EPA POLLUTION
OnbiT
npHMGHeHMsq
OT napTHepOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR
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INSTALLING VAPOR RECOVERY UNITS ON CRUDE OIL
STORAGE TANKS
YCTAHOBKA KOHflEHCATOPOB flJlfl CKJIAflCKMX
PE3EPBYAPOB CblPOM HEOTM
B CoeflMHeHHbix LUiaTax cymecTsyei OKOJIO 573 000 pesepsyapos flna xpaneHMfl cbipoi/i Hecp™. 3™ pesepsyapbi
McnonbsyioTCfl A™ xpaneHMfl Hecp™ B leneHne KopoiKoro nepnofla speivieHM arm CTa6MnM3au.MM ee noioKa Me>Kfly
3KcnnyaTau.MOHHOM CKsa>KMHOM M Tpy6onposoflOM MJIM norpysoHHbiM nymcroM. Bo speivifl xpaneHMfl nerKne
yrnesoflopoflbi, paciBopeHHbie B cbipoi/i Hecp™, BKnKwafl wieian n flpyrne neiyHne opraHnnecKne coeflMHeHna (J1OC),
rasoKOHfleHcaiHbie xnflKoc™ (I~>K), onacHbie sarpflSHmenn sosflyxa (O3B) n flpyrne MHepiHbie rasbi, ncnapaioTCfl
"MrHoseHHO ncnapaioTCfl" n co6npaK)TCfl B cso6oflHOM npocipaHCTse wie>Kfly xnflKocibio n saKpbiioi/i KpbiujKoi/i
pesepsyapa. flocKonbKy yposeHb xnflKoc™ B pesepsyape nsMeHfleicfl, a™ napbi Hacio Bbixoflfli B aiMoccpepy.
cnoco6oM npefloispameHMfl aMnccnn nerKnx napos yrnesoflopoflOB n nonyneHMfl
3KOHOMMM flBJifleicfl yciaHOBKa KOHfleHcaiopos Ha HecpTexpannnnmax. KoHflencaiopbi npeflCTasnflioT co6oi/i
OTHOcmenbHO npocibie cucieivibi, B Koiopbix KOHflencupyeTCfl OKOJIO 95 npouenioB napos c BbicoKoi/i TennoiBopHoi/i
cnoco6HocibK). 3™ o6teMbi napa MO>KHO npoflaib nnn ncnonbsosaTb Ha nponsBOflCTBennbix ynaciKax B Kanecise
Tonnnsa. B Hacioamee speivifl B HecpTeflo6biBaK)mei/i oipacnn yciaHOBneHO npniviepHO 8 000 - 10 000
KOHfleHcaiopoB, K KoiopbiM noflcoeflMHeHO B cpeflHeM Heibipe pesepsyapa.
flapiHepbi nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR nonyHnnn cymecTBeHHyio aKOHOMMK) OT KOH.qeHcau.MM M npofla>KM napa M B
TO >Ke speMfl cymecTseHHO coKpaTMJiM 3MMCCMK) MeTana M onacHbix sarpasHMTeneM BO3flyxa. Flo ou.eHK3M napTHepos,
npM flocTaTOHHOM o6teMe napa, ycrraHOBKa KOHflencaTopa na O^MH MJIM necKonbKO pesepsyapos xpaneHMfl cbipoi/i
HecpTM noMoxeT caKOHOMMTb flo $260 060 B rofl M OKynMTca nepes TpM Mecau.a. B STOM OTHeTe cepMM "OnbiT
npMMeHeHMfl" coo6maeTca o TOM, K3K napTHepbi MoryT npasMnbHO onpeflenMTb MSCTO M speMfl ycTaHOBKM
KOHfleHcaTopoB flnfl nonyneHMfl aKOHOMMHecKMX M 3KonorMHecKMX Bbirofl.
MCTOHHMK
3MMCCMM
Peaepsyap
xpaHeHnsq
HecfDTM
ToflOBoPi o6beivi
noTepaHHoro
rasa, Tbic. cfDyT.3
(TbIC. M3)
4900(139)-
96 000 (2718)
MeTOfl
CHM>KeHI/lfl o6b6IVIOB
noTepaHHoro rasa
KoHfleHcaTop
CTOMMOCTb
KOHfleHCMpOBaH-
Horo rasa, $
$13000-
$260 OOO1
KannTanbHbie
33Tp3Tbl M
33Tp3Tbl H3
ycTaHOBKy, $
$26 470 -
$77 000
CTOMMOCTb eweroflHoro
SKcrmyTaqi/ioHHoro M
TexHMHecKoro
o6cny>Ki/iBaHi/ifi, $
$5 250 -$12 000
Flepnofl
OKynaeMOCTM
OT 3 MecaqeB
flO 3,4 J16T
rasa $3/Tbic. 4>yT.3 ($106/Tbic. M3) yMHO>KeHa Ha 95 npoueHTOB e>KeroflHbix noTepb rasa.
HaCTOflmMM flOKyMSHT - OflMH M3 OTH6TOB CepMM "OnblT npMM6HeHMfl", pa3pa6OTaHHOM EPA B COTpyflHMHeCTBe C
rasosoM OTpacnbK) B paMKax npoeKTOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR.
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OnucaHne
TexHonoruM
Cbipaa HecpTb B eciecTBeHHbix ycnosMflx coflepxm MHoro nerKnx
yrnesoflopoflOB B pacTsopem-ioM sufle. flpn oiKaHKe Hecp™ Ha nosepxHocib
n ee nepepa6oTKe MHorne 6onee nerKne yrnesoflopoflbi, a TaioKe
OTflenaioTCfl cenaparapaiviM BbicoKoro n HMSKoro flasneHMfl. Saieivi
HecpTb nepeKaHnsaeicfl A™ xpanennfl B pesepsyap B OKHflaHnn npoflaxn n
TpancnopTupoBKM flo wiecTa, n ocTasLunecfl B Hecp™ yrnesoflopoflbi B sufle
napos TaioKe nociynaioT B pesepsyap. 3™ napbi BbinycKaioTCfl B
aiMoccpepy, nn6o OKuraioTCfl B cpaKene, nn6o KOHfleHcupyioTCfl B
yciaHOBKax. noiepn ociafomnxcfl nerKnx yrnesoflopoflOB pacnpeflenaioTCfl
no ipeivi Kaieropuflivi:
* noiepn OT OKuraHMfl napos B cpaKene npn cnnse Hecp™ B pesepsyapbi
flnfl xpaHeHMfl, Haxoflflmneca npn aiMoccpepHOM flasneHMM nepes
cenapaiop nnn HarpeBaTenb-OHMCTmenb, pa6oTaiomm/i npn flasneHnn
OKOJIO 35 cpyHTOB Ha KBaflpaiHbii/i flioi/iM (241,3 Kfla).
* Pa6o 36°) ncnapaeicfl 6onbiue
nerKnx ymesoflopoflos, neivi us 6onee Tflxenoro cbipbfl (nnoiHOCTb B
rpaflycax AwiepuKaHCKoro HecpiflHoro MHCTmyia < 36°). B pesepsyapax
xpaneHMfl Hecp™ c ee uupKyrmunei/i n BbicoKoi/i o6mei/i nponycKHOi/i
cnoco6HocibK) nponcxoflMT ncnapenne 6onbLunx o6teMOB "pa6oHnx" napos
no cpasHeHMK) c o6teMaMM us pesepsyapos c HMSKOM nponycKHOi/i
cnoco6HocibK), rfle Hecpib xpaHmca 6onee flnmenbHoe speivifl n
noflsepraeicfl BbiBeipuBaHMK). B more, pa6oHafl Tewinepaiypa n flasneHne
Hecp™ B KOHiei/iHepe, us Koioporo necpib cnnsaeTCfl B pesepsyap xpanennfl,
Ha o6teM ncnapflfomnxcfl us necp™ rasos.
Cocias KOMnoHeHTOB ainx napos pasnuneH, HO ocnosHbiM KOMnoneHTOivi
flBnaeicfl ivieiaH (OKOJIO 40 - 60 npouenioB). flpyrne KOMnoneHTbi BKruonaioT
Sonee cno>KHbie no cociasy yrnesoflopoflbi, TaKMe K3K nponan, 6yiaH n
3T3H; MHepiHbie npupoflHbie rasbi, TaKMe K3K asoi n yrneKucnbii/i rss n
onacHbie sarpflSHmenn sosflyxa, TaKMe K3K, 6eHson, Tonyon, 3™n6eH3on n
Kcunon (BMecie a™ neibipe onacHbix ssrpflSHmenfl soaflyxa o6o3HaHaK)TCfl
BTEX).
YciaHOBKH KOHfleHcupyioT 6onee 95 npoueHios aMnccnn ymesoflopoflos,
HaKannnsaeivibix B pesepsyapax. flocKonbKy KOHfleHcuposaHMbie napbi
coflepxai rasoKOHfleHcai (flaxe nocne Toro, K3K KOHfleHcai 6bin nornomeH
BC3CbiB3K>mmvi rssooHMCTmeneivi), OHM coxpanaioT TennoTBOpnyK)
cnoco6Hocib, Koiopaa npesbiiuaeT Tpe6osaHMfl no KanecTsy rasa B
ipy6onpoBOfle (OT 950 flo 1 100 6pmaHCKMX lennosbix eflUHnu Ha
Ky6nHecKm/i cpyi (OT 8 536 KKan/M3 flo 9 893 KKan/M3). B
OT o6teivia rasoKOHflencaTa B napax, TennoTBOpnaa
cnoco6HOCTb wioxeT flocTuraTb 2 000 6pnTaHCKMX Tennosbix eflUHnu Ha
Ky6nHecKm/i cpyT (18 000 KKan/M3). floaToiviy B o6teMHOM
KOHfleHcuposaHHbie napbi wioryT 6biTb 6onee uenHbiwin, neivi
M6T3H B OTflenbHOCTM.
Ha PMC. 1 npusefleHS cxeivis KOHfleHcarapa, ycTaHosneHHoro Ha OTflenbHOM
pesepsyape flna xpanennfl cbipoi/i HecpTM (cucTeivia MHoroceKunoHHoro
pesepsyapa o6menpMHflTaa). flapbi yrnesoflopofla, ussneHeHMbie us
-------
pesepsyapa nqq HMSKMM flasneHneivi, o6bNHO usiviei-miomerocfl OT neibipex
yHU.ni/i flo flsyx cpyHios Ha KsaflpaiHbii/i flioi/iM (2-14 Kfla), noflaicrrcfl Ha
cenapaiop (scacbisaiomyK) ipy6y rasooHMCTMTerm) Arm c6opa nio6oi/i
>KMflKoc™, Koiopaa KOHfleHcupyeicfl. >KnflKocib o6bNHO peu.npKynnpyeTCfl B
pesepsyap Arm xpanenna Hecp™. Ms cenapaiopa napbi BbiBOflflica nepea
Kowinpeccop, Koiopbii/i o6ecneHMBaeT HMSKoe flasneHne scacbisaHMfl B
cucieiviy KOHfleHcaiopa. (flna npefloispameHUfl cosflaHna saKyyivia B
sepxHei/i Hacin pesepsyapa npn oiKaHKe Hecp™, Korfla yposeHb Hecp™
CHMxaeicfl, KOHfleHcaiop ocnameH ycipoi/icTBOM ynpasneHMfl,
nepeKpbisaiomero Kowinpeccop n OTKpbisaiomero o6paiHbii/i CIOTOK napa B
pesepsyap). Saieivi KonnnecTBO napos sawiepaeTCfl n yflanaeicfl us cucieivibi
KOHfleHcaiopa Ana noflann B Tpy6onposofl nnn Ha TonnnBHyio
PMC. 1: YcTaHOBKa KOHfleHcaTopa co CTaHflapTHbiM
pesepeyapoM
BeHTMJlflMMOH-
H3fl JIMHMfl
O6paTHbiM Kjia-
naH flaBneHMfl
flpofla>Ka
KOMnpeccop MCTOHHMK Evans & Nelson, 1968 r. :
SKOHOMMHeCKMe
n 3Kono
Bbiroflbi
KoHflencaTopbi wioryi o6ecneKHO McnonbsosaTb cneflyiommvi o6pasoM:
* noflaib B ra30c6opHbii/i Tpy6onposofl
BbicoKOKanecTBeHHoro npupoflHoro rasa BbicoKoi/i TennoTBOpHOCTn;
* npnivieHMTb K3K Tonnnso Ana co6cTB6HHbix Hy>Kfl;
* noflcoeflMHMTb K perynnpoBOHHOiviy ysny Arm oifleneHMfl rasoKOHfleHcaia
n wieiaHa, ecnn o6teM rasoKOHfleHcaia n era u,ena KOMMepnecKM
flpeflnaraeivibie yciaHOBKM nosBormioT KOHfleHcuposaTb onacHbie
sarpasHMTenn sosflyxa n o6ecneHMBaK)T CHMxeHne MX Bbi6pocos, Koiopbie
pernaivieHTMpyioTCfl flna KowinaHm/i B Pasflene 5 SaKOHa o HMCTOM
aiMoccpepe CLUA. ynasnuBaHne wieiaHa TaioKe nosBormeT yivieHbiiJMTb
3MMCCMK) MomHoro napHMKOsoro rasa (Title V of the Clean Air Act. By captur-
ing methane, VRUs also reduce the emissions of a potent greenhouse gas).
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KoivinaHMM, Mcnonbsyfomne flna xpaneHMfl Hecp™ pesepsyapbi c
HenoflBM>KHOi/i Kpbiiuei/i, wioryi ouenmb aKOHOMMHecKyio acpcpeiansHOCTb
ycianoBKH KOHfleHcaiopoB Ha ocHose cneflyiomnx Hecno>KHbix flei/Jcism/i.
3ran 1: Bbi6op eosMOWHoro Mecra
ycraHOBKM KOHAeHcaropa. nm-b S^HOB OUCHKM 34>4>eKTMBHocrn
flpaKTMHecKM j~iK)6oi/i pesepsyapHbii/i npuMCHeHun KOHfleHcaropos:
napK npeflciasj-ifleT co6oii 1 Bbl6op B03MO>KHOro M6CTa yCTaHOBKM
noTeHL4naribHbii/i ynacTOKflnfl KOHfleHcarapa.
yciaHOBKM KOHfleHcaiopa. _ _. ,
} 2. OnpefleneHMe ooteivia SMMCCMM
KntoHesbiMM MOMeHTawin ycneujHoro napOB
npoeKia BHeflpeHna KOHfleHcaiopoB
nociynneHne 3' Onpefle^eHMe CTOMMOCTM
_ J BOSBpameHMH napOB B >KMflKvio cbasy.
flociaTOHHoro o6teivia napos cbipon
H6Cp™ M cymeCTBOBanne pblHKa 4- OnpefleneHMe CTOMMOCTM npoeKTa.
c6biia flnfl npOMSBefleHHoro 5. 3KoHOMMHecKaa oueHKa npoeKTa.
npoflyKia. rioTeHunaribHbii/i o6teM
napos sasucMT OT cociasa necp™ n
MHTencMBHOc™ ee noioKa MS pesepsyapa. flpn Bbi6ope wiecia ycianoBKH
KOHfleHcaiopos cneflyei yHMTbiBaib ciomviocTb
Tpy6onposofla flna MapujpyTusaunn napos sa npeflenbi
3ran 2: OnpeAeneHne o6teMa SMMCCMM napoe. 3iviMCCMfl MOKST 6biib
MSMepena nnn oueHeHa. flna usiviepeHMfl MaKCMManbHbix o6teMOB aMnccnn
MO>KHO McnoribsosaTb fluacpparivieHHbii/i pacxoflowiep nnn perncipupyiomm/i
MaHOMeip, T3K K3K 3TOT noKasaienb ncnoribsyeTCfl flna onpefleneHna
pasiviepoB KOHfleHcaiopa. OflHaKO fluacpparivieHHbii/i pacxoflowiep MOKST He
nfl flnmeribHbix nsMepenni/i o6mnx o6teMOB ns-sa HMSKoro
B pesepsyapax. Pacnei nonHoi/i aMnccnn napa us HecpiflHbix
pesepsyapos MOKST 6biib saipyflHeH no MHormvi npunnHaivi, Koiopbie
OKasbisaioT snuflHue Ha o6teM rasa, npeflnonaraeivioro flna BbinycKa us
pesepsyapa cbipoi/i necp™, n BKnionaioT cneflyiomee:
1. Pa6oKHO npn6riM3MTeribHO ouenmb BO3MO>KHyK3
-------
3MMCCMK) napos MS 6appenfl Hecp™. TaK, nycib saflana onpefleneHHaa
nnoiHOCTb HecpienpoflyKTOB, Hanpniviep, 38° n flasneHne B CJIMBHOI/J
eMKOCTM (Hanpniviep, 40 cpymoB Ha KBaflpaiHbii/i flioi/iM (276 Kfla), Torfla
nonHbii/i o6teM napa MOKST 6biib paccnmaH Ha 6appenb necp™, Hanpniviep,
43 cpyHia Ha KBaflpaiHbii/i flioi/iM na 6appenb. flpn pacneie o6teivia aMnccnn
na 6appenb, nonnaa sennHMHa aMnccnn us pesepsyapa MOKST 6biib
onpeflenena yMHOKenneivi pacneiHoi/i sennHUHbi Ha o6mee KonnnecTBO
Hecp™, uupKynnpyiomei/i nepes pesepsyap. l~lpoflon>Kafl ain paccy>KfleHMfl B
npeflnono>KeHMM, HTO cpeflnaa nponycKHaa cnoco6Hocib cocTasnfleT
1000 6appenei/i B cyiKM, nonyHMM o6myio aMnccnio B 43 Tbic. cpyi3 B cyiKM
(1 218 M3 BcyiKM) (PMC. 3).
PMC. 2: PacneTHbiM o6"beM napa B pesepeyapax xpaneHnsq HecpTM
s flapbi, BbiSpacbieaeMbie us pesepeyapoe,
§ Tbic. 43yT.3/6appenb - rasoebii/i fyaKJOp
T
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
neHne B cocyfle annea B pesepeyap, cJjyHT Ha KBaflpaiHbii/i flioi/iM
-iswold & Amber (1978)
HeflociaiKM aioro noflxofla saKJiKHaioTCfl B OTcyicTBUM uncpopiviauMM o
cociase
napos M
H6B03MO>KHOCTM Hai/JTM
M6>Kfly
onacHbiMM
B03flyxa, HTO MOK6T
SblTb B3>KHO
KOHTporm
B03flyxa, a TaioKe
CTOMMOCTM
napos.
PMC 3: O6"beM (Q) SMMCCMM napoe
flano:
Hec}3TenpoflyKTOB B rpaflycax AMepuKaHCKoro
Hec}3TaHoro MHCTMTyia = 38°
flaBnem/ie B cenapaiope = 40 chymes Ha KBaflpaiHbii/i
fliOMM (276 Kfla)
PacxoflHbii/i 14MKJ1 Hec}3TM = 1 000 6appenei/i/cyTKM
O6teM 3MMCCMM napes = 43 Tbic. c}3yT.3/6appejib (1 ,2
Tbic. M3) (flanHbie puc. 2)
Q = 43 Tbic. 43yT.3/6appenb (1,2 Tbic. M3/6appenb) x
1 000 6appenei/i/cyTKM = 43 Tbic.
(1 ,2 Tbic. M3/cyTKn)
-------
Biopoi/i nqqxofl COCTOMT B npmvieHeHnn nporpawiMHoro naKeia E&P Tank,
2.01, flsrmiomerocfl HOBOM sepcuei/i nporpawiMHoro o6ecneHeHMfl
AwiepuKaHCKoro MHCTmyia Hecp™, B Koiopoi/i yraHHena ncxoflnaa MOflenb.
flapiHepbi nporpawiMbi Natural Gas STAR peKOMeHflyioT nporpawiMy E&P
Tank KaKnyniuee flociynHoe cpeflciso npn ou.eHKe aMnccnn us OHMCTHBIX
yciaHOBOK pesepsyapos.
flporpaiviMHoe o6ecneKHO
BbinonHMTb 6onee TOHHbie oueHKM. TaKaa rn6Kocib MOflenn nosBonaei
aflaninposaTb ee K nivieiomei/icfl MHCpopiviauMM. CBOi/icTBa Hecp™ B
cenapaiope flsnaioTCfl KTHOHesoi/i uncpopiviauMei/i npn MOflennposaHMM n
nporpawiMa E&P Tank coflepxm onunio npoioKona oi6opa n anannsa npo6
Arm TosapHoi/i Hecp™. B Hacioamee speivm paspa6aTbiBaK)TCfl sepcun
nporpawiMHoro o6ecneHeHMfl, BKrHOHafomne oueHKy aMnccnn us
pesepsyapos TexHonornnecKoi/i
3ran 3: OnpeAenenne CTOMMOCTM BoaepameHnsq napoe B >KMAKyio
cpasy. CiomviocTb napos, KOHflencupyeivibix B ycianoBKe, n flanbHei/iiija
npoflyKunn nponsBOflmermiviM sasucm OT Toro, rfle OHM
npuMenenne:
1 . McnojibsosaHne KOHfleHcuposaHHbix napos flna co6cTB6HHbix ny>Kfl B
Kanecise Tonnnsa o6ecneKaiOLneM cpeflbi CLUA He npOBOflmio MHoronnaHOBbix
nporpaMMbi E&P Tank n noaroMy He MO>KeT noflTBepflmb ee KBK MHCTpyivieHT TOHHOM
3MMCCMM. OflHaKO napiHepbi nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR peKOMeHflosann nporpaMMy E&P
Tank KBK nyniuMM flOcrynHbiM MHCrpyMeHT flnsq OU,BHW SMMCCMM napos M3 peaepsyapOB.
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Ha ra3oc6opHbiM Tpy6onposofl, flon>KHbi oueHMsaTbca K3K npoflyicr c
BbicoKOM TennoTBOpHOM cnoco6HocibK) B pacneie Ha Tbicany Ky6MHecKMX
cpyios napos.
flapbi, noflasaeMbie na nepepa6aTbisaK)mm/i sasofl, rfle
OTfleneHMe npupoflHoro rasoKOHfleHcaia OT rasosoro noioKa M
nepenpoflawa npupoflHbix rasoKOHfleHcaia M wieiaHa B
TaioKe flon>KHbi MMeTb nojiHyK) ueny, cooTBeicTByiomyK) npqqyKiy c
BbicoKoi/i TennoTBOpHoi/i cnoco6HocibK). Ha puc. 4 unrnocipupyeTCfl
wieiofl BbNucneHMfl CTOMMOCTM KOHfleHcupyeMbix napos npn cpeflHei/i
U6H6 $3,00 33
cpyios ($106/Tbic. M3)
npn TennoTBOpHoi/i
cnoco6Hoc™ 1000
BpmaHCKMX
Tennosbix eflUHnu Ha
cpyios (900 KKan/M3).
flpn 6onee BbicoKoi/i
TennoTBOpnoi/i
cnoco6Hoc™
Sonee BbicoKoi/i.
PMC. 4: CronMOCTb KOHAencupyeMbix napoe
R = QxP
R = eanoBbii/i
Q = MHieHCMBHOCTb KOHfleHcai4MM napa (ibic.
P = 148H3 npupOflHoro rasa
Pacnei:
Q = 41 Tbic. 0yr.3/cyT. (1,1 Tbic. M3/cyi.) (95% OT 43 Ha
puc. 3)
P = $3/Tbic. $yT.3($106/Tbic. M3)
R = 41 Tbic. c}3yT.3/cyT. (1,1 Tbic. M3/cyT.) x $3/Tbic.
($106/TblC. M3)=
$123/cyT.
$3 800/Mec.
$45 600/rofl
3Tan 4: OnpeAennre CTOMMOCTB npoexra. OcHOBHbiMM
CTOMMOCTM KOHfleHcaTopoB flBJiflioTCfl nepBOHaHanbHbie KanMTanbHbie
saTpaTbi Ha o6opyflosaHMe, CTOMMOCTb MOHTaxa M
pacxoflbi.
KoHflencaTopHbie CMCTewibi BbinycKaioTCfl HecKonbKMMM
CTOMMOCTb o6opyflOBaHMfl, B OCHOBHOM, 33BMCMT OT TeXHOnorMHeCKMX
nap3M6TpOB yCT3HOBKM, flSBJieHMfl B TOBapHOM Tpy6onpOBOfl6, KOJIMHeCTBa
pesepsyapos B napKe, pasMepa M TMna KOMnpeccopa M CTeneHM
asTOMaTMsauMM. fnasHbie aneMeHTbi KOHflencaTopa - scacbisaiomMM
rasooHMCTMTenb, KOMnpeccop M 6noK asTOMaTMSMposaHHoro ynpasneHMfl.
l~lpM6opbi flnfl MSMepeHMM o6teMOB rasa npMo6peTaK)TCfl OTflenbHO sa
nnaTy K 6asoBOM CTOMMOCTM 6onbUJMHCTBa ycTaHOBOK.
PMC. 5: CTOMMOCTb M ra6apnjbi KOHAeHcaropoB
O6beM,
TbIC. CfDyT.3
(TbIC. M3)/CyT.
25 (0,7)
50(1,4)
100(2,8)
200 (5,6)
500(14,1)
MOLl^HOCTb
KOMnpec-
copa,
Jl.C.
5-10
10-15
15-25
30-50
60-80
KanMTanb-
Hbie
33TpaTbl, $
15125
19500
23500
31500
44000
SaTpaTbi Ha
MOHT3>K, $
7560-15125
9750-19500
11 750-23500
15750-31 500
22 000 - 44 000
CTOMMOCTb
SKcnnyaTaqMM M
TexHMHecKoro
o6cny>KMBaHMfi, $/rofl
5250
6000
7200
8400
12000
npi/iMeHam/ie: MHcfDopMaqufi o CTOMMOCTM npeflocTaaneHa napTHepaMM
nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR M npoMSBOflMTenfiMM KOHfleHcaTopoB.
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Ljena TMCIOBOM ycTanosKM KOHfleHcaiopa M conyTCTByfomne saipaibi
npeflCTasneHbi Ha puc. 5.
flpM Kann6poBKe KOHfleHcaiopa, nsroTOBmenn, K3K npaBMno,
MaKCMMaJIbHyK) CKOpOCTb SMMCCMM K3K 66 yflBOeHHblM CpeflHecyTOHHblM
o6teM.
TaKMM o6pasoM, flna KOHflencMposaHMfl 43 Tbic. cpyi.VcyT. (1,2 Tbic. M3/cyi.)
napa (puc. 3) cneflyei Bbi6paib ycTanosKy c MMHMManbHOM
86 Tbic. cpyi.VcyT.
flapTHepbi, yciaHOBMBUJMe KOHfleHcaiopbi, n cpupMbi-nsroTOBmenn
coo6maK)T, HTO saipaibi Ha Moniax wioryi cocTasmb flo 50-100
OT HananbHoi/i CTOMMOCTM o6opyflosaHMfl. 3™ saipaibi wioryi
BapbuposaibCfl B SHaHmenbHbix npeflenax n sasucfli OT
MecTopacnono>KeHMfl (Ha oiflaneHHbix ynaciKax BO3MO>KHbi 6onee BbicoKne
saipaibi Ha Moniax) n KonnnecTBa pesepsyapos (Kpynnbie ycianoBKH
KOHfleHcaiopos ipe6yK)T 6onbiuee KonnnecTBO pesepsyapos). Saipaibi Ha
oirpysKy, noflroTOBmenbHbie pa6oibi na npowinnomaflKe, cipomenbCTBO
nofl KOHflencaiopbi (flna sammbi B xonoflHoe spewia rofla) n
o6opyflosaHMe (flna yflaneHHbix ynacTKOB, pewmvia
pa6oibi) flon>KHbi ynmbiBaTbCfl npn oueHKe saipai Ha
MOHT3>KHbie pa6OTbl.
3KcnnyaTai4MOHHbie saipaibi n saipaibi na TexHMHecKoe o6cny>KMBaHMe
sasucflT OT MecTononoxeHMfl KOHflencaiopoB (Ha ynaciKax c cyposbiM
KnuiviaTOM KOHflencaiopbi MSHaujusaioTCfl 6bicipee), OT CTOMMOCTM
aneKTpoaneprMM M KanecTsa flo6biBaeMOM necpTM. HanpMMep, napacpMH,
B HecpTM, wioxeT sacopMTb KOHfleHcaTop M Ha era
6onbiiJMe
HaKoneu, CTOMMOCTb Tpy6onposofla arm noflsofla K napKy pesepsyapos
BMecTe c nepepa6aTbisaK)mMM sasoflOM MJIM HecpTenposoflOM flsnaeTCfl
aneivieHTOM pacneTa scex aKOHOMMHecKMX noKasaTenei/i KOHfleHcaTopHbix
ycTaHOBOK. TaKMe saTpaTbi oneHb cneuMcpMHHbi M 3flecb He
pacciviaTpMBaioTCfl.
PMC. 6: 3KOHOMMH6CKMM ana/ins npoeKTa ycraHOBKH KOHAeHcaropoB
MOLl^HOCTb,
TbIC. CfDyT.3
(M3)/cyT.
25 (0,7)
50(1,4)
100(2,8)
200 (5,6)
500(14,1)
SaTpaTbi Ha
ycTaHOBKy v\
Kani/iTanbHbie
33TpaTbl, $
26470
34125
41 125
55125
77000
CTOMMOCTb
SKcnnyaTaqnn
M TexHMHecKoro
o6cny>KMBaHMfi,
$/rofl
5250
6000
7200
8400
12000
CTOM-
MOCTb
rasa2,
$/rofl
13000
26000
52015
104025
260 060
CpOK
OKynae-
MOCTM
3,4 rofla
1,7 J16T
9 MecsqqeB
6 MecsqqeB
3 MecsqqeB
BoaspaT
MHBeCTMMMM,
%
14
51
106
172
322
1 CTOMMOCTb yCTaHOBKM C yHGTOM 33Tp3T H3 MOHT3>K B pa3M6pe 75% OT CTOMMOCTM
o6opyflOBaHMR OaKTMnecKne M3flep>KKM MoryT 6biTb Bbime B aasMCMMOCTM OT pacxoflos Ha
OTrpy3Ky, noflroTOBMTenbHbie pa6oTbi, flononHMTenbHoe o6opyflOB3HMe M T.fl.
2 95% Bcero KOHfleHCMposaHHOro rasa npM u,e»e $3 Tbic. 4>yT.3 x 1/2 MOLUHOCTM x 365.
3flpM 10% yneTHOM CTBEKM flMCKOHTa.
4 B TGHGHMe 5 J16T.
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3Tan 5: OKOHOMMHecKaa OLjeHxa npoexra. YciaHOBKa KOHfleHcaiopos
MOK6T 6blTb OHSHb BblCOflHa V\ SaBMCMT OT KOHtlOHKTypbl U.6H H3
KOHfleHcuposaHHbie napbi Ha wiecTHOM pbiHKe. Ha puc. 6 npeflciasneHa
ou.eHKa sosspaia MHBecTMU.ni/i Arm KOHflencaiopHbix ycianoBOK pasriMHHOM
MOUJHOCTM M CTOMMOCTM, npMBefleHHblX H3 pMC. 5. fla>K6 C yHSTOM
MMHMManbHOM u.eHbi KOHfleHCMposaHHbix napos B $3,00 sa Tbic. cpyi.3
($106/Tbic. M3) nepMOfl Bosspais MHBecTnum/i, oco6eHHO flna KpynHbix
yciaHOBOK, npuBneKaieneH.
Onbir OflHoro naprnepa
KoMnam/ia Chevron (CLLJA) yciaHOBmia eoceivib KOHfleHcaiopOB B 1996 r. Ha
pesepeyap Ana xpaHSHna HSC^TM. B pesyjibiaie Chevron nojiynmia coKpameHne
3MMCCMM 21 900 Tbic. cf>yT.3 (602,1 Tbic. M3) Meiana B rofl Ha Ka>KflOi/i yciaHOBKe.
flpn CTOMMOCTM $3 33 TbIC. <$>yT.3 ($106/TblC. M3) 3TO COOTB8TCTByeT 3KOHOMMM
OKOJIO $65 700 Ha ycTanoBKy MJIM $525 600 Ana scex BOCbMM ycTanoBOK.
KanMTanbHbie saTpaTbi M saTpaTbi Ha MOHTaw oueHMBariMCb B $240 000 ($30 000
na Oflny ycTanoBKy). PaccMaTpMBaeMbiM npoeKT MMSJI cpOK OKynaeMOCTM Menee
OflHoro rofla.
McnoribsoBaHMe KOHfleHcaTopos MOXST npMHOCMTb npM6binb npM
yMeHbiueHMM 3MMCCMM MSTaHa MS pesepsyapos xpaneHMfl HecpTM. flapTHepbi
npeflnaraioT cneflyiomMM onbiT npMMeHeHMfl ycTaHOBOK:
* McnoribsoBaHMe nporpaMMHoro o6ecneKHbi 6biib yciaHOBneHbi B iex
KOffla OHM flBJIflfOTCfl 3KOHOMMHeCKM BbirOflHbIMM C yHeTOM BC6X
BO3MO>KHbix aKOJiornHecKnx M 3KOHOMMHecKnx npeniviymecTB.
* Ms-sa oneHb HMSKoro nepenafla flasneHMfl Me>Kfly pesepsyapoM
xpaneHMfl Hecp™ v\ KowinpeccopoM peKOMeHflyeica ncnonbsoBaHne ipy6
Sonbiijoro fluawieipa flna wieHbiuero conpoTMBneHMfl rasosoiviy noioKy.
* ra6apmbi KOHflencaiopoB flon>KHbi nofl6npaTbca c yneToivi nepepa6oiKM
o6teMOB napos, nociynafomnx us pesepsyapa (3101
Bbi6npaeTCfl K3K yflsoeHHbii/i cpeflHecyionHbii/i o6teivi).
* Ha KOHfl6HC3TOpbl peKOM6HflyeTCfl yCT3H3BT!MB3Tb pOT3UMOHHbll/i
nnscTUHHSTbii/i Kowinpeccop arm noflann wianbix o6teMOB rasa npn
HMSKOM
* OneHb sa>KHO Bbi6npaTb Hafle>KHbie, HyBCTBMTenbHbie cucieivibi
ynpasneHMfl flna o6ecne
-------
Bigelow, Tom and Renee Wash. 1983. "VRUs Turn Vented Gas Into Dollars"
Northeast Oil Reporter. October 1983. pp. 46-47.
Choi, M.S. 1993. API Tank Vapors Project. Presented at the 1993 SPE Tech-
nical Conference, Houston, TX, October 3-6, 1993. SPE Technical Paper No.
26588.
Dailey, Dirk, Universal Compression, personal contact.
Evans, G. B. and Ralph Nelson. 1968. Applications of Vapor Recovery to
Crude Oil Production. Hy-Bon Engineering Company. Midland, TX. SPE
Technical Paper No. 2089.
Griswold, John A., Power Services, Inc. and Ted C. Ambler, A & N Sales,
Inc. 1978. A Practical Approach to Crude Oil Stock Tank Vapor Recovery. Pre-
sented at the 1978 SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting, Cody, WY, May
7-9, 1978. SPE Technical Paper No. 7175.
Henderson, Carolyn, U.S. EPA Natural Gas STAR Program, personal con-
tact.
Hy-Bon Engineering Company, Inc. 1997. Product Bulletin: Vapor Recovery
Systems.
Liu, Dianbin and J.V. Meachen Jr., 1993. The Use of Vapor Recovery Units in
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Lucas, Donald, David Littlejohn, Ernest Orlando, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory; and Rhonda P. Lindsey, U.S. Department of Energy. 1997. The
Heavy Oil Storage Tank Project. Presented at the 1997 SPE/EPA Exploration
and Production Environmental Conference, Dallas, TX, March 1997. SPE
Technical Paper No. 37886.
Martin, Mark, UMC Automation, personal contact.
Moreau, Roland, Exxon-Mobil USA, personal contact.
Motley, Jack, V.R. Systems, Inc., personal contact.
Newsom, Vick L. 1997. Determination of Methane Emissions From Crude Oil
Stock Tanks. Presented at the SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environ-
mental Conference, Dallas, TX, March 3-5, 1997. SPE Technical Paper No.
37930.
Presley, Charles, A.G. Equipment, personal contact.
Primus, Frank A., Chevron USA, personal contact.
Tims, Arnold, Hy-Bon Engineering Company, Inc., personal contact.
Tingley, Kevin, U.S. EPA Natural Gas STAR Program, personal contact.
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10
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Webb, W.G. 1993. Vapor Jet System: An Alternate Vapor Recovery Method.
Presented at the 1993 SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental
Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 7-10,1993. SPE Technical Paper No.
25942.
Weldon, R. E. Jr., 1961. "Could You Recover Stock Tank Vapors at a Profit?"
The Petroleum Engineer. May 1961. pp. B29-B33.
Weust, John, Marathon Oil, personal contact.
11
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&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation (6202J)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
EPA430-B-03-015
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