Alaska
            Idaho
                        Oregon
Washington
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Bulletin - EPA 910/9-92-043
                                         November 2003
EPA Announces the Second Round  of
Watershed  Initiative Grants
To further preserve and restore the country's waterways, EPA is calling on the nation's governors
and tribal leaders to apply for the second round of EPA watershed grants.  This Watershed
Initiative was first proposed to protect waterways across the country.  In May 2003, EPA
announced the first round of nearly $15 million in grants to 20 watershed organizations
selected as part of this new Watershed Initiative. This year, EPA has requested a $21 million
appropriation for grants to support community-based restoration. Applications are due to EPA
by January 15, 2004.
Last year, EPA selected 20
watershed organizations to
receive grants averaging
$700,000 each. In Region 10,
the Lower Columbia National
Estuary Program and the
Clark Fork-Pend Orielle Water-
shed were selected.  These
organizations were chosen
because their work plans were
most likely to achieve environ-
mental results in a short time.

Also, the University of Alaska
won a smaller grant as part
of its watershed leadership
program to provide training to
watershed groups in Alaska.

For 2004, the Agency is con-
tinuing its focus on approaches
aimed to provide quick, measur-
able environmental results.
EPA is also looking for grant
         (continued on page 2)
In This Issue...
 *3K)ILIGHI

ECO   SUM
                          EPA News to update you on agency
                          activities
                          Tools to clue you in on resources,
                          publications, opportunities, and
                          services
                          WaterWords to share stories from
                          communities around the Greater
                          Northwest
                          Spotlight to showcase success
                          stories and environmental stars
                          Ecosystem to provide news that
                          goes beyond water topics

-------
SEFEQEWS
(continued from page 1)

applications involving partner-
ships, innovation, and program
integration. In addition, more
emphasis will be placed on
market-based approaches
and other socio-economic
strategies, along with ways to
address the hypoxia problem
facing the Gulf of Mexico.

Nominations by the country's
governors and tribal leaders
for the second year of grants
competition are due to EPA on
or before January 15, 2004.
The Agency will then evaluate
and rank each submission.
Final selections of the watershed
grantees will be announced
next spring. To access infor-
mation about the Watershed
Initiative go to: http://www.epa.
gov/owow/watershed/
initiative/.  Contact Region 10's
Bevin Reid, Reid.Bevin@epa.gov
or 206/553-1566.
EPA to Fund
Innovative Environmental Solutions

Regional Geographic Initiative (RGI) grants are now open for
competition in EPA Region 10. The grants support broad-based,
cooperative efforts to address environmental problems at the
local level.  RGI funding encourages integrated solutions, as well
as coordination and cooperation between partners. Problems
addressed by RGI often showcase innovative solutions.

RGI grants are available in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington.
States, Indian tribes, universities, public or private nonprofit
institutions such as watershed councils, and, sometimes, businesses
are eligible. Typically, the grants range from $5,000 to $50,000.

Proposals must be postmarked by Thursday, December 18,2003.

This year, proposals are more likely to be chosen if they support
improved, cost-effective monitoring and assessment tools, or if
they include effective collaboration with key agencies to maxi-
mize use of monitoring resources.

Detailed information about RGI grants and an on-line application
can be found on the  EPA Region 10 web page at http://
yosemite.epa.gov/r10/ecocomm.nsf/Programs/RGI+Solicitation,
or you can contact Dan Phalen, 206-553-8578, r10.rgi@epa.gov.
 EPA Proposes New Water Quality Standards for Oregon

 EPA Region 10 has proposed certain new standards for Oregon. These standards include:
 •  use designations for critical life stages of certain salmon and trout in Oregon waters;
 •  temperature water quality criteria for the protection of salmonids in Oregon waters, except for the
   Columbia River;
 •  an intergravel dissolved oxygen water quality criterion to protect salmonid spawning;
 •  methods to implement Oregon's existing antidegradation policy;
 •  a provision addressing the addition of heat from anthropogenic sources to impaired waters; and
 •  a process for federal agencies responsible for federally owned or operated dams to request that EPA
   modify its federally-promulgated water quality standards for Oregon.

 EPA held public meetings in late October in Portland, Eugene and Bend.  About 100 people attended
 the meetings and commented on the proposal. EPA will respond to comments and develop the final
 standards by March 2004.

 For more information about this proposal, please contact Mary Lou Soscia, U.S. EPA Region 10,
 811  S.W. Sixth Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97204; phone:  503-326-5873; e-mail: soscia.marylou@epa.gov.
WaterTalk November 2003
           Page 2

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&EPIQEWS



 2004 National

 EPA Community

 Involvement

 Conference...
 will be June 15-18, 2004, in
 Denver, Colorado. The Con-
 ference's Planning Committee is
 soliciting presentation proposals.
 Proposals should explain
 experiences in meeting commu-
 nity needs through public partici-
 pation, outreach and education.
 Share your knowledge and
 expertise by presenting a success-
 ful approach, telling  a story, or
 describing an innovative solu-
 tion. If you are interested, please
 check out the " Call for Presenters"
 page on the conference website:
 http://www.epancic.org/2004.


 EPA Surveys State

 Nutrient Standards

 EPA has announced  the  results
 of its survey of nutrient standards
 adopted by states, tribes and
 territories.  Every state has
 narrative standards that protect
 the waters from conditions that
 might indicate nutrient problems.
 Some states have  nutrient stan-
 dards that specifically recognize
 eutrophication (a frequent result
 of nutrient overenrichment) as a
 problem. Numeric criteria for
 turbidity is the most  common
 nutrient parameter.  The next
 most common is total phospho-
 rus in lakes and rivers. You can
 download the complete  docu-
 ment from the Internet at http://
 epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/
 nutrient/statesummarv.htm.
Web Tool:

Window to My

Environment

Looking for environmental
information about your
community?  Check out
EPA's online tool called
Window to My Environment.
This interactive tool helps
you get answers to questions
about your community's
water, land and air. It also
tells you what is being done
locally to protect the environ-
ment. Developed as an EPA-
state  partnership, this tool
offers one-stop Web search
capabilities. It includes
interactive maps with links
to federal, state and local
data. Access the tool at
www.epa.gov/enviro/wme/.
Stream

Restoration

Guidebook

The North Carolina State
University Stream Restoration
Guidebook is now available
at http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/
programs/extension/wqg/
sri/stream_rest_guidebook/
sr_guidebook.pdf.

It is intended as a reference
for professionals who plan,
design, review and imple-
ment stream restoration
projects.
Watershed Academy

CD/Web Training

Available

The Watershed Academy's
online training program,
Watershed Academy Web, is
now available on a free CD
as well as on the Internet at
www.epa.gov/watertrain/.

The CD format allows users to
save their limited web access
time as well as move through
the training modules more
quickly than they could via slow
web connections.

This training CD contains
44 modules on the primary
elements of watershed
management, and includes
all the materials needed for
the training certificate earned
by over 500 graduates in
47 states and 14 countries.

Single copies are available by
requesting " Watershed Academy
Web on CD" publication number
EPA841-C-03-001 from
ncepimal@one.net or by
phone at 1-800-490-9198.

Ordering information is also
available on the Watershed
Academy Web home page.
For more information
contact Doug Norton at
202/566-1221.
                                       Page 3
                                   WaterTalk November 2003

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Storm Water News

A new fact sheet discussing
When Are Storm Water Dis-
charges Regulated as Class V
Wells? is now available.  The
fact sheet clarifies when shallow
wells, dry wells, and other storm
water best management prac-
tices  may be regulated by EPA's
Underground Injection Control
(UIC) program.  The fact sheet
seeks to raise the awareness of
storm water managers about
protecting vulnerable under-
ground sources of  drinking
water as they design and ap-
prove best management prac-
tices  to control storm water
runoff to creeks, rivers and lakes.

To view this fact sheet from
EPA's Underground Injection
Control program, visit www.epa.
gov/safewater/uic/classv.html.
For additional information  on
discharges of storm water to sur-
face water, visit www.epa.gov/
npdes/stormwater  or contact
the EPA Region 10  Storm Water
Program at 206/553-6650 or
1-800-424-4372 (ext. 6650).
  Looking for
  Grants Info?

  A handy website that
  provides information
  about all the different
  grant programs adminis-
  tered by EPA can be
  found at http://
  www.epa.gov/epahome/
  qrants.htm.
Help for Septic Owners

Several resources for septic tank owners are available from the
National Small Flows Clearinghouse.
Pumping Your Septic Tank
(Item #WWBRPE71) explains
why it is necessary to regularly
pump your septic tank. The
brochure lists the information
that should appear on a
pumper's receipt, and includes
a brief description about
watertight septic tanks.
Homeowners, public health
officials and  local officials will
find this information useful.
The brochure costs 40 cents.

Everything You Always Wanted
To Know About Septic Systems,
But Didn't Know Who To Ask!
Homeowner Version 1.0 (Item
#WWCDPE76) is an interactive
CD ROM that educates home-
owners about conventional
systems.  The CD is divided into
sections such as public health
issues, effluent characteristics,
failures and repairs, where to
find more information, and
more. The septic tank and
drainfield are detailed through
a video/slide show. This
CD ROM may interest public
health officials, regulators,
contractors and developers,
as well as the general public.
The cost of this CD is $6.50.
Landscaping Your Septic Tanks
(Item #WWBRPE72) describes
ways to plan a landscape
design for optimum septic
tank operation.  Information is
provided  about topics such as
knowing your septic compo-
nents  for  easy access and
choosing  the right plants.
This brochure costs 40 cents.


Septic Systems for Wastewater
Disposal (Item #WWBLPE75)
provides basic septic system
information for homeowners.
The booklet discusses several
topics, including the purpose
of wastewater disposal systems;
how septic tanks and aeration
systems work and when to use
them;  the purpose of a soil
absorption system, how it
works, and siting requirements;
how to prevent system failure;
and where to go for additional
information.

This booklet will be useful
to public  health  officials,
contractors/developers, and
the  general public. The cost
is 65 cents.
To learn more, visit the NSFC Web Site at www.nesc.wvu.edu/
nsfc/nsfc_new_products.htm. To place your order, call (800) 624-
8301 or e-mail nsfc_ orders@mail.nesc.wvu.edu.

The Clearinghouse is a nonprofit organization funded by EPA to
provide free and low-cost information about small community
wastewater treatment.
 WaterTalk November 2003
           Page 4

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Toll-Free Answers

to Pesticide

Questions

Have questions about the safe
use of insect repellents on
your children? Pregnant and
wondering about using a
pesticide in your home? The
National Pesticide Informa-
tion Center offers a toll-free
line for you to get answers
to your pesticide questions.
Real people are available
to take your call seven days
a week. The center is a
cooperative effort between
Oregon State University and
EPA. Call  1-800-858-7378.
Or visit the web site at
www.npic.orst.edu.
  Want More

  Water News?

  Check out Nonpoint
  Source News-Notes.
  "News-Notes" is a periodic
  report on the condition
  of the water-related
  environment, the control
  of nonpoint sources of
  water pollution, and the
  ecological management
  and restoration of water-
  sheds. This national EPA
  publication is available
  on line at http://
  www.epa.gov/owow/
  info/NewsNotes.
Citizen Groups
Around the World
Monitor Local Waters
                                     THE YEAR OF

                                     CLEAN WATER
This fall, America's Clean Water Foundation and the International
Water Association invited citizens and organizations around the
globe to monitor their local lakes, rivers and streams.  World
Water Monitoring Day encouraged  people to register their
monitoring sites on the web and enter their data into an
international database.

The tests focused on the four basic  parameters of temperature,
dissolved oxygen, acidity (pH) and turbidity. The goal was
to introduce citizens to water monitoring and help them under-
stand its importance in protecting world water resources.
Monitoring results should be  entered by December 5 at:
www.worldwatermonitoringday.org.
EPA Employees Celebrate

World Water Monitoring Day

In late September, EPA staff participated in the "Kids and Bugs"
workshop held in Oregon's Rogue River Basin - a fun and educa-
tional "family field day" where kids studied aquatic insects in a
local stream.  EPA was one of several partners,  including the
Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality, the Oregon Watershed
Enhancement Board, and the Izaak Walton League of America.

Local school children, EPA's Regional Administrator, John lani,
and EPA executives took water monitoring samples at Kelsey Creek
in Bellevue, Washington.

At Piper's Creek in Carkeek Park, Seattle, EPA staff demonstrated
water quality testing for about 30 Cub Scouts and Girl Scout
Brownies. Since reintroduced salmon return each year to Piper's
Creek, EPA staff explained the conditions which salmon like best.
The students' favorite part of the day was looking in the stream
for certain bugs that are a sign the creek is healthy.
                                       PageS
                                     WaterTalk November 2003

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EPA Grants Help Communities Restore Streams
When you were 8 years old,
did you go down to the
swamp behind your house at
night and catch frogs and
salamanders? Did you pick
wildflowers at the edge of the
marsh near your school?
Would you like your children
and their children to have
opportunities like these to
enjoy and learn from nature?
That is the purpose of the Five
Star Restoration Program.

This year, nearly $600,000 was
awarded to 56 community
projects throughout the country.
The winning projects were
selected from a competitive
pool of nearly 200 applications.
Of the five grants awarded in
Region 10 this year, one grant
will be used by Wallowa
Resources to improve a section
of Swamp Creek in Oregon and
educate local youth.

Another grant was awarded to
Friends of the Teton River
Project in Idaho. This grant will
increase the amount of quality
habitat available for the
Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout, a
species proposed for the Federal
endangered/threatened species
list. Work includes planting
native grasses and willows,
installing a fence to stabilize the
stream banks, and enhancing
Yellowstone cutthroat trout
habitat.

The Five Star Restoration
Program was created by the
National Association of Coun-
ties, the National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation, the Wild-
life Habitat Council, the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency
and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

The program brings together
citizen groups, corporations,
students, landowners, youth
groups, and local, state and
federal governments to restore
stream banks and wetlands
across the country.

It provides grants, technical
support and information to help
communities work together on
restoration projects. Through
education, outreach, training
and good old-fashioned hard
work, communities learn to
build diverse partnerships and
foster homegrown natural
resource stewardship.

"EPA is a proud supporter of
the Five Star Restoration
program, which provides
excellent opportunities  for
environmental  education and
habitat restoration in commu-
nities around the nation," said
G. Tracy Mehan III, Assistant
Administrator of EPA, at this
year's awards announcement.
"Five Star partners demon-
strate a strong commitment to
the protection of our natural
resources, and they can take
pride in their projects that
improve the health of wetland
and river environments."
The Five Star Program is
funded primarily by EPA's
Office of Wetlands, Oceans
and Watersheds and the
National Marine Fisheries
Service's Community-Based
Restoration Program.  For
more information on the
Five Star Program, see EPA's
River Corridor and Wetlands
Restoration website at
www. e pa. g ov/o wo w/
wetlands/restore/Sstar or call
the EPA Wetlands Information
Helpline at 1-800-566-1382.
 Get WaterTalk
 Electronically!

 Sign up to receive WaterTalk
 by e-mail. The website links
 and e-mail addresses are live,
 giving you instant access.

 To get on the e-mail list,
 send an e-mail message to
 Lindsay.Andrea@epa.gov
 or use the form on page 9.
 Please indicate whether or
 not you would like to be
 removed from our paper
 copy mailing list.
WaterTalk November 2003
           Page 6

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EPA Recognises Federal Agencies for
"Green Government"

EPA Region 10 recently announced the results of the first annual
"Champions for Environmental Leadership and 'Green' Government
Innovation" recognition for Federal Facilities.  Samples of this
year's winners:
Federal Aviation Administra-
tion, Renton, WA for their first
LEED Building and the Green
Power Purchasing Program.
The Sea-Tac Terminal Radar
Approach Control  will receive
LEED Certification  Gold Level.

This building will increase
energy and water  efficiency,
reduce or eliminate toxic
or hazardous substances
in the building mate-
rials used, prevent
waste production
through recycling,
specify environ-
mentally preferred
materials, improve
indoor air quality
through material
selection and construction
processes.

The Green Power Purchasing
program resulted in a storm
water management plan
designed to remove 80% of
the average annual post
development total suspended
solids, and 40% of the post
development phosphorus,
acheiving overall potable
water savings of at least 30%.
Department of Energy,
Richland, WA Operations
Office for their Project for
Water Distribution, the
Hanford Mortar-Lining.

The mortar-lining technique is
an environmentally friendly,
cost-effective, trenchless
pipeline rehabilitation process
to extend the service life
   of existing waterlines
     through application of a
      thin coat of cement-like
       mortar inside the pipe-
       line. As a result of the
        project, flow rates
        tripled from 460
       gallons per minute to
     1,403 gallons per minute.

Plans are being made to
continue restoring degraded
waterlines at Hanford with the
mortar-lining technology to
ensure water service essential
to the success fulfillment of the
Hanford Site environmental
cleanup mission.

For a complete list of winners
and information about next
year's competition, e-mail
Wriqht.Michele@epa.gov.
                                                          ECO
Reduce Energy
Consumption,
Protect the
Environment,
Save Money

This summer's power outage
in our northeastern and
midwestern states reminds us
how dependent we are on
energy to power our homes,
businesses, industries and
communities. You can do
many things in your home
that will reduce energy use,
protect the environment and
save you money:

•  Turn off appliances and lights
  when you leave the room.

•  Heat and cool smartly.
  Have your system checked
  annually and install an
  ENERGY STAR qualified
  programmable thermostat
  so that you are not paying
  to heat or cool your house
  when you are not at home.

•  Use compact fluorescent
  lighting and other energy-
  efficient appliances. If
  every household in the U.S.
  replaced one light bulb with
  an ENERGY STAR qualified
  compact fluorescent light
  bulb, it would prevent
  enough pollution to equal
  removing one million  cars
  from the road.

•  Put your home to the test.
  Find out where your home
                                                                    (continued on page 8)
                                        Page?
                                     WaterTalk November 2003

-------
ECO
(continued from page 7)
  has room for improvement with
  ENERGY STAR'S Home Energy
  Yardstick (see website below).

•  Reduce your energy consump-
  tion by up to 30 percent by
  purchasing home products that
  display the ENERGY STAR label.
  Improving energy efficiency
  saves you money and helps
  protect the environment without
  sacrificing comfort.

ENERGY STAR is a government-
backed program helping businesses
and individuals protect the environ-
ment through superior energy
efficiency. To learn more about ways
to save, visit www.energystar.gov.

To learn how EPA is helping the
environment by encouraging use
of clean energy sources, visit the
following web pages:

•  Renewable Energy Technologies -
  Find out about how EPA facilities
  are  using renewable energy tech-
  nologies at a variety of facilities at
  www.epa.gov/oaintrnt/projects/
  renewtech.htm.

•  Green Power Partnership is
  electricity that is generated from
  resources such as solar, wind,
  geothermal, biomass, and low-
  impact hydro facilities.  Find out
  about its benefits and how to
  participate in the Green Power
  Partnership at www.epa.gov/
  greenpower/index.htm.

•  Clean Energy and You - Find out
  about sources of energy in the
  U.S. and environmental impacts
  of various energy generation
  technologies at www.epa.gov/
  cleanenerav/enerqynvou.htm.
Washington State University
selected for National
Environmental Performance Track

Twenty-five facilities have recently been selected as new
members of EPA's National Environmental Performance
Track program, including Washington State University.
The program recognizes top environmental performers that
voluntarily go beyond compliance with environmental
regulations and publicly commit to specific environmental
improvements over the next three years.

Washington State University is the first university selected
for the program.

Members in the Performance Track Program receive a range
of incentives such as public recognition and a lower priority
for inspection. Facilities are also eligible for several kinds of
administrative flexibility and streamlined administrative
requirements that reduce costs and enable members to
achieve better environmental results.

In addition, members benefit from special services, including
a learning network comprised of top environmental per-
formers that has a mentoring program, tele-seminars, EPA
roundtable discussions, and newsletters.
                              Region 10 of the U.S. En-
                              vironmental Protection
                              Agency (EPA) covers the
                              states of Alaska, Idaho,
                              Oregon, and Washington.
WaterTalk November 2003
       Page,

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                            MAILING LIST UPDATE
                                (check all that app/y):
NOTE:   There is no need to contact us if the address on your mailing label is correct and
        you do not wish to make changes.
PAPER SUBSCRIPTION TO  WATERTALK:
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My old address or e-mail address is:
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                                      Page 9                       WaterTalk November 2003

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                       anuaAV LIIXJS OOZI
         L80-033'AVSQNH V3yQNV :N11V
              ADN3DVNOIID3IONJ
               7VIN3PVNOHIAN3 5* 72
   9J9H
                             MAI LING LIST UPDATE
                     If you have address changes or comments,
                  please complete the form on the reverse side, and
                               fold and mail to EPA
                                       or
                              fax to 206-553-2955
                                       or
                  e-mail the information to lindsay.andrea@epa.gov
WaterTalk November 2003
Page 10

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ECO
Beneficial Landscaping:

Gardening Don'ts

Protect Environment

Believe it or not, there are gardening activities
you can quit doing this fall that will benefit
water and air quality and bring more wildlife to
your yard, while allowing you more time for
quiet enjoyment of the natural world. Elaine
Somers, EPA's Regional Beneficial Landscaping
Coordinator, suggests following Flora Skelly's
"Don't Do" list for gardens (Fall 1997 Northwest
Garden News):

Don't use pesticides. Allow the natural balance
of beneficial insects and birds to re-establish
itself.

Don't rake leaves.  Birds feed on the insects
that live under leaves, and the leaf compost
nourishes the soil for next year's growth.

Don't chop down dead or dying trees, unless
they pose a hazard. These "snags" provide
insect food and nesting sites for birds.

Don't mow all your lawn.  If allowed to grow
tall and interspersed with weeds, your lawn can
be a haven  for butterfly caterpillars, small
mammals and birds.

Don't remove old flower heads. The seeds
provide food for over-wintering birds.

Don't seek a perfect and utterly tidy garden.
A half-wild place is preferred by wildlife because
it offers more food and shelter.

More information?  Contact Elaine Somers at
206/553-2966 or 1-800-424-4EPA X2966,
somers.elaine@epa.gov,  or visit the Region 10
Beneficial Landscaping website at
www.epa.gov/r10earth/bl.htm.
November

Source Water Protection Month, Year of Clean
Water, www.epa.gov/water/yearofcleanwater.

17-20: Joint Ventures: Partners in
Stewardship Conference, Los Angeles, CA.
USDA Forest Service, 510/559-6342,
www.partnerships2003.org/main.html.

18:  Funding  Watershed Restoration in the
Pacific Northwest, via satellite. Pacific North-
west Regional Water Quality Program, 360/
786-5445 x7911, http://wawater.wsu.edu/.

December

18:  Regional Geographic Initiative grant appli-
cations are due. Dan Phalen, 206/553-8578,
http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/ecocomm.nsf/
Programs/RGI+Solicitation.

January

14:  Watershed Funding Workshop, Rogue
Basin, Oregon.  Location TBA.  Amy Williams,
Environmental Finance Center, 208/426-4990,
http://sspa.boisestate.edu/efc/.

15:  Watershed Funding Workshop, Umpqua
Basin, Oregon.  Location TBA.  Amy Williams,
Environmental Finance Center, 208/426-4990,
http://sspa.boisestate.edu/efc/.

Watershed Initiative nominations from gover-
nors and tribal leaders are due. Bevin Reid,
e-mail: Reid.Bevin@epa.gov, http://www.epa.gov/
owow/watershed/initiative/.

March

1:  Application deadline for Landscapes for
Learning Awards for youth gardens. Fine
Gardening and the National Gardening Association,
http://www.kidsqardeninq.com/qrants/fq.asp.
                                         Page 11
                       WaterTalk November 2003

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Alaska
Idaho
                                                          Oregon
            Washington
WaterTalk is published each February, May, August and November
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. WaterTalk
seeks to be a useful tool for those who protect water resources and
ecosystems in communities of the Greater Pacific Northwest, by
providing practical resources and relevant agency news.

You are invited to contribute items for publication. Submittal deadline
is the 15th day of the month before publication.  WaterTalk articles
can be used in other publications. Please give credit to WaterTalk.

For mailing changes, or to contact the editor, call Andrea Lindsay
at 206/553-1896 or 1-800-424-4EPAx1896, or email
lindsay.andrea@epa.gov.

Accessibility information:  To request services to accommodate per-
sons with disabilities, contact EPA at 206/553-1200 or 1-800-424-4EPA.

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      EPA News

Watershed Initiative
        Grants

     Septic Tank
     Resources

     Handy Tools

   Environmental
        Events

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