United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 EPA-454/B-98-002 November 1998 www.epa.gov/ttn/chief CDA Handbook for Air Toxics Emission Inventory Development Volume I: Stationary Sources ------- Disclaimer This document was furnished to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by Eastern Research Group, Inc. This document is final and has been reviewed and approved for publication. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed represent those of the authors and not necessarily the EPA. Any mention of company or product names does not constitute an endorsement by the EPA. 11 ------- CONTENTS Section Page Table of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 How Will This Document Help Me? 1-1 1.2 How Is This Document Organized? 1-1 1.3 What Assumptions Were Made In Preparing This Document? 1-2 1.4 Who Do I Contact for Help? 1-3 2.0 PRELIMINARY PLANNING ACTIVITIES 2-1 2.1 How Do I Define the Purpose of an Air Toxics Emissions Inventory? 2-1 2.2 What Resource Issues Must I Consider? 2-2 2.2.1 Internal Resources 2-2 2.2.2 External Resources 2-3 2.3 Why Should I Assess Existing State Inventories For Air Toxics Data? 2-3 2.4 Why Should I Conduct a Preliminary Screening Study? 2-3 3.0 INVENTORY WORK PLAN 3-1 3.1 How Do I Determine Which Pollutants To Inventory? 3-1 3.2 How Do I Identify Sources of Concern? 3-6 3.2.1 How Do I Categorize Major Sources? 3-7 3.2.2 How Do I Categorize Area Sources? 3-8 3.3 What Data Do I Report? 3-8 3.3.1 Reporting Frequency 3-8 3.3.2 Data Reporting Procedures 3-9 3.3.3 Data Elements To Be Reported 3-9 3.4 How Do I Assess the Completeness of the Inventory? 3-9 3.5 What QA/QC Procedures Should I Follow? 3-9 3.6 How Do I Avoid Double Counting? 3-10 4.0 INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT 4-1 4.1 What Are the Main Approaches to Inventory Development? 4-1 4.2 What Are the Methods for Estimating Emissions? 4-1 4.2.1 Emission Factors 4-3 4.2.2 Material Balance 4-4 4.2.3 Source Testing 4-5 in ------- CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page 4.2.4 Emission Estimation Models 4-6 4.2.5 Surveys and Questionnaires 4-6 4.2.6 Engineering Judgment/Best Approximation 4-7 4.3 How Do I Select Which Method To Use for Estimating Emissions? 4-7 4.4 What Emission Databases Are Available? 4-8 4.5 Where Do I Find Emission Factor Information? 4-8 4.5.1 Emission Factor Documents 4-9 4.5.2 Emission Factor Databases 4-10 4.5.3 Existing Source Testing Data 4-10 4.5.4 MSDSs and CPDSs 4-10 4.6 Where Do I Find Applicable Activity Parameters? 4-11 4.7 What Special Issues Should I Consider When Estimating Stationary Source Toxic Emissions? 4-13 5.0 EMISSIONS INVENTORY MAINTENANCE AND UPDATE 5-1 6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6-1 7.0 DEFINITIONS OF COMMONLY USED TERMS 7-1 APPENDICES A List of Hazardous Air Pollutants By CAS Number B Alphabetical Listing of Hazardous Air Pollutants C Hazardous Air Pollutants Synonym List D List of Available EIIP Documents E Contacts El List of EPA Regional Office Air Toxic Contacts E2 List of EIIP Contacts F Overview of Reference Materials G Lists of FY99 105 Grant, Section 112(c)(6), Section 112(k), and Great Waters HAPs IV ------- CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page H HAP List and Individual Constituents I List of Hazardous Air Pollutants and Associated MACT Source Categories J List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants K EPA List of Priority HAPs and Data Reporting Elements L Example Calculations M Source Test Methods For Air Toxics N List of Emission Factor Resources O Air Toxics Emission Inventory Questionnaire Elements, Considerations, and Follow-up Procedures P List of Published L&E Documents Q List of Relevant Web Sites ------- TABLE OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS AFS AIRS AMTIC AP-42 ACT BID CAA CAAA CARS CAS No. CATC CBI CFR CHIEF CPDS CTG EDI EFIG El EIIP EMTIC EPA EPCRA ESD FIRE Airs Facility Subsystem Aerometric Information Retrieval System Ambient Monitoring Technology Information Center Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors available control technique background information document Clean Air Act 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments California Air Resources Board Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number Clean Air Technology Center confidential business information Code of Federal Regulations Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emission Factors Certified Product Data Sheet control techniques guideline electronic data interchange Emission Factor and Inventory Group emission inventory Emission Inventory Improvement Program Emission Measurement Technical Information Center United States Environmental Protection Agency Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Emission Standards Division Factor Information Retrieval System VI ------- TABLE OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS (CONTINUED) FTP FY GLC GPO GPRA HAP HAP-PRO IRIS L&E LAEEM MACT MSDS NAAQS NAICS NESHAP NET NSPS NTI NTIS OAQPS PAH POM PM QA/QC QAP file transfer protocol fiscal year Great Lakes Commission Government Printing Office Government Performance and Results Act hazardous air pollutant Hazardous Air Pollutant Program Integrated Risk Information System locating and estimating Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model Maximum Achievable Control Technology Material Safety Data Sheet National Ambient Air Quality Standards North American Industry Classification System National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants National Emissions Trend New Source Performance Standards National Toxics Inventory National Technical Information Service Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polycyclic organic matter particulate matter quality assurance/quality control quality assurance plan Vll ------- TABLE OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS (CONTINUED) RAPIDS RMP SAEWG SARA sec SIC SOCMI STAPPA/ALAPCO 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDF TEQ TRI TRIS TSDF TTN UATW VOC Regional Air Pollutant Inventory Development System Risk Management Plan Standing Air Emissions Work Group Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Source Classification Code Standard Industrial Classification synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators/Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran toxic equivalent Toxic Release Inventory Toxic Release Inventory System Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility Technology Transfer Network Unified Air Toxics Web site volatile organic compound Vlll ------- 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 How Will This Document Help Me? This document will assist state and local air pollution control agency personnel in compiling an inventory of air toxics emissions from stationary (major and area) sources. In this document, major and area sources are discussed together. Under ideal circumstances, all stationary sources would be considered major sources for purposes of developing emission inventories. In reality, however, only sources emitting more than a specified cutoff level of a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) or combination of HAPs are considered major sources. Major sources are typically inventoried individually on a facility-by-facility basis and area sources are usually inventoried collectively. This document describes "top-down" as well as "bottom-up" inventory preparation procedures and contains valuable information on obtaining reference materials. A top-down approach means emission estimates are developed using national- or regional-level activity data and some measure of emissions that can be applied to these data. A bottom-up approach means estimates are developed specifically for individual sources and summed to obtain state or county level emission estimates. This document does not include an exhaustive list of references, but rather provides a list of the most commonly used and readily available materials. This document does not mandate specific emission estimation methods, but rather presents those methods that can be used taking into consideration an agency's resources and goals. 1.2 How Is This Document Organized? The document is divided into two major parts. The main body consists of Sections 1 through 7 and presents various tools and techniques for: Identifying sources and pollutants of concern; Locating activity data; Locating emission factors; and Estimating emissions. For toxics, a major source is defined as any source (i.e., a contiguous area under common control) of toxic air pollution that emits or has the potential to emit 10 tons per year of any one hazardous air pollutant, or 25 tons per year or more of a combination of hazardous air pollutants. 1-1 ------- Issues that should be considered when planning and compiling an air toxics inventory are also discussed. The second part of this document provides a series of appendices that complement the main body. Each of these appendices serves as a useful source of information for some aspect of air toxics inventory preparation and compilation. The emphasis in the appendices is on providing greater detail for estimating emissions and preparing inventories than appears in the main body. 1.3 What Assumptions Were Made In Preparing This Document? This document was prepared based on the following premises: That most state and local agencies focus their air toxic inventory efforts on the 188 HAPs or a subset of these HAPs. Appendices A and B list HAPs by Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) number and in alphabetical order, respectively. Appendix C includes a listing of the most commonly used HAP synonyms. That most state and local agencies focus their air toxic inventory efforts primarily on the source categories regulated by Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards; That state and local agency personnel have access to the World Wide Web and personnel are computer literate; That agency personnel are responsible for determining how the inventory will be used within the state's air quality program; That agency personnel are responsible for establishing the priority or hierarchy of source categories and HAPs that will be inventoried; and That agency personnel are familiar with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published procedures for compiling emissions inventories. NOTE: If you are not familiar with basic emission inventory preparation procedures, you should consult the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) reference materials described in Appendix D or review some of the available materials on the Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emission Factors (CHIEF) World Wide Web site at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/. NOTE: All Web sites referenced in this document were valid at the time this document was prepared. If you check a Web page address and find that it has expired, check the primary Web address, or call the Info CHIEF help desk at (919) 541-5285. 1-2 ------- 1.4 Who Do I Contact for Help? Many different people and agencies in the United States focus their efforts on air toxics issues. Various EPA offices and programs and other federal agencies as well as state agencies may also be able to provide information on characterizing and estimating emissions. Potential sources of information among federal agencies include: EPA's Regional Air Toxic Coordinators (see Appendix El for list and contact information); EPA's Emission Factor and Inventory Group (EFIG) within the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS); EPA's Emission Standards Division (ESD) within OAQPS; EPA research laboratories; The U.S. Department of Energy; and The U.S. Department of Agriculture. These federal agencies conduct projects to characterize and assess toxic air pollutants and may have valuable information pertaining to pollutants and source categories of interest to you. For example, during MACT standard development projects, the ESD conducts detailed studies on specific industries and typically characterizes and estimates pollutants being emitted from each piece of equipment and/or release point. During these standard development projects, source tests are typically performed and emission factors are usually developed from the data. Potential sources of information among regional, state, and local air pollution agencies include: The Great Lakes Commission (GLC); The State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators (STAPPA)/Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO) membership directory on the Web at http: www.4cleanair.org; and The California Air Resources Board (CARS). 1-3 ------- Great Lakes Commission The Great Lakes Commission (GLC), an eight-state compact agency that focuses on regional environmental quality, resources management, and economic development, is experienced in the development of a regional air toxics inventory comprising statewide inventories from eight states and one Canadian province. The multiphased "Great Lakes Regional Air Toxics Inventory" has produced two pilot inventories, and is currently developing its base year inventory. The annual inventory effort now targets 79 air toxic pollutants from point, area, and mobile sources. A protocol has been developed to guide inventory development in the states, assure consistency, and assist in identifying sources. A state-of-the-art flexible relational database system, the Regional Air Pollutant Inventory Development System (RAPIDS) has been developed and is equipped with an emission estimation module that follows the protocol. RAPIDS also contains the U.S. EPA's Factor Information Retrieval System (FIRE) emission factors and is able to incorporate state and source-specific emission factors. In the process of developing the inventory, the GLC and its member states have developed quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures. The Great Lakes states and Ontario continue to assist one another in addressing inventory development issues as the project moves forward into new territory. The protocol and the RAPIDS software are free and available on-line at http://www.glc.org/projects/air/rapids/rapids.html. Additional information on GLC's activities and resources can be obtained through the GLC Web site at http://www.glc.orgl. STAPPA/ALAPCO STAPPA and ALAPCO are the two national associations representing air pollution control agencies in the 50 states, in 4 U.S. territories, and in over 150 major metropolitan areas across the United States. STAPPA/ALAPCO has participated in several ventures with EPA aimed at improving the understanding of air pollution issues. For example, the EIIP is a jointly sponsored effort of STAPPA/ALAPCO and EPA, and is an outgrowth of the Standing Air Emissions Work Group (SAEWG). EIIP is an excellent source of information on estimating emissions from a wide range of major, area, and mobile sources. Detailed discussions on how EIIP can help are provided throughout this document, and a complete list of EIIP documents is provided in Appendix D. California Air Resources Board One of CARS's stated goals is to continuously improve the understanding of the nature and causes of California's air quality problems. To achieve this goal, CARB conducts ongoing research to develop and improve on new emissions estimation methodologies and emission factors. For example, CARB developed toxics emission factors from source data collected under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Program (Assembly Bill 2588). Under this program, source test reports were validated and analyzed to produce hundreds of HAP emission factors. Additional information on the Air Toxics Hot Spots Program and other CARB activities and resources can be obtained through CARB's Web site at http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/toxics.htm. 1-4 ------- Other Contacts Appendices El and E2 contain a compilation of names and addresses that you may contact for help. In addition, several agencies provide public forums for information exchange such as a question and answer board or "chat room" on their Web site. For example, the Unified Air Toxics Web site (UATW) Forum encourages informal dialogue about air toxics information from federal, state, and local agency personnel. Anyone may submit questions, comments, and responses to the UATW Forum. However, because this is a public discussion, statements made on the UATW Forum do not necessarily represent EPA policy. Resources available through the UATW are discussed in more detail in Appendix N of this handbook. The UATW Forum can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www.epa.gOV/cgi-bin/netforum/uatw/a/l. The OAQPS Emission Inventory (El) Public Forum is a Web-based discussion site specific to the preparation of emission inventories. Anyone may submit questions, comments, and responses. The objective is to provide an easy and effective venue for seeking and providing information about air pollution. Because this is a public discussion, statements made on the El Forum do not necessarily represent EPA policy. You may initiate discussion by submitting a message or responding to a previous message. A submission will normally appear on the El Forum within one working day. The El Forum can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www. epa.gov/cgi-bin/netforum/nei/a/l. The Technology Transfer Network (TTN) operated by OAQPS includes the CHIEF bulletin board, through which you can access the latest information on emission inventories and emission factors. The CHIEF Forum is another Web-based discussion site about air emission inventories, emission factors, and closely related subjects. You may initiate discussion by submitting a message or responding to a previous message. A submission will normally appear on the CHIEF Forum within one working day. However, because this is a public discussion, statements made on the CHIEF Forum do not necessarily represent EPA policy. The topics discussed on the CHIEF Forum are: Methodologies for assembling emission inventories; Methodologies for arriving at activity levels for area sources; and Methodologies for developing emission factors for major and area sources. The CHIEF Forum can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www. epa.gov/cgi-bin/netforum/chief/a/l. 1-5 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. 1-6 ------- 2.0 PRELIMINARY PLANNING ACTIVITIES Many aspects of preparing an air toxics inventory are similar to those of preparing criteria pollutant inventories. Hence, basic procedures for compiling criteria pollutant inventories are not repeated here. You should refer to the EIIP reference materials listed in Appendix D or review some of the materials available on the CHIEF World Wide Web site that pertain to emission inventory development. The major difference between air toxics and criteria pollutant inventories is the pollutants covered. Because there are literally thousands of potentially toxic substances as compared to only a handful of criteria pollutants, the compilation effort can become formidable since data collection and data handling resource needs increase quickly as more and more substances are inventoried. In this regard, limiting the number of pollutants included in a detailed inventory to those of most concern may be valuable to your efforts. The National Toxics Inventory (NTI) is a valuable source of information. The NTI can serve as a starting point in compiling a list of the source categories and the associated HAP emissions, and can provide an idea of what source categories contribute significantly to air pollution in your state. A brief overview of the NTI appears in Appendix F. NTI data can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through EPA's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/. 2.1 How Do I Define the Purpose of an Air Toxics Emissions Inventory? An important consideration in planning is to determine how the inventory will fit into your agency's overall air quality program. Some of the main benefits to compiling an air toxics emissions inventory include: Having summary information on sources and their emissions (to allow an evaluation of public health risk, or an assessment for residual risk standards development, for example); Satisfying federal and state regulatory standards; Filling in gaps and missing information not covered by other toxics programs (e.g., Form R reporting under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 [EPCRA]); and Addressing environmental justice issues. The anticipated purpose of the inventory will dictate the level of complexity and accuracy required. Major uses for air toxics inventories include but are not limited to: Satisfying a legislative or other mandate; 2-1 ------- Identifying sources and general emission strengths, patterns, and trends; Storing data from related programs (e.g., permit registration compilation data, emergency preparedness data, community right-to-know data); Siting ambient air monitors; Developing input files for dispersion models used in predicting ambient air quality; Focusing subsequent inventory work or other program development efforts; Identifying multiple source and multiple pollutant problem areas characterized by high additive risk; and Developing control strategies and new regulations. 2.2 What Resource Issues Must I Consider? Different levels of detail are needed depending on the anticipated uses of the air toxics inventory. As discussed above, it is important that your agency be aware of resource issues and of the potential uses of the proposed inventory before embarking on any data collection effort. 2.2.1 Internal Resources Internal resources and issues that your agency must consider during the inventory planning phase include: Availability of staff and staff expertise; Budget allocations; Schedule and milestone completion dates; Computer/data management capabilities; Data handling systems; Availability of emissions inventory-related data; and Coordination of efforts within the agency (i.e., coordinating with emission standards implementation efforts, permitting programs, etc.). 2-2 ------- 2.2.2 External Resources External resources are made available to state and local agencies through the Section 105 Grant process. It is your responsibility to ensure that sufficient funds are allocated to developing a toxics inventory. In addition to the major uses of air toxics inventories listed in Section 2.1, air toxic emission inventories are used by EPA to measure air toxic reductions under the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). To ensure that air toxic emission inventories are compiled, EPA makes Section 105 Grant funds available. 2.3 Why Should I Assess Existing State Inventories for Air Toxics Data? An existing criteria pollutant inventory is a valuable starting point for compiling an inventory of HAP emissions. The first step in this process is to determine if HAPs are potentially emitted from a source emitting criteria pollutants. If, for example, a facility is a source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, site-specific speciation profiles may be applied to the VOC emissions reported in the criteria pollutant inventory in order to estimate HAP emissions from that facility. Facilities contained in a criteria pollutant inventory provide an excellent base from which to build a HAP inventory. Other sources of emissions within your state must be examined to identify other HAP emission points. As a result, relying solely on the criteria pollutant inventory to identify sources of HAP emissions may result in an undercount of sources and consequently an underestimate of HAP emissions. On the other hand, every source in the criteria pollutant inventory will not necessarily emit HAP emissions. Sections 3.1 and 3.2 of this handbook discuss how to identify pollutants and sources of interest, respectively, and should be consulted. 2.4 Why Should I Conduct a Preliminary Screening Study? It may prove helpful during the planning process to conduct a screening study before commencing with a detailed air toxics inventory. The general idea behind a screening study is to develop preliminary estimates of emissions in order for the agency to focus its program and resources on the most important sources and pollutants. A screening study should provide the agency with enough information to determine the following: What pollutants should be addressed in more detail? What source categories should be emphasized? What geographic areas should be included ? What is the relative importance of major sources and area sources? 2-3 ------- To what extent can the existing inventories and permit files be used as a foundation for the air toxics inventory? Can upset or equipment malfunction reports provide useful emissions data? Can Risk Management Plans (RMPs) submitted under Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act provide useful emissions data? Can the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) provide useful emission data? Ideally, a screening study should be performed quickly and inexpensively and yet yield results that allow the agency to make confident decisions concerning program directions. More detailed discussions about conducting screening inventories can be found in the EPA report Compiling Air Toxics Emission Inventories (EPA, February 1990). 2-4 ------- 3.0 INVENTORY WORK PLAN Currently, 188 HAPs are regulated under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act, and thousands of other potentially toxic substances are being emitted into the environment. Your agency may not have the resources to pursue each of these pollutants and might choose to prioritize the pollutants it needs to inventory. Moreover, some source categories may be of greater importance in your state and of more concern to your agency; therefore, the pollutants emitted from these sources would be of greater concern. As a result, identifying the pollutants and the source categories to include in your inventory is necessary early in the inventory process. Such decisions are best documented in the inventory work plan. The inventory work plan is a concise, prescriptive document that describes how you intend to develop and present the inventory. This section describes the minimum elements that you should address in an inventory work plan. Volume I of the EIIP series provides an extensive list of issues that will generally be included in a work plan. 3.1 How Do I Determine Which Pollutants To Inventory? EPA identified a list of priority HAPs for inclusion in an air toxics inventory. The proposed EPA list is shown in Table 3.1. There are many other resources and criteria that can be consulted to determine whether a group of HAPs should be included in your inventory to meet your individual agency/state needs and the purpose of your inventory: Lists developed through various CAA-prescribed regulatory programs and included in Appendix G of this document. Examples include: - Section 112(c)(6) list (EPA, April 1998), http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112c6/112c6fac. html Section 112(k) Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy list (EPA, September 1997), http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112k/riurban.html - Section 112(m) Great Waters Program list (EPA, June 1997), http://www. epa.gov/oar/gr8water/report9 7. html MACT Crosswalk, a database that matches Source Classification Codes (SCCs) to MACT source categories, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ Pollutants of interest from special studies such as the Mercury Study Report to Congress (EPA, December 1997) and the Study of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Electric Utility Steam Generating Units (EPA, February 1998); 3-1 ------- Table 3-1. List of HAPs Identified by EPA as Priority HAPs HAP Acetaldehyde Acrolein Acryl amide Acrylonitrile Arsenic & compounds Benzene Benzyl chloride Beryllium & compounds bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1,3 -Butadiene Cadmium & compounds Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Chromium & compounds Coke oven emissions 1 ,2-Dibromoethane 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene(P) 1 ,2-Dichloropropane 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,4-Dioxane Ethyl aery late Ethylene dichloride Ethyl ene oxide Ethylidene dichloride Formaldehyde Glycol ethers Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hydrazine Hydrochloric acid Lead & compounds Maleic anhydride Manganese & compounds Mercury & compounds Methyl bromide CAS# 75070 107028 79061 107131 71432 100447 117817 106990 56235 7782505 67663 106934 106467 78875 542756 123911 140885 107062 75218 75343 50000 118741 77474 302012 7647010 108316 74839 3-2 ------- Table 3-1. List of HAPs Identified by EPA as Priority HAPs (Continued) HAP Methyl chloride Methyl ene chloride MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) Nickel & compounds 2-Nitropropane Phosgene POM(PAHs)** Quinoline 2,3,7,8-TCDF/2,3,7,8-TCDD* Tetrachl oroethyl ene Toluene Tri chl oroethyl ene Vinyl chloride CAS# 74873 75092 101688 79469 75445 91225 127184 108883 79016 75014 Polycyclic organic matter; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Inventory POM as the sum of the 16 PAH compounds and speciate. The 16 PAH compounds include: Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benz(a)anthracene* Benzo(a)pyrene* Benzo(b)fluoranthene* Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene* Chrysene* Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene* Dibenz(a,h)anthracene* Naphthalene Fluoranthene Phenanthrene Fluorene Pyrene *these 7 PAHs are carcinogenic and are usually reported as the sum of 7 PAH 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran/2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Inventory these HAPs as toxic equivalents (TEQs). 3-3 ------- Substance toxicity; Emissions potential; Potentially exposed populations; Lists published by EPA such as the Initial List of Categories of Sources Under Section 112(c)(l) of the Clean Air Act Amendments (Federal Register, July 16, 1992) and the Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program Interim Guidance list; Lists published by states with more established air toxics programs; Lists of substances included in the state's right-to-know program; Lists mandated to an agency by a legislature; Published studies of the noncancer health risks for air toxics; EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), an electronic database containing information on human health effects that may result from exposure to 536 different chemicals, http://www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/iris/subst-fl.htm; Pollutants reported to the Toxic Release Inventory System (TRIS) under Section 313 ofEPCRA;and Any combination of the above. Although some air toxics are widespread, such as emissions from area sources (e.g., benzene from gasoline distribution), many compounds are industry- or source category-specific and might be emitted only by a few large producers geographically concentrated in only a few states. Your agency might choose to exclude those pollutants for which no emission factors or emission information exists until these data become available. The remaining pollutants can then be evaluated for their toxicity and substances with a fairly low toxicity could be eliminated from the final set of air toxics to be inventoried. You are also encouraged to contact your EPA Regional Office to agree on which compounds to include in the inventory. Pollutant Definitions Inconsistencies in reporting can occur when: 3-4 ------- A single HAP has several commonly used names (synonyms). For example, perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene are synonyms for the same chemical; A HAP may have several isomers (e.g., o-, m-, and p-xylenes) and sometimes are reported individually and other times are reported as a mixed group; Metal compounds may be quantified and reported individually or as a group (e.g., chromium trioxide versus chromium and compounds); and Compounds may be mistakenly reported individually and in a group (e.g., naphthalene may be quantified and reported individually from solvent use and as part of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). To avoid these types of inconsistencies, during inventory work plan development, you should identify not only what pollutants will be included in the inventory, but how each compound will be reported. Compounds and/or groups of compounds to decide upon before data collection begins include: Metals and other elements - Metal compounds may be inventoried and reported as individual compounds or as combined compounds (e.g., beryllium or beryllium and compounds); Glycol ethers - The CAAA HAP list includes only the glycol ethers group, but individual compounds may be inventoried and reported. Some individual compounds in the glycol ethers group are listed in Appendix H; Dioxins and furans - Dioxins and furans can be listed in an inventory as individual congeners and/or as toxic equivalents (TEQs) of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The toxicity equivalency factor method is used as a reference in relating the toxicity of 209 chlorinated dioxin and furan congeners in terms of equivalent amounts of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. EPA's Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Dioxins and Furans (Dioxin L&E) describes this reference method in detail. A list of dioxins and furans can be found in the Dioxin L&E, which can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through EPA's Web site at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc. html#LE; and POM/PAHs - Polycyclic organic matter (POM) and PAHs are groups of chemicals typically emitted from combustion processes. EPA has recently published the POM L&E, which lists the different pollutants associated with this group of compounds. The complex mixture of POM consists of thousands of organic compounds. Because inventorying POM compounds individually is impossible, surrogate approaches should be used. Appendix H lists individual 3-5 ------- constituents usually included in these groups of compounds. The POM L&E can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through EPA's Web site at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/pom. html. 3.2 How Do I Identify Sources of Concern? As a starting point, you should review the information in Appendices I and J. These include information relating HAPs to source categories regulated under the MACT standards program and vice versa. Reviewing these tables will provide a general understanding of which pollutants are likely to be emitted from which source categories. Other sources of information follow. MACT Crosswalk Another valuable resource for identifying sources of concern is the MACT Crosswalk, a database that matches SCCs to MACT source categories. MACT Crosswalk can be downloaded from the CHIEF'S Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/. NTI Databases Other sources of information include state-specific NTI databases. These databases can be used to rank source categories included in the NTI by individual HAP emission levels and will provide an idea of what source categories contribute significantly to air pollution in your state. Alternatively, the state NTI databases can be used to rank HAP emissions and provide an idea of what HAPs are emitted in the largest quantities in your state. NTI data can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through EPA's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/. Other Information Sources You should also consult the following information to identify specific facilities that may emit HAPs of concern: Existing state inventories of HAPs and criteria pollutants; TRI data for your state, http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/tri/access.htm; Existing registration program of major sources (through annual inventory submittal programs, permit renewal programs, RMP submittals, and/or upset and malfunction reports), though such programs usually do not include smaller significant point (nonmajor) sources or fugitive emissions; Source categories identified as part of EPA studies to execute various CAA-prescribed regulatory programs including Section 112(c)(6), 3-6 ------- http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112c6/n2c6fac.html, and Section 112(k), http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112k/riuban. html; State and local industrial directories; The Dun andBradstreet Million Dollar Directory listing companies with sales over $1,000,000 per year by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code and county, http://www.dnb.com/; and Industries that are prevalent in the state (the agency may establish cutoff levels for toxics to exclude smaller sources from the inventory). You should be cautious when using criteria pollutant inventories or existing registration programs as sources of information on facilities emitting HAPs. In general, you will be dealing with the same type of sources in both criteria and HAP inventories because most HAPs are a subset of either PM or VOC. However, not every source of HAP emissions will be included in the criteria pollutant inventory. Moreover, every source in the criteria pollutant inventory will not necessarily emit HAP emissions. 3.2.1 How Do I Categorize Major Sources ? Major sources are typically categorized into the following broad groups that account for a large proportion of HAP emissions: Stationary fuel combustion (boilers, internal combustion engines); Petroleum-related industries (oil and gas production, petroleum refineries, basic petrochemicals); Synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry (SOCMI); Mineral products industry (processing and production of various nonmetallic minerals); Metal processing (mining, refining, production of metals); Inorganic chemical manufacturing industry (basic inorganic chemicals before they are used in the manufacture of other chemical products); Solvent use (surface coating, degreasing, fabric finishing, paint removal, polishing); 3-7 ------- Chemical products industry (carbon black, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, and plastics that may be used in further processing); and Wood products industry (conversion of logs to pulp, pulpboard, plywood, particleboard, or related wood products and wood preserving). 3.2.2 How Do I Categorize Area Sources? Area sources are typically categorized into the following broad groups: Commercial and consumer organic solvent usage (surface coating, dry cleaning, degreasing, graphic arts, rubber, and plastics; Stationary fuel combustion (heating including waste oil combustion); Material storage and distribution; Waste treatment and disposal; Miscellaneous industrial manufacturing operations; Comfort and industrial cooling towers; Miscellaneous sources (forest fires and agricultural burning); Gasoline service stations; and Hospital and laboratory sterilizers. 3.3 What Data Do I Report? Table 3-1 identified the list of HAPs identified as a priority list to be inventoried. Agencies having inventory data for any additional HAPs are encouraged to submit this information along with the data for the identified pollutants. Information in Appendix K may be modified by future guidance from EPA. 3.3.1 Reporting Frequency Air pollution control agencies have the option of reporting emissions from one-third of their sources each year or reporting on all sources once every three years. Agencies and their respective EPA Regional Offices may tailor the reporting by selecting sources that most affect each agency. The list of facilities should be reexamined each year of the cycle. State agencies and their respective EPA Regional Offices should periodically examine the list of compounds 3-8 ------- being reported to insure relevancy. States having legislatively mandated toxic data reporting schedules should contact their EPA Regional Office to reconcile any conflicting state and federal reporting requirements. 3.3.2 Data Reporting Procedures Several options are available for reporting emissions data. Because electronic reporting technology is constantly changing, state and local agencies should contact their EPA Regional Office to obtain the acceptable reporting formats. Currently, you may choose to continue reporting to the EPA Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) using the AIRS Facility Subsystem (AFS) format for point sources. A second option is for the agency to use the NET database input format. The NET input format creates relational, normalized data sets which conform to the relational standards and structure of EPA's NET Oracle database. Information on the NET input format may be found at www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/ei/. For the latest information on data reporting procedures, call the Info CHIEF help desk at (919)541-5285. 3.3.3 Data Elements To Be Reported Current lists of data elements to be reported for major and area sources of HAP emissions appear in Appendix K. Any data elements from these lists not reported will be generated by EPA using techniques at its disposal. The data elements to be reported may be modified over time and your agency should contact the EPA Regional Office for the most recent list of required data elements. 3.4 How Do I Assess the Completeness of the Inventory? You can check for completeness by manually comparing your existing inventory with the MACT source categories and lists of HAPs shown in Appendices I and J. You can also check existing permit files for facilities by source category to ensure that all types of sources were included. The EIIP series of documents addresses completeness checks and should be consulted for more information. 3.5 What QA/QC Procedures Should I Follow? You should include as part of the inventory work plan, a quality assurance plan (QAP). Issues to consider are: Quality control (QC) of calculations; Data verification procedures; Completeness checks; Consistency checks; 3-9 ------- Double counting; Reasonableness; and Data entry errors. Inventory documentation ensures that the final written report or compilation of data accurately reflects the inventory effort. Accurate and complete documentation is necessary to determine quality of emissions estimates, identify the data references, and allow reproducibility of emissions estimates. Volume I of the EIIP series discusses typical documentation requirements for preparing an inventory report. Chapter 2 of Volume VI of the EIIP series discusses the need for comprehensive documentation and reporting from a QA program standpoint and provides example documentation. 3.6 How Do I Avoid Double Counting? When an inventory contains major and area source contributions from the same process, it is possible that emissions could be double counted. The opportunity for this situation most frequently occurs when a top-down estimation method is used for the area source category. For example, emissions from large dry cleaning establishments (major sources) are included in an inventory. Emissions from small dry cleaners (below some specified cutoff) have been treated as an area source using a top-down approach. The area source inventory must be adjusted downward by subtracting the major source contributions to avoid double counting. Volume HI of the EIIP series describes in detail how such adjustments can be made and provides a list of example sources that may share processes with point or major sources. 3-10 ------- 4.0 INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT 4.1 What Are the Main Approaches to Inventory Development? There are two main approaches that your agency can follow in estimating HAP emissions: the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. Characteristics of a top-down approach are: National- or regional-level data are allocated to a state or county based on a surrogate parameter such as population or employment in a specific sector; May be used when (1) local data are not available (2) the cost to gather local information is prohibitive or (3) the end use of the data does not justify the cost of collecting detailed site-specific data; Typically used to inventory area sources; and Requires minimum resources by making use of readily available and often published activity and emission data. Characteristics of a bottom-up approach are: Requires more resources to collect site-specific information on emission sources, activity levels, and emission factors; Typically used to inventory major sources; and Results in more accurate estimates than a top-down approach. 4.2 What Are the Methods for Estimating Emissions? As discussed in Section 2.1 of this document, an important consideration in planning the inventory is to determine how it will fit into your agency's overall air quality program. This anticipated use of the inventory will then dictate the level of complexity and accuracy required. The main methods (both bottom-up and top-down approaches) currently used in estimating emissions of criteria pollutants can also be used to estimate emissions of air toxics. These methods include: Emission factors; 4-1 ------- Material balance (including fuel analysis); Source testing; Emission estimation models (usually software); Surveys and questionnaires; and Engineering judgment/best approximation. It is important for you to select the estimation methods and approaches based on the best available data. This selection should be done for each source category and pollutant being inventoried. A bottom-up approach to emissions inventories is more accurate, yet more resource intensive than a top-down approach. However, in some situations, especially with area sources, a top-down approach may be the only option available to the inventory preparer. A top-down approach is particularly useful when national or regional estimates or emission factors are the only sources of information available on emissions from a specific source category. These estimates may be the result of large studies conducted by a consortium of states or by the U.S. EPA to fulfill a regulatory requirement or a CAA mandate. The state agency may choose to use the results of such studies in a top-down approach and allocate emissions to a smaller geographic area such as the state or a county. Three top-down methods can be used: Spatially allocating national- (or regional-) level emissions data to the state or county level using actual source activity data for the state or county being inventoried such as fuel usage; Apportioning national- (or regional-) level emissions to the state or county level using representative apportioning factors such as population or employment. In this case, the surrogate apportioning factor, a reasonable indicator of activity, takes the place of the actual activity level; or Applying a nationally (or regionally) derived emission factor to state- or county- level source activity data (or a representative surrogate, where applicable). The use of these methods is best illustrated in the EIIP document series. EIIP promotes the development and use of standard procedures for collecting, calculating, storing, reporting, and sharing air emissions data. The EIIP manuals are a primary source of inventory guidance as it represents EPA's recognized standard for the development of reliable, quality rated inventories. The EIIP documents present preferred and alternative methods for estimating emissions from major (point), area, mobile, and biogenic source categories. EIIP also provides guidance on how to choose between preferred and alternative emission estimation methods based on accuracy. Appendix D of this handbook provides a listing of all of the published EIIP documents. Hard 4-2 ------- copies of these manuals are available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Electronic copies of the EIIP documents can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through the EIIP Web site at http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/eiip/'. 4.2.1 Emission Factors Emission factors allow the development of generalized estimates of typical emissions from source categories or individual sources within a category. The calculation of area source emissions relies to a great extent on the use of emission factors because it is usually the most efficient approach to estimating emissions from these sources. Emission factors are also used extensively to estimate emissions from major and minor point sources. Emission factors estimate the rate at which a pollutant is released to the atmosphere as a result of some process activity. While the emissions calculated using these values may differ from actual emissions for a specific facility, emission factors nevertheless provide a reasonable estimate of pollutant emissions across an entire source category. EPA's Factor and Information Retrieval (FIRE) system, locating and estimating (L&E) document series, and AP-42 are the primary resources for emission factors. In addition to presenting emission factors, each information source gives a quality indicator for each factor. The lower the quality indicator, the more likely that a given emission factor may not be representative of air pollutants emissions from the source type. The EPA continues to update these sources of information, where data are available. For a more detailed discussion on the limitations and/or uncertainties of using emission factors, please refer to the EIIP series, Volumes I, II, and HI. Refer to Appendix D for a complete list of available EIIP documents. To calculate emissions using emission factors, three basic inputs to the estimation algorithm are required: Activity information; An emission factor; and When applicable, information on capture and control efficiencies of any control device when using an "uncontrolled" emission factor. The basic emission estimation equation when using an "uncontrolled" emission factor is: Quality ratings (A through E and U) are assigned to emission factors based on the criteria for assigning data quality ratings and emission factor ratings as required in the document, Technical Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents, EPA-454/R-95-015, revised 11/97. 4-3 ------- E = RxEFx(l -C/100) where: E = emission estimate for the process R = activity level such as throughput EF = emission factor assuming no control C = capture efficiency x control efficiency (expressed in percent); C = O if no control device is in place The basic emission estimation equation when using a "controlled" emission factor is: E = R x EF where: E = emission estimate for the process R = activity level such as throughput EF = "controlled" emission factor Area sources sometimes are not easily estimated by a direct measure of activity. In such a case, an emission factor that is based on a surrogate measure for activity level such as population or employment in an industry will need to be devised. Appendix L includes numerical examples illustrating the use of emission factors for estimating HAP emissions from stationary sources. 4.2.2 Material Balance When using a material balance method, emissions are determined by knowing the amount of a certain material that enters a process, the amount that leaves the process by all routes, and the amount shipped as part of the product itself. This technique is equally applicable to both major and area sources. Material balance is particularly useful for sources resulting in evaporative losses. Typical processes for which a material balance is particularly useful are solvent degreasing operations and surface coating operations. Material balance should not be used for processes where material reacts to form secondary products or where the material otherwise undergoes significant chemical changes. The basic emission estimation equation for mass balance is: Ex = (Qin - Qout) * Cx where: Ex = total emissions for pollutant x 4-4 ------- Qin = quantity of material entering the process Qout = quantity of material leaving the process as waste, recovered, or in product C = concentration of pollutant x in the material. The term Qout could involve several different "fates" for an individual pollutant. This could include the amount recovered (or recycled) or the amount leaving the process in the product or waste stream. Appendix L includes numerical examples illustrating the use of material balance for estimating HAP emissions from stationary sources. 4.2.3 Source Testing Results of source testing conducted by either a state or local agency or by the source itself can be used for estimating air toxic emissions. Although source testing generally yields more accurate emission estimates than emission factors or material balance, its use in air toxics emissions inventories may be limited for several reasons. First, source testing can be expensive, especially if the cost is compounded by a large number of toxic pollutants to be tested. Second, source testing provides a "snapshot" of emissions from a process. As a result, uncertainties in source testing emission estimates arise because the process conditions may change over time while the test results can only reflect the emission rate and conditions during the test runs. Finally, standardized source testing reference methods have not been developed for all air toxics. Appendix L includes numerical examples illustrating the use of source testing data for estimating HAP emissions from stationary sources. EPA has developed reference methods for measuring HAP emissions. Available resources on methods for measuring HAP emissions include: Appendix B of the Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 6; and EPA's publication Screening Methods for the Development of Air Toxics Emission Factors which presents an overview of the use of these reference methods for specific HAPs (EPA, September 1991). The purpose of this document is to identify methods with the broadest possible applicability to the 188 HAPs listed in the CAA. Methods developed for the sampling and analysis of ambient air samples may also be applicable to source testing with some modification. If ambient methodology is applied, care must be taken to ensure that the capacity of the method is not exceeded so that results will be quantitative (e.g., avoid saturation; typical ambient air concentration levels are much lower than stationary source concentration levels). Appendix M includes a list of applicable sampling methods from that document. 4-5 ------- Source test data are of great value for obtaining general information on the characteristics of a particular industry and for obtaining specific information on pollutants being emitted and control device operational parameters. The raw data contained in source test reports can be used to develop emission factors for each pollutant and emission source of interest. Although sources are site-specific, these data can be extrapolated to apply to other representative emission sources for purposes of calculating emissions. The Emission Measurement Technical Information Center (EMTIC) provides technical guidance on stationary source emission testing. EMTIC can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov/html/emtic/emtic.htmltEM02. 4.2.4 Emission Estimation Models Some emission estimation models currently available are based on measured or empirical values. Emission estimation software is used when a large number of equations and interactions must be manipulated and the effect of many different parameters must be accounted for in order to estimate emissions. The most widely used emission estimation models are listed below and described in detail in Appendix N: The Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model (LAEEM) http://www. epa.gov/ttn/catc/products. html#software TANKS to estimate emissions from fixed- and floating-roof storage tanks http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/tanks. html WATERS and CHEMDAT8 to estimate air emissions from wastewater collection and treatment systems http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software.htmMwater8 CINCI (EPA-Cincinnati) for predicting the fate of organics in wastewater treatment plants. Additional emission estimation models are described in the various chapters of the EIIP series. Specifically, Chapter 5 of Volume II of the EIIP series describes additional models for estimating air emissions from wastewater collection and treatment systems. Chapter 10 of Volume n describes programs available for estimating emissions from oil and gas field processing operations. NOTE: If you choose to use a non-EPA model to estimate emissions, you should do a thorough evaluation of that model/software and you should get prior approval from your EPA Regional Office. 4.2.5 Surveys and Questionnaires Some state agencies use surveys for locating air toxics sources and estimating emissions. The scope of the survey must be determined during the planning phase of the inventory. For 4-6 ------- example, a detailed survey may target all facilities within a specific source category or may list specific toxic pollutants. This approach would reduce the number of sources contacted and improve the quality of the data collected because the survey questionnaire is tailored to specific types of sources with similar processes. Alternatively, the survey may not target specific sources nor limit the pollutants inventoried. This approach will require a more generic design of the survey questionnaire and consequently may result in less detailed and possibly less accurate data. In either case, you should determine early on whether your agency has the staff and resources to design, mail, process, administer, and analyze the results of a survey. Appendix O provides guidance for state and local air pollution agencies that wish to develop or expand their air toxics emission inventories using surveys. Volume in of the EIIP document series details the circumstances under which a survey or questionnaire is most appropriate as an emission estimation tool. 4.2.6 Engineering Judgment/Best Approximation "Engineering judgment" or "best approximation" must be considered as a last resort if none of the methods described above can be used to generate accurate emission estimates. Engineering judgment may involve the application of speculative or innovative ideas, a poorly documented emission factor, or a crude material balance. In cases where no emission factors are available but adverse risk is low, it may be acceptable to apply factors from a similar source category using engineering judgment. 4.3 How Do I Select Which Method To Use for Estimating Emissions? Selecting a method to estimate source specific emissions warrants a case-by-case analysis considering the cost and risk in the specific situation. Selection of a method is a function of several issues that one should consider when analyzing the tradeoffs between cost and accuracy of the resulting estimates. These issues include: Availability of quality data needed for developing emissions estimates; Practicality of the method for the specific source category; Intended end use of the inventory (e.g., an inventory of significant regulatory implications such as residual risk or environmental justice inventories may require more accurate and costly emission estimation methods than an inventory intended to provide a general source characterization); Source category priority (e.g., if a source category is of relatively high priority, it may require a more accurate emission estimation method; however, the resources available to the agency to perform the inventory may dictate a less accurate and less costly methodology); 4-7 ------- Time available to prepare the inventory; and Resources available in terms of staff and funding. To help you decide which estimation methods to use, you should refer to the EEP series of documents. The EHP consists of several committees whose mandate is to develop concise, accurate, and innovative emission inventory development guidance. An important aspect of the EIIP's selection of methods was the identification of "preferred" and "alternative" methods. Refer to Volume I, Introduction to the Emission Inventory Improvement Program, for a complete discussion on how to select emission estimation methods. Appendix D provides a complete list of available EIIP documents and Appendix L presents example calculations based on EIIP preferred method recommendations. 4.4 What Emission Databases Are Available? The most current and accessible emission databases available for review and assessment in developing an air toxics inventory include: Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) [1 (800) 334-2405 or (919) 541-7862]; AIRSWeb, http://www.epa.gov/airsweb/sources.htm; The National Toxics Inventory, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief, The Toxic Release Inventory, http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/tri/access.htm; and The National Emissions Trend (NET) Database, FTP:V/www. epa.gov/pub/EmisInventory. Detailed descriptions of these databases are provided in Appendix F. 4.5 Where Do I Find Emission Factor Information? There are four main types of resources that can be used to locate emission factors, each of which is described in the following section: Emission factor documents; Emission factor databases; Existing source testing data; and 4-8 ------- Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) or Certified Product Data Sheets (CPDSs). 4.5.1 Emission Factor Documents Emission factors have long been used as a cost-effective means to develop emission inventories. Air toxic emission factors can be applied to activity levels to estimate emissions. The primary references for air toxic emission factor data are: Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of (Source Category) or (Substance) Documentsa complete list of L&E documents is included in Appendix P, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc.htmffiLE; and Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) (EPA, 1996) http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc. html. These resources are discussed in detail in Appendix N. Some sources of information on emission factors give quality ratings for the reported factors. As an emissions inventory preparer, you should take into consideration the accuracy, derivation, and appropriateness of the emission factors being employed so that gross errors in emission estimates can be avoided. A search of technical papers for source test and background information should also be conducted for the emission source category or pollutants in question. This search can be conducted by EPA library services or through government document depositories at local universities. Examples of references and documents that should be reviewed include: EPA reports presenting the results of engineering investigations of air emissions from various industrial processes such as Control Techniques Guidelines (CTGs) and Available Control Techniques (ACT) documents, and Background Information Documents (BIDs) for New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) or Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards. These reports are available through the Government Printing Office (GPO), the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), and on the World Wide Web at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/; Reports prepared for the compilation of air toxics emission inventories in support of CAA-mandated studies under Section 112(c)(6) or Section 112(k). These reports provide information on approaches to estimating certain air toxics Quality ratings (A through E and U) are assigned to emission factors based on the criteria for assigning data quality ratings and emission factor ratings as required in the document, Technical Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents, EPA-454/R-95-015, revised 11/97. 4-9 ------- emissions. The Section 112(c)(6) report can be downloaded from the UATW at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112c6/112c6fac.html. The Section 112(k) report, in external draft form, is also available on the UATW at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112k/riurban. html; Miscellaneous private sector resources. For example, the National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvements compiles, through a highly focused research program, reliable environmental data and information on the forest products industry. Emission factor reports published by other state and local agencies, and other states' databases and source tests. This information can be identified and acquired through direct communication with the agencies. It is vitally important that you maintain communications with other state agencies (i.e, CARB, GLC) in order to share useful information and insight to air toxics issues. 4.5.2 Emission Factor Databases Several emission factor databases are currently available in easy-to-access formats to state and local agencies. Some of these tools include: Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System (EPA, May 1998), http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/fire.html or (919) 541-5285; May 1998 Air Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emission Factors (Air CHIEF) CD-ROM, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/airchief.htmMorder or (202) 512-1800; and Unified Air Toxics Web site (UATW), http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/. Each of these resources is described in detail in Appendix N. 4.5.3 Existing Source Testing Data Source testing data used for compliance purposes and in developing operating permits for stationary sources may be readily available through state and local air permitting agencies. The use of source test data reduces the number of assumptions regarding the applicability of emission factors to a source, since emission factors are often developed based on source testing that may not exactly represent the operational scenarios at all facilities. 4.5.4 MSDSs and CPDSs Speciation factors or speciation profiles that are specific to a certain facility or source category can be directly applied to emissions of VOCs and particulate matter (PM). When applied to 4-10 ------- VOC emissions, speciation factors yield estimates of low molecular weight organic compounds. When applied to PM emissions, speciation factors yield estimates of high molecular weight organic and toxic metal compounds. The MSDS and CPDS are sources of speciation profiles. Each MSDS and CPDS lists specific compounds and weight percentages of hazardous ingredients present in a certain material. The MSDS and CPDS are especially important when using material balances as an air toxic emissions estimation tool. The MSDS and CPDS are easy to obtain as a result of state and federal right-to-know laws that require that information be made available on the composition of products being used in the work place. However, an MSDS may be of limited accuracy in estimating HAP emissions because MSDS documentation is required primarily to provide information on occupational safety. In addition, only components in excess of certain established concentrations are subject to MSDS reporting. Moreover, an MSDS often reports a range for pollutant concentrations and sometimes the concentration may not be reported at all in order to protect trade secrets. 4.6 Where Do I Find Applicable Activity Parameters? Activities used to calculate major and area source emissions for the same category are not necessarily the same. Major sources may require direct measurement or direct activity (i.e., throughput) applied to an emission factor, while emissions from area sources are often estimated using surrogate activity factors, such as population. For major sources, activity parameters are generally reported as fuel consumption rates or process weight rates for fuel-burning equipment and industrial processes, respectively. Detailed data on process equipment, throughput, capacity, and other parameters are needed to estimate emissions from major sources. Traditional sources of activity data for major sources include: Agency permitting and source registration programs; Agency-sponsored surveys and questionnaires sent to industrial sources; State and local industrial directories; State Departments of Commerce and Labor statistics National and state directories of manufacturers; Data compiled by private research and development companies such as the Directory of Chemical Procedures compiled by SRI International; and 4-11 ------- Traditional sources of activity data for major sources include (Continued): Trade and professional associations. Area source emission estimates are generally based on a surrogate activity parameter and an emission factor developed specifically for that activity parameter. Activity parameters typically include population, employment, production, land use, and other parameters that can be correlated with air emissions. Traditionally, area source activity factors have been developed in a top-down manner by extrapolating national data down to the state or county level. Traditional sources of activity data for area sources include: U.S. Department of Commerce publications including County Business Patterns, Census of Population, Census of Manufacturers, Census of Agriculture, County and City Data Book, Current Industrial Reports, Annual Housing Survey, and Census of Retail Trade; Regional planning commissions; Agency-sponsored surveys; U.S. Department of Energy publications such as State Energy Data Reports, Natural Gas Annual, and Petroleum Marketing Annual; State Departments of Transportation and State Energy Offices (for information on gasoline consumption and paving activities); State Departments of Labor (for employment data by SIC code) State Agricultural Offices and U.S. Department of Agricultural (for pesticide application data); State Solid Waste Management Agencies; Fire marshals (for information on structural fires); Port authorities and waterborne commerce (for information on petroleum vessels loading and unloading activities); and State Health Departments (for information on hospital sterilizers); and Miscellaneous statistical government and trade group publications. 4-12 ------- Collectively, these references will provide much of the basic activity data necessary for compiling the emissions inventory. 4.7 What Special Issues Should I Consider When Estimating Stationary Source Toxic Emissions? Consider what source categories to include in the inventory: Attempting to inventory all toxic pollutants may overburden an agency's resources, especially if a majority of the compounds are not emitted at levels deemed significant by the state. A screening study will help your agency focus its inventory effort. Guidance on how to conduct screening studies for the purpose of air toxics inventories is available in the EPA document Compiling Air Toxics Emission Inventories and in Appendix O. Consider what levels of HAP emissions to include in the inventory: If the agency does not preclude reporting of emissions below specific exemption or de minimis levels, the effect on agency resources may be similar to that of inventorying all source categories of toxic pollutants. Consider HAP synonyms: Sources may report trade names or chemical synonyms that the agency may have difficulty in interpreting. This can be avoided to a great extent if the agency uses Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry numbers in requesting air toxics-related data from the sources. Consider the differences in the major and area source defmition(s) for the purposes of criteria and HAP inventories: When using the criteria pollutant inventory as a starting point for the air toxics inventory, the agency must evaluate the major and area source distinctions very carefully. Some industrial sources with PM or VOC emissions below typical cutoff levels may be categorized as area sources for the purpose of a criteria pollutant's inventory, but may qualify as major sources for the purpose of a HAP inventory. Check the results of any survey for completeness: When surveying sources directly, there may be a need to follow-up with a facility, particularly if the agency believes it is emitting a certain pollutant it does not report. Stay informed of air toxics rules and rule development activities and implementation information: Comprehensive MACT rule-specific information including Federal Register publications and citations, compliance dates, and MACT rule contact names and phone numbers can be accessed through the UATW site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/eparules.html. 4-13 ------- Consider HAP emissions control devices when such devices are in place: The Hazardous Air Pollutant Program (HAP-PRO) is a computer software program used to assist permit engineers in reviewing applications for control of air toxics. A secondary purpose of HAP-PRO is to generate reports that list all facilities containing (1) a specified pollutant in their emission stream(s), or (2) a specified type of emission stream (e.g., organic vapors). HAP-PRO is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.epa.gov/ttncatcl/products.html. Nationally-derived emission factors may not apply directly to your area and may need to be adjusted: When the information used to develop an emission factor is based on national data, such as a wide range of source tests or national consumption estimates, you should be particularly careful with potential local variations. Emissions calculated using national emission factors may vary considerably from actual values at a specific source or within a specific geographic area. Avoid double counting of sources and emissions: while some sources of emissions are strictly categorized as area sources such as structural fires, cutback asphalt, and traffic marking, many major source categories have area source components such as solvent usage and graphic arts. Where area source emissions for a category with a major source component are calculated using a surrogate activity factor such as employment, the employment at the major sources should be subtracted from the inventory region employment to yield the area source employment. However, this approach may not always be a straight forward calculation and would require that emission estimates be adjusted in cases where employment figures for the major sources are higher than those for the inventory region. 4-14 ------- 5.0 EMISSIONS INVENTORY MAINTENANCE AND UPDATE Compiling an air toxics emissions inventory is a continuous process. Maintaining and updating the inventory will ensure its usefulness beyond the year it was first developed. Updating the inventory is necessary because over time some facilities retire process equipment or shut down, and new plants or new processes at existing plants will come online. In addition, facilities may change their production schedules or modify their product lines. Demographics and land use changes may also affect air toxics emissions from area sources. Other factors that may have an impact on air toxic emissions include new regulations, new emission factors and new scientific discoveries. To maintain accurate emission inventories, complete and concise documentation and QA procedures must be implemented as well as good data management practices. Volume VI of the EIIP document series addresses all of these topics in detail. 5-1 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. 5-2 ------- 6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. EPA. February 1998. Study of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emmissiom from Electric Utility Steam Generating Unit - Final Report to Congress. Volumes 1-3. EPA-453/R-98-004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 2 EPA. April 1998. 1990 Emissions Inventory of Section 112(c)(6) Pollutants: Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM), 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD)/2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), Poly chlorinated Biphenyl Compounds (PCBs), Hexachlorobenzene, Mercury, andAlkylatedLead. Final Report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group and Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 3. EPA. May 1998. Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System, Version 6.01. Updated annually. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 4. EPA. June 1997. Deposition of Air Pollutants to the Great Waters - 2nd Report to Congress. EPA-453/R-97-011. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 5. EPA. December 1997. Mercury Study Report to Congress, Volumes I - VIII. EPA-452/R-97-003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 6. EPA. September 1997. 1990 Emissions Inventory oj"Forty Section 112(k) Pollutants - Supporting Data for EPA 's Proposed Section 112(k) Regulatory Strategy. Draft External Report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 7. EPA. 1996. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Fifth Edition and Supplements, AP-42. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 8. EPA. September 1991. Screening Methods for the Development of'Air Toxics Emission Factors. EPA-450/4-91-021. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 6-1 ------- 9. EPA. February 1990. Compiling Air Toxics Emission Inventories. EPA-450/4-86-010. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 10. Federal Register. July 1992. Initial List of Categories of Sources Under Section 112(c)(l) of the Clean Air Act Amendments. Volume 57, No. 137. Pp. 31576-31592. 6-2 ------- 7.0 DEFINITIONS OF COMMONLY USED TERMS Accuracy is (1) the closeness of a measurement to its true value, or (2) the degree of agreement between an observed value and an accepted reference value. Accuracy includes a combination of error (precision) and systematic error (bias) components that are due to sampling and analytical operations; a data quality indicator. Activity Level/Factor is a measurable factor that is directly or indirectly related to the emissions of a process. An emission estimate is calculated by multiplying an activity level by an emission factor. The activity level is either directly related to the amount of emissions (as in the case of the amount of fuel used in a combustion process), or is a more easily measured surrogate, such as population for consumer product usage. Actual Emissions are the actual rate of emissions of a pollutant from an emissions unit calculated using the unit's actual operating hours, production rates, and types of materials processed, stored, or combusted during the selected time period. Allowable Emissions are the emissions rate that represents a limit on the emissions that can occur from an emissions unit. This limit may be based on a federal, state, or local regulatory emission limit determined from state or local regulations and/or 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 60, 61, and 63. Ambient Standards limit the concentration of a given pollutant in the ambient air. Ambient standards are not emissions limitations on sources, but usually result in such limits being placed on source operation as part of a control strategy to achieve or maintain an ambient standard. Area Sources are smaller sources that do not qualify as major sources under the relevant emissions cutoffs. Area sources encompass more widespread sources that may be numerous, but that, individually, release small amounts of a given pollutant. These are sources for which emissions are estimated as a group rather than individually. Examples typically include dry cleaners, residential wood heating, auto body painting, and consumer solvent use. Area sources generally are not required to submit individual emissions estimates. Section 112(a) of the CAA defines "area source" as any stationary source of HAPs that does not qualify as a major source. Attainment Area is an area considered to have air quality as good as or better than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) as defined in the CAA. Note that an area may be in attainment for one or more pollutants but be a nonattainment area for one or more other pollutants. Audit of Data Quality means a qualitative and quantitative audit in which data and data handling are reviewed and data quality is assessed. 7-1 ------- Audits are systematic evaluations to determine the quality of a function or activity. Average means the sum of all the items or observations in a sample divided by the number of items in the sample. Synonymous with "sample mean." Continuous Emissions Monitoring is any monitoring effort that "continuously" measures (i.e., measures with very short averaging times) and records emissions. In addition to measuring and recording actual emissions during the time of monitor operation, continuous emissions monitoring data can be used to estimate emissions for different operating periods and longer averaging times. Control Efficiency is the emission reduction efficiency, and is a percentage value representing the amount of a source category's emissions that are controlled by a control device, process change, or reformulation. Criteria Pollutant refers to a pollutant for which a NAAQS has been set. Criteria pollutants are carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulate matter within aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers, and sulfur oxides. Data Attribute Rating System is a semiquantitative system developed by the U.S. EPA to evaluate emissions uncertainty by assigning numerical values to the perceived quality of the emission factors and activity data. Data Management Plan is a written document prepared prior to inventory development that may be a part of the QA plan. It describes the required inventory development records, the steps required to produce them, how the records are to be stored, the retention period, the procedures for retrieving them, and the circumstances for their destruction. Data Quality Indicators are qualitative and quantitative descriptors used to interpret the degree of acceptability or utility of data to the user. The principal data quality indicators are accuracy, comparability, completeness, and representativeness. Double Counting means estimation and counting of estimated emissions twice in an inventory for the same source category. Area source inventories are at risk of double counting emissions from two sources because of major and area source overlap and overlap between two area sources. Emission means pollution discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and surface areas of commercial or industrial facilities; from residential chimneys; and from motor vehicle, locomotive, aircraft, or other nonroad engines. Emission Factors are ratios that relate emissions of a pollutant to an activity level that can be easily measured, such as an amount of material processed or an amount of fuel used. Given an 7-2 ------- emission factor and a known activity level, a simple multiplication yields an estimate of the emissions. Emission factors are developed from separate facilities within an industry category, so they represent typical values for an industry, but do not necessarily represent a specific source. Emission Inventory is a listing, by source, of the amount of air pollutants discharged into the atmosphere of a community. Emission Standards are a general type of standard that limit the mass of a pollutant that may be emitted by a source. The most straightforward emissions standard is a simple limitation on mass of pollutant per unit time (e.g., pounds of pollutant per hour). Engineering Estimate is a term commonly applied to the best approximation that can be made when the specific emission estimation techniques such as stack testing, material balance, or emission factor are not possible. This estimation is usually made by engineers familiar with the specific process, and is based on whatever knowledge they have. Equivalent Method means any method of sampling and analyzing for air pollution that has been demonstrated to the U.S. EPA Administrator's satisfaction to be, under specific conditions, an acceptable alternative to normally used reference methods. Fugitive Emissions are emissions from sources that are technically infeasible to collect and control (storage piles, wastewater retention ponds, etc.). Growth Factors are surrogate indicators based on economic or demographic parameters that predict the proportional change in the activity level or emissions for a particular emissions source. Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) are listed in Section 112(b) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The CAAA specifies a list of 189 HAPs to be subject to regulation. The list of HAPs includes relatively common pollutants such as formaldehyde, chlorine, methanol, and asbestos, as well as numerous less common substances. Pollutants may, under certain circumstances, be added to or deleted from the list. To date, one pollutant has been deleted from the list, resulting in 188 HAPs. Inventory Area is generally defined by political boundaries such as county or state boundaries, where the jurisdictions that are included in an inventory area make up an air basin or experience common air problems. The pollutant or the type of air pollution inventory will determine the exact geographic area that will be covered. Inventory Work Plan is a document that discusses staff assignments and responsibilities, establishes a commitment to the inventory development and QA/QC processes, and establishes a commitment to personnel training and project documentation requirements. It may either be integrated with the quality assurance plan or a separate document. 7-3 ------- Major Source is a term that is defined in the CAA and used in HAP inventories. Section 112(a) of the CAA defines "major source" as any stationary source (including all emission points and units located within a contiguous area and under common control) of air pollution that has the potential to emit, considering controls, 10 tons or more per year of any one HAP or 25 tons or more per year of any combination of HAPs. Material Balance or Mass Balance is a method for estimating emissions that attempts to account for all the inputs and outputs of a given pollutant. If inputs of a material to a given process are known and all outputs except for air emissions can be reasonably well quantified, then the remainder can be assumed to be an estimate of the amount lost to the atmosphere for the process. Mathematical Emission Model is an emission estimation technique that uses a mathematical model to estimate emissions. A very simple mathematical model multiplies an emission factor and an activity level to produce an emission estimate. A more complex model may involve multiple parameters and iterations in the calculation process. A mathematical model may be used by inventory preparers as an equation or as a computer program. Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Standards are emissions limitations developed under Section 112(d) of the CAAA National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). The limitations are based on the best demonstrated control technology or practices in similar sources to be applied to major sources emitting one or more of the listed HAPs. Mean is synonymous with "average." Also called "arithmetic mean." National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are the main ambient standards for the following six criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulate matter within aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers, and sulfur oxides. National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) are a class of standards limiting emissions of HAPs. The NESHAPs are published in 40 CFR Parts 61 and 63. New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are promulgated for criteria, hazardous, and other pollutant emissions from new, modified, or reconstructed sources that the U.S. EPA determines contribute significantly to air pollution. These are typically emission standards, but may be expressed in other forms such as concentration and opacity. The NSPS are published in 40 CFR Part 60. Particulate Matter within aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers is a measure of small solid matter suspended in the atmosphere. Small particles can penetrate deeply into the lung where they can cause respiratory problems. Emissions of PM10 are significant from 7-4 ------- fugitive dust, power plants, commercial boilers, metallurgical industries, mineral industries, forest and residential fires, and motor vehicles. Plant-level Reporting is generally required if total emissions from a plant (which may be composed of numerous individual emission points) meet the point source cutoff. These data can be used by a state to conduct a detailed estimate of emissions from that plant. The plant-level reporting used by most air pollution control agencies generally requires that the facility provide data that apply to the facility as a whole. Such data include the number of employees and the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code designation for the plant. A plant usually has only one SIC code denoting the principal economic activity of the facility. For the purpose of clearly identifying and tracking emissions data, each plant is generally assigned a plant (alternatively, "facility") name and number. The plant is also identified by geographic or jurisdictional descriptors such as air quality control region, county, address, and Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid coordinates (or latitude/longitude) that identify a coterminous location. An owner or operator engaged in one or more related activities is also identified. In some cases, plantwide emissions may be reported at the plant level. Plant-level Emissions are consolidated for an entire plant or facility. A plant may contain one or many pollutant-emitting sources. Point-level Emissions typically represent single stacks or vents individually large enough to be considered point sources. Point-level Reporting includes specific data for individual emission points (typically stacks). These data are more detailed than that submitted in plant-level reporting and may include emission-related and modeling information such as stack height of the release point, diameter of the stack, emission rate, method of determination, fugitive emissions, gas exit velocity from a stack, gas temperature, and operating schedule. Source identification information, as described under plant-level reporting, is usually also required at the point level to ensure that emission data for a single plant remain clearly identified. Regulatory agencies generally maintain individual emission-related records at the point level. Point Sources is a term often used in a criteria pollutant inventory. Point sources are large, stationary, identifiable sources of emissions that release pollutants into the atmosphere. Sources are often defined by state or local air regulatory agencies as point sources when they annually emit more than a specified amount of a given pollutant, and how state and local agencies define point sources can vary. Point sources are typically large manufacturing or production plants. They typically include both confined "stack" emission points as well as individual unconfined "fugitive" emission sources. 7-5 ------- Potential Emissions are the potential rate of emissions of a pollutant from an emissions unit calculated using the unit's maximum design capacity. Potential emissions are a function of the unit's physical size and operational capabilities. Quality is the sum of features and properties/characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated needs. Quality Assurance (QA) is a planned system of activities designed to provide assurance that the quality control program is actually effective. QA is a process that involves both the inventory team and external reviewers to insure the overall quality of the inventory. Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) is a formal document describing the management policies, objectives, principles, organizational authority, responsibilities, accountability, and implementation plan of an agency or company for ensuring quality in its products and usefulness to its users. Quality Control (QC) comprises the activities undertaken by all members of the inventory team during the inventory preparation that will result in the correction of specific problems such as mistaken assumptions, lost or uncollected data, and calculation and data entry errors. Reported Emissions are those emission estimates that are submitted to a regulatory agency. Emissions inventories can be used for a variety of purposes such as State Implementation Plan (SIP) base year inventories, environmental compliance audits, air quality rule applicability, and reporting information in an air quality permit application. Emissions can be reported on an actual, potential, or maximum basis. Many state and local air pollution control agencies have rules and regulations that define an allowable emission value for a particular piece of equipment. Because of this, a facility should first define the purpose of the inventory and then choose the appropriate means of reporting emissions to the regulatory agency. For example, SIP base year inventories for point sources would contain actual emissions. However, regulatory applicability and air quality permit applications can require that actual, allowable, and potential emissions be reported. Source Classification Codes (SCCs) are codes defined by EPA that classify air emission sources by individual processes and/or operations. SCCs vary in the amount of detail. For some sources, there are SCCs for individual release points within the process. In other cases, an entire process may be represented by a single SCC. Source Tests are short-term tests used to collect emissions data that can then be extrapolated to estimate long-term emissions from the same or similar sources. Uncertainties arise when source test results are used to estimate emissions under process conditions that differ from those under which the test was performed. 7-6 ------- Spatial Allocation entails assignment of activity levels or emission estimates to a smaller or larger geographic area than the area for which the activity level or emission estimate was prepared. Allocation usually requires the identification of a surrogate indicator that can be used for scaling. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes are codes defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce that classify businesses by products or services. SICs are the federal standard for classifying establishment-based statistics. SIC codes are being replaced by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), a system developed jointly by the U.S., Canada, and Mexico to provide new comparability in statistics about business activity across North America. The U.S. NAICS Manual is available on the World Wide Web at www.census.gov/epcd/www.naic.html. State Implementation Plan (SIP) is a state plan approved by EPA for the establishment, regulation, and enforcement of air pollution standards. Stationary Source is a fixed-site producer of pollution, including power plants and other major sources such as industrial manufacturing facilities as well as area sources. Surveys are a method to collect inventory data using telephone or written questionnaires that are answered by manufacturers or suppliers of products, or by representatives at the facilities or sites where the emitting processes take place. An area source survey may also include review and data collection from existing air pollution permits within an agency. Surveys for area source inventories usually survey a subset of the population of sources. Total Quality Management is a system of activities designed to provide continuous improvement at every level and in all areas of responsibility. Variable is an entity subject to variation or change. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) means any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions. This includes any such organic compound other than the following, which have been determined to have negligible photochemical reactivity: Methane Ethane Methylene chloride (dichloromethane) 1,1,1 -tri chl oroethane (methyl chl oroform) 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) Tri chl orofluorom ethane (CFC-11) Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) 7-7 ------- Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) Trifluoromethane (HFC-23) l,2-dichloro-l,l,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114) Chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115) 1,1,1 -trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (HCFC-123) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) l,l-dichloro-l-fluoroethane(HCFC-141b) 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134) 1,1,1 -trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) Parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) Cyclic, branched, or linear completely methylated siloxanes Acetone Perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene) 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225ca) 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225cb) 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC 43-10mee) Difluoromethane (HFC-32) Ethylfluoride (HFC-161) l,l,l,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane(HFC-236fa) 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca) 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea) l,l,l,2,3-pentafluoropropane(HFC-245eb) 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea) l,l,l,3,3-pentafluorobutane(HFC-365mfc) Chlorofluoromethane (HCF-31) 1 -chloro-1 -fluoroethane (HCFC-151 a) 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxy-butane(C4F9OCH3) 2-(difluoromethoxymethyl)-l,l,l,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane((CF3)2CFCF2OCH3) 1-ethoxy-l, 1,2,2,3,3,4,4, 4-nonafluorobutane (C4F9OC2H5) 2-(ethoxydifluoromethyl)-l,l,l,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane((CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5) Methyl acetate and perfluorocarbon compounds which fall into these classes: (i) Cylic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated alkanes (ii) Cylic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations (iii) Cylic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations and (iv) Sulfur containing perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine. 7-8 ------- APPENDIX A LIST OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS BY CAS NUMBER A-l ------- List of Hazardous Air Pollutants By CAS Number CAS Number* N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 50000 51285 51796 53963 56235 56382 57147 57578 57749 58899 59892 60117 60344 60355 62533 62737 62759 63252 64675 67561 67663 67721 68122 71432 71556 72435 72559 74839 74873 74884 HAP Name Antimony Compounds Arsenic Compounds(inorganic including arsine) Beryllium Compounds Cadmium Compounds Chromium Compounds Cobalt Compounds Coke Oven Emissions Cyanide Compounds Fine Mineral Fibers Glycol ethers Lead Compounds Manganese Compounds Mercury Compounds Nickel Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter Radionuclides (including radon) Selenium Compounds Formaldehyde 2,4-Dinitrophenol Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) 2-Acetylaminofluorene Carbon tetrachloride Parathion 1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine Beta-propiolactone Chlordane Lindane (all isomers) N-Nitrosomorpholine Dimethyl aminoazobenzene Methylhydrazine Acetamide Aniline Dichlorvos N-Nitrosodimethylamine Carbaryl Diethyl sulfate Methanol Chloroform Hexachloroethane Dimethyl formamide Benzene (including benzene from gasoline) Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methoxychlor DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl) ethylene) Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) Methyl iodide (lodomethane) A-2 ------- List of Hazardous Air Pollutants By CAS Number (Continued) CAS Number* 75003 75014 75058 75070 75092 75150 75218 75252 75343 75354 75445 75558 75569 76448 77474 77781 78591 78875 78933 79005 79016 79061 79107 79118 79345 79447 79469 80626 82688 84742 85449 87683 87865 88062 90040 91203 91225 91941 92524 92671 92875 92933 94757 95476 95487 95534 95807 95954 96093 HAP Name Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane) Vinyl chloride Acetonitrile Acetaldehyde Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) Carbon disulfide Ethylene oxide Bromoform Ethylidene dichloride (1,1-Dichloroethane) Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene) Phosgene 1 ,2-Propylenimine (2-Methylaziridine) Propylene oxide Heptachlor Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Dimethyl sulfate Isophorone Propylene dichloride (1 ,2-Dichloropropane) Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Acrylamide Acrylic acid Chloroacetic acid 1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride 2-Nitropropane Methyl methacrylate Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) Dibutyl phthalate Phthalic anhydride Hexachlorobutadiene Pentachlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol o-Anisidine Naphthalene Quinoline 3,3-Dichlorobenzidene Biphenyl 4-Aminobiphenyl Benzidine 4-Nitrobiphenyl 2,4-D, (salts and esters) o-Xylenes o-Cresol o-Toluidine 2,4-Toluene diamine 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Styrene oxide A-3 ------- List of Hazardous Air Pollutants By CAS Number (Continued) CAS Number* 96128 96457 98077 98828 98862 98953 100027 100414 100425 100447 101144 101688 101779 106423 106445 106467 106503 106514 106887 106898 106934 106990 107028 107051 107062 107131 107211 107302 108054 108101 108316 108383 108394 108883 108907 108952 110543 111422 111444 114261 117817 118741 119904 119937 120809 120821 121142 121448 121697 HAP Name 1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane Ethylene thiourea Benzotrichloride Cumene Acetophenone Nitrobenzene 4-Nitrophenol Ethyl benzene Styrene Benzyl chloride 4,4-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline p-Xylenes p-Cresol 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene (p) p-Phenylenediamine Quinone 1 ,2-Epoxybutane Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane) 1,3-Butadiene Acrolein Allyl chloride Ethylene dichloride (1 ,2-Dichloroethane) Acrylonitrile Ethylene glycol Chloromethyl methyl ether Vinyl acetate Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) Maleic anhydride m-Xylenes m-Cresol Toluene Chlorobenzene Phenol Hexane Diethanolamine Dichloroethyl ether (Bis[2-chloroethyl]ether) Propoxur (Baygon) Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP) Hexachlorobenzene 3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine 3,3'-Dimethyl benzidine Catechol 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Triethylamine N,N-diethyl aniline (N.N-Dimethylaniline') A-4 ------- List of Hazardous Air Pollutants By CAS Number (Continued) CAS Number* 122667 123319 123386 123911 126998 127184 131113 132649 133062 133904 140885 151564 156627 302012 334883 463581 510156 532274 534521 540841 542756 542881 584849 593602 624839 680319 684935 822060 1120714 1319773 1330207 1332214 1336363 1582098 1634044 1746016 7550450 7647010 7664393 7782505 7803512 8001352 HAP Name 1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine Hydroquinone Propionaldehyde 1 ,4-Dioxane (1 ,4-Diethyleneoxide) Chloroprene Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Dimethyl phthalate Dibenzofurans Captan Chloramben Ethyl acrylate Ethylene imine (Aziridine) Calcium cyanamide Hydrazine Diazomethane Carbonyl sulfide Chlorobenzilate 2-Chloroacetophenone 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol and salts 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1,3-Dichloropropene Bis(chloromethyl) ether 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate Vinyl bromide Methyl isocyanate Hexamethylphosphoramide N-Nitroso-N-methylurea Hexamethylene-1 ,6-diisocyanate 1,3-Propane sultone Cresols/Cresylic acid (isomers and mixture) Xylenes (isomers and mixture) Asbestos Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) Trifluralin Methyl tert-butyl ether 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Titanium tetrachloride Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid) Chlorine Phosphine Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene) *N/A: No CAS number for metals, metal compounds, and mixtures. A-5 ------- APPENDIX B ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS B-l ------- Alphabetical Listing of Hazardous Air Pollutants HAP Name 1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine 1 ,2-Epoxybutane 1 ,2-Propylenimine (2-Methylaziridine) 1,3-Butadiene 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,3-Propane sultone 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene (p) 1 ,4-Dioxane (1 ,4-Diethyleneoxide) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-D, (salts and esters) 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,4-Toluene diamine 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate 2-Acetylaminofluorene 2-Chloroacetophenone 2-Nitropropane 3,3-Dichlorobenzidene 3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine 3,3'-Dimethyl benzidine 4,4-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol and salts 4-Aminobiphenyl 4-Nitrobiphenyl 4-Nitrophenol Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetonitrile Acetophenone Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Allyl chloride Aniline Antimony Compounds Arsenic Compounds(inorganic including arsine) Asbestos Benzene (including benzene from gasoline) Benzidine CAS Number 79345 79005 57147 120821 96128 122667 106887 75558 106990 542756 1120714 106467 123911 540841 1746016 95954 88062 94757 51285 121142 95807 584849 53963 532274 79469 91941 119904 119937 101144 101779 534521 92671 92933 100027 75070 60355 75058 98862 107028 79061 79107 107131 107051 62533 N/A N/A 1332214 71432 92875 B-2 ------- Alphabetical Listing of Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) HAP Name Benz otrichloride Benzyl chloride Beryllium Compounds Beta-propiolactone Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP) Bis(chloromethyl) ether Bromoform Cadmium Compounds Calcium cyanamide Captan Carbaryl Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Carbonyl sulfide Catechol Chloramben Chlordane Chlorine Chloroacetic acid Chlorobenzene Chlorobenzilate Chloroform Chloromethyl methyl ether Chloroprene Chromium Compounds Cobalt Compounds Coke Oven Emissions Cresols/Cresylic acid (isomers and mixture) Cumene Cyanide Compounds DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl) ethylene) Diazomethane Dibenzofurans Dibutyl phthalate Dichloroethyl ether (Bis[2-chloroethyl]ether) Dichlorvos Diethanolamine Diethyl sulfate Dimethyl formamide Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl aminoazobenzene Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethyl acrylate Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane) Ethyl benzene CAS Number 98077 100447 N/A 57578 92524 117817 542881 75252 N/A 156627 133062 63252 75150 56235 463581 120809 133904 57749 7782505 79118 108907 510156 67663 107302 126998 N/A N/A N/A 1319773 98828 N/A 72559 334883 132649 84742 111444 62737 111422 64675 68122 131113 77781 60117 79447 106898 140885 51796 75003 100414 B-3 ------- Alphabetical Listing of Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) HAP Name Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane) Ethylene dichloride (1 ,2-Dichloroethane) Ethylene glycol Ethylene oxide Ethylene thiourea Ethylene imine (Aziridine) Ethylidene dichloride (1,1-Dichloroethane) Fine Mineral Fibers Formaldehyde Glycol ethers Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hexamethylene-1 ,6-diisocyanate Hexamethylphosphoramide Hexane Hydrazine Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid) Hydroquinone Isophorone Lead Compounds Lindane (all isomers) Maleic anhydride Manganese Compounds m-Cresol Mercury Compounds Methanol Methoxychlor Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl iodide (lodomethane) Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) Methyl isocyanate Methyl methacrylate Methyl tert-butyl ether Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) Methylhydrazine m-Xylenes N,N-diethyl aniline (N,N-Dimethylaniline) Naphthalene Nickel Compounds Nitrobenzene N-Nitrosodimethylamine CAS Number 106934 107062 107211 75218 96457 151564 75343 N/A 50000 N/A 76448 118741 87683 77474 67721 822060 680319 110543 302012 7647010 7664393 123319 78591 N/A 58899 108316 N/A 108394 N/A 67561 72435 74839 74873 71556 78933 74884 108101 624839 80626 1634044 75092 101688 60344 108383 121697 91203 N/A 98953 62759 B-4 ------- Alphabetical Listing of Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) HAP Name N-Nitrosomorpholine N-Nitroso-N-methylurea o-Anisidine o-Cresol o-Toluidine o-Xylenes Parathion p-Cresol Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) Pentachlorophenol Phenol Phosgene Phosphine Phosphorous Compounds Phthalic anhydride Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter p-Phenylenediamine Propionaldehyde Propoxur (Baygon) Propylene dichloride (1 ,2-Dichloropropane) Propylene oxide p-Xylenes Quinoline Quinone Radionuclides (including radon) Selenium Compounds Styrene Styrene oxide Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Titanium tetrachloride Toluene Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene) Trichloroethylene Triethylamine Trifluralin Vinyl acetate Vinyl bromide Vinyl chloride Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene) Xylenes (isomers and mixture) CAS Number 59892 684935 90040 95487 95534 95476 56382 106445 82688 87865 108952 75445 7803512 N/A 85449 1336363 N/A 106503 123386 114261 78875 75569 106423 91225 106514 N/A N/A 100425 96093 127184 7550450 108883 8001352 79016 121448 1582098 108054 593602 75014 75354 1330207 *N/A: No CAS number for metals, metal compounds, and mixtures. B-5 ------- APPENDIX C HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS SYNONYM LIST C-l ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants Synonym List CAS Num 79345 79005 57147 120821 96128 122667 106887 75558 106990 542756 1120714 106467 123911 540841 1746016 95954 88062 94757 51285 121142 95807 584849 53963 532274 79469 91941 1 1 9904 1 1 9937 101144 101779 534521 92671 92933 100027 75070 60355 75058 98862 107028 79061 79107 107131 107051 62533 N/A N/A 1332214 HAP Name 1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 ,1 ,2-Trichloroethane 1 ,1 -Dimethylhydrazine 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine 1 ,2-Epoxybutane 1,2-Propylenimine 1,3-Butadiene 1 ,3-Dichloropropene 1,3-Propane sultone 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene(p) 1 ,4-Dioxane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-D, (salts and esters) 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,4-Toluene diamine 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate 2-Acetylaminofluorene 2-Chloroacetophenone 2-Nitropropane 3,3-Dichlorobenzidene 3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine 4,4-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (and salts) 4-Aminobiphenyl 4-Nitrobiphenyl 4-Nitrophenol Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetonitrile Acetophenone Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Allyl chloride Aniline Antimony Compounds Arsenic Compounds(inorganic including arsine) Asbestos Synonyms Tetrachloroethane Vinyl Trichloride; 1 ,2,2-Trichloroethane N,N-Dimethylhydrazine 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzol 3-Chloro-1 ,2-dibromopropane Hydrazobenzene 1 ,2-Butylene Oxide; 1 ,2-Butene oxide 2-Methylaziridine; Methylethylenimine Butadiene Isomer Mixture includes: Cis-1 ,3-Dichloropropene; Trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene 1 ,2-Oxathiolane 2,2-dioxide p-Dichlorobenzene; para-Dichlorobenzene 1 ,4-Diethyleneoxide Isooctane TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TCDD Dowicide 2; Dowicide B Dowicide 2S; Phenachlor 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid)(including salts and esters) Aldifen; 2,4-DNP DNT; 1-Methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene Toluene-2,4-diamine; IDA; 2,4-Diaminotoluene 2,4-Diisocyanatotoluene; Toluene 2,4-Diisocynate; TDI 2-Acetamidofluorene 2-Chloro-1 -phenylethanone 2-NP; Dimethylnitromethane 4,4-Diamino-3,3-dichlorobiphenyl o,o-Diansidine o-Tolidine 4,4'-Methylenebisf2-chlorobenzenaminel 4-(4-Aminobenzyl)aniline; MDA p-Aminodiphenyl; p-Phenylaniline p-Nitrobiphenyl p-Nitrophenol, 4-Hydroxynitrobenzene, Ethanal; Acetic Aldehyde Acetic acid amide Methyl cyanide; Cyanomethane 1 -Phenylethanone 2-Propenal; Acrylic aldehyde; Acrylaldehyde Propenamide; Vinyl amide 2-Propenoic acid; Propene acid 2-Propenenitrile; Vinyl cyanide 3-Chloro-1 -propene Benzenamine C-2 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants Synonym List (Continued) CAS Num 71432 92875 98077 100447 N/A 57578 92524 117817 542881 75252 N/A 156627 133062 63252 75150 56235 463581 120809 133904 57749 7782505 79118 108907 510156 67663 107302 126998 N/A N/A N/A 1 31 9773 98828 N/A 3547044 334883 132649 84742 111444 62737 111422 64675 60117 79447 68122 131113 77781 106898 HAP Name Benzene (including benzene from gasoline) Benzidine Benzotri chloride Benzyl chloride Beryllium Compounds beta-Propiolactone Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Bis(chloromethyl) ether Bromoform Cadmium Compounds Calcium cyanamide Captan Carbaryl Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Carbonyl sulfide Catechol Chloramben Chlordane Chlorine Chloroacetic acid Chlorobenzene Chlorobenzilate Chloroform Chloromethyl methyl ether Chloroprene Chromium Compounds Cobalt Compounds Coke Oven Emissions Cresol/Cresylic acid (mixed isomers) Cumene Cyanide Compounds DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene) Diazomethane Dibenzofurans Dibutyl phthalate Dichloroethyl ether (Bis[2-chloroethyllether) Dichlorvos Diethanolamine Diethyl sulfate Dimethyl aminoazobenzene Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride Dimethyl formamide Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl sulfate Epichlorohydrin Synonyms Benzol; including benzene from gasoline [1 ,1 '-Biphenyll-4,4'-diamine Trichloromethylbenzene; Trichlorotoluene Chloromethylbenzene; Chlorotoluene 2-Oxetanone Phenyl benzene DEHP; Di(2-EthylHexyl) Phthalate Oxybis(chloromethane); Bis-CME Tribromomethane Cyanogas N-(trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide; Orthocide 1-Naphthalenol methylcarbamate Carbon bisulfide Tetrachloromethane Carbon oxysulfide 1,2-Benzenediol 3-Amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid Dichlorodene; Dowchlor; Octachlor Chloroethanoicacid Monochlorobenzene; Benzene chloride 4-Chloro-a-(4-chlorophenyl)-a-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid Trichloromethane Chloromethoxymethane 2-Chloro-1 ,3-butadiene Cresols; Cresylol; Toluenol Isopropyl Benzene Isopropyl Cyanide; Isobutyronitrile; Isopropylnitrile DDE Azimethylene Furans Di-n-butylphthalate Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Phosphoric acid 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester 2,2'-lminobisethanol Sulfuric acid diethyl ester 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene Dimethyl carbamic acid N,N-Dimethyl formamide 1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethy ester Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane C-3 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants Synonym List (Continued) CAS Num 140885 100414 51796 75003 106934 107062 107211 151564 75218 96457 75343 N/A 50000 N/A 76448 1 1 8741 87683 77474 67721 822060 680319 1 1 0543 302012 7647010 7664393 123319 78591 N/A 58899 108316 N/A 108394 N/A 67561 72435 74839 74873 71556 78933 74884 108101 624839 80626 1 634044 75092 101688 60344 HAP Name Ethyl acrylate Ethylbenzene Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane) Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane) Ethylene dichloride (1 ,2-Dichloroethane) Ethylene glycol Ethylene imine (Aziridine) Ethylene oxide Ethylene thiourea Ethylidene dichloride (1 ,1-Dichloroethane) Fine mineral fibers Formaldehyde Glycol ethers Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hexamethylene-1 ,6-diisocyanate Hexamethylphosphoramide Hexane Hydrazine Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid) Hydroquinone Isophorone Lead Compounds Lindane (all isomers) Maleic anhydride Manganese Compounds m-cresol Mercury Compounds Methanol Methoxychlor Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) Methyl chloroform (1,1 ,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl iodide (lodomethane) Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) Methyl isocyanate Methyl methacrylate Methyl tert-butyl ether Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) Methylhydrazine Synonyms 2-Propenoic acid ethyl ester Ethylbenzol; Phenylethane Urethane; Chloroethane Chloroethane Dibromoethane; 1,2-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dichloroethane 1 ,2-Ethanediol Aziridine Oxirane 2-Mercaptoimidazoline 1,1-Dichloroethane Methanal Glycol ethers (and their acetates) 3-Chlorochlordene; Heptachlorane Perchlorobenzene; HCB Hexachloro-1 ,3-Butadiene Hexachloro-1 ,3-Cyclopentadiene Carbon hexachloride; Ethane hexachloride Hexamethylene diisocyanate Hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide n-Hexane Hydrazine anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride; gas only Hydrofluoric Acid Dihydroguinone Isoacetophorone Hexachlorocyclohexane 2,5-Furandione Cresol/Cresylic acid (mixed isomers) Methyl alcohol 1 ,1 '-(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)-bis[4-methoxybenzenel Bromomethane Chloromethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane MEK; 2-Butanone lodomethane MIK; Hexone Isocyanic acid, methyl ester Methyl ester methacrylic acid MTBE Dichloromethane MDI; MethyleneBis (Phenylisosyanate); Methylene Biphenyl Isocyanate Monomethylhydrazine C-4 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants Synonym List (Continued) CAS Num 108383 121697 91203 N/A 98953 62759 59892 684935 90040 95487 95534 95476 56382 106445 82688 87865 108952 75445 7803512 N/A 85449 1 336363 N/A 106503 123386 1 1 4261 78875 75569 106423 91225 106514 N/A N/A 100425 96093 127184 7550450 108883 8001352 79016 121448 1 582098 108054 593602 75014 75354 1 330207 HAP Name m-Xylenes N,N-Dimethyl aniline Naphthalene Nickel Compounds Nitrobenzene N-Nitrosodimethylamine N-Nitrosomorpholine N-Nitroso-N-methylurea o-Anisidine o-cresol o-Toluidine o-Xylenes Parathion p-cresol Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) Pentachlorophenol Phenol Phosgene Phosphine Phosphorous Compounds Phthalic anhydride Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter p-Phenylenediamine Propionaldehyde Propoxur (Baygon) Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane) Propylene oxide p-Xylenes Quinoline Quinone Radionuclides (including radon) Selenium Compounds Styrene Styrene oxide Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Titanium tetrachloride Toluene Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene) Trichloroethylene Triethylamine Trifluralin Vinyl acetate Vinyl bromide Vinyl chloride Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene) Xylenes (mixed isomers) Synonyms 1 ,3-Dimethyl benzene N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine White tar; Camphor tar Nitrobenzol N-Methyl-N-nitroso-methanamine 4-Nitrosomorpholine NHU; N-nitroso-n-methylcarbamide 2-Anisidine; 2-Methoxy-1 -Aminobenzene Cresol/Cresylic acid (mixed isomers) 2-Aminotoluene 1 ,2-Dimethyl benzene Phosphorothioic acid O,O-diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester Cresol/Cresylic acid (mixed isomers) Quintobenzene; Quintozene Penta; PCP Carbolic acid Carbonic dichloride Hydrogen phosphide 1 ,3-lsobenzenofurandione Arochlors POM 1 ,4-Benzenediamine Propanal 2-(1-Methylethoxy)phenol methyl carbamate; Baygon 1 ,2-Dichloropropane Methyloxirane 1 ,4-Dimethyl benzene Leucoline; chinoleine p-Benzoguinone; 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1 ,4-dione Ethenylbenzene, Cinnamene, Phenylethylene, Vinyl benzene, Vinylbenzol Epoxystyrene Perchloroethylene; Perc Titanium chloride Methylbenzene Chlorinated camphene; camphechlor Trichloroethene; TCE N,N-Diethylethanamine 2,6-Dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine Acetic acid ethenyl ester; acetic acid vinyl ester Bromoethene; Bromoethylene Chloroethylene 1,1-Dichloroethylene; 1 ,1-Dichloroethene Dimethyl benzenes C-5 ------- APPENDIX D LIST OF AVAILABLE EIIP DOCUMENTS http:/www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/eiip/ D-l ------- List of Available EIIP Documents Volume I: Introduction Introduction and Use of EIIP Guidance for Emissions Inventory Development Volume II: Point Sources Chapter 1: Introduction to Stationary Point Source Emission Inventory Development Chapter 2: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Boilers Chapter 3: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Hot-Mix Asphalt Plants Chapter 4: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Equipment Leaks Chapter 5: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facilities Chapter 6: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Semiconductor Manufacturing Chapter 7: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Surface Coating Operations Chapter 8: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Paint and Ink Manufacturing Chapter 9: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Secondary Metal Processing Chapter 10: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Oil and Gas Field Production and Processing Operations Chapter 11: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Plastic Products Manufacturing Chapter 13: Technical Assessment Paper: Available Information for Estimating Air Emissions from Stone Mining and Quarrying Operations D-2 ------- Volume III: Area Sources Chapter 1: Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development Chapter 2: Residential Wood Combustion Chapter 3: Architectural Surface Coating Chapter 4: Dry Cleaning Chapter 5: Consumer and Commercial Solvent Chapter 6: Solvent Cleaning Chapter 7: Graphic Arts Chapter 8: Industrial Surface Coating Chapter 9: Pesticides - Agricultural and Nonagricultural Chapter 10: Agricultural Operations Chapter 11: Gasoline Marketing Chapter 12: Marine Vessel Loading, Ballasting and Transit Chapter 13: Autobody Refmishing Chapter 14: Traffic Paints Chapter 15: Municipal Landfills Chapter 17: Asphalt Paving Volume IV: Mobile Sources Chapter 1: Preferred and Alternative Methods for Gathering and Locating Specific Emission Inventory Data Chapter 2: Use of Locality-Specific Transportation Data for the Development of Mobile Source Emission Inventories Chapter 3: Guidance for Estimating Lawn and Garden Equipment Activity Levels Volume V: Biogenic Sources Biogenic Sources Preferred Methods D-3 ------- Volume VI: Quality Assurance Procedures Chapter 1: Introduction: The Value of QA/QC Chapter 2: Planning and Documentation Chapter 3: General QA/QC Methods Chapter 4: Evaluating the Uncertainty of Emission Estimates Chapter 5: Model QA Plan Appendix A: Example Audit Report Appendix B: Technical Systems Audit Checklist Example Appendix C: Example 1 of Data Quality Audit Checklist Appendix D: Example 2 of Data Quality Audit Checklist Appendix E: Performance Evaluation Checklist Example Appendix F: EIIP Recommended Approach to Using the Data Attribute System (DARS) DARS User Manual, Beta Version 1.1 DARS Software Beta Version 1.1 Volume VII: Data Management Procedures EIIP Phase I Data Model Prototype Version EIIP EDI Implementation Guidelines (for air emission modeling data), Prototype Version Prototype Demonstration for Data Transfer Method with Approach Study: Final Action Plan Volume VII: Data Management Procedures (Continued) Report Assessing the Procurement and Management of EDI Translators Report on Maintenance Issues Associated with the EDI X12 Convention Document D-4 ------- APPENDIX E CONTACTS E-l ------- APPENDIX El LIST OF EPA REGIONAL OFFICE AIR TOXIC CONTACTS El-1 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. El-2 ------- Susan Lancey EPA Region I (CAP) J.F.K. Federal Building Boston, MA 02203-2211 PH: (617)565-3587 FAX: (617)565-4940 Umesh Dholakia EPA Region II 290 Broadway New York, NY 10007-1866 PH: (212)637-4023 FAX: (212)637-3901 Diane Walker EPA Region III (3AP11) 1650 Arch St. Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029 PH: (215)814-3297 FAX: (215)814-2124 Lee Page EPA Region IV (AR-4) 61 Forsyth St. Atlanta, GA 30303-3415 PH: (404)562-9131 FAX: (404)562-9095 Bruce Varner EPA Region V(AE-17J) 77 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, IL 60604-3590 PH: (312)886-6793 FAX: (312)353-8289 Robert Todd Herb Sherrow EPA Region VI (6PD-AP) 1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 700 Dallas, TX 75202-2733 PH: (214)665-2156 FAX: (214)665-7263 EPA REGIONAL AIR TOXICS CONTACTS Richard Tripp EPA Region VII MC ARTD/APC 726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas City, KS 66101 PH: (913)551-7566 FAX: (913)551-7065 Victoria Parker-Christensen (8P-AR) Ann-Marie Patrie Heather Rooney (8ENF-T) EPA Region VIII 999 18th Street, Suite 5 00 Denver, CO 80202-2466 Victoria: (303)312-6064 Ann Marie: (303)312-6524 FAX: (303)312-6064 Heather: (303)312-6971 FAX: (303)312-6409 Mae Wang AIR-4 EPA Region IX 75 Hawthorne Street San Francisco, CA 94105 PH: (415)744-1200 FAX: (415)744-1076 Andrea Wullenweber EPA Region X (OAQ-107) 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, WA 98101 PH: (206)553-8760 FAX: (206)553-0404 El-3 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. El-4 ------- APPENDIX E2 LIST OF EIIP CONTACTS http:/www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/eiip/ E2-1 ------- This page is intentionally left blank E2-2 ------- STEERING COMMITTEE Steve Bromberg Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-Mail: bromberg.steve@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-1000 Fax: (919)541-0684 Roger Westman Allegheny County Health Department 301 3 9th Street Pittsburgh, PA 15201 Phone: (412)578-8103 Fax: (412)578-8144 POINT SOURCES COMMITTEE Roy Huntley Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-Mail: huntley.roy@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-1060 Fax: (919)541-0684 Bob Betterton South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Bureau of Air Quality 2600 Bull Street Columbia, SC 29201 E-Mail: betterrj@columb3l.dhec.sate.sc.us Phone: (803)734-4549 Fax: (803)734-4556 AREA SOURCES COMMITTEE Carolyn Lozo California Air Resources Board Technical Support Post Office box 2815 2020 L Street Sacramento, CA 95814-4219 E-Mail: clozo@cleanair.arb.ca.gov Phone: (916)323-8372 Fax: (916) 323-1075 or (916) 327-8524 Charles Mann Office of Research and Development Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (MD-61) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-Mail: mann.chuck@epamail.epa.gov or cmann@engineer.aeerl.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-4593 Fax: (919)541-7891 MOBILE SOURCES COMMITTEE Rob Altenburg Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Air Quality Post Office Box 8468 Market Street State Office Building, 12th Floor 400 Market Street Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468 E-mail: altenburg.robert@al.dep.state.pa.us Phone: (717)787-4310 Fax: (717)772-2303 Greg Janssen Office of Mobile Sources Environmental Protection Agency 2565 Plymouth Road/AATSB Ann Arbor, MI 48105 E-Mail: janssen.greg@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (313)668-4285 Fax: (313)668-4368 E2-3 ------- BIOGENIC SOURCES COMMITTEE Tom Pierce Modeling Systems Analysis Branch (MSAB) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-mail: pierce.tom@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-1375 Fax: (919)541-1379 QUALITY ASSURANCE COMMITTEE Tom Ballou Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 629 East Main Street Eighth Floor Richmond, VA 23219 E-mail: trballou@deq.state.va.us Phone: (804)698-4406 Fax: (804)698-4510 William B. Kuykendal Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-mail: kuykendal.bill@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-5372 Fax: (919)541-0684 DATA MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE John Slade Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Air Quality Post Office Box 8468 400 Market Street, 12th Floor Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468 E-Mail: slade.john@al.dep.state.pa.us Phone: (717)783-9476 Fax: (717)772-2303 Lee Tooly Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-Mail: tooly.lee@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-5292 Fax: (919)541-0684 GOVERNMENT INTERACTIONS COMMITTEE Dave Mobley Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division (MD-14) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-mail: mobley.david@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-4676 Fax: (919)541-0684 E2-4 ------- PROJECTIONS COMMITTEE Mohammed A. Mazeed, Ph.D., PE Air Quality Management Section (AQMS) Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) State of Delaware 156 South State Street Dover, DE 19901 E-Mail: mmazeed@state.de.us Phone: (302)739-4791 Fax: (302)739-3106 Greg Stella Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-Mail: stella.greg@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-3649 Fax: (919)541-0684 PM2 5 COMMITTEE Tom Pace Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14) Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 E-Mail: pace.tom@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (919)541-5634 Fax: (919)541-0684 Sheila Holman North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Air Quality Section 2728 Capital Boulevard Parker Lincoln Building Raleigh, NC 27604 E-Mail: sheila_holman@aq.enr.state.nc.us Phone: (919)715-0971 Fax: (919)733-1812 GREENHOUSE GAS COMMITTEE Ethan McMahon Office of Policy, Office of Economy and Environment Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, SW (2171) Washington, DC 20460 E-Mail: mcmahon.ethan@epamail.epa.gov Phone: (202)260-8549 Fax: (202)260-0290 Sam Sadler Oregon Department of Energy 625 Merion Street Salem, OR 97310 E-Mail: samuel.r.sadler@state.or.us Phone: (503)373-1034 Fax: (503)373-7806 E2-5 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. E2-6 ------- APPENDIX F OVERVIEW OF REFERENCE MATERIALS F-l ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) F-4 AIRSWeb F-5 National Toxics Inventory F-6 The NET Database F-7 Dun and Bradstreet Million Dollar Database F-7 Toxic Release Inventory F-7 Toxic Release Inventory Reporting Form R Guidance F-9 F-2 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. F-3 ------- OVERVIEW OF REFERENCE MATERIALS Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) The Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) is a computer-based repository of information about airborne pollution. The Airs Facility Subsystem (AFS) contains emissions, compliance data, and permit data for stationary sources. AFS data is used primarily by states in preparation of State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and SIP inventories. Types of data stored in AFS include: Facility name, location, and SIC code; Stack parameters; Process-specific operating schedule; SCC codes; Annual process rate, and fuel parameters; and Annual emissions estimates for criteria pollutants. AFS is used by some states as a repository of HAP emissions and facility specific data. Some states update HAP information in AFS regularly on an annual basis or whenever changes occur to a facility or its operation. Currently there is NO mandatory requirement by EPA for states to report HAP emissions in AFS. If data in AFS are going to be used for HAP inventory preparation purposes, it is important to understand the appropriate applications and limitations of the data. The completeness of the data in AIRS for a given state can be evaluated by determining the extent of HAP and source category coverage. For example, states may elect to report HAP emissions in AFS only for certain regions or nonattainment areas in the state; thus, not reporting a complete inventory of HAP emissions for the entire state. In regard to HAP coverage, it is important to consider the reporting thresholds that states have for HAP emissions. Some states require facilities to quantify and report speciated HAP emissions for any HAP emitted beyond a certain threshold. However, some states only require facilities to simply identify, but not quantify, those HAPs that are emitted beyond the requirement threshold. It is important to know the basis of the HAP emissions in AFSwhether they are reported as actual, potential (controlled or uncontrolled), permitted, or measured emissions. Depending on the emission type, emissions may be entered in AFS on a plant or segment level. Knowing the emission type and level that a state uses for reporting data will assist in downloading data from F-4 ------- AFS. Manuals may be downloaded from the Internet at http://ttnwww.rtpnc. epa.gov/html/airs/airs. htm#ASIR. AFS can also be used to identify facilities that are subject to a MACT standard; however, this can only be done for states that designate facilities that are subject to a MACT standard. AFS allows states to report information pertaining to MACT standards, such as indicating the MACT category that applies to a facility and the MACT compliance status (whether the facility is in compliance with the MACT standard). Although reporting MACT standard information in AFS is voluntary, this information may be used to assist in MACT floor determination. If MACT information is not available in AFS, SCC codes can be used to determine the MACT that may apply to a facility. The AIRS database resides on EPA's mainframe computer system and is not a publicly available database that can be accessed from the web. In order to retrieve information directly from AIRS, you need to obtain an account on the EPA mainframe computer system and pay the applicable computer usage charges. Information about obtaining a computer account is available by calling 1-800-334-2405 (toll free) or 919-541-7862. AIRSWeb The AIRSWeb gives access to air pollution data for the entire United States. AIRSWeb is a collection of the most significant AIRS data elements. AIRSWeb "Source Reports" display estimates of annual emissions of criteria pollutants from individual point sources, and number of sources and total pollutant emissions by industry. Specifically, there are six Source Reports that can be generated from AIRSWeb: Ranking: Lists each source in order of its pollutant emissions, ranking them from largest to smallest; Compliance: Indicates whether each source is complying with regulations governing air pollutant emissions; Address: The name and address of each source plus additional descriptive information; Count: The number of sources and total air pollutant emissions for each geographic area (county, state, or EPA region); SIC: The number of sources and total air pollutant emissions for each SIC; and Year: The number of sources that submitted emissions estimates for each calendar year (indicates how recent are the data). AIRSWeb data collection is refreshed monthly, usually on the first Tuesday. AIRSWeb reports can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www.epa.gov/airsweb/sources.htm. F-5 ------- National Toxics Inventory The 1993 National Toxics Inventory (NTI) database contains county-level air toxics data for the 188 HAPs for hundreds of major, area, and mobile source categories. Source categories included in the NTI are classified by SIC codes, SCC codes, AMS codes, or hybrid NTI category codes. Specifically, the data contained in the NTI includes annual emissions at the state and county levels. The NTI air toxics data are compiled from a variety of sources including: CAA-mandated studies including Section 112(c)(6) and Section 112(k); State air toxics programs; TRI data; Data generated in support of the MACT standards program; and Industry and trade group data. Data elements included in the NTI database are: FIPS state code; FIPS county code; Source category code and description; Pollutant code and description; and Total state and county-level emissions. Some of the limitations of the 1993 NTI are that the inventory does not directly contain facility-specific data. Most of the emissions estimates were developed using a top-down approach. However, some of the raw data used to compile the inventory such as TRI and MACT data, and some state and local inventory data were facility-specific. While the NTI does not provide direct procedural guidance, the emissions data and background documentation for emission calculations used in preparing it can be helpful to you in preparing your own air toxics inventory. The 1996 Periodic Inventory Guidance document includes this information and can be downloaded from OAQPS' web page at http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/ei/. NTI is a work-in-progress and is currently being updated to a 1996 base year, and efforts are underway to incorporate facility-specific, major source inventory data for the 1996 base year. F-6 ------- NTI data can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through EPA's Web site at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/. The NET Database The National Emissions Trends (NET) system is a national repository database compiled by EPA and includes EPA's latest estimates of national emissions for criteria pollutants. Non-criteria pollutants included in the inventory are HAPs, PM2.5, and ammonia. Estimates are contained in the inventory for the years 1900 to 1996, with increasing levels of detail in the more recent years. The 1996 NET inventory includes state-submitted inventory data generated for the Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG) and Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commissions (GCVTC) and other inventory services. The NET inventory, does not necessarily include state data for any particular source or pollutant. However, EPA intends to provide statewide 1996 emissions inventory data on a county level basis to every state in the country. The NET inventory can be used as a starting point in compiling a statewide air toxics inventory because the inventory includes some HAP emissions. Moreover, the NET inventory can be used to compile an initial list of emission sources in the state. Additional information on the NET inventory can be obtained through the EFIG's Emissions Inventory Web site at http/Avww.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/ei/or from the Info CHIEF Help Desk at: (919) 541-5285. Dun and Bradstreet Million Dollar Database D&B Million Dollar Database provides information on over 1,000,000 U.S. leading public and private businesses. Company information includes name, address (including county), and industry information with up to 24 individual 8-digit SICs. The database also allows you to search for specific companies, or find companies within a specific industry group. Access to these databases is available on a subscription basis. Company data is updated every 60 days. The database can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www.dnb.com/. Toxic Release Inventory The EPA's Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) is a compilation of information about toxic chemicals used, manufactured, stored, treated, transported, or released into the environment. EPA stores TRI data in the Toxics Release Inventory System (TRIS). The TRI chemical list currently includes 579 individually-listed chemicals and 28 chemical categories. Some of the information included in the TRI database includes: Type of chemicals released into the local environment during the preceding year; and Quantity of each chemical that went into the air, water, and land in a particular year. F-7 ------- TRI data are best used when combined with information from other sources because of the following limitations associated with the TRI data: TRI covers only a subset of industrial sources. Non-industrial sources such as dry cleaners or automobile service stations are not covered in TRI; Only provides facility estimates reported as either stack or fugitive emissions; no breakout at the process level; Many point sources may not be required to report data to TRIS. Facilities must meet all of the following criteria in order to report data to TRIS; Facilities that conduct manufacturing operations with SIC codes 20 through 39; Facilities that have 10 or more full-time employees or their equivalent; Facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use EPCRA Section 313 chemicals at the following thresholds: 25,000 Ib/yr for manufacturing and processing, or 100,000 Ib/yr otherwise used. TRI data are self-reported by the emitting facilities and reported releases may have been based upon estimation techniques rather than direct monitoring or testing, and therefore may not represent an accurate amount of release; TRI does not require a listing of all chemicals released, and thus, many releases go unreported. Moreover, chemicals may be added or deleted from the list. The EPCRA Information Hotline at (800) 535-0202 will provide up-to-date information on the status of the changes; and Five of the 188 HAPs are currently not required to be reported in TRI. These HAPs are: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (540-84-1); 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin (1746-01-6); DDE (3547-04-4); coke oven emissions; and radionuclides. TRI can be searched by pollutant, SIC, facility name, or location. Updated TRI lists of chemicals can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics Web site at http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/tri/chemical.htm. TRI reports are available in public libraries or can be downloaded off the World Wide Web at http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/tri/access.htm. The TRI database can also be searched online through the Right-To-Know Network (RTK NET) at http://www.rtk.net/www/data/data gen.html. Toxic Release Inventory Reporting Form R Guidance Title IE, Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance documents contain information to help industries comply with the reporting requirements of Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 and Section 6607 of the Pollution Prevention Act of F-8 ------- 1990. These manuals are intended to supplement the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form R and Instruction. EPCRA Section 313 reporting requirements are discussed and the information needed to determine if an EPCRA 313 report must be prepared for a specific facility is presented. This discussion includes the definitions and lists required to make this decision. Threshold determination is explained in detail, including the step-by-step procedure with examples to clarify the process. Detailed instructions for estimating releases are presented in each document. Again, a step-by-step approach is presented and illustrated with examples of the concepts presented and the calculations required. Industry-specific information includes a list of the commonly used EPCRA Section 313 chemicals; an overview of the industry processes; identification of appropriate chemical activities and reporting thresholds; methods for estimating quantities of chemicals released or otherwise managed; and discussion of common reporting errors. The list of current TRI documents can be found in the reporting instructions that are sent to the facilities every year. Or, they can be obtained by calling EPA's Toxic Release Inventory Branch at (202) 260-3 943. The guidance documents that have been produced include: Monofilament fiber manufacture; Printing operations; Electrodeposition of organic coatings; Spray application of organic coatings; Semiconductor manufacture; Formulation of aqueous solutions; Electroplating operations; Textile dyeing; Presswood and laminated wood products manufacturing; Roller, knife, and gravure coating operations; Paper and paperboard production; Leather tanning and finishing processes; F-9 ------- Wood preserving; Rubber production and compounding; Estimating releases and waste treatment efficiencies; Metal fabrication industry; and Food processors. The following documents were updated in 1997 and can be obtained from the TRI Web site at www.epa.gov/opptmtr/tri/industry.html: Metal mining; Coal mining; RCRA Subtitle CTSD facilities and solvent recovery; Petroleum distribution; Electric generation; and Chemical distribution. The following documents are being updated: Food processing; Metal fabrication; Electroplating; Semiconductors; Paper and paperboard; Printing operations; Spray application of organic coatings; Textiles; Rubber production; F-10 ------- Electrodeposition; Presswood; Monofilament mfg; Roller, knife and gravure; Leather; and Wood preservation. In addition, the following documents are being written: Smelting operations; Welding operations; and Incidental manufacture/byproducts. F-ll ------- APPENDIX G LISTS OF FY99 105 GRANT, SECTION 112(c)(6), SECTION 112(k), AND GREAT WATERS HAPs G-l ------- LISTS OF FY99 105 GRANT, SECTION 112(c)(6), SECTION 112(k), AND GREAT WATERS HAPs HAP , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane ,2-Dichloropropane (Propylene Bichloride) ,3 -Butadiene ,3 -Dichloropropene ,4-Dichlorobenzene 2,3,7,8-TCDF/2,3,7,8-TCDD 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate Acetaldehyde Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylonitrile Alkylated Lead Compounds Antimony & compounds Arsenic Compounds Benzene Beryllium Compounds bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Cadmium Compounds Carbon Tetrachloride Chlordane Chloroform Chromium Compounds Coke Oven Emissions DDE Ethyl Acrylate Ethylene Dibromide (1,2-Dibromoethane) Ethylene Dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Glycol ethers Hexachlorobenzene Hydrazine Lead Compounds Lindane Manganese Compounds Mercury Compounds Methyl Chloride (Chloromethane) Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane) Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) Nickel Compounds Phosgene CAS Number 79345 79005 78875 106990 542756 106467 n/a 584849 75070 107028 79061 107131 n/a n/a n/a 71432 n/a 111444 117817 n/a 56235 57749 67663 n/a n/a 72559 140885 106934 107062 75218 50000 n/a 118741 302012 n/a 58899 n/a n/a 74873 75902 101688 n/a 75445 FY99 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 112(c)(6) X X X X 112(k)* X X x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ X x+ x+ x+ X x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ X X x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ x+ X x+ x+ x+ Great Waters** X X X X X X X X G-2 ------- LISTS OF FY99 105 GRANT, SECTION 112(c)(6), SECTION 112(k), AND GREAT WATERS HAPs (CONTINUED) HAP Polychlorinated Biphenyls POM*** Quinoline Styrene Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Toluene Toxaphene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Chloride Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes CAS Number 1336363 n/a 91225 100425 127184 108883 8001352 79016 75014 75354 133027, 95476, 108383, 106423 FY99 X X X X X X X 112(c)(6) X X 112(k)* x+ X X x+ x+ x+ X Great Waters** X X X * The 112(k) Inventory included 40 potential urban area HAPs. The inventory played a role in identifying a list of 30 proposed urban area HAPs that were included in the regulatory analysis. The prepared urban area HAPs have been identified by a (+). ** Great Waters pollutants list also includes DDT, a-Hexachlorocyclohexane, Dieldrin, and Nitrogen compounds. *** Inventory as sum of 16 PAH and speciate. 16 PAH compounds include: Acenaphthene Acenaphfhylene Anthracene Benz(a)anthracene Benz(a)pyerene^ Benzo(b)fluoranthene^ Benzo(ghi)perylene^ Benzo(k)fluoranthene^ Chrysene^ Dibenz(a,h)anthracene^ Fluoranthene Fluorene Indeno( 1,2,3 -cd)pyrene^ Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene t These 7 PAHs are carcinogenic and are usually reported as the sum of 7 PAH Note: The 41 HAPs identified for inventory under the FY99 105 Grant funds may change in future years. G-3 ------- APPENDIX H HAP LIST AND INDIVIDUAL CONSTITUENTS [Note: This table includes individual HAPs currently in EPA's National Toxic Inventory. They do not include all HAPs that are listed in the Clean Air Act as components of HAP groups or mixtures.] H-l ------- HAP List And Individual Constituents Metals 188 HAP Name Constituent Antimony Compounds Antimony Compounds Antimony Compounds Antimony Compounds Antimony Compounds Antimony Compounds Arsenic Compounds Arsenic Compounds Arsenic Compounds Arsenic Compounds Arsenic Compounds Arsenic Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Compounds Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Antimony Antimony oxide Antimony pentafluoride Antimony trichloride Antimony trioxide Antimony trisulfide Arsine Arsenic Arsenic acid Arsenic compounds (inorganic) Arsenic pentoxide Arsenic trioxide Ammonium dichromate Calcium chromate Chromic acid Chromic oxide Chromic sulfate Chromium Chromium III Chromium +6 Chromium chloride Chromium dioxide Chromium hydroxide Chromium trioxide Chromium zinc oxide Chromyl chloride Chromyl fluoride Lithium chromate Potassium chromate Sodium chromate Sodium dichromate Strontium chromate Zinc chromate Zinc chromates Zinc chromite Potassium dichromate Alkylated lead Lead Lead acetate Lead arsenate Lead arsenite Lead carbonate H-2 ------- HAP List And Individual Constituents (Continued) Metals (Continued) 188 HAP Name Constituent Lead Compound Glycol ethers Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Lead Compound Manganese Compounds Manganese Compounds Manganese Compounds Manganese Compounds Manganese Compounds Manganese Compounds Manganese Compounds Mercury compounds Mercury compounds Mercury compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Nickel compounds Lead chromate Lead chromate oxide Lead compounds (inorganic) Lead compounds (other than inorganic) Lead fluoroborate Lead mono oxide Lead naphthalene Lead neodecanoate Lead nitrate Lead oxide Lead phosphate Lead stearate Lead subacetate Lead sulfate Lead titanate Lead titanate zircon Tetraethyl lead Manganese Manganese dioxide Manganese naphthalene Manganese nitrate Manganese sulfate Manganese tallate Manganese tetroxide Mercuric chloride Mercury (organic) Methyl mercury Nickel Nickel acetate Nickel bromide Nickel carbide Nickel carbonate Nickel carbonyl Nicklel chloride Nickel hydroxide Nickel nitrate Nickelocene Nickel oxide Nickel refinery dust from the pyrometallurgical Nickel subsulfide Nickel sulfamate Nickel sulfate H-3 ------- HAP List And Individual Constituents (Continued) Metals (Continued) 188 HAP Name Constituent Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Phosphorous Compounds Selenium Compounds Selenium Compounds Selenium Compounds Selenium Compounds Phosphoric acid Phosphorothioic acid Phosphorous acid Phosphorous nitride Phosphorous salt Phosphorus Phosphorus oxychloride Phosphorus pentasulfide Phosphorus pentoxide Phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus trioxide Triorthocresyl phosphate Triphenyl phosphate Triphenyl phosphite Zinc phosphate Selenium Selenium disulfide Selenium oxide Selenium sulfide H-4 ------- HAP List And Individual Constituents (Continued) Glycol Ethers 188 HAP Name Constituent Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glycol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers 1 ,1-Dimethoxyethane 1 ,2-Dimethoxvethane 1 -Ethoxv-2-Propanol 1 -lsobutoxv-2-Propanol 2-(2,4-Hexadienvloxv)Ethanol 2-(Hexvloxy)Ethanol 2-Butoxvethvl Acetate 2-Propoxvethvl Acetate 3-Butoxv-1 -Propanol 3-Ethoxv-1 -Propanol 3-Methoxv-1 -Propanol Butyl Carbitol Acetate Butvl Cellosolve Carbitol Acetate Cellosolve Acetate Cellosolve Solvent DKEthvlene Glvcol Monobutvl Ether) Phthalate Diethylene Glvcol Diethvlene Glvcol Di(3-AminopropvD Ether Diethylene Glvcol Dibenzoate Diethvlene Glvcol Dialvcidvl Ether Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Dinitrate Diethvlene Glvcol Divinyl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Ethvl Methvl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Ethylvinyl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Mono-2-Cvanoethvl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Monobutvl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Monoisobutvl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Monomethyl Ether Diethvlene Glvcol Monovinvl Ether Diethvlenealvcol-Mono-2-Methyl-Pentyl Ether (Ethvlenebis(Oxvethvlenenitrilo)') Tetraacetic Acid Ethylene Glvcol Bis(2,3-Epoxv-2-Methvlpropyl) Ether Ethvlene Glvcol Diallvl Ether Ethylene Glvcol Diethyl Ether Ethylene Glycol dimethyl ether Ethvlene Glvcol Methyl Ether Ethvlene Glvcol Monobenzvl Ether Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Ethvlene Glvcol Monomethvl Ether Acetate H-5 ------- HAP List And Individual Constituents (Continued) Glycol Ethers (Continued) 188 Name Constituent Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Glvcol ethers Glycol ethers Ethvlene Glvcol Mono-sec-Butvl Ether Ethvlene Glvcol Monovinvl Ether Ethvleneqlvcol Mono-2-Methvlpentvl Ether Ethvleneqlvcol Monophenvl Ether Propionate Ethvleneqlvcolmono-2,6,8-Trimethvl-4-Nonvl Ether Glycols, Polyethylene, Mono(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutylphenyl) Ether Glvcols, Polyethylene, Polypropylene Monobutvl Ether (nonionic) Isobutvl Cellosolve Isopropvl Glvcol Methoxyethyl Oleate Methvl Cellosolve Acetvlricinoleate Methyl Cellosolve Acrylate Nonyl Phenvl Polyethylene Glvcol Ether p-Dioxane Propvl Cellosolve Propylene Glvcol Monomethyl Ether Triethvlene Glvcol Glycol Ethers H-6 ------- HAP List And Individual Constituents (Continued) Dioxins and Furans* 188 HAP Name Constituent Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans Dibenzofuran Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Octachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran Dibenzofurans(CI) Dioxins Heptachlorodibenzofuran Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Hexachlorodibenzofuran Pentachlorodibenzofuran Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Tetrachlorodibenzofuran Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin *Dioxins and Furans (total tetra - through octa - chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) are federally designated pollutants under the New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) program. H-7 ------- HAP List And Individual Constituents (Continued) PAH/POM 188 HAP Name Constituent Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Polycyclic Organic Matter Benzo[a]pyrene Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene Benz[a]anthracene Acenaphthene Phenanthrene Fluorene 1 -methylnaphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene 2-chloronaphthalene Anthracene Crotonaldehyde Pyrene D[a,h]pyrene Benzo[g,h,i,]perylene D[a,e]pyrene Benzo[e]pyrene lndeno[1 ,2,3-c,d]pyrene B[j]fluoranthen Benzo[b]fluoranthene Fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Acenaphthylene Chrysene D[a,j]acridine 16-PAH* 1 -Phenanthrene Acenaphthalene Benzo[b+k]fluoranthene PAH, total Polycyclic Organic Matter Extractable Organic Matter (EOM) 7-PAH** 16 PAH compounds include: Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benz(a)anthracene* Benzo(a)pyrene** Benzo(b)fluoranthene* Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene* Chrysene** Dibenz(a,h)anthracene* Fluoranthene Fluorene lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene* Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene These 7 PAHs are carcinogenic and are usually reported as the sum of 7 PAH. H-8 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. H-9 ------- APPENDIX I LIST OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS AND ASSOCIATED MACT SOURCE CATEGORIES [NOTE: These tables include only MACT source categories for which national-level HAP emission estimates have been developed under EPA's National Toxic Inventory Development Program; they do not include all HAP emissions from all MACT sources. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998. Baseline Emissions Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources. Prepared by the Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.] 1-1 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (79345) Chlorine Production Hazardous Waste Incineration Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (79005) Chlorine Production Hazardous Waste Incineration MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (57147) Chlorine Production MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (120821) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Semiconductor Manufacturing Tire Production l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (96128) Tire Production 1,2-Epoxybutane (106887) Chlorine Production Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methylaziridine) (75558) MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 1,3-Butadiene (106990) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Coke By-Product Plants MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Secondary Lead Smelting Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Tire Production 1,3-Dichloropropene (542756) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Secondary Lead Smelting Utilities - Coal 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p) (106467) Agricultural Chemicals Production |MON 1-2 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) (123911) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Iron Foundries MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Tire Production 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (540841) Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Oil and Natural Gas Production Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Tire Production 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Tire Production 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (95954) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) (94757) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 2,4-Dinitrophenol (51285) Agricultural Chemicals Production Coke By-Product Plants Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Steel Foundries Tire Production 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (121142) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Tire Production Utilities - Coal 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (584849) Clay Products Manufacturing Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Spandex Production Vegetable Oil Production 2-Chloroacetophenone (532274) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Tire Production Utilities - Coal 2-Nitropropane MON Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) 1-3 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) 3,3-Dichlorobenzidene (91941) MON Tire Production 3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine (119904) Tire Production 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (119934) Tire Production 4,4-Methylenebis(2-chloro aniline) (101144) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production 4,4'-Methylenedianiline (101779) Chlorine Production MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (including salts) (534521) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Tire Production 4,4'-Methylenedianiline (101779) Agricultural Chemicals Production Boat Manufacturing Chlorine Production Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Mineral Wool Production MON Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Steel Foundries Vegetable Oil Production 4-Aminobiphenyl (92671) Tire Production Dimethylaminoazobenzene (60117) Tire Production 4-Nitrobiphenyl (92933) Tire Production 4-Nitrophenol (100027) Agricultural Chemicals Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Tire Production Acetaldehyde (75070) Baker's Yeast Manufacturing Chlorine Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Municipal Waste Combustors Other Biological Incineration Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary Turbines Tire Production Utilities - Coal 1-4 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Utilities - Oil Acetamide (60355) MON Acetonitrile (75058) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production Acetophenone (98862) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Pharmaceuticals Production Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Tire Production Utilities - Coal Acrolein (107028) Chlorine Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Tire Production Utilities - Coal Acrylamide (79061) MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Acrylic Acid (79107) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Acrylonitrile (107131) Acrylic Fibers/Modacrylic Fibers Production Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production Allyl Chloride (107051) Chlorine Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 1-5 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) MON Pharmaceuticals Production Tire Production Aniline (62533) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Tire Production Antimony & Compounds Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Ferroalloys Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Primary Copper Smelting Primary Lead Smelting Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utility Turbines Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Clay Products Manufacturing Crematories Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Primary Copper Smelting Primary Lead Smelting Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Asbestos (1332214) Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Chlorine Production Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Benzene (71432) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Pharmaceuticals Production 1-6 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Carbon Black Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Coke Ovens: Charging, Top Side, and Door Leaks Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Marine Vessel Loading Operations Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Oil and Natural Gas Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Taconite Iron Ore Processing Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Benzidine (92875) Tire Production Benzotrichloride (98077) Chlorine Production MON Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Tire Production Benzyl Chloride (100447) Chlorine Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Utilities - Coal Beryllium & Compounds Clay Products Manufacturing Crematories Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Primary Copper Smelting Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Utility Boilers - Coke Utility Turbines Biphenyl (92524) Agricultural Chemicals Production Carbon Black Production Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 1-7 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Chlorine Production Coke By-Product Plants MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Rayon Production Secondary Lead Smelting Steel Foundries Tire Production Vegetable Oil Production Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (117817) Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Clay Products Manufacturing Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production Utilities - Coal Bis(chloromethyl) Ether (542881) MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Bromoform (75252) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Tire Production Utilities - Coal Cadmium & Compounds Aerospace Industries Carbon Black Production Clay Products Manufacturing Crematories Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Other Biological Incineration Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Primary Copper Smelting Primary Lead Smelting Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Boilers - Coke Utility Turbines Calcium Cyanamide (156627) MON Captan (133062) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Carbaryl (63252) Agricultural Chemicals Production |MON 1-8 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Carbon Bisulfide (75150) Agricultural Chemicals Production Carbon Black Production Cellophane Production Cellulose Food Casing Manufacturing Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Municipal Landfills Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Rayon Production Secondary Lead Smelting Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Carbon Tetrachloride (56235) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Hazardous Waste Incineration Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production Utilities - Coal Carbonyl Sulfide (463581) Carbon Black Production Chlorine Production Coke By-Product Plants Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks MON Municipal Landfills Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Primary Aluminum Production Steel Foundries Tire Production Catechol (120809) MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Semiconductor Manufacturing Chloramben (133904) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlordane (57749) MON Chlorine (7782505) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Ferroalloys Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production 1-9 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Medical Waste Incinerators MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Phosphate Fertilizers Production Primary Copper Smelting Primary Magnesium Refining Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Rayon Production Semiconductor Manufacturing Steel Foundries Steel Pickling HC1 Process Chloroacetic Acid (79118) MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Chlorobenzene (108907) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Chloroform (67663) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production Utilities - Coal Chloromethyl Methyl Ether (107302) MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Chloroprene Chlorine Production MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Chromium & Compounds Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Municipal Waste Combustors Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) 1-10 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Chlorine Production Chromic Acid Anodizing Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Crematories Decorative Chromium Electroplating Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Hard Chromium Electroplating Industrial Boilers Industrial Process Cooling Towers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Lime Manufacturing Medical Waste Incinerators Mineral Wool Production MON Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Primary Copper Smelting Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Boilers - Coke Utility Turbines Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Cobalt Compounds Aerospace Industries Clay Products Manufacturing Ferroalloys Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Primary Copper Smelting Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Coke Oven Emissions Coke Ovens: Charging, Top Side, and Door Leaks Cresols (1319773 ) (includes o [95487], m [108394], and p [106445]) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Coke By-Product Plants MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Copper Smelting Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Steel Foundries 1-11 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Utilities - Coal Cumene (98828) Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Chlorine Production Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Cyanide Compounds Agricultural Chemicals Production Carbon Black Production Coke By-Product Plants Ferroalloys Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Steel Foundries Dibutyl Phthalate (84742) Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Clay Products Manufacturing Friction Products Manufacturing MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Secondary Lead Smelting Tire Production Utilities - Coal Dichlorethyl Ether (111444) Chlorine Production MON Tire Production Dichlorvos (62737) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Pharmaceuticals Production Diethanolamine (111422) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Iron Foundries MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired 1-12 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Steel Foundries Diethyl Sulfate (64675) MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Dimethyl Phthalate (131113) Boat Manufacturing Clay Products Manufacturing MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Dimethyl Sulfate (77781) Agricultural Chemicals Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Dimethylformamide (68122) Pharmaceuticals Production Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ (1746016) Crematories Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Medical Waste Incinerators Municipal Waste Combustors Other Biological Incineration Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Scrap or Waste Tire Incineration Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) (106898) Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Chlorine Production MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Tire Production Ethyl Acrylate (140885) Chlorine Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Ethyl Carbamate (51796) Secondary Lead Smelting Ethyl Chloride (75003) Chlorine Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Municipal Landfills Pharmaceuticals Production Polycarbonates Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Utilities - Coal 1-13 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Ethylbenzene (100414) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Friction Products Manufacturing Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Conimercial Boilers Iron Foundries Mineral Wool Production MON Municipal Landfills Oil and Natural Gas Production Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Ethylene Dibromide (106934) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Ethylene Bichloride (75343) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Other Biological Incineration Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production Utilities - Coal Ethylene Glycol (107211) Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Carbon Black Production Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Metal Coil (Surface Coating) Metal Furniture (Surface Coating) Mineral Wool Production Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (Surface Coating) MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 1-14 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Ferroalloys Production Flat Wood Paneling (Surface Coating) Friction Products Manufacturing Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Large Appliance (Surface Coating) Metal Can (Surface Coating) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Rayon Production Semiconductor Manufacturing Steel Foundries Ethylene Oxide (75218) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Commercial Sterilization Facilities MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polyether Polyols Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Ethylidene Bichloride (75343) Municipal Landfills Tire Production Formaldehyde (50000) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Crematories Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Medical Waste Incinerators Mineral Wool Production MON Municipal Waste Combustors Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Polymers and Resins III Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Taconite Iron Ore Processing Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Glycol Ethers Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired 1-15 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Flat Wood Paneling (Surface Coating) Friction Products Manufacturing Iron Foundries Large Appliance (Surface Coating) Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Metal Can (Surface Coating) Metal Coil (Surface Coating) Metal Furniture (Surface Coating) Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (Surface Coating) Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Rayon Production Semiconductor Manufacturing Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) Steel Foundries Wood Furniture (Surface Coating) Heptachlor (76448) MON Hexachlorobenzene (118741) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Tire Production Utilities - Coal Hexachlorobutadiene (87683) Chlorine Production MON Tire Production Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (77474) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Tire Production Hexachloroethane (67721) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Tire Production Hexane (110543) Aerospace Industries Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Marine Vessel Loading Operations Municipal Landfills Oil and Natural Gas Production Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Pharmaceuticals Production Polyether Polyols Production Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Tire Production Utilities - Coal Hydrazine (302012) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) (7647010) Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Phosphate Fertilizers Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired 1-16 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Coke By-Product Plants Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Lime Manufacturing Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Primary Aluminum Production Primary Copper Smelting Primary Magnesium Refining Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Aluminum Production Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Steel Pickling HC1 Process Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Vegetable Oil Production Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) (7664393) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Hydrogen Fluoride Production Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Phosphate Fertilizers Production Phosphoric Acid Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Primary Aluminum Production Secondary Aluminum Production Semiconductor Manufacturing Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Hydroquinone (123319) Chlorine Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Semiconductor Manufacturing Tire Production Isophorone (78591) Clay Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Tire Production Utilities - Coal Lead & Compounds Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Boat Manufacturing Clay Products Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Primary Copper Smelting Primary Lead Smelting 1-17 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Coke By-Product Plants Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Lime Manufacturing Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Phosphate Fertilizers Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Taconite Iron Ore Processing Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Lindane (58899) Agricultural Chemicals Production Maleic Anhydride (108316) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Vegetable Oil Production Manganese & Compounds Agricultural Chemicals Production Boat Manufacturing Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Phosphate Fertilizers Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Primary Aluminum Production Primary Copper Smelting Primary Lead Smelting Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Mercury & Compounds Aerospace Industries Carbon Black Production Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired 1-18 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Chlorine Production Chromic Acid Anodizing Clay Products Manufacturing Crematories Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Lime Manufacturing Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Primary Copper Smelting Primary Lead Smelting Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Methanol (67561) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Friction Products Manufacturing Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Mineral Wool Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Phosphate Fertilizers Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Polymers and Resins III Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Rayon Production Semiconductor Manufacturing Steel Foundries Vegetable Oil Production Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Methoxychlor (72435) Agricultural Chemicals Production Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) (74839) Agricultural Chemicals Production Clay Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Secondary Lead Smelting Tire Production Utilities - Coal Methyl Chloride (74873) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting 1-19 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Industrial Boilers MON Tire Production Utilities - Coal Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) (71556) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Boat Manufacturing Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Halogenated Solvent Cleaners Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators Mineral Wool Production MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Phosphate Fertilizers Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Primary Copper Smelting Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) (78933) Aerospace Industries Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Boat Manufacturing Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Flat Wood Paneling (Surface Coating) Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Large Appliance (Surface Coating) Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Magnetic Tape (Surface Coating) Metal Can (Surface Coating) Metal Coil (Surface Coating) Metal Furniture (Surface Coating) Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal 1-20 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (Surface Coating) MON Municipal Landfills Vegetable Oil Production Wood Furniture (Surface Coating) Methyl Iodide (lodomethane) (74884) Clay Products Manufacturing MON Pharmaceuticals Production Secondary Lead Smelting Utilities - Coal Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) (108101) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Chlorine Production Coke By-Product Plants Flat Wood Paneling (Surface Coating) Friction Products Manufacturing Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Magnetic Tape (Surface Coating) Metal Can (Surface Coating) Metal Coil (Surface Coating) Metal Furniture (Surface Coating) Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (Surface Coating) MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Phosphate Fertilizers Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Semiconductor Manufacturing Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Wood Furniture (Surface Coating) Methyl Isocyanate (624839) Agricultural Chemicals Production Iron Foundries MON Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Methyl Methacrylate (80626) Agricultural Chemicals Production Boat Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Utilities - Coal Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (1634044) Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production 1-21 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) MON Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Utilities - Coal Methylene Chloride (75092) Agricultural Chemicals Production Boat Manufacturing Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Flexible Polyurethane Foam Fabrication Operations Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production Friction Products Manufacturing Halogenated Solvent Cleaners Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polycarbonates Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Spandex Production Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Methylhydrazine (60344) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON N,N-Dimethylaniline (121697) MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production N-Nitrosodimethylamine (62759) Pharmaceuticals Production Tire Production Utilities - Coal N-Nitrosomorpholine (59892) Tire Production Nickel & Compounds Aerospace Industries Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Crematories Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Primary Copper Smelting Primary Lead Smelting Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Secondary Aluminum Production Secondary Lead Smelting 1-22 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Waste Combustors Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Boilers - Coke Utility Turbines Vegetable Oil Production Nitrobenzene (98953) MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Tire Production o-Anisidine (90040) MON Tire Production o-Toluidine (95534) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production p-Phenylenediamine (106503) MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Parathion (56382) Agricultural Chemicals Production Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) (82688) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Tire Production Pentachlorophenol (87865) Agricultural Chemicals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Tire Production Utilities - Coal Phenol (108952) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Friction Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Polymers and Resins III Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing 1-23 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Iron Foundries Lime Manufacturing Mineral Wool Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Phosgene (75445) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Phosphorus (7723140) Clay Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers MON Phosphate Fertilizers Production Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Phthalic Anhydride (85449) MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Utilities - Coal Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) (1336363) Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Medical Waste Incinerators Municipal Landfills Municipal Waste Combustors Other Biological Incineration Scrap or Waste Tire Incineration Sewage Sludge Incineration Utilities - Oil Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Carbon Black Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Coke Ovens: Charging, Top Side, and Door Leaks Municipal Waste Combustors Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries Catalytic Cracking (Fluid and other) Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Plant Units Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production 1-24 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Crematories Ferroalloys Production Friction Products Manufacturing Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Hazardous Waste Incineration Industrial Boilers Institutional/Cornmercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Scrap or Waste Tire Incineration Secondary Lead Smelting Sewage Sludge Incineration Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Propionaldehyde (123386) Chlorine Production Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Utilities - Coal Propoxur (Baygon) (114261) Agricultural Chemicals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Propylene Bichloride (78875) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Propylene Oxide (75569) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polyether Polyols Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Tire Production Quinoline (91225) Coke By-Product Plants MON Pharmaceuticals Production Steel Foundries Utilities - Coal Quinone (p-Benzoquinone) (106514) MON Selenium Compounds Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers MON Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries 1-25 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Primary Copper Smelting Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Utility Turbines Styrene (100425) Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Boat Manufacturing Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Iron Foundries Mineral Wool Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Copper Smelting Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Styrene Oxide (96093) MON Tetrachloroethylene (127184) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Dry Cleaning Facilities Friction Products Manufacturing Halogenated Solvent Cleaners Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Medical Waste Incinerators MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Titanium Tetrachloride (7550450) MON [Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Toluene (108883) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Oil and Natural Gas Production Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed 1-26 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Boat Manufacturing Cellophane Production Chlorine Production Chromium Refractories Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Flat Wood Paneling (Surface Coating) Friction Products Manufacturing Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Large Appliance (Surface Coating) Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Magnetic Tape (Surface Coating) Marine Vessel Loading Operations Medical Waste Incinerators Metal Can (Surface Coating) Metal Coil (Surface Coating) Metal Furniture (Surface Coating) Mineral Wool Production Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (Surface Coating) MON Municipal Landfills Pharmaceuticals Production Phosphate Fertilizers Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polyether Polyols Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) Spandex Production Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Taconite Iron Ore Processing Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Natural Gas Utilities - Oil Vegetable Oil Production Wood Furniture (Surface Coating) Trichloroethylene (79016) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Halogenated Solvent Cleaners Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Medical Waste Incinerators MON Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Steel Foundries 1-27 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Tire Production Utilities - Coal Triethylamine (121448) Pharmaceuticals Production Trifluralin (1582098) Agricultural Chemicals Production MON Pharmaceuticals Production Tire Production Vinyl Acetate (108054) Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Mineral Wool Production MON Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Tire Production Utilities - Coal Utilities - Oil Vinyl Bromide (593602) MON [Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Vinyl Chloride (75014) Agricultural Chemicals Production Chlorine Production Hazardous Waste Incineration MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Sewage Sludge Incineration Tire Production Vinylidene Chloride (75354) Chlorine Production MON Municipal Landfills Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Pharmaceuticals Production Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Tire Production Utilities - Coal Xylenes (1330207) (includes o [95476), m [108383], and p [106423]) Aerospace Industries Agricultural Chemicals Production Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Boat Manufacturing Chlorine Production Clay Products Manufacturing Coke By-Product Plants Flat Wood Paneling (Surface Coating) Municipal Landfills Oil and Natural Gas Production Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed Pharmaceuticals Production Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) Polymers and Resins III Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired Portland Cement Manufacturing: Non-Hazardous Waste-fired 1-28 ------- Hazardous Air Pollutants and Their Associated MACT Source Categories (Continued) Friction Products Manufacturing Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) Industrial Boilers Institutional/Commercial Boilers Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Iron Foundries Large Appliance (Surface Coating) Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Marine Vessel Loading Operations Medical Waste Incinerators Metal Can (Surface Coating) Metal Coil (Surface Coating) Metal Furniture (Surface Coating) Mineral Wool Production Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (Surface Coating) MON Primary Aluminum Production Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I Secondary Lead Smelting Semiconductor Manufacturing Sewage Sludge Incineration Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary Turbines Steel Foundries Tire Production Utilities - Oil Vegetable Oil Production Wood Furniture (Surface Coating) 1-29 ------- APPENDIX J LIST OF MACT SOURCE CATEGORIES AND ASSOCIATED HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS [NOTE: These tables include only MACT source categories for which National-level HAP emission estimates have been developed under EPA's National Toxic Inventory Development Program; these do not include all HAP emissions from all MACT sources. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998. Baseline Emissions Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources. Prepared by the Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.] J-l ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants MACT SOURCE CATEGORY Acrylic Fibers/Modacrylic Fibers Production Acrylonitrile Aerospace Industries 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Ethylbenzene Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hexane Lead & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Nickel & Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Tetrach lo roethy le ne Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Agricultural Chemicals Production 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,3-Butadiene 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) 2,4-Dinitrophenol 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (including salts) 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate 4-Nitrophenol Acetonitrile Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Aniline Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Captan Carbaryl Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Cyanide Compounds Dichlorvos Diethanolamine Dimethyl Sulfate Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hydrazine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Methanol Methoxychlor Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Isocyanate Methyl Methacrylate Methylene Chloride Parathion Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) Pentachlorophenol Phenol Phosgene Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propoxur (Baygon) Propylene Dichloride Propylene Oxide Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chloramben Chlorine Lead & Compounds Lindane Maleic Anhydride Manganese & Compounds Trichloroethylene Trifluralin Vinyl Chloride Xvlenes (includes o. m. and p) Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing Asbestos Benzene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Cumene Dibutvl Phthalate Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Styrene Toluene Xvlenes (includes o. m. and p) Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Antimony & Compounds Asbestos Benzene Chromium & Compounds Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Auto and Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating) Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Lead & Compounds Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Baker's Yeast Manufacturing Acetaldehyde Boat Manufacturing 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Dimethyl Phthalate Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Methacrylate Methylene Chloride Styrene Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Carbon Black Production Benzene Biphenyl Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Carbonyl Sulfide Cyanide Compounds Ethylene Glycol Mercury & Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Cellophane Production Carbon Disulfide Toluene Cellulose Food Casing Manufacturing Carbon Disulfide Chlorine Production 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,2-Epoxybutane 1,3-Butadiene 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Acetaldehyde Acrolein Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Allyl Chloride Aniline Asbestos Benzene Benzotrichloride Benzyl Chloride Biphenyl Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Carbonyl Sulfide Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloroprene Chromium & Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Dichlorethyl Ether Diethanolamine Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Chloride Ethyl benzene Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hydrazine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Hydroquinone Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methylene Chloride Phenol Phosgene Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propionaldehyde Propylene Dichloride Propylene Oxide Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Chloride Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Chromic Acid Anodizing Chromium & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Chromium Refractories Production Chromium & Compounds Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Nickel & Compounds Phenol Toluene Clay Products Manufacturing 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate Acrylonitrile Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Beryllium & Compounds Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Dibutyl Phthalate Dimethyl Phthalate Ethyl benzene Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Isophorone Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methanol Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Iodide (lodomethane) Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Phosphorus Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Coke By-Product Plants 1,3-Butadiene 2,4-Dinitrophenol Antimony & Compounds Benzene Biphenyl Carbon Disulfide Carbonyl Sulfide Chlorine Cyanide Compounds Ethyl benzene Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methanol Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Quinoline Styrene Tetrach lo roethy le ne Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Chromium & Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Nickel & Compounds Coke Ovens: Charging, Top Side, and Door Leaks Benzene Coke Oven Emissions Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Benzene Carbon Disulfide Carbonyl Sulfide Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Toluene Commercial Sterilization Facilities Ethylene Oxide Crematories Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Formaldehyde Mercury & Compounds Nickel & Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Decorative Chromium Electroplating Chromium & Compounds Dry Cleaning Facilities Tetrach lo roethy le ne Ferroalloys Production Antimony & Compounds Chlorine Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cyanide Compounds Ethylene Glycol Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Nickel & Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Flat Wood Paneling (Surface Coating) Ethylene Glycol Glvcol Ethers Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutvl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Xvlenes (includes o. m. and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Flexible Polyurethane Foam Fabrication Operations Methylene Chloride Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Methylene Chloride Friction Products Manufacturing 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Carbon Disulfide Chromium & Compounds Dibutyl Phthalate Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Benzene Cumene Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dichloride Hexane Lead & Compounds Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Halogenated Solvent Cleaners Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methylene Chloride Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene Hard Chromium Electroplating Chromium & Compounds Hazardous Waste Incineration 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Chloroform Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Vinyl Chloride ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Benzene Carbon Tetrachloride Mercury & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Hydrogen Fluoride Production Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) oo Industrial Boilers 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2-Chloroacetophenone 4-Nitrophenol Acetaldehyde Acetophenone Acrolein Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Benzyl Chloride Beryllium & Compounds Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Bromoform Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cumene Cyanide Compounds Dimethyl Sulfate Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethyl Chloride Ethyl benzene Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Dichloride Formaldehyde Hexane Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Isophorone Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Methacrylate Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Methylene Chloride Methylhydrazine Nickel & Compounds Phenol Phosphorus Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propionaldehyde Selenium Compounds Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Vinyl Acetate Xvlenes (includes o. m. and p) Industrial Process Cooling Towers Chromium & Compounds Institutional/Commercial Boilers 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2-Chloroacetophenone 4-Nitrophenol Acetaldehyde Acetophenone Acrolein Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cumene Cyanide Compounds Dimethyl Sulfate Ethyl Chloride Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Methacrylate Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Methylene Chloride Methylhydrazine Nickel & Compounds Phenol ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Benzyl Chloride Beryllium & Compounds Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Bromoform Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Chlorine Chlorobenzene Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Dichloride Formaldehyde Hexane Isophorone Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propionaldehyde Selenium Compounds Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Vinyl Acetate Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Benzene Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethylene Glycol Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Nickel & Compounds Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Iron Foundries 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Cadmium & Compounds Chlorine Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cumene Diethanolamine Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Isocyanate Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Styrene Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Large Appliance (Surface Coating) Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations Chlorine Chromium & Compounds Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Methanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Lime Manufacturing Chromium & Compounds Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Phenol Magnetic Tape (Surface Coating) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutvl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Marine Vessel Loading Operations Benzene Hexane Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Medical Waste Incinerators 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethylene Dichloride Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Metal Can (Surface Coating) Ethylene Glycol Glvcol Ethers Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutvl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Xvlenes (includes o. m. and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Metal Coil (Surface Coating) Ethylene Glycol Glvcol Ethers Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutvl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Xvlenes (includes o. m. and p) Metal Furniture (Surface Coating) Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Mineral Wool Production 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Chromium & Compounds Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Phenol Styrene Toluene Vinyl Acetate Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (Surface Coating) Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) MON 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methylaziridine) 1,3-Butadiene 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate 2-Nitropropane 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidene 4,4'-Methylenedianiline 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (including salts) 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate 4-Nitrophenol Catechol Chlordane Chlorine ChloroaceticAcid Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloromethyl Methyl Ether Chloroprene Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Cyanide Compounds Dibutyl Phthalate Dichlorethyl Ether Dichlorvos Diethanolamine Diethyl Sulfate Dimethyl Phthalate Methanol Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Iodide (lodomethane) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Isocyanate Methyl Methacrylate Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Methylene Chloride Methylhydrazine N,N-Dimethylaniline Nickel & Compounds Nitrobenzene o-Anisidine p-Phenylenediamine Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) Phenol ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetonitrile Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Allyl Chloride Aniline Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Benzotrichloride Benzyl Chloride Beryllium & Compounds Biphenyl Bis(chloromethyl) Ether Cadmium & Compounds Calcium Cyanamide Captan Carbaryl Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Carbonyl Sulfide Dimethyl Sulfate Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Chloride Ethyl benzene Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hydrazine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Hydroquinone Lead & Compounds Maleic Anhydride Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Phosgene Phosphorus Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propionaldehyde Propylene Dichloride Propylene Oxide Quinoline Quinone (p-Benzoquinone) Selenium Compounds Styrene Styrene Oxide Tetrachloroethylene Titanium Tetrachloride Toluene Trichloroethylene Trifluralin Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Bromide Vinyl Chloride Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Municipal Landfills 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Acrylonitrile Benzene Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Carbonyl Sulfide Chlorobenzene Chloroform Ethyl Chloride Ethyl benzene Ethylene Dichloride Ethylidene Dichloride Hexane Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methylene Chloride Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propylene Dichloride Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Chloride Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Municipal Waste Combustors Acetaldehyde Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Nickel & Compounds Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Oil and Natural Gas Production 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Benzene Ethylbenzene Hexane Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Other Biological Incineration Acetaldehyde Cadmium & Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethylene Dichloride Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Paper and Other Webs (Surface Coating) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate Acetaldehyde Acetonitrile Acrylamide Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Aniline Antimony & Compounds Asbestos Benzene Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Cadmium & Compounds Catechol Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Cyanide Compounds Dibutyl Phthalate Diethanolamine Diethyl Sulfate Dimethyl Sulfate Ethyl Acrylate Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Hydroquinone Lead & Compounds Maleic Anhydride Manganese & Compounds Methanol Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Methacrylate Methylene Chloride N,N-Dimethylaniline Nickel & Compounds Phenol Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propylene Dichloride Propylene Oxide Selenium Compounds Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Chloride Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Petroleum Refineries Catalytic Cracking (Fluid and other) Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Plant Units Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Petroleum Refineries: Other Sources Not Distinctly Listed 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Benzene Biphenyl Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Ethylbenzene Hexane Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Styrene Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Pharmaceuticals Production 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,2-Epoxybutane 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methylaziridine) 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) Acetonitrile Acetophenone Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Allyl Chloride Aniline Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Benzyl Chloride Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine ChloroaceticAcid Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloromethyl Methyl Ether Cumene Cyanide Compounds Dichlorvos Diethanolamine Diethyl Sulfate Dimethyl Phthalate Dimethyl Sulfate Dimethylformamide Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Chloride Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hexane Hydrazine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Maleic Anhydride Manganese & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Iodide (lodomethane) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Methylene Chloride N,N-Dimethylaniline N-Nitrosodimethylamine Nickel & Compounds Nitrobenzene Phenol Phosgene Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propylene Oxide Quinoline Selenium Compounds Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Triethylamine Trifluralin Vinyl Acetate Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Phosphate Fertilizers Production Chlorine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Phosphorus Toluene Phosphoric Acid Manufacturing Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Plywood/Particle Board Manufacturing 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Acetaldehyde Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Chlorine Chromium & Compounds Dibutyl Phthalate Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Isocyanate Methyl Methacrylate Methylene Chloride Pentachlorophenol Phenol Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Polycarbonates Production Ethyl Chloride Methylene Chloride Polyether Polyols Production Ethylene Oxide Hexane Propylene Oxide Toluene Polymers & Resins (Excluding P&R III) 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1 -Dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Epoxybutane 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methylaziridine) 1,3-Butadiene 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) Chlorine Chloroacetic Acid Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloromethyl Methyl Ether Chloroprene Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Methanol Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Methacrylate Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Methylene Chloride ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Acetaldehyde Acetonitrile Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Allyl Chloride Aniline Antimony & Compounds Benzene Benzyl Chloride Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Bis(chloromethyl) Ether Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Carbonyl Sulfide Cumene Dibutyl Phthalate Diethanolamine Diethyl Sulfate Dimethyl Phthalate Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Chloride Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrazine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Hydroquinone Lead & Compounds Maleic Anhydride Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds N,N-Dimethylaniline Nickel & Compounds Nitrobenzene o-Toluidine p-Phenylenediamine Phenol Phosgene Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propionaldehyde Propoxur (Baygon) Propylene Dichloride Propylene Oxide Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Titanium Tetrachloride Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Bromide Vinyl Chloride Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Polymers and Resins III Formaldehyde Methanol Phenol Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Portland Cement Manufacturing: Hazardous Waste-fired 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 2-Nitropropane Acetonitrile Acrylonitrile Aniline Benzene Carbon Disulfide Chlorine Dibutyl Phthalate Diethanolamine Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Methacrylate Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Nitrobenzene Pentachlorophenol Phenol Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propylene Oxide Styrene ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Maleic Anhydride Mercury & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Portland Cement Manufacturing: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 2-Nitropropane Acetonitrile Acrylonitrile Aniline Benzene Carbon Disulfide Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Non-Hazardous Waste-fired Dibutyl Phthalate Diethanolamine Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Maleic Anhydride Mercury & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Methacrylate Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Nitrobenzene Pentachlorophenol Phenol Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propylene Oxide Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Primary Aluminum Production Carbonyl Sulfide Chlorine Chromium & Compounds Cumene Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Nickel & Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Cyanide Compounds Ethylene Glycol Manganese & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Primary Copper Smelting Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Chlorine Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Nickel & Compounds Selenium Compounds Styrene Primary Lead Smelting Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Cadmium & Compounds Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Nickel & Compounds oo Primary Magnesium Refining Chlorine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating) 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 2-Nitropropane 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Acrylic Acid Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Cadmium & Compounds Chlorine Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cumene Cyanide Compounds Dibutyl Phthalate Ethyl benzene Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Maleic Anhydride Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) Emissions Acrylonitrile Benzene Carbon Disulfide Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethvlene ------- Chloroform Ethylbenzene Glycol Ethers List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Methylene Chloride Styrene Pulp and Paper Production (combustion) MACT II Acetaldehyde Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Nickel & Compounds Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Selenium Compounds Styrene Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Pulp and Paper Production (non-combustion) MACT I 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Acetaldehyde Acetophenone Acrolein Benzene Benzotri chloride Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroform Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dichloride Formaldehyde Hexane Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Methanol Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methylene Chloride Phenol Propionaldehyde Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Rayon Production Biphenyl Carbon Disulfide Chlorine Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Methanol Scrap or Waste Tire Incineration Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Secondary Aluminum Production Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Nickel & Compounds to o Secondary Lead Smelting 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,3-Butadiene 1,3-Dichloropropene Acetaldehyde Acetophenone Acrolein Acrylonitrile Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cumene Dibutyl Phthalate Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethyl Carbamate (Urethane) Ethyl benzene Formaldehyde Hexane Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Iodide (lodomethane) Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propionaldehyde Styrene Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Semiconductor Manufacturing 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Antimony & Compounds Catechol Chlorine Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Hydroquinone Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methylene Chloride Phenol Tetrach lo roethy le ne Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Sewage Sludge Incineration 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Acetaldehyde Acetonitrile Acrylonitrile Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethylbenzene Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Phosphorus Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Beryllium & Compounds Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Ethylene Bichloride Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1 -Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Selenium Compounds Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) Glycol Ethers Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Spandex Production 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate Methylene Chloride Toluene Stationary Internal Combustion Engines l\j 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Formaldehyde Mercury & Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Stationary Turbines Acetaldehyde Benzene Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Formaldehyde Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Nickel & Compounds Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Steel Foundries 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2,4-Dinitrophenol 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Beryllium & Compounds Biphenyl Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Cyanide Compounds Diethanolamine Ethylbenzene Ethylene Glycol Formaldehyde Glycol Ethers Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Phosphorus Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Quinoline Selenium Compounds Stvrene ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Carbonyl Sulfide Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methanol Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Steel Pickling HCI Process Chlorine Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Taconite Iron Ore Processing Benzene Formaldehyde Lead & Compounds Toluene to to Tire Production 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 1,3-Butadiene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2-Chloroacetophenone 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidene 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (including salts) 4-Aminobiphenyl 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene 4-Nitrobiphenyl 4-Nitrophenol Acetaldehvde Benzotrichloride Benzyl Chloride Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Bromoform Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Carbonyl Sulfide Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloroprene Chromium & Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Dibutyl Phthalate Dichlorethyl Ether Dimethyl Phthalate Epichlorohydrin (l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) Ethyl Chloride Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Dichloride Ethvlidene Dichloride Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Methylene Chloride N,N-Dimethylaniline N-Nitrosodimethylamine N-Nitrosomorpholine Nickel & Compounds Nitrobenzene o-Anisidine o-Toluidine p-Phenylenediamine Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) Pentachlorophenol Phenol Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propylene Dichloride Propylene Oxide Styrene Tetrach lo roethy le ne Toluene ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Acetonitrile Acetophenone Acrolein Acrylonitrile Allyl Chloride Aniline Benzene Benzidine Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hexane Hydroquinone Isophorone Lead & Compounds Trichloroethylene Trifluralin Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Chloride Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Utilities - Coal 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,3-Dichloropropene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2-Chloroacetophenone Acetaldehyde Acetophenone Acrolein ,_! Antimony & Compounds K) Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Benzyl Chloride Beryllium & Compounds Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Bromoform Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Cresols (includes o,m,p) Cumene Dibutyl Phthalate Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethyl Chloride Ethylbenzene Ethylene Dichloride Formaldehyde Hexachlorobenzene Hexane Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Isophorone Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl Iodide (lodomethane) Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Methyl Methacrylate Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Methylene Chloride N-Nitrosodimethylamine Nickel & Compounds Pentachlorophenol Phenol Phosphorus Phthalic Anhydride Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Propionaldehyde Quinoline Selenium Compounds Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Acetate Vinylidene Chloride ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Utilities - Natural Gas Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Formaldehyde Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Nickel & Compounds Phosphorus Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Toluene Utilities - Oil Acetaldehyde Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Dioxin/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ Ethvlbenzene Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid) Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methylene Chloride Nickel & Compounds Phenol Phosphorus Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) Polycyclic Organic Matter as 16-PAH Selenium Compounds Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Vinyl Acetate Xvlenes (includes o. m. and p) to Utility Boilers - Coke Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Nickel & Compounds Utility Turbines Antimony & Compounds Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Benzene Beryllium & Compounds Cadmium & Compounds Chromium & Compounds Cobalt Compounds Formaldehyde Lead & Compounds Manganese & Compounds Mercury & Compounds Nickel & Compounds Phosphorus Selenium Compounds Vegetable Oil Production 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate 4-4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate Biphenyl Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride [gas only]) Maleic Anhydride Methanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Nickel & Compounds Toluene Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) ------- List of MACT Source Categories and Associated Hazardous Air Pollutants (Continued) Wood Furniture (Surface Coating) Glycol Ethers Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) Xylenes (includes o, m, and p) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) Toluene Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Arsenic & Compounds (inorganic including Arsine) Formaldehyde Methanol Chromium & Compounds Lead & Compounds Phenol to ------- APPENDIX K EPA LIST OF PRIORITY HAPS AND DATA REPORTING ELEMENTS K-l ------- APPENDIX K TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page List of HAPs Identified by EPA as Priority HAPs K-4 HAPs Inventory Data Reporting Elements K-6 Glossary K-8 K-2 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. K-3 ------- List of HAPs Identified by EPA as Priority HAPs HAP Acetaldehyde Acrolein Acryl amide Acrylonitrile Arsenic & compounds Benzene Benzyl chloride Beryllium & compounds bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1,3 -Butadiene Cadmium & compounds Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Chromium & compounds Coke oven emissions 1 ,2-Dibromoethane 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene(P) 1 ,2-Dichloropropane 1 , 3 -Di chl oropropene 1,4-Dioxane Ethyl acrylate Ethylene dichloride Ethyl ene oxide Ethylidene dichloride Formaldehyde Glycol ethers Hexachl orob enzene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hydrazine Hydrochloric acid Lead & compounds Maleic anhydride Manganese & compounds Mercury & compounds Methyl bromide Methyl chloride CAS# 75070 107028 79061 107131 71432 100447 117817 106990 56235 7782505 67663 106934 106467 78875 542756 123911 140885 107062 75218 75343 50000 118741 77474 302012 7647010 108316 74839 74873 K-4 ------- List of HAPs Identified by EPA as Priority HAPs (Continued) HAP Methyl ene chloride MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) Nickel & compounds 2-Nitropropane Phosgene POM(PAHs)** Quinoline 2,3,7,8-TCDF/2,3,7,8-TCDD* Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Tri chl oroethyl ene Vinyl chloride CAS# 75092 101688 79469 75445 91225 127184 108883 79016 75014 * Inventory as TEQ. ** Inventory as sum of 16 PAH and speciate. 16 PAH compounds include: Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benz(a)anthracene*** Benzo(a)pyrene*** Benzo(b)fluoranthene*** Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene*** Chrysene*** Dibenz(a,h)anthracene* * * Fluoranthene Fluorene Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene*** Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene *** These 7 PAHs are carcinogenic and are usually reported as the sum of 7 PAH. K-5 ------- HAP Inventory Data Reporting Elements Data Element Start date (Inventory year) State FIPS code County FIPS code Federal ID code (plant) Federal ID code (point) Federal ID code (process) Site name Physical address sec Heat content (fuel)(annual) Pollutant code Activity/throughput (annual) Work weekday emissions Summer/winter work weekday emissions Annual emissions Emission factor Winter throughput (%) Spring throughput (%) Summer throughput (%) Fall throughput (%) Hour per day in operation Start time (hour) Day per week in operation Week per year in operation Federal ID code (stack number) Major Sources Area Sources K-6 ------- HAP Inventory Data Reporting Elements (Continued) Data Element X coordinate (latitude) Y coordinate (longitude) Stack height Stack diameter Exit gas temperature Exit gas velocity Exit gas flow rate SIC code Boiler design capacity Maximum design rate Maximum nameplate capacity Primary control efficiency (%) Secondary control efficiency (%) Control device type Control efficiency Rule effectiveness (%) Rule penetration (%) Major Sources Area Sources K-7 ------- GLOSSARY Activity rate/throughput - A measurable factor or parameter that is directly or indirectly related to the emissions of an air pollution source. Area sources - Area sources collectively represent individual sources that have not been inventoried as specific point, mobile, or biogenic sources. These individual sources treated collectively as area sources are typically too small, numerous, or difficult to inventory using the methods for the other classes of sources. Annual emissions - Actual emissions for a plant, point, or process, either measured or calculated. Boiler design capacity - A measure of the size of a boiler, based on the reported maximum continuous steam flow. Capacity is calculated in units of MMBtu/hr. Control device type - The name of the type of control device (e.g., wet scrubber, flaring, or process change). Control efficiency - The emission reduction efficiency of a primary control device, which shows the amount of reduction of a particular pollutant from a process' emissions due to controls or material change. Control efficiency is usually expressed as a percentage or in tenths. County/parish/reservation (FIPS) - Federal Information Placement System (FIPS). FIPS is the system of unique numeric codes developed by the government to identify states, counties, towns, and townships for the entire United States, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Day/wk in operations - Days per week that the emitting process operates. Emission factor - Ratio relating emissions of a specific pollutant to an activity or material throughput level. Exit gas flow rate - Numeric value of stack gas flow rate. Exit gas temperature - Numeric value of an exit gas stream temperature. Exit gas velocity - Numeric value of an exit gas stream velocity. Fall throughput(%) - Portion of throughput for the three Fall months (September, October, November). Federal ID code (plant) - Unique codes for a plant or facility, containing one or more pollutant-emitting sources. K-8 ------- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) Federal ID code (point) - Unique codes for the point of generation of emissions, typically a physical piece of equipment. Federal ID code (stack number) - Unique codes for the point where emissions from one or more processes are released into the atmosphere. Heat content - The thermal heat energy content of a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel. Fuel heat content is typically expressed in units of Btu/lb of fuel, Btu/gal of fuel, joules/kg of fuel, etc. Hr/day in operations - Hours per day that the emitting process operates. Maximum design rate - Maximum fuel use rate based on the equipment's or process' physical size or operational capabilities. Maximum nameplate capacity - A measure of the size of a generator, and is put on the unit's nameplate by the manufacturer. The data element is reported in MW or KW. Physical address - Street address of facility. Point source - Point sources are large, stationary, identifiable sources of emissions that release pollutants into the atmosphere. A facility is defined as a point source by state or local air regulatory agencies when it annually emits more than a specified amount of a given pollutant; these "cut off" level definitions vary between state and local agencies. Pollutant code - A unique code for each reported pollutant that has been assigned in the EIIP Data Model. Character names are used for criteria pollutants, while Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers are used for all other pollutants. Some states may be using SARD AD codes for pollutants, but these should be able to be mapped to the EIIP Data Model pollutant codes. Rule effectiveness - The measure of a regulatory program to achieve all of the emission reductions possible, which reflects the assumption that controls are typically not 100 percent effective, because of equipment downtime, upsets, decreases in control efficiencies, and other deficiencies in emission estimates. RE is used to adjust the control efficiency. Rule penetration - The percentage of an area source category that is covered by an applicable regulation. SCC - Source category code. A process-level code that describes the equipment or operation emitting pollutants. Source of activity rate/throughput data - Source of data from which activity rate/throughput was obtained. K-9 ------- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) Secondary control eff(%) - The emission reduction efficiency of a secondary control device, which shows the amount of reduction of a particular pollutant from a process' emissions due to controls or material change. Control efficiency is usually expressed as a percentage or in tenths. SIC - Standard Industrial Classification code. U.S. Department of Commerce's categorization of businesses by their products or services. Site name - The name of the facility. Spring throughput(%) - Portion of throughput or activity for the three spring months (March, April, May). See the definition of Fall Throughput. Stack diameter - Stack physical diameter. Stack height - Stack physical height above the surrounding terrain. Start date (inventory year) - The calendar year that the emissions estimates were calculated for and are applicable to. State/providence/territory (FIPS) - Federal Information Placement System (FIPS). FIPS is the system of unique numeric codes developed by the government to identify states, counties, towns, and townships for the entire United States, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Summer throughput(%) - Portion of throughput or activity for the three summer months (June, July, August). See the definition of Fall Throughput. Winter throughput (%) - Portion of throughput or activity for the three winter months (December, January, February). See the definition of Fall Throughput. Wk/yr in operation - Weeks per year that the emitting process operates. Work Weekday - Any day of the week except Saturday or Sunday. X coordinate (latitude) - East-west geographic coordinate of an object. r coordinate (longitude) - North-south geographic coordinate of an object. K-10 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. K-ll ------- APPENDIX L EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS L-l ------- APPENDIX L TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Introduction L-4 Example Calculation: Industrial Surface Coating (Material Balance) L-6 Example Calculation: Boilers (Stack Test Information; Emission Factors; Material Balance) L-9 Example Calculation: Architectural Surface Coating (Material Balance) L-14 Example Calculation: Wastewater Collection and Treatment (Computer Model) L-19 L-2 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. L-3 ------- INTRODUCTION This appendix provides example calculations to show how emission estimation methods are used to develop an inventory. There are four basic approaches or methods that can be used to develop emissions estimates and inventories. These methods are: Mass balance; Emission factor; Stack test information; and Computer models. Each example calculation shows how the method may be used for a specific emissions source category; it is intended that the reader use the information to apply the methods to other applicable source categories. The general format for each example calculation is as follows: Source category description; Emissions estimation method(s); and, Example calculation that shows how the method is used to develop an emissions estimate. For the computer model method, descriptions of several available models are provided rather than example calculations. The emissions estimation methods described in this appendix are applicable to area sources and major (point) sources. The descriptions are summaries of the methods presented in the EIIP documents, (Volume II: Point Sources and Volume IE: Area Sources). These documents describe emissions sources and, for each emission source, the available "preferred" and "alternative" methods for estimating emissions. In general, the preferred method is the most accurate and precise of the available estimation methodologies. Alternative methods are identified in the event it is not feasible for the agency performing the inventory to use the preferred approach. The inventory preparer should decide which method to use based on staffing, resource availability, and the time allowed for inventory development. Inventory preparers are urged to review the EIIP documents to get more detailed information about the methods described here and to become aware of the other available methods. Because the activity data required for the mass balance, emission factor, and computer model approaches are sometimes collected by surveys, inventory preparers are urged to review the EIIP documents for guidance on conducting surveys and on data management procedures. L-4 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. L-5 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: INDUSTRIAL SURFACE COATING (MATERIAL BALANCE) L-6 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: INDUSTRIAL SURFACE COATING SOURCE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION Surface coating operations are an integral part of the manufacturing phase for a variety of materials and products. Major types of surface coating activities include but are not limited to aircraft manufacturing, appliances, automobiles and light-duty trucks, flat wood product manufacturing, construction machinery, magnet wire, metal cans, metal coil, and metal and wood furniture There are many different types of coatings that are used in the surface coating industry such as paints, varnishes, printing inks, polishes, sealers, etc. Typically, coatings provide protection or decoration to a substrate or surface. In a typical coating sequence, three types of coatings are used: a primer, an intermediate coat, and a topcoat. The majority of emissions that occur during surface coating are due to evaporation of the solvents contained in the coatings. The most common solvents are organic compounds such as ketones, esters, aromatics, and alcohols. To obtain or maintain certain application characteristics, solvents are also added to coatings immediately before use. Other ingredients of the coatings, such as metals and particulates, may also be emitted during coating operations. Surface coating may be performed in a spray booth or in an open environment. Some previously open surface coating operations have been enclosed and the exhaust vented through a stack. Surface coatings may be applied manually or with automatic devices such as spray guns. EMISSION ESTIMATION METHOD Material balance utilizes the raw material usage rate to estimate the amount of pollutant emitted. Other information relating to material usage, such as fraction of the pollutant in the raw material and the amount of material recycled, disposed, or converted to another form, is also included in a material balance calculation. The material balance emission rate is calculated by multiplying the raw material used times the amount of pollutant in the coating, and subtracting the amount of pollutant recycled, disposed, or converted to another form. Emissions are calculated using the following equation: Ex = (Qm-Qout)*cx Where: Ex = Total emissions of pollutant x Qin = Quantity of material entering the process Qout= Quantity of material leaving the process as waste, recovered, or in product Cx = Concentration of pollutant x in the material applied L-7 ------- Example 1: The following calculations show how Chromium VI (Cr VI) emissions from an industrial surface coating process are estimated. Given: Coating usage = 500 gal/year Cr(VI) concentration as shown on coating material MSDS = 0.08% by weight Coating material density from MSDS sheet = 8 Ib/gal Transfer efficiency of spray gun = 40% Control efficiency of control device = 80% Mass of Cr(VI) entering spray booth = Coating usage * coating density * Cr(VI) concentration Thus, Mass of Cr(VI) entering spray booth = 500 gal/yr * 8 Ib/gal * 0.0008 Ib Cr(VI)/lb coating = 3.2 Ib/year of Cr(VI) Mass of Cr(VI) transferred to final product through spraying = Mass of Cr(VI) entering spray booth * transfer efficiency of spraying equiment Thus, Mass of Cr(VI) transferred to final product through spraying = 3.21b/yr*40%=1.281b/yr Mass of Cr(VI) emitted = Mass of Cr(VI) entering spray booth - Mass of Cr(VI) transferred to final product through spraying Thus, Mass of Cr(VI) emitted = 3.2 Ib/yr - 1.28 Ib/yr = 1.92 Ib/yr Mass of Cr(VI) captured by control device = Mass of Cr(VI) emitted * control efficiency Thus, Mass of Cr(VI) captured by control device = 1.92 * 0.8 = 1.54 Ib/yr Mass of Cr(VI) emitted to the atmosphere = Mass of Cr(VI) entering spray booth - mass of Cr(VI) transferred to final product through spraying - mass of Cr(VI) captured by control device Thus, Mass of Cr(VI) emitted to the atmosphere = 3.2 Ib/yr - 1.28 Ib/yr - 1.54 Ib/yr = 0.38 Ib/yr. L-8 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: BOILERS (STACK TEST INFORMATION; EMISSION FACTORS; MATERIAL BALANCE) L-9 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: BOILERS SOURCE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION The boiler source category comprises sources that combust fuels to produce hot water and/or steam. Utility boilers utilize steam to generate electricity. Industrial boilers often generate steam for electrical power as well as process steam. Space heaters use the hot water for heating commercial and residential building space. Fuels typically used in boilers include coal, oil, and natural gas. In addition, liquified petroleum gas (LPG), process and waste gases, and wood wastes may be used. In general, boilers are categorized as follows: Types of Boilers Utility Industrial Commercial Residential Size >100MMBtu/hr 10-250MMBtu/hr <10MMBtu/hr ซ10MMBtu/hr Auxiliary sources associated with boilers include fuel storage piles, fuel storage tanks, materials handling, and other sources of fugitive emissions. These sources are often overlooked and not reported as a part of the emission inventory. However, it is essential that these sources be considered in the emission inventory to develop a complete record of the emissions coming from the facility. Combustion products from boiler operation can include partially oxidized hydrocarbons, acids such as hydrochloric acid, and organohalides such as dioxins and furans. The generation of undesirable combustion products is strongly influenced by fuel type, furnace type, firing configuration, and boiler operating conditions. EMISSIONS ESTIMATION METHODS The preferred methods for estimating emissions of most pollutants emitted from boilers are the use of site-specific stack test information and the use of emission factors. In addition, a mass balance approach based on fuel analysis is a preferred method for estimating emissions of metals. Emissions Calculations Using Stack Sampling Data Stack sampling test reports often provide emissions in terms of Ib/hr. Annual emissions may be calculated from these data using Equation 1 and as shown in Example 2. Stack tests performed under a proposed permit condition or a maximum emissions rate may not accurately reflect the emissions that would result under normal operating conditions. Therefore, when using stack sampling test data to estimate emissions, tests should be conducted under "normal" operating conditions. L-10 ------- Etnvx = Ex * OpHrs/yr * ton "tpy.x 2000 Ib (Equation 1) where: E EX"'" OpHrs/yr Actual annual emissions in ton/yr of pollutant x Emissions of pollutant x in Ib/hr Operating hours per year Example 2 This example shows how annual lead emissions can be calculated using Equation 1. The results of three stack sampling test runs show that the average concentration of lead in the stack gas is 0.0005 pounds per dry standard cubic feet (Ib/dscf) and the average stack gas volumetric flow rate is 51,700 dry standard cubic feet per minute (dscf/m). The lead emission rate is calculated as follows: Lead emission rate = lead concentration * stack gas flow rate 0.0005 Ib/dscf * 51,700 dscf/m * 60 m/hr l,5511b/hr Emissions in tpy are based on 5,840 hr/yr operation and a lead emission rate of 1,551 Ib/hr: Etpy pb = Epb * OpHrs/yr * ton/2000 Ib 1,551 * (5,840/2,000) 4,529 tpy Emissions Calculations Using Emission Factors Emission factors are often used to estimate emissions from boilers. Annual emissions may be calculated from an emission factor and activity data using Equation 2 and as shown in Example 3. E = ^ * H. ton m'ann 2000 Ib (Equation 2) L-ll ------- where: Et x = Actual annual emissions of pollutant x in ton/yr = Emission factor in Ib/MMBtu of pollutant x ann = Annual heat input rate in MMBtu/yr Example 3 Lead emissions estimate in tons per year (tpy), based on 4.84 * 10 MMBtu/yr of heat input and an emission factor of 1.9 Ib/MMBtu: EtPy,Pb = EFPb*Hmjann ton/2,000 Ib 19 * 484 ' ' 4,598 tpy 1.9*4.84* 106/2,000 Emission Calculations Using Mass Balance A mass balance approach based on fuel analysis can be used to estimate emissions. The presence of certain elements in fuels may be used to predict their presence in emission streams. This includes toxic elements such as metals found in coal. The basic equation used in fuel analysis emission calculations is: where: Ex = Qf * Cx (Equation 3) Ex = Annual emissions of pollutant x, Ib/yr Qf = Annual fuel usage, Ib/yr Cx = Weight percent of pollutant x in the fuel For example, chromium emissions from oil combustion can be calculated based on the concentration of chromium in the oil. This approach assumes all of the chromium in the fuel is emitted as a pollutant. The application of this emission estimation technique is shown in Example 4. L-12 ------- Example 4 This example shows how chromium emissions can be calculated from oil combustion based on fuel analysis results and fuel flow information. Ecr is calculated using Equation 3. Qf = 46,000 Ib/yr Percent chromium in fuel = 0.004 46,000 * 0.004% 1.841b/hr L-13 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATING (MATERIAL BALANCE) L-14 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATING SOURCE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION Architectural surface coating operations consist of applying a thin layer of coating such as paint, paint primer, varnish, or lacquer to architectural surfaces, and the use of solvents as thinners and for cleanup. Architectural surface coatings protect the substrates to which they are applied from corrosion, abrasion, decay, ultraviolet light damage, and/or the penetration of water. Some architectural coatings also increase the aesthetic value of a structure by changing the color or texture of its surface. Architectural coatings are also important in construction of structures. Examples of the latter are concrete form release compounds, which prevent concrete from sticking to forms, and concrete curing compounds, which allow concrete to cure properly. A wide range of coatings are used to cover both the interior and exterior surfaces of architectural structures. The majority of architectural surface coatings are applied by homeowners and painting/surface coating contractors to domestic, industrial, institutional, and governmental structures throughout a geographic area. Because the coated architectural surface dries or cures in the ambient air, the use of exterior architectural coatings may be limited to periods when local climatic conditions facilitate acceptable coating curing. Although interior coating applications are less influenced by outdoor conditions, complete curing of these coatings also can be hampered by cool, moist weather (i.e., when evaporation rates are reduced). VOCs that are used as solvents in the coatings are emitted during application of the coating and as the coating dries. The amount of coating used and the VOC content of the coating are the factors that primarily determine emissions from architectural surface coating operations. Secondary sources of VOC emissions are from the solvents used to clean the architectural coating application equipment and VOC released as reaction byproducts while the coating drys and hardens. VOC emitted from this chemical reaction is determined by the resins used in a particular coating. The VOC emitted from any of these sources could include HAPs. Structural maintenance practices indirectly influence VOC emissions by controlling the total coating consumption on a long-term basis. Regular inspection and maintenance programs can be used to reduce the need for entire surface recoating. The preferred method for calculating emission estimates from architectural surface coating is a mass balance approach based on information collected by a survey of coating manufacturers in the region, or distributors in the area. A specific discussion of surveys for area sources is provided in Volume in of the EIIP series. A general approach for a survey of suppliers or There are many solvents that may be used in architectural surface coating operations. Some compounds may be considered nonreactive and should not be counted in an ozone (VOC) inventory, but would need to be quantified for air modeling, or HAP inventory. L-15 ------- manufacturers of architectural coatings uses five steps: (1) survey planning, (2) survey preparation, (3) survey distribution, (4) survey compilation and scaling, and (5) emission estimation. Emission estimation calculations involve the calculation of emissions of individual pollutants, and then the application of any necessary spatial or temporal adjustments. Because the application of architectural surface coating is generally defined as an area source, there should not be a need to subtract point source emission estimates from the total. However, there may be cases when emission estimates from this category may be estimated as one of many processes occurring at a point source for the purposes of permitting and emission tradeoffs. These emissions must be identified and then subtracted from the area source estimates. The equation below can be used to estimate the total amount of pollutant (P) emitted in the inventory area from architectural surface coating operations. c s ASF - Vs Vs TAT Sr F ASฑip - ^ ^ 1AU SU tp c=l s=l where: ASEp = Total emissions of pollutant (P) from architectural surface coating operations, for all coatings (C) with all solvents (S) TACSC = Total architectural surface coating consumed in the inventory area for each coating (c) with each solvent (s) containing pollutant (P) SCetS = Amount of solvent (s) in each coating (c) Fps = Fraction of pollutant (P) in each solvent (s) Spatial allocation to individual counties or other inventory area units can be done using building square footage in the inventory area, land usage data, or population. Temporal allocation may be necessary if the inventory requires seasonal or daily emission estimates. Example 5 shows how formaldehyde emissions may be calculated for architectural surface coating. L-16 ------- Example 5: This example shows how formaldehyde emissions from architectural surface coating can be calculated. Formaldehyde is reported in a survey of distributors in various weight percents for some formulations of primers, varnishes and waterproofing sealers. Reported weight percents for these coating types, and the amount delivered to the inventory area, in pounds, are presented below. Coating Type Primers Varnishes Waterproofing Sealers Formaldehyde Weight % 1.60 17.50 0.55 7.50 0.55 0.65 0.55 Amount of Coating Distributed (Ib) 304.50 47.85 52.20 5.22 845.50 1330.00 8.96 Formaldehyde emissions are calculated for varnishes as follows: [ 842.5 Ib * 0.55% ] + [ 1330 Ib * 0.65% ] Emissions from = Varnishes 4.65 + 8.645 13.295 Ib Formaldehyde Emissions are calculated for waterproofing and primers in the same manner, and all emission estimates are summed for the total formaldehyde estimate. L-17 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. L-18 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT (COMPUTER MODEL) L-19 ------- EXAMPLE CALCULATION: WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT SOURCE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION Wastewater streams are collected and treated in a variety of ways. Many of these collection and treatment system units are open to the atmosphere and allow organic-containing wastewaters to contact ambient air. Whenever this happens, there is a potential for VOC emissions. Many of the individual VOCs are also HAPs. The organic pollutants volatilize in an attempt to exert their equilibrium partial pressure above the wastewater. In doing so, the organics are emitted to the ambient air surrounding the collection and treatment units. The magnitude of VOC emissions depends greatly on many factors such as the physical properties of the pollutants, pollutant concentration, flow rate, the temperature of the wastewater, and the design of the individual collection and treatment units. All of these factors, as well as the general scheme used to collect and treat facility wastewater, have a major effect on VOC emissions. Collection and treatment schemes are facility specific. The flow rate and organic composition of wastewater streams at a particular facility are functions of the processes used. The wastewater flow rate and composition, in turn, influence the sizes and types of collection and treatment units that must be employed at a given facility. EMISSIONS ESTIMATION METHOD The preferred method for estimating emissions from wastewater collection and treatment (WWCT) systems is the use of computer-based emissions models. There are numerous emissions estimation models available to calculate emissions from WWCT. Differences in the models include applicability to the types of collection and treatment systems, the level of site- specific data accepted, the level of default data provided, and whether or not the models account for the full spectrum of pollutant pathways (volatilization, biodegradation, and sorption). Models may also contain different default data (e.g., Henry's Law constants, biodegradation rate constants). Many of these models allow for user input of data. The use of site-specific data is always preferred over the use of default data. Typically, the types of data needed are the chemical and physical properties of the wastewater stream, as well as collection and treatment device parameters. At a minimum, wastewater stream characteristics (HAP constituents) are needed at the inlet to the treatment plant or collection device. However, if data are available for various points within the treatment plant, a more accurate emissions estimate may be obtained. In order to obtain a reliable emissions estimate using a software model, the modeler needs to understand both the configuration and wastewater stream characteristics of the collection and/or treatment units, as well as the emissions estimation algorithm used by the model. Not all models can handle all collection/treatment devices and results are likely to vary between models. A more accurate emissions estimate will result if the user has confidence in the input data and understands the emission estimation approach used by the model. L-20 ------- NOTE: A brief summary of some currently available models is provided below. Work is ongoing to improve some of the current models and to develop new ones. The reader should consult with their state regulatory agency for guidance on the selection and use of an appropriate model. WATER8/CHEMDAT8 (Treatment and Collection) WATERS is a publicly available computer program model developed by EPA that models the fate of organic compounds in various wastewater treatment units, including collection systems, aerated basins, and other units. WATERS contains useful features such as the ability to link treatment units to form a treatment system, the ability for recycle among units, and the ability to generate and save site-specific compound properties. WATERS has a database with compound-specific data for over 950 chemicals. The WATERS model is publicly available on the CHIEF bulletin board system. Many of the emissions models contained in WATERS are also presented in spreadsheet form in CHEMDAT8. CINCI (EPA - Cincinnati Model) - Integrated Model for Predicting the Fate ofOrganics in Wastewater Treatment Plants (Treatment Only) This model was developed with support from the EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. The physical properties database of the model includes 196 chemicals and metals, Henry's Law constants, sorption coefficients, biodegradation rate constants, and diffusivities. Removal mechanisms included are stripping/volatilization, stripping, surface volatilization, sorption, and biodegradation. Unit operations included are primary treatment followed by secondary treatment with sludge recycle, secondary treatment with sludge recycle, and secondary treatment without sludge recycle. The model is written in FORTRAN and has three built-in default cases. CINCI is available at no charge through the EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. L-21 ------- APPENDIX M SOURCE TEST METHODS FOR AIR TOXICS M-l ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics CAS Number 75070 60355 75058 98862 53963 107028 79061 79107 107131 107051 92671 62533 90040 1332214 71432 92875 98077 100447 92524 117817 542881 75252 106990 156627 105602 133062 Chemical Name Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetonitrile Acetophenone 2-Acetylaminofluorene Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Allyl chloride 4-Aminobiphenyl Aniline o-Anisidine Asbestos Benzene Benzidine Benzotrichloride Benzyl chloride Biphenyl Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Bis(chloromethyl)ether Bromoform 1,3 -Butadiene Primary EPA Methods* Sampling Draft 00 11 0010 18 0010 0010 Draft 00 11 0010 0010 0030 0030 0010 0010 0010 CARB427 0030 0010 0010 0010 0010 18 0010 18 Analytical Methods* Draft 83 15 8270 18 8270 8270 Draft 83 15 8270 8270 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 8270 CARB427 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 8270 8270 18 8270 18 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO-5, TO-11 TO-13 TO-14 TO-5, TO-13 TO-13 TO-5, TO-11 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 CARB 427, NIOSH 7400 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-13 TO-1, TO-13 TO-1, TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 Calcium cyanamide Caprolactam Captan 0010 0010 8270/632 8270 TO-13 TO-4, TO-10 M-2 ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics (Continued) CAS Number 63252 75150 56235 463581 120809 133904 57749 7782505 79118 532274 108907 510156 67663 107302 126998 1319773 95487 108394 106445 98828 94757 3547044 334883 132649 96128 84742 Chemical Name Carbaryl Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Carbonyl sulfide Catechol Chloramben Chlordane Chlorine Chloroacetic acid 2-Chloroacetophenone Chlorobenzene Chlorobenzilate Chloroform Chloromethyl methyl ether Chloroprene Cresylic acid o-Cresol m-Cresol p-Cresol Cumene 2,4-D, salts and esters DDE Diazomethane Dibenzofurans 1 ,2-Dibromo-3 -chloropropane Dibutylphthalate Primary EPA Methods* Sampling 0010 0030 0030 15 0010 0010 0010 0050,0051 0010 0010 0010, 0030 0010 0030 0030 0030 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 23 0010 0010 Analytical Methods* 8318 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 15 8270 515/615 8270 9057 8270 8270 8270, 5040, Draft 5041 8270 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 515/615 8270 23 8270 8270 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO-13 TO-1 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-4, TO-10 OSHAID-101 TO-13 TO-5, TO-11, TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-8, TO-13 TO-8, TO-13 TO-8, TO-13 TO-8, TO-13 TO-1, TO-13, TO-14 TO-10 TO-4, TO-10 NIOSH2515 TO-9 TO-13 TO-13 M-3 ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics (Continued) CAS Number 106467 91941 111444 542756 62737 111422 121697 64675 119904 60117 119937 79447 68122 57147 131113 77781 534521 51285 121142 123911 122667 106898 106887 140885 100414 Chemical Name 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene(p) 3 , 3 -Dichlorobenzidene Dichloroethyl ether 1 , 3 -Dichloropropene Dichlorvos Diethanolamine N,N-Diethyl aniline (N,N-Dimethylaniline) Diethyl sulfate 3 , 3 -Dimethoxybenzidine Dimethyl aminoazobenzene 3, 3 '-Dimethyl benzidine Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride Dimethyl formamide 1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl sulfate 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) 1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine Epichlorohydrin ( 1 ,Chloro-2,3 -epoxypropane) 1,2-Epoxybutane Ethyl acrylate Ethyl benzene Primary EPA Methods* Sampling 0010 0010 0010 0030 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0030 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0030 0030 0010 Analytical Methods* 8270 8270 8270 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 531 8270 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 8270,515/615 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8270 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO-1, TO-13, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 M-4 ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics (Continued) CAS Number 51796 75003 106934 107062 107211 151564 75218 96457 75343 50000 76448 118741 87683 77474 67721 822060 680319 110543 302012 7647010 7664393 123319 78591 58899 108316 67561 Chemical Name Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) Ethyl chloride (Chloroethane) Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane) Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) Ethylene glycol Ethylene imine (Aziridine) Ethylene oxide Ethylene thiourea Ethylidene dichloride (1,1 -Dichloroethane) Formaldehyde Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hexamethylene- 1 ,6-diisocyanate Hexamethylphosphoramide Hexane Hydrazine Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid) Hydroquinone Isophorone Lindane (all isomers) Maleic anhydride Methanol Primary EPA Methods* Sampling 0010 0030 0010 0030 0010 0030 18, CARB431 0010 0030 Draft 00 11 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0030 18 0050,0051 13AorB 0010 0010 0010 0010 18 Analytical Methods* 8270 5040, Draft 5041 8270 5040, Draft 5041 8270 5040, Draft 5041 18, CARB431 632 5040, Draft 5041 Draft 83 15 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 632 5040, Draft 5041 18 9057 13AorB 8270 8270 8270 8270 18 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO- 13 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-13, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-14 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-5, TO-11 TO-4, TO-10 TO-13 TO-1, TO-13, TO-14 TO-13 TO-1, TO-13, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 18 18,26 14, 18 TO-13 TO-5, TO-11, TO-13 TO-4, TO-10 TO-13 TO-14 M-5 ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics (Continued) CAS Number 72435 74839 74873 71556 78933 60344 74884 108101 624839 80626 1634044 101144 75092 101688 101779 91203 98953 92933 100027 79469 684935 62759 59892 56382 82688 87865 Chemical Name Methoxychlor Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone) Methyl hydrazine Methyl iodide (lodomethane) Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) Methyl isocyanate Methyl methacrylate Methyl tert butyl ether 4,4-Methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline Naphthalene Nitrobenzene 4-Nitrobiphenyl 4-Nitrophenol 2-Nitropropane N-Nitroso-N-methylurea N-Nitrosodimethylamine N-Nitrosomorpholine Parathion Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintobenzene) Pentachlorophenol Primary EPA Methods* Sampling 0010 0030 0030 0030 Draft 00 11 0030 0030 Draft 00 11 0030 0030 0010 0010 0030 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 Analytical Methods* 8270 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8315 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 Draft 83 15 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 5040,Draft5041 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 8270 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO-4, TO-10, TO-13 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-5, TO-11, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-5, TO-11, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-5, TO-11, TO-14 TO-13 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-1, TO-13, TO-14 TO-13 TO-1, TO-7, TO-13 TO-7, TO-13 TO-4, TO-10 TO-13 TO-13 M-6 ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics (Continued) CAS Number 108952 106503 75445 7803512 7723140 85449 1336363 1120714 57578 123386 114261 78875 75569 75558 91225 106514 100425 96093 1746016 79345 127184 7550450 108883 95807 584849 95534 Chemical Name Phenol p-Phenylenediamine Phosgene Phosphine Phosphorus Phthalic anhydride Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) 1,3 -Propane sultone beta-Propiolactone Propionaldehyde Propoxur (Baygon) Propylene dichloride ( 1 ,2-Dichloropropane) Propylene oxide 1 ,2-Propylenimine(2 -Methyl aziridine) Quinoline Quinone Styrene Styrene oxide 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Titanium tetrachloride Toluene 2,4-Toluene diamine 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate o-Toluidine Primary EPA Methods* Sampling 0010 0010 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 0010 0010 0010 0010 Draft 00 11 0010 0030 0030 0030 0010 Draft 00 11 0010 0010 23 0010 0030 Draft 00 12 0030, 0010 0010 0010 0010 Analytical Methods* 8270 8270 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 8270 680 8270 8270 Draft 83 15 8318 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8270 Draft 83 15 8270 8270 23 8270 5040, Draft 5041 Draft 00 12 5040, Draft 5041, 8270 8270 8270 8270 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO-13 TO- 13 TO-6 Draft 0012, 18 Draft 00 12 TO-13 TO- 13 with 680 or 8080 TO-13 TO-13 TO-5, TO-11 TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-5, TO-11 TO-1, TO-14 TO-13 TO-9 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 Draft 0012, 13AorB TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 M-7 ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics (Continued) CAS Number 8001352 120821 79005 79016 95954 88062 121448 1582098 540841 108054 593602 75014 75354 1330207 95476 108383 106423 Chemical Name Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene) 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Triethylamine Trifluralin 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Vinyl acetate Vinyl bromide Vinyl chloride Vinylidene chloride (1,1 -Dichloroethylene) Xylenes (isomers and mixture) o-Xylenes m-Xylenes p-Xylenes Antimony Compounds Arsenic Compounds (inorganic including arsine) Beryllium Compounds Cadmium Compounds Chromium Compounds Cobalt Compounds Coke Oven Emissions Cyanide Compounds Primary EPA Methods* Sampling 0010 0010 0030 0030 0010 0010 0030 0010 0030 0030 0030 0030 0030 0010 0010 0010 0010 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 0010 (modified) 6 Analytical Methods* 8270 8270 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 5040, Draft 5041 8270 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 5040, Draft 5041 8270 8270 8270 8270 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 8310 NIOSH 7904 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO-4, TO-10 TO-1, TO-13 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-13 TO-13 TO-13 TO-4, TO-10 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-2, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 TO-1, TO-14 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 0012 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 109 (Visible Emissions) NIOSH 7904/90 10,90 12 M-8 ------- Source Test Methods For Air Toxics (Continued) CAS Number Chemical Name Glycol ethers Lead Compounds Manganese Compounds Mercury Compounds Fine Mineral Fibers Nickel Compounds Polycyclic Organic Matter Radionuclides (including radon) Selenium Compounds Primary EPA Methods* Sampling 0010 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 CARB427 Draft 00 12 CARB429 114 Draft 0012 Analytical Methods* 8270 Draft 0012 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 CARB427 Draft 00 12 CARB429 114 Draft 00 12 Applicable Sampling Method* Stationary Source Analysis Non-Point Emissions TO-13 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 Draft 00 12 CARB427 Draft 00 12 TO-13 0020/EPA Docket No.A-79-1 1 Draft 00 12 NOTE: For all listings above which contain the word "compounds" and for gylcol ethers, the following applies: Unless otherwise specified, these listings are defined as including any unique chemical substance that contains the named chemical (i.e., antimony, arsenic, etc.) as part of that chemical's infrastructure METHODS REFERENCE: TO-XX NIOSH-X xxxx XXX CARB-XXX OSHA Reference "Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air," EPA-600/4-89-017 (Supplements: 600/4-87-006, 600/4-87-013) Reference "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Part 1: NIOSH Monitoring Methods, Volume 1,"U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio, Revised 1985. Reference "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste," Third Edition, Report No. SW-846, US EPA, OSWER, Washington, DC, 1986. EPA reference methods can be found in various publications including: CFR 40 Part 60 Appendix A; CFR 40 Part 60 Appendix B; "Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources," US EPA 340/1-77-015; 56 FR 5758, other EPA-EMSL Reports. "Stationary Source Test Methods, Volume III: Methods for Determining Emissions of Toxic Air Contaminants from Stationary Sources," State of California Air Resources Board, Monitoring and Laboratory Div., Sacramento, CA, 1989. OSHA Method ID-101 used to determine chlorine in workplace atmospheres. Data extracted from EPA publication EPA-450/4-91-021, "Screening Methods for the Development of Air Toxics Emission Factors." September, 1991. M-9 ------- APPENDIX N LIST OF EMISSION FACTOR RESOURCES N-l ------- APPENDIX N TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model (LAEEM) N-4 TANKS N-4 WATERS N-4 CHEMDAT8 N-5 CINCI N-5 Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of (Source Category) or (Substance) Documents N-6 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) N-6 Factor Information Retrieval System (FIRE) N-6 Air Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emission Factors (Air CHIEF) CD-ROM N-7 Unified Air Toxics Web site (UATW) N-7 N-2 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. N-3 ------- LIST OF EMISSION FACTOR RESOURCES Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model (LAEEM) The Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model (LAEEM) was developed by the Clean Air Technology Center (CATC). The model can be used to estimate emission rates for methane, carbon dioxide, nonmethane organic compounds, and individual toxic air pollutants from landfills. The system allows the user to enter specific information regarding the characteristics and capacity of an individual landfill and to project the emissions of methane, CO, nonmethane organic compounds, and individual HAPs over time using the Scholl Canyon decay model for landfill gas production estimation. The Scholl Canyon Model is a first-order decay equation that uses site-specific characteristics for estimating the gas generation rate. In the absence of site-specific data, the program provides conservative default values. The user also may tailor decay rate characteristics on an individual basis. An integrated decay rate constant calculator is provided for landfills that may be operating a gas recovery system to allow more accurate assessments of decay attributes. Outputs may be reviewed in either tabular or graphical forms. A help system is also provided with information on the model operation as well as details on assumptions and defaults used by the system. For additional information contact the EPA's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division at (919) 541-2709. The model can be downloaded from the World Wide Web through EPA's TTN web page at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/catc/products. html#software. TANKS TANKS is a Windows-based computer software program that computes estimates of VOC emissions from fixed- and floating-roof storage tanks based on the emission estimation procedures from Chapter 7 ofAP-42, plus recent updates from the American Petroleum Institute. The TANKS program employs a chemical database of over 100 organic liquids and meteorology data from over 250 cities in the United States. The user may add new chemicals and cities to their version of the database. The tank types addressed in the program include vertical and horizontal fixed roof tanks, and internal and external floating roof tanks. The tank contents can consist of single-component liquid or a multicomponent mixture. TANKS provides three ways to "speciate" stored liquid mixtures to estimate the emissions of individual components. TANKS is available through the EPA's TTN web page at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/tanks.html. WATERS WATERS is an analytical model for estimating compound-specific air emissions from wastewater collection & treatment systems including aerated basins, and other units. WATERS contains useful features such as the ability to link treatment units to form a treatment system, the ability for recycle among units, and the ability to generate and save site-specific compound properties. WATERS has a database with compound-specific data for over 950 chemicals. WATERS is available through the EPA's TTN web page at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/software. html#water8. N-4 ------- CHEMDAT8 CHEMDAT8 is a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet that includes analytical models for estimating emissions from treatment, storage and disposal facility (TSDF) processes. The original models include disposal impoundments, closed landfills, land treatment facilities, and aeration and nonaeration impoundment processes. The models in CHEMDAT8 can be applied to other types of TSDF processes besides those contained in the original design. The nonaerated impoundment model in CFIEMDAT8 can estimate emissions from storage surface impoundments and open-top wastewater treatment tanks. The CFIEMDAT8 aerated impoundment model may be used for predicting emissions from surface treatment impoundments and aerated wastewater treatment tanks. The land treatment model in CFIEMDAT8 can estimate emissions from land treatment soil, open landfills, and wastepiles. Emissions from an oil film surface in a land treatment facility or an oil film on surface impoundments can be predicted via the oil film model in CFIEMDAT8. When a CHEMDAT8 model is not available to predict emissions, the equations shown in the reports that provide the background to the model can be used to perform hand calculations of emissions. This eighth version of the CFIEMDAT spreadsheet contains several major operational modifications. In CHEMDAT8, the user can select a subset of target compounds for investigation. The user can also specify which TSDF processes are to be considered during a session. These two selections improve the efficiency of CFIEMDAT8 relative to some of the earlier versions by minimizing storage requirements as well as actual loading and execution time. Default input parameters in the CHEMDAT8 diskette demonstrate example calculations. However, the input parameters can be changed to reflect different TSDF characteristics and then recalculate emissions under these modified conditions. The list of 60 compounds currently in CHEMDAT8 can be augmented by an additional 700 chemicals. Procedures for introducing data for additional compounds into CHEMDAT8 are described in the supporting documentation report. CHEMDAT8 is available through the EPA's TTN web page at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/software. html#water8. CINCI CINCI is an integrated model for predicting the fate of organics in wastewater treatment plants. CINCI was developed with support from the EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. The physical properties database of the model includes 196 chemicals and metals, Henry's Law constants, sorption coefficients, biodegradation rate constants, and diffusivities. Removal mechanisms included are stripping/volatilization, stripping, surface volatilization, sorption, and biodegradation. Unit operations included are primary treatment followed by secondary treatment with sludge recycle, secondary treatment with sludge recycle, and secondary treatment without sludge recycle. The model is written in FORTRAN and has three built-in default cases. CINCI is available at no charge through the EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. N-5 ------- Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of (Source Category) or (Substance) Documents This report series (known as L&E documents) characterizes the source categories for which emissions of a toxic substance have been identified. Specifically, each volume includes general descriptions of the emitting processes, identifying potential release points and emission factors. L&E documents make use ofAP-42 emission factors where applicable, and they also revise or supplement those emission factors when necessary to present the most complete assessment of the sources of the specific toxic air pollutant. Paper copies of any of the L&E series documents may be ordered free of charge from the Info CHIEF help desk at (919) 541-5285. L&E documents can be downloaded from the World Wide Web through EPA's TTN web page at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc.htmffiLE. A complete list of all L&E documents is included in Appendix P. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) EPA is continuously updating AP-42 to include available HAP emission factors for the most common emission source categories. Each AP-42 emission factor is given a rating from A through E, with A being the best. A factor's rating is a general indication of the reliability, or robustness, of that factor. This rating is assigned based on the estimated reliability of the tests used to develop the factor and on both the amount and the representative characteristics of those data. Because ratings are subjective and only indirectly consider the inherent scatter among the data used to calculate factors, the ratings should be seen only as approximations. A rating should be considered an indicator of the accuracy and precision of a given factor being used to estimate emissions from a large number of sources. This indicator is largely a reflection of the professional judgment of AP-42 authors and reviewers concerning the reliability of any estimates derived with these factors. Up-to-date sections of AP-42 can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through OAQPS' TTN Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc.html. Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System FIRE is a database management system containing: EPA's recommended emission estimation factors for criteria pollutants and HAPs; Information about industries, their emitting processes, and chemicals emitted; All EPA point and area SCCs through April, 1998; Easy access to criteria and HAP emission factors obtained from AP-42, L&E series documents, factors derived from state-reported test data, and factors taken from literature searches; N-6 ------- Capability for users to browse through records in the database or to select specific emission factors by source category name or source classification code (SCC), by pollutant name or CAS number, or by control device type or code. FIRE Version 6.01 (released May, 1998) is a user-friendly, menu-driven Windows program that can run under Windows Version 3.1, 95 or Windows NT. FIRE can be downloaded off the World Wide Web through OAQPS' TIN Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/fire.html. FIRE is also available on the Air CHIEF, a compact disc read-only memory (CD- ROM) and can be obtained by calling the Info CHIEF Help Desk at (919) 541-5285. Air Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emission Factors (Air CHIEF) CD-ROM Air CHIEF CD-ROM format, gives access to air emission data specific to estimating the types and quantities of pollutants that may be emitted from a wide variety of sources. Updated annually, Air CHIEF offers thousands of pages contained in some of EPA's most widely used documents. This most recent version of Air CHIEF contains many enhancements, such as linking between related documents, Web links directly to the CHIEF Web site for easy access to the most recent updates, and enhanced full-CD searching. The Adobe Acrobatฎ software included on the CD allows for easy browsing of all information or locating specific information by conducting keyword searches by pollutant, source category, SCC, or SIC code. Some of the databases included on Air CHIEF version 5.0 are: (1) AP-42; (2) L&E documents; (3) EIIP documents (current through August 1997); and (5) FIRE. Air CHIEF version 5.0 is available for distribution by GPO for $15.00 (Stock Number: 055-000-00580-0) and can be ordered by calling GPO at (202) 512-1800, or by ordering online through OAQPS' TTN Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/airchief.htmMorder. Version 6.0 will be released in November 1998. Unified Air Toxics Web site (UATW) UATW was established jointly by the EPA and STAPPA/ALAPCO as a database of facility permit and source test information submitted by state and local agencies to EPA. UATW collects, classifies, and disseminates information submitted by federal, state and local agencies regarding their air toxics programs. Information contained at this site includes: Emission factors, emissions test data, and source category identifications; Background information on air toxics and their effect on health; Descriptions of the various subsections of Section 112 of the CAA; The original Section 112 list of HAPs, the list of modifications to the original Section 112 list, and the most current list of HAP; N-7 ------- List of original source categories and subcategories defined in Section 112 of the CAA, and the most current list; On-line access to miscellaneous information (basic facts, regulatory development, and educational and training resources) relating to air toxics, including publications dealing with air toxics from small businesses; Gateway to the on-line Toxics Release Inventory; Links to other EPA offices web pages; Links to air toxics rules, rule development activities, implementation information, and comprehensive MACT rule specific information including promulgation dates; Other air toxics rules, policies, guidance, studies, reports and initiatives; and Lists of contact names and phone numbers, allowing the user the opportunity to get more specifics directly from the supplying agencies. UATW can be accessed on the World Wide Web through OAQPS' TIN Web site at http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/. N-8 ------- This page is intentionally blank. N-9 ------- APPENDIX O AIR TOXICS EMISSION INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE ELEMENTS, CONSIDERATIONS, AND FOLLOW-UP PROCEDURES O-l ------- ELEMENTS An air toxics emission inventory questionnaire mail-out has three basic elements: the cover letter, the questionnaire instructions, and the questionnaire itself. The questionnaire format and content depends on the detail of the inventory and the ultimate use of the data. All of these components, when considered together, make up the air toxics questionnaire package. Cover Letter The cover letter is a key to the air toxics emission inventory, because it introduces the purpose of the questionnaire and is the initial contact with the recipient. If the cover letter does not command attention, the attached questionnaire may be discarded or filed away and not considered a top priority. This could make the number of companies requiring recontact by agency personnel increase dramatically. The cover letter should include the following: Applicable regulations, if any, that require the recipient to respond; Confidentiality provisions, if applicable; The purpose of the questionnaire; A respectful request for cooperation in filling out the questionnaire; Due date for the return of completed questionnaires; A state or local agency contact name and telephone number to answer questions; and Rationale for asking for what may appear to the source to be redundant information. The cover letter should be as short and direct as possible. The most successful return rates for questionnaires have been the ones having the strongest legal statements. Therefore, states/local agencies requiring air toxics source registration to obtain construction or operating permits may obtain better source cooperation. A strong statement about existing and applicable regulations which require a recipient to respond to the questionnaire is the agency's most powerful tool for maximizing the return rate. The statement should be placed prominently in the beginning or at the top of the cover letter. It should cite any applicable regulations or proposed regulations and specify penalties for noncompliance. O-2 ------- Another important item to include in a cover letter to ensure a high return rate is the due date. The final due date should be included in the cover letter to that it will not be overlooked by those who do not read instructions. The due date may be specified either as a stated date or as a period of time after the recipient receives the questionnaire. The first approach is more specific, and gives the recipient a definite deadline. With the latter approach however, the questionnaire mailing can be staggered without having to reprint the due dates listed on the cover letter. The agency should record each due date so it will be clear when follow-up letters or phone calls may need to begin for tardy respondents. Questionnaire Instructions General information that affects the whole questionnaire may be included first on the instruction page. For example, if the questionnaire is "open-ended" (i.e., asks the recipient to list every toxic compound from every emission source) , it should be clear that the respondent should use chemical compound names or preferably CAS numbers and not just industrial trade names. Also, it may be helpful to point out that not all questions, sections, or pages may apply to every industry, as in a source category specific directed questionnaire. If the questions are designed for direct coding to computer input, the general instructions should explain how to enter numbers properly. In addition to explaining how to complete the questionnaire, the general instructions should indicate the specific year, or other appropriate period of time, for which all data are required. Some agencies have utilized production/use questionnaires which basically just ask sources to identify whether each substance is purchased, used, or produced, followed by a more detailed questionnaire targeted to specific industries. Some agencies include minimum usage or emissions levels specified on an attached list as part of the instructions. Questionnaire Design There are several ways to design a questionnaire. Of utmost importance when designing a questionnaire is that the format suits the needs of the agency and attains correct responses and maintains a good agency-industry working relationship. Several approaches can be taken in designing the questionnaire which, in turn, will effect the format of the questionnaire. The approaches that can be used include: open vs. closed-ended, emission-based vs. chemical use, permit related, and general vs. industry-specific. In order for an agency to decide which approach to use, it needs to be familiar with some of the impacts of each approach. Each agency should tailor their inventory package according to their agency's individual needs. Many times, the examples are a combination of approaches. For instance, in one case a general design questionnaire was sent to various manufacturers and process industries, and later, industry specific questionnaires were sent to a small subset of the original recipients. In still another case a screening study was first done to narrow down the number of sources to be inventoried and O-3 ------- indicated the design needs of the final questionnaire to be sent out. Later, a second questionnaire was sent. The following sections explain the advantages and disadvantages of various type questionnaire designs. These are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Open-Ended Approach The open-ended approach does not target specific source types or a limited group of compounds. The open-ended approach asks the respondent to list any compound that they emit. It does not provide a checklist of compounds. Therefore, with an open-minded approach a much larger number of contacts will be necessary. This approach has several similarities to a screening study: Less time and effort in questionnaire design; Responses may be less detailed; More responses may be inaccurate or trade names (not chemical compound names) may be listed; and Some sources may report no air toxic emissions. Closed-Ended Approach The closed-ended approach is a more direct approach, which usually provides a limited list of compounds with the questionnaire. Some agencies' list lists of toxic compounds are becoming rather extensive and use of CAS numbers is widespread. This approach requires more design time up from (e.g. screening studies, modeling analyses). However, the benefits are that the resulting number of sources contacted can be greatly reduced and the quality and detail of the data received are usually better. Emissions-Based Approach Emissions-based questionnaires request information often included in annual volatile organic compound (VOC) or particulate matter emissions inventories. The agency may request permitted or potential emissions per source and/or actual emissions, average emissions, or emissions per day. They may also specify emissions per hour (or time interval) for specific compounds. In many cases some of this information can be collected for the majority of sources from the established criteria emission inventory records. The agency may also ask for emergency episode emissions, fugitive emissions, and information from excluded criteria emission inventory sources. O-4 ------- Chemical Use Approach Chemical use questionnaires are directed toward lists of specific compounds and ask for process input information and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). The Material Safety Data Sheets include the needed species composition data and should be requested where available, for any approach used. The agency can require the source to contact the suppliers of chemicals they use, if MSDS are not available. The agency can use these data to make emissions estimates if information is also provided on daily use, process operating parameters, and efficiency of the control equipment. General Approach This type of questionnaire may be used as input to simple screening models to determine if a particular source is a potential problem and if further, more detailed source, emissions, and modeling data are required. A list of chemicals is provided and the sources must access it if it emits any of the listed compounds. These questionnaires may list minimum levels for each compound addressed. Such questionnaires may also be used in conjunction with several source specific questionnaires. The general questionnaire may also be sent to a variety of manufacturing or industrial process facilities not covered by the source specific questionnaires. Industry-Specific Approach These are very detailed questionnaires that may include emissions information from process vents, fugitive equipment leaks, equipment openings, raw material/product storage and handling, secondary waste treatment, and liquid spills. Questionnaires of this type are usually focused on a handful of very large, singularly important point sources. A great deal of pre-screening effort would be required for industry-specific questionnaires, and a great deal of effort would also be required of the recipient in filling out the questionnaire. More effort would be required per source for the agency to properly interpret the response. However, this level of detail is probably the next best thing to actual source testing in estimating emissions. This technique may also prove useful in targeting particular sources the agency determines may or may not need to conduct source tests. Tiered Approach In the tiered or staggered mail-out approach, a cover letter and screening study type questionnaire are used, followed later by more detailed questionnaires sent to a select number or type of sources. A phone survey may be conducted by the agency prior to the screening study to narrow the number of facilities to send the screening study questionnaire or the detailed questionnaire. Whether the phone survey is conducted before or after the screening study questionnaire is sent depends on the number and type of facilities in the inventory area. A good example would be dry cleaning establishments. The state manufacturing guide may list 100 dry cleaners in a certain city. However, after a phone survey the agency found that 75 percent of these locations are only drop-off and pick service centers. By conducting the phone O-5 ------- screening, it was obvious that no questionnaires were necessary for those service centers. A more detailed questionnaire was sent to the remaining 25 dry cleaners. This benefitted both the agency by not having to review unnecessary forms, and the excluded service centers by not wasting their time completing unnecessary forms. Phone screening may not always be an efficient use of agency time, depending on the individual agency needs or types of industries included. Another approach is to first send an open-ended questionnaire or general questionnaire, followed by later designed industry specific (by source type) questionnaire, followed-up by phone calls to clarify data and/or source tests or inspections. O-6 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. O-7 ------- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Other considerations when developing an air toxics questionnaire are more related to strategy for maximizing accuracy and minimizing cost and time involved to conduct an inventory. These include discussions of the importance of the following: Asking the right questions; Maximizing return rates; Providing for facility confidentiality of trade secrets; Outlining what questions are applicable for particular source categories; Designing question/answer style and format to decrease confusion or misrepresentation; Providing written instructions for answers (especially units of measurement) with computer coding format instructions if necessary; and Developing a data quality assurance procedure. Some of these considerations are clearly technical in nature, but they need to be incorporated with administrative and procedural considerations for the whole effort to be the most efficient. The Right Questions A successful air toxics questionnaire obtains the right answers to the right questions for the particular agency while maintaining a good working relationship with the recipients. Duplication of information already available through permit files may not be needed if the number of sources included in the survey is few and the information is easily extracted from other sources. However, for large survey efforts, it may be too time consuming for agency personnel to extract needed available information and thus, some duplication of effort on the part of the sources cannot be avoided. If the sources being sent questionnaires are the same as included in the criteria pollutant inventory, all information which the agency already has about the recipient's facility, such as mailing address, SIC number, UTM coordinates, emission point numbers, etc., should be preprinted on the questionnaire. The agency could use a window envelope to expose the facility name and address and avoid making additional mailing labels. The most profound difference between air toxics and criteria pollutant inventories is in the sheer numbers of substances included. Since there are literally hundreds of potentially toxic substances as compared to only a handful of criteria pollutants, asking the right question in all cases can become formidable. Also, data handling and data collection needs increase as more substances are inventoried. In addition, if the emission estimates are to be used as inputs to models, then the data must be collected spatially and resolved to grid cells depending on which models will O-8 ------- eventually be used, therefore the "right" questions to ask may vary. In general the complexity of the questions will be determined by the most demanding application to which the inventory will be applied. The Return Rate The return rate of a questionnaire depends on several factors. The first impression of the recipient, the simplicity of the questionnaire, and conveying the importance of returning the questionnaire are all important factors affecting the return rate. Minimize Questionnaire Length The recipient's first impression will be based on the size of the questionnaire. It should be as brief as possible. Unfortunately, it may be impossible for the forms and accompanying instructions for a large listing of toxic compounds or source categories to be brief. So, the next best approach may be to design the forms in such a way to make the pages as uncluttered and readable as possible leaving ample room for answers. Maximizing Return Rates Staggered mailing is particularly important for very large inventories, because 1000 or more questionnaires returned simultaneously may be too difficult to process at one time. Staggered return uses the agency's limited manpower and resources more economically. Questionnaires can easily become lost or damaged if they are not processed expediently by the agency, and this may be less likely to occur if the staggered mailing approach is used. Each respondent should have an equal amount of time to respond to questionnaires when using the same format and approach especially if there is a penalty for late responses. But this must depend on equal complexity of the information required by questionnaires. Obviously more time will be needed for a large source to complete a source specific questionnaire than a simple screening survey or a general information questionnaire with, for example 20 compounds versus 200 compounds. Therefore, the time period allowed for completion of air toxics emission inventories require more planning than criteria pollutant inventories. The time period should be long enough so that the respondent is not overly rushed and short enough that the respondent does not procrastinate in responding. Another good approach for a large inventory is to classify the mailings according to priority chemicals, source type, source size, county locations, or simply a source name (alphabetical) staggered approach. In this way, all of the questionnaires will not be returned as the same time. Each questionnaire should be reviewed as soon as possible after it is received. When this approach is used for a selected small number of sources at the beginning of the update, the agency can predict the manpower and resources it will take to complete the full-blown inventory effort. They may find they do not in fact have the manpower to conduct the type of inventory they want. They can instead rethink and replan their approach or request additional manpower to complete the inventory. O-9 ------- Confidentiality Confidentiality can be established in one of several ways. The simplest is a box to be checked to request confidentiality for all information other than emissions data given in the questionnaire. Justification for the request would be given by the recipient on a separate sheet. In this way each piece of confidential information can be keyed as such. Another approach would be for the industry to submit one full questionnaire and one "sanitized" questionnaire that would be available for public review. The main advantage to this approach is that it clearly indicates the request to the agency. It also alerts the agency to look for supplementary supporting information. If the questionnaire is converted to computer input, a check in the confidentiality box can be programmed as a command to store all information in a limited access data file. The disadvantages of this approach are that it does not provide confidentiality for only specific pieces of information and that it may be too easy to use. It should be used only for recipients who are anticipated to be deeply concerned about confidentiality. This judgment is best handled by the appropriate agency officials. A better method may be to require the industry to highlight each and every answer it deems confidential. A more complex method for establishing confidentiality involves the assignment of a survey number to each questionnaire; this number would also be printed on the general information page. The agency director would detach the general information page from the returned questionnaire and store it in a locked file. Since all identification is presented on the general information page, no one would be able to associate the information on the question pages with a specific facility. If necessary, a facility could be identified by locating the survey number in the locked file of general information pages. This consideration is especially important if the agency subcontracts to a private consultant for the interpretation and transcription of the information. If the information is computerized, the identification information could be entered into a separate limited access file. Each agency should be versed in their local laws to ascertain that the concealment of identification is not forbidden (the public access to records varies among states). A system which allows for partial confidentiality could be established in the cover letter using a paragraph similar to the following: Any proprietary information, which you believe is of a confidential nature, should be identified in a supplementary letter with applicable data in the questionnaire marked with the word CONFIDENTIAL. A brief explanation in your letter for the desired confidentiality should be included. This system indicates clearly to the agency which information is confidential and which is not. It also alerts the agency to look for supplementary supporting information with each returned O-10 ------- questionnaire that is marked anywhere with the word "CONFIDENTIAL." However, unless the marking is very clear, this system can become tedious and inefficient. Applicability and Clarity of Questions Several factors in the design of the question section can determine the efficiency of the mailing and affect the return rate as well. First, there should be a clear statement from which the respondent can determine whether the questionnaire is applicable to his facility. Second, the questions should be well-arranged and easy to answer. A clear statement of applicability serves several purposes. If the questionnaire is applicable, the statement reinforces the necessity of compliance. If the questionnaire is not applicable and recipient can easily determine it as such, he may be more cooperative in the future when the questionnaire does apply to him. A maximum return rate for non-applicable respondents is important because the agency will not have to waste time and money for follow-up and know up front which facilities are not being inventoried. The use of a check box for applicability will help the agency distinguish between questionnaires that are not applicable and the ones that are returned without any response. Examples of statements of applicability are provided below. If this equipment was used at least five (5) days last year, check this box and complete the questionnaire. If this equipment was not used at least five (5) days last year, check this box and return this form. If this equipment has been removed, check this box and return this form. If any compound used on the attached table is less than the minimum level listed, check this box and return this form. Statements of non-applicability at the beginning of each page or section can be used as an alternative or supplement to a general statement of applicability. Colored pages may be used to designate different sections of the questionnaire. By supplying a check box, the agency can discriminate between pages that were forgotten and pages that were not applicable. Complexity and Questionnaire Format As mentioned earlier, the questions must be well-arranged and easy to answer. Brevity enhances the rate of return. The agency can usually reduce the bulk of the question section by designing industry-specific questionnaires instead of general questionnaires. Industry-specific questionnaires are designed specifically for one particular type of industry, as opposed to general questionnaires applicable to a whole group of industries. For example, it may be better to send O-ll ------- an industry-specific questionnaire to a dry cleaning establishment and a multipage, general questionnaire to an organic solvent user. The consideration of questionnaire format, however, must be balanced against the level of resources available to the agency conducting the inventory. It takes more money and manpower to design, mail out, and interpret industry-specific questionnaires than it does general questionnaires. Processing of industry-specific questionnaires is also more complex because the format of each questionnaire will vary. Furthermore, it is possible to send an inappropriate industry-specific questionnaire to a facility. On the other hand, general questions may be preferable if the agency's resources are limited or if the agency is unfamiliar with many of the sources. Inventories for specific pollutants may be most advantageously conducted with general questionnaires. Furthermore, general questionnaires may be more appropriate for large or complex facilities that are difficult to characterize. Most of these facilities will have engineers available to translate their process and emission information onto the forms. If a general questionnaire must be used, it is important to provide a statement of applicability for each page. In addition, questionnaires that are organized so that all information about each emission point can be provided on one page are usually easier to fill out than questionnaires that have separate pages for process, emissions, control equipment, and stack information (subject-by-subject). For this reason, source-by-source questionnaires are usually considered the better format. However, if the questions are arranged by subject, industry-specific questionnaires can be designed by simply selecting the subject pages that apply to each industry. Then only a few supplementary pages of questions that are unique to an industry must then be formulated. Another method that can minimize the level of effort required from the recipient, and therefore enhance the return rate, concerns the format of the questions. Multiple choice questions are the easiest type for recipients to answer. Many questions can easily be formatted as multiple choice. For example, a question that asks the recipient to describe or name the type of control device used can be improved by supplying a list of conceivable control devices and asking the recipient to put a check next to the appropriate answer. When needed, multiple choice questions can include the choice "other" with a blank beside it for entering out-of-the-ordinary controls. Other questions, such as those that require exact numerical answers, can only be answered appropriately with a written response. If there are repetitive questions, the recipient could be asked to make a copy of a questionnaire for each point source or substance being inventoried. Clarity of Instructions To be considered accurate, questionnaire responses must provide both the descriptive information desired and the correct numerical data. Every effort must be made not to confuse the recipient. Therefore, it is important to provide clear, complete instructions to decrease the chances of error in the responses. Instructions should be as concise as necessary. Units of measurement, method of calculations and conversions, and code number instructions should be put on the questionnaire itself and not explained in the instructions. This enables the recipient to read through instructions expediently without becoming caught up in too much detail. O-12 ------- In conclusion, general instructions should be as precise as possible. Some of the most effective air toxics questionnaire instructions are those which explain in detail how to answer each question. If a particular question requires special clarification, it is best to note special instructions on the same page as the question rather than print them on a separate instruction page. The following types of information should be included when asking detailed questions: Specific Responsesprinting the type of units wanted for an answer right next to the answer space. Using the multiple choice format; Samplesproviding completed samples with the instructions for process flow, schematic and plant layout diagrams. Sample diagrams help the recipient to visualize what is expected; they are easiest to interpret if they are adjacent to the instructions; Standardized Formsproviding standardized forms when periodic inventory updates are performed. Regular recipients will eventually learn how to provide the correct responses. This is one condition under which a single generalized form for all facilities is efficient; Emissions Estimatesinstructions for the inclusion of estimation methods used. Examples of estimation methods include: material balance, emission factors, source test results, models, and engineering judgments. Final Considerations After a questionnaire is designed, it is good quality assurance procedure to check its effectiveness. This can be accomplished using a limited pilot mailing followed by site visits. This procedure provides a check on the effectiveness of the particular questionnaire package and its applicability to different sources. A final possibility that may improve industry-agency relations would be to include a few questions at the end of the questionnaire or on a separate page for industry suggestions for future questionnaires or questions such as the following: Were the questions clear? Approximately how long did it take to complete the form? Were the questions applicable to your company? If you called for help and/or agency clarification, did we adequately respond? Was the time allowed after receiving the questionnaire adequate? If not, why? Please provide additional comments, if any. O-13 ------- This type of addition may indicate to the recipients a true concern to minimize industry paperwork, or at least the desire to work with industry to improve future questionnaires. O-14 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. O-15 ------- FOLLOW-UP PROCEDURES Follow-up can be as important or more important than the planning and effort expended in questionnaire design. The accuracy and completeness of responses must be checked and tabulated, and entered into a computer. Depending on how thorough the questionnaire instructions were explained with the mail-out, and whether deadlines were identified in the cover letter, a second major effort may be required to contact recipients who are delinquent in responding or to clarify items such as emissions units or estimates of control efficiencies. Some second effort can be expected, either for clarification of answers or for non-response. The following sections discuss the importance of such follow-up procedures such as data quality checks, the use of on-site inspections, and recontacting sources. Questionnaire revisions are also discussed. Quality Control of Data All the questionnaires should be checked by engineers, chemists, or experienced environmental scientists to determine if the data provided are reasonable. It is helpful to ask for process flow and plant layout diagrams to aid in the interpretation of data. In addition, the best quality check would be performed by engineers or scientists who have worked in or are familiar with the industry. Finally, for similar processes and chemicals, total emissions can be compared against each other or checked against appropriate emissions factors to determine reasonableness. The extent that detailed checks can be done depends on the resources available to the agency, the number of sources included in the inventory, and the use of the data. It is suggested to recontact a higher percentage of respondents that considered their usage lower than specified yearly amount, or as having no toxic emissions when their SIC code would suggest otherwise. Perhaps they only misunderstood the way the instructions were worded, or know their chemicals by a trade name instead of chemical composition. In any event, a follow-up call may increase the accuracy of the inventory. On-Site Inspections For certain sources, it may be appropriate to consider plant visits if more specific information needs to be obtained for a particular program purpose, although this approach can become resource intensive and time consuming. Another approach is to do a preliminary screening and visit a very small percentage of facilities as part of a data quality control procedure. Also, it may be wise to visit a representative sample of respondents that checked the "not applicable" box, especially if the agency determines from cross referencing SIC codes, that the source has a potential to emit air toxic compounds. Another less resource intensive approach may be to inspect the facility to check air toxics emission responses during the next regularly scheduled air compliance inspection. Most agencies periodically inspect major facilities within their jurisdiction. The problems that can be encountered using this approach is that air inspectors may need additional training before such air toxics inspections, because most regular air inspections involve criteria pollutants, or at the most select pollutants associated with NESHAPs or NSPS. O-16 ------- Recontacting Sources The return rate for the air toxics questionnaires can be increased by recontacting recipients that are delinquent in responding either by letter or by phone. This recontact reminds them that they will not be forgotten and may be subject to fine, and that a response is necessary. For other companies that may be confused by some of the questions, recontact provides them with a less embarrassing way to ask questions. This interaction is the most effective while the questionnaire is being initially completed, rather than having to return questionnaires to the industries for corrections. Using a pilot mailing will help get an idea of the average time recipients take to respond and how many recipients will need to be recontacted. In addition, a pilot mailing can provide an overview of the effectiveness of the questionnaire before the final mailing is done. Unnecessary recontacts should be minimized to avoid the possibility of some firms becoming uncooperative. Inventory efforts, after all, are not a one-time need. Yearly updates may be necessary. Revising the Questionnaire The process of revising the questionnaire should be an evolving process. With each mail-out or updating of the inventory, the questionnaire or instructions for completing the questionnaire can be fine tuned or redirected to meet the developing air toxics program needs. But, as mentioned before, industry will become familiar with questionnaire format that is not changed drastically from mailing to mailing. So, a carefully considered initial design is the best approach, and will reduce time needed for follow-up. Some changes can be expected, such as: Promulgation of new air toxics regulations, stricter source registration requirements, or changes in reporting requirements; More EPA approved emission factors or more available stack test data; Increases in the number and types of compounds included; Changes in format of questions when agency installs or changes its data handling system; and Changes in air toxics control technology and/or control equipment efficiency. Other changes may be made because of the widespread occurrence of wrong responses to a particular question. Still another kind of revision, but one that has much impact, are changes in various aspects of the inventory process, such as: Addition or deletion of the use of screening questionnaires; Changes in the cover letter, instructions or confidentiality provisions; O-17 ------- Changes in the type of questionnaire, such as a change from open-ended to industry-specific questionnaires; Changes in the ways that the agency intends to use the data; and Changes in agency budgets and/or resources and manpower available for inventory efforts. Perhaps the best way to proceed is not to plan in terms of needed air toxics emission inventory questionnaire revisions, but to continually focus on needed improvements, whatever the reasons turn out to be. O-18 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. O-19 ------- APPENDIX P LIST OF PUBLISHED L&E DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc.htmMLE P-l ------- Substance Acrylonitrile Arsenic Benzene Butadiene Cadmium Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorobenzene (update) Chloroform Chromium (supplement) Chromium Cyanide Compounds Dioxins and Furans Epichlorohydrin Ethylene Bichloride Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Lead Manganese Mercury Methyl Chloroform Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methylene Chloride Nickel Organic Liquid Storage Tanks Perchloroethylene and List Of Published L&E Documents EPA Publication Number EPA-450/4-84-007a EPA-454/R-98-013 EPA-454/R-98-011 EPA-454/R-96-008 EPA-454/R-93-040 EPA-450/4-84-007b EPA-454/R-93-044 EPA-450/4-84-007c EPA-450/2-89-002 EPA-450/4-84-007g EPA-454/R-93-041 EPA-454/R-97-003 EPA-450/4-84-007J EPA-450/4-84-007d EPA-450/4-84-0071 EPA-450/4-91-012 EPA-454/R-98-006 EPA-450/4-84-007h EPA-453/R-97-012 EPA-454/R-93-045 EPA-454/R-93-046 EPA-454/R-93-006 EPA-450/4-84-007f EPA-450/4-88-004 EPA-450/2-89-013 Trichloroethylene Phosgene Fob/chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM) Styrene Toluene Vinylidene Chloride Xylenes EPA-450/4-84-007i EPA-450/4-84-007n EPA-454/R-98-014 EPA-454/R-93-011 EPA-454/R-93-047 EPA-450/4-84-007k EPA-454/R-93-048 Available On Line? NO YES YES YES YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES NO YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES P-2 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. P-3 ------- APPENDIX Q LIST OF RELEVANT WEB SITES Q-l ------- List of Relevant Web Sites Technology Transfer Network (TTN): http://www. epa.gov/ttn/ Basic emission inventory preparation procedures: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/ Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42): http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc. html Locating and Estimating (L&E) documents: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42etc. html#LE POM L&E documents: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/pom. html Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/fire.html or (919) 541-5285 TANKS http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/tanks. html WATERS and CHEMDAT8: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/software. html#water8 Air ClearingHouse For Inventories And Emission Factors (Air CHIEF) CD-ROM: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/airchief.htmffiorder The TTN CHIEF Forum: http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/netforum/chiefa/! Unified Air Toxics Web site (UATW): http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/ Section 112(c)(6) list: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112c6/n2c6fac. html Section 112(k) Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy list: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/112k/riurban-html Unified Air Toxics Web site Forum: http://www.epa.gOV/cgi-bin/netforum/uatw/a/l Federal and Regional Agencies Contacts: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/epaprogs. html Air Toxics Rules, Rule Development and Implementation Information: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/eparules. html Q-2 ------- Unified Air Toxics Web site Technical Resources: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/uatw/techres. html Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) - Main Menu: http://ttnwww.rtpnc. epa.gov/html/airs/airs. htm#ASIR Office of Air & Radiation: http://www. epa.gov/oar/ Section 112(m) Great Waters Program list: http://www. epa.gov/oar/gr8water/report9 7. html EIIP documents: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/eiip/ Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS): http://www. epa.gov/oar/oaqps/ AIRSWeb: http://www. epa.gov/airsweb/sources. htm The Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS): http://www. epa.gov/airs/ OAQPS Emission Inventory (El) Public Forum: http://www.epa.gOV/cgi-bin/netforum/nei/a/l Office of Research and Development (ORD): http://www. epa.gov/ord/ Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): http://www. epa.gov/ngispgm3/iris/subst-JI. htm Ambient Monitoring Technology Information: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/amtic/ Clean Air Technology Center (CATC): http://www. epa.gov/ttn/catc/ The Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model: http://www. epa.gov/ttn/catc/products. html#software Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT): http://www. epa.gov/opptintr/ Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data: http://www. epa.gov/opptintr/tri/access. htm Emission Measurement Technical Information Center (EMTIC): http://www. epa.gov/ttn/emtic/ Q-3 ------- Emission Measurement Technical Information Center (EMTIC) guidance on emission testing: http://ttnwww.rtpnc. epa.gov/html/emtic/emtic. htm#EM02 STAPPA/ALAPCO: http://www. 4cleanair. org/about. html The Great Lakes Commission: http://www.glc. org/ California Air Resource Board: http://www. arb. ca.gov/homepage. htm California's Hot Spots Air Toxics Program: http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/toxics.htm Dun and Bradstreet Million Dollar Directory: http://www. dnb. com/ Q-4 ------- This page is intentionally left blank. 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