FY20II EPA Budget in Brief United States Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov ------- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of the Chief Financial Officer (271OA) Publication Number: EPA-205-S-10-001 February 2010 www.epa.gov Recycled/RecyclablePrinted on 100% postconsumer recycled paper. ------- Budget in Brief Table of Contents PAGE Overview 1 Summary Resource Charts EPA's FY 2011 Budget by Goal 5 EPA's FY2011 by Appropriation 6 EPA's Resource History 7 EPA's Resources by Major Category 8 Highlights of Major Budget Changes 9 Goals Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change 17 Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 25 Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 31 Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 39 Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship 51 Appendices Summary Resource Tables EPA's Resources by Appropriation 61 EPA's Resources by Program Area 63 Highlighted Programs Categorical Grants 69 STAG (State and Tribal Assistance Grants) 71 Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2009 - FY 2011 including ARRA).... 79 Infrastructure Financing 83 Trust Funds (Superfund, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) 89 List of Acronyms 93 ------- ------- Overview Mission The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect human health and the environment. Budget in Brief Overview The Fiscal Year (FY) 2011 Budget request supports the Administration's commitment to ensure that all Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and the environment where they live, learn, and work. This mission is being achieved through collaboration with states and tribes to implement air, water, waste, and chemical programs. This budget request builds on the Agency's work to impact climate change through actions under the Clean Air Act. It supports a greater focus on community-level engagement, to augment and reinforce the critical work of our state and tribal partners. It moves forward with the Agency's ambitious vision for protecting and restoring America's waters. It will help assure the safety of chemicals, and it reflects an increase to ensure federal laws are enforced fairly and effectively. EPA will carry out its mission based on the core values of science, transparency, and the rule of law to address the complex, inter-related, and multi-disciplinary challenges to environmental protection today. The EPA FY 2011 budget requests $10.020 billion in discretionary budget authority. This request will support EPA's efforts to focus on developing common-sense steps toward clean air, addressing the climate challenge, protecting our nation's waters, cleaning up communities and ecosystems, and strengthening EPA's scientific and enforcement capabilities. This budget also includes actions to improve EPA's internal operations to deliver environmental results for the American people. Below are funding highlights: Supports Healthy Communities The Environmental Protection Agency is committed to protect, sustain or restore the health of communities and ecosystems by bringing together a variety of programs, tools, approaches and resources. Results stem from effective regulatory frameworks, but also from partnerships with stakeholders. Partnerships with international, Federal, state, tribal, local governments and non-governmental organizations have long been a common thread across EPA's programs. The FY 2011 budget includes a $27 million multidisciplinary initiative for Healthy Communities. It supports states and communities in promoting healthier school environments by increasing technical support, outreach, and co-leading interagency efforts to coordinate and integrate existing school programs throughout the Federal government. It also provides resources to address air toxics within at-risk communities, ------- Overview and to enhance the important joint DOT/HUD/EPA outreach and related efforts with communities on sustainable development. Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the heart of EPA's community-centered work. This budget supports EPA efforts to accelerate brownfields cleanups through effective outreach and job creation in disadvantaged communities. The budget includes an increase of $42 million to invest in revitalizing once productive community properties by removing blight, satisfying a growing demand for land, limiting urban sprawl, fostering habitat enhancements, and spurring economic development. In addition, EPA will integrate and leverage its assessment and cleanup authorities to address a greater number of contaminated sites, accelerate cleanups, and put those sites back into productive use while protecting human health and the environment. An element of this strategy will be to identify and define and implement new program measures to better portray progress and improve transparency. By deploying all cleanup tools available, including strengthened enforcement and compliance efforts, this request supports EPA's commitment to helping communities address cleaning up our communities. Builds Strong State and Tribal Partnerships This budget includes $1.3 billion for State and Tribal categorical grants. Our partners are working diligently to implement new and expanded requirements under the Clean Air Act (CAA) and Clean Water Act (CWA), and need additional support during a time of constrained state budgets. Increases for air grants include $25 million for development and deployment of technical capacity needed to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in permitting under the CAA and $60 million to support increased state workload for implementation of updated National Ambient Air Quality Standards. An additional $45 million is requested for states to enhance their clean water enforcement and permitting programs. In order to help tribes move beyond capacity building to implementation of environmental programs, $30 million is budgeted for a new Tribal Multi-media Implementation grant program. To further enhance Tribal capacity this budget also includes an additional $9 million for Tribal General Assistance Program grants. Supports Action on Climate Change and Improves Air Quality EPA will take meaningful, common sense steps to improving air quality and addressing climate change. Making the right choices now will allow the Agency to improve public health, drive technology innovation for a better economy, and protect the environment - all without placing an undue burden on the nation's economy. EPA's FY 2011 budget requests $43.5 million in new funding for additional regulatory efforts aimed to reduce GHG emissions and address the Climate and Clean Energy Challenge. This includes $25 million for state grants focused on developing the technical capacity for addressing GHG in their CAA permitting activities and an ------- Overview additional $5 million for related EPA efforts It also includes $13.5 million in additional funding for the development and implementation of new emission standards that will reduce GHG emissions from transportation sources for passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium duty passenger vehicles. Funds also will support EPA's assessment and potential development, in response to legal obligations, for other mobile sources and for assessment and potential development of New Source Performance Standards for several categories of major stationary sources through means that are flexible and manageable for business. The budget requests an additional $4 million for implementing the Mandatory GHG Reporting Rule, to ensure the collection of high quality data. This budget includes an increase of $2.3 million to support community pilot programs as they develop and implement air toxics approaches tailored to their local needs. An additional $1.1 million will be invested to improve children's health through the delivery of effective asthma management strategies in schools and communities. Invests in Clean Water Protecting America's waters is a top priority and EPA has an ambitious vision for the nation's waters in the years ahead. Water quality has tremendous impacts on quality of life, on economic potential, and on human and environmental health. In FY 2011, EPA continues its commitment to upgrading drinking water and wastewater infrastructure with a substantial combined investment of $3.3 billion for the Clean Water and drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs. America's waterbodies are imperiled as never before from nutrient loadings and stormwater runoff to invasive species and drinking water contaminants. EPA will confront the challenges from multiple angles - local and national, traditional and innovative. A new Mississippi River Basin program is funded at $17 million to focus on nonpoint source program enhancements to result in water-quality improvement. In addition, $300 million is requested for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and support for the Chesapeake Bay Program is increased by $13 million to $63 million. Investments in these and other Clean Water and Drinking Water projects reflect a commitment to use leverage from Federal agency partnerships to strengthen disadvantaged communities by reconnecting them with their waters and achieving community-based goals. Strengthens Enforcement Through strengthened oversight, we will focus on environmental justice and partnership efforts to ensure innovative and creative environmental programs are delivered consistently nationwide, reaching historically under represented and at-risk populations. The FY 2011 President's Budget includes approximately $618 million for EPA's enforcement and Compliance Assurance Program. This includes $2 million to support updated and enhanced state water program data transfers to our Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS). ICIS is a critical tool for reviewing water quality information and strengthens the Agency's ability to ------- Overview modernize our compliance network, improve transparency, and provide important data to allow EPA, states and the public to track environmental progress and prioritize future actions. ------- Overview Environmental Protection Agency's FY 2011 Budget by Goal Total Agency: $10,020 Million GoalS 8.2% Goall 11.9% Goal 4 16.7% Goal 3 17.5% Goal 2 45.7% E Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change ffl Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water O Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration D Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems H Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals may not add due to rounding. ------- Overview Environmental Protection Agency's FY2011 Budget by Appropriation Total Agency: $10,020 Million STAG 47.7% LUST $113 M 1.1% SF 12.9% 0.4% EPM 28.8% El Science & Technology E Inspector General 10/7 D Leaking Underground Storage Tanks D Environmental Programs & Management D Buildings & Facilities ID Superfund D State & Tribal Assistance Grants Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals may not add due to rounding ------- Overview EPA's Enacted Budget FY1999 to 2011 (Dollars in Billions) $12.0 $0.0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fiscal Year EPA's F7E* Ceiling History 19,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fiscal Year * FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks X 40 hours = 2,080 hours), or the equivalent number of hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees. ------- Overview Environmental Protection Agency's Resources by Major Category (Dollars in Billions) S Categorical Grants M Operating Budget Trust Funds D Infrastructure Financing $12.0 $10.0 $8.0 $6.0 $4.0 $2.0 $0.0 $10.3 J.1 $8.1 J.4 $8.0 $7.6 $7.7 $7.5 $7.6 $1.1 $10.0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN PB Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding FY 2002 includes $175.6 M provided for Homeland Security in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act FY 2005 Enacted reflects 0.8% Rescission FY 2006 Enacted reflects 0.476% rescission plus 1% additional rescission - excludes Hurricane Supplemental funding FY 2008 Enacted includes a 1.56% rescission and $5 M rescission to prior year funds ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes Highlights of Major Budget Changes Taking Action on Climate Change GHG Rule Rollout (FY2011 PB:$20.8M, FY 2010 Enacted: $16.7M, FY 2011 Change:+$4.1 M) Requests a $4.1 million increase for a total of $20.8 million to support the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule. The funding will enable EPA to receive quality-assure, and verify data submitted electronically from 10,000-15,000 covered facilities. In addition it will fund guidance and support of the first year of reporting, including technical support meetings and documents, trainings, and workshops. Energy Efficiency Coordination/ENERGY STAR (FY2011 PB: $55.5M, FY2010 Enacted: $53.6M, FY2011 Change: +$1.9M) Requests a $1.9 million increase for a total of $55.5 million to expand the ENERGY STAR program across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. Key investments in EPA's energy efficiency programs will expand their reach and make an important contribution to advancing the Administration's climate change objectives. CAA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Permitting (FY2011 PB: $30.0M, FY2010 Enacted: $OM, FY2011 Change: +$30.0M) In FY 2011, states will be developing and deploying the technical capacity needed to address greenhouse gas emissions in permitting large sources as part of their Clean Air Act programs. The FY 2011 request of $30.0 million, including $25 million for state grants, supports increased state and EPA efforts. GHG Standards for Transportation Sources (FY 2011 PB: $6.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2011 Change: +$6.0M) Requests a $2.0 million increase to support the promulgation of GHG standards for passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. Requests a $4.0 million increase to support analysis and potential development of standards for other mobile-source categories in order to respond to rulemaking petitions. Carbon Capture and Sequestration (FY 2011 PB: $7.1 M, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$3.1 M) Requests a $3.1 million increase for a total of $7.1 million to analyze the applicability of Clean Air Act Authority, and conduct further analyses related to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology. Issues include developing guidance materials and building state capacity for future regulation of underground injection of CO2 and determining applicability of the Clean Air Act, and other environmental statutes, to the capture, transport, and storage components of a CCS project and evaluating technical and economic implications of applying carbon dioxide capture to currently regulated industry sectors. ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes GHG New Source Performance Standards (FY 2011 PB: $7.5M, FY 2010 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2011 Change: +$7.5M) In response to legal obligations regarding NSPS, this funding will support the assessment, and potential development, of greenhouse gas limits for several categories of major stationary sources of greenhouse gases through means that are flexible and manageable for businesses. Green Travel / Conferencing (FY 2011 PB: $5.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.8M, FY 2011 Change: +$4.2M) Requests an increase of $4.2 million to support the Agency's effort in promoting green travel practices and increasing the use web-based video conferencing to facilitate EPA meetings. Agency- wide travel budget reduction reflects this commitment. Additional funding will support the creation of multi-use conference rooms in selected locations. Renewable Fuel Storage (FY 2011 PB: $2.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2011 Change: +$2.0M) Increased resources will be used to assess the Underground Storage Tank compatibility with alternative fuels. Cleaning Up Our Communities Brownfields (FY2011 PB: $215.1 M, FY2010 Enacted: $173.6M, FY2011 Increase: +$41.5M) Requests an increase of $41.5 million to focus area-wide planning and cleanups and enable redevelopment of Brownfields properties, especially in under-served and economically disadvantaged communities. Will provide additional funding for assessment and cleanup of abandoned underground storage tanks (USTs) and other petroleum contamination found on Brownfields properties in approximately 65 communities. Total budget request of $215.1 million to provide an estimated 118 assessment grants, 110 cleanup grants, 7 Revolving Loan Fund grants, and 13 job-training grants. Clean, Green and Healthy Schools Initiative (FY 2011 PB: $6.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.1 M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.2M) Requests a $6.2 million increase to create healthier school environments for all children. EPA will co-lead an interagency effort in integrating existing school programs including asthma, indoor air quality, chemical clean out, green practices and enhanced use of integrated pest management. Promotes safe handling and management of PCB-containing caulk in schools and build necessary regional technical support and outreach to effectively implement site-specific cleanup and disposal plans. Assesses the impacts of non-compliance with existing environmental laws on health risks in schools. Increases technical assistance on voluntary Energy Independence Security Act (EISA) school siting and environmental health guidelines. 10 ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes Sustainable Communities (FY2011 PB: $10.9M, FY2010 Enacted: $5.7M, FY2011 Change: +$5.2M) Increase of $5.2 million to: allow EPA to more fully implement the Partnership for Sustainable Communities with U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban and Development, and EPA, and Increases technical assistance provided to Tribal, state, Regional, and local governments in integrating smart growth. Promotes reducing, reusing, and recycling waste based on lifecycle materials management approaches. Air Toxics (FY2011 PB: $6.0M, FY2010 Enacted: $OM, FY2011 Change: +$6.0M) Requests a $5.8 million increase to conduct integrated pilots in several communities to systematically evaluate and reduce risks from air toxics through regulatory, enforcement, and voluntary efforts in communities with an emphasis on, expanding outreach to schools based on air toxics monitoring. Community Water Priorities (FY 2011 PB: $9.5M, FY 2010 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2011 Change: +$9.5M) Requests $9.5 million for targeted technical assistance to assist underserved communities in restoring urban waterways for the Community Water Priorities program. Requests funds for the community grants to address water quality challenges in urban watersheds and to build the capacity of disadvantaged communities through projects that revitalize these watersheds. Superfund Budget Superfund Program (FY2011 PB: $1,293.1 M, FY2010 Enacted: $1,306.5M, FY2011 Decrease: -$13.4M) Request of $1,293.1 million includes $855.5 million for the Superfund Cleanup programs which maintains steady funding overall to support cleanup at hazardous waste sites that address emergencies (Superfund Emergency Response and Removal) at the Nation's highest priority sites (Superfund Remedial). Protecting America's Waters Clean Water State Revolving Fund and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (FY2011 PB: $3,287.0M, FY2010 Enacted: $3,487.0M, FY2011 Change: -$200.0M) The FY 2011 Budget contains robust funding for the State Revolving Loan Funds following an unprecedented increase provided in FY 2010. EPA is working to ensure that Federal dollars provided through the State Revolving Funds act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning, improvements in technical, financial, and managerial capacity, and the design, construction and on-going management of sustainable water infrastructure. Chesapeake Bay (FY2011 PB: $63.0M, FY2010 Enacted: $50.0M, FY2011 Change: +$13.0M) In response to the President's Executive Order, the Chesapeake Bay program is engaged in some of the most important activities of its 26 year existence, developing a new action plan for Bay restoration and accountability. EPA's FY 2011 Budget requests a total of $63.0 million for the Bay. This increase of $13 million will support Executive Order implementation, development of regulations to reduce nutrient pollution in the Bay watershed, support state nonpoint source program enhancements and enforcement of new 11 ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes and existing environmental regulations, and fully deploy ChesapeakeStat, a web-based decision making and accountability tool for Bay partners and the public. Mississippi River Basin Initiative (FY2011 PB:$16.8M, FY 2010 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2011 Change: +$16.8M) Requests $16.8 million and 15.0 FTE for new work in the upper Mississippi River Basin to reinvigorate coordinated efforts with USDA to address nutrient pollution in the watershed. The request also supports implementation of nonpoint source control recommendations of the Nutrients Innovations Task Group and Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Action Plan in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) (FY 2011 PB: $300.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $475.0M, FY 2011 Change: -$175.0M) In 2009, the President announced a new Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, committing the Federal government to significantly advance Great Lakes protection and restoration. In FY 2011, EPA is increasing the relative funding for the Invasive Species focus area in recognition of anticipated new demands such as fighting incursion of Asian Carp. FY 2011 funding has been reduced to reflect ramp up period, allowing time for the program to absorb the initial influx of FY 2010 resources. Building Strong State and Tribal Partnerships State and Local Air Quality Management Grants (Sect. 105) (FY2011 PB:$241.1M, FY 2010 Enacted: $171.1 M, FY 2011 Change:+$70M) Request of $241.1 million includes an increase of $45.0 million to support expanded core state workload for implementing additional NAAQS and reducing public exposure to air toxics. This will support state workload when implementing updated NAAQS resulting from EPA's commitment to review each NAAQS according to the CAA deadlines. Request includes the $25.OM state grant increase supporting state efforts to develop and deploy the technical capacity needed to address greenhouse gas emissions in permitting large sources under the Clean Air Act (CAA). Air Monitors (FY2011 PB: $15.0M, FY2010 Enacted: $OM, FY2011 Change: +$15.0M) An increase of $15.0 million is requested specifically for additional state air monitors required by new or revised NAAQS. States previously could use grant funding to procure monitors, but this is the first time funding will be specifically for monitors. This increase is in addition to $45.OM (listed above) for expanded core state NAAQS work and $25.OM for development of state technical capacity to address GHG emissions in permitting of large sources. Water Pollution Control Grants (FY2011 PB: $274.3M, FY2010 Enacted: $229.3M, FY2011 Change: +$45.0M) Requests a $45.0 million increase to strengthen the base state, interstate and Tribal programs. Increase reflects recognition of the growing workload for State Water programs to address post- construction runoff and other new or anticipated regulatory requirements and address emerging water quality issues such as nutrient pollution. In addition, the FY 2011 increase will strengthen and expand state enforcement efforts for existing and new Clean Water Act programs. 12 ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes Multimedia Tribal Implementation Grants (FY 2011 PB: $30.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2011 Change: +$30.0M) Requests $30.0 million for a new grant program that will allow the Agency to provide targeted multi-media grants to tribes for implementation of Federal environmental programs. Tribes will be able to develop and implement programs consistent with EPA statutory authorities such as CAA 105, CWA 106, RCRA and other tribal priorities. This may include tribal activities such as monitoring, permitting, and other implementation responsibilities. Tribal Capacity Building (FY 2011 PB: $15.0, FY 2010 Enacted: $12.1M, FY 2011 Change: +$2.9M) Requests a $2.9 million increase and 15.0 FTE for an increase for implementation of the new multi-media grant program. These funds support new positions to oversee, provide guidance, and ensure accountability to the new grant program and ongoing Tribal GAP work. On-the-ground FTE will provide direct technical assistance to tribes. Tribal GAP (FY2011 PB: $71.4M, FY2010 Enacted: $62.9M, FY2011 Change: +$8.5M) Requests an $8.5 million increase for the Agency to increase the base funding available for GAP grants, providing tribes with a stronger foundation to build Tribal capacity to implement environmental programs, continuing EPA's partnership and collaboration with the tribes. By increasing GAP grant funding, the Agency is encouraging a stronger environmental program base, and therefore allowing more tribes to take advantage of the new multi-media implementation program starting in FY 2011. Additional Flexibility In FY 2011, the President's budget is requesting additional State Revolving Fund grant transfer authority between the Clean Water Indian Set-Aside Grant and Drinking Water Infrastructure Grants Tribal Set-Aside programs. Allows tribes the flexibility to direct drinking water and wastewater funds to their highest priority projects, providing the same authority to tribes that is currently available to states. Research and Development (R&D) Initiatives Computational Toxicology (FY2011 PB:$21.9M, FY 2010 Enacted: $20.0M, FY 2011 Change:+$1.9M) Requests a $1.9 million increase for a total of $21.9 million for next-generation tools to speed and facilitate implementation of the Agency's Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program (EDSP). The application of these tools will introduce a more efficient approach to identifying potential endocrine disrupters and apply this information across the life cycle of a chemical. This research is critical to help the Agency meet its priority of strengthening chemicals management and risk assessment. Science to Achieve Results (STAR) (FY2011 PB: $87.2M, FY2010 Enacted: $61.4M, FY2011 Change: +$25.8M) Requests a $25.8 million increase for a total of $87.2 million to support research in key areas in support of the Administrator's priorities. STAR contains EPA's primary competitive grants program for funding extramural research in environmental science and engineering for universities and nonprofit organizations. Through STAR fellowships, EPA supports the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) government wide initiative. 13 ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes Highlights of the STAR program include: Hydraulic Fracturing Research (FY2011 PB: $4.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $1.8M, FY2011 Change: +$2.5M) Endocrine Disrupters Research (FY2011 PB: $17.4M, FY 2010 Enacted: $11.4M, FY2011 Change: +$6.0M) Green Infrastructure Research (FY 2011 PB: $10.4M, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.4M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.0M) Air Quality Research (FY2011 PB: $85.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $81.9M, FY2011 Change: +$3.4M) Research Fellowships (FY2011 PB:$17.3M,FY 2010 Enacted: $11.1M, FY2011 Change:+$6.2M) Other Significant FY2011 Changes The Agency also proposed a number of changes to increase program effectiveness as well as to reflect programmatic and administrative efficiencies. The reductions and savings demonstrate our commitment to being thoughtful stewards of public funds. Integrated Compliance Information System (FY2011 PB: $13.2M, FY2010 Enacted: $11.2M, FY2011 Change: +$2.0M) Increase of $.8 million will be used for design and development of necessary functionality in Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS)-National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to enable the electronic transfer of NPDES data from states' system to ICIS-NPDES via the Environmental Exchange Network. Additional $1.2 million will increase assistance to states to help them modify their own state systems to electronically flow data to ICIS-NPDES via the Environmental Exchange Network. Enforcement Training Efficiency (FY 2011 PB: $2.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.2M, FY 2011 Change: -$2.2M) EPA is streamlining and consolidating the Enforcement Training program into the Compliance Monitoring program to increase program efficiency. The Agency will maximize the use of National Enforcement Training Institute's web-based training and reduce classroom training. RCRA Waste Management (FY2011 PB: $64.5M, FY2010 Enacted: $68.8M, FY2011 Change: -$4.3M) Decreases $4.3 million in resources supporting existing efforts aimed at promoting the reduction, reuse, and recycling of municipal solid waste and industrial materials to reflect the progress in these partnership programs. Rent Avoidance through Space Consolidation (FY2011 PB: $243.9M, FY2010 Enacted: $236.4M, FY2011 Change: +$7.5M) Net rent increase for the Agency reflects a reduction to current lease projections including estimated savings from rent avoidance from EPA's on-going space consolidation effort. EPA had in the past conducted comprehensive review of space utilization at facilities nationwide. EPA is again engaging in a cross-Agency exercise to identify potential more efficient use of space and reduce rent costs. This effort has provided rent avoidance and helped defray projected rent increases. 14 ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes Acquisition Management (FY 2011 PB: $3.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2011 Change: +$3.0M) Additional funding will allow the Agency to supplement existing acquisition workforce activities for training, recruitment, retention, and hiring additional acquisition staff in an effort to enhance acquisition workforce effectiveness. Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance (EO 13514) (FY 2011 PB: $4.8M, FY 2010 Enacted: $3.8M, FY 2011 Change: +$1 .OM) EO 13514 calls for the Agency to plan for Greenhouse Gas emission reduction by FY2020. Additional funding will allow EPA to meet that requirement by retrofitting EPA buildings and infrastructure and increasing usage of green power. Water Security Initiative (WSI) (FY2011 PB:$11.6M, FY 2010 Enacted: $18.6M, FY 2011 Change:-$7.0M) Requests a $7.0 million decrease for a total of $11.6 million to reflect completion of funding for the establishment of five full-scale contamination warning system demonstration pilots in public water systems under the WSI. The FY 2011 requested funding will be used for WSI outreach, support, and evaluation activities. Homeland Security Enforcement Efforts (FY 2011 PB: $O.OM, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.4M, FY 2011 Change: -$4.4M) Requests a $4.4 million decrease for a total elimination of the Enforcement program's homeland security activities. Beginning in FY 2011, EPA will not need to maintain separate capacity to support environmental criminal investigations and training for terrorism related investigations. This reduction reflects the increased capacity of other agencies to handle the environmental forensics work associated with potential homeland security related incidents. Homeland Security Emergency Preparedness & Response (FY2011 PB: $41.4M, FY 2010 Enacted: $52.6M, FY 2011 Change:-$11.2M) Requests a $11.2 million decrease for a total of $41.4 million to reflect completion of ramp up of Agency investments in homeland security emergency preparedness and response. The FY 2011 requested funding will still allow current preparedness activities to be maintained and continued, but the reduction will cause a few additional planned technology upgrades to be delayed or deferred. Research & Threat Assessment (FY2011 PB: $28.6M, FY2010 Enacted: $32.9M, FY2011 Change: -$4.3M) Requests a $4.3 million decrease for a total of $28.6 million to reflect a reduction in the areas of research of water security, threat and consequence assessment, and safe buildings research. This reduction reflects a decreasing need for Water Security Initiative modeling support and a shift in focus to higher priority Agency needs. Air Threat Monitoring (FY 2011 PB: $O.OM, FY 2010 Enacted: $1.1M, FY 2011 Change: -$1.1M) Requests a $1.1 million decrease for eliminating support for the development of multi-pollutant monitoring models to demonstrate the effects of air threats to air quality in the United States, as effective modeling methodologies have been established for use in emergency response situations. 15 ------- Highlights of Major Budget Changes Superfund Tax Reinstatement The Administration supports reinstating the Superfund taxes to ensure that parties who benefit from the manufacture or sale of substances commonly found in hazardous waste sites contribute to the cost of cleanup. As of the beginning of FY 2010, the Superfund Trust Fund had an available balance of approximately $26 million. Reinstating the Superfund taxes would provide a stable, dedicated source of revenue to be placed in the Superfund Trust Fund where the revenues would be available for appropriation by Congress to support the cleanup of the Nation's most contaminated sites. 16 ------- Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change Strategic Goal: Protect and improve the air so it is healthy to breathe and risks to human health and the environment are reduced. Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by enhancing partnerships with businesses and other sectors. Resource Summary ($ in 000) 1 2 3 4 5 6 11.9% of Budget - Healthier Outdoor Air - Healthier Indoor Air - Protect the Ozone Layer - Radiation - Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Enhance Science and Research Goal 1 Total FY2010 Enacted Budget $720,156 $45,456 $18,631 $42,631 $167,264 $101,173 $1,095,311 FY 201 1 President's Budget $811,320 $47,111 $18,609 $42,635 $168,558 $104,716 $1,192,950 Difference FY 2010 EN to FY2011 PresBud $91,164 $1,655 ($21) $4 $1,294 $3,543 $97,638 Workyears 2,679 2,795 116 Numbers may not add due to rounding. EPA will take meaningful, common sense steps to improving air quality and addressing climate change. Making the right choices now will allow the Agency to improve public health, drive technology innovation for a better economy, and protect the environment - all without placing an undue burden on the nation's economy. The Clean Air program is founded on several principles: using health and environmental risks to set priorities, streamlining programs through regulatory reforms, continuing to partner with state, local and tribal governments as well as industry and non-governmental organizations, promoting energy efficiency and clean energy supply, and encouraging market-based approaches. EPA implements the Clean Air and Global Climate Change goal through national, state, local, tribal and regional programs designed to provide healthier outdoor and indoor air for all Americans, reduce greenhouse gases (GHG), protect the stratospheric ozone layer, minimize radiation releases and enhance science and research. 17 ------- Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change In FY 2011, EPA is providing additional resources to the states and local governments to implement the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) by monitoring air quality and developing and implementing State Implementation Plans. In addition, EPA will develop guidance on GHG permitting for the states and local governments for anticipated GHG permitting work. To complement that work and to respond to pending legal obligations, EPA will assess and potentially develop New Source Performance Standards for GHGs and regulations for large transportation sources. EPA will also be implementing GHG regulations completed in FY 2009 and expected to be completed in 2010 such as the Mandatory Reporting Rule and the Light Duty Vehicle Rule. EPA's key clean air programs, including those addressing six common "criteria" pollutants: particulate matter, ozone, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, and our work on acid rain, air toxics, indoor air, radiation and stratospheric ozone depletion, focus on some of the highest health and environmental risks faced by the country. Recent updates for the NAAQS for lead, and proposed updates for ozone could yield significant health and environmental benefits. Every year, state, local, tribal and federal air pollution programs established under the Clean Air Act prevent tens of thousands of premature mortalities, millions of incidences of chronic and acute illness, tens of thousands of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, and millions of lost work and schools days. High Priority Performance Goal EPA will improve the country's ability to measure and control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Building a foundation for action is essential. By June 15, 2011, EPA will make publically available 100% of facility-level GHG emissions data submitted to EPA in compliance with the GHG Reporting Rule. EPA, working with US DOT, will begin implementation in 2011 of regulations designed to reduce the GHG emissions from light duty vehicles sold in the US starting with model year 2012. Clean Air Cleaner cars, industries, and consumer products have contributed to cleaner air for Americans in much of the U.S. Since 1990, nationwide air quality has improved significantly for the six criteria air pollutants for which there are national ambient air quality standards. Despite this progress, millions of Americans still live in areas that exceed one or more of the national standards. Ground-level ozone and particle pollution still present challenges in many areas of the country. In FY 2008, EPA promulgated a more protective standard for lead; we recently proposed a new standard for ozone. In FY 2011, we will continue to work with state, local, and tribal agencies to ensure active progress toward meeting these new standards. 18 ------- Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change As EPA issues more protective NAAQS at a faster pace, states are faced with an increasing workload as they revise their State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to meet the new NAAQS. States must develop more stringent measures for areas that did not meet the previous NAAQS, and measures for new areas not previously in nonattainment. The measures often are based on multi-state strategies that require additional and more complicated modeling, refined emissions inventories, and increased stakeholder involvement. In some cases NAAQS revisions have also contained requirements for States to expand monitoring networks to help determine compliance with revised NAAQS. In addition, states will likely be tasked with new responsibilities under the Clean Air Act in order to help reduce GHG emissions. State programs for issuing operating permits and for prevention of significant deterioration will require additional resources when they begin to address greenhouse gas emissions in permitting large sources. EPA's NOx SIP Call, and the Acid Rain Program have contributed to significant improvements in air quality and environmental health. The required reductions in sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen have reduced ozone and particle pollution, improved visibility in our treasured national parks, and led to significant decreases in atmospheric deposition. The decreases in deposition have contributed to improved water quality in lakes and streams. Between the 1989-1991 and 2005-2007 time periods, wet sulfate deposition decreased by more than 30 percent and wet inorganic nitrogen decreased by approximately 15 percent in the eastern U.S. Scientists have observed measurable improvements and signs of recovery in a number of acidic water bodies. Promoting Healthy Communities From 1990 to 2005, emissions of air toxics declined by 42 percent - the results of a number of regulations for industrial and transportation sources. EPA has issued 96 industrial air toxics standards, affecting 174 categories of industry. When fully implemented, these standards will reduce 1.7 million tons of air toxics every year. Historically, although EPA's air toxics program has conducted significant outreach to communities and tribes, it has focused largely, at a macro level, on developing national emission standards for air toxics and conducting national-scale risk assessments. As a general matter, EPA's enforcement program has taken a similar sector-based approach to addressing air toxic emissions. The FY 2011 budget request builds on work that the Agency has done in communities in 2008 and 2009. Our efforts with the City of Houston and other communities disproportionately impacted by air toxic emissions (e.g. Port Arthur, Texas), make it evident that the public health and environmental impacts associated with air toxics emissions occur largely at the local level. Further, existing information suggests that such risks may disproportionately affect some vulnerable subpopulations, such as schoolchildren. 19 ------- Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change Consistent with the Administrator's commitment to Congress, "...to protect the American public where they live, work, and play [as well as] schoolchildren where they learn," from the impacts associated with air toxic pollutants, the request includes funding to collaborate with states, and communities to identify if and where air toxics pollution is occurring at unsafe levels, and aggressively reduce air toxics pollution within any at-risk communities, and around schools and other places where children may be exposed. This budget includes an increase of $2.3 million to support a limited number of community pilot programs as they develop and implement air toxics approaches tailored to their local needs. Reduce Risks to Indoor Air and Radon Programs The Indoor Air Program characterizes the risks of indoor air pollutants to human health, develops techniques for reducing those risks, and educates the public about actions they can take to reduce their risks from indoor air. EPA educates and encourages individuals, schools, industry, the health-care community, and others to take action to reduce health risks in indoor environments. Outreach includes national public awareness and media campaigns, as well as community-based outreach and education. EPA also uses technology-transfer to improve the design, operation, and maintenance of buildings - including schools, homes, and workplaces - to promote healthier indoor air. In FY 2011, as a part of the Agency's Promoting Healthy Communities - Healthy Schools initiative, the Indoor Air Program will invest an additional $1.1 million in efforts to improve children's health through the delivery of effective asthma management strategies in schools and communities. Regional offices will provide support to communities across the country and will allow targeting of efforts in underserved communities. The Radon Program promotes action to reduce the public's risk to indoor radon (second only to smoking as a cause of lung cancer). This non-regulatory program encourages and facilitates voluntary national, regional, state, and Tribal programs and activities that support initiatives targeted to radon testing and mitigation, as well as to radon resistant new construction. Clean Energy & Climate Change The FY 2011 budget request includes additional funding for steps the Agency can take in the near term to help pave the way to a clean energy future. Most of this funding is focused on assessing and potentially developing new GHG regulations in response to legal obligations, or implementing GHG regulations completed in FY 2009 and 2010. For example, the Agency will implement the GHG Mandatory Reporting Rule while also including the added benefit of identifying and communicating with industry possible cost-effective efficiency investments with the resultant GHG reductions. 20 ------- Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change The Agency will analyze critical air and climate-related issues relating to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology, and eventually develop a framework for the permitting of the carbon dioxide capture component of the CCS project. This budget request includes an increase of $2.0 million for this work. The FY 2011 budget request provides an increase of $6 million for analysis, development and implementation of new emission standards that will reduce GHG emissions from transportation sources. This includes the implementation of new standards for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium duty passenger vehicles), covering model years 2012 through 2016. The Agency plans to finalize these first ever GHG emission standards in FY 2010. EPA also plans to propose and promulgate heavy-duty vehicle and engine standards to complete its obligation to regulate GHG emissions from motor vehicles in response to the Supreme Court's Massachusetts v. EPA decision. In addition, EPA will conduct analyses and technical assessments and potentially develop GHG emission standards for other transportation source categories in response to petitions to regulate GHG emissions of these sources. New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) regulations could be an effective mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from major industrial sources. The NSPS program provides the opportunity to begin achieving emission reductions at new facilities through such actions as improvements in energy and industrial process efficiency. The request includes $7.5 million to assess and potentially develop NSPS regulations for major industrial sectors and seek, where possible, market-oriented mechanisms and flexibilities to provide lowest cost compliance options. This request includes an additional $25 million to support state permit programs as they prepare to issue permits for large sources of GHGs. Voluntary GHG Reducing Programs For more than a decade, businesses and other organizations have partnered with EPA, through voluntary climate protection programs, to pursue common sense approaches to reducing GHG emissions. Voluntary programs, such as Energy Star and SmartWay Transport, have increased the use of energy-efficient products and practices, spurred investment in clean energy development, and reduced emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other GHGs with very high global warming potentials. EPA will continue to implement the ENERGY STAR program across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors consistent with the updated Memorandum of Understanding with DOE, with an increase of $2 million. EPA will do this by: Enhancing the use of the ENERGY STAR label on products including adding products to the program; accelerating the rate that product specifications are updated in terms of stringency; and developing a comprehensive product certification and verification initiative for ENERGY STAR qualifying products. Another focus will be expanding 21 ------- Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change ENERGY STAR programs that improve the installation of products such as heating and cooling equipment whose efficiency is greatly affected by installation practices. Stratospheric Ozone - Domestic and Montreal Protocol In FY 2011, EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program will continue to implement the provisions of the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol), and contribute to the reduction and control of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in the U.S. Following the 2010 lowering of the ODS cap, EPA is responding to an increased number of ODS substitute applications, many of which represent lower GHG options. Under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program, EPA will review alternatives to ODS to assist the market's transition to alternatives that are safer, especially for the climate system. Radiation In FY 2011, EPA will continue to work with other Federal agencies, states, tribes, stakeholders, and international radiation protection organizations to develop and use voluntary and regulatory programs, public information, and training to reduce public exposure to radiation. The Agency also will continue to conduct radiation risk assessments including updating its scientific methodology, modeling, and technical tools for generating radionuclide-specific cancer risk coefficients to more specifically address sensitive population groups such as infants, women, and the elderly. Risk managers at all levels of government use this information to assess health risks from radiation exposure and to determine appropriate levels for clean-up of radioactively contaminated sites. EPA will continue to provide technical assistance to tribes to locate and cleanup radioactive wastes produced from uranium mining that contaminate tribal lands and water resources with radionuclides and heavy metals. Research EPA, in accordance with the Administration's policy of scientific integrity, conducts research to provide a scientific foundation for the Agency's actions to protect the air all Americans breathe. The Agency's air research program supports implementation of the Clean Air Act, especially the NAAQS, which sets limits on how much stratospheric ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and lead, are allowed in the atmosphere. EPA also conducts research on hazardous air pollutants, also known as air toxics. In FY 2011, the budget request for the Agency's air research program includes an additional $3.0 million to support a next generation monitoring network for ambient air pollutants that will help build the scientific backbone necessary to plug gaps in our regulatory system. The Agency's air research program will also continue research to understand the sources and composition of air pollution; develop methods for controlling 22 ------- Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change sources' emissions; study atmospheric chemistry and model U.S. air quality; investigate Americans' exposure to air pollution; and conduct epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological studies of air pollution's health effects. The range of research programs and initiatives will both continue the work of better understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as well as advance the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green chemistry and green engineering. In FY 2011, the program will continue to focus on the effects of air pollution near roads on human health, as well as the development and evaluation of effective mitigation strategies. The Agency will also fund research grants to universities and nonprofits to study topics such as the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particles and air pollution mixtures in the atmosphere and the frequency and progression of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. In FY 2011, EPA requests $85.3 million for the Clean Air Research program to continue studying Americans' exposure to air pollution, and the links between sources of pollution and health outcomes. Global Change Research is discussed in the Goal 4 overview section. 23 ------- 24 ------- Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water Strategic Goal: Ensure drinking water is safe. Restore and maintain oceans, watersheds, and their aquatic ecosystems to protect human health, support economic and recreational activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants, and wildlife. Resource Summary ($ in 000) ^C ^ 45.7% of Budget 1 - Protect Human Health 2 - Protect Water Quality 3 - Enhance Science and Research Goal 2 Total FY2010 Enacted Budget $1,770,225 $2,981,365 $144,915 $4,896,505 FY 201 1 President's Budget $1,603,813 $2,831,001 $152,372 $4,587,186 Difference FY 2010 EN to FY2011 PresBud ($166,412) ($150,363) $7,457 ($309,319) Workyears 2,925 2,928 Numbers may not add due to rounding. Protecting America's waters is a top priority and EPA has an ambitious vision for the nation's waters in the years ahead. Water quality has tremendous impacts on quality of life, on economic potential, and on human and environmental health. America's waterbodies are imperiled as never before from nutrient loadings and stormwater runoff to invasive species and drinking water contaminants. These challenges demand both traditional and innovative strategies, both national and local action. In FY 2011, the Agency is launching new initiatives to confront the challenges from multiple angles - local and national, traditional and innovative. The Mississippi River Basin initiative will focus on nonpoint source program enhancements to result in water-quality improvement throughout the watershed and in the Gulf of Mexico. As part of the Healthy Communities Initiative, EPA will launch the Community Water Priorities program to address issues related to urban waters. The Agency will also continue collaboration with the Department of Interior and the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to implement an Interagency Action Plan (IAP) to significantly reduce the harmful effects of Appalachian surface coal mining operations. To make progress, the Agency also needs unprecedented partnerships with the states and tribes. In FY 2011, significant new resources are targeted to states, to help with the growing universe of facilities and the growing needs for Total Maximum Daily Limits (TMDLs), monitoring and innovative strategies for addressing infrastructure requirements. 25 ------- Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water EPA will collaborate with states and tribes in each of these areas to achieve clean and safe water objectives. In FY 2011, EPA continues its commitment to upgrading drinking water and wastewater infrastructure with a substantial combined investment of $3.3 billion for the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs. This investment will both facilitate continued progress toward drinking water and clean water goals, and result in increased job opportunities at the local level. EPA is working to ensure that Federal dollars provided through the State Revolving Funds act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning, improvements in technical, financial, and managerial capacity, and the design, construction and on-going management of sustainable water infrastructure. The National Water Program will continue to place emphasis on sustainable infrastructure, watershed stewardship, watershed-based approaches, water efficiencies, and best practices through Environmental Management Systems. EPA will specifically focus on green infrastructure, banking for wetlands conservation, and trading among point sources and non-point sources for water quality upgrades. In FY 2011, the Agency will continue advancing the water quality monitoring initiative and a water quality standards strategy under the Clean Water Act, as well as important rules and activities under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and surveillance will help advance water security nationwide. Drinking Water High Priority Performance Goal As part of the Administration's emphasis on High Priority Performance Goals, EPA will take actions over the next two years to improve drinking water and surface water quality. Work under this goal supports one of EPA's High Priority Performance Goals related to public health. Over the next two years, EPA will initiate review/revision of at least four drinking water standards to strengthen public health protection. During FY 2011, EPA, the states, and community water systems will build on past successes while working toward the FY 2011 goal of assuring that 91 percent of the population served by community water systems receives drinking water that meets all applicable health-based standards. To promote compliance with drinking water standards, states carry out a variety of activities, such as conducting onsite sanitary surveys of water systems and working with small systems to improve their capabilities. EPA will work to improve compliance rates by providing guidance, training, and technical assistance; ensuring proper certification of water system operators; promoting consumer awareness of drinking water safety; maintaining the rate of system sanitary surveys and onsite reviews; and taking appropriate action for noncompliance. To help ensure that water is safe to drink, EPA requests $1.3 billion continuing EPA's commitment for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. EPA will continue to work with states to encourage targeting this affordable, flexible financial assistance to support utility 26 ------- Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water compliance with safe drinking water standards. EPA will also continue to work with utilities to promote technical, financial, and managerial capacity as a critical means to meet infrastructure needs, and further enhance program performance and efficiency, and to ensure compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act. Climate and Clean Energy Challenge In order to support a potentially important climate mitigation technology, EPA will build on its regulatory framework for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). As part of the Agency's efforts to meet the Climate and Clean Energy Challenge, EPA is requesting an additional $1.1 million to support the Agency's work on geologic sequestration to ensure the integrity of underground drinking water aquifers. This includes completing guidance to implement the rule (e.g., monitoring, modeling, and Area of Review determinations), building state and regional capacity to issue permits, training permit writers to review complex data, and communicating that there is a protective program in place for Geologic Sequestration wells. In FY 2011, states and EPA will process Underground Injection Control permit applications for experimental carbon sequestration and gather information from these pilots to facilitate the permitting of large-scale commercial carbon sequestration in the future. Clean Water In FY 2011, EPA will continue to collaborate with states and tribes to make progress toward EPA's clean water goals. EPA's FY 2011 request includes a total of $485.1 million in categorical grants for clean water programs. EPA will implement core clean water programs and apply promising innovations, on a watershed basis, to accelerate water quality improvements. Building on 30 years of clean water successes, EPA, in conjunction with states and tribes, will implement the Clean Water Act by focusing on TMDLs and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits built upon scientifically sound water quality standards, effective water monitoring, strong programs for controlling nonpoint sources of pollution, stringent discharge permit programs, and revolving fund capitalization grants to our partners to build, revive, and "green" our aging infrastructure. The Agency's FY 2011 request continues the monitoring initiative begun in 2005 to strengthen the nationwide monitoring network and complete the baseline water quality assessment of the nation's waters. The results of these efforts are scientifically- defensible water quality data and information essential for cleaning up and protecting the nation's waters. Progress in improving coastal and ocean waters documented in the National Coastal Condition Report, will focus on assessing coastal conditions, reducing vessel discharges, implementing coastal nonpoint source pollution programs, managing dredged material and supporting international marine pollution control. EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) to enable EPA partners to improve wastewater treatment, non-point sources of pollution, and estuary revitalization. Realizing the long-term benefits derived from the CWSRF, EPA is continuing our CWSRF commitment by requesting $2.0 billion in FY 2011. 27 ------- Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water In FY 2011, EPA requests an additional $45 million in the Section 106 grants. The new funding will strengthen the base state, interstate and tribal programs, address emerging water quality issues such as nutrients and new regulatory requirements, and support expanded water monitoring and enforcement efforts. Imperiled Urban Waters Many urban waters are impaired by pathogens, excess nutrients, and contaminated sediments that result from sanitary sewer and combined sewer overflows, polluted runoff from urban landscapes, and legacy contamination. As part of the Healthy Communities Initiative, EPA will launch the Community Water Priorities program to address issues related to urban waters. Through Federal technical support and grants to the states, the program will advance water quality improvements in urban watersheds through targeted implementation of core water programs. It also will leverage more effective partnerships and strategically target resources. With a particular emphasis on disadvantaged communities, the program will focus water quality protection and restoration efforts on urban waters. Appalachian Coal Mining Interagency Action Plan EPA, the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), and the Department of Interior will implement the Interagency Action Plan to ensure that Appalachian surface mining projects do not violate water quality standards or result in significant environmental degradation in the watershed. Coordinating with the Corps, states, resource agencies, and the public, EPA will review CWA 404 and 402 permits of concern and negotiate a resolution to outstanding environmental issues with the Corps and mine operators. Homeland Security EPA has a major role in supporting the protection of the nation's critical water infrastructure from terrorist threats. EPA will move to the next phase of the Water Security Initiative (WSI) pilot program, focusing on support and evaluation activities, and will continue to support water sector-specific agency responsibilities, including the Water Alliance for Threat Reduction (WATR), to protect the nation's critical water infrastructure. The Agency also will continue progress to integrate the Regional laboratory networks and the WSI pilot laboratories into a national, consistent program. The FY 2011 request includes $10.4 million for WSI support and evaluation activities and $1.2 million for WATR. Research EPA, in accordance with the Administration's policy of scientific integrity, conducts research to provide a scientific foundation for the Agency's actions to protect America's waters, under the authorities of the Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts. The complementary Drinking Water and Clean Water Research programs are both organized 28 ------- Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water around specific long-term goals to provide needed scientific information and tools to the Agency and other decision makers. In FY 2011, the range of research programs and initiatives will continue both the work of better understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as well as advancing the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green chemistry and green engineering. The Drinking Water and Water Quality research programs will work to align themselves to provide a more unified approach to particular high-priority problems of source water quality and sustainability. In FY 2011, drinking water research will be expanded to address potential water supply consequences associated with hydraulic fracturing. Congress has urged EPA to conduct this research, which supports the Agency's efforts to ensure the protection of our aquifers. Green infrastructure research will be expanded in FY 2011 to assess, develop, and compile scientifically rigorous tools and models that will be used by EPA's Office of Water, states, and municipalities. Green chemistry and green engineering approaches will advance the design of sustainable solutions to clean water challenges. EPA will leverage the success of the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program by significantly increasing funding for research grants to top scientists in academia. 29 ------- 30 ------- Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration Strategic Goal: Preserve and restore the land by using innovative waste management practices and cleaning up contaminated properties to reduce risks posed by releases of harmful substances. Resource Summary ($ in 000) ^-^_-^ 17.5% of Budget 1 - Preserve Land 2 - Restore Land 3 - Enhance Science and Research Goal 3 Total FY2010 Enacted Budget $246,689 $1,462,951 $54,744 $1,764,384 FY 201 1 President's Budget $252,853 $1,445,922 $53,427 $1,752,201 Difference FY 2010 EN to FY2011 PresBud $6,164 ($17,029) ($1,317) ($12,182) Workyears 4,556 4,551 (4) Numbers may not add due to rounding. Land is one of America's most valuable resources and cleaning up our communities to create a safe environment for all Americans is a priority for EPA. Hazardous and non- hazardous wastes on the land can migrate to the air, groundwater, and surface water, contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses or chronic diseases, and threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural, and suburban areas. Communities are directly affected by EPA's actions whether they are site-specific actions or broad national policies. In recognition of the role of communities and stakeholders in its work, EPA has begun a new era of outreach and protection for communities historically underrepresented in EPA decision-making. In FY 2011, EPA is helping to meet the Climate and Clean Energy Challenge, investing in Healthy Communities initiatives (Clean Green and Healthy Schools, Brownfields and Sustainable Communities) and continuing to build strong state and Tribal partnerships. EPA will work with states and tribes to assess Underground Storage Tank (LIST) compatibility with alternative fuels and evaluate the transport and degradation characteristics of ethanol and diesel blends; promote safe handling and management of poly-chlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing caulk in schools while building necessary regional technical support and outreach to effectively implement site-specific cleanup and disposal plans; build healthy and sustainable communities particularly in urban areas with EPA's efforts working with Feed People - Not Landfills; and strengthen our partnership 31 ------- Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on cleaning up contaminated sediments in urban rivers adjacent to Superfund sites. To protect the land, human health and the environment, EPA focuses on prevention, protection, and response activities to address risks posed by releases of harmful substances on land; emergency preparedness, response, and homeland security to address immediate risks to human health and the environment; enforcement and compliance assistance to ensure effective and adequate oversight of our responsibilities by determining what needs to be done and who should pay; and sound science and research to address risk factors and new, innovative solutions. EPA will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land: reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing spills and releases of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties. The Agency especially is concerned about threats to our most sensitive populations, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups accordingly1. Prevention, Protection, and Response Activities EPA leads the country's activities to prevent and reduce the risks posed by releases of harmful substances and to preserve and restore land with effective waste management and cleanup methods. In FY 2011, the Agency requests $1.75 billion to continue to apply the most effective approach to preserve and restore land by developing and implementing prevention programs, improving response capabilities, and maximizing the effectiveness of response and cleanup actions. This approach will help ensure that human health and the environment are protected and that land is returned to beneficial use. Controlling the many risks posed by accidental and intentional releases of harmful substances presents a significant challenge. In FY 2011, EPA will continue to ensure that it is adequately prepared to minimize contamination and harm to the environment from spills and releases of hazardous materials by improving its readiness to respond to emergencies through training as well as maintaining a highly skilled, well-trained, and equipped response workforce. EPA's land program activities for FY 2011 align along four broad themes: 1) Integrated Cleanup Program Initiative; 2) Land Revitalization; 3) Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery; and 4) implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). Integrated Cleanup Program Initiative: In an effort to improve the accountability, transparency, and effectiveness of EPA's cleanup programs, EPA initiated a multiyear effort in 2010 to explore better uses of assessment and cleanup authorities to address a greater number of sites, accelerate cleanups, and put those sites back into productive use while protecting human health and 1 Additional information on these programs can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/, http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/er_cleanup.htm, http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/, http://www.epa.gov/swerust1/, http://www.epa.gov/fedfac/and http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization/. 32 ------- Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration the environment. By bringing to bear the relevant tools available in each of the cleanup programs (Superfund Remedial, Superfund Emergency Response and Removal, Superfund Federal Facilities Response, and Brownfields Projects), EPA will better leverage the resources available to address needs at individual sites. For example, EPA is defining and implementing new performance measures that further describe the achievements of EPA's cleanup programs. As an early step toward an improved Superfund Remedial program measurement, in FY 2011, EPA will implement a new performance measure to augment the site-wide construction completion measure. Further, this effort will examine all aspects of EPA's cleanup programs, in a more granular fashion, identifying key process improvements, enhanced efficiencies, and associated performance measures to clearly gauge and demonstrate progress from site assessment through site-wide construction completion. This effort may expand the transparency for EPA's cleanup programs, encourage community involvement, and enhance accountability to the public. Land Revitalization: All of EPA's cleanup programs (Superfund Remedial, Superfund Federal Facilities Response, Superfund Emergency Response and Removal, RCRA Corrective Action, and Underground Storage Tanks) and their partners are taking proactive steps to facilitate the cleanup and revitalization of contaminated properties. In FY 2011, the Agency requests $950.7 million to help communities revitalize these once productive properties by removing blight, satisfying the growing demand for land, helping limit urban sprawl, fostering ecologic habitat enhancements, enabling economic development, and maintaining or improving quality of life. EPA continues to support the RE-Powering America's Land initiative in partnership with the Department of Energy. Finding suitable environmentally impaired lands to site renewable energy facilities is one significant way EPA and the states can help the Administration meet its goals of 25 percent renewable energy by 2025. Recycling, Waste Minimization, and Energy Recovery: EPA requests $11.1 million in FY 2011 to support EPA's strategy for reducing waste generation and increasing recycling. EPA's strategy will continue to be based on: (1) establishing and expanding partnerships with businesses, industries, tribes, states, communities, and consumers; (2) stimulating infrastructure development and environmentally responsible behavior by product manufacturers, users, and disposers; and (3) helping businesses, government, institutions, and consumers reduce waste generation and increase recycling through education, outreach, training, and technical assistance. In FY 2011, EPA will continue the Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC) as a major national effort to find flexible ways to conserve our valuable natural resources through waste reduction, energy recovery, and recycling3. Through RCC, the Agency will continue to build partnerships with government agencies4, businesses, and nonprofits to encourage recycling and waste prevention, and leverage resources to improve energy conservation. 2 Additional information on this initiative can be found on http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergyland/. 3 For more information, refer to http://www.epa.gov/rcc. Federal, state, local and Tribal agencies. 33 ------- Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration Implementing the EPAct: The EPAct5 contains numerous provisions that significantly affect Federal and state underground storage tank (LIST) programs and requires that EPA and states strengthen tank release and prevention programs. In FY 2011, EPA requests $34.4 million to provide assistance to states to help them meet their EPAct responsibilities, which include: (1) mandatory inspections every three years for all underground storage tanks and enforcement of violations discovered during the inspections; (2) operator training; (3) prohibition of delivery for non-complying facilities6; and (4) secondary containment or financial responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers. In addition to EPA's land program activities, EPA's Homeland Security and Enforcement work are important components of the Agency's prevention, protection, and response activities. Homeland Security EPA will continue to maintain its Homeland Security emergency preparedness and response capability. In FY 2011, the Agency requests $40.2 million to continue to: maintain its capability to respond effectively to incidents that may involve harmful chemical, biological, and radiological substances; operate the Environmental Response Laboratory Network (ERLN); maximize the effectiveness of its involvement in national security events through pre-deployments of assets such as emergency response personnel and field detection equipment; maintain the Emergency Management Portal (EMP); and manage, collect, and validate new information for new and existing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) agents as decontamination techniques are developed or as other information emerges from the scientific community. Enforcement EPA's Superfund enforcement program ensures prompt site cleanup and uses an "enforcement first" approach that maximizes the participation of liable and viable parties in performing and paying for cleanups in both remedial and removal programs. The Superfund enforcement program includes nationally significant or precedential civil, judicial, and administrative site remediation cases, and provides legal and technical enforcement support on Superfund enforcement actions and emerging issues. The Superfund enforcement program also develops waste cleanup enforcement policies, and provides guidance and tools that clarify potential environmental cleanup liability, with specific attention to the reuse and revitalization of contaminated properties, including Brownfields properties. 5 For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi- bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109.pdf (scroll to Title XV- Ethanol And Motor Fuels, Subtitle B - Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file). 6 Refer to Grant Guidelines to States for Implementing the Delivery Prohibition Provision of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, August 2006, EPA-510-R-06-003, http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/epact_05.htm#Final. 34 ------- Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program: they are used to leverage private-party resources to conduct a majority of the cleanup actions and to reimburse the Federal government for cleanups financed by appropriations. In FY 2011, the Agency requests $187.4 million to support enforcement activities at Federal and non- Federal Superfund sites. EPA's "enforcement first" approach ensures that sites with financially viable potentially responsible parties (PRPs) are cleaned up by those parties, allowing EPA to focus appropriated resources on sites where viable PRPs either do not exist or lack funds or capabilities needed to conduct the cleanup. In tandem with this approach, various reforms have been implemented to increase fairness, reduce transaction costs, promote economic development, and make sites available for appropriate reuse7. The Department of Justice supports EPA's Superfund Enforcement program through negotiations and judicial actions to compel PRP cleanup and litigation to recover Trust Fund monies spent. In FY 2009, the Superfund Enforcement program secured private party commitments that exceeded $2.3 billion. Of this amount, PRPs have committed to future response work with an estimated value of approximately $2 billion; PRPs have agreed to reimburse the Agency for more than $371 million in past costs; and PRPs have been billed by the EPA for approximately $79 million in oversight costs. These results can be directly linked to Goal 3. EPA also works to ensure that required legally enforceable institutional controls and financial assurance instruments are in place and adhered to at Superfund sites and at facilities subject to RCRA Corrective Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of cleanup actions. In FY 2011, the Agency will negotiate remedial design/remedial action cleanup agreements and removal agreements at contaminated properties. Where negotiations fail, the Agency will either take unilateral enforcement actions to require PRP cleanup or use appropriated dollars to remediate sites (or both). When appropriated dollars are used to clean up sites, the program will recover the associated cleanup costs from the PRPs. If future work remains at a site, recovered funds could be placed in a site-specific special account. Special accounts are sub-accounts within the Trust Fund which segregate funds obtained from responsible parties who enter into settlement agreements with EPA. These funds act as an incentive for other PRPs to perform cleanup work and can be used by the Agency to fund cleanup at that site. The Agency also will continue its efforts to establish and use special accounts to facilitate cleanup, improve tracking, and plan the use of special account funds. Through the end of FY 2009, more than 948 site-specific special accounts have been established and over $2.96 billion have been deposited into special accounts (including earned interest). Approximately $1.43 billion from special accounts has been used by EPA for site response actions and another $184.3 million has been obligated but not yet disbursed. EPA is carefully managing the $1.34 billion that was available as of October 1, 2009 and has developed multi-year plans to use these funds as expeditiously as possible. These funds will be used to conduct many different CERCLA response actions, including, but not limited to, investigations to determine the extent of contamination and appropriate remedy required, construction of the remedy, enforcement activities, and post-construction monitoring. 7 For more information regarding EPA's enforcement program and its various components, please refer to http://www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/. 35 ------- Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration EPA has ongoing cleanup and property transfer responsibilities at some of the Nation's most contaminated Federal properties, which range from realigning and closing military installations and former military properties containing unexploded ordnance, solvents, and other industrial chemicals to Department of Energy sites containing nuclear waste. EPA's Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program helps Federal and local governments, tribes, states, redevelopment authorities, and the affected communities ensure contamination at Federal or former Federal properties is addressed in a manner that protects human health and the environment8. In addition, EPA ensures that Federal entities are held accountable for the commitments made in Federal Facility Agreements. EPA also is evaluating the enforcement approach for formerly-utilized Defense sites and mine sites with Federal ownership. Enhancing Science and Research to Restore and Preserve Land EPA's Land Research program, in accordance with the Administration's policy of scientific integrity9, provides the scientific foundation for the Agency's actions to protect America's land. The FY 2011 Land Research program supports the Agency's objective of reducing or controlling potential risks to human health and the environment at contaminated waste sites by providing the science to accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex sites in accordance with CERCLA. The range of research programs and initiatives will continue both the work of better understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as well as advancing the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green chemistry and green engineering. In FY 2011, EPA requests $53.4 million in support of EPA's efforts to enhance science and research for land preservation and restoration. Restoration research activities in FY 2011 will focus on contaminated sediments, ground water contamination, site characterization, and site-specific technical support. Research will advance EPA's ability to characterize the effectiveness of contaminated sediment remediation and will be conducted in collaboration with the Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) to develop alternative technologies to sediment dredging for remedy selection options. Research products will develop data to support dosimetric and toxicologic assessment of amphibole asbestos fiber-containing material from Libby, Montana. Oil spill remediation research will continue on physical, chemical, and biological risk management methods for petroleum and non-petroleum oil spills in freshwater and marine environments as well as development of a protocol for testing solidifiers and treating oil. UST research will assess UST compatibility with alternative fuels Research will continue to focus on areas such as resource conservation, corrective action, multi-media modeling, leaching, containment systems, and landfill bioreactors. In For more information on the Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program, please refer to http://www.epa.gov/fedfac/. 9 For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-Executive- Departments-and-Agencies-3-9-09/. 36 ------- Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration FY 2011, EPA will continue working with states to optimize operations and monitor several landfill bioreactors to determine their potential to provide alternative energy in the form of landfill gas while increasing the nation's landfill capacity. Additionally, methamphetamine lab clean up studies will continue to evaluate clean up techniques and exposure risks. Research efforts also will address science needs for coal combustion residue regulatory actions. In FY 2011, research also will continue in the area of nanotechnology fate and transport as part of the Nanotechnology Research program efforts to address emerging issues and strategic EPA issues. The goal of this research is to lead the Federal government in addressing key science questions on the persistence and movement of nanomaterials in the environment. 37 ------- 38 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems Strategic Goal: Protect, sustain, or restore the health of people, communities, and ecosystems using integrated and comprehensive approaches and partnerships. Resource Summary ($ in 000) ^-> ^ 16.7% of Budget 1 - Chemical, Organism, and Pesticide Risks 2 - Communities 3 - Ecosystems 4 - Enhance Science and Research Goal 4 Total FY2010 Enacted Budget $411,538 $251,749 $728,969 $407,486 $1,799,743 FY 201 1 President's Budget $425,034 $297,729 $530,132 $420,623 $1,673,517 Difference FY 2010 EN to FY2011 PresBud $13,496 $45,980 ($198,838) $13,137 ($126,225) Workyears 3,891 3,967 76 Numbers may not add due to rounding. In FY 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency will protect, sustain or restore the health of communities and ecosystems by bringing together a variety of programs, tools, approaches and resources. Results stem from effective regulatory frameworks but also from partnerships with stakeholders. Partnerships with international, Federal, state, tribal, local governments and non-governmental organizations have long been a common thread across EPA's programs. Environmentalism has been described as a conversation that we all must have because it is about protecting people in the places they live, work and raise families. In FY 2011, the Agency is focused on expanding the conversation to include new stakeholders and involve communities in more direct ways. EPA is proactive about detection and prevention of environmental risks to watersheds, communities, homes, schools and workplaces - but today's challenges require renewed and re-focused efforts to address old pollution and prevent new pollution. The Agency will carry out its responsibilities based on the core values of science, transparency and the rule of law, and will include environmental justice principles in the full range of decision-making. High-priority, cutting edge research will guide the Agency in finding efficient, innovative and sustainable ways to address complex, inter-related and cumulative sources and effects of pollution. 39 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems In FY 2011, EPA will invest in building Healthy Communities from multiple vantages: Brownfields to assist economically hard hit communities; Clean and Green Schools to protect our children, Community Waters grants to engage communities in new ways in making improvements in their immediate environment, and Sustainable Communities activities to help protect the future through smart development. Targeted geographic approaches receive new funds also, to support important work to restore the Chesapeake Bay under the Executive Order, and to reduce nutrient loading in the Mississippi River Basin with downstream benefits to the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, the Agency will move forward with the far-reaching Great Lakes initiative begun in 2010. Ideally, EPA implements a strategy of preventing pollution at the source. EPA works to assure the safety of chemicals before they are in use, as well as maximize the use of recent advances in toxicology and analytical chemistry for chemical review. The Agency is shifting its focus to identify and address chemicals of concern more quickly through Existing Chemicals Action Plans, as well as filling data gaps on widely produced chemicals in commerce, including endocrine disrupter screening. Innovation in green chemistry and research to develop faster more efficient ways to uncover potential adverse effects are vital components of this work. In FY 2011 new funding will allow expansion and acceleration in endocrine disrupter research and computational toxicology. In managing risk and in ensuring that environmental rules protect all Americans, EPA directs its efforts toward identifying and mitigating exposures and other factors in our communities, schools, homes, and workplaces that might negatively impact human health and environmental quality. To do so, EPA conducts research to understand how specific groups of people may differ in their inherent susceptibility or may be disproportionately exposed. For example, sensitivity in children can depend on developmental stage, which can determine how they metabolize (absorb and detoxify) chemicals. People living in communities near certain industrial sources of pollution and/or roadways with high traffic volume may be disproportionately impacted. Native Americans, or other Americans who rely on traditional sources of food, may consume more fish or other locally gathered foods and may be disproportionately exposed to contaminants in those foods. A renewed focus is being placed on the continuing Environmental Justice (EJ) efforts to address the environmental and public health concerns of minority, low income, Tribal, and other disproportionately burdened communities and focus on improving environmental and public health protection in these communities. Changes in ecosystems have long-range impacts that are beginning to be recognized and difficult to reverse. In FY 2011, the Agency will continue collaboration with the Department of Interior and the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to implement an Interagency Action Plan (IAP) to significantly reduce the harmful effects of Appalachian surface coal mining operations. Research on ecosystem services as well as the impact of climate change will help identify opportunities in regulatory, voluntary and outreach efforts. Routine ecological risk assessments determine potential effects of pesticides, 40 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems toxics or pollutants from various sources on plants, animals, and ecosystems as a whole, as well as those species that are listed as threatened or endangered. The combined effect - community level actions, geographically targeted investments, attention to chemicals, concern for ecosystems - implemented through the lens of science, transparency and law - will bring real improvements and real protections for ourselves and for our children. High Priority Performance Goal As part of the Administration's emphasis on High Priority Performance Goals, //. EPA will take actions over the next two years to improve water quality. Clean water is essential for our quality of life and the health of our communities. All Chesapeake Bay watershed States (including the District of Columbia) will develop and submit approvable Phase I watershed implementation plans by the end of CY 2010 and Phase II plans by the end of CY 2011 in support of EPA's final Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). By the end of fiscal year 2011, increase the percent of federal CWA discharge permit enforcement actions that reduce pollutant discharges into impaired waterways from 20% (FY 2009 baseline) to 25%, and promote transparency and right-to-know by posting results and analysis on the web. ///. EPA will ensure that environmental health and protection is delivered to our communities. By 2012, EPA will have initiated 20 Brownfields community-level projects as part of an enhanced effort to benefit under-served and economically disadvantaged communities. This will allow those communities to assess and address multiple Brownfields sites within their boundaries, thereby advancing area-wide planning and cleanups and enabling redevelopment of Brownfields properties on a broader scale than on individual sites. EPA will provide technical assistance, coordinate its enforcement, water and air quality programs, and work with other federal agencies, states, tribes and local governments to implement associated targeted environmental improvements identified in each community's area-wide plan. Pesticides Programs A key component of protecting the health of people, communities, and ecosystems is identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the thousands of chemicals on which our society and economy have come to depend. Toward that end, EPA is investing $144 million in Pesticides Licensing programs in FY 2011. Chemical and biological pesticides help meet national and global demands for food; provide effective pest control for homes, schools, gardens, highways, utility lines, hospitals, and drinking water treatment facilities; and control animal vectors of disease. Many of these actions 41 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems involve reduced risk pesticides which, once registered, will result in increased societal benefits. As part of the FY 2011 Healthy Communities initiative the Pesticides program will expand its work with schools to reduce risks children face from pesticide use in the school environment. Reduced concentrations of pesticides in water sources indicate the efficacy of EPA's risk assessment, management, mitigation, and communication activities. Using sampling data, collected under the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment program for urban watersheds, EPA will monitor the impact of our regulatory decisions for four pesticides of concerndiazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and cabaryland consider whether any additional action is necessary Toxics Programs These programs span the full range of EPA activities associated with screening, assessing and reducing risks of both new and existing chemicals. EPA is strengthening its risk management activities to assure the safety of chemicals in products and in the environment. EPA will continue reviewing and acting on 1,500 TSCA Section 5 notices, including Pre-Manufacture Notices, received annually to ensure no unreasonable risk from new chemicals before they are introduced into U.S. commerce. EPA will also continue to assess and act on the thousands of existing chemicals already in commerce before TSCA took effect and review data to support hazard assessment and risk management actions for High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals. In FY 2011 the program will evaluate the hazards and risks posed by HPV chemicals, and take appropriate risk management actions to reduce human health and environmental risks. One focus area is eliminating childhood lead poisoning, including implementing the Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Rule to address lead hazards created by renovation, repair and painting activities in homes and child-occupied facilities with lead- based paint. Pesticides and Toxics Fees In FY 2011, EPA will administer or propose several user fees as follows: Pesticides Maintenance Fee: This fee provides funding for the Registration Review program with a portion supporting the processing of applications involving "me-too" or inert ingredients. Enhanced Registration Services Fee: To accelerate pesticide registration decision service, entities seeking to register pesticides for use in the United States pay a fee at the time the registration action request is submitted to EPA. 42 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems Pre-Manufacturing Notification Fee: This fee supports the review and processing of new chemical pre-manufacturing notifications submitted to EPA by the chemical industry. Lead Accreditation and Certification Fee: This fee is collected from operators of lead training programs accredited under the 402/404 rule and for lead-based paint contractors certified under this rule. Accelerated Chemical Risk Reduction Fee: Under proposed TSCA reform legislation, the Agency envisions collecting fees to directly support implementation of a restructured chemicals management program. Water Programs EPA's ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems, such as urban waters, estuaries, and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined with pollution carried by rivers and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate in these ecosystems and degrade them over time. Large water bodies, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and the Chesapeake Bay, have been exposed to substantial pollution over many years. Coastal estuaries and wetlands are also vulnerable. As the populations in coastal regions grow, the challenges to preserve and protect these important ecosystems increase. Working with stakeholders, EPA has established special programs to protect and restore these unique resources. In FY 2011, EPA will continue to lead the implementation of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The Initiative identifies $300 million for programs and projects strategically chosen to target the most significant environmental problems in the Great Lakes ecosystem. EPA will collaborate closely with its Federal partners in the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force to implement the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Action Plan to be completed in February 2010. Pursuant to the Action Plan, the Initiative will use outcome-oriented performance goals and measures to direct Great Lakes protection and restoration funding to the following areas: Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern Invasive Species Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source Habitat and Wildlife Protection and Restoration Accountability, Education, Monitoring, Evaluation, Communication, and Partnerships Funds will be used to strategically implement both Federal projects and prioritized/competitive grants. These funds will not be directed toward water infrastructure programs that are addressed under the Clean Water or Drinking Water State Revolving Fund program. Funding will be distributed directly by EPA or through the transfer of funds to other Federal agencies for subsequent use and distribution. 43 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems In FY 2011, EPA, the Army Corps of Engineers, and Department of Interior will implement the Interagency Action Plan to significantly reduce the harmful effects of Appalachian surface coal mining operations. In FY 2011, EPA will review and/or develop policy, analyze proposed CWA 404 and 402 permits related to mining operations, and negotiate resolution to outstanding environmental issues with the Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) and mine operators. FY 2011, EPA will continue cooperation with Federal, state and Tribal governments and other stakeholders toward achieving the national goal of no net loss an overall increase in the acreage and condition of wetlands. The FY 2011 budget request for NEPs and coastal watersheds is $27.2 million. The $63.0 million Chesapeake Bay program FY 2011 budget request will allow EPA to implement the President's Executive Order (E.G.) on Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration, to implement the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), to assist program partners in their protection and restoration efforts, to increase the accountability and transparency of the program, to continue responding to oversight reports, and to address other priority initiatives as they arise. The efforts initiated in response to the E.G. will help accelerate implementation of pollution reduction and aquatic habitat restoration efforts and ensure that water quality objectives are achieved as soon as possible. The Chesapeake Bay TMDL, the nation's largest and most complex TMDL, will necessitate significant scientific and technical support to states and local jurisdictions in developing and implementing the most appropriate programs for meeting their responsibilities under the TMDL allocations. EPA has engaged multiple programs and offices to provide the regulatory, legal, enforcement, and technical support necessary to meet these challenges. EPA is committed to its ambitious long-term goals of 100 percent attainment of dissolved oxygen standards in waters of the Chesapeake Bay and 185,000 acres of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Along with its Federal and state partners, EPA has stated its intention to establish two-year milestones for all actions needed to restore water quality, habitats, and fish and shellfish. The hypoxic zone that forms in the summer off the coasts of Louisiana and Texas is primarily caused by excess nutrients, many of which originate in middle American cities, farms and industries. To address this pressing water quality challenge, in FY 2011, EPA will target the Mississippi River Basin ($12.4 million for grants; $17 million total) to demonstrate how effective nutrient strategies and enhanced partnerships can yield significant progress in addressing non-point source driven nutrient pollution. This initiative supports the Gulf Hypoxia Action Plan 20081 as well as the regional priorities outlined in the Gulf of Mexico Alliance's Governor's Action Plan II, both of which describe a strategy to reduce, mitigate, and control hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and improve water quality in the Mississippi River Basin. 1 http://www.epa.gov/msbasin/actionplan.htm 44 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems U.S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure Program The U.S.-Mexico Border region hosts a growing population of more than 14.6 million people, posing unique drinking water and wastewater infrastructure shortages. In many areas along the US-Mexico Border, no drinking water or wastewater services exist. In addition, the rapid increase in population and industrialization in the border cities has overwhelmed those areas that have limited wastewater treatment and drinking water supply facilities. Untreated sewage pollutes urban waters that flow north into the U.S. from Tijuana, Mexicali, and Nogales, into the Rio Grande or into the Pacific Ocean. In FY 2011, EPA sustains its long time commitment to the water and sanitation needs of the Border region by investing $10 million in water infrastructure projects. The Agency will continue to monitor the program to ensure it is well managed and the Federal investment yields access to safe drinking water and wastewater collection and treatment services for the communities in both countries. Healthy Communities: Clean, Green, and Healthy Schools This initiative will create a multidisciplinary Healthy Schools program to support states and communities in promoting healthier school environments, increasing technical support and outreach, and co-leading an interagency effort to better coordinate and integrate existing school programs throughout the Federal government. Under the Healthy Communities and Ecoystems goal, EPA would broaden the implementation of EPA's existing school environmental health programs including asthma, indoor air quality, chemical clean out, green practices (i.e., cleaning products, energy use, lighting, etc.), and enhanced use of Integrated Pest Management. The Agency would also provide technical assistance for state school environmental health programs and for implementing voluntary guidelines for school siting and construction. Community Action lor a Renewed Environment (CARE) CARE is a competitive grant and technical assistance program that offers an innovative way for under-served and other communities to take action to reduce toxic pollution. Through CARE, communities create local collaborative partnerships that implement local solutions to minimize exposure to toxic pollutants and reduce their release. In FY 2011, EPA is requesting new grant authority to continue this program beyond the demonstration phase. Brownfields EPA works collaboratively with state, Tribal, and local partners to promote the assessment, cleanup, and sustainable reuse of Brownfields. In FY 2011, an additional investment of $38 million in Brownfields work will offer new opportunities to serve communities acutely impacted by the economic downturn. Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the heart of EPA's community-centered work. EPA shares information and builds community capacity to consider the many aspects of planned development or 45 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems redevelopment. EPA encourages community development by providing funds to support community involvement and area-wide planning associated with the assessment and cleanup of Brownfields sites. Through area-wide planning, communities would identify how Brownfield properties can be redeveloped to meet their needs for jobs, housing, recreation, and health facilities that would make a more viable and sustainable community, as well as identify opportunities to leverage additional public and private investment. In addition, the Smart Growth program works with stakeholders to create an improved economic and institutional climate for Brownfields redevelopment. Addressing these challenges requires combining innovative and community-based approaches with national guidelines and interagency coordination to achieve results. Environmental Justice EPA is committed to identifying and addressing the health and environmental burdens faced by communities disproportionately impacted by pollution. The Agency is committed to expanding the reach of environmentalism and giving those communities a voice in critical decisions that impact their lives. EPA works to make environmental justice an integral part of every program, policy and activity by: Engaging communities in EPA decision-making and enlisting our partners to meet community needs. EPA works to "open its doors" to communities of color, Native Americans, the poor, and other historically underrepresented groups. In addition, EPA actively engages community groups, other Federal agencies, states, local governments, and Tribal governments to recognize, support and advance environmental protection and public health for vulnerable communities. Supporting community efforts to build healthy, sustainable and green neighborhoods. EPA works to empower vulnerable communities to protect themselves from environmental harms and to build healthy and sustainable neighborhoods that enable disadvantaged groups to participate in the new green economy. EPA's efforts to build community capacity include financial and technical assistance. Applying EPA's regulatory tools to protect vulnerable communities. EPA will work to incorporate environmental justice considerations in EPA's regulatory and policy decisions by building a strong scientific and legal foundation and engaging the public in EPA's decision-making processes. International Activities Emissions from automobiles on the world's highways contribute to the same urgent environmental problem as the degradation of peat bogs in Indonesia and deforestation in the Amazon - or booming industrial centers in China and India. In this global challenge, every nation's actions create impacts that extend well beyond our individual borders. By assisting developing countries to improve their environmental governance, 46 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems manage their natural resources and protect the health of their citizens, EPA also helps to protect human health and the environment in the U.S To sustain and enhance domestic and international environmental progress, EPA enlists the cooperation of other nations and international organizations to help predict, understand, and address environmental problems of mutual concern. Sound environmental laws, regulations, policies, and their enforcement and implementation form an essential foundation for effective global environmental management. However, only sustainable economic solutions in developed and developing nations will bring real reductions in worldwide levels of GHG's or other pollutants of concern. EPA is committed to reducing the concentration and emissions of long-lived climate- warming gases while at the same time finding ways to assist communities, especially those most at risk, to adapt to climate-induced changes, nationally and internationally. EPA recognizes that adaptation cannot be imposed on anyone but rather, must at its core be a community-led consultative process that leads to actions that improve the lives and conditions of affected communities. On climate mitigation EPA is also actively working to identify additional ways to reduce the panoply of short-lived but potent climate pollutants such as black carbon soot, tropospheric ozone and methane, in the interest of trying to mitigate climate warming most immediately on the scale of continents and regions, while continuing to grapple with reducing the long-lived climate- warming gases. EPA assists in the coordination of its international and domestic environmental policies so that U.S. international obligations are informed by domestic policy and expertise, that domestic programs fulfill international obligations, and that actions by other countries needed to reach domestic goals are catalyzed and promoted. . Consistent with the principles of sustainable development, protecting the environment and public health in the U.S.-Mexico border region are also priorities for Mexico and the United States under the Border 2012 Agreement. The key to sustaining and enhancing progress, both domestically and internationally, is the collaborative efforts of national, Tribal, state, and local governments, international organizations, the private sector, and concerned citizens. Research EPA has a responsibility to ensure that efforts to reduce potential environmental risks are based on the best available scientific information. Strong science allows for identification of the most important sources of risk to human health and the environment, as well as the best means to detect, abate, and avoid possible environmental problems, and thereby guides our priorities, policies, and deployment of resources. To accelerate the pace of environmental protection for healthy people, communities, and ecosystems, EPA is engaging in high-priority, cutting-edge, multidisciplinary research efforts in areas related to human health, ecosystems, mercury, global change, pesticides and toxics, endocrine disrupters, computational 47 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems toxicology, nanotechnology, human health risk assessment, and homeland security. The range of research programs and initiatives will both continue the work of better understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as well as advance the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green chemistry and green engineering. This research is critical for the Agency to meet its priorities for assuring the safety of chemicals, and protecting our communities. EPA also conducts research through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program. The STAR program leverages innovative and cutting-edge research from top scientists in academia through a competitive and peer-reviewed grant process that is integrated with EPA's overall research efforts. In FY 2011, EPA is increasing funding for the STAR program by more than 40 percent. A significant portion of STAR supports research under Goal 4, including the STAR Fellowships Research program. STAR Fellowships contribute to one of the Administration's top priorities in FY 2011, strengthening science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. The Agency proposes $14.0 million for STAR Fellowships in FY 2011, an increase of more than $6 million, which will allow EPA to award approximately 240 new fellowships. These fellowships help ensure the Nation has a diverse scientific workforce to meet the challenges of tomorrow. They also represent an investment in EPA's future and our ability to ensure that science remains the backbone of the Agency for years to come. As designed, most of the long-standing EPA research programs investigate statute- specific environmental research questions, which have allowed the Agency to address many important environmental questions. However, current environmental problems are more complex and require a new approach to maximize the EPA research programs' responsiveness to the rapidly changing needs of internal and external partners. To facilitate this evolution, the Agency is beginning to realign elements of its research programs to further advance the Agency's ability to conduct integrated, multidisciplinary research that translates scientific and technological advances and findings to information that directly informs environmental and public health decisions. This new, more integrated approach will enhance our ability to develop high capacity decision support tools for managing contaminants across their life cycles. In FY2011, the Human Health Research program is working to maintain its success with characterizing and reducing uncertainties in exposure and risk assessment as well as developing improved tools for predicting the safety of chemicals and products. The program is orienting this work toward understanding linkages along the potential source- exposure-effects-disease continuum and demonstrating reductions in human risk. This orientation is designed to include research that addresses limitations, gaps, and health- related challenges articulated in the health chapter of the EPA Report on the Environment (2007). Research includes exploration of key events in pathways of toxicity that can be used to predict adverse health outcomes, development of models to predict exposures in complex community settings and for susceptible populations, and identification of viable bio-indicators of exposure, susceptibility, and effect that could be applied to evaluate public health impacts at various geospatial and temporal scales. Extramural STAR research complements intramural programs with a strong focus on 48 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems children's health, safe schools, and epidemiologic approaches designed to link information from exposure and toxicology studies to human health outcomes. The Agency is requesting $80.1 million in FY 2011 for Human Health research. In FY2011, the Agency's Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) program will continue to implement a process to identify, compile, characterize, and prioritize new scientific studies into Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs) of criteria air pollutants to assist EPA's air and radiation programs in determining the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The program will release external review draft ISAs for ozone and lead for public comment and Clean Air Science Advisory Committee review. In addition, the HHRA research program will complete multiple human health assessments of high priority chemicals for interagency review or external peer review and post several completed human health assessments in the integrated risk information system. In FY 2011, EPA requests $49.0 million for the Human Health Risk Assessment program, which includes $14.4 million and 48 work years to allow the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program to maintain recent increases in the annual output of new IRIS assessments and updates of existing assessments. In order to assess the benefits of ecosystem services to human and ecological well- being, it is important to define ecosystem services and their implications, to measure, monitor and map those services at multiple scales over time, to develop predictive models for quantifying the changes in ecosystem services, and to develop decision platforms for decision makers to protect and restore ecosystem services through informed decision making. The Agency is requesting a total of $74.0 million in FY 2011 to support Ecosystems research. The Ecosystem Services research program has transitioned to focus on advancing the science of ecosystems services and its application to decision making. Over the last decade, the endocrine disrupter research program conducted the underlying research, developed and standardized protocols, prepared background materials for transfer to EPA's Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, briefed Agency advisory committees, participated on international committees on harmonization of protocols, and participated in the validation of 19 different in vitro and/or in vivo assays for the development and implementation of the Agency's Endocrine Disrupters Screening program (EDSP). In FY 2011, EPA is requesting $17.4 million for the continued development, evaluation, and application of innovative tools for endocrine disrupting chemicals. This includes a significant increase for the STAR grant program. In FY 2011, the Computational Toxicology Research program will play a critical role in coordinating and implementing research across the Agency. In addition, greater emphasis will be placed on using systems biology based approaches to advance health-based assessments. In FY 2011, EPA is requesting $21.9 million, an increase of $1.9 million, to support application of mathematical and computer models to help assess chemical risk to human health and the environment. Funds for next-generation 49 ------- Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems tools will speed and facilitate implementation of EPA's Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program (EDSP). In FY 2011, continued pesticides and toxics research will focus on characterizing toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of perfluoroalkyl chemicals, developing analytical methods and examining the potential for selected perfluorinated telomers to degrade to perfluoroctanoic acid or its precursors. The program also will conduct research to develop spatially-explicit probabilistic models for ecological assessments. In FY 2011, EPA requests $27.6 million for continued pesticides and toxics research to support the scientific foundation for addressing the risks of exposure to pesticides and toxic chemicals in humans and wildlife. EPA will continue to investigate nanotechnology's environmental, health, and safety implications in FY 2011. This research will examine which processes govern the environmental fate of nanomaterials and what data are available and needed to enable nanomaterial risk assessment. EPA is requesting $20 million for the Nanomaterials Research program in FY2011 to expand the availability of information to ensure the safe development, use, recycling and disposal of products that contain nanoscale materials. EPA will continue research to better understand how climate change will affect the environment, including the environmental and human health implications of greenhouse gas adaptation and mitigation strategies, and the implications of climate change for the Agency's fulfillment of its statutory, regulatory and programmatic requirements. The Agency's climate change research also includes the development of decision support tools to help resource managers adapt to changing climate conditions. In FY 2011, EPA requests $22.0 million for the Global Change Research program to enhance understanding of the effects of global change on the environment. In FY 2011, the Agency will continue to enhance the nation's preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities for homeland security incidents through research, development, and technical support activities in the areas of decontamination, water infrastructure protection, and threat and consequence assessment. The FY 2011 request level for this area is $30.7 million. 50 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship Strategic Goal: Protect human health and the environment through ensuring compliance with environmental requirements by enforcing environmental statutes, preventing pollution, and promoting environmental stewardship. Encourage innovation and provide incentives for governments, businesses, and the public that promote environmental stewardship and long-term sustainable outcomes. Resource Summary ($ in 000) ^ ' 8.2% of Budget 1 - Improve Compliance 2 - Improve Environmental Performance through Pollution Prevention and Innovation 3 - Build Tribal Capacity 4 - Enhance Science and Research Goal 5 Total FY2010 Enacted Budget $531,383 $111,467 $80,732 $58,340 $781,922 FY 201 1 President's Budget $545,315 $102,408 $124,477 $51,945 $824,146 Difference FY 2010 EN to FY2011 PresBud $13,932 ($9,059) $43,745 ($6,395) $42,224 Workyears 3,367 3,329 (37) Numbers may not add due to rounding. Protecting the public and the environment from risks posed by violations of environmental regulations is central to the Environmental Protection Agency's mission and a priority for this Administration. EPA ensures that government, business, and the public comply with federal laws and regulations by monitoring compliance and taking enforcement actions that result in reduced pollution and improved environmental conditions. Laws and regulations provide the fundamental building blocks of our environmental protection system and establish a level playing field for companies and citizens alike. Many of America's historic environmental improvements are attributable to EPA's strong and aggressive enforcement program. To help the Agency meet its mission, EPA will continue to employ a vigorous civil and criminal enforcement program to protect the public from environmental hazards, with a particular emphasis on the protection of vulnerable communities. 51 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship To accelerate the nation's environmental protection efforts, EPA works to prevent pollution at the source, and promotes the principles of responsible environmental stewardship, sustainability, and innovation. EPA works to improve and encourage pollution prevention as the first choice for environmental protection, striving for sustainable practices and helping businesses and communities move beyond compliance and become partners in protecting natural resources, managing materials more wisely, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving the environment and public health. EPA also works with other nations as they develop their own environmental protection programs, leading to lower levels of pollution in the United States and worldwide. In 1984, EPA adopted a formal Indian Policy. The Agency affirms that Policy in recognition that the United States has a unique legal relationship with tribal governments based on the Constitution, treaties, statutes, Executive Orders, and court decisions. This relationship includes recognition of the rights of tribes - as sovereign governments - to act with self-determination. Ensuring compliance and promoting environmental stewardship are important components of the Agency's efforts to protect human health and the environment in Indian Country. Tribes, the first stewards of America's environment, provide an invaluable perspective on environmental protection that benefits and strengthens the Agency's stewardship. In FY 2011, EPA is requesting an increase in support to tribal programs to address critical needs in assessing environmental conditions on their lands and building environmental programs tailored to their needs as well as a new multi-media grant to allow them to implement their highest priority programs. EPA also will strengthen the scientific evidence and research supporting environmental policies and decisions on compliance, pollution prevention, and environmental stewardship. High Priority Performance Goal As part of the Administration's emphasis on High Priority Performance Goals, EPA will take actions over the next two years to improve enforcement results. Work under this goal supports one of the Agency's FY 2011 High Priority Performance Goals, specifically: II. Clean water is essential for our quality of life and the health of our communities. EPA will take actions over the next two years to improve water quality. By the end of fiscal year 2011, increase the percent of federal CWA discharge permit enforcement actions that reduce pollutant discharges into impaired waterways from 20% (FY 2009 baseline) to 25% and promote transparency and right-to-know by posting results and analysis on the web. 52 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship Improving Compliance with Environmental Laws To be effective, EPA requires a strong enforcement and compliance program, one which: identifies and reduces noncompliance problems, responds to complaints from the public, strives to secure a level economic playing field for law-abiding companies, and deters future violations. In order to meet the Agency's goals, the program employs an integrated, common-sense approach to problem-solving and decision-making. An appropriate mix of data collection and analysis, compliance monitoring, assistance and incentives, civil and criminal enforcement efforts, and innovative problem-solving approaches address significant environmental issues and achieve environmentally beneficial outcomes. The total proposed FY 2011 budget to improve compliance with environmental laws is $545.5 million. EPA's national enforcement and compliance assurance program is responsible for maximizing compliance with 12 environmental statutes, 28 distinct programs under those statutes, and dozens of regulatory requirements under those programs which apply in various combinations to a universe of approximately 40 million regulated Federal and private entities. In addition, as a means for focusing its efforts, the enforcement program identifies, in three year cycles, specific environmental risks and noncompliance patterns as national priorities. The enforcement program coordinates the selection of these priorities with programs and regions within EPA, and with states, local agencies, and tribes, in addition to soliciting public comment. In FY 2011, the Agency proposes to merge the Compliance Assistance and Compliance Incentives activities into the Civil Enforcement program, with a small component of compliance assistance moving into the Compliance Monitoring program. Under the current structure, individual enforcement tools are emphasized. The new model will allow us to focus on outcomes, tailoring our approach to address the unique characteristics and requirements of individual cases. This new model also will allow us to better integrate our efforts with the states, refining our role as state capabilities evolve to best support the national enforcement program. Merging the Compliance Assistance and Incentives programs into the enforcement program allows the Agency to pursue the most effective approach and communicates our commitment to vigorous enforcement, making the threat of Federal enforcement more credible. The Agency's Compliance Monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of the regulated community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit conditions, and settlement agreements as well as to determine whether conditions presenting imminent and substantial endangerment exist. FY 2011 Compliance Monitoring activities will be both environmental media- and sector-based. EPA's media-based inspections complement those performed by states and tribes, and are a key part of our strategy for meeting the long-term and annual goals established for the air, water, pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous waste programs. In FY 2011 the Compliance Monitoring Program will increase to include work previously done under the Compliance Assistance program, primarily training activities. In FY 2011, the Compliance Monitoring program's proposed budget is $111.7 million. 53 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship The Civil Enforcement program's overarching goal is to protect human health and the environment, targeting enforcement actions according to the degree of health and environmental risk in order to promote compliance with Federal environmental statutes and regulations. The program collaborates with the Department of Justice, states, local agencies, and tribal governments to ensure consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental laws and regulations. The program seeks to protect public health and the environment and ensure a level playing field by strengthening our partnership with our co-implementers in the states, encouraging regulated entities to rapidly correct their own violations, ensuring that violators do not realize an economic benefit from noncompliance, and pursuing vigorous enforcement to deter future violations. The Civil Enforcement program develops, litigates, and settles administrative and civil judicial cases against serious violators of environmental laws. In FY 2011 the Civil Enforcement program will expand to include work previously supported by the Compliance Incentives and Compliance Assistance programs. In FY 2009, EPA achieved commitments to invest more than $5 billion in future pollution controls and pollution reduction commitments totaling nearly 600 million pounds. Over the last nine years, EPA's long-term environmental results achieved through enforcement settlements in FY 2001-2009 total an estimated 9.8 billion pounds of pollution reduced. In FY 2011, the Agency will continue to aggressively implement its Civil Enforcement program, including the national compliance and enforcement priorities established for FY 2011-2013. Existing national priorities address problems that remain complex and challenging, including Clean Water Act "Wet Weather" discharges, violations of the Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration requirements and Air Toxics regulations, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) violations at mineral processing facilities. Information on priorities, regulatory requirements, enforcement alerts, and EPA results will be made available to the public and the regulated community through web-based sites. The Civil Enforcement program also will support the Environmental Justice program and the Administrator's priority to address pollution impacting vulnerable populations. The Civil Enforcement program will focus enforcement actions on facilities that have repeatedly violated environmental laws in communities that may be disproportionately exposed to risks and harms from the environment, including minority and/or low-income areas. In addition, the Civil Enforcement program will help to implement the President's directive to develop and implement a compliance and enforcement strategy for the Chesapeake Bay; activities will include enhanced enforcement to ensure existing regulations are complied with consistently and in a timely manner. In FY 2011, the Civil Enforcement program's proposed budget is $187.1 million. EPA's Criminal Enforcement program investigates and helps prosecute environmental violations which seriously threaten public health and the environment and which involve intentional, deliberate, or criminal behavior on the part of the violator. The Criminal Enforcement program deters violations of environmental laws and regulations by demonstrating that the regulated community will be held accountable, through jail 54 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship sentences and criminal fines, for such violations. Bringing criminal cases sends a strong deterrence message for potential violators, enhancing aggregate compliance with laws and regulations and protecting our communities. In FY 2011, the Criminal Enforcement program will continue to expand its identification and investigation of cases with significant environmental, human health, and deterrence impact while balancing its overall case load of cases across all pollution statutes. By the end of FY 2010, the program will have completed its three-year hiring strategy, raising the number of special agents to 200. With these resources, the program will expand its capacity in supporting efforts to address complex environmental cases in FY 2011. The Criminal Enforcement program's proposed budget is $59.5 million. EPA fulfills its uniquely Federal responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act by reviewing and commenting on other Federal agency Environmental Impact Statements (EISs), and making the comments available to the public. NEPA requires that Federal agencies prepare and submit EISs to identify potential environmental consequences of major proposed activities, and develop plans to mitigate or eliminate adverse impacts. EPA will continue to work with other Federal agencies to streamline and to improve their NEPA processes. Work will focus on a number of key areas such as review and comment on mining, on-shore and off-shore liquid natural gas facilities, coal bed methane development and other energy- related projects. EPA will also be conducting work as part of the Appalachian Coal Mining Interagency Action Plan. In FY 2011, the NEPA program's proposed budget is $18.5 million. Improving Environmental Performance through Pollution Prevention, Stewardship and Innovation In FY 2011, EPA is reorienting it innovation programs to accomplish a new Administration priorityenvironmental stewardship strategies that promote a green, revitalized, sustainable economy. This will build from work done in previous years, and actively engage all parts of society (business, communities, government and individuals) in actions to promote actions that improve environmental quality and achieve sustainable results. EPA will draw on its innovation and cross media experience to provide strategic focus analysis and coordination across the Agency, with States and with other Federal agencies. In FY 2011, with a request of $15.4 million, EPA's Pollution Prevention (P2) program will provide technical assistance, information and supporting assessments to encourage the use of greener chemicals, technologies, processes, and products through eight principal programs: Environmentally Preferable Purchasing, Design for the Environment, Green Suppliers Network, Regional Grants, Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange, Partnership for Sustainable Healthcare, Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. In addition, EPA's P2 program will continue to support the new Economy, Energy and Environment (E3) partnership among federal agencies, local governments and manufacturers to promote energy efficiency, job creation and environmental 55 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship improvement Through these efforts, EPA will encourage government and business to adopt source reduction practices that can help to prevent pollution and avoid resulting health and environmental impacts. P2 grants to states and tribes enable them to provide technical assistance, education, and outreach to assist businesses. In FY 2011, through the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program (EPP), the Agency will be a leader in implementing the Federal Electronics Challenge, a partnership that encourages federal agencies to purchase and properly utilize cleaner and safer electronic products. In addition, EPA's Green Suppliers Network Program will continue to work with large manufacturers to engage their small and medium-sized suppliers in low-cost technical reviews that focus on process improvements and waste reduction. Through the Design for the Environment (DfE) and Green Chemistry programs, EPA will remain active in promoting and recognizing the use of greener chemicals, synthetic pathways, and formulations. The DfE Program helped companies reduce the use of more than 460 million pounds of hazardous materials in 2008 alone. In FY 2011, through the National Partnership for Environmental Priorities (NPEP), the Agency will continue to reduce priority chemicals in wastes. As of August 2009, the NPEP program has obtained industry commitments for over eight million pounds of additional chemical reductions through 2014. Reductions will be achieved by recycling and/or source reduction made possible by safer chemical substitutes. In FY 2011, EPA will focus its regulatory innovation work to accomplish a new Administration priority to promote greener, revitalized, sustainable communities and regional and national communities. This approach will help the Agency meet its core mission goals more efficiently by providing more tools and resources to communities and by creating stronger, more resilient communities. This area of work recognizes the importance of coordinating and integrating Agency strategies and address emerging cross-cutting issues to support greener national and local economies. Promoting a Greener Economy During FY 2011, EPA will realign and build upon its prior innovation and cross-media experience with a strategic focus on efforts that help to advance the goal of a greener economy. EPA also is analyzing and promoting new strategies for: energy and natural resource use, materials management, increased sustainability in goods and services, and financial transparency on environmental issues. These new efforts are designed to maximize the longer-term benefits of near-term investments in a cleaner, healthier environment and economy. Program Evaluation EPA uses program evaluation and performance analysis to support evidence-based decisions about which programs protect human health and the environment in the most efficient and the most cost-effective ways. This is particularly important in an era of fiscal responsibility that calls for greater Federal accountability and public transparency 56 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship of our programs. EPA acknowledges that rigorous, independent empirical evidence plays an important role in effective environmental policy and EPA is committed to publicly disseminating complete evaluation findings. In FY 2011, EPA will build evaluation capacity, support a performance management training regimen (online and classroom) which enables EPA staff and managers to use essential tools such as logic modeling and performance measurement, and also support outcomes and impact measurement projects in collaboration with states and other co-regulators. EPA will make available to the public data that enable external evaluators to assess programs. Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country The Administrator's priority on strong partnerships recognizes that Tribes bear important responsibilities for the day-to-day mission of environmental protection. To help address this challenge, in FY 2011, EPA is increasing its support of General Assistance Program (GAP) grants, as well as introducing a new focused multi-media Tribal grant to support implementation efforts. Since adopting the EPA Indian Policy in 1984, EPA has worked with Federally- recognized tribes on a government-to-government basis, in recognition of the Federal government's trust responsibility to Federally-recognized tribes. Under Federal environmental statutes, the Agency is responsible for protecting human health and the environment in Indian country. EPA's American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO) leads an Agency wide effort to work with tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and inter-tribal consortia to fulfill this responsibility. EPA's strategy for achieving this objective has three major components: Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will continue to provide funding through the Indian General Assistance Program so each federally-recognized tribe can establish an environmental presence. Provide Access to Environmental Information: EPA will provide the information tribes need to meet EPA and Tribal environmental priorities, as well as characterize the environmental and public health improvements that result from joint actions. Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide opportunities for the implementation of Tribal environmental programs by tribes, or directly by EPA, as necessary. In FY 2011, EPA will provide $71.4 million in GAP grants (an increase of $8.5 million) to help build Tribal environmental capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize available information, and build an environmental program tailored to tribes' needs. The grants will develop environmental education and outreach programs, develop and implement integrated solid waste management plans, and alert EPA to serious conditions that pose immediate public health and ecological threats. 57 ------- Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship Additionally, the Agency is requesting a new focused $30 million grant program to support the multi-media Tribal implementation program. These grants are tailored to address an individual tribe's most serious environmental needs through the implementation of Federal environmental programs, and will build upon the environmental capacity developed under the GAP. This new grant will advance negotiated environmental plans, measures and results as agreed upon by tribes and EPA, ensuring that tribal environmental priorities are addressed to the fullest extent possible. Enhancing Capacity for Sustainability through Science and Research The Agency proposes $51.4 million in FY 2011 to enhance capacity for sustainability through science and research. With the Administrator's focus on a strong scientific foundation, the research tools and technologies to monitor, prevent, control, and clean up pollution are critical building blocks in our decision-making. EPA's Science and Technology for Sustainability (STS) research program, in accordance with the Agency's policy of scientific integrity,1 provides the scientific foundation for the Agency's actions for the integrated management of air, water, and land resources, as well as changes in traditional methods of creating and distributing goods and services. Since the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, the Agency has increasingly focused on preventative and sustainable approaches to health and environmental problems. EPA's efforts in this area support research specifically designed to address the issue of advancing sustainability goals. The range of research programs and initiatives will both continue the work of better understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as well as advance the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green chemistry and green engineering. In FY 2011, EPA will initiate a new research effort in design methods and management strategies for electronic devices to mitigate human exposure and environmental releases from the recycling and disposal of electronic waste. In addition, EPA will sustain the biofuels research initiative to help decision-makers better understand the risk tradeoffs associated with biofuels production and use. The work will inform the life- cycle analysis and mandatory reporting requirements contained in the Energy Independence and Security Act. The STS research program also will continue efforts aimed at creating a suite of science-based sustainability metrics that are readily understood by the public. This work will address both large and small systems, including the implementation and tracking of sustainability metrics across the biofuels system. 1 For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-Executive- Departments-and-Agencies-3-9-09/. 58 ------- Appendices 59 ------- 60 ------- Resources by Appropriation Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation (Dollars in Thousands) Appropriation Account FY2010 FY2011 change Enacted President's FY 10 EN to Budget Budget FY11 PB Science & Technology (S&T)1 Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) Office of Inspector General (IG)1 $846,049 $846,697 $648 $2,993,779 $2,891,036 ($102,743) $44,791 $45,646 $855 Buildings & Facilities (B&F) Oil Spill Response (OIL) Superfund (SF) - Superfund Programs - Inspector General Transfer - Science & Technology Transfer Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) State & Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) Rescission of Prior Year Funds Agency Total: $37,001 $18,379 $1,306,541 $1, 269, 732 $9,975 $26,834 $113,101 $4,978,223 ($40,000) $10,297,864 $40,001 $18,468 $1,293,060 $1,258,377 $10,156 $24,527 $113,219 $4,781,873 ($10,000) $10,020,000 $3,000 $89 ($13,481) ($11,355) $181 ($2,307) $118 ($196,350) $30,000 ($277,864) Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. FY 10 Resource totals include $8 million in Specified Infrastructure Grants for Hunter's Point, CA. 1 Does not include Superfund transferssee the Superfund line items below for annual amounts. 61 ------- 62 ------- Resources by Program Area Resources by Program Area (Dollars in Thousands) Science & Technology Air Toxics and Quality Climate Protection Program Enforcement Homeland Security (Water Sentinel) (Decontamination) (Laboratory Preparedness and Response) (Safe Bui/ding) Indoor Air IT / Data Management / Security Operations and Administration (Rent) (Utilities) (Security) Pesticides Licensing Research: Clean Air (Research: Global Change) Research: Clean Water Research / Congressional Priorities Research: Human Health and Ecosystems (Research: Computational Toxicology) (Research: Endocrine Disruptor) (Research: Fellowships) Research: Land Protection Research: Sustainability Toxic Research and Prevention Water: Human Health Protection Total, Science & Technology Environmental Program & Management Air Toxics and Quality Brown fields Climate Protection Program (Energy STAR) FY 2009 Actuals $105,383.2 $15,880.0 $14,450.6 $66,320.5 ($16,798.2) ($24,064.7) ($648.8) ($2,181.0) $1,077.5 $3,852.1 $73,519.6 ($36,892.0) ($15,710.5) ($8,812.7) $5,724.0 $107,535.1 ($17,264.1) $108,688.7 $5,282.0 $226,649.6 ($13,710.1) ($9,948.7) ($5,760.7) $11,696.8 $19,445.7 $28,200.0 $3,359.7 $797,065.1 $195,992.8 $23,793.1 $97,184.7 ($39,085.5) FY2010 FY2011 Change Enacted President's FY10 Enacted to Budget Budget FY11 PresBud $121,857.0 $19,797.0 $15,351.0 $65,276.0 ($18,576.0) ($24,857.0) ($499.0) ($1,996.0) $1,215.0 $4,385.0 $72,918.0 ($33,947.0) ($19,177.0) ($10,260.0) $6,566.0 $102,743.0 ($20,826.0) $111,073.0 $5,700.0 $246,786.0 ($20,048.0) ($11,355.0) ($11,083.0) $14,111.0 $27,287.0 $27,347.0 $3,637.0 $846,049.0 $202,160.0 $24,152.0 $113,044.0 ($52,606.0) $124,827.0 $16,940.0 $15,909.0 $51,297.0 ($11,643.0) ($21,703.0) ($0.0) ($0.0) $1,229.0 $4,111.0 $70,495.0 ($30,950.0) ($19,893.0) ($10,349.0) $6,664.0 $107,307.0 ($21,985.0) $121,116.0 $0.0 $256,238.0 ($21,855.0) ($17,378.0) ($17,286.0) $13,800.0 $25,292.0 $27,645.0 $3,827.0 $846,697.0 $220,906.0 $27,397.0 $123,050.0 ($55,475.0) $2,970.0 -$2,857.0 $558.0 -$13,979.0 (-$6,933.0) (-$3,154.0) (-$499.0) (-$1,996.0) $14.0 -$274.0 -$2,423.0 (-$2,997.0) ($716.0) ($89.0) $98.0 $4,564.0 ($1,159.0) $10,043.0 -$5,700.0 $9,452.0 ($1,807.0) ($6,023.0) ($6,203.0) -$311.0 -$1,995.0 $298.0 $190.0 $648.0 $18,746.0 $3,245.0 $10,006.0 ($2,869.0) NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 63 ------- Resources by Program Area Resources by Program Area (Dollars in Thousands) (Methane to markets) (Greenhouse Gas Reporting Registry) Compliance Enforcement (En vironmental Justice) Environmental Protection / Congressional Priorities Geographic Programs Great Lakes Restoration Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay Geographic Program: Great Lakes Geographic Program: San Francisco Bay Geographic Program: Puget Sound Geographic Program: South Florida Geographic Program: Mississippi River Basin Geographic Program: Long Island Sound Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico Geographic Program: Lake Champlain Lake Pontchartrain Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) Geographic Program: Other (other activities) Regional Geographic Initiatives Homeland Security (Decontamination) Indoor Air Information Exchange / Outreach (Children and Other Sensitive Populations: Agency Coordination) (En vironmental Education) International Programs (US Mexico Border) IT / Data Management / Security Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review Operations and Administration (Rent) (Utilities) (Security) Pesticides Licensing Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) FY 2009 Actuals ($3,847.3) ($5,163.1) $132,163.1 $207,461.5 ($5,460.3) $4,983.5 $83,116.5 $0.0 $26,317.8 $22,026.9 $4,922.0 $11,256.6 $2,279.6 $0.0 $3,072.9 $4,837.5 $3,147.5 $970.0 $2,842.1 $1,411.1 $32.5 $23,523.1 ($1,316.7) $29,682.3 $127,458.3 ($6,832.4) ($8,762.9) $19,805.6 ($5,621.8) $95,374.8 $121,785.5 $493,948.7 ($155,471.0) ($6,585.1) ($24,545.2) $118,340.4 $119,330.3 FY2010 Enacted Budget ($4,569.0) ($16,685.0) $134,582.0 $224,899.0 ($7,090.0) $16,950.0 $608,441.0 $475,000.0 $50,000.0 $0.0 $7,000.0 $50,000.0 $2,168.0 $0.0 $7,000.0 $6,000.0 $4,000.0 $1,500.0 $2,448.0 $3,325.0 $0.0 $23,554.0 ($3,522.0) $26,625.0 $130,800.0 ($7,100.0) ($9,038.0) $19,824.0 ($4,969.0) $103,322.0 $123,597.0 $498,410.0 ($157,040.0) ($13,514.0) ($27,997.0) $120,132.0 $123,250.0 FY2011 Change President's FY10 Enacted to Budget FY11 PresBud ($4,5910) ($20,750.0) $110,467.0 $264,908.0 ($7,317.0) $0.0 $416,141.0 $300,000.0 $62,957.0 $0.0 $5,000.0 $20,000.0 $2,148.0 $12,400.0 $3,000.0 $4,515.0 $1,434.0 $978.0 $2,448.0 $1,261.0 $0.0 $15,142.0 ($2,012.0) $27,771.0 $143,208.0 ($10,159.0) ($6,448.0) $19,940.0 ($4,979.0) $105,090.0 $130,478.0 $521,112.0 ($169,915.0) ($13,409.0) ($30,901.0) $123,703.0 $122,736.0 ($22.0) ($4,065.0) -$24,115.0 $40,009.0 ($227.0) -$16,950.0 -$192,300.0 -$175,000.0 $12,957.0 $0.0 -$2,000.0 -$30,000.0 -$20.0 $12,400.0 -$4,000.0 -$1 ,485.0 -$2,566.0 -$522.0 $0.0 -$2,064.0 $0.0 -$8,412.0 (-$1,510.0) $1,146.0 $12,408.0 ($3,059.0) (-$2,590.0) $116.0 ($10.0) $1,768.0 $6,881.0 $22,702.0 ($12,875.0) (-$105.0) ($2,904.0) $3,571.0 -$514.0 NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 64 ------- Resources by Program Area Resources by Program Area (Dollars in Thousands) Toxics Risk Review and Prevention (Endocrine Disrupters) Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) Water: Ecosystems Great Lakes Legacy Act National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways Wetlands Water: Human Health Protection Water Quality Protection Total, Environmental Program & Management Inspector General Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations Total, Inspector General Building and Facilities Homeland Security Operations and Administration Total, Building and Facilities Hazardous Substance Superfund Air Toxics and Quality Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations Compliance Enforcement (En vironmental Justice) (Superfund: Enforcement) (Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement) Homeland Security (Decontamination) (Laboratory Preparedness and Response) Information Exchange / Outreach IT / Data Management / Security Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review FY 2009 Actuals $100,229.1 ($10,937.0) $13,581.6 $82,989.5 $32,782.7 $27,082.7 $23,124.1 $101,352.6 $213,699.7 $2,405,796.7 $40,605.1 $40,605.1 $8,559.9 $29,282.8 $37,842.7 $2,299.2 $10,314.2 $1,416.5 $195,000.2 ($624.6) ($172,412.0) ($9,265.5) $58,450.0 ($8,954.3) ($8,933.2) $929.7 $18,279.3 $2,086.1 FY2010 Enacted Budget $101,915.0 ($8,625.0) $12,424.0 $58,507.0 $0.0 $32,567.0 $25,940.0 $105,168.0 $222,023.0 $2,993,779.0 $44,791.0 $44,791.0 $8,070.0 $28,931.0 $37,001.0 $2,495.0 $9,975.0 $1,216.0 $195,448.0 ($795.0) ($172,668.0) ($10,570.0) $56,534.0 ($10,996.0) ($9,626.0) $1,433.0 $17,872.0 $1,639.0 FY2011 Change President's FY10 Enacted to Budget FY11 PresBud $100,513.0 ($8,601.0) $14,647.0 $55,464.0 $0.0 $27,233.0 $28,231 .0 $108,302.0 $240,061.0 $2,891,036.0 $45,646.0 $45,646.0 $8,070.0 $31,931.0 $40,001.0 $2,593.0 $10,156.0 $1,220.0 $198,890.0 ($806.0) ($176,532.0) ($10,909.0) $43,468.0 ($7,011.0) ($5,838.0) $1,433.0 $17,448.0 $1,665.0 -$1,402.0 (-$24.0) $2,223.0 -$3,043.0 $0.0 -$5,334.0 $2,291.0 $3,134.0 $18,038.0 -$102,743.0 $855.0 $855.0 $0.0 $3,000.0 $3,000.0 $98.0 $181.0 $4.0 $3,442.0 ($11.0) ($3,864.0) ($339.0) -$13,066.0 (-$3,985.0) (-$3,788.0) $0.0 -$424.0 $26.0 NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 65 ------- Resources by Program Area Resources by Program Area (Dollars in Thousands) Operations and Administration (Rent) (Utilities) (Security) Research: Human Health and Ecosystems Research: Land Protection Research: Sustainability Superfund Cleanup Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness Superfund: Federal Facilities Superfund: Remedial Superfund: Support to Other Federal Agencies Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Compliance IT / Data Management / Security Operations and Administration (Rent) Research: Land Protection Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) (LUST/UST) (LUST Cooperative Agreements) (EPAct & Related Authorities Implementation) Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Oil Spill Response Compliance Enforcement IT / Data Management / Security Oil Operations and Administration (Rent) Research: Land Protection Total, Oil Spill Response FY 2009 Actuals $130,294.3 ($45,0718) ($1837.0) ($6,056.1) $3,776.4 $19,010.1 $96.0 $943,460.2 $224,789.2 $9,934.8 $32,761 .5 $669,293.0 $6,575.0 $1,385,412.2 $802.4 $164.3 $2,147.9 ($696.0) $424.1 $109,725.3 ($10,874.5) ($61,419.3) ($37,431.5) $113,264.0 $293.5 $2,060.5 $36.3 $14,445.6 $576.1 ($538.0) $382.8 $17,794.8 FY2010 Enacted Budget $139,181.0 ($44,300.0) ($3,397.0) ($8,299.0) $3,404.0 $21,191.0 $73.0 $856,080.0 $202,330.0 $9,632.0 $32,105.0 $605,438.0 $6,575.0 $1,306,541.0 $797.0 $162.0 $2,184.0 ($696.0) $345.0 $109,613.0 ($11,613.0) ($63,570.0) ($34,430.0) $113,101.0 $269.0 $1,998.0 $24.0 $14,944.0 $505.0 ($438.0) $639.0 $18,379.0 FY2011 President's Budget $138,307.0 ($41,888.0) ($3,749.0) ($8,412.0) $3,350.0 $19,069.0 $0.0 $855,461.0 $202,784.0 $9,776.0 $31,543.0 $605,438.0 $5,920.0 $1,293,060.0 $0.0 $0.0 $2,131.0 ($696.0) $457.0 $109,784.0 ($12,162.0) ($63,192.0) ($34,430.0) $113,219.0 $139.0 $2,559.0 $0.0 $14,547.0 $534.0 ($438.0) $689.0 $18,468.0 Change FY10 Enacted to FY11 PresBud -$874.0 (-$2,412.0) ($352.0) ($113.0) -$54.0 -$2,122.0 -$73.0 -$619.0 $454.0 $144.0 -$562.0 $0.0 -$655.0 -$13,481.0 -$797.0 -$162.0 -$53.0 ($0.0) $112.0 $171.0 ($549.0) (-$378.0) ($0.0) $118.0 -$130.0 $561.0 -$24.0 -$397.0 $29.0 ($0.0) $50.0 $89.0 NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 66 ------- Resources by Program Area Resources by Program Area (Dollars in Thousands) State and Tribal Assistance Grants Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF Congressionally Mandated Projects Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages Brownfields Projects Clean School Bus Initiative Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program Targeted Airshed Grants Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border Infrastructure Assistance: Puerto Rico Categorical Grants Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection Categorical Grant: Brownfields Categorical Grant: Environmental Information Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Categorical Grant: Homeland Security Categorical Grant: Lead Categorical Grant: Local Govt Climate Change Categorical Grants: Multi-Media Tribal Implementation Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319) Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106) (Monitoring Grants) Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Categorical Grant: Radon Categorical Grant: Sector Program Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management Categorical Grant: Targeted Watersheds Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control (UIC) FY 2009 Actuals $706,139.0 $865,448.7 $124,409.3 $18,438.4 $101,918.0 $45.3 $29,367.3 $15,000.0 $12,911.8 $3,849.0 $1,119,113.3 $9,905.2 $50,586.9 $12,628.5 $102,332.3 $5,916.9 $14,295.1 $0.0 $0.0 $214,498.2 $19,208.7 $12,772.0 $216,836.3 ($12,975.8) $4,932.3 $99,440.1 $8,370.4 $2,717.7 $223,541 .5 $8,946.4 $5,276.9 $13,962.5 $61,681.1 $11,332.4 FY2010 Enacted Budget $2,100,000.0 $1,387,000.0 $156,777.0 $13,000.0 $100,000.0 $0.0 $60,000.0 $20,000.0 $17,000.0 $0.0 $1,116,446.0 $9,900.0 $49,495.0 $10,000.0 $103,346.0 $0.0 $14,564.0 $10,000.0 $0.0 $200,857.0 $18,711.0 $13,520.0 $229,264.0 ($18,500.0) $4,940.0 $105,700.0 $8,074.0 $0.0 $226,580.0 $0.0 $5,099.0 $13,300.0 $62,875.0 $10,891.0 FY2011 President's Budget $2,000,000.0 $1,287,000.0 $0.0 $10,000.0 $138,254.0 $0.0 $60,000.0 $0.0 $10,000.0 $0.0 $1,276,619.0 $9,900.0 $49,495.0 $10,200.0 $105,412.0 $0.0 $14,855.0 $0.0 $30,000.0 $200,857.0 $19,085.0 $13,690.0 $274,264.0 ($23,500.0)' $5,039.0 $105,700.0 $8,074.0 $0.0 $309,080.0 $0.0 $5,201.0 $13,566.0 $71,375.0 $11,109.0 Change FY10 Enacted to FY11 PresBud -$100,000.0 -$100,000.0 -$156,777.0 -$3,000.0 $38,254.0 $0.0 $0.0 -$20,000.0 -$7,000.0 $0.0 $160,173.0 $0.0 $0.0 $200.0 $2,066.0 $0.0 $291 .0 -$10,000.0 $30,000.0 $0.0 $374.0 $170.0 $45,000.0 ($5,000.0)' $99.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $82,500.0 $0.0 $102.0 $266.0 $8,500.0 $218.0 NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. "Corrects President's Budget Funding Levels from printed version. 67 ------- Resources by Program Area Resources by Program Area (Dollars in Thousands) Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks Categorical Grant: Wastewater Operator Training Categorical Grant: Water Quality Cooperative Agreements Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants SUBTOTAL, EPA (Excludes Rescission to Prior Year Funds) Rescission to Prior Year Funds 1 SUBTOTAL, EPA Specified Infrastructure Grants: Hunter's Point, California 2 SUBTOTAL, EPA + Specified Infrastructure Grants Recovery Act Resources TOTAL, EPA + Specified Infrastructure Grants FY 2009 Actuals $4,549.5 $23.3 $14.0 $15,345.1 $2,996,640.1 $7,794,420.7 $0.0 $7,794,420.7 $8,000.0 $7,802,420.7 $7,100,098.3 $14,902,519.0 FY2010 Enacted Budget $2,500.0 $0.0 $0.0 $16,830.0 $4,970,223.0 $10,329,864.0 -$40,000.0 $10,289,864.0 $8,000.0 $10,297,864.0 $0.0 $10,297,864.0 FY2011 President's Budget $2,550.0 $0.0 $0.0 $17,167.0 $4,781,873.0 $10,030,000.0 -$10,000.0 $10,020,000.0 $0.0 $10,020,000.0 $0.0 $10,020,000.0 Change FY10 Enacted to FY11 PresBud $50.0 $0.0 $0.0 $337.0 -$188,350.0 -$299,864.0 $30,000.0 -$269,864.0 -$8,000.0 -$277,864.0 $0.0 -$277,864.0 Notes: FY 2009 Actuals include obligations of carryover. FY 2010 and FY 2011 resource totals do not include estimated ARRA obligations. 1 $10M rescission implemented in FY 2009 against prior year funds. 2 Hunter's Point funds transferred to Department of the Navy 3rd Quarter FY 2009. NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 68 ------- Categorical Grants Categorical Program Grants (STAG) by National Program and State Grant (Dollars in Thousands) NPM / Grant Air & Radiation State and Local Assistance Tribal Air Quality Management Radon Local Government Climate Change Water Pollution Control (Section 106) Beaches Protection Nonpoint Source (Section 319) Wetlands Program Development Targeted Watersheds Wastewater Operator Training Water Quality Cooperative Agreements Drinking Water Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Underground Injection Control (UIC) Homeland Security Hazardous Waste H.W. Financial Assistance Brownfields Underground Storage Tanks Pesticides & Toxics Pesticides Program Implementation Lead Toxic Substances Compliance Pesticides Enforcement Multimedia Environmental Information Pollution Prevention Sector Program (Enf & Comp Assurance) Tribal General Assistance Program Tribal Implementation Total Categorical Grants FY 2009 Actuals $223,542 $13,963 $8,370 $0 $245,874 $216,836 $9,905 $214,498 $15,345 $8,946 $23 $14 $465,569 $99,440 $11,332 $5,917 $116,689 $102,332 $50,587 $4,550 $157,469 $12,772 $14,295 $5,277 $19,209 $51,553 $12,629 $4,932 $2,718 $61 ,681 $0 $81,960 $1,119,113 FY2010 Enacted $226,580 $13,300 $8,074 $10,000 $257,954 $229,264 $9,900 $200,857 $16,830 $0 $0 $0 $456,851 $105,700 $10,891 $0 $116,591 $103,346 $49,495 $2,500 $155,341 $13,520 $14,564 $5,099 $18,711 $51,894 $10,000 $4,940 $0 $62,875 $0 $77,815 $1,116,446 FY2011 PresBud $309,080 $13,566 $8,074 $0 $330,720 $274,264 $9,900 $200,857 $17,167 $0 $0 $0 $502,188 $105,700 $11,109 $0 $116,809 $105,412 $49,495 $2,550 $157,457 $13,690 $14,855 $5,201 $19,085 $52,831 $10,200 $5,039 $0 $71 ,375 $30,000 $116,614 $1,276,619 Delta FY11 PB- FY10EN $82,500 $266 $0 ($10,000) $72,766 $45,000 $0 $0 $337 $0 $0 $0 $45,337 $0 $218 $0 $218 $2,066 $0 $50 $2,116 $170 $291 $102 $374 $937 $200 $99 $0 $8,500 $30,000 $38,799 $160,173 % Change 36.4% 2.0% 0.0% -100.0% 28.2% 19.6% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.9% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.2% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 1.4% 1.3% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.8% 2.0% 2.0% 0.0% 13.5% 0.0% 49.9% 14.3%| Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. FY 2009 Actuals include obligations of carryover. NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding. 69 ------- 70 ------- Categorical Grants Categorical Grants Program (STAG) (Dollars in millions) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN PB *Does not account for the 2006 $80.0 million rescission. (EN - Enacted, PB - President's Budget) Categorical Grants In FY 2011, EPA requests a total of $1.276 billion for 20 "categorical" program grants for state, interstate organizations, non-profit organizations, intertribal consortia, and Tribal governments. This includes a short-term increase of $130.2 million that will support states during this period of constrained budgets and support growth in workload as a result of recent regulatory actions such as NAAQS revisions and new requirements for construction site runoff. In addition, the agency is proposing a new multimedia grant for tribes to support environmental program implementations. EPA will continue to pursue its strategy of building and supporting state, local and Tribal capacity to implement, operate, and enforce the nation's environmental laws. Most environmental laws envision establishment of a decentralized nationwide structure to protect public health and the environment. In this way, environmental goals will ultimately be achieved through the actions, programs, and commitments of state, Tribal and local governments, organizations and citizens. In FY 2011, EPA will continue to offer flexibility to state and Tribal governments to manage their environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial assistance to achieve mutual environmental goals. First, EPA and its state and Tribal partners will continue implementing the National Environmental Performance Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS is designed to allow states more flexibility to operate their programs, while increasing emphasis on measuring and reporting environmental improvements. Second, Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs) will continue to allow states and tribes funding flexibility to combine categorical program grants to address environmental priorities. 71 ------- Categorical Grants To facilitate environmental program implementation on Tribal lands, in FY 2011 EPA will for the first time offer a multi-media grant to Tribal governments. This new grant will support tribes as they address critical needs and allow them to implement their highest priority environmental programs. Also, to help improve EPA's grants management, the Agency is working with the states to establish a standardized template for states to use in developing and submitting their workplans for continuing environmental program grants. Based on experience with initial template strategies gained in FY 2007 and FY 2008, EPA will continue to partner with states on implementation in FY 2011. HIGHLIGHTS: State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality Management Grants The FY 2011 request includes $330.7 million for grants to support state, local, and Tribal air management and radon programs, an increase of $82.5 million. Grant funds for State and Local Air Quality Management and Tribal Air Quality Management are requested in the amounts of $309.0 million and $13.6 million, respectively. These funds provide resources to multi-state, state, local, and Tribal air pollution control agencies for the development and implementation of programs for the prevention and control of air pollution and for the implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set to protect public health and the environment. In FY 2011, EPA will continue to work with state and local air pollution control agencies to develop or implement state implementation plans (SIPs) for NAAQS (including the 8-hour ozone standard, the fine particle (PM-2.5) standard, the lead standard) and also for regional haze. In addition, EPA will continue support of state and local operation of the 27-site National Air Toxics Trends Stations network. EPA will work with federally-recognized Tribal governments nationwide to continue development and implementation of Tribal air quality management programs. Tribes are active in protection of air quality for the 4 percent of the land mass of the United States over which they have sovereignty, and work closely with EPA to monitor and report air quality information from over 300 monitors. Lastly, this request includes $8.1 million for Radon grants to continue funding priority activities that reduce health risks. These activities include reducing radon levels in existing homes and promoting the construction of new homes with radon reducing features. 72 ------- Categorical Grants Pesticide Enforcement and Toxics Substance Compliance Grants The FY 2011 request includes $24.3 million to build environmental enforcement partnerships with states and tribes and to strengthen their ability to address environmental and public health threats. The enforcement state grants request consists of $19.1 million for Pesticides Enforcement and $5.2 million for Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants. State and Tribal enforcement grants will be awarded to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants support state and Tribal compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides. Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, EPA provides resources to states and Indian tribes to conduct FIFRA compliance inspections and take appropriate enforcement actions and implement programs for farm worker protection. The program also sponsors training for state and tribal inspectors through the Pesticide Inspector Residential Program (PIRT) and for state and tribal managers through the Pesticide Regulatory Education Program (PREP). Under the Toxic Substances Compliance Grant program, states receive funding for compliance inspections of asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). States also received funding for implementation of the state lead-base paint certification and training, and abatement notification compliance and enforcement program. The funds will complement other Federal program grants for building state capacity for lead abatement, and enhancing compliance with disclosure, certification and training requirements. Pesticides Program Implementation Grants The FY 2011 request includes $13.7 million for Pesticides Program Implementation grants. These resources will assist states, tribes, and partners with pesticide worker safety activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of environmental stewardship approaches to pesticide use. In addition, the Agency provides grants to promote stronger Tribal pesticide programs. EPA's mission as related to pesticides is to protect human health and the environment from pesticide risk and to realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social and environmental costs and benefits of the use of pesticides. Pesticides Program Implementation Grants help state programs stay current with changing requirements. Lead Grants The FY 2011 request includes $14.9 million for Lead grants. This funding will support the development of authorized programs, including work under the new Lead Rule, in both states and tribes to prevent lead poisoning through the training of workers who remove lead-based paint, the accreditation of training programs, the certification of contractors, and renovation education programs. Another activity that this funding will support is the collection of lead data to determine the nature and extent of the lead 73 ------- Categorical Grants problem within an area so that states, tribes and the Agency can better target remaining areas of high risk. EPA recognizes that additional attention and assistance must be given to vulnerable populations including those with rates of lead poisoning in excess of the national average. In FY 2011, EPA will continue to award Targeted Grants to Reduce Childhood Lead Poisoning. These grants are available to a wide range of applicants, including state and local governments, Federally-recognized Indian tribes and intertribal consortia, territories, institutions of higher learning, and nonprofit organizations. In addition, EPA will continue a grant program initiated in FY 2007 which focuses on low- income communities through grants to national organizations engaged in working with these communities. This grant program is designed to help national and community organizations reach under-served populations that may have a disproportionate number of children with elevated blood lead levels. Pollution Prevention Grants The FY 2011 request includes $5.0 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The program provides grant funds to deliver technical assistance to small and medium-sized businesses. The goal is to assist businesses and industries with identifying improved environmental strategies and solutions for reducing waste at the source. The program demonstrates that source reduction can be a cost-effective way of meeting or exceeding Federal and state regulatory requirements. In FY 2011, EPA is targeting a reduction of 1.8 billion pounds of hazardous materials, saving $1.5 billion dollars, conserving 24.9 billion gallons of water, and reducing 11.6 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Environmental Information Grants In FY 2011, EPA requests $10.2 million to continue the Environmental Information Exchange Network (Exchange Network) grant program. Started in 2002, the Exchange Network grant program provides states, territories, and tribes with assistance developing the information management and technology (IM/IT) capabilities they need to take full advantage of the potential benefits provided by the Exchange Network. Enhancing and expanding the Network improves environmental decision making and improves data quality, timeliness and accessibility while reducing the burden on those who provide it. Now that all 50 states, seven tribes, and one territory have nodes, the emphasis since FY 2009 has shifted from building-out IT infrastructure to upgrading technology and expanding environmental information management and exchange. Exchange Network grants also support the work of the Environmental Council of the States and the National Congress of American Indians, both of which are representatives of their respective environmental communities as well as conveners and information disseminators. 74 ------- Categorical Grants State and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program The FY 2011 request includes $2.6 million for Underground Storage Tank (LIST) grants. In FY 2011, EPA will make grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, available to support core program activities as well as the leak prevention activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). In FY 2011, EPA will continue to focus attention on the need to bring all LIST systems into compliance with release detection and release prevention requirements, and implement the provisions of EPAct. States will continue to use the LIST categorical grant funding to implement their leak prevention and detection programs. Specifically with these LIST categorical grants, states will fund such activities as: Seeking state program approval to operate the LIST program in lieu of the Federal program, approving specific technologies to detect leaks from tanks, ensuring that tank owners and operators are complying with notification and other requirements, ensuring equipment compatibility, conducting inspections, implementing operator training, prohibiting delivery for non- complying facilities, and requiring secondary containment or financial responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants In FY 2011, EPA requests $105.4. million for Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for the implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program, which includes permitting, authorization, waste minimization, enforcement, and corrective action activities. In FY 2011, EPA expects to increase the number of hazardous waste facilities with new or updated controls to prevent releases by 100 facilities. By the end of FY 2011, EPA and the authorized states also will control human exposures to contamination at 72 percent of the 2020 universe of 3,746 facilities that may need cleanup under the RCRA Corrective Action Program. EPA also will control migration of contaminated groundwater at 64 percent of these facilities, and complete the construction of final remedies at 38 percent of these facilities. Brownfields Grants In FY 2011, EPA requests $49.5 million to continue the Brownfields grant program that provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state and Tribal response programs. This funding will help states and tribes develop legislation, regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish or enhance the administrative and legal structure of their response programs. In addition, grant funding will support technical outreach to address environmental justice issues and Brownfields research. 75 ------- Categorical Grants Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants The FY 2011 EPA request includes $274.3 million for Water Pollution Control grants. The $45 million increase will strengthen the base state, interstate and Tribal programs, address emerging water quality issues such as nutrients and new regulatory requirements, and support expanded water monitoring and enforcement efforts. This grant program assists state and Tribal efforts to restore and maintain the quality of the nation's water quality standards, improving water quality monitoring and assessment, implementing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and other watershed-related plans, strengthening the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program, implementing practices to reduce pollution from all nonpoint sources, and supporting sustainable water infrastructure. EPA will work with states to implement the new rules governing discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). States and authorized tribes will continue to review and update their water quality standards as required by the Clean Water Act. EPA encourages states to continually review and update the water quality criteria in their standards to reflect the latest scientific information from EPA and other sources. EPA's goal for FY 2011 is that 64.3 percent of states will have updated their standards to reflect the latest scientific information in the past three years. In FY 2011, $23.5 million will be designated for states and tribes that participate in collecting statistically valid water monitoring data and implement enhancements in their water monitoring programs. Wetlands Grants In FY 2011, the request includes $17.2 million for Wetlands Program grants. Through Wetlands Program Development Grants, states, tribes, and local governments receive technical and financial assistance. These grants support development of state and Tribal wetland programs that further the goals of the CWA and improve water quality in watersheds throughout the country. Public Water System Supervision Grants In FY 2011, EPA requests $105.7 million for Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) grants. These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce National Primary Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water resources and to protect public health. In FY 2011, the Agency will emphasize that states use their PWSS funds to ensure that drinking water systems of all sizes achieve or remain in compliance and drinking water systems of all sizes are meeting new and existing regulatory requirements, e.g., Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and Ground Water Rule. Tribal General Assistance Program Grants In FY 2011, EPA will provide $71.4 million in GAP grants, an increase of $8.5 million, to help build Tribal environmental capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize available information, and build an environmental program tailored to tribes' needs. The 76 ------- Categorical Grants grants will develop environmental education and outreach programs, develop and implement integrated solid waste management plans, and alert EPA to serious conditions that pose immediate public health and ecological threats. Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants The FY 2011, EPA requests $11.1 million for the Underground Injection Control grants program. Ensuring safe underground injection of waste materials is a fundamental component of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are provided to states that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and maintain UIC programs. EPA and the states will continue to address Classes I, II, and III existing wells determined to be in significant violation and Class V wells determined to be in violation in FY 2011. EPA and the states also will close or permit Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal wells (Class V) identified during FY 2011. In addition, states and EPA will process UIC permit applications for experimental carbon sequestration projects and gather information from these pilots to facilitate the permitting of large scale commercial carbon sequestration in the future. BEACH Act Grants The FY 2011 request includes $9.9 million for the 35 states and territories with Great Lakes or coastal shorelines to protect public health at the Nation's beaches. The Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) of October 2000 authorizes EPA to award grants to help eligible states and territories develop and implement beach bacteria monitoring and notification programs. These programs inform the public about the risk of exposure to disease-causing microorganisms in coastal waters (including the Great Lakes). Non-Point Source Program Grants (NFS - Clean Water Act Section 319) In FY 2011, EPA requests $200.9 million for Nonpoint Source Program grants to states, territories, and tribes. These grants enable states to use a range of tools to implement their programs including: both non-regulatory and regulatory programs, technical assistance, financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer, and demonstration projects. The request also eliminates the statutory one-third of one- percent cap on Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants that may be awarded to tribes. EPA's goal is to reduce annually the amount of runoff of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment through 319-funded projects by 4.5 million pounds, 8.5 million pounds, and 700,000 tons, respectively. Multi-Media Tribal Implementation Grants In FY 2011, EPA requests $30.0 million for a new multi-media grant program, which will be tailored to address an individual tribe's most serious environmental needs through the implementation of Federal environmental programs. These grants will build upon the environmental capacity developed under the Indian General Assistance Program (GAP). 77 ------- Categorical Grants This new grant will advance negotiated environmental plans, measures and results as agreed upon by tribes and EPA, ensuring tribal environmental priorities are addressed to the fullest extent possible. 78 ------- SRF Obligations by State Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources State-by-State distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations Fiscal Years 2009 to 2011 - Dollars in Thousands The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA's two largest State and Tribal Grant Programs, the Clean Water State Revolving Fund and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. These tables do not reflect total resources that EPA provides to individual states. 79 ------- SRF Obligations by State Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) (Dollars in Thousands) STATE Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands, U.S. Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Tribal Resources Undistributed National Resources TOTAL: FY 2009 ACT. OBLIG. $7,685.9 $4,113.8 $200.0 $6,157.9 $100.0 $50,490.0 $5,498.2 $8,420.5 $100.0 $109.5 $26,182.2 $11,621.6 $446.5 $114.7 $3,374.3 $30,775.8 $16,747.7 $18,505.2 $6,204.3 $8,748.1 $11,952.4 $5,320.8 $16,624.3 $23,339.6 $29,554.8 $12,633.5 $6,192.7 $19,354.8 $8,374.3 $3,521 .8 $100.0 $13,638.0 $28,088.2 $4,187.2 $82,054.8 $124.1 $6,648.6 $200.0 $76,616.7 $661 .7 $7,724.7 $272.3 $18,440.8 $100.0 $7,041 .6 $3,460.5 $9,985.0 $31 ,433.5 $3,621 .6 $3,374.3 $0.0 $14,135.3 $11,971.4 $10,715.0 $18,582.3 $3,374.3 $6,341 .4 $61.8 $705,420.3 FY 2009 ARRA ACT. OBLIG. $44,264.2 $23,691.9 $3,554.0 $26,737.0 $25,895.0 $283,080.5 $31 ,664.8 $48,495.3 $19,433.4 $14,573.0 $133,622.6 $66,930.6 $2,571 .5 $30,658.9 $19,433.4 $179,033.4 $95,401 .5 $53,575.8 $35,731.5 $50,381.9 $43,516.2 $30,643.2 $95,742.0 $134,401.2 $170,211.1 $83,291.6 $35,665.0 $109,739.2 $19,433.4 $20,247.5 $19,433.4 $39,559.5 $161,764.5 $19,433.3 $436,933.4 $71 ,443.5 $16,833.4 $1,651.7 $222,851 .9 $31 ,981 .8 $44,718.2 $156,805.6 $51 ,630.5 $26,580.4 $40,553.7 $19,433.4 $57,505.5 $180,932.6 $20,858.6 $19,433.4 $1,962.7 $81,013.4 $68,840.5 $61,709.2 $107,018.5 $19,433.4 $60,000.0 $0.0 $3,971,936.6 FY2010 EST. OBLIG. $23,013.0 $12,317.0 $11,129.0 $13,901.0 $13,463.0 $147,193.0 $16,463.0 $25,213.0 $10,103.0 $10,103.0 $69,471 .0 $34,797.0 $8,052.0 $15,940.0 $10,103.0 $93,080.0 $49,600.0 $27,854.0 $18,577.0 $26,194.0 $22,624.0 $15,932.0 $49,777.0 $69,876.0 $88,493.0 $37,827.0 $18,542.0 $57,054.0 $10,103.0 $10,527.0 $10,103.0 $20,567.0 $84,102.0 $10,103.0 $227,170.0 $37,144.0 $10,103.0 $5,172.0 $115,861.0 $16,627.0 $23,249.0 $81 ,524.0 $26,843.0 $13,819.0 $21 ,084.0 $10,103.0 $29,897.0 $94,067.0 $10,844.0 $10,103.0 $6,459.0 $42,119.0 $35,791.0 $32,083.0 $55,639.0 $10,103.0 $42,000.0 $0.0 $2,100,000.0 FY2011 EST. OBLIG. $21,917.0 $11,731.0 $10,619.0 $13,238.0 $12,822.0 $140,180.0 $15,678.0 $24,012.0 $9,622.0 $9,622.0 $66,161.0 $33,139.0 $7,683.0 $15,180.0 $9,622.0 $88,645.0 $47,236.0 $26,527.0 $17,692.0 $24,946.0 $21 ,546.0 $15,172.0 $47,405.0 $66,546.0 $84,277.0 $36,025.0 $17,659.0 $54,335.0 $9,622.0 $10,025.0 $9,622.0 $19,587.0 $80,095.0 $9,622.0 $216,345.0 $35,374.0 $9,622.0 $4,935.0 $110,341.0 $15,835.0 $22,141.0 $77,639.0 $25,564.0 $13,161.0 $20,079.0 $9,622.0 $28,473.0 $89,585.0 $10,328.0 $9,622.0 $6,163.0 $40,112.0 $34,085.0 $30,554.0 $52,988.0 $9,622.0 $40,000.0 $0.0 $2,000,000.0 Note: Estimated Obligations are based on the FY 2010 Enacted Budget and the FY 2011 President's Budget. 80 ------- SRF Obligations by State Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) (Dollars in Thousands) STATE Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands, U.S. Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Tribal Resources Undistributed National Resources TOTAL: FY 2009 ACT. OBLIG. $8,146.0 $0.0 $1,434.5 $24,794.0 $10,229.0 $133,107.7 $14,350.0 $0.0 $10,385.7 $0.0 $36,792.0 $22,882.0 $885.4 $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $33,226.0 $11,487.0 $10,148.0 $8,146.0 $8,543.0 $11,540.0 $8,146.0 $14,266.5 $21,813.0 $28,178.0 $14,667.0 $8,146.0 $15,816.0 $1,473.8 $8,248.3 $0.0 $8,146.0 $18,027.0 $8,146.0 $36,265.0 $27,414.0 $8,146.0 $1,012.8 $24,421 .0 $13,151.0 $11,912.0 $31,905.3 $0.0 $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $8,454.0 $67,166.8 $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $0.0 $17,352.9 $17,464.0 $8,280.2 $15,770.0 $8,146.0 $8,362.6 $2,033.2 $865,448.7 FY 2009 ARRA ACT. OBLIG. $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $483.0 $55,340.0 $24,485.0 $159,008.0 $34,352.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $88,074.0 $54,775.0 $2,124.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $79,538.0 $27,212.0 $24,293.0 $19,500.0 $20,450.0 $27,626.0 $19,500.0 $26,832.0 $52,216.0 $67,454.0 $24,577.0 $19,500.0 $37,862.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $43,154.0 $19,500.0 $86,811.0 $65,625.0 $19,500.0 $1,829.0 $58,460.0 $31,481.0 $28,515.0 $65,681 .0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $20,238.0 $160,656.0 $19,500.0 $19,500.0 $1 ,999.0 $20,761 .0 $41,806.0 $19,500.0 $37,750.0 $19,500.0 $30,000.0 $0.0 $1,969,467.0 FY2010 EST. OBLIG. $16,823.0 $13,573.0 $2,057.0 $27,259.0 $20,539.0 $126,958.0 $24,074.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $44,316.0 $32,071.0 $5,138.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $51,230.0 $22,638.0 $23,169.0 $16,605.0 $19,592.0 $25,649.0 $13,573.0 $21,059.0 $25,303.0 $41,226.0 $22,776.0 $14,125.0 $26,234.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $28,995.0 $13,573.0 $89,427.0 $35,593.0 $13,573.0 $6,148.0 $43,610.0 $16,863.0 $13,573.0 $39,766.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $15,084.0 $86,254.0 $13,573.0 $13,573.0 $7,016.0 $23,008.0 $34,650.0 $13,573.0 $23,399.0 $13,573.0 $27,740.0 $2,000.0 $1,387,000.0 FY2011 EST. OBLIG. $15,608.0 $12,593.0 $0.0 $25,290.0 $19,056.0 $117,792.0 $22,335.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $41,116.0 $29,755.0 $0.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $47,531.0 $21,003.0 $21,496.0 $15,406.0 $18,178.0 $23,797.0 $12,593.0 $19,538.0 $23,476.0 $38,250.0 $21,132.0 $13,105.0 $24,340.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $26,901.0 $12,593.0 $82,970.0 $33,023.0 $12,593.0 $0.0 $40,461 .0 $15,646.0 $12,593.0 $36,894.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $13,995.0 $80,026.0 $12,593.0 $12,593.0 $0.0 $21,347.0 $32,148.0 $12,593.0 $21,710.0 $12,593.0 $25,740.0 $20,889.0 $1,287,000.0 Note: Estimated Obligations are based on the FY 2010 Enacted Budget and the FY 2011 President's Budget. 81 ------- 82 ------- Infrastructure Financing Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing (Dollars in Thousands) Type / Grant Clean Water State Revolving Fund Drinking Water State Revolving Fund State Revolvinq Funds Mexico Border Alaska Native Villages Special Needs Projects Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program* Targeted Airshed Grants Brownfields Projects Specified Infrastructure Grants Infrastructure Assistance Total Hunter's Point, California Total: Infrastructure Assistance + Specified Infrastructure Grants for Hunter's Point FY2010 Enacted $2,100,000 $1,387,000 $3,487,000 $17,000 $13,000 $30,000 $60,000 $20,000 $100,000 $156,777 $3,853,777 $8,000 $3,861,777 FY2011 PresBud $2,000,000 $1,287,000 $3,287,000 $10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $60,000 $0 $138,254 $0 $3,505,254 $0 $3,505,254 Delta FY11 PB- FY10EN -$100,000 -$100,000 -$200,000 -$7,000 -$3,000 -$10,000 $0 -$20,000 $38,254 -$156,777 -$348,523 -$8,000 -$356,523 * Formerly the Clean School Bus Initiative. Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds The 2011 President's Budget includes a total of $3.5 billion for EPA's Infrastructure programs in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) account. This budget continues robust funding for the SRFs at $3.3 billion, following an unprecedented increase provided in FY 2010. Infrastructure and targeted projects funding under the STAG appropriation provides financial assistance to states, municipalities, interstates, and Tribal governments to fund a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air and Brownfields environmental projects. These funds help fulfill the Federal government's commitment to help our state, Tribal 83 ------- Infrastructure Financing and local partners obtain adequate funding to construct the facilities required to comply with Federal environmental requirements and ensure public health and revitalize contaminated properties. Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA works in partnership with the states to provide low-cost loans to municipalities for infrastructure construction. All drinking water and wastewater projects are funded based on national priority lists. Through SRF set-asides, grants are available to Indian tribes and U.S. territories for infrastructure projects. Grants also are available to Alaskan Rural and Native Villages for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs. The Brownfields Environmental Program provides states, tribes, and political subdivisions (including cities, towns, and counties) the necessary tools, information, and strategies for promoting a unified approach to environmental assessment, cleanup, characterization, and redevelopment at sites contaminated with hazardous wastes and petroleum contaminants. The resources included in this budget will enable the Agency, in conjunction with EPA's state, local, and Tribal partners, to achieve several important goals for 2011. Some of these goals include: - 91 percent of the population served by community water systems will receive drinking water meeting all health-based standards. - Award 235 assessment, cleanup, and revolving loan fund (RLF) grants under the Brownfields program, bringing the cumulative total awarded to more than 2,400 by the end of FY 2011 and paving the way for productive reuse of these properties. Brownfields grantees will also leverage 5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment funding. Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change (FY2011 PB:$60M) Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program In FY 2011, EPA will invest $60 million in the National Clean Diesel program, authorized in Sections 791-797 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. This program focuses on reducing particulate matter (PM) by up to 95 percent from existing diesel engines, including on-highway and non-road equipment and reducing other, smog-forming emissions such as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Five sectors are targeted for reduction: freight, construction, school buses, agriculture, and ports. Grants will be provided to eligible entities in areas of the country that are not meeting ambient air quality standards. This program will help provide immediate reductions by retrofitting the engines with emission control technologies sooner than would otherwise occur through normal turnover of the fleet because these engines often remain in service for 20 or more years. EPA will issue and manage various categories of Diesel Emission Reduction grants: 84 ------- Infrastructure Financing 70 percent of the total funding available will be used to establish competitive National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC) grants: to directly fund and/or finance retrofits, rebuilds, and replacement as well as fuel switching and fuel efficiency measures associated with diesel trucks, ships, school buses and other diesel equipment; up to 10 percent of those funds will be used to establish grants to advance emerging diesel emission reduction technologies, with a focus on new technologies applicable to ocean-going vessels, harbor craft, and goods movement; and competitive grants will be established to help qualifying entities (states, local governments, ports etc) create innovative finance programs that provide low cost, flexible loans for the purchase of new and cleaner used equipment, as recommended by the Agency's Environmental Finance Advisory Board (EFAB). 30 percent of the total funding available will be used in formula grants to states to implement state diesel emission reduction programs defined under the DERA. Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water (FY2011 PB:$3.3B) Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a true partnership between states, localities and the Federal government. These programs provide Federal financial assistance to states, localities, and Tribal governments to protect the nation's water resources by providing funds for the construction of drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities. The state revolving funds are two important elements of the nation's substantial investment in sewage treatment and drinking water systems, which provides Americans with significant benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe drinking water. EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water projects through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). CWSRF projects include nonpoint source, estuary, storm water, and sewer overflow projects. The dramatic progress made in improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the 1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 84 million people were served by secondary or advanced wastewater treatment facilities. Today, 99.76 percent of community wastewater treatment plants, serving 219.5 million people, use secondary treatment or better. Water infrastructure projects supported by the program contribute to direct ecosystem improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all types of surface waters. While great progress has been made, many rivers, lakes and ocean/coastal areas still suffer an enormous influx of pollutants after heavy rains. The contaminants result in beach closures, infect fish and degrade the ability of the watersheds to sustain a healthy ecosystem. 85 ------- Infrastructure Financing The FY 2011 request includes $2.0 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Approximately $33 billion has been provided to date to capitalize the CWSRF. Total CWSRF funding available for loans since 1988 through June 2008, reflecting loan repayments, state match dollars, and other funding sources, exceeds $77 billion. EPA estimates that for every Federal dollar contributed, more than two dollars are provided to municipalities. Since its inception in 1997, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program has made available $18.72 billion to finance 6,905 infrastructure improvement projects nationwide, with a return of $1.83 for every $1 of Federal funds invested. As of June 30, 2009, $10.7 billion in capitalization grants have been awarded, amounting to loans/assistance of $16.2 billion. The DWSRF helps offset the costs of ensuring safe drinking water supplies and assists small communities in meeting their responsibilities. For FY 2011, EPA proposes a new approach to helping small drinking water systems, as well as reforms to improve the long-term financial, managerial, and environmental sustainability of the SRFs. As part of that strategy, we are working to ensure that federal dollars provided through the State Revolving Funds acts as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning, improvements in technical, financial and managerial capacity, and the design, construction and on-going management of sustainable water infrastructure. Set-Asides for Tribes and Territories: To improve public health and water quality on Tribal lands, the Agency is requesting increases to the Tribal set asides in the CWSRF and DWSRF from 1.5 percent to up to 2 percent. Through this program, EPA contributes to this goal which will provide for the development of sanitation facilities for tribes and Alaska Native Villages. EPA also is requesting an increase to the SRF set aside for territories from 0.25 percent to up to 1.5 percent for the CWSRF and from 0.33 percent for the DWSRF to up to 1.5 percent. The 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg adopted the goal of reducing the number of people lacking access to basic sanitation by 50 percent by 2015. Alaska Native Villages The President's Budget provides $10 million for Alaska native villages for the construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation problems. EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human Services' Indian Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health Council, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance. Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems (FY2011 PB:$148M) Brownfields Environmental Projects The President's Budget includes $138 million for Brownfields environmental projects. The $38 million increase will provide funding for disadvantaged and underserved communities. With the FY 2011 request, EPA plans to perform targeted brownfields 86 ------- Infrastructure Financing assessments for 35 communities and cleanup of Brownfields for approximately 25 communities. EPA will supplementally fund an estimated 30 existing high performing revolving loan fund recipients. Additionally, this includes cleanup of approximately 17 sites contaminated by petroleum or petroleum products and environmental job training grants. In FY 2011, the funding provided will result in the assessment of 1,000 Brownfields properties. Using EPA grant dollars, the Brownfields grantees will leverage 5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment funding. Brownfields projects will be featured as one of EPA's High Priority Performance Goals. By 2012, EPA will have initiated 20 Brownfields community-level projects as part of an enhanced effort to benefit underserved and economically disadvantaged communities. This will allow those communities to assess and address multiple Brownfields sites within their boundaries, thereby advancing area-wide planning and cleanups and enabling redevelopment of Brownfields properties on a broader scale than on individual sites. EPA will provide technical assistance, coordinate its enforcement, water and air quality programs, and work with other Federal agencies, states, tribes and local governments to implement associated targeted environmental improvements identified in each community's area-wide plan. This priority goal reflects emphasis on both environmental health and protection and economic development and job creation through the redevelopment of Brownfields properties, particularly in underserved and disadvantaged communities. Mexico Border The President's Budget includes a total of $10 million for water infrastructure projects along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and human health risks along the U.S.-Mexico Border. EPA's U.S.-Mexico Border program provides funds to support the planning, design and construction of high priority water and wastewater treatment projects along the border. The Agency's goal is to provide protection of people in the U.S.-Mexico border area from health risks by connecting homes to potable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems. 87 ------- 88 ------- Trust Funds (Dollars in Millions) Trust Funds Superfund Inspector General (Transfers) Research & Development (Transfers) Superfund Total Base Realignment and Closure2 LUST3 Trust Funds Total4: FY2010 Enacted Budget1 $ $1,270 $10 $27 $1,307 $0 $113 $1,420 FTE 3,018 66 110 3,193 65 75 3,269 FY 201 1 President's Budget1 $ $1,258 $10 $25 $1,293 $0 $113 $1,406 FTE 3,007 66 108 3,180 48 74 3,255 1 Totals may not add due to rounding. 2 Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement. 3 EPAct Grants for Prevention activities are included in the FY 2010 Enacted and FY 2011 President's Budget. 4 Trust Funds Total does not include reimbursable FTE, including Base Realignment and Closure as well as other Superfund reimbursable FTE. Superfund In FY 2011, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,293 million in discretionary budget authority and 3,180 total workyears for Superfund. As of the end of FY 2009, 96 percent of the 1,607 sites on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) are either undergoing cleanup construction, are completed, or are deleted. Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $855 million and 1,416 total workyears are for Superfund cleanups. The Agency's Superfund cleanup program addresses public health and environmental threats from uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances. The Agency expects to demonstrate significant progress in reducing risks to human health and the environment. In FY 2011, EPA and its partners anticipate completing construction activities at 25 Superfund NPL sites to achieve the overall goal of 1,127 total construction completions by the end of FY 2011. The Agency works with several Federal agencies that provide essential services in areas where the Agency does not possess the specialized expertise. In FY 2011, other Federal agencies, including the United States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and 89 ------- Trust Funds Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of the Interior, will provide support to the Agency for Superfund cleanups. Of the total funding requested, $187 million and 1,076 total workyears are for Superfund enforcement related activities. One of the Superfund program's primary goals is to have responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The Agency focuses on maximizing all aspects of Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) participation; including reaching a settlement with or taking an enforcement action by the time of a Remedial Action start at 95 percent of non-Federal Facility Superfund sites. CERCLA authorizes the Agency to retain and use funds received pursuant to an agreement with a PRP to carry out the agreement. EPA retains such funds in special accounts, which are sub-accounts in EPA's Superfund Trust Fund. EPA uses special account funds to finance site-specific CERCLA response actions at the site for which the account was established. Through the use of special accounts, EPA pursues its "enforcement first" policy - ensuring responsible parties pay for cleanup - so that appropriated resources from the Superfund Trust Fund are conserved for sites where no viable or liable PRPs have been identified. Both special account resources and appropriated resources are critical to the Superfund program. The FY 2011 President's Budget also includes resources supporting Agency-wide resource management and control functions. This includes essential infrastructure, contract and grant administration, and financial accounting and other fiscal operations. In addition, the Agency provides funds for Superfund program research and for auditing. The President's Budget requests $25 million and 108 total workyears to be transferred to Research and Development. Research will enable EPA's Superfund program to accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex contaminated Superfund sites. The Superfund research program is driven by program office needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of characterizing and remediating sites, and reduce the scientific uncertainties for improved decision-making at Superfund sites. The President's Budget also requests $10 million and 66 total workyears to be transferred to the Inspector General for program auditing. The Superfund taxes on petroleum, chemical feedstock and corporate environmental income expired in 1995. Since the expiration of Superfund taxes, Superfund program funding (the "Superfund appropriation") has been largely financed from General Revenue transfers to the Superfund Trust Fund, thus burdening the general public with the costs of cleaning up hazardous waste sites. Reinstating the Superfund taxes would provide a stable, dedicated source of revenue for the Superfund Trust Fund and restore the historic nexus that parties who benefit from the manufacture and sale of substances found in hazardous waste sites contribute to the cost of cleanup. The reinstated Superfund taxes are estimated to generate a revenue level of over $1.3 billion beginning in January 2011 to over $2.5 billion annually by 2020. The revenues will be 90 ------- Trust Funds placed in the Superfund Trust Fund and would be available for appropriation from Congress to support the clean up of the Nation's highest risk sites within the Superfund program. Base Realignment and Closure Act The FY 2011 President's Budget requests 48 reimbursable workyears to conduct the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAG) program (BRAG I-IV). EPA's participation in the first four rounds of BRAG has been funded by an interagency agreement which expires on September 30, 2011. Since 1993, EPA has worked with the Department of Defense (DOD) and the states' environmental programs to make property environmentally acceptable for transfer, while protecting human health and the environment at realigning or closing military installations. Between 1988 and 2005, over 500 major military installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense Logistics Agency have been slated for realignment or closure. Under the first four rounds of BRAG (BRAG I-IV), 107 of those sites were identified as requiring accelerated cleanup. EPA has participated in the acceleration process of the first four rounds of BRAG. The accelerated cleanup process strives to make parcels available for reuse as quickly as possible, by transfer of uncontaminated or remediated parcels, lease of contaminated parcels where cleanup is underway, or "early transfer" of contaminated property undergoing cleanup. Seventy-two Federal facilities currently listed on the NPL were identified under the fifth round of BRAG (BRAG V) as closing, realigning, or gaining personnel. The FY 2011 request does not include support for BRAC-related services to DOD at BRAG V facilities. If EPA services are required at levels above its base for BRAG V installations, the Agency will require reimbursement from DOD for the costs the Agency incurs to provide those additional services. Leaking Underground Storage Tanks The FY 2011 President's Budget requests $113 million and 74 total workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. The Agency, working with states and tribes, addresses public health and environmental threats from releases through prevention as well as cleanup. As required by law, not less than 80 percent of LUST appropriated funds will be used in cooperative agreements for states and tribes to carry out specific purposes. EPA will continue to work with the states to achieve more cleanups, and reduce the backlog of 100,000 cleanups not yet completed. Since the beginning of the Underground Storage Tank (UST) program, EPA has cleaned up almost 80 percent (or 388,331) of all reported releases through the end of FY 2009. In FY 2011, the LUST program will achieve 30 cleanups in Indian Country that meet risk- based standards for human exposure and groundwater migration. 91 ------- 92 ------- Acronyms Environmental Protection Agency List of Acronyms AA Assistant Administrator ACE/ITDS Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data System ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution ARA Assistant Regional Administrator ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry B&F Buildings and Facilities CAA Clean Air Act CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule CAP Clean Air Partnership Fund CARE Community Action for a Renewed Environment CBEP Community-Based Environmental Protection CBP Customs and Border Protection CCAP Climate Change Action Plan CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CCTI Climate Change Technology Initiative CEIS Center for Environmental Information and Statistics CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CG Categorical Grant CSI Common Sense Initiative CSO Combined Sewer Overflows CWA Clean Water Act CWAP Clean Water Action Plan DBP Disinfection Byproducts DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting System DfE Design for the Environment EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 EJ Environmental Justice ELP Environmental Leadership Project EN Enacted (Budget) EPAct Energy Policy Act of 2005 EPCRA Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act EPM Environmental Programs and Management ERRS Emergency Rapid Response Services ESC Executive Steering Committee ETI Environmental Technology Initiative ETV Environmental Technology Verification FAN Fixed Account Numbers FASAB Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board FCO Funds Certifying Officer FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act FMFIA Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act FQPA Food Quality Protection Act FSMP Financial System Modernization Project FTE Full-Time Equivalent GAPG General Assistance Program Grants 93 ------- Acronyms GHG Greenhouse Gas GPRA Government Performance and Results Act HPPG High Priority Performance Goals HPV High Production Volume HS Homeland Security HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 HWIR Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules IAG Interagency Agreements ICR Information Collection Rule IFMS Integrated Financial Management System IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRM Information Resource Management ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act ITMRA Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA Clinger/Cohen Act LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks M&O Management and Oversight MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology MTM Mountaintop Mining NAAQs National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAPA National Academy of Public Administration NAS National Academy of Sciences NATA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment NCDC National Clean Diesel Campaign NDPD National Data Processing Division NEP National Estuary Program NEPPS National Environmental Performance Partnership System NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants NIPP National Infrastructure Protection Plan NOA New Obligation Authority NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPDWRs National Primary Drinking Water Regulations NPL National Priority List NPM National Program Manager NPR National Performance Review NPS Nonpoint Source OA Office of the Administrator OAM Office of Acquisition Management OAR Office of Air and Radiation OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management OCFO Office of the Chief Financial Officer OCHP Office of Children's Health Protection OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance OEI Office of Environmental Information OERR Office of Emergency and Remedial Response OFA Other Federal Agencies OFPP Office of Federal Procurement Policy OGC Office of the General Counsel OIA Office of International Affairs OIG Office of the Inspector General 94 ------- Acronyms OMTR Open Market Trading Rule OPAA Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability OPPTS Office of Pesticides, Prevention and Toxic Substances ORD Office of Research and Development OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response OTAG Ozone Transport Advisory Group OW Office of Water PB President's Budget PBTs Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics PC&B Personnel, Compensation and Benefits PM Particulate Matter PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works PPG Performance Partnership Grants PRC Program Results Code PRIA Pesticide Registration Improvement Act PRIRA Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act PWSS Public Water System Supervision RC Responsibility Center RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 RGI Regional Geographic Initiative RMP Risk Management Plan RPIO Responsible Planning Implementation Office RR Reprogramming Request RRP Renovation, Repair and Painting RWTA Rural Water Technical Assistance S&T Science and Technology SALC Sub-allocation (level) SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizations Act of 1986 SBO Senior Budget Officer SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System SITE Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation SLC Senior Leadership Council SRF State Revolving Fund SRO Senior Resource Official STAG State and Tribal Assistance Grants STORS Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor SWP Source Water Protection SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load TRI Toxic Release Inventory TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act UIC Underground Injection Control UST Underground Storage Tanks WCF Working Capital Fund WIF Water Infrastructure Funds WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Project WSI Water Security Initiative 95 ------- 96 ------- ------- ------- |