

81 ,8 ±79,6
(2,31 ± 2,25)
57,5 ±63,2
(1 ,62 ± 1 ,t9)
0,2 ± 0,2
(0,006 ± 0,006)
40,8 ± 43,3
(1,15 ±1,22)
0,6 ± 0,3
(0,02 ± 0,008)
62,7 ± 66,3
(1 ,77 ± 1 ,^7)
278
(7,83)
3566
(100,5)
O6Lyee
KOnHH6CTBO
o6cneflOB3H-
Hbix yanoB
2406
57




33
2727
1 476

168
117
171
5
10338
14

12
KOMFlPECCOPbl nOflflAB^EHMEM TOn^MBHOrO TA3A4

UJapOBOM/KOHMHeCKMM BSHTMnb
PacnpeflenmenbHbiPi Knanan
ctinaneq
TonnnBHbiPi Knanan
SanopHbiPi KnanaH
narpy6oK c6poca
nneBMOpacnpefleni/iTenb
Perynarop
Pe3b6oBoe coeflMHurenbHoe ycrpoPicTBO
HA KOMFIPECCOPE
0,1 ±0,1
(0,003 ± 0,003)


27,6 ±13,5
(0,78 ± 0,38)




1 ,21 ±1 ,66
(0,034 ± 0,047)
414


479




2511
BHE KOMFIPECCOPA
0,51 ± 0,37
(0,014 ±0,01)
2,46 ± 3,89
(0,07 ±0,11)
0,2 ± 0,2
(0,005 ± 0,005)

0,43 ± 0,36
(0,012 ±0,01)
2,53 ±2,1 9
(0,07 ± 0,06)
76,6 ±118,1
(2,1 7 ±3,34)
4,03 ± 3,98
(0,11 ±0,11)
0,32 ±0,1 6
(0,009 ± 0,004)
654
69
1 650

640
42
14
103
3654
                  'flae/iem/ie MarncipajibHOi/i JIMHMM eapbupyeica B npeflenax 500 -1 000 cf>yHT./,qK>i/iM2 (3,45 - 6,9 Mfla)

                               bi 3MMCCMM B flOBepmejibHOM MHTepBane 95%.
                  3yieHKa nepes cucieMMbii/i KJianan nsMepena npn CHaini/i flasjieHna c KOMnpeccopa. Bonbiuaa nacib
                  KOMnpeccopoe ocTaeanacb nofl flae/iem/ieM npn aeTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe paSoibi.

                  4flaBJieHne TonnnBHoro rasa oSbNHO 70-100 cf>yHT./,qK>i/iM2 (0,48-0,68 Mfla). Vanbi KOMnpeccopa pacnonoweHbi Ha
                  eepXHei/i nac™ nopiuHa y nopujHSBbix KOMnpeccopoe n nofleepraiOTCa SHaHmenbHOi/i Bn6pai4nn n Harpeey. flaHHbie ysnbi
                       yieHKy TonbKO npn paSoie KOMnpeccopa.
                  MCTOHHMK: Indaco Air Quality Services, Inc. ,1999, Cost Effective Leak Mitigation at Natural Gas Transmission Compressor
                  Stations, Report No. PRC- 246-9526
10

-------
PMC. 5: CpeflHHH croMMOCTb peMOHra M nepnofl OKynaeMOCTM o6opyflOBaHna KOMnpeccopHbix (Tranquil
MMGHDiMHero yreHKM
OriMcaHMe yana
LUapoBbie KnanaHbi - 1"
KoHnnecKasq npo6Ka Ha Knanane
ni/iHi/ifl npoflyBKi/i Kowinpeccopa
ni/iHi/ifl npoflyBKi/i Kowinpeccopa
cfcohiapb KnanaHa
ct>naHeq - 30"
ct>naHeq - 6"
Tonni/iBHbiPi KnanaH
SanopHbiM KnanaH
OTBepcTi/ie Ana cwiasKM
FlopiuHeBasq nonocib Kowinpeccopa
npoKnaflKa/cpnaHeq aarpyaoHHoro Knanana
lilroK aarpyaoHHoro Knanana
MrojibHaTbiPi KnanaH
CseHHOM KnanaH narpy6Ka c6poca
SacnoHKa npi/iewiHMKa CKpe6KOB
Peab6oBasq apwiarypa rpy6onpoBOfla
KonycHbiPi aarsop
Knanan c6poca flaaneHnsq - 1"
Knanan c6poca flaaneHnsq na cpnanqe
CanbHMK
CanbHMK
CanbHMK
Ci/icreivia npoflyBKM
Tpy6onpoBOfl
CoeflMHurenbHasq wiycpra
Knanan ycTaHOBKM/CucTeiviHbiM Benrnnb
Knanan ycTaHOBKM/CMCTeMHbiPi Benrnnb
fleCSqiMflfOMMOBblM
Tun peMOHra
Sawiena
flo6aBKa recpnoHOBoro ynnoTHmensq n 3arsq>KKa
Sawiena
PeKOHCTpyKqi/ifl
Sawiena npoKnaflKM
Sawiena npoKnaflKM
Sawiena npoKnaflKM
Sawiena
Sawiena recpnoHOBoro ynnoTHmensq
Sawiena
CHsqrue n aawiena npoKnaflOK
Sawiena npoKnaflKM
PeKOHcrpyKqusq
Sawiena
CwiaaKa
repiyieTnaaqufi
3aifi>KKa n flo6aBneHne recpnoHOBoro
ynnoTHnrensq
CwiaaKa
Sawiena
3arsq>KKa
Sawiena ynnoTHmenbHbix Koneq 6ea CHsqrusq
nopiuHfi
fleMOHTa>K canbHMKa n nopiuHsq c aawieHoPi
ynnoTHnrenbHbix Koneq n nocneflyfoiyePi
ycraHOBKoPi
fleMOHTa>K canbHMKa n LUTOKa c nocneflyfoiyePi
aawieHOM ynnoTHmenbHbix Koneq n LUTOKa
PeMOHT
3arsq>KKa
3arsq>KKa
OnucTKa n nposepKa repivieTMHHOc™
Sawiena
CpeflHSia CTOMMOCTb
$120
$15
$600
$200
$60
$1 250
$300
$200
$40
$80
$450
$80
$300
$100
$45
$120
$30
$40
$1 000
$40
$750
$2600
$5600
$720
$10
$10
$70
$2960
MCTOHHMK: Indaco Air Quality Services, Inc., 1999, Cost Effective Leak Mitigation at Natural Gas Transmission Compressor
Stations, Report No PRC-246-9526.
11

-------
                                    3ran 3: Ana/ins AaHHbix n oLjeHxa SKOHOMMM.
                                    acpcpeKTMBHOCTb pewioHTHbix pa6oi flBJifleicfl Ba>KHei/iiijei/i
                                    ycneujHoro BbinormeHMfl nporpawiMbi L|OTO, TBK KBK Han6onbiuyK) npn6binb
                                    MO>KHO nonyHMTb, HanpasuB ocHOBHbie ycunna n cpeflcisa MCKruoHmenbHO
                                    Ha ycipaHeHne yieneK, npeflnonaratomnx 6bicipyK) OKynaewiocTb. Bo scex
                                    cnynaflx ciomviocTb caKOHOMneHHoro rasa flon>KHa npeBbiiuaib saipaibi Ha
                                    o6napy>KeHMe n ycipaHeHne yieHKM. flapiHepbi nporpawiMbi npniunn K
                                          y, HTO acpcpeKTMBHOCTb nposefleHMfl aHajinsa 6asoBbix ycnosMi/i
                                                 cocTasneHneM nonHoro nepeHHfl yieneK n npeflnonaraewibix
                                    saipai Ha MX ycTpanenne c yKasaHneivi o>KMflaeMbix o6teMOB aKOHOMUM rasa
                                    n npeflnono>KMTenbHoro cpoKa cny>K6bi BocciaHOBneHHbix ysnos. Ha ocHose
                                            MHCpopiviauMM TaKne aKOHOMnnecKne noKasaienn, K3K Huciafl
                                                      cioMMOCTb MJiM nepnofl OKynaeMoc™, wioryi 6biib nenKflOMy cnynaK) yieHKM, HTO nossonm napinepy npuHflib
                                    peweHne no pewioHiy KOHKpeiHbix ysnos o6opyqoBaHMfl c Han6onbiuei/i
                                    3KOHOMMHeCKOI/i 3CpCpeKTMBHOCTbK).

                                    Ha PMC. 6 npeflCTasneHa o6maa BoswioxHaa aKOHOMna no 13
                                    KOMnpeccopHbiM ciaHUMflM, nccneflosaHMfl Ha Koiopbix nposoflnnncb
                                    EPA/GRI/PRCI B 1999 rofly. Pacneibi ocnosaHbi  na BocciaHOBneHMM TonbKO
                                    iex ysnos, no KoiopbiM nepnofl OKynaeiviocTM saipai cocTasun wienee oflHoro
                                    rofla. flpeflnonaranocb, HTO cpoK cny>K6bi HOBbix fleianei/i cocTasm flsa
                                    rofla. Ha 6onbiuei/i Hacin ynaciKOB nepsoHaHanbHbie saipaibi Ha
                                    nccneflosaHne 6asoBbix ycnosni/i n pewioHTHbie pa6oibi 6bicipo OKynanncb
                                    sa cnei 3KOHOMMM rasa, flnfl flByx KOMnpeccopHbix ciaHUMi/i (N° 11 n NQ 12)
                                    saipaibi na nccneflosaHne 6asoBbix ycnosni/i n na pewioHT ne OKynanncb B
                                    Tenenne flByx nei n noaioiviy cywiMapHbii/i o6teM yieneK flna HMX OKasanca
                                    OHSHb HMSKMM.

                                    flaHHbii/i npmviep noflTsep>KflaeT, HTO BceciopoHHue o6cneflOBaHMfl  6asoBbix
                                    ycnosMi/i no nporpaivnvie L|OTO, BKruonafomne see rasonepeKaHUBatomne
                                    KOMnpeccopHbie CTanunn napinepa, nossoriflioT  Bbmsmb oiflenbHbie
                                                 Koiopbix nsyHeHne 6asoBbix cocioflHui/i KOMnneKiyfomnx ysnos
                                           OKasaibca aKOHOMnnecKM HeBbiroflHbiM. l~lpn ycnosnn, HTO nporpaivnvia
                                    L|OTO flsrmeTCfl aKOHOMnnecKM acpcpeKTHBHOi/i flna scei/i ipaHcnopiHoi/i
                                    cucieivibi B uenoM, MHCpopiviauMfl, nonyneHHafl no OTflenbHbiM
                                    Henpn6bmbHbiM o6teKTaM, coxpaHaei SHanniviocTb. B  He6onbiuoM o6teivie B
                                    pawiKax nporpaMMbi L|OTO 6binn nccneflosaHbi n o6o3HaKHO MCKTHOHMTb MS 6yflymnx  nporpaMM L|OTO, o6cneflosaTb MX c
                                    6onbiuei/i nepnoflUHHOCTbio nnn  sec™ o6Hapy>KeHMe yieneK 6onee
                                    ueneHanpasneHMbiMM n aKOHOMnnecKM acpcpeKTMBHbiMM MeioflaiviM  B
                                              saipai.
12

-------




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13

-------
                                    3ran 4: Paspa6oTKa nnana
                                    nporpaMMbi L|OTO. Ha KOHSHHOM aiane BbinonneHMfl nporpawiMbi L(OTO
                                    paspa6aTbiBaeTCfl nnan npeflcioamnx pa6oi c McnonbsosaHneM pesynbraTOB
                                                                6asosbix ycnosni/i o6opyqoBaHMfl flrm
                                                           npeflnonaraewibix HHcneKu.noHHbix pa6oi n
                                                             flporpaiviMa L(OTO flon>KHa 6biib paspa6oTaHa
                                    c yneTOM Tpe6osaHm/i Meioflos TexHunecKoro o6cny>KMBaHMfl, npmvieHfleMbix
                                    Ha ynaciKe. 3cpcpeKTMBHOCTb nnana o6cneflOBaHMi/i flon>KHa
                                    * flepeneHb KOMnneKiyiomMX ysnos, noflnexamnx o6cneflOBaHMK) n
                                      TecTuposaHMK), a TaioKe nepeneHb fleianei/i o6opyqoBaHMfl, Koiopbie
                                      cneflyei ncKnioHMTb us o6cneflOBaHMfl.

                                    * npn6opbi o6Hapy>KeHMfl, usiviepeHMfl n lexHonornn c6opa, perncipaunn n
                                             flaHHbix, nonyHeHbi no nporpawiMe L|OTO.
                                    * FpacpMK o6Hapy>KeHMfl n
                                    * 3KOHOMMHecKafl acpcpeKTMBHOCTb

                                    * Pesynbiaibi n ana/ins npeflbiflymnx o6cneflOBaHMi/i n TexHunecKoro
                                      o6cny>KMBaHMfl flna cpopMnposaHMfl saflan nocneflytomnx o6cneflOBaHMi/i
                                      no nporpaivnvie L(OTO.

                                    FpacpMK BbinoriHeHMfl nporpaMMbi L(OTO cneflyei paspa6aTbiBaTb c
                                    ycnoBneM nonyneHMfl MaKCMManbHoi/i SKOHOMMM Meiana n yneia
                                    cneuncpMHecKMX xapaKiepuciMK ynaciKa (HanpuMep, cpoKa cny>K6bi
                                    KOMnpeccopa, KonnnecTBa n pasMepa nopujHesbix n ueHTpo6e>KHbix
                                    KOMnpeccopos B aKcnnyaiaunn, flasneHMfl B MarncipanbHOM Tpy6onposofle
                                    n flasneHMfl TonnnsHoro rasa). HeKoiopbie napinepbi npn  cocTasneHMM
                                    rpacpMKa L(OTO  pyKOBOflcisyioTCfl npeflnonaraeMbiM CPOKOM cny>K6bi
                                    BocciaHOBneHHbix fleianei/i, onpefleneHHbiM npn nposefleHnn
                                    o6cneflOBaHMi/i. flpyrne napmepbi onpeflenaioT Hacioiy
                                    o6cneflOBaHMi/i Ha OCHOBS UMKHOB Texo6cny>KMBaHMfl n Hannnnfl cpeflcis.
                                    flporpaMMa L(OTO flociaioHHO rn6Kaa n noaioMy, ecnn nocneflytomne
                                                BCKpbisaioT MHOTO MHieHCMBHbix n noBTOpflfomnxcfl cnynaes
                                        K, onepaiop MOXST nposoflmb o6cneflOBaHne o6opyflosaHMfl no
                                    nporpaMMe L(OTO name. flocneflyiomMe o6cneflOBaHMfl MO>KHO
                                    cpoKycuposaib Ha ysnax, npoujefliunx BoccTaHOBnenne B xofle
                                    peMOHTOB MJIM Ha Knacce o6opyflosaHMfl, Koiopbii/i onpeflenen K3K
                                    npeflpacnonoxeHHbii/i K yieHKaM. Co speMeneM onepaiopbi Moryi
                                    npoflon>KMTb TOHHyio  perynnposKy o6teMa n HacioTbi o6cneflOBaHMi/i
                                    o6opyqoBaHMfl Ha ocnose ccpopMnpoBasujuxcfl MOflenei/i
   3KOHOMMH6CKMX
   noKaaaieneM
              aKOHOMna rasa npn BbinonHeHnn nporpaMMbi L|OTO Ha
KOMnpeccopnbix CTanunflx Bapbupyeica B sasucMMOCTM OT pasMepa n
sospacia o6opyflosaHMfl, a TaioKe pa6oKflOM cnynae, HO cunbHO  sspbupyeica B npeflenax OT 1,7:1 flo 95:1.
14

-------
                                     PMC 7: ORBIT napTHepoe nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR no
                                                          TpaHcnoprnpOBKe rasa
                                         A: EweroflHO o6cneflOBanMCb naTHaflqaib KowinpeccopHbix CTanqMM. 0614351
                                CTOMMOCTb o6cjieflOBaHMM M pewioHTa no nporpsMMe L^OTO cocTaBMJia $350 Ha Ka>Kflyfo
                                CTanqMK). BonbLuaa nacib yreneK 6bma o6hiapy>KeHa Ha CMcreiviHbix BeHTMJiax. O6i4MM
                                o6b6M 3KOHOMMM r333 COCTaBMJl 166 010 TbIC. CpyT.3 (4 701 TbIC. M3) flpM CpeflHSM 3KOHOMMM
                                11 067 Tbic. cpyr3 (313 Tbic. M3) na
$498 030
$5 250
                                               o6beivi csKOHOMJieHHoro rasa
                                               CTOMMOCTb o6cJieflOBaHMM M peMOHTS
                                        HMCT351 3KOHOMMS1
                                        CooTHOLuenne npn6bmb nepsoro rofla/
                                        M3flep>KKM
$492 780
95:1
                                KowinaHi/ifi B: E>KeKBapTanbHO o6cneflOBanncb flse KowinpeccopHbie CTanqnn. SaTpaTbi Ha
                                o6cjieflOBaHMjq cocTaBunn B cpeflnewi $200 na CTaHqi/iK). Bonbiuajq nacTb yTeneK
                                npuxoflMTCjq Ha npoKnaflKM  Knananos, canbHi/iK M cpnanqeBbie coeflMHeHna. Ma 24
                                o6Hapy>KeHHbix yTeneK 23 6bmn BoccraHOBneHbi npn cpeflHePi CTOMMOCTM aaTpaT $50.
                                O6L4MM o6b6M 3KOHOMMM r333 COCT3BMJ1 17 080 TbIC. CpyT.3 (484 TbIC. M3), flpl/l yCpeflH6HHOM
                                3KOHOMMM 8 540 TbIC. CpyT.3 (242 TbIC. M3) H3 CT3HL(MK).
                                        O6L4MM o6b6M CSKOHOMJieHHOrO T333
                                        O6L4351 CTOMMOCTb o6cJieflOB3HMM
                                        O6L4351 CTOMMOCTb P6MOHT3
$51 240
$1 600
$1 150
                                        HMCT351 3KOHOMM51
                                        CooTHOiueHMe npM6binb nepsoro
                                        M3flep>KKM npOM3BOflCTB3
$48 490
19:1
                                         C: O6cneflOB3Hbi LuecTbflecaT ceMb KOMnpeccopHbix CTSHMMM (rpscpMK
                                o6cneflOB3HMM BKTIfOHSJl 6>KeKBapTaJlbHbie M 6>KerOflHbie MMKHbl B 33BMCMMOCTM OT
                                TeXHMHeCKOrO COCTO51HM5q CT3HMMM). BOJlbLUSSI H3CTb yTSHSK HpOMCXOflMJia Hep63 npOKHSflKM
                                M ocna6neHHbie coeflMHeHMa, a Taioxe nepea KnanaHbi M ynnoTHeHMfl canbHMKa. Bbmo
                                nposefleHO OKOJIO 1 500 PSMOHTOB. O6i4MM o6beM SKOHOMMM rasa cocTaBMn 132 585 Tbic.
                                cpyT.3 (3 754 Tbic. M3) npM ycpeflHeHHOM SKOHOMMM  1 978 Tbic. cpyT.3 (56 Tbic. M3) Ha
                                CT3HMMK).
                                        O6L4MM o6b6M CSKOHOMJieHHOrO T333
                                        O6L4351 CTOMMOCTb o6cJieflOB3HMM
                                        O6L4351 CTOMMOCTb P6MOHT3
$397 755
$176175
$57 180
                                        HMCT351 3KOHOMM51
                                        CooTHOiueHMe npM6binb nepsoro
                                        M3flep>KKM npOM3BOflCTB3
$164400

1,7:1
                                ripeflnonsrssi, HTO CTOMMOCTb rsss cocTaansieT $3/Tbic. cpyT.3 ($106/ Tbic. M3)
15

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                                    BbinonneHne nporpaMMbi L(OTO Bnnaei Ha CHMxenne saipai na
                                    o6cneflosaHMe n noBbiiuaei nonyneHne npn6binn nocne ycipaneHMfl
                                    Hanpasnenne ycunni/i n cpeflcis Ha KOHKpeiHbie KOMnpeccopnbie
                                    KOMnneKTyiomne ysnbi SKOHOMMT speMfl n cpeflcisa, Heo6xoflMMbie
                                    nocneflyiomnx o6cneflosaHm/i, n noMoraei onpeflenmb npnopmeiHOCTb npn
                                    cocTasneHnn rpacpMKa peMOHTHbix pa6oi no ycTpaneHMK) yieneK. OCHOBHOM
                                    onbii, nonyneHHbii/i napiepaMM nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR, BKnKHaei
                                    cneflyiomee.

                                     * OiHocmenbHoe He6onbiuoe KonnnecTBO 6onbujnx yieneK flaei OCHOBHOM
                                       o6t6M 3MMCCMM no KOMnpeCCOpHOM CiaHUMM.

                                     * O6Hapy>KeHHafl KOHueHTpauna He flBnaeicfl TOHHbiM noKasaieneM yieHKM
                                       6onbUJOI/i MHTeHCMBHOCTM M H6  paCCMaipMBaeTCfl K3K MHCpOpMaUMfl, H3
                                       ocHose Koiopoi/i BOSMOXHO onpefleneHne aKOHOMnnecKoi/i
                                       acpcpeKTMBHOc™ nposefleHMfl peMOHTHbix p36oi. Ana nonyneHMfl TOHHbix
                                       flSHHbix o6teMOB yieneK Heo6xoflMMO nposeflenne
                                       BblCOKOTeXHOnorMHHblX I
                                     * 3KOHOMMHecKM acpcpeKTMBHafl nporpawiMa L|OTO Hanpasnena na ysnbi
                                       o6opyqoBaHMfl c BO3MO>KHbiMM yieHKaiviM, ycTpanenne Koiopbix
                                     * flapiHepbi nporpawiMbi Natural Gas STAR TaioKe yciaHOBMnn, HTO
                                       HeKoiopbie KowinpeccopHbie ciaHUMM nivieioT 6onee BbicoKMi/i yposeHb
                                                     yieneK, neivi flpyrne. Ahanns pesynbiaioB L(OTO ivioxei
                                               Heo6xoflmviocTb 6onee nacToro nposefleHMfl nocneflytomnx
                                       o6cneflOBaHMi/i Ha HeKoiopbix KowinpeccopHbix CTaHunax no cpasHeHMK) c
                                       flpyrmviM.

                                     * flapiHepbi OTMeinnn u.enecoo6pa3HOCTb BbmsneHMfl TeHfleHum/i,
                                       saflasaa TaKMe sonpocbi, K3K "fiBnflioTCfl nn yieHKM nepes sanopHbii/i
                                       KnanaH 6onee HHTeHcusHbiMM, neivi nepes ujaposoi/i KnanaH?" nnn "Ha
                                       K3Koi/i ciaHUMM perncipupyeTCfl 6onbiue yieneK?"

                                     * rioBiopHoe o6cneflOBaHne ysnos nocne ycipaHeHMfl
                                       noflTsep>KflaeT acpcpeKTHBHOCTb pewioHia. OnepaiMSHbiM
                                       onpefleneHMfl acpcpeKTMBHOcin pewioHia flBnaeicfl ivieiofl
                                       MblJIbHblX paCTBOpOB.
                                     * B npouecc o6cneflOBaHMfl BKnKwai/iTe flei/iciBUfl "6bicTporo
                                       Koiopbie npeflnonaraioT ocymecTsneHne ynpomeHHoro
                                       HecnoxHbix npo6neM (nanpniviep, ocna6neHne rai/iKM, HenonHoe
                                       saKpbiine Knanana).

                                     * flnfl nporpaMMbi TexHunecKoro o6cny>KMBaHMfl paspa6oTai/iTe cucieiviy
                                       nepsooHepeflHoro ycipaHeHMfl o6teMHbix yieneK, He MCKnioHafl pa6oibi n
                                       Ha ysnax c HesHaHmenbHbiMM
                                     * Byflymne o6cneflOBaHMfl cpoKycupyi/Jie na CTanunflx n ysnax,
                                       Han6onbium/i
                                     * Perncipupyi/iTe o6teM coKpamenna aMnccnn wieiaHa no Ka>Kfloi/i
                                       KOMnpeccopHoi/i ciaHunn n BKnionai/iTe era B roflosbie oineTbi nporpaMMbi
                                       Natural Gas STAR.
16

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    	          Bascom-Turner Instruments, personal communication.
                                     Foxboro Environmental Products, personal communication.
                                     Gas Technology Institute (formerly the Gas Research Institute), personal com-
                                     munication.
                                     Henderson,Carolyn,U.S.EPA Natural Gas STAR Program, personal communi-
                                     cation.
                                     Howard, Touche, Indaco Air Quality Services, personal communication.
                                     Indaco Air Quality Services, Inc., 1995, A High Flow Rate Sampling System
                                     for Measuring Leak Rates at Natural Gas Facilities. Report No.GRI-
                                     94/0257.38.Gas Technology Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
                                     Indaco Air Quality Services, lnc.,1995,Leak Rate Measurements at U.S. Nat-
                                     ural Gas Transmission Compressor Stations. Report No.GRI-94/0257.37.Gas
                                     Technology Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
                                     Indaco Air Quality Services, Inc., 1999 Cost Effective Leak Mitigation at Natur-
                                     al Gas Transmission Compressor Stations, Report No.PRC-246-9526. PRC
                                     International (report available from the American Gas Association, Arlington,
                                     Virginia).
                                     King Instrument Company, personal  communication.
                                     Omega Engineering, personal communication.
                                     Physical Acoustics Corporation, personal communication.
                                     Radian International, 1996, Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Indus-
                                     try, Volume 2, Technical Report, Report No.GRI-94/0257.1.Gas
                                     Radian International, 1996, Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Indus-
                                     try, Volume 8, Equipment Leaks, Report No.GRI-94/0257.1.Gas Technology
                                     Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
                                     Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc., personal communication.
                                     Tingley, Kevin, U.S.EPA Natural Gas STAR Program, personal communica-
                                     tion.
                                     UE Systems Inc., personal communication.
                                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994 - 2001, Natural Gas STAR Pro-
                                     gram, Partner Annual Reports.
                                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995, Natural Gas STAR Program
                                     Summary and Implementation Guide for Transmission and Distribution Part-
                                     ners.
17

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&EPA
    United States
    Environmental Protection Agency
    Air and Radiation (6202J)
    1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
    Washington, DC 20460

    EPA430-B-03-008
    Oeepanb 2003 r.

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