States
Environmental Protection
Agwvey
Office or Air Quality
Banning and Standards
R*XMrch Triangt* Park, NC
EPA 4S5/R-93-OO5
June 1093
Final Draft
^ource Compliance Traintngfeenes
EPA FIELD DATA FORMS AND
INSTRUCTIONS FOR
EPA METHODS
203A, 203B AND 203C
Proposed Methods
in Appendix M of 40 CFR Part 50
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EPA 455/R-93-005
June 1993
Field Data and Instructions For
EPA Methods 203A, 203B and 203C
Proposed Methods In Appendix M of 40 CFR Part 50
Prepared by:
Eastern Technical Associates
PO Box 58495
Raleigh, NC 27658
and
TRC Environmental Corporation
Boott Mills South
Foot of John Street
Lowell, MA 01852
Contract 68-D2-0059
Work Assignment No. 1A2-32
EPA Work Assignment Manager: Chris Oh
EPA Project Officer: Aaron Martin
US. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Stationary Source Compliance Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Washington, DC 20460
June 1993
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE METHODS ... 1
3.0 VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION FORM 1 (VEOF1)
COMPLETION 2
4.0 VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION FORM 2 (VEOF2)
COMPLETION 14
5.0 DAT A REDUCTION FORM COMPLETION . . 15
APPENDDC
VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION FORM 1 (VEOF1)
VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION FORM 2 (VEOF2)
DATA REDUCTION FORM
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF THE
VISIBLE EMISSIONS OBSERVATION FORMS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Visible Emissions Observation Forms (VEOF) are described in this document and located in the
Appendix. Visible Emission Form l(VEOFl) and the data reduction form can be used as a data
record when performing visible emissions observations using EPA Reference Method 9, Methods
203 A, or 203B. Visible Emission Form 2 (VEOF2) can be used for Method 203C. The method used
may be designated by State Implementation Plans (SIPs), Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) or new
source performance standards (NSPS). Each shall be used in its current form, or modified by the
States to suit the state's particular needs.
1.1 NATURE AND PURPOSE OF THE VEOF
The VEOF was designed to record information required in the field documentation of visible
emissions. When properly filled out, the form provides all of the required data. This data includes:
observer certification information, source name and location, type and operating mode of equipment
(both control and process), data describing the relative locations of the observer, emissions outlet,
observation point, data describing the type of emissions and background, wind direction and speed,
ambient temperature, relative humidity, relative positions of the sun, observer, observation point,
wind, and north arrow on the sketch, as well as the opacity data itself and the data reduction. Because
the data reduction methods will vary from method to method, separate data reduction sections are
provided for all four methods.
As field experience was gained with the existing Method 9 VEOF from, it was determined that more
detailed documentation was necessary in order to demonstrate compliance with the regulations. A
VEOF evolved as new pieces of information needed to ensure compliance with Method 9 came to
light. With the promulgation of Methods 203A, B, and C the development of a new VEOF was
necessary. Previously used VEOF's were collected and analyzed to determine the documentation
needs of Methods 9, 203 A, B, and C. The results of the evaluation are the VEOF1, VEOF2, and data
reduction forms presented in this document. All of the information needed to accurately document
Methods 9, 203 A, B, and C are included on these forms. Since the forms encompass all of the re-
quirements for all four Methods, not all of the data blanks on each of the VEOFs will be used for
each Method. Additionally, the forms contain some data blanks that are not required by any of the
Methods. These data blanks provide information that gives a clearer view of under what circum-
stances the VEO was conducted to facilitate use of the resulting data b determining compliance with
applicable regulation.
2.0 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE METHODS
2.1 METHOD 9 (please refer to section 3.12 of volume in of the EPA Quality Assurance Hand-
book EPA 600/4-77) Method 9 was promulgated November 12, 1974 (39 FR 39872) and revised in
1987 (52 FR 34639 on Sept. 14; 52 FR 42061 on Nov. 2). It is a method of determining the average
opacity from a source. For this Method, the readings are taken at 15 second intervals, and +are then
averaged over a six minute interval.
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2.2 METHOD 203 A (to be promulgated)
Method 203 A is also taken at 15 second intervals. These readings may be averaged over a 2 minute
or greater time interval as required by specific SIPs. The state or local regulation will specify the time
interval over which the opacity is averaged.
2.3 METHOD 203B
Method 203B is a time aggregation method. The state or local agencies will specify a time period
over which readings will be taken. All readings above the standard, which may not be exceeded are
aggregated, divided by 4 to obtain the minutes of violation and compared with the level and time
duration specified in the regulation.
2.4 METHOD 203C
Method 203 C will be used for states that have instantaneous limitations. The opacity readings are
taken at 5 second intervals. The readings are then averaged over a period of one minute and
compared to the set standard.
3.0 VEOF1 COMPLETION, BY SECTION
VEOF1 is divided into 12 sections. The following sections describe the correct procedure for com-
pleting each section. Included in the instructions, will be a discussion of each data blanks purpose.
This will assist the observer in completing the form in cases where the information or conditions are
ambiguous. The information that is required by Method 9 is indicated with an asterisk (*). The EPA
anticipates that most State* and Local Agencies will provide similar guidelines and requirements for
Methods 203A, B, and C.
In addition to the VEOF, other companion forms may accompany the VEOF (eg: company notifica-
tion records, data reduction sheets, etc.). These sheets should all have the 5 digit VEOF Form Num-
ber from the VEOF.
3.1 OBSERVATION METHOD
This visible emission observation form may be used with EPA Reference Method 9, Method 203 A, or
Method 203B.
3.1.1 METHOD USED
Circle the method which is specified by the SIP, permit, or operating procedures. The method used
will determine which data recording form will be completed. For example, Method 203 A, 203B, or
Method 9. If the specified method is 203C remember to use Visible Emission Form 2.
Metnod Used (Circle One)
Method 9 203A 203B Otter
3.2 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
This section contains information that will specifically idetify the source that is being observed.
3.2.1 COMPANY NAME
Include the Facility's complete name. For positive identification of the facility, the parent company
name, division, or subsidiary name should be included as appropriate.
(*) = information that is required by Method 9
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Company Name
Faclily Name
Street Address
Ctry
State
Zip
3.2.2 FACILITY NAME (*)
This section provides information that uniquely identifies the facility and permits the observer to
locate or make contact with the facility.
3.2.3 STREET ADDRESS (*)
Indicate the street address of the facility (not mailing or home office address) so that the exact
physical location of the source is known. If necessary, the mailing address or home office address may
be listed elsewhere.
Process
unit*
Con trot Equipment
Operating Mode
Operating Moo*
3.3 PROCESS INFORMATION
The information contained in this section details exactly what the source is doing and what controls
are in place.
3.3.1 PROCESS AND CONTROL DEVICE TYPE
Include a several-word description of the process and control device, indication of current process
operating capacity or mode, and operational status of the control equipment. Note: This section, in
particular, includes information that will probably have to be obtained from a plant official. Since a
facility may consider their production rate or other process information as proprietary, the inspector
shall specifically inform them that they have the right to request that this information be submitted
subject to the confidential business information provisions of 40 CFR 2 Subpart B.
3.3.2 PROCESS EQUIPMENT (*)
Enter a description which clearly and unambiguously identifies the process equipment and type of
facility that emits the plume or emissions to be read. The description should be brief, but should
include as much information as possible. The following examples are concise examples of what is
needed in this blank:
Coal-Fired Blr. - Unit 4/power Pit.
#2 Oil-Fired Blr/Chemical Plant
Wood Waste Conical Incinerator
Paint Spray Booth/Auto Plant
Primary Crusher at Rock Quarry
Fiberglass Curing Oven
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Reverb Furnace/Copper Smelter
Basic Oxygen Furnace/Steel Mill
Cement Plant Kiln
Storage Pile/Spray Dust Suppression
Road/Parking Lot
Intermittent Source (Specify)
3.3.3 OPERATING MODE
Depending on the source or type of process equipment, this information may vary from a
quantification of the current operating rate or a description of the portion of batch-type process for
which the emission opacity is being read to an explanation of how the equipment is currently
operating such as "upset conditions," "start-up," or "shutdown." Other examples include "90
percent capacity" for a boiler or "85 percent production rate" for the shakeout area of a grey iron
foundry. For a steel making furnace, entries should include the exact part of the process cycle for
which readings are being made, such as "charging" or "tapping." In most cases, this information
will have to be obtained from a plant official. In the case of fugitive sources, an explanation of those
factors effecting emissions is appropriate. For example, for an industrial; road, "two-way traffic, oiled
surface" might be appropriate.
3.3.4 CONTROL EQUIPMENT (*)
Specify the type(s) of control equipment being used in the system after the process equipment in
question (e.g., "hot-side electrostatic precipitator"). In the case of fugitive emissions, specify any
permit limitations which may be binding upon the source, such as "spray dust suppression".
3.3.5 OPERATING MODE
Indicate the manner in which the control equipment is being utilized at the time of the opacity
observations (e.g., 1 field of 8 tripped on ESP, scrubber operating without water, shut down, offline)
and the operating mode (e.g., automatic, manual, bypass). This information should be obtained from a
plant official.
3.4 EMISSION POINT IDENTIFICATION
Contains information uniquely identifying the emission point and its spatial relationship with the
observer's position. It is recommended that distances and heights in this section be noted in consistent
units.
Daicnbe Emtalon Point
HrtohtofErrto.pt.
Start
Dblance to Emfas. Pt.
Start
End
End
HrtoN <* Emta. Pt. ReL to Obi«vaf
Start End
Dfrectlon to Emla.Pt. (Degrees)
Start End
3.4.1 DESCRIBE EMISSION POINT (*)
Describe the type and physical characteristics of the emission point. The description must be specific
enough so that the emission outlet under observation can be distinguished from all others at the
source. The description of the type of emission point should address whether it is 1) a specifically
designed outlet such as stacks, vents,, and roof monitors (having confined emissions) or 2) an
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emission source having unconfined emissions such as storage piles, chemical tanks, and non-ducted
material handling operations. Description of the physical characteristics of the emission point should
include the appearance (such as color, texture, etc.) and geometry (size, shape, etc.) of the stack or
other outlet, and its location in relation to other recognizable facility landmarks. Any special identifi-
cation codes that the agency or source uses to identify a particular stack or outlet should be noted
along with the description; the source of the code should also be recorded. A special identification
code should not be used alone to describe the emission point, since they are sometimes incorrect and
also require a secondary reference. The observer must be certain of the origin of the emissions that
were being read. A description of the emission point coupled with the identification of the process
equipment and control equipment should accomplish that purpose.
3.4.2 HEIGHT OF EMISSION POINT (*)
Indicate the height of the stack or other emission outlet from its base. This information is usually
available from agency files, engineering drawings, or computer printouts (such as NEDS printouts).
The information also may be obtained by using a combination of a range finder or topographical map
and Abney level (or clinometer). The height may also be estimated.
3.4.3 HEIGHT OF EMISSION POINT RELATIVE TO THE OBSERVER (*)
Indicate an estimate of the height of the stack outlet (or any other type of emission outlet) above the
position of the observer. This measurement indicates the observer's position in relation to the stack
base (i.e. higher or lower than the base) and is necessary if slant angle calculations are performed.
3.4.4 DISTANCE TO EMISSION POINT (*)
Record the distance from the point of observation to the emission outlet. This measurement may be
made by using a rangefinder. A map may also be used to estimate the distance.
This measurement must be reasonably accurate when the observer is close to the stack or emission
point (within 3 times the distance of the "height of the emission point relative to the observer".) This
is because it may be used in conjunction with the height of the emission point relative to the observer
and the distance and direction of observation point from emission point to determine or check the
slant angle at which the observations were made. A precise calculation of the slant angle becomes
important in calculating the positive bias inherent in opacity readings when the observer is within
three stack heights of a stack (a slant angle greater than 18 degrees).
3.4.5 DIRECTION TO EMISSION POINT (DEGREES) (*)
Specify the direction from the observer to the emission point. It is strongly suggested that a compass
be used to make this determination. The procedure to determine the direction will vary with the
quality of the compass. With a simple card type, face the emission outlet with the compass held
horizontal. Rotate the compass until the north (N) needle of the compass coincides with N on the
face. Read the angle pointing in the direction to the emission outlet. This is the direction to the
Emission Point. A map may also be used to make this determination.
3.5 OBSERVATION POINT IDENTIFICATION (in the plume)
Contains information uniquely identifying the observation point and its spatial relationship with the
observer's position and the emission point. It is recommended that distances and heights in this
section be noted in consistent units.
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VbfltcalAnaietoObt.Pt.
Start End
Direction to Ota. Pi. (Degrees)
Start End
Distance and Direction to Observation Point from Emission Point
Start End
3.5.1 VERTICAL ANGLE TO OBSERVATION POINT (in the plume)
This may be determined by using an Abney Level or clinometer. This should be recorded as accu-
rately as possible because this information may be used to perform slant angle calculations when the
slant angle is greater than 18°.
3.5.2 DIRECTION TO OBSERVATION POINT (in the plume) (DEGREES)
Specify the direction from the observer to the observation point in the plume. It is strongly suggested
that a compass be used to make this determination. The procedure to determine the direction will be
the same as that stated above to determine the direction to the Emission Point, except that direction
to the observation point will be determined.
3.5.3 DISTANCE AND DIRECTION OF OBSERVATION POINT IN THE PLUME FROM
EMISSION OUTLET (*)
This information describes the observation point in relation to the emission outlet. The distance
downstream in the plume should be noted (This may be estimated in either standard units or in
emission outlet lengths or stack heights). The direction should be both a combination of a compass
point (N, NE, etc.) and an approximate angle up or down if the plume is lofting or fumigating.
Additionally, if a steam plume is present, the observer should note where the opacity was determined
in relation to the steam plume
An example follows:
One stack height East and approx. 45° up (after condensing steam plume dissipation)
Note: The Observation point may change a number of times during the observation period. It is
recommended that these changes be noted in the comment space beside the appropriate opacity
readings and reference to this be made in the corresponding space in the following section. If
necessary a memo may be attached to the form and referenced as needed.
3.6 EMISSIONS DESCRIPTION
This includes information that definitely establishes what was observed while making the visible
emissions determination. Note: Items called for in this section may change a number of times during
the observation period. It is recommended that these changes be noted in the comment space beside
the appropriate opacity readings and reference to this be made in the corresponding space in the
following section.
DMcrioe Emotions
Start End
Emission Color
Start End
V Water Droplet Hume
Attocned 1 1 Dataehed 1 1
Nonel 1
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3.6.1 DESCRIBE EMISSIONS (*)
Include physical characteristics and behavior of the plume (not addressed elsewhere on the form) and
the distance for which it remains visible. Physical descriptions may include such things as texture,
gradation, and contents (e.g. "lacy," "fluffy," "copious," "mushrooming," "spreading over
horizon," and "detached non-water vapor condensables"). The standard plume terminology
illustrated in figure 4 of section 3.12 of vol. UL of EPA QA handbook, may be used to describe
plume behavior. The behavior is generally used to determine the atmospheric stability at the time of
the VE Observations.
3.6.2 EMISSION COLOR (*)
Note the color of the emissions. The plume color can sometimes be useful in determining the compo-
sition of the emissions and also serves to document the total contrast between the plume and its
background as seen by the observer. For emissions that change color a number of times during the
observation period (such as those from a basic oxygen furnace), changes should be noted in the
comments space next to the opacity observations.
3.6.3 WATER DROPLET PLUME (*)
If no visible water droplets are present, the "None" box should be checked. If visible water is
present, check "Attached" if the condensation of the water in the plume occurs prior to exiting the
emissions outlet, or check "Detached" if the condensation occurs some distance after the plume exits
the emission outlet (in this case, the water droplet plume and the stack will not seem to be con-
nected).
Plumes containing condensed water vapor ("water droplet plumes" or "condensing steam plumes")
are usually very white and billowy, and then wispy at the point of dissipation, where the opacity
decreases rapidly from a high value (usually 100%) to 0 if there is no residual opacity contributed by
contaminant in the plume.
To document the presence or absence of condensed water vapor in the plume, two points must be
addressed. First, is sufficient moisture present (condensed or uncondensed) in the effluent to produce
water droplets at in-stack or ambient conditions? Second, if enough moisture is present are the in-
stack and ambient conditions such that it will condense either before exiting the stack or after exiting
(when it meets the ambient air)? The first question can be answered by examining the process type
and/or the treatment of the effluent gas after the process. Some common sources of moisture in the
plume are:
-Water produced by combustion of fuels,
-Water from dryers,
-Water introduced by wet scrubbers,
-Water introduced for gas cooling prior to an electrostatic precipitator or other control device,
-Water used to control the temperature of chemical reactions, and
-Water from dust suppression systems.
If water is present in the plume, data from a sling psychrometer, which measures ambient temperature
and relative humidity, in combination with the moisture content and temperature of the effluent gas
can be used to predict whether the formation of a steam plume is probable.
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3.7 OBSERVATION CONDITIONS
This section covers the background and ambient weather conditions that occur during the observation
period and could effect observed opacity.
Describe Plume Background
Start End
Bockoround Color
Start
Wind Speed
Start
Ambient Temp.
Start
End
End
End
Sky Conditions
Start
Wind Direction
Start
Wat Bulb Temp.
End
End
RH Percent
3.7.1 DESCRIBE PLUME BACKGROUND (*)
Describe the background that the plume is obscuring and against which the opacity is being read.
When describing the background, include characteristics such as texture. Examples of background
descriptions are "structure behind roof monitor," "stand of pine trees," "edge of jagged stony hill
side," "clear blue sky," "stack scaffolding," and building obscured by haze."
3.7.2 BACKGROUND COLOR (*)
Describe the background color including the shade of the color (e.g., new leaf green, conifer green,
dark brick red, sky blue, and light grey stone). In general, the background chosen to read against
should contrast with the color of the plume.
3.7.3 SKY CONDITIONS (*)
Indicate the percent cloud cover of the sky. This information can be indicated by using straight
percentages (e.g., 10% overcast, 100% overcast, etc.) or by description, as shown below.
TERM
Clear
Scattered
Broken
Overcast
AMOUNT OF CLOUD COVER
< 10%
10% - 50%
50% - 90%
> 90%
3.7.4 WIND SPEED (*)
Record the wind speed. It is recommended that it be either measured, or estimated to the nearest 5
mph. The wind speed can be measured using a hand held anemometer, or it can be estimated using the
Beaufort Scale of Wind Speed Equivalents shown below.
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
SPECIFICATIONS
LIMITS OF VELOCITY,
MPH
Calm
Smoke rises vertically.
Direction of wind shown by
smoke drift but not by wind
vanes.
< 1 mph
1 - 3 mph
Light
Wind felt on face, leaves
rustle, ordinary vane moved by
wind.
4-7 mph
Gentle
Leaves and small twigs in
constant motion, wind extends
light flag.
8 - 12 mph
Moderate
Raises dust and loose paper,
small branches are moved.
12-18 mph
Fresh
Small trees in leaf begin to
sway; crested wavelets form
on inland waters.
19-24
3.7.5 WIND DIRECTION (*)
Indicate the direction from which the wind is blowing. It is suggested that the direction should be
estimated to one of the 8 points of the compass. This can be accomplished by observing the direction
that the plume is blowing. If this is not possible, the wind direction may be determined by observing a
blowing flag or by noting the direction that a few blades of grass or handful of dust are blown when
tossed into the ah-. Keep in mind that the wind direction at the observation point may be different
from that at the emission point or at the observer's position. The wind direction at the emission and
observation point are the ones of interest.
3.7.6 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (*)
The outdoor temperature at the plant site is measured by a thermometer (in degrees Fahrenheit or
Centigrade). Be certain to note which temperature scale is used. The ambient temperature is used in
conjunction with the wet bulb temperature when there are indications of a condensing water droplet
plume.
3.7.7 WET BULB TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Enter the relative humidity and wet bulb temperature measured by using a sling psychrometer. This
information is used to determine if water vapor in the plume will condense to form a steam plume.
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3.8 OBSERVER POSITION AND SOURCE LAYOUT
This section clearly identifies the observer's position relative to the emission point, observation point,
plant landmarks, sun position, wind direction, and the north arrow.
3.8.1 SOURCE LAYOUT SKETCH (*)
This should be drawn as a rough plan view and should include as many landmarks as possible. At the
very least, the sketch should locate the relative positions of the observed outlet and associated build-
ings or landmarks hi such a way that they will not be confused with others at a later date, and clearly
locate the position of the observer while making the VE readings. The exact landmarks will vary from
site to site, but they might include:
Other Stacks
Hills
Roads
Fences
Buildings
Stockpiles
Rail Heads
_ *
Tree Lines
Background for Reading
Interfering plumes from other sources
To assist in subsequent analysis of the reading conditions, sketch in the plume including the emission
point and the observation point (indicate the direction of wind travel). The wind direction must also
be indicated hi the previous section.
3.8.2 DRAW NORTH ARROW
To determine the direction of north, point the line of sight in the layout sketch in the direction of the
observation point. Place the compass next to the circle on the form and draw an arrow in the circle
parallel to the compass needle (which points north). Indicate in the boxes below the north arrow
whether True North (TN) or Magnetic North (MN) was used (Magnetic North is the direction a
compass needle points, True North is the actual direction to the Earth's North Pole). Either is accept-
able, however, the North that is used should be consistently used on the same form. A map may also
be used to determine the-direction of North (Remember: Topographic maps use True North).
10
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3.8.3 SUN'S LOCATION
In order to perform VE Observations, the observer must have the sun in the 140° sector to his back.
(This sector exists in both the horizontal and vertical planes.) The sun location line on the form
ensures that the observer is within the 140° horizontal sector to the observer's back. To draw the
sun's location, point the line of sight hi the source layout sketch in the direction of the observation
point. Move an upright pen along the "sun location line" until the shadow of the pen falls across the
observer's position. Then draw the sun at this point along the "sun location line".
3.8.4 SIDE VIEW
In the top blank, fill in the approximate stack height in feet above the ground level of the observer.
The lower blank will contain the approximate number of feet from the observer to the stack base.
3.8.5 LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE
The longitude and latitude of the facility being measured are recorded hi these blanks. This
information can be obtained from topographic maps or nearby airports. This information is necessary
to confirm that the sun was within a 140° sector to the observer's back.
3.8.6 DECLINATION
The declination is the number of degrees and direction that True North varies from Magnetic North.
The declination in North America can be more than 20°. This information is needed for verifying
calculations.
3.9 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Note conditions or deviations of a factual nature that can not be addressed elsewhere on the form
such as in the comments section of the data set. These must be purely factual in nature and specific to
the particular source. It is suggested that these comments be included hi a separate dated memo, and
be referenced in this section. Examples of information that may be included hi this section are:
-Description of unusual stack configuration (to show multiple stacks, or stack in relation to a roof
line); a drawing may be attached unnecessary.
-Observed or reported changes to the emissions or process during observation that are not noted in
the comments area of the form.
-Additional source identification information.
-Descriptions of unusual emission events, such as unusual additions of a waste fuel having markedly
different combustion characteristics to a boiler immediately prior to or during the observation period.
The last example would likely only be known as the result of a voluntary disclosure of such
information by the source's representative.
Adetttonol Information
Photographs to document stack configuration or unusual vents are often quite helpful in clarifying an
emission situation.
3.10 FORM NUMBERING
This information is used to ensure that documents are identified correctly and multiple page
documents are kept together.
11
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3.10.1 FORM NUMBER
Fill in the 5 digit number identifying the VEO Form. Continuing observations on subsequent forms
should have sequential numbers.
Form Number
Page
Continued on VEO Form Number
Ot
3.10.2 PAGE X OF X
Fill in the total number of VEOF pages that make up one observation as well as the specific page
number of the current VEOF (e.g., the second page in a 3 page Observation would be page 2 of 3).
3.10.3 CONTINUED ON VEO FORM NUMBER
If the observation consists of more than one page,Indicate the number of the form that the observa-
tions in this set were continued on. This should be the next number in sequence after the current VEO
Form number.
3.11 DATA SET FOR USE WITH METHOD 9, METHOD 203 A, OR METHOD 203B
The data recording section on VEO Form 1 is for use with the 15 second interval methods, Methods
9, 203A, and 203B. The table for Method 203C is provided on VEO Form 2. This section also
contains comment sections for the observations as well as dates and start and end times.
3.11.1 OBSERVATION DATE (*)
Enter the date on which the opacity readings were taken.
ObMcvcrtton Data
\Sec
M*»\
1
2
3
4
5
0
IS
rime Zone
30
45
Start l)m» End Dm*
COfTYTMntS
3.11.2 TIME ZONE
Enter the time zone in which the observations were taken. Make sure that daylight savings time/
standard time is noted (e.g., MST, EOT, PST, etc.).
3.11.3 START TIME/END TIME (*)
Indicate the times at the beginning and end of the actual observation period. It is suggested that the
observer use military, or 24 hour time to avoid confusion about am or pm.
3.11.4DATASET(*)
Spaces are provided on VEOF1 for entering an opacity reading every 15 seconds for up to a 30
minute observation. If observations continue beyond 30 minutes, additional form(s) may be used. The
readings should be in percent opacity and recorded to the nearest 5 percent. The readings are entered
from left to right for each numbered minute, beginning at the upper left hand corner of the left col-
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umn, labeled row "MJN-1" and column "SEC 0" (0 seconds). The next readings are entered con-
secutively in the space labeled MIN 1, SEC 15; MIN 1, SEC 30; MIN 1 SEC 45; MIN 2, SEC 0;
MIN2, SEC 15; etc..
If for any reason, a'reading is not made for a particular 15-second period, a dash (-) should be placed
in the space showing that the space is not just an oversight. The comment section beside the reading
should be used for an explanation of why the reading was missed.
3.11.5 COMMENTS
Spaces for comments are provided next to the data for each minute of opacity readings. These are
intended to provide space to note changing observation conditions and/or reasons for missed readings
in direct conjugation with the readings themselves. Items to be noted might include:
-Changes in ambient conditions from the time of the start of the readings.
-Changes in plume color, behavior, or other characteristics.
-Presence of interfering plumes from other sources.
-Changes in observer position and indication that a new form is initiated.
-Conditions that might interfere with readings or cause them to be biased high or low.
-Unusual process conditions.
-Reasons for missed readings.
3.12 OBSERVER INFORMATION
This is the information needed to validate the opacity data.
Qborwr • Norn* (Print)
QtJttrw'i&Qrahn
Dot.
OtQOftuMart
CarWtodBy " ~
Oat. ~ '
3.12.1 OBSERVER'S NAME (*)
Print the observer's entire name.
3.12.2 OBSERVER'S SIGNATURE
Enter the observer's legal signature.
3.12.3 DATE
Enter the date on which the form was signed.
3.12.4 ORGANIZATION (*)
Provide the name of the agency or company that employs the observer.
3.12.5 CERTIFIED BY
Identify the agency, company, or other organization that conducted the "smoke school" or VE
training and certification course where the observer obtained his/her current certification.
3.12.6 DATE (*)
Provide the most recent date of certification.
13
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OtaavctionDate
\
k*n\
1
2
J
4
5
6
7
8
1
10
0
5
10
IS
20
25
X
35
Pro Zone
40
45
SO
ss
Slat lime End I'm
Totd
Opadty
Nurtwof
Reodro
.•wraje
COTTTnODD
4.0 VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION FORM 2 (VEOF2)
This form is for use with method 203C.
4.1 FORM COMPARISON
The first 10 sections are identical to VEOF1. The final section containing observer identification and
certification is also the same. The only section that differs is the data collection itself. The area for
data collection has been rotated so that when placed on a clipboard, recording the data set is as
unencumbered as possible.
4.2 DATA SET FOR USE WITH METHOD 203C
This section contains space for opacity readings for the observation period, organized by minute and
second. The readings are taken every 5 seconds. This section also includes the actual date, start, and
end times as well as space for relevant comments.
4.2.1 OBSERVATION DATE (*)
Enter the date on which opacity observations were made.
4.2.2 TIME ZONE
Enter the time zone in which the observations were taken. Make sure that daylight savings time/
standard time is noted (e.g., MST, EOT, PST, etc.).
4.2.3 START TIME / END TIME (*)
Indicate the times at the beginning and end of the actual observation period. It is suggested that the
observer use military time, or 24 hour time to avoid confusion about am or pm.
14
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4.2.4 DATA SET (*)
Spaces are provided on the VEOF for entering an opacity reading every 5 seconds for up to a 10
minute observation. If observations continue beyond 10 minutes, additional form(s) may be used. The
readings should be .in percent opacity and recorded to the nearest 5 percent. The readings are entered
from left to right for each numbered minute, beginning at the upper left hand comer of the left
column, labeled row "MTN-1" and column "SEC 0" (0 seconds). The next readings are entered
consecutively in the space labeled MIN 1, SEC 5; NUN 1, SEC 10; MIN 1 SEC 15; MIN 1, SEC 20;
MIN 1, SEC 25; etc..
If for any reason, a reading is not made for a particular 5-second period, a dash (-) should be placed
in the space showing that the space is not just an oversight. The comment section beside the reading
should be used for an explanation of why the reading was missed.
4.2.5 TOTAL OPACITY
Here, all the readings for the minute should be added together, and the total put into the box.
4.2.6 NUMBER OF READINGS
This block will usually contain the number 12, unless there were readings missed for any reason.
4.2.7 AVERAGE
The total opacity will be divided by the number of readings to arrive at the average opacity for that
minute.
4.2.8 COMMENTS
Spaces for comments are provided next to the data for each minute of opacity readings. These are
intended to provide space to note changing observation conditions and/or reasons for missed readings
in direct conjugation with the readings themselves. Items to be noted might include:
-Changes in ambient conditions from the tune of the start of the readings.
-Changes hi plume color, behavior, or other characteristics.
-Presence of interfering plumes from other sources.
-Changes hi observer position and indication that a new form is initiated,
-Conditions that might interfere with readings or cause them to be biased high or low.
-Unusual process conditions.
-Reasons for missed readings.
5.0 DATA REDUCTION FORM
Company Name
Facility Name
Str«« Address
5.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
This information should be filled in exactly as it is on the VEOF that is being analyzed.
15
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5.2 DATA SOURCE
The information in this section pinpoints the origin of the data being analyzed.
Data Taken From VEO For m(s):
VEOFfl:
Observation Dale
Start Time
VEOFI2
End Time
Observer
5.3 METHOD 9 AND 203A DATA REDUCTION
This section is used to show the results of averaging methods. This section does not need to be
completed in the field, and may be completed by the observer or another person familiar with the data
analysis procedures.
Method 203A and Method 9 Data Reduction
Awao« Hanoi (Circle one 1 o»»r, rfeau indicate naval.)
6 Minute Other: Minute
Start Tine
tin. 'Sec
Slop TITO
Mm/Sec
Toil
Opacity
Total (ol
Bastings
Amge
CoflVTMnts
5.3.1 AVERAGE INTERVAL
Indicate the length of time that is being averaged, whether it is a 6 minute average or an interval of
time specified by a State Implementation Plan (SIP), Federal Implementation Plan (HP), or a New
Source Performance Standard (NSPS).
5.3.2 AVERAGE DATA
After analyzing the data, the highest averages are entered into the rows in this section. Enter the
highest average into the first row, the next highest into the next row, etc.. Each row should have the
start and stop times (preferably in military time, or 24 hour time), average opacity over that period,
total number of readings in that average, total opacity and any pertinent comments about conditions
during that tune period.
16
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5.4 TIME AGGREGATION (METHOD 203B)
This section is used to show the results of the time aggregation method, Method 203B. This section
does not need to be completed in the field, and may be completed by the observer or another person
familiar with the da,ta analysis procedures.
Method 203B Time Aggregation
Number of Readings that Exceed the Standard: + 4 = minutes
Circle Exceedences on VEO Form
5.2.1 NUMBER OF READINGS THAT EXCEED STANDARD
Enter the number of readings above the opacity limit for the source in the first block. Divide this
number by 4 and enter this in the second block. This is the number of minutes the source was above
the opacity limit.
5.4.2 CIRCLE EXCEEDENCES ON THE VEO FORM
All the readings that exceed the standard that have been included in the count should be circled on
the VEO form.
5.5 THESE CALCULATIONS WERE PERFORMED BY:
These Calculations
NVM
were performed by:
roe
AftdtUon ' . — —
DM!
SigMun
5.5.1 NAME
Enter the full name of the person who performed the data analysis entered above.
5.5.2 TITLE
Enter the title of the person performing the calculations.
5.5.3 AFFILIATION
Enter the name of the company, organization or agency that employs the person performing the
calculations.
5.5.4 DATE
Enter the date that the calculations were performed on.
5.5.5 SIGNATURE
The person who analyzed the data should enter their legal signature.
5.6 COMMENTS
This space is available for comments by the person performing the calculations.
17
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APPENDIX
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bPA
VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION FORM
Method 9 203A
2038
Other
FodmyNome ~~ • •
Street Address " "~ — '
Oty
State
Untt
2P
Operating Mode
Operating Mode
Height otErrus.Pt.
Start End
maancotobniB.fi. • —
Start Fort
^Mght d Eu¥is.
Start
Pt. Pel.
Direction to Emus. Pt
Start End
Start
Start
Emtaton Cokx
aart End
Start
Start End
Start End
Start End
^-^^
to Observer
(Degrees)
Direction to uos. Pt. (Degrees)
Start End
1 Water Droplet PKme "
Attachedd DetachedF! *~\~]
£**-
»art
Start
rvetcUblemp.
Source Layout Sketch
X Observation Point
( ^Observers Position
W"^ ^"\-,^
(I
~-~,
t '
Er
Er
id
id
RH Percent
Draw North Arrow
ON DMN
o
TF
n
*fF
SOiVm*
Sun location lire
ittrude
Decknc
Stock —
With Q~
Plume
Sun ^
\IJb+f4 %.
ttOT)
\Sec
1
2
3
6
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
23
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0
IS
^ .
30
45
Start Time bid Time
Comments
bate
3roanCo3on — — ' —
MtfledEv iDcte
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EPA
VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION FORM 2
Form NLmber
Poo* Of
Method Used (Circle One)
203C
Other
i FadityName
Street Address
dty
Stale
Proc
Zip
Unit/
Operating Mode
Operating Mode
DescaCe Ernsaon Polni
gn
Start
(Emiss. Pt.
lonce to Emiss. Pt.
Start
End
KWght of Embs. Pt. M . to ObMrvw
Start End
Direction to Emla. PI. CDegroot)
Start End
S»o»t
End
Start End
>3 Direction to Observation Point from Emesson PaH
. End
?gft — *"*
Start End
Water Oroptot hurne
N^a
SEB_
Backore
Slat
WlndSp
Start
Start
Enrt
unauxor
End
End
Temp.
End
ScyCarvttani
Start
Wind Direction
Start
WetButolemp. ~
End
End
RH Percent
Source Layout Sketch
Draw Norm Arrow
DTN
X Observation Point
OttervWiPogWon
Dl
-FffT
_n
Sun Location line
ngrtuoe
Latitude
Stack
Sun
\Mnd
Oednatlon
VEOF2.1
Obtervert Name (Print)'
wr"! Signature
OrganzaborT
Certified By
T53e-
IDale-
6
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Data Reduction
Company Name
Facility Name
Street Address
City
Zip
Data Taken From VEO Fonrts)
VEOF«1:
Observation Dele
Start Time
VEOf »2
End Troe
Observer
Method 203A and Method 9 Data Reduction
Average Interval (Circle one. If olhec |Homo indicate Interval.) " ~
6 Minute Other: Minute
Start Tme
Mn/Sec
Slop Time
Mm /Sec
Total
Opacity
Total 1 ol
Readinos
Average
Comments
Method 203B Time Aggregation
Number of Readings that Exceed the Standard:
4 =
minutes
Circle Exceedences on VEO Form
"hese Calculations were performed by:
FiUe
Comments:
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