United States Office Of Air Quality EPA-454/C-96-003
Environmental Protection Planning And Standards Volume VII, No. 4
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 277 1 1 Fall 1996
NEWSLETTER
— THE CLEARINGHOUSE FOR INVENTORIES AND EMISSION FACTORS —
Table of Contents
(click on title)
Emission Inventories Take On the "Big Easy" 2
Computing in Environmental Resources 2
Introducing the New EFIG Home Page! 3
Emission Inventory of Section 112(c)(6) Pollutants ... 4
Supplement B of AP-42 in the Works 5
FIRE Version 5.1b 5
National Emission Trends (NET) Database & Report . . 6
EIIP on the Road 6
Using PAMS Data to Improve Emission Estimates . . .7
AP-42 Supplement A is on the Web 7
EPA's Green Book 7
AP-42: Changes to be Documented in Supplement .... 8
Removal of Metric Units from AP-42 8
Greenhouse Gases in AP-42 8
Info CHIEF'S Most Frequently Asked Questions 9
Latest version of 1990 National Emission Inventory 9
Info CHIEF Update 10
Treatment of Non-Detects in Emission Factors .10
-------
Emission Inventories Take On the" Big Easy"
New Orleans was the site of the sixth annual Emission Inventory Conference, jointly sponsored by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Air & Waste Management Association (AWMA).
The theme of this year's conference, "The Emission Inventory: Key to Planning, Permits, Compliance,
and Reporting", focused on industrial participation. Of the 283 attendees, 15% were from industry,
which indicated a significant increase over last year. Of the remaining attendees, 30% were from state
and local agencies, 30% were consultants, 15% were from EPA, 5% from academia and 5% were from
foreign countries.
The technical program consisted of nine sessions over the two and one-half day conference. The
foreign dignitaries added interest to the conference with their perspectives from Canada, The Nether-
lands, Mexico, Russia, Slovakia, Taiwan, and Great Britain. As in past years, there were also continuing
education courses taught on the day before the conference.
The welcome and keynote address was given by Gus Vonbedugan of the State of Louisiana. Gus
highlighted the tremendous progress that has been made in the emission inventory program over the
past few years but noted the tremendous challenge facing the program with the increased needs from
emission inventories in planning, regulatory, compliance, and permitting activities.
The two luncheon talks highlighted the role of emission inventories in planning activities and
permit program. Jerry Golden of the Tennessee Valley Authority alerted attendees to the potential impli-
cations of regulations from the Ozone Transport Assessment Group as well as the new regulations
resulting from the revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and fine particulate matter.
Jerry noted that good emission inventories are essential to ensuring that cost effective control strategies
resulted from these regulatory activities. Mike Trutna of EPA's Permits Program, also highlighted the
importance of emission factors in determining permit fees and the importance in the linkage of data
collection efforts from the permit and emissions inventory programs.
The exhibits were also very good this year and they stimulated much interest along with the Poster
Session. As expected, New Orleans provided an excellent backdrop for the conference, with good
weather, good food, and plenty of entertainment, including the enjoyable Riverboat Cruise. Overall, the
conference was a success and attendees are already anticipating next fall's conference to be held in
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Computing in Environmental Resources
— Research Triangle Park, NC —
Courses: December 1,1996
Conference: Decem ber 2-4,1996
The US EPA and the Air & Waste Management Association will be co-sponsoring a conference entitled,
"Computing in Environmental Resources", to be held at the Sheraton Imperial Hotel in Research Triangle
Park, NC. The conference will be held December 2-4,1996 and the continuing education courses will be
held on December 1, 1996. The conference will focus on computing and network technology as integral
parts of environmental management.
Session topics for this conference will include data management, remote on-line access, artificial intelli-
gence, expert systems, geographical information systems, modelling and visualization. A two-day exhi-
bition featuring technical theme displays will be a networking opportunity for both environmental experts
and information system experts alike. This conference will also feature a tour of the US EPA Scientific
Visualization Center. For more information about this conference and registration, please call the Air &
Waste Management Association registrar, (412) 232-3445 or (412) 232-3444, ext. 3142.
-------
Introducing the New EFIG Home Page!
by Mary Anne Barckhoff, Lockheed Martin
EFIG now has a home page that contains links to access any information related to emission factors and
inventories! Our previous web page on Emission Estimation Tools fittp://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/
tools.html) has been replaced by this new home page which is your one-stop gateway to a whole new
universe. All you need is one address: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/to link to many useful and
informative web pages that allow you to download emission estimation and modelling software, docu-
ments, and to link to other related web sites. Here is an overview of the EFIG Home Page features:
Softwares Tools
Download data-
bases such as the
Factor Information
Retrieval database
(FIRE), TANKS, or
the Landfill Air
Emissions Estima-
tion Model. Also
link to informative
pages about how
to obtain our CD-
ROM products
such as Air CHIEF
and the National
Emission Trends
Viewer CD-ROM.
Emission Factor & Inventory Group
"" "X TTN/CHIEF
http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/] Users can linkdi-
r _ r a _ ^r * J rectly to the old
familiar CHIEF
BBS, but now in
web page format!
What's New
This web page
keeps you up to
date with the lat-
est and greatest
news about Emis-
sion Factor and
Inventory Group
activities and fea-
tures of EFIG web
pages.
Related Sites
This page contains links to many EPA web pages such as the Great Lakes National Program Office web
page and all the EPA Regional Offices. You can also linktoAssociations and Other Organizations,
such as the Air & Waste Management Association and the Environmental Professional's Home Page.
Use this page to link to International & Foreign Organizations, such as Environment Canada and the
United Nations Environment Program or to go to anyState Agency web pages.
Data
The EFIG Data web page can link you directly to web sites that contain useful data pertaining to emission
factors and inventories. You can go directly toThe Ultimate Truth (TUT) Web Page, which allows you
to search the Ozone Transport Assessment Group's (OTAG) database of emission inventory data. Web
surfers can also access the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) home page from here.
Documents
The EFIG Documents web page includes links to our most popular downloadable documents, such as
the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42), the National Air Pollutant Emission
Trends, Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) documents, and theCHIEF Newsletter,
with informative descriptions of each. In addition, you can learn aboutFax CHIEF, EFIG's automated
document delivery system.
For questions or comments about the EFIG Home Page, call the Info CHIEF help desk at
(919) 541-5285, or e-mail info.chief@epamail.epa.gov.
3
-------
Emission Inventory of Section 112(c)(6) Pollutants:
A Draft Review
by Ann Ingram, Lockheed Martin
On October 16, 1996 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a draft review for public
comment on Section 112(c)(6) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Due to the short comment
period and a reduced budget, the review draft is available only in electronic format via theCHI EF Bulletin
Board System (BBS) and the CHIEF BBS web page.
WHAT IS SECTION 112(c)(6)?
Section 112(c)(6) of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 requires that the EPA identify sources
of alkylated lead compounds, polycyclic organic matter (POM), mercury, hexachlorobenzene, polychlo-
rinated biphenyls(PCB), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDF) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-di-
oxin (TCDD). These identified sources will account for not less than 90% of the aggregate emissions of
each pollutant subject to standards under Subsection 112(d)(2) or 112(d)(4). Standards must be devel-
oped for sources of these hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) by EPA not later than ten years after the date
of enactment.
BACKGROUND
In order to meet the requirements of Section 112(c)(6), national inventories of sources and emissions of
these seven specific pollutants are needed. These inventories will provide the reference basis for the
development of a national strategy to control the Section 112(c)(6) pollutants. These same national
inventories will prove equally useful as input to the urban area source program pursuant to Section
112(k) of the CAAA, should any of these pollutants also be selected under that program as presenting a
threat to public health in urban areas. Because the seven specific pollutants in Section 112(c)(6) are of
particular interest to the Great Waters program, these inventories will also prove useful in the context of
implementing Section 112(m), dealing with the protection of the Great Lakes and coastal estuaries.
HOWTO DOWNLOAD THE REPORT
The review draft report can be downloaded in a compressed WordPerfect® 5.1 format or an Adobe
Acrobat8 format from the "Emission Inventory Guidance" Section of theCHIEF BBS web site. Use the
EFIG Home Page (http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/) to access the CHIEF BBS web page, or dial up
to the CHIEF BBS at (919) 541-5742. The compressed file names are 112c6_a.zip and 112c6_b.zip.
The Adobe Acrobat® file names are 112c6_a.pdf, 112c6_b.pdf, and 112c6_c.pdf. For assistance with
downloading these files, call the Info CHIEF help desk at (919) 541-5285.
Comments concerning the draft review of Section 112(c)(6) are encouraged. Comments may be pro-
vided in writing, electronically through e-mail, or verbally. Comments and all questions on the document
should be directed to one of the following persons:
Ms. Anne Pope, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. EPA, Mail Drop 14
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711.
Phone: (919)541-5373
E-mail: POPE.ANNE@EPAMAILEPA.GOV
Ms. Laurel Driver, Visibility and Ecosystem Protection Group, U. S. EPA, Mail Drop 15
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711.
Phone: (919)541-0237
E-mail: DRIVER.LAUREL@EPAMAILEPA.GOV
The comment period will run from October 16- November 30, 1996. There will be no extensions of the
comment period beyond November 30 for any reason.
-------
Supplement B of AP-42 in the Works
The periodic update of AP-42 is underway. Those of you who have followed the document's progress
over the years know that sometimes the sections included in supplements are new, some are revised
thoroughly, and some just correct our typographical errors. One discussion that inevitably arises is how
to let you know which type of update is involved. With Supplement B several of our sections will contain
a new feature detailing what has changed from previous editions. This information will be placed be-
tween the text and the references. Please give us your feedback on the usefulness of this new feature.
Another change you will see in this supplement is the date convention used on updated pages. Hence-
forth, we will adjust the date for the entire section forany change no matter how minor. This means that
if you use the paper copy supplements to insert into your previous edition, you may want to add the new
date to the pages that do not change. Complete sections available on theFax CHIEF, CHIEF BBS and
web pages will have the latest date on all pages.
The following sections will be included in Supplement B:
1.1 Bituminous and Subbituminous Coal
1.2 Anthracite Coal Combustion
1.3 Fuel Oil Combustion
1.4 Natural Gas Combustion
1.5 Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion
1.6 Wood Waste Combustion
1.7 Lignite Combustion
1.8 Bagasse Combustion in Sugar Mills
1.9 Residential Fireplaces
1.10 Residential Wood Stoves
1.11 Waste Oil Combustion
2.1 Refuse Combustion
3.1 Stationary Gas Turbines for Electricity Generation
3.2 Heavy-duty Natural Gas-fired Pipeline Compressor Engines
3.3 Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines
3.4 Large Stationary Diesel and All Dual Fuel Engines
6.2 Adipic Acid
9.7 Cotton Ginning
9.9.4 Alfalfa Dehydration
9.12.1 Malt Beverages
11.7 Ceramic Clay
12.20 Electroplating
13.1 Wildfires and Prescribed Burning
14.1 Emissions from Soils-Greenhouse Gases
14.2 Termites-Greenhouse Gases
14.3 Lightning Emissions-Greenhouse Gases
Sections in progress include the following:
(* indicates greenhouse gas information)
*4.3 Waste Water Collection,
Treatment, and Storage
*8.8 Nitric Acid
*9.4.5 Animal Waste Lagoons
*9.17 Enteric Fermentation
*9.18 Flooded Rice Fields
9.10.1.2 Sugar Beet Processing
9.12.3 Distilled Spirits
*9.17 Enteric Fermentation
*9.18 Flooded Rice Fields
10.8 Wood Preserving
11.1 Hot Mix Asphalt Plants
11.3 Bricks and Related Clay
Products
11.9 Surface Coal Mines
11.12 Concrete Batching
11.23 Taconite Ore Processing
11.29 Alumina Manufacturing
**.** (TBD) Abrasive Blasting
FIRE Version 5.1b
Updated modules for both Criteria and Toxic pollutants for the Factor Information and Retrieval Sys-
tem (FIRE) should be available on the CHIEF BBS and web page by the end of November. FIRE is
a database system containing EPA's recommended criteria and hazardous air pollutant emission
factors. The updated modules will be labeled as version 5.1b, and will contain new and revised
emission factors from Supplement B to the Fifth Edition of AP-42. The current operating software
(version 5.1) will not change for the November release, however, we are in the process of developing
a design document for a Microsoft Windows®version of FIRE. Contact Ron Ryan at (919) 541-4330
for details or to provide your comments about FIRE and look for the draft design document on the
CHIEF BBS and web page by early 1997.
-------
National Emission Trends (NET) Database and Report
by Sharon Nizich, EFIG
The 1996 National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Report is scheduled for publication in November 1996.
This year the report is in abbreviated form, due to the government shutdown and budget crisis this year.
Despite the shortened format, enhancements were still added. They include tables of the Ozone Trans-
port and Assessment Group (OTAG) and Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission Study (GCVTC)
emission inventory data, with discussion on their upcoming incorporation into the NET database, bio-
genie emission data results from BEIS2 for the years 1988, 1990, 1991, and 1995, updated air toxics
information from the National Toxics Inventory (NTI), and updated 1990 Canadian emission estimates.
Emissions data for 1995 have been loaded onto the NET database maintained by EFIG. Currently we
are transferring the NET database to an ORACLE platform, which will make it easier to provide a link to
the database via the World Wide Web (WWW). We will soon be testing the process of importing state
emission inventory data using the El IP data transfer mechanism and will be incorporating data from the
OTAG, GCVTC, and 1996 periodic SIP emission inventories.
The National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Report—along with national emission summaries—will be on
the WWW in November. Check the EFIG Home Page (http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/) under
"Documents" for more information.
Copies of the report will be also be available through the Government Printing Office (GPO) at (202) 512-
1800. Ask for publication number EPA-454/R-96-007. The NET database will soon be available via FTP
and in summary format on CD-ROM (includes years 1985 through 1995) from GPO. Ask for CD-ROM
publication number EPA-454/C-96-002.
EIIPontheRoad
by Steve Bromberg, EFIG
The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) began its outreach effort by organizing information
sessions with state and local agencies hosted by their respective EPA Regional Offices. One to two day
meetings were held in Regions 5, 6, 9, and 10. Bill Gill and Mike Fishburn from Texas NRCC, Paul Kim
from Minnesota PCA, Sally Otterson from Washington DE, and Dennis Goodenow and Dale Shimp from
California ARE helped with the presentations. Excellent representation from 31 agencies were present
at the meetings with a total attendance of approximately 100. As federal travel funds permit, meetings
will be scheduled for other state and local agencies through the appropriate Regional Offices.
Several general observations emerged from the meetings:
EIIP must remain current, not only by standardizing new estimation meth-
ods, but by moving into new areas (e.g., making sure that toxic estima-
tion techniques are included in the EIIP procedures).
The biggest obstacle state and local agencies have in implementing
the EIIP is overcoming resistance to change within their respective or-
ganizations. Everyone agreed that the EIIP approach was sound, but
that instituting the needed procedures would be a challenge.
The meetings attendees emphasized the importance of having high quality emission inventories.
The EIIP Home Page is now live. All final documents are posted under the appropriate topic and are
available for downloading. The address ishttp://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/eiip/. The EIIP Update, a
periodic summary of EIIP progress and products is also available through the Home Page.
-------
Using PAMS Data to Improve Emission Estimates
Using Photochemical Air Monitoring System (PAMS) data to improve the emission estimates of ozone
precursors was a topic of discussion in two recent forums. The first forum was a series of workshops
being conducted on PAMS data analysis - the pilot workshop was held in Philadelphia in August and
another is will be held in Texas in December. The second was an AWMA meeting on Emission Factors
and Inventories, held in New Orleans in September. Hopefully, the discussions will evoke interest
among EPA Regions and States to exploit ambient databases like PAMS to gain important information
about nearby sources and emissions. This information in turn could be used to evaluate and improve
emission inventories for ozone precursors. Such analyses and studies can reveal missing sources or
suggest improvements to the spatial or temporal resolution of the emissions inventory. They can also
determine the need for better emission factors or activity inputs to emission models or factors.
The concept of using ambient measurements to improve emission models, factors and inventories is not
new, having been first used to evaluate particulate matter inventories in the 1970's. Historically, several
interpretive techniques have been used to link the emissions inventory with the PAMS data. Screening
analyses include hydrocarbon / NOx ratios, association of certain compounds with transport direction,
time series analyses, and chemical species associated with certain events or episodes. Multi-variate
models (e.g., factor analysis, Source Apportionment by Factors with Explicit Restrictions (SAFER) and
Chemical Mass Balance (CMB)) can also be used to interpret the data. However, special consideration
should be given to the reactivity of the species and the spatial representativeness of the Emission Inven-
tory (El). Both of these issues can limit the usefulness of the comparison unless they are appropriately
considered. Analyses conducted in Texas, Southern California, Atlanta and other locations have al-
ready provided useful information to local air agencies. For more information, call Tom Pace in the
Emission Factor and Inventory Group at (919) 541-5634.
AP-42, Supplement A is on the Web
by Ann Ingram, Lockheed Martin
In its latest endeavor to provide access to emission factor information, the Emission Factor and Inventory
Group has put Supplement A of AP-42 on it's own web site. The recently updated chapters and sections
of this popular document are available in an Adobe Acrobat® PDF file format. The conversion to PDF
allows the documents to be viewed on screen or printed as they appear in the final document. The files
require the Acrobat Reader®, which is freely available from Adobe. A link to the Adobe web site is
provided on the AP-42 Supplement A web site and the software can be downloaded from there.
The address to the web site is http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/ap42/ap42supa.htm I and it links to
and from the EFIG home page. Additionally, the entire Fifth Edition of AP-42 is available from the TTN
Internetweb site athttp://ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov. If you have questions or comments about these web
sites, please contact the Info CHIEF help desk, (919) 541-5285 or e-mail info.chief@epamail.epa.gov.
EPA's Green Book
For those who may need to keep tabs on the status of nonattainment areas or to refer to summa-
ries of the air quality standards, there is a web page that contains the EPA Green Book. From the
initial page, users can access information on nonattainment area names, classifications, maps
and pertinent Federal Register excerpts. Summaries of the air quality standards and their health
and environmental effects can also be accessed from the Green Book page. The EPA Green
Book web page is located at: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/.
-------
AP-42: Changes to be Documented in Supplement
by Roy Huntley, EFIG
For supplements A and B, Chapters 1 and 3 were reviewed to identify technical inadequacies and areas
where state-of-the-art technological advances need to be incorporated. In addition, EFIG looked for
errors by comparing the current emission factors in AP-42 with the background document information. If
discrepancies were found, the appropriate AP-42 references were reviewed. In some cases, the factors
could not be verified with the information in the background document or the reference materials, in
which case the factors were not changed. Several errors were found and emission factors were cor-
rected.
Clarifying language as needed was added throughout AP-42. For example, the following italicized
i sentence was added in the footnote of Table 1.1-2 of AP-42 (italics added);
"Emission factor would be calculated by multiplying the weight percent
sulfur in the coal by the numerical value preceding S. For example, if
A I ^H I tne fuel is 1.2% sulfur, then S equals 1.2." Apparently, many people
A | BBS5SS || were not sure if "S" was supposed to be 0.012 or 1.2. This example
should eliminate that confusion. A similar footnote is added for formu-
las using "A" as a variable, where "A" is the weight percent ash.
Supplement A to the Fifth Edition of AP-42 was issued in February
1996 and most Supplement B sections are currently available on the
CHIEF BBS, web page and Fax CHIEF. A complete list of changes in
Supplement A and B can be found on theCHIEF BBS in the ERRATA
file area. Look for the files named SUPA_CHG.TXT and SUPB_CHG.TXT
Removal of Metric Units from AP-42
Previously, AP-42 has presented emission factors in a variety of units for the convenience of the user.
Unfortunately, this practice has led to many inefficiencies. With the number of source categories, the
number of factors, and the number of users increasing every year, it has become more difficult to track
multiple presentations of the same emission factor. One way to reduce the inefficiencies is to present
them only once in one set of units. At this time, since the EPA database known as the Aerometric
Information Retrieval System (AIRS) uses English units and the majority of our customers (States, local
agencies) use English units, AP-42 will use English units. When sections undergo revision, metric units
will be removed. Footnotes will be added with conversion factors to convert the factors to metric as well
as other English units, such as Ib/MMBtu. Contact Roy Huntley of the Emission Factor and Inventory
Group, (919) 541-1060, if you have questions or comments.
Greenhouse Gases in AP-42
By Roy Huntley, EFIG
The Emission Factor and Inventory Group has been planning incorporate greenhouse gas emission
factors into the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42. This seems like a logical progres-
sion, as AP-42 has grown from including only process descriptions and criteria pollutant emission fac-
tors, to then include hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and now to include greenhouse gases. Carbon
dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factors have been incorporated as
appropriate into Chapters 1 and 3, and will also be incorporated into other appropriate chapters as well.
In addition, a new chapter, Chapter 14, will be added to include greenhouse gas sources (such as
lightning emissions) that do not fit logically into other pre-existing AP-42 chapters. CQ emission factors
are determined using a carbon balance and assuming that a certain percentage of the fuel carbon is
completely oxidized to CO2. N2O and CH4 emission factors were determined from emissions data.
-------
Info CHIEF'S Most Frequently Asked Questions
Call (919) 541-5285 or e-mail info.chief@epamail.epa.gov
if you havequestions!
Q: My computer has a fax modem. Can I use this to get documents from Fax CHIEF?
A: Unfortunately, you cannot use a fax modem. Fax CHIEF is an automated system that can only be
used if you have a fax machine with a phone receiver or a speaker phone and a touch-tone keypad. The
system works much like voice-mail, so you must be able to hear the recorded instructions and respond to
them through your touch-tone keypad. In addition, the system will automatically send the faxed docu-
ment to the machine from which you are calling, which means that you cannot call from a telephone and
then "program" it to send the document to your fax machine. Please use theCHIEF BBS or EFIG Web
Page to obtain documents through your computer.
Q: I'd like to keep up to dateon EFIG activities. If I call and giveyou my e-mail address, can you
put me on the EFIG List server?
A: The EFIG List server is one of our newest ways to communicate important information from the EPA's
Emission Factor and Inventory Group, and is also a way for you to automatically receive the electronic
(ASCII text) version of CHIEF Newsletter. Because the EFIG List server is on a fully automated system,
it is not possible for us to take your e-mail address and put it on the list for you. The only way for you to
getontheListserveristosubscribebysendingane-mailmessagetolistserver@unixmail.rtpnc.epa.gov
and then typing in the body of the message "subscribe CHIEF firstname lastname", using your first and
last name.
Q: Is the Air CHIEF CD-ROM version 4.0 (July 1995) the latest version? If so, when will the next
version be available?
A: Yes, version 4.0 is the latest version. Due to the Government shutdown in early 1996 and a shorter
budget, we have not been able to update the Air CHIEF CD-ROM this year. We expect to resume
development of the new Air CHIEF CD-ROM soon and hope to have a new version available by the end
of 1997. The new CD will includeTANKS 3.0, AP-42 Supplements A and B, the latestFIRE criteria and
toxic emission factors, and Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) documents.
Latest version of 1990 National Emission Inventory
The 1990 National Emission Inventory has been compiled under a joint effort by the Ozone
Transport and Assessment Group and the EPA. The latest version of this inventory is currently
available on the anonymous FTP server: earth Lepa.gov under the pub/gopher/Em is Inventory
directory (be sure to use upper/lower case letters as shown). Please review the text file
(nei90fmt.txt) for more information and notify the respective state contact listed in this file if you
have any questions regarding the specific data. If you have questions regarding the methodolo-
gies used to generate the inventory or about the data format, please call either Chet Wayland,
(919) 541-4603 or Steve Bromberg, (919) 541-1000 at EPA.
-------
Info CHIEF Update
by Angela Andrews, Lockheed Martin
The Info CHIEF help desk is always evolving. We are now constructing HTML pages for the new Emis-
sion Factor and Inventory Group (EFIG) Web Pages, converting electronic documents to Adobe Acro-
bat®, and beginning some work in Computer Based Training (CBT) for a new EFIG CD-ROM. We're still
hereto answer your phone calls (between 500 and 1000 per month), to assist you with theFax CHIEF,
the CHIEF BBS and Web Page, and EFIG software such as FIRE and TANKS. Our training classes this
year took us to Charlotte, Nashville and New Orleans; in December we'll conduct a class right here in our
office building in Research Triangle Park, NC. Ongoing projects continue as we get more sophisticated
at creating an online newsletter and better looking bro-
chures while trying to keep up with your document re-
quests and referrals. OurFax CHIEF system gets about
300-400 downloads a month, and theCHIEF BBS, FTP,
and Web Page gets about 2,500downloads a week! Your
comments are always welcome; we really enjoy serving
you. We are often tied up helping other customers, so
we encourage you to leave a message on our voice mail
if you cannot get through to us right away. We are usu-
ally able to return your call within minutes.
CALL
Info CHIEF
AT
(919) 541-5285!
Treatment of Non-Detects in Developing Emission Factors
by Roy Huntley, EFIG
When developing hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission factors for AP-42, handling non-detects can
be difficult because many of the toxics are either not present in the stack gas or they exist in concentra-
tions very near the detection limit. Although there is no true convention for this, EFIG has developed an
approach which seems fairly mainstream. Briefly, our protocol is as follows: Where analysis has been
conducted and compounds have been below detection limits, report the compound as "less than" the
detectable limit. Where compounds have been detected in some tests but not detected in other tests,
use one half of the detection limits as the value for the purposes of averaging between the two tests.
There are some finer points, and for a more in-depth discussion of this subject, chapter 4 of theProce-
dures for Preparing Emission Factor Document—an EFIG document currently under construction—will
have more details. Look for the Procedures document to be available on the CHIEF BBS and web page
in March 1997.
I Emission Factors Inventory Group!
[The CHIEF Newsletter
Volume VII, No. 4
Fall 1996
The CHIEF Newsletteris produced quarterly by the Emission Factorand
Inventory Group; Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division; of EPA's
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Its purpose is to enhance
communication within the emission factorand inventory community by pro-
viding new and useful information and by allowing for the exchange of in-
formation between and among its readers. Comments on the Newsletter
and articles for inclusion in it are welcome and should be directed to Emis-
sion Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14), US EPA, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27711; telephone (919) 541-5285.
The contents of The CHIEF Newsletterdo not necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the Agency, neither does the mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
------- |