United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Tribal Water Quality Programs:
Using Clean Water Act Section 106
Funding to Protect Water Resources
2009 Status Report
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A NOTE FROM THE DIRECTOR
EPA's Clean Water Act Section 106 Tribal Program provides critical
resources to assist tribes in establishing and implementing ongoing water
pollution control programs. Over the program's 20-year history, the Agency
is proud to have partnered with more than 200 tribes to expand awareness
of the threats to tribal water quality and to develop and implement long-
term goals, strategies, and standards for water quality monitoring and
protection. Key among these partnerships has been the commitment of
tribal governments to work together with the Agency to implement CWA
programs on tribal lands, providing the leadership to ensure that our
waters are protected for generations to come.
Together, we are furthering the goals of protecting, preserving, and
restoring water resources in Indian Country and beyond. This report
highlights the accomplishments that have been achieved by tribes in
developing comprehensive, effective water quality programs to protect
water resources as well as the challenges that remain. We will continue to
build upon these successes as we work together to develop water quality
programs that meet the unique water quality needs and priorities of tribal
communities.
James A. Hanlon, Director for EPA's
Office of Wastewater Management
In Memory of Carol Jorgensen
The Office of Wastewater Management would like to acknowledge
Carol Jorgensen's unwavering dedication to the rights of indigenous
communities. Since she began with EPA in 2002, she worked as an
advocate for the tribes and for the protection of water resources and
the environment. Her long service in the federal government and her
close ties to the people she worked with and for will be greatly missed.
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CONTENTS
I. Executive Summary 2
II. Tribal Programs to Protect Water Quality 3
III. Critical Activities To Protect Water Quality on Tribal Lands 5
IV. Tribes and EPA: Partnering for Success 6
V. Looking Forward 10
VI. Tribal Highlights 11
Region 1 12
Region 2 14
Region 4 15
Region 5 17
Region 6 20
Region 7 23
RegionS 25
Region 9 28
Region 10 30
VII. Regional Contacts & Acronyms 33
Note: There are no federally recognized tribes in Region 3.
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The lands of federally recognized tribes cover over 110,000 square miles of the United Statesmore than
the total land area of Nevada, the nation's seventh largest state. Unlike a single state, however, these lands are
held by 5621 distinct Indian tribes, each with a unique set of water resources used for recreation, transportation,
fishing, drinking water, ceremonial purposes, and more. Likewise, each tribe faces a separate set of challenges in
protecting these resources. Together, Indian tribes are responsible for protecting and restoring tens of thousands
of square miles of rivers, streams, and lakes, as well as ground water.
For over 20 years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)2 has provided funding under Section
106 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), Grants for Pollution Control Programs, to assist tribes to understand, assess,
and preserve their water resources. This report highlights tribes' achievements in developing comprehensive,
effective water quality programs and improving and protecting water quality on tribal lands. Specifically, this
report:
Provides a brief overview of tribal water quality programs.
Describes the critical water quality activities that tribes fund with Section 106 grants.
Highlights the rapid growth the program has experienced over the past 20 years.
Outlines current and future challenges facing tribal water quality programs nationwide.
Illustrates tribal water quality programs' use of Section 106 funds to protect water resources across the
United States.
Section 106 Treatment in a Manner Similar to a State (TAS)
To be eligible for Section 1 06 funding, a tribe must meet the following requirements:
Be federally recognized by the Secretary of the Interior.
Have a governing body carrying out substantial governmental duties and
powers.
Have legal authority and jurisdiction over tribal lands.
Have the capability to carry out functions to be exercised in the manner
consistent with the terms and purposes of the Clean Water Act and all
applicable regulations.
Submit an application to EPA and obtain TAS approval.
1 Number of federally recognized tribes current as of April 4, 2008 (Source: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. "Indian Entities
Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs." Federal Register, Vol. 73, No. 66,18553).
2 For reference, a list of acronyms is provided at the end of this report.
2 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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II. TRIBAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT
WATER QUALITY
Currently, there are 562 federally recognized
tribes; approximately 350 meet the criteria to request
treatment in a manner similar to a state. As of 2009,
67% (252) of these tribes have received EPA approval
and are eligible to receive Section 106 grants (Exhibit
1). For tribes, Section 106 grants are a crucial,
dedicated source of funds for developing, maintaining,
and expanding programs designed to control, prevent,
and eliminate water pollution.
Tribes began receiving Section 106 funds in 1989.
Since then the tribal set-aside has grown from less
than $1 million a year to approximately $25 million
a year. In the past eight years, the number of tribes
eligible to receive Section 106 funds has increased by
over 76%, while funding increased by 43% (Exhibit 2).
Tribes across the country are using Section 106
grants to identify and proactively address water
quality priorities and concerns. Tribes use Section
106 grants for a wide range of water pollution control
activities including:
Assessing water quality on tribal lands.
Establishing water quality goals and objectives.
Conducting regular monitoring and data
reporting.
Implementing quality assurance processes to
ensure data reliability.
Exhibit 1:TAS-Approved Tribes and Federally Recognized
Tribes, by Region
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
R1
R2
R6
R7
RIO
TAS-Approved Federally Recognized Tribes Federally Recognized Tribes
Note: Region 3 has no federally recognized tribes. Region 10 has 271 federally
recognized tribes, but only 43 are eligible to receiveTAS status for Section 106. TAS-
approved tribe numbers current as of December 31,2008.
Exhibit 2: Percent Increase in TAS-Approved Tribes and
Section 106 Tribal Set-Aside Over the FY 2000 Funding
Level, FY 2001 -FY2009
90% -,
80%
70%
60% -
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% -
0%
FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009
TAS-Approved Tribes -* Tribal Set-Aside
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 3
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Salt River Pima-Maricopa
Indian Community, Arizona.
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III. CRITICAL ACTIVITIES TO
PROTECT WATER QUALITY ON
TRIBAL LANDS
Over the past 20 years, CWA Section 106 funding has supported tribal efforts to develop and implement
long-term goals, strategies, and standards for water quality monitoring and protection. These efforts have
furthered the goal of improving water quality both on and off tribal lands. Section 106 grants are one of the most
importantand in some cases, the onlysources of funding for tribal water quality programs.
Each tribe identifies the activities and actions necessary to create and sustain a program that best meets their
water quality needs. Over the years, tribes have undertaken activities such as:
Developing and implementing comprehensive water quality monitoring programs.
Hiring program staff and purchasing equipment and supplies.
Conducting and reporting on water quality assessments.
Developing and implementing water quality ordinances and tribal and EPA-approved water quality
standards (WQSs).
Developing water quality and Geographic Information System (CIS) databases to track changes in water
quality and ensure consistency in data management.
Attending trainings, workshops, and other events to build and share technical knowledge.
Conducting training and providing educational outreach to tribal members.
Identifying non-point sources (NFS) of pollution and developing NFS Assessment Reports and Management
Plans.
Determining the effectiveness of NFS projects and best management practices.
Implementing wetlands protection programs.
Coordinating water quality protection activities with state and federal agencies and community
organizations.
Providing technical support to state water quality monitoring initiatives.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 5
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IV. TRIBES AND EPA: PARTNERING
FOR SUCCESS
EPA Regional staff support tribal water quality staff as they identify their individual approaches and priorities
needed to meet their water quality goals. At the same time, all tribal grantees must comply with the minimum
grant requirements. Regions confirm that the grants are used in a manner that reflects national, Regional,
and tribal environmental and programmatic needs and priorities. Through formal evaluations and regular
communication, EPA supports tribes in remaining on track to achieve their short-term and long-term goals.
EPA Regional staff also provide ongoing technical support. In addition to guiding tribes through the Section
106 grant application process each year, Regional staff:
Provide on-site technical assistance and training.
Coordinate regular meetings between tribal representatives and EPA staff to facilitate sharing of
information, best practices, and common concerns.
Assist tribes in identifying water quality needs and how funding sources can be used to address those needs.
Encourage coordination between Section 106 and other water quality-related funding sources, providing
tribes with access to more funding and increased administrative efficiency.
Develop templates and tools that tribes can use to more efficiently analyze, manage, and report data, and
meet federal grant requirements.
Pyramid Lake, Nevada.
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Key Sections of the Clean Water Act (CWA)
The following sections of the CWA support the
development and maintenance of tribal water quality
programs.
Section 106 - Grant program to support states,
interstate agencies, and tribes in administering programs
for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of water
pollution.
Section 319 - Grant program to help states and
tribes control non-point sources of pollution through
development of assessments and management programs.
Section 51 8 - Authorizes EPA to treat federally
recognized Indian tribes in a manner similar to states,
enabling eligible tribes to apply for Section 106 grants
to develop and administer water quality programs.
In 2006, EPA published the "Final Guidance on
Awards of Grants to Indian Tribes under Section
106 of the Clean Water Act" (Tribal Guidance).
Developed with extensive input from tribes, the
Tribal Guidance helps tribes to:
Design and maintain tribal water quality
programs.
Establish a roadmap that can be used to
enhance and expand existing water quality
programs, as needed.
Measure progress and define success.
Importantly, the Tribal Guidance recognizes the
significant diversity in tribal water quality program
needs, priorities, and resources. In addition, it
serves as a resource to help tribes develop work
plans and budgets and achieve environmental
results.
Measuring Success
EPAs Office of Water and EPA Regions also track specific measures related to water quality on tribal lands.
EPA is currently using two tracking measures related to the tribal Section 106 program:
Number of tribes that currently receive funding under Section 106 that have developed and begun
implementing monitoring strategies that are appropriate to their water quality program and consistent with
EPA Tribal Guidance. Monitoring strategies provide a framework for a tribe's monitoring activities and are
the basis for running a successful water program. As of 2009, over 130 tribes had achieved this goal.
Number of tribes that are providing water quality data in a format accessible for storage in EPAs database.
Providing data in an accessible format allows for nationally consistent data sharing and usage, encourages
robust local data management, and leads to more effective data analysis. As of 2009, over 80 tribes had
achieved this goal.
This information is reported annually in the EPA National Water Program Guidance. EPA is also working with
tribes to implement a measure of actual improvement in water quality.
Challenges
As tribal water quality programs expand, tribes and EPA must address several critical challenges to guarantee
that all federally recognized tribes have the opportunity to use Section 106 funding effectively to build upon their
noteworthy successes to date.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 7
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Challenges facing tribes and EPA in the upcoming years include:
Support for tribal programs. As noted previously, the number of tribes eligible to receive Section 106
funding continues to increase, while funding has remained at the same level. This results in decreases in
funds for existing individual grants as new tribes establish water quality programs.
Increasingly complex water quality concerns. Tribal programs are increasingly challenged by new water
quality issues such as emerging contaminants, development pressure, and petroleum and mineral
production on and off reservation lands. Tribes need access to technical and financial resources to address
new sources of pollution.
Meeting monitoring and reporting requirements. EPA's Tribal Guidance set out national monitoring and
reporting requirements that will strengthen tribal and national understanding of tribal water quality and
ensure accountability for the use of federal funds. While the long-term payoff will be great, meeting these
requirements has resulted in additional work by tribal staff.
Retaining and training tribal staff. Retaining experienced water quality program staff (and institutional
knowledge) from year to year and providing staff with the training and resources they need to expand their
water quality program will continue to be a challenge. To address this, EPA launched a tribal training Web
site as a resource for tribal water programs.
Addressing jurisdictional issues facing those tribes residing on checkerboarded reservations. Areas where
land is privately owned within the reservation boundaries may impact a tribe's ability to protect the waters
flowing through that land. EPA and tribes need to work cooperatively to ensure that all waters within the
exterior boundaries of the reservation lands are protected.
EPA's Clean Water Act Tribal Training Web Site
In 2007, EPA launched a new Web site with a consolidated, centralized listing of all EPA training courses available
to help Indian tribes develop and implement water quality programs (http://www.epa.gov/ow/tribaltraining/).
Tribes can use this resource to identify all training courses relevant to their water quality programs and to obtain
training descriptions, locations, and dates.
The Web site also serves as a central repository for all training materials, for tribal staff who are unable to attend
on-site or Web-based trainings, or for staff who are simply looking to take a refresher course.
8 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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Blue Heron, Great Lakes.
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V. LOOKING FORWARD
Tribes continue to build water quality programs that meet
their unique water quality needs and priorities, ensuring the
preservation, protection, and continued improvement of water
quality on tribal lands. In the upcoming years, tribal programs will
maintain and expand their environmental presence and authority
to fully realize water quality programs on tribal lands. This may
include:
Developing tribal or EPA-approved WQSs to establish
water quality goals for tribal waters. As of 2009, 35 tribes
have developed EPA-approved WQSs, and many others are
developing TAS packages or awaiting approval for WQSs.
Obtaining authorization for the National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) program, which would allow
tribes to regulate point source pollution discharges based on
their own WQSs.
Setting total maximum daily loads for permits discharging into
impaired waters.
Developing partnerships with local, state, and federal agencies.
Expanding public outreach efforts.
Serving as mentors to other tribes that are building water
quality programs.
In 2009 and beyond, the Section 106 program will continue to
support tribes in meeting challenges and maintaining their record
of success in protecting and improving water quality.
10 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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VI. TRIBAL HIGHLIGHTS
EPA Regional offices are tribes' primary point
of contact with the Agency. Tribes work with
Regional staff to identify water quality needs and
priorities, build and expand their programs, and
coordinate with other tribes within the Region to
share their knowledge and experience. The following
section presents tribal water quality program
accomplishments by Region. These examples
demonstrate the commitment to water quality
protection that tribes have made with support from
Section 106 funds and the successes they have had
in implementing their programs. These examples
represent only a snapshot of the work that over 250
tribes have done to protect and improve water quality
on tribal lands.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 11
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REGION 1
Passamaquoddy Tribe
(Maine)
[PA Region 1 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval* 7
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009)
Total Tribal Land Area**
Total Tribal Surface Water Area**
2.3%
297 sq. mi.
34 sq. mi.
*As of December 1,2008.
** As defined and reported in the 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Includes all federally
recognized tribes eligible for TAS approval for Section 106 funding.
After receiving TAS approval for
Section 106 funding in 1999, the
Passamaquoddy Tribe initiated a water
quality monitoring program. The Tribe
is developing WQS and monitoring the
water quality of Boyden Lake, which is
a drinking water source. The Tribe has
conducted fish tissue testing in two adjacent bays for mercury and dioxins. The Tribe is also inspecting sewage
lines for leaks (for point source assessment) and has requested Indian Health Service construction grants for
expansion of the wastewater plant.
Penobscot Tribe (Maine)
The Penobscot Tribe has used Section 106 funds to make significant improvements to their model data
management system and, with assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), was able to refine data
collection and use of the Penobscot Indian Nation environmental data management system. This has facilitated
and streamlined electronic entry of field and lab data and improved processes and tools used to assess whether
WQS were being met. The Tribe has also been hosting Water Quality Exchange (WQX) training with all Region 1
tribes.
The Penobscot Tribe has been nationally recognized for its outstanding work to restore endangered wild
Atlantic salmon and other migratory sea-run fish while balancing the need for hydroelectric power on the
Penobscot River. The Tribe worked with the Penobscot River Restoration Trust (PRRT) and the PPL Corp., an
energy company that owns dams on the river. The PRRT will be removing dams to help restore native fisheries by
increasing access to nearly 1,000 miles of habitat for Atlantic salmon and several other species of sea-run fish.
The Penobscot water resources program was identified as a tribal success story in the EPA and U.S.
Department of Interior Offices of Inspector General report, "Tribal Successes in Protecting the Environment and
Natural Resources" (May 2007).
The Penobscot Tribe has been nationally recognizedJbr
its outstanding work to restore endangered wild Atlantic
salmon.
12 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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Mashantucket Pequot Tribe (Connecticut)
The Mashantucket Pequot Tribe received a merit award from the Soil and Water Conservation Society, Southern
New England Chapter for their exemplary commitment to resource protection through innovative wetland
development for stormwater control, funded in large part through Section 106.
Narangansett Tribe (Rhode Island)
The Narragansett Tribe is using Section 106 funding to examine NFS pollution problems through monitoring
and assessment initiatives. The information collected will be used to develop best management practices for waters
within the Reservation. The Tribe is also conducting ambient monitoring of the public water supply.
St. John River Headwaters, Maine.
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REGION 2
Saint Regis Mohawk
Tribe (New York)
PA Region 2 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009)
Total Tribal Land Area
Total Tribal Surface Water Area
To provide information to
community members regarding
swimming suitability of Saint Regis
Mohawk Tribe (SRMT) Reservation
(Akwesasne) surface waters, the SRMT
used Section 106 funding to assess the
level of Escherichia coli (E. coll) at selected bathing areas. Fecal contamination of surface waters flowing through
Akwesasne may originate or intensify from sources including: shoreline development, wastewater collection
and treatment facilities, urban runoff, animal feeding operations, and pet and wildlife wastes, among others. The
water quality data generated by this project are used in Akwesasne watershed characterizations and other water
quality management initiatives including implementation of SRMT WQSs.
The SRMT worked closely with EPA and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(NYSDEC) to develop tribal WQSs, which were formally adopted and submitted to EPA for review and approval
in 2007. The formal adoption of tribal WQS reflects an important step in the growth of the Tribe's Section
106-funded Water Resource Program. The WQSs are designed to protect the unique and sensitive tribal uses
of water resources, including specific activities and habitats. In addition, the WQSs were developed to meet the
requirements of the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative. The SRMT, in cooperation with EPA and NYSDEC, is now
initiating its triennial review and revision process of the WQSs, which is scheduled for completion in 2010.
Formal adoption ojtribal water quality standards is an
important step in the growth of the Saint Regis Mohawk
Tribe's Section 106-fundedWater Resource Program.
14 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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REGION 4
Poarch Creek Band of
Indians (Alabama)
EPA Region 4 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval 5
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009)
Total Tribal Land Area
Total Tribal Surface Water Area
1.6%
386 sq. mi.
0.35 sq. mi.
In May 2007, the Poarch Band of
Creek Indians (PBCI) cleaned up over
82 tons of illegally dumped garbage
at the Bell Creek bridge site. The site
was once a popular swimming and
fishing location for tribal members,
but illegal dumping had ruined the traditional uses of this stream. The Tribe partnered with the Escambia
County Commissioners' office in Alabama, which provided trucks to haul the garbage to the landfill. PBCI Tribal
Government provided additional funds to pay the tipping fees at the landfill.
This bridge cleanup builds on efforts the Tribe began with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural
Resources Conservation Service to fence off cattle from the same stream. Escambia County further improved
the cleaned-up site by resurfacing the bridge. The Tribe uses Section 106 funds to actively monitor this site in
cooperation with Escambia County to ensure it remains clean.
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Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (North Carolina)
The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) places a high priority on solving environmental problems
for the betterment of community health and protection of the aquatic environment. EBCI has used Section 106
funds to provide baseline information to identify areas of interest for stream restoration projects, measure water
quality in a watershed for standards compliance, and develop educational tools for the community. Over the
years, EBCI water quality program staff have responded to several complaints and, through sample collection and
analysis, identified source water problems.
Recognizing that there will always be the possibility of an unexpected environmental problem affecting
waterbodies, EBCI recently evaluated how to more proactively operate its water quality program. The Tribe knew
that its sample points were well placed and that frequency of monitoring was sufficient to measure the effects
of point source discharges on its waters. Indeed, water quality impacts identified through monitoring efforts
prompted the diversion of three failing point source discharges into new federally funded sewer line extensions.
EBCI knew that the constructed sewer line extensions had likely eradicated some failing septic tank drain-
fields, but recognized the need to more closely examine the area. The Tribe's land base is mostly contained within
the Qualla Boundary, which has been the primary recipient of new waste water infrastructure. However, there
are still many tribal members (most of whom are located more than 50 miles away from the Town of Cherokee]
whose waste water needs are served by septic tanks.
To address the problem, the Tribe first built a monitoring dataset of surface water quality in remote areas not
served by sewer lines. Next, the Tribe acquired the technical skills to identify and discuss remediation of failing
septic tank systems, which are considered to be a NFS of pollution. Staff attended trainings at North Carolina
State University and obtained state certification in septic system construction, inspection, and operation.
The Tribe's water quality program is now equipped to produce annual information that will alert the tribal
engineer to any septic system failures. These failures may be included in the Sanitary Deficiency System list (the
points-rated method of allocating new funding from the Indian Health Service) to correct these environmental
problems.
The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians used Section 106
Junds to identify areas oj interest for stream restoration
projects, measure watershed water qualityJor standards
compliance, and develop educational tools Jor the
community.
16 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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REGION 5
Sokaogon Chippewa
Community (Wisconsin)
EPA Region 5 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval 31
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009)
Total Tribal Land Area
Total Tribal Surface Water Area
15.5%
4,80 Isq. mi.
888 sq. mi.
For the past several years, the
Sokaogon Chippewa Community (Mole
Lake Band) has been using Section 106
funding to study potential impacts to
wild rice stands in Rice Lake, on their
reservation in northeast Wisconsin. Wild rice is a valued resource to the Band for both cultural and economic
reasons. The Band continues to monitor chemical, physical, and biological parameters within the Rice Lake
watershed. The Band performs wild rice plant density and productivity surveys along set transects several times
a year; conducts macro-invertebrate sampling, metals analysis of rice plants, and chemical analysis of surface
water; and monitors lake stage and stream flow of lake tributaries. These activities help to determine optimal
conditions for the productivity of wild rice and to identify any contamination threats. Results show that the
surface waters on the Reservation meet all designated water uses but that invasive species and development
within and outside the Reservation continue to threaten the wild rice stands. The Band will continue to actively
monitor the stands.
Keweenaw Bay Indian Community (Michigan)
Using Section 106 funding, the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community (KBIC) continues to develop an inventory of
their reservation's water resources. The primary objective of the inventory is to identify sources of pollution that
could impact all water resources on the Reservation. This multi-year project will ultimately cover all watersheds
of the Reservation, which is located in the Upper Peninsula. The watershed inventories include an assessment
of each watershed's surface water and ground water quality, an inspection of on-site waste treatment systems,
Below: Hydrolab River Readings, Little Traverse
Bay Band of Odawa Indians, Michigan. Right: Mole
Lake, Sokaogon Chipewa Community, Wisconsin.
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and a survey of homeowners to identify the location of abandoned wells and other sources of pollution. Thus far,
KBIC has inventoried waters in the Silver River, Zeba Creek, and Falls River watersheds as well as parts of several
smaller watersheds. The study is conducted annually and the scope of the survey changes on an individual
watershed basis. The survey results are reported annually to EPA.
Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community Mystic Lake (Minnesota)
The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community has been receiving Section 106 funding since 1999, and
has targeted the funding at evaluating water quality in various water bodies and water body types across their
reservation. Early on, the Tribe discovered that phosphorus and nitrogen levels were causing algae blooms
and limited clarity in reservation waters. Using Section 106 funding, the Tribe has implemented an extensive
education plan focusing on the impacts of NFS pollution on water quality. The outputs of the education plan
included t-shirts, magnets, a pollution prevention bulletin, Earth Week activities, rain garden and rain barrel
construction presentations, and educational tours. One of the success stories of these outreach activities is Mystic
Lake.
Mystic Lake is a65-acre basin in a watershed of 241 acres. Land use consists of 40% turf, 15% impervious
surface, 15% woodland, 15% barren land, 10% cropland, and 5% wetland. Sampling results for total phosphorus,
chlorophyll a, total kjeldahl nitrogen, and other constituents have shown that Mystic Lake water quality has
improved over the nine-year sampling period. Since 2006, total phosphorus has been below 0.10 mg/L, a
threshold concentration that EPA considers important in limiting algal production. Other improvements in water
quality since the start of sampling include a reduction in chlorophyll a to one-twentieth of initial concentrations
and a reduction in total suspended solids to one-third of initial concentrations.
Section 106 funding has not only enabled the Tribe to continually monitor Mystic Lake, but it is believed that
behavioral changes of the public, achieved in part through education and outreach activities sponsored by Section
106 grants, have been instrumental in improving the water quality of the lake.
Ho-Chunk Nation (Wisconsin)
Over the past several years, Ho-Chunk's water quality program staff have provided technical support to
tribal departments, tribal members, and outside agencies on Bureau of Indian Affairs Roads Program projects,
development projects, stream bank stabilization and erosion control projects, and fee-to-trust applications. This
technical support is provided in conjunction with the environmental assessments and planning required for
each project. The costs associated with providing technical support and conducting environmental assessments
The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community used
Section 106Junding to implement an extensive education
planjbcused on the impacts oj non-point source pollution
on water quality.
18 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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are covered by the project budget, funding agency, and the Ho-Chunk Nation. Technical support in the areas of
stormwater management, surface water protection, and wetland identification and protection assures that the
Nation is compliant with applicable tribal, local, state, and federal laws and helps to identify and protect streams
and wetlands from degradation during projects.
For example, Section 106-funded staff consulted on a road project, providing input on a stormwater detention
pond, culvert alignment, and outfall placement. This input resulted in modifications in the outfall structures and
culvert placement designed to decrease bank erosion and sedimentation on nearby Valentine Creek. Likewise,
technical support provided on the Ho-Chunk North Commercial Development Project resulted in a decrease in
the amount of wetland area impacted by sewer main installation and road construction. This project also resulted
in data collection on wetland location and classification.
Tribes Use 106 Funding to Expand Capability
In the past two years, seven tribes in Region 5 have used their Section 106 funds to develop NFS management
plans. These plans are a required element for becoming eligible to run their own NFS Programs under CWA
Section 319 and receive Section 319 funding. In FY 2007, the Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians,
the Oneida Tribe of Wisconsin, and the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community were approved for CWA
319 eligibility, followed by Red Cliff Band, Lac du Flambeau Band, Red Lake Band and the Sokaogon Chippewa
Community in FY 2008. Three additional tribes, the Grand Traverse Band, Grand Portage Band, and the Fond du
Lac Band, received Section 319 eligibility prior to FY 2007.
In the past two years, seven tribes in Region 5 have used
Section 106Junds to develop non-point source management
plans.
KBIC sampling along Lake Superior beach front, Michigan.
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REGION 6
Pueblo of Taos (New
Mexico)
PA Region 6 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval 43
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009) 13.7%
Total Tribal Land Area 8,958 sq. mi.
Total Tribal Surface Water Area 69 sq. mi.
Taos Pueblo has used Section 106
funding to develop WQSs, conduct year-
round monitoring, and conduct an NFS
Assessment, which allowed the Pueblo
to compete for Section 319 funding. In
addition to promulgating the WQS program, the Taos Pueblo Environmental Office has built capacity to advise
tribal governments on specific issues, including total maximum daily loads for the lower reaches of the Rio
Pueblo de Taos and the compliance history of the Town of Taos' wastewater treatment plant, which discharges
into tribal waters.
Water is a sacred resource for Taos Pueblo in New Mexico. "Throughout history, our very life depended on the
availability of clean water for agriculture, domestic uses, and for religious uses. Since our ancestors settled here
more than 1,000 years ago, we have practiced traditional watershed management to ensure safe and clean water,"
says Robert Gomez, Environmental Manager.
Gomez also notes that "Protecting tribal waters is an important function of the Environmental Office. Rivers
and water quality reflect what is happening on the landscape. We live in a complex world and every day we learn
more about how modern life is impacting the environment. By adopting water quality standards and setting
criteria based on our needs and backed by our own data, we believe we are exercising our rights as a sovereign
[nation], and we will ensure traditional uses that have endured since Time Immemorial continue."
Wyandotte Nation (Oklahoma)
The Wyandotte Nation, located in northeastern Oklahoma, contains over 20,000 acres of jurisdictional
land and is part of the Grand Lake of Cherokees watershed. The Nation's environmental department staff has
been conducting water quality sampling since 1996, and currently conducts monthly sampling at six sites,
quarterly bacteria sampling at three locations on one stream, and an annual metals analysis of the same sites.
"By adopting water quality standards and setting criteria
based on our needs and.. .our own data, we.. .will ensure
traditional uses that have endured since Time Immemorial
continue "(Robert Gomez, Environmental Manager, Pueblo
ojTaos)
20 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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The department also uses Section 106 funding to conduct an annual bioassessment at one spring site (involving
collection of fish and fresh water mussels for heavy metals analysis) and to support education programs and an
outdoor classroom.
Using Section 106 funding, the Nation was able to develop a Section 319 NFS management plan and
assessment plan and is now in its first year with an approved Section 319 program.
Pueblo of Santa Ana (New Mexico)
The Pueblo of Santa Ana's Water Resources Division used Section 106 funding to support the development
of the Santa Ana Youth Hands-on Hydrology Outreach (SAY H20) program in 2003. For six consecutive
summers, the Pueblo has hosted a community outreach program to educate Pueblo youth about watershed
and environmental issues, thereby building an informed and environmentally conscious group of future Pueblo
leaders.
Each year, the Pueblo's water resources staff develops the SAY H20 program to highlight specific natural
resource projects on the Pueblo and to generate an awareness of other watershed issues within the Middle Rio
Grande. Topics within the SAY H20 program have included the following activities:
Visiting river restoration and rangeland conservation projects on the Pueblo to see the results of active
natural resource management.
Discovering benthic macro invertebrates in Santa Ana Pond and local rivers to understand the importance of
pond and wetland habitat conservation.
Visiting selected sites along the Rio Grande and the Rio Jemez to develop a diverse understanding of
hydrology and local watershed issues.
Learning about the hydrologic cycle in the Pueblo's native language, Keres, and playing games that build
vocabulary to promote culture and language preservation.
Using maps and GPS equipment in a water scavenger hunt that incorporates cultural elements and
watershed principals.
Hiking, fishing, and camping in the local mountains to allow youth to develop outdoor skills and experience
their watershed first hand.
Floating the Santa Ana reach of the Rio Grande to study the habitat and the hydrology of their local river
system.
The success of the SAY H20 program is tied to consistent financial support from the Pueblo of Santa Ana
and EPA, and from the participation of the community's youth and elders. As one of the elements of the Pueblo's
Section 106 work plan, the SAY H20 program has become a highlight of the Pueblo's community outreach and
environmental education efforts. Students who return to the program each year gain technical skills and an
understanding of tribal natural resources and watershed management. The SAY H20 program provides an
excellent educational foundation for students that will help them in high school science courses and in college.
Next page: SAY H2O works to restore wetland habitat and involve
youth in willow planting, New Mexico.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 21
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REGION 7
Santee Sioux Nation
(Nebraska)
[PA Region 7 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval 7
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009)
Total Tribal Land Area
Total Tribal Surface Water Area
2.0%
1,065 sq. mi.
16 sq. mi.
The Santee Sioux Nation (Nation]
has reservation lands encompassing
approximately 184 square miles in
Northeast Nebraska. The Reservation
has four major watersheds (Bazile
Creek, Howe Creek, Lost Creek, and the Missouri River). The Nation designed and began implementing a water
quality program in 1995. The primary objectives of their program include the establishment of baseline data
and the implementation of tribal monitoring and control system(s) for stream corridor, habitat, biological,
water chemistry, wetlands, and riparian area conditions. The program's overall objective is "to provide adequate
protection measures for the general health and well-being of the people and the environment."
In 1996, the Nation began an initial baseline assessment of selected surface water sites as well as ground water
sites on the Reservation. A second study included selected surface and ground water sites from the 1996 study.
In 2004, the Nation began a three-phase process for tribal water quality standards. The Nation anticipates
approval by Santee Sioux Nation's Tribal Council early in 2010. The Nation has also developed a monitoring and
assessment strategy to provide multi-year data capture of stream corridor, habitat, biological, water chemistry,
wetlands, and riparian area conditions in the future.
The Santee Sioux Nation developed a monitoring and
assessment strategy to provide multi-year data capture
oj stream corridor, habitat, biological, water chemistry,
wetlands, and riparian area conditions.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 23
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Kickapoo Tribe (Kansas)
Water quality and quantity are important to the Kickapoo Tribe. The Reservation relies on surface water
for drinking water; therefore, knowledge of the surface water quality is necessary to ensure optimal treatment
of the drinking water supply. Primary water quality concerns include nutrients, sediment, herbicides, and fecal
coliform indicator bacteria. The Kickapoo Tribe uses Section 106 funding to partner with USGS to conduct a
three-year baseline assessment of their streams, which should be complete in 2010. The Tribe monitors water
quality monthly and immediately after runoff events at selected stream sites near the borders and within the
Reservation. The baseline results will help the Tribe make decisions regarding water quality in their community.
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska's overall goal is to determine the condition of the natural environment
and protect the health and welfare of tribal members and other individuals residing within the boundaries of the
Reservation. Winnebago Reservation lands are highly checkerboard in nature (i.e., land is divided into tribal trust
land, tribal member land, and non-tribal privately owned land), and agriculture is the primary industry. The Tribe
has major concerns about potential misuse of pesticides, proper operation and maintenance of concentrated
animal feed operations, and nutrient runoff from fertilizer application.
The Winnebago Tribe used Section 106 funds to establish and continue building a water quality program. The
Tribe has expanded the monitoring program to include: chemical monitoring of surface water bodies for baseline
conditions and for concentrated animal feeding operation impacts, monitoring natural springs, and physical and
biological monitoring to include macroinvertebrate capture and identification at ambient stream monitoring
sites. Most recently, the Tribe began conducting physical monitoring of visual habitat assessments and fish tissue
analysis at major recreational sites.
Macro invertebrate sampling being done in Region 7.
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REGION 8
Ute Mountain Ute
Community of White
Mesa (Utah)
region » Overview: FY 200
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009)
Total Tribal Land Area
Total Tribal Surface Water Area
23
18.5%
43,484 sq. mi.
1,066 sq. mi.
The White Mesa Uranium Mill has
been processing uranium from source
rock and various recycled materials
since 1979. The mill is located in
southeastern Utah approximately three miles north of the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation Boundary and the tribal
community of White Mesa.
The mill is up-gradient of the aquifers used by tribal members, which has caused the community to be
concerned about possible ground water contamination by leakage from the tailings ponds. The proximity of the
mill to the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation has also raised concern about possible health effects of any uranium
released into the atmosphere from the day-to-day operations of the mill or blown from the materials being stored
there prior to processing.
To address these concerns, the Tribe used Section 106 funds to study local environmental conditions in
partnership with EPA and USGS and with additional assistance from Lawrence Livermore Laboratories, the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation, and Northern Arizona University. The ground water portion of the proposed project will
enable the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe to develop:
A better understanding of whether local ground water chemistry and geology enhance or retard the mobility
of uranium in ground water.
A better understanding of uranium, gross alpha, and gross beta emitting sources in springs and ground
water in the study area and of the potential for uranium mobility in ground water. This may help identify the
location of springs and shallow ground water that may present health risks to tribal members.
A data set that can be used as a baseline to compare with future data collected as part of the ongoing
monitoring of ground water in the study area. The study will also provide data for trend analysis. If increases
in the concentration of uranium, gross alpha, or gross beta emitting sources are detected in the future, this
most likely would be evidence of releases from the mill.
The field work piece of the study, which involved two years of quarterly sampling events, should be complete
by October 2009, and a USGS Scientific Investigative Report detailing current environmental conditions in the
vicinity of the White Mesa Uranium Mill will be published in the summer of 2010. This report will be independent
of efforts by the mining company and the State of Utah, dispelling concerns of bias within the White Mesa
Community. In addition, innovative techniques including pattern recognition modeling incorporating isotopic
signatures, age dating, and trace element analysis will offer new insight to environmental conditions around the
mill.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 25
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Tribal Participation in EPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment
Four tribal governments within Region 8 (Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Blackfeet Tribe, Fort Peck Assiniboine
and Sioux Tribes, and Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone Tribes) participated in water quality monitoring
and data collection for the National Rivers and Streams Assessment. This is a joint effort by EPA, states, and
tribes. The two-year survey will help determine the extent to which U.S. streams and rivers support healthy
ecosystems, recreation, and fish consumption. Sites were randomly selected, enabling EPA to make statistically
valid statements about the condition of waters nationally and regionally. A report will be issued in 2012.
Tribes that had one or more of these randomly generated sampling sites within their reservation boundaries
were invited to participate in water quality data collection. At each sampling site, tribal field crews collected
samples for basic water chemistry, periphyton, chlorophyll, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish. Field crews
also assessed physical habitat condition such as bank stability, channel alteration, and invasive species. Samples
were analyzed at national labs. EPA provided training to the tribal crews, and accompanied them in the field,
as needed. As a result of the survey work, participating tribes increased their technical capacity to collect many
different types of water quality data.
Tribes that participated in EPA's National Rivers and
Streams Assessment increased their technical capacity to
collect a wide range of water quality data.
Below: Tony Ranalli (USGS) records field parameters
at a spring near the community of White Mesa, Utah.
Right: Wind River Lake, Wind River Reservation,
Wyoming.
~"?«^
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7>
r
\
WREQC's Native Waters Youth Leadership Camp, Wind River, Wyoming.
Wind River Environmental Quality Commission (Wyoming)
The Wind River Environmental Quality Commission (WREQC) has worked with the Native Waters Youth
Leadership Camp, local elementary schools, charter schools, and high schools to educate students about the
WREQC's efforts to improve and protect water quality. WREQC staff and students focus on environmental
stewardship and protecting residents of the Wind River Reservation by caring for their water resources. Staff
also give presentations on ground and surface water quality monitoring and teach classes on macroinvertebrates
and fresh water clams.
WREQC staff members have led monthly field trips for local students to educate them about the unique
features of the Wind River, which begins at 8,300 feet and travels through four drainage basins on the way to
Wyoming's Red Desert at 4,000 feet. Students study the different habitats, eco-regions, and riparian zones found
along the river's course.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 27
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REGION 9
Hualapai Nation
(Arizona)
EPA Region 9 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval 97
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009) 32.2%
Total Tribal Land Area 42,474 sq. mi.
Total Tribal Surface Water Area 252 sq. mi.
The Hualapai Nation's Water
Pollution Control Program is a testament
to the critical importance of Section
106 funding in building tribal water
quality programs from the ground up.
The Hualapai Reservation covers approximately 1 million acres on the southern rim of the Grand Canyon, and
approximately 2,300 tribal members live on the Reservation. Its surface waterbodies consist of small seeps,
springs, and meandering creeks, which drain into 108 miles of the Colorado River.
In 1991, the Tribe established its water pollution control program using its first Section 106 grant. The
Tribe used subsequent grants to implement the program and develop its first EPA-approved quality assurance
project plan (QAPP). The Tribe has built a monitoring network that consists of 3 USGS stream-flow gauging
stations, 11 miscellaneous surface water sites, and 52 springs. These sites are continually monitored for pH, total
dissolved solids, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, fecal coliform, and temperature. The Tribe
also continuously monitors tributaries on the Reservation to ensure that they are not contributing to further
impairment of the Colorado River.
The Tribe's Water Pollution Control Program has also developed management measures to restore or protect
waterbodies impacted by NFS pollution, developed (in 1995) and updated (in 2005) a Water Quality Assessment
(305(b)) report, and developed WQS and certification programs.
The updated Water Quality Assessment Report indicates that the Tribe's NFS and wetlands restoration
projects decreased levels of fecal coliform, conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and soil erosion, and
increases in wetland vegetation. The Tribe has also assessed all of its perennial river and stream miles and
approximately 98% of its springs. These waters can now support recreation, wildlife, livestock, and municipal
and domestic uses.
Left: Water quality monitoring at Warm Spring in the
Grand Canyon, Hualapai Reservation, Arizona. Below:
Water quality monitoring at Peyate Spring, Hualapai
Reservation, Arizona.
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Above: Coyote Valley, California. Left: Hualapai
Nation, Arizona.
Coyote Valley Band of Porno Indians (California)
The Coyote Valley Reservation covers 76 acres in northwestern California, and is bordered by the Russian
River and one of its tributaries, Forsythe Creek. U.S. Highway 101, a heavily traveled route, traverses the
Reservation. The Tribe's surface waters house a coldwater fishery, which has been declining over the years due to
siltation from timber harvesting, agricultural runoff, gravel mining, cattle grazing, and upstream development by
off-Reservation landowners.
The Tribe's water quality monitoring program began in 1991 as a summer program for tribal youth. Since
thattime, Section 106 funding has been instrumental in helping the Tribe to identify NFS of pollution, for
restoration activities under the Tribe's NFS pollution control program, and to conduct regular surface water
monitoring and data analysis. The Tribe has also augmented its Section 106 funding with grants from three
other sources (Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Fish and Wildlife, and California Fish and Game) to fund an ongoing
watershed assessment through upstream stakeholder outreach, education, and cooperation.
The Tribe also used monitoring data to identify sources of polluted runoff on the Reservation. In 2003, the
Tribe used Section 319 funding to install a riparian buffer zone and planted native plants and grasses to serve as
a filter. These efforts have eliminated observable oil films in Reservation streams, following storm events.
Although the Tribe has achieved measurable improvements in water quality (i.e., cooler summertime water
temperatures), as demonstrated through field monitoring and spawning surveys, technical and youth staff will
continue to collect data to empirically demonstrate a temperature improvement.
The Coyote Valley Band of Porno Indians eliminated
observable oil films in Reservation streamsJollowing storm
events by installing a riparian buffer zone and planting
native plants and grasses.
TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT I 29
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REGION 10
Shoshone-Bannock
Tribes (Idaho)
EPA Region 10 Overview: FY 2009
Number of Tribes with Section 106 TAS Approval 38
% Tribal Section 106 Funding (FY 2009) 13.8%
Total Tribal Land Area 9,324 sq. mi.
Total Tribal Surface Water Area 287 sq. mi.
The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes
reside on the Fort Hall Reservation in
southeastern Idaho. The Reservation
was established by the Fort Bridger
Treaty of 1868 as a 1.8 million acre
homeland for the Shoshone and Bannock Indian Tribes. Today the Reservation population is approximately
5,759, with a land base of nearly 550,000 acres. The land use is dominated by agriculture, with approximately
120,000 acres in irrigated agriculture or dry-land farming and approximately 340,000 acres of rangelands.
The Reservation traverses the Snake River Plain and North Basin and Range and is also home to three
primary rivers (Snake, Blackfoot and Portneuf) as well as a unique wetland complex named the "Bottoms."
The Bottoms is comprised of rivers, wetlands, and springs that are used for subsistence hunting, fishing, and
gathering, as well as ceremonial practices. The Bottoms also provide important wildlife habitat.
The Reservation ground water consists of several localized shallow unconsolidated aquifers. The aquifers are
generally found 20 to 50 feet below ground level over a portion of the regional basalt aquifer (the Eastern Snake
River Plain Aquifer) that has been likened to the size of Lake Erie.
The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes became eligible to receive Section 106 funding in 1990. Section 106 funds
support 1.5 staff positions and critical activities such as water quality monitoring and addressing ground
water contamination issues. The Tribes have also worked with the State of Idaho on total maximum daily load
development. In September 2008, the Tribes were granted TAS to administer WQS. The Tribes are currently
working with EPA to develop EPA-approved WQS.
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) was first detected in a drinking water source within the Reservation in 1990.
Subsequent sampling revealed more than 130 wells contaminated with the pesticide, which is banned by EPA.
Due to the nature of EDB as a dense non-aqueous phase liquid, the large spatial distribution, and the highly
fractionated system of the regional aquifer, it is virtually impossible to actively eradicate EDB from the aquifer
and EDB remains a public health threat to residents of the Reservation. The Water Quality Program is charged
with monitoring the contamination for migration and occurrence. Program staff monitor a network of wells
within the zone of contamination and down-gradient of the leading edge of known contamination. A sustained
level of Section 106 funding is critical to this effort, as collection of adequate samples depends upon funds
available.
Farming and ranching activities on the Reservation contribute to significant pollution inputs to tribal water
bodies. In addition, all major waterbodies that flow through the Reservation are identified as impaired before
30 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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entering the Reservation. The Tribes, EPA, and the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality developed a
memorandum of understanding (MOU) to lay the foundation for completing total maximum daily loads on waters
shared by the Tribes and the State of Idaho. In August 2006, the MOU was extended until the total maximum
daily loads are completed and implemented or for a period of three years, whichever comes first. The Tribes have
successfully developed (and in some cases are revising) total maximum daily loads for all their waterbodies.
Yakama Nation (Washington)
In the treaty with the Yakama Nation (June 8,1855) almost 11 million acres were ceded to the United
States. The fourteen tribes and bands that signed the treaty retained usufruct rights (hunting, fishing, gathering,
pasturing horses and cattle) in their original lands, and also reserved 1.4 million acres for their homeland. With
the subsequent Dawes Act, the Reservation became checkerboarded, with most of the fertile agricultural lands in
the lower valleys passing out of tribal ownership to fee lands. The Tribe has retained certain tracts, including a
portion of the Reservation on the eastern flanks of the Cascade Mountains that is closed to non-tribal members.
Today, approximately 80% of the Yakama Nation's 10,000 members live on or near the Reservation, and 32,000
A sustained level of Section 106Junding is critical to
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes' monitoring effort, as collection of
adequate samples depends uponjunds available.
Lower Elwha River, Washington.
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Lower Elwha River, Washington.
non-Yakama reside within the Yakama Reservation. The Yakama Reservation has a significant number of
permitted facilities.
The Yakama Nation became eligible to receive Section 106 funding in 1990, and for Section 319 funding
in 2008. The Tribe uses Section 106 funding to support two staff positions and a multi-faceted program that
addresses point source and NFS pollution issues and multi-state watershed concerns (i.e., the Columbia River
Basin). Program areas include:
WQS: The Tribe submitted a TAS application for EPA-approved WQSs and 401 certification authorization in
November 1994. Due to the complexity of issues surrounding the Reservation (boundary and checkerboard
land status among them), the authorization is still pending. The Yakama Tribal Council adopted the Yakama
Nation WQSs in November 2005.
Permitting Programs: The Tribe has expressed interest in federal inspector credentials for the NPDES
program, and staff have participated in inspector training opportunities. Credentials have been issued for
pesticides and for hazardous waste program areas.
Water Quality Monitoring: The Tribe's QAPP was renewed and approved in 2005. The Tribe has since
developed and received approval for a supplemental QAPP for watershed assessments including nutrients
(nitrogen, phosphorous) and biological integrity (habitat information, bacteria, macroinvertebrates).
The information from the watershed assessments were used to generate a NFS Assessment Report and
Management Plan, which were essential for acquiring TAS approval for the Section 319 program.
Education and Outreach: Changes in agricultural practice can lead to significant improvements in water
quality. The Tribal Water Quality Program hosts an annual workshop for the agricultural community on
the Reservation to promote conservation, sustainable agriculture, and protection of water quality. The
workshop showcases demonstration projects such as grass filter strips and surge irrigation.
32 I TRIBAL SECTION 106 PROGRAM STATUS REPORT
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VII. REGIONAL CONTACTS &
ACRONYMS
Region 1
Jeanne Cosgrove » (617) 918-1667 » cosgrove.jeanne@epa.gov
Region 2
Alyssa Arcaya » (212) 637-3730 » arcaya.alyssa@epa.gov
Region 4
Cynthia Edwards » (404) 562-9340 » edwards.cynthiay@epa.gov
Region 5
Daniel Cozza* (312) 886-7252 » cozza.daniel@epa.gov
Dave Horak* (312) 353-4306 » horak.dave@epa.gov
Region 6
George Craft* (214) 665-6684* craft.george@epa.gov
Region 7
Jennifer Ousley » (913) 551-7498 » ousley.jennifer@epa.gov
Region 8
Sam Vance* (303) 312-6755 » vance.sam@epa.gov
Randy Brown » (303) 312-6048 » brown03.randy@epa.gov
Region 9
Wendell Smith* (415) 972-3421» smith.wendell@epa.gov
Danielle Angeles » (415) 972-3441 » angeles.danielle@epa.gov
Region 10
Janette Rau» (206) 553-0483 » rau.janette@epa.gov
Acronyms
CWA - Clean Water Act
EPA- U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
FY - Fiscal Year
CIS - Geographic Information System
MOU - Memorandum of
Understanding
NPDES - National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System
QAPP - Quality Assurance Project
Plan
NPS - Non-point Source
TAS - Treatment in a Manner Similar
to a State
USGS - U.S. Geological Survey
WQS - Water Quality Standard
WQX - Water Quality Exchange
*
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For More Information Visit:
www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/pollutioncontrol.htm
Office of Water (4606 M)
EPA 832-R-09-00
December 2009
www.epa.gov/owm
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