Onbir
                                                   NaturalGasf
                                                   EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER
OT nap-mepOB  nporpaMMbi  Natural Gas STAR
CJ
REDUCING  EMISSIONS WHEN TAKING COMPRESSORS
OFF-LINE

COKPAUJEHME 3MMCCMM METAHA FIRM OTKJIKJHEHMM
KOMF1PECCOPOB
Kowinpeccopbi tunpoKO McnonbsyioTCfl B rasosbix ceiax OT npowibicnoBbix rasoc6opHbix ceiei/i n coopywenm/i
noflroioBKM rasa K flanbHei/Jujeiviy TpaHcnopTuposaHMK) flo cucieivi rasopacnpefleneHna. l~lpn OTKruoneHnn
KowinpeccopoB wioryi sosHMKaib yieHKM wieiaHa B pasnuHHbix wieciax B sasucmviocTM OT repwieTUHHOCTM cucieivibi. B
OTKnKweHHbix OT rasonposofla cucieiviax yieHKM wieiaHa nponcxoflfli B pesynbiaie "npoflysKn" - Bbi6poca B
aiMoccpepy OKaioro rasa, ociaBiuerocfl B Kowinpeccopax, n OT npoflon>KMTenbHbix yieneK us sanopHbix KnanaHos. B
cucieivie nofl flas/iem/iewi wieiaH ivioxei npocaHMBaibca nepes saKpbiibii/i npoflysonHbii/i KnanaH n ynnoiHeHUfl LUTOKOB
Kowinpeccopa.

flapiHepbi Natural Gas STAR o6Hapy>KMnM, HTO npocibie usivieHeHMfl B wieioflax pa6oibi o6ecneKHbix cpeflciB n SHaHMiejibHO CHMxaioT yieHKM wieiaHa. 3a cnei noflflepxaHna repwieTUHHOCTM KowinpeccopoB,
OTKnioHeHMbix no nponsBOflCTBeHHbiM npMHMHaM, flocTuraeicfl 6bicipafl OKynaewiocTb, T. K. arm aioro He ipe6yK)TCfl
flonoriHMTenbHbie KanmanbHbie saipaibi, n CHMxaioTCfl yieHKM wieiaHa nocne c6pocos flasneHMfl. PaccMaipuBaeivibie
flanee flsa wieiofla cnoco6cTsyK)T CHUxeHMK) aMnccnn wieiaHa. floflcoeflMHeHne nnHMi/i npoflysKM K cucieivie noflann
TonnnBHoro rasa npn ononoHeHHOM Kowinpeccope nosBonaei McnonbsosaTb ras, o6bNHO Bbi6pacbiBaeMbii/i B
aiMoccpepy. flna ycipaHeHMfl yieneK nepes ynnoiHeHne iiJTOKa npn OTKnioHeHnn Kowinpeccopa MO>KHO yciaHOBMTb
HenoflBMXHbie canbHUKM Ha UJTOKM Kowinpeccopa. OcnosHbiMn npemviymecTBaMM ainx Meioflos flsnaioTCfl
SHanmenbHoe CHMxenne o6teMOB Bbi6pocos rasa, MHieHCMBHOCTM yieneK, 6onee HMSKMB saipaibi Ha Tonnnso npn
cpoKe OKynaewiocTM  ivienee rofla.
flePicTBue
(cHMweHkie yjeneK 113
KOMnpeccopa)
BapnaHi 1 : floflflep>KKa
repMSTUHHOCTM
BapnaHi 2: floflflep>KKa
repMSTUHHOCTM M MCnCUIbSOBaHMe
rasa B KaneciBe Tonnnea
BapnaHT 3: floflqep>KKa
repMSTUHHOCTM M ydaHOBKa
HenoflBi/DKHOro ynnoiHeHna
SKOHOMMfl rasa,
TbIC. 4>yT.3(TblC.
M3)/rofl
4400(125)
+1 3451 (+38)
+1 2001(34)
HllCTblM flOXOfl
OT 3KOHOMMM
rasa, $/rofl2
13200
+4 0351
+3 6001
SajpaTbi Ha BHefl-
peHne, $
0
1 250
3000
OKynae-
MOCTb3
HeMeflneH-
H3S=I
4 MecHiia
10 MecsqL46B
1 ripeBbiLueHne 6a3OBoro yposHsq
2 CronMOCTb rasa = $3/Tbic. cjayr.3 ($106/Tbic. M3)
3 CrasKa flucKOHia 1 0%
  cToamni/i flOKywieHT - oflMH us OTHeroB cepnn "Onbir npnivieHeHMfi", pa3pa6oraHHOM EPA B corpyflHUHecTBe c
  oBoPi orpacjibfo B pawiKax npoeKTOB nporpaMMbi Natural Gas STAR.

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OnucaHne
TexHonoruM
Kowinpeccopbi, Mcnonbsyewibie B rasosbix ceiax, nepnoflUHecKM
n BbiKJiKHaioTCfl B saBMCMWiocTM oi MswieHeHMi/i TeKymero noTpe6neHMfl
npupoflHoro rasa. OciaHOBKM Kowinpeccopa o6ycnoBneHbi TaioKe
Heo6xoflMMOCTbK) TexHMHecKoro o6cny>KMBaHMfl n
asapm/iHbiMM cmyaunflMH. B o6menpMHflToi/i npaKTMKe npn
Kowinpeccopa nponssoflHTCfl "npoflysKa", npn Koiopoi/i us Kowinpeccopa
Bbi6pacbiBaeicfl ociaBium/icfl B Hewi nofl BbicoKMWi flasneHMeivi ras. flocne
c6poca flasneHMfl yieHKM wieiaHa npoflon>KaK)TCfl nepes sanopHbie KnanaHbi
yciaHOBKM. Korfla Kowinpeccop Haxoflmca nofl flasneHneM,  wieiaH MOKST
npocaHMsaibCfl nepes saKpbiibii/i npoflysonHbii/i KnanaH n
UJTOKOB Kowinpeccopa (puc. 1).
                                               PMC. 1: CxeMa KOMnpeccopa
                                 C6poc daenenua
                                 YnnoTHeHMe UJTOKH
                                 KOMnpeccopa
                                Hod daenenueM
                                  YnnoTHeHMe UJTOKH
                                  KOMnpeccopa
                                                         KnanaH (oTKpbir)
                                                                    SanopHbiii Knanan
                                                  - 6noK Knananoe (1,4 mbic.
                                                  (pym.Vvac (39,6 M3hac))
                                                  - cSpoc (15 mbic.
                                                  (pym.3/c6poc (424,7
                                                  M3/c5poc)
                                                  - npodyecHHbiu KnanaH
                                                  (1,5 mbic. (pym.Vyac.
                                                  (42,5 M3/vac.))
                                                  - ynnomneHue wmoKa
                                                  KOMnpeccopa (4 LumoKa
                                                  na KOMnpeccop, 0,30
                                                  mbic. Kfly 6asoBbiwin n wiaKcuwiajibMbiwin HarpysKawin
                            Kowinpeccopos B pasnuHHbix rasoipaHcnopTHbix KowinaHnax
                            sapbupyeica ssufly oinnHMi/i B aKcnnyaiaunoHHbix cipaiernflx,
                            KOHCipyKUMflx npuwieHflewibix cuciewi n noTpe6Hociei/i pbiHKOB. Ha
                            HeKoiopbix ipy6onpoBOflax 40 npouemoB Kowinpeccopos wioryi
                                              npn 6asoBbix HarpysKax, Ha flpyrux - 75
                                            B pexnwie o6bNHOi/i HarpysKM.
                            Han6onbium/i MCTOHHMK yieneK wieiaHa csasaH c nepexoflowi Kowinpeccopos
                            B pe>KMWi OTKnioHeHMfl OT cuciewibi npn ocymecTsneHMM unioia npoflysKM
                            BbinycKa ociaBiuerocfl B Kowinpeccope rasa (T. e. npn c6poce flasneHMfl). B
                            cpeflHewi, oflHa npoflysKa npusoflm K Bbi6pocy OKOJIO 15 Tbic. cpyi.3
                            (424,7 wi3) rasa B aiwioccpepy.

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3anopHbii/i KnanaH yciaHOBKM flBnaeicfl euje oflHMM MCTOHHMKOM
wieiaHa us KowinpeccopoB npn OTKruoneHMM. 3™ KpynHora6apmHbie
KnanaHbi OTKnKwaioT Kowinpeccop OT cein n wioryi nponycKaib
cymeciseHHoe KonnnecTBO wieiaHa us Tpy6onposofla BbicoKoro flasneHMfl B
aiMoccpepy ns-sa pasHMU.bi flasneHMfl B cucieiviax. O6bNHbii/i o6teM yieneK
flnfl T3KMX KnanaHos cocTasnaeT 1 400 cpyi.3 (39,6 M3) B KMBaHMe
npeflOTBpameHMfl yieneK, MX TpyflHOflociynHOCTb flBnaeic
HapaciaHMfl MHieHCMBHOCTM yieneK B nepnofl wie>Kfly nnaHOBbiM
            o6cny>KMBaHMeM n pewioHTHbiMM pa6oiaMM.
       MCTOHHMKOM yieHSK M3 KOMnpeCCOpOB npM MX OTKHfOHeHMM
           UJTOKOB Kowinpeccopa n KnanaHbi npoflysKM. YnnoiHeHMfl na
nopujnesbix iiJTOKax KOMnpeccopa nponycKaioT ras B o6bNHOM pa6oHeM
UMKne, HO yieHKM ysennHMBaioTCfl npn6nn3MTenbHO B neibipe pasa
(npniviepHO na 75 cpyi.3 (2,1 M3) B nac na UJTOK, nnn na 300 cpyi.3 (8,5 M3) B
nac na HeibipexunnnHflpoBbii/i KOMnpeccop) npn npocTansaHUM
KOMnpeccopa nnn HapacTannn B neivi M36biTOHHoro flasnennfl, TO ecib 6ea
        . YienKM nponcxoflfli nepes sasopbi Me>Kfly ynnoTHmenbHbiMM
         M MX onopHbiMM nasaivin, Koiopbie saKpbisaioTCfl npn
nepeiviemeHMM nopujHesoro iiJTOKa v\ civiasKM (CM. OTHST "CoKpamenne
3MMCCMM Meiana nepes cucieMy ynnoiHeHUfl iiJTOKa KOMnpeccopa" cepnn
"Onbii npuMeHeHMfl").  flpoflyBOHMbie KnanaHbi TaioKe nponycKaioT Meian
nepes cucieMbi repMeinsaunn co cpeflnei/i MHieHCMBHOcibK) 150 cpyi.VHac.
(4,2 M3/nac).

flapiHepbi Natural Gas STAR SHanmenbHO CHUsunn yieHKM Meiana us
KOMnpeCCOpOB, OTKntOHeHMblX OT CMCTeMbl no npOM3BOflCTB6HHblM
         , npuMeHMB oflMH nnn 6onee us ipex npeflnowem-ibix
1. noflqep>KKa repMernHHOCTM KOMnpeccopa. Ana ycipaHeHMfl yieneK npn
npoflysKe KOMnpeccopa noflflepxusai/iTe nonHyio repMeinsaunK)
KOMnpeccopa. 3io cymeciseHHO CHMxaei m-ueHCMBHOCTb yieneK nepes
KnanaHbi npn6nn3MTenbHO OT 1 400 cpyi.VHac. (39,6 M3/nac.) flo
450 cpyi.VHac. (12,7 M3/nac.) us npoflysoHHoro Knanana M ynnoTHmenei/i
iiJTOKa. flaHHbii/i Meiofl He Tpe6yei flopa6oiKM o6opyflosaHMfl M cnmaeTCfl
               KOMnpeccopos scex innos, rfle BOSMOXHO era npuMenenne.
2. noflqepwKa repMernHHOCTM M MapiupyrMsauMfi rasa pj\n
ncnonb30BaHMsq B KanecTee Tonnnea. rioflcoeflUHeHne
npoflysKM K cucieMe noflann TonnnsHoro rasa nosBonaei ncnonbsosaTb
o6bNHO Bbi6pacbiBaeMbii/i ras B Kanecise Tonnnsa npn OTKnioHeHnn
KOMnpeccopa. KaK TonbKO flasneHne Me>Kfly TonnnsHoi/i cucieMoi/i M
KOMnpeccopoM ypasHOBeiueHO, KOMnpeccop pa6oiaeT npn He6onbiuoi/i
HarpysKe npn flasneHnn TonnnsHoro rasa (o6bNHO 100-150 cpymoB Ha
KBaflpaiHbii/i flioi/iM (689,5 - 1 034,2 Kfla)). YieHKa nepes ynnoiHeHUfl
KOMnpeccopa M cucieMy npoflysKM CHMxaeica npn6nn3MTenbHO flo
125 cpyi.VHac. (3,5 M3/Hac.). YienKM nepes KnanaHbi cucieMbi nociynaioT B
KOMnpeccop M saieM B TonnnBHyio cucieMy nepes
3. noflflep>KKa repMernHHOCTM M ycraHOBKa HenoABM>KHoro canbHMKa.
        nenoflBUXHoro canbHMKa na iiJTOKax KOMnpeccopa MCKnioHaeT
      nepes ynnoTHmenn iiJTOKa BO speMfl ociaHOBKM, Korfla KOMnpeccop
HaXOflMTCfl B repMeTMHHOM COCTOflHMM. HenOflBM>KHbll/i CanbHMK
ycTaHasnuBaeTCfl Ha Ka>Kflbii/i san iiJTOKa c napyxnoi/i cioponbi
ciaHflapiHoro ynnoTHennfl. ABTOMaiMHecKMi/i KOHiponnep BKnionaeTCfl npn
ociaHOBKe KOMnpeccopa v\ noflaei KOMaHfly Ha OKaine repMeinHHoro
           BOKpyr sana;  npn sanycKe Koniponnep ocna6naeT ynnoiHenne.

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       BOSHMKaioT TonbKO MS npoflysoHHoro Knanana c
npn6j-iM3MTenbHO 150 cpyT.Vnac (4,2 M3/Kflbii/i
   pas npn OTKnioHeHMM Kowinpeccopa. flpeflnonarafl, HTO yciaHOBKM c
   Sasosoi/i HarpysKoi/i noflsepraioTCfl npoflysKe ipn pasa B rofl, a
   yciaHOBKM, pa6oTaK)mne B pewmviax nuKOBbix HarpysoK - 40, MOKHO
   paccHMiaib, HTO exeroflHaa aKOHOMna cocTasm 45-660 Tbic. cpyi.3 (1,3-
   18,7ibic. M3).

*  CHM>KeHMe o6-beMOB yreneK: noflflepxaHne nonHoi/i repMeinHHOCTM
   KowinpeccopoB nossonm ns6e>KaTb cymecTseHHbix yieneK nepes
   KnanaHbi B o6teivie 475 Tbic. cpyi.3 (13,5 Tbic. M3) B rofl npn o6bNHOi/i
   HarpysKe Ha o6opyqoBaHne M flo 3 800 Tbic. cpyi.3 (107,6 Tbic. M3) B rofl
   npn MaKCMManbHoi/i HarpysKe Ha o6opyflosaHMe.
*  CHMweHMe sarpaT Ha Tonnneo: noflana rasa us Kowinpeccopa B
   TonnnBHyio cucieiviy nosBonaeT McnonbsosaTb 3101 ras, Koiopbii/i
   6bin 6bi BbinymeH B aiMoccpepy, M, ISM cawibiM, CHUsmb  saipaibi Ha
   npno6peTeHne Tonnnsa.

Onepaiopbi wioryi nerKO v\ peHia6enbHO cnnsmb yieHKM wieiana us
KowinpeccopoB,  naxoflflmnxca B ononoHeHHOM cocioflHun, c
cneflyiomero:

3ran 1: OnpeAennre anbjepHaTMBHbie  eapnaHTbi MeroAaM
Tpn sapnaHia, onucaHne B pasflene "OnucaHne TexHonornn", MO>KHO
McnonbsoBaib, Korfla Kowinpeccop Haxoflmca B ononoHeHHOM cocioflHun no
nponsBOflCTBeHHbiM
*  BapnaHT 1. FloAAepwaHMe repMernHHOCTM KOMnpeccopa.
*  BapnaHT 2. DoAAepxoHMe repMeTUHHOCTM KOMnpeccopa M
   ncnonb3OBaHne rasa B KanecTBe Tonnnea.
*  BapnaHT 3. DoAAepxoHMe repMeTUHHOCTM KOMnpeccopa M
   ycraHOBKa HenoABM>KHoro ynnoTHeHnsq.

HannyHiumvi sapnaHTOM flna nio6bix Kowinpeccopos CHmaeTCfl
noflflepxaHne repwieTUHHOc™, Korfla 310 BOSMO>KHO. BapnaHTbi 2 M 3
o6ecneHMBaK)T flononHMTenbHyio aKOHOMMK) rasa npn cosiviecTHOM
              c BapnaHTOM 1. BapnaHT 2 Mowei npmvieHflTbCfl B cnynae,
     KOMnpeccop Haxoflmca B OTKruoneHHOM COCTOHHMM flna TexHunecKoro
o6cny>KMBaHMfl nnn B pesynbiaie asapnn; oisofl rasa us KOMnpeccopa K
TonnnsHoi/i cucieivie flo Hanana npoflysKM KOMnpeccopa nosBonaei
      M nOBblCMTb peHTa6eJ1bHOCTb.
3Tan 2: PaccHHTaiiTe KonnnecTBO M cronMOCTb yreneK MeraHa.
CywiMapHbie yieHKM wieiaHa us OTKruoneHHoro KOMnpeccopa npn
           npoflysKM npeflCTaanflioT co6oi/i cyMMy noiepb OT co6cTB6HHO
         M nepes KnanaHbi cucieMbi B Tenenne speMenn era
pasrepMeinsauMM. McxoflHbiMM flannbiMM arm pacneia cyMMapHbix noiepb
Ha KOMnpeccop B rofl

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* KonMHecTBO npoflysoK B rofl (B).
* BHyipeHHMi/i (V) repwieTMHHbii/i o6tewi Kowinpeccopa,
   wie>KAy nsonnpyiomMwiM KnanaHawin. O6tewi rasa, Bbi6pacbiBaeivioro npn
   npoflysKe, sasucm OT BHyipeHHero o6tewia Kowinpeccopa, o6mei/i
                  ipy6 wie>KAy nsonnpyiommviM KnanaHawin n flasneHMfl.
               aioro rasa MOKST 6biib BbNucneHO Ha ocHose saKOHa FeHpn
   (o6tewi o6paiHO nponopunoHaneH flasneHMK) nnn P-\V-\ - ^2^2!- (EPA
   flonycKaei norpeujHocib 15 Tbic. cpyi.3 (424,7 M3) Ha npoflysKy).
* l~lpoflon>KMTenbHOCTb nepnofla ociaHOBKH (T).
* MHieHCMBHOCTb yieHSK nepes KnanaHbi (U). YienKM nepes Knananbi
   MO>KHO nswiepnTb Ha Bbixofle MS KTianaHa nepeHOCHbiMM
                    npn6opaiviM. l/lHieHCMBHOCTb yieneK, K3K npasuno,
                  nocne nocneflHero TexHunecKoro o6cny>KMBaHMfl
   KnanaHos. flrm flaHHoro pacneia npuHmviaeicfl norpeujHocib 1 400 cpyi.3
   (39,6 M3) B nac.
CywiMapHbie yieHKM (TE) paccHMTbisaioTCfl Ha ocnose Bbipaxenna
TE = BV + TU. O6maa ciomviocTb (TV) yieneK (TE) c yneToivi uenbi (P) rasa
              K3K TV = TE x P.
         nacib aioi/i MHCpopiviauMM MOKST 6biib nonyneHa us pa6omero c wisKcuwisnbHoi/i HarpysKoi/i.
                     PMC. 2: flpuMepbi pacneja
  KojinnecTBO npOflyeoK B rofl
  O6teM OKaioro rasa, dpyr.3 (MS
  Bpeivia npocioa B rofl, nac.
  O6teM yreneK us Knanana,
  cjjyr.3 (M3)/nac
            15 000 (425)
                   500
              1 400 (40)
                                                  MaKCMMa/ibHaa
       40
15 000 (425)
     4000
  1 400 (40)
 FlpMMep 1: KoMnpeccop c o6biHHoii HarpysKoii
  CyMMapHbie yrenKH
= (3 x15 TUG. <$yT.3)+(500 nac. x 1,4 THC.
                          = 745 Tbic. <$yT.3/ro,q (21,1 THC. M3/rofl)
                          = 745 Tbic. yT.3/rcfl x $3,00/Tbic.
                          = $2 235 B rofl
 FlpMMep 2: KoMnpeccop c MaKCMManbHoii HarpysKoii
  CyMMapHbie yrenKH
= (40 x 15 Tbic. yT.3/rcfl (175,6 TNC. M3/rofl)
= 6 200 Tbic. yT.3/rcfl x $3,00/Tbic.
= $18 600 B rofl

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3ran 3: Bbmuc/iMTb sarparbi f\r\f\ Ka>Kfloro eapnaHTa. CiomviocTb
Ka>Kfloro sapnaHia paccHMTbiBaeicfl c yneraM KanmanbHbix saipai,
flonoriHMTenbHbix aKcnnyaiaunoHHbix saipai, saipai Ha TexHMHecKoe
o6cny>KMBaHMe n o6teM yieneK npn OTKruoneHnn Kowinpeccopa. MioroBbie
cywiMbi saipai arm Ka>Kfloro sapnaHia npusefleHbi
   BapnaHT 1. FloflflepwaHMe repMernHHOCTM KOMnpeccopa. 8101
   sapnaHT He mvieei KanmanbHbix saipai, saipai na aKcnnyaiaunK) n
   TexHunecKoe o6cny>KMBaHMe.  flocne o6ecneHeHMfl
   BO3MO>KHbi Hepes ynjioTHeHne iiJTOKa Kowinpeccopa n
   300 cpyT.3/Hac. (8,5 M3/Hac.) na KOMnpeccop, a TaioKe nepes
   Knanan - 150 cpyi.VHac. (4,2 M3/Hac.), HTO B cywiwie
   npn6nn3MTenbHO 450 cpyi.VHac. (12,7 M3/Hac.) npn nonHoi/i
   KOMnpeccopa.
   BapnaHT 2. FloflflepwaHMe repMernHHOCTM KOMnpeccopa n
   ncnonb3OBaHne rasa B Kanecree Tonnnea. 8101 sapnaHT
   npeflnonaraei MOHiax flononHmenbHoi/i cucieMbi ipy6 n KnanaHos
   HanpasneHMfl rasa us OTKruoneHHoro KOMnpeccopa B cucieMy
   TonnnBHoro rasa B KOMnpeccopHyio ciaHumo. Saipaibi Ha
   MOflepHMsaunK) o6opyflosaHMfl cocTasnflioT OT $900 flo $1 600 na
   KOMnpeCCOp. OCHOBHblMH BJIMfllOmMMM CpaKTOpaMM H3 CTOMMOCTb
                   flioTCfl ra6apmbi  KOMnpeccopa, KonnnecTBO
             KTianaHOB, pasMep n npoTflxeHHOCTb Tpy6onposofla,
                   aHannsaiopa. flocne BbipasHMsaHMfl flasneHMfl B
   KOMnpeccope n B TonnnsHoi/i  Marncipann yieHKM  nepes
   UJTOKOB KOMnpeccopa CHMxaioTCfl  npn6nn3MTenbHO flo 50
   (1,4 M3/Hac.), a nepes npoflysoHHbii/i KnanaH - npn6nn3MTenbHO flo
   75 cpyi.VHac. (2,1 M3/Hac.), HTO cocTasnfleT OKOJIO 125 cpyi.VHac.
   (3,5 M3/nac.).
* BapnaHT 3. FloflflepwaHMe repMernHHOCTM KOMnpeccopa n
   ycraHOBKa HenoABM>KHoro ynnoTHeHnsq Ha LIJTOKM KOMnpeccopa.
   3ioT sapnaHT TexHMHecKM cosMeciMM c nio6biM sapnaHTOM,  HO OH
   3KOHOMMHeCKM H6 3CpCpeKTMBeH  npM COBM6CTHOM  npMM6HeHMM C
   BapnanioM 2 (T. K. MHTencuBHOCTb yieneK SHanmenbHO nuxe flrm
   KOMnpeccopa, Koiopbii/i naxoflmcfl B cso6oflHOM pe>KMMe nofl HMSKMM
   flasneHneM TonnnsHoi/i cucieMbi). Saipaibi na 3101 Bapnani BKruonaioT
   CTOMMOCTb H6nOflBM>KHOrO ynJIOTHeHMfl, npn6nH3MTenbHO $500 H3 OflMH
   UJTOK, n CTOMMOCTb asTOMaTMHecKoro KOHTpojinepa, OKOJIO $1 000 na
   secb KOMnpeccop, HTO B cyMMe cocTasnaeT $ 3 000 flna
   HeTbipexiiJTOKOBoro KOMnpeccopa. flocne ycTpanenna yTeneK nepea
   ynnoTHenne iiJTOKa BOSMOXHW yTeHKM npn6nn3MTenbHO 150 cpyT.Vnac.
   (4,2 M3/Hac) rasa nepes npoflysonnbie Knananbi.
Ha puc. 3 npeflCTasneHbi saTpaTbi,  csasaHHbie c STMMM sapnaHTaMM. YTCHK
npn OTKruoneHHOM KOMnpeccope  paccHMTbisaioTCfl K3K cyMMa yTeneK nepea
ynnoTHennfl UJTOKOB KOMnpeccopa n npoflysonHbii/i Knanan c
npoflon>KMTenbHOCTM OTKruoneHMfl (puc. 2).

3Tan 4: OueHKa SKOHOMnnecKOM scpcpeKTHBHOCTM. flocne
o6teMOB M CTOMMOCTM yTBHBK MeT3Ha, 3 T3IOK6 33Tp3T no K3>KflOMy M3
B3PM3HTOB npOBOflflT 3KOHOMMHeCKm/i 3H3J1M3. FlpOCTblM CnOCO6OM O146HKM
3KOHOMMHeCKOI/i 3CpCpeKTMBHOCTM flBJIfleTCfl P3CH6T flHCKOHTMpOB3HHOrO
nocTynneHMfl npn6bmn, B pesynbTSTe Koraporo KsnuTsnbHbie saTpaTbi Ha
BHeflpenne Ka>Kfloro us sapnaHTOB conocTasnflioTCfl c
npn6binbK), nonynaeMoi/i B pesynbTaTe ycTpanennfl

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   PMC. 3: KannjanbHbie sajpajbi n HHTGHCMBHOCTb yjeneK
                       pas/iMHHbix BapnaHTOB
                   BapnaHi 1
                     BapnaHi2
                      BapnaHT 3
  KanmanbHbie
  saipaibi
Hei
                                   KOMnpeccopa v\       KOMnpeccopa v\
                                   McnojibsOBaHMe         yciaHOBKa
                                   rasa B KaneciBe       HenoimiwHoro
$1 250/KOMnpeccop
                                                       KOMnpeccopa
$3 000/KOMnpeccop
 YTGHKH npn OTKruoneHMM KOMnpeccopa
  narpysKa
225 (6,4) Tbic.
(ibic. M3)/rofl
$675
63(1,8)ibic.
(ibic. M3)/rofl
$189
75(2,1)ibic.
(ibic. M3)/rqq
$225
  HarpysKa
1 800(51)Tbic.c}3yT.3
(INC. M3)/rofl
$5400
500(14,1)Tbic.c}3yT.3
(ibic. M3)/rofl
$1 500
600(17) INC.
(INC. M3)/roo
$1 800
           : npn o6bHHOi/i HarpysKe npeflnonaraeica, HTO KOMnpeccop Haxoflmca B
  OTKnioneHHOM cocToaHMM 500 HacoB B rofl; npn MaKCMMajibHOi/i HarpysKe - 4 000 nacoB B
  rofl. CionMOCTb rasa = $3/Tbic. $>yj.3 ($106/Tbic. M3).
flrm BapnaHia 1 aKOHOMna npeflCTasnaeT co6oi/i pasHnuy o6teMOB
wieiaHa, npeflCTasnem-ibix Ha puc. 2, n yieneK, perncipupyeivibix npn
OTKruoneHHOM Kowinpeccope npn era nonHoi/i repMeinsaunn (puc. 3).
3KOHOMMfl flnfl BapnaHTOB 2 M 3 paccHMTbiBaeicfl npn flanbHei/iiijeM
          pesyjibinpyiomMX yieneK rasa no BapnaHiy 1 sa cnei
              CMCTeMbl.
Ha PMC. 4 npusefleHa oueHKa aKOHOMUM no BapnaHiy 1 M ee poci B
pesynbiaie flononHmenbHoro npmvieHeHMfl BapnaHTOB 2 M 3. BapnaHT 1
Sbicipo OKynaeica 6es flononHmenbHbix MHsecTnum/i. Ana BapnaHia 3 npn
Sasosoi/i HarpysKe He o6ecne
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  PMC. 4: CpaBHGHkie 3KOHOMMHeCKOM acJjCjjeKTMBHOCTM BapkiaHTOB
                      BapnaHi 1
                    Bapi/iaHT 2
                                    noflcoefli/mem/ie K
                                     ra3OTonni/iBHOM
                   narpysKa
         MaKCi/i-
         ManbHaa
         narpysKa
         narpysKa
         MaKCi/i-
         ManbHaa
         narpysKa
                             Bapi/iam 3
                           noflflepwaHMe
                          repMeTMHHOCTM M
                             ycTanoBKa
                           HenoflBM>KHoro
                            ynnoTHeHMsq
          MaKCi/i-
         ManbHaa
         narpysKa
         narpysKa
 PesyjibinpyiOLuaa
 3KOHOMM3 ra33, TbIC.
    .3 (ibic. M3)/rofl
520(15)
4400
(125)
+207
(+6)
+1 345
(+38)
+150 (+4)
+1 200
(+34)
 SKOHOMMH fl8He>KHbix
       , $/rofl1
$1 560
$13200
$621
$4035
$450
$3600
 KanmanoanoKeHna
 B oSopyqoBam/ie
                 $1 250
                 $1 250
                 $3000
                 $3000
 OKynaeMOCTb2
         Heiviefl-
        3 rofla
                 Hei
                                            u,a
                                                              148B
           Hopivia
 peHiaSenbHOCTM3
                   >100%
         >100%
        41%
         323%
        Oipi/ma-
         118%
  1 - npuHaiaa cionMOCTb rasa $3/Tbic. <+jyi.3 ($106/Tbic. M3).
  2 - PaSoia B TeneHne 5 nei n ciasKa flucKOHinpOBaHna 10%.
  3 - PaSoia B TeneHne 5 nei (HS BKnionaa roflOBbie saipaibi Ha SKcnjiyaiaLtmo n
               no ycraHOBKe

Hn>Ke npusefleHbi peKOMeHflaunn, Koiopbie ncnonbsyioT napiHepbi Natural
Gas STAR, flna OUSHKH sapnaHTOB n CHMxeHna yieneK npn
Kowinpeccope:

* KaK npasuno, Ka>Kflbie 12-18 Mecaues KowinaHnn
   MewpeMOHTHoe TexHMHecKoe o6cny>KMBaHMe yciaHOBKM,  pewioHT
   sanopHbix KnanaHos n nepeo6opyflosaHMe, Hanpniviep, noflcoeflUHeHne K
   raso-ionnnBHOi/i cucieivie. MaKcuivianbHbie yieHKM nepes  KnanaHbi
   yciaHOBKM, npoflysoHMbie KnanaHbi n ynnoiHeHUfl UJTOKOB Kowinpeccopa
   Ha6nK)flaK)TCfl B KOHue pa6o
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                                            PaccMOTpeHkie KOHKpeTHoro
                              ripi/i BOSpaciaioineM MHiepece K SKOHOMMM n cm/i>KeHmo yieneK rasa KOMnam/ia A
                              nccjieflOBana HecKonbKO cnocoSoe cm/wem/ia yieneK nepes ynnoTHem/ia uiiOKa
                              KOMnpeccopa. Bo epeivia oiK/uonem/ia KOMnpeccopa OT cucieMbi KOMnam/ia
                                          KOMnpeccop K raso-TonnnBHOi/i cucTeivie. flpn Sonee HMSKOM
                                      B uminHflpe KOMnpeccopa yienKM nepes Kopnyc ynnoiHeHna lUTOKa n
                              npOflyeoHHbie KnanaHbi Sunn SHaHMienbHO yivieHbiueHbi. flna 3 022 L(miMHflpOB
                              KOMnpeccopoe (oSmee KOJinnecTBO KOMnpeccopHbix yciaHOBOK 577), paSoiatoinnx
                              40 npoi48HTOB BpeMSHM, o6maa SKOHOMMS rasa cociaBnaeT 1,58 Mnpfl. $>yj.3 B rofl
                              (44,7 MJIH. M3 B rofl).
Onbii
flapiHepbi Moryi qqenaib Bbisofl, HTO cymeciseHHoe CHMxeHne saipai n
o6teMOB yieneK flocTuraeicfl B pesynbiaie oiKasa OT McnojibsosaHMfl
o6bNHOi/i npaKTMKM npoflysKM KOMnpeccopa Tawi, rfle 310 flonycimvio, a
TaioKe nyieivi ycipaHeHMfl nnn nepeHanpasneHMfl yieneK. 3KOHOMMfl
flocTuraeicfl sa cnei coxpaHeHna npoflyKia nnn saivieHbi Tonnnsa rasoM.
OcHOBHbie MowieHTbi npno6peTeHHoro onbiia napiHepos nporpawiMbi Natural
Gas STAR
                            *  McKTHOHeHne pasrepMeinsauuM, Korfla 310 BOSMO>KHO. Han6onbLuyK)
                               HenocpeflCTBeHHyio SKOHOMMK) MO>KHO nonyHMTb 6es
                               saipai, noflflep>KMBafl repMeinsaunK) KowinpeccopoB, Koiopbie
                               B OIKTHOHeHHOM COCTOflHMM.

                            *  MHCpopMnposaHne o6cny>KMBaK)mero nepcoHana o HeflociaiKax
                               npnivieHeHMfl npoflysoK.
                            *  CocTasneHne rpacpMKa ociaHOBKM Kowinpeccopos
                               pexmvioB pa6oibi npn o6bNHOi/i n MaKcmvianbHoi/i HarpysKax.
                               Mcnonbsyi/iTe aiy HHCpopMaumo flna nposefleHna
                               aHannsa BapnaHTOB 2 n 3.

                            *  Paspa6oTKa rpacpMKa MOflepHnsaunn Kowinpeccopos no noflKruoHeHHK) K
                               raso-ionnnBHOi/i cucieivie, yciaHOBKe HenoflsuxHoro canbHMKa Ha UJTOK
                               KOMnpeccopa, Korfla 310 aKOHOMnnecKM onpasflaHO.
                            *  Perncipaunfl coKpameHMi/i no Ka>KflOMy KOMnpeccopy.
                            *  CoKpameHne yieneK Meiana flon>KHO 6biib BKruoneHO B paaflen roflosoro
                                      no nporpaMMe Natural Gas STAR.

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                                     Borders, Robert S.C. Lee Cook, personal contact.
          JlMTepaiypa
                                     Campbell, Alastair J. Bently Nevada Corporation, Houston, Texas. Optical
                                     Alignment of Reciprocating Compressors.
                                     "Compressor Shutdown Leakage." Pipeline & Gas Journal, December 1985.
                                     France Compressor Products. Mechanical Packing - Design and Theory of
                                     Operation, Bulletin 691.
                                     Maholic, James. France Compressor Products, personal contact.
                                     Minotti, Marcello. ENRON, personal contact.
10

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&EPA
    United States
    Environmental Protection Agency
    Air and Radiation (6202J)
    1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
    Washington, DC 20460

    EPA430-B-04-001
    Oeepanb 2004 r.

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