United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of Air Quality
Planning And Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA-454/N-95-005
Volume VI, No. 4
Fall 1995
THE CHIEF
NEWSLETTER
- THE CLEARINGHOUSE FOR INVENTORIES AND EMISSION FACTORS —
EPA-AWMA EMISSION INVENTORY CONFERENCE
by J. DavidMobley, Conference Co-Chair
The fifth annual U. S. Environmental Protection Agency-
Air And Waste Management Association (EPA-AWMA) Emis-
sion Inventory Conference was held October 11-13, 1995 in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The Conference was
dedicated to the memory of Thomas F. Lahre of EPA and Robin
Jones of Midwest Research Institute, both of whom had made
significant contributions to emission inventory work during
their careers, had contributed to past EPA-AWMA emission
inventory conferences, and had planned to participate in this
year's conference. They will be missed.
The conference was a grand success, based on hallway
conversations and exit polling of attendees. There were about
300 people at the conference, with 250 present for each of the
luncheon and key note talks. Attendees were about 20% EPA,
25% state agencies, 20% contractors, 15% foreign, and 5%
each from academia, local agencies, industry, and other federal
agencies. EPA budget constraints kept away EPA personnel
from Regional Offices, Office Of Mobile Sources, and Wash-
ington, DC, and they were missed. However, a highlight of the
Conference was approximately 40 attendees representing 12
countries including Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Ger-
many, Israel, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Thai-
land, and the United Kingdom. This diversity provided an
interesting mix of differing experience and perspective on emis-
sion inventory issues and reflected the global importance of
emission inventory activities.
The keynote address was given by John S. Seitz, Director
of EPA's Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
(OAQPS). The luncheon talks were by Linda Rimer of the North
Carolina Department Of The Environment, Health, And Natural
Resources, and by Tom Helms of EPA's Ozone Policy And
Strategies Group. All three emphasized the critical role of emis-
sion inventories in developing cost-effective control strate-
gies. In this regard, the importance of timely access to data by
policy makers, the need for quality data — including good
emission factors — and the difficulty of meeting these chal-
lenges, especially during times of tight budgets, was a main
point acknowledged by each speaker. However, perhaps the
most gratifying point made was the assurance to the emission
inventory community of the importance of their work.
The Wrap-up Panel discussions were a good overview of
conference highlights and also identified the challenges of the
future. Panel moderator Bill Hunt, Director of OAQPS's Emis-
sions, Monitoring, And Analysis Division (EMAD), cited the
key challenges of improved data management, enhanced part-
nerships, improved quality assurance, and further development
of interrelationships among emission inventories, monitoring,
and modeling. These themes were echoed by most of the other
panelists, as well as most of the audience. The emission inven-
tory efforts of the Ozone Transport Commission in the North-
east, the Ozone Transport Assessment Group for the Eastern
United States, and the Emission Inventory Improvement Pro-
gram were cited as very positive developments in data manage-
ment and partnership activity. Whereas progress was also noted
in quality assurance, it was generally acknowledged that much
was still needed in this area. The desirability for uncertainty
estimates was mentioned numerous times, and more pressure
in this area seems likely.
Other noted comments included the desire for greater par-
ticipation from industry, not only at the conference itself but
also in emission factor and inventory development. Activities
also seem to be shifting toward greater emphasis on paniculate
matter (PM-10 andPM-2.5) and on air toxic emission invento-
ries. Better coordination of the disparate efforts from various
EPA, state, local, industry, and academic organizations was
noted as being especially needed. More focus on data analy-
sis — rather than data collection— was recommended. In this
regard, the need for uncertainty analysis of emission estimates
was again emphasized, as were the interrelationships of ambi-
ent monitoring, air quality modeling, and emission inventory
data. The possibility of a "shoot-out" among the candidate
emission estimation and data management software tools on
the market seemed to attract considerable interest.
The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) was
a popular topic throughout the conference and in the Wrap-up
(Cont'd. on p. 2)
1
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(Cont'd. from p. 1)
Panel discussion. It was characterized as in the "teenager"
mode, not yet mature, difficult to deal with at times, but with
lots of potential. Products are now becoming available in
draft form and interested parties from state/local agencies
and industry were solicited to review and develop these prod-
ucts further.
In summary, the conference was very successful, and its
exhibits, poster sessions, mixer, breaks, and evenings pro-
vided many opportunities for informal discussions about
emission inventory, emission factor, and data management
activities. From the theme of the meeting, "Programs And
Progress", one could conclude that emission inventory pro-
grams are quite diverse and are advancing on many fronts, na-
tionally and internationally. It was apparent that significant
progress has been made, and that this has been a good year for
progress on programs. Nevertheless, important issues remain to
be addressed, a serious challenge given the budget outlook.
The sixth annual conference is targeted for September 3-6,
1996 in New Orleans, and the seventh annual conference is
planned for October 27-31,1997 inResearch Triangle Park. Given
the successes of this forum, please make plans to attend and
present relevant information as well as to benefit from discus-
sions and presentations. js$
TRENDS REPORT is Now AVAILABLE
The Emission Factor And Inventory Group (EFIG) has
recently published the National Air Pollutant Emission
Trends, 1900-1994, EPA-454/R-95-011, October 1995. The
report contains extensive information on criteria air pollutant
emission estimates from anthropogenic sources in the United
States forthe years 1900 through 1994, along with coverage
of biogenics, global warming gases, air toxics, and interna-
tional emissions.
AHA
NATIONAL AIR POLLUTANT
EMISSION TRENDS,
1900-1994
TREND IN NATIONAL EMISSIONS
1900-1994
Additions And Improvements
This year, EFIG has added
comparisons of historical emission
trends to economic and related ac-
tivities. Included is a general dis-
cussion of important historical air
pollution regulatory efforts and
significant control milestones,
along with the likely impact of
these controls on emission levels.
These discussions, along with ex-
tensive graphs comparing emis-
sions to the gross national prod-
uct, fuel use, gasoline prices, and
other data, are included in Chap-
ter 3 of the report.
Several methodological im-
provements were made this year's
report. Methods for estimating
forest fires were updated by in-
cluding state data from 11 western states,
through the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission
(see Chapter 6). Other improvements include obtaining USD A/
Forest Service inventories of paniculate matter and prescribed
burning, using the Office Of Mobile Source 'sPARTS particu-
late model for the years 1970 through 1994, incorporating
results from EPA's Residential Wood Burning Model for the
years 1985 through 1994, and developing continuous uncon-
trolled particle size distribution data for source categories. In
addition, 1990 biogenic VOC and NOX emissions were calculated
using the newly developed Biogenic Emissions Inventory Sys-
tem — Version 2 (BEIS2). Because of the availability of more
recent field measurements, this newer version of BEIS tends to
produce higher annual fluxes of isoprene and NOxthan the ear-
lier version (see Chapter 9).
1994 Emission Estimates
Increases seen in emission estimates over last year's totals
can be attributed to economic growth, but
the high number of western forest fires also
contributed to larger totals for carbon mon-
oxide, volatile organic compounds, and
PM-10. Sulfur dioxide estimates were down
about 2% from 1993 and are expected to
continue downward through Clean Air Act
mandated programs. Nitrogen oxides saw
about a 2% increase forthe same time pe-
riod but are expected to decrease over the
next 20 years because of increased con-
trols expected on utilities and mobile
sources.
Next year's report will include 1990
emission estimates directly from approxi-
mately 50% of the states, with subsequent
years' data derived with growth factors.
Eventually, the report will be based on ac-
tual state data for all years beyond 1990.
EFIG will also be looking at more accurate
methods for calculating fugitive dust emis-
sion estimates.
Copies of the report can be obtained several ways. The
executive summary and county emission density maps can be
downloaded from the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/oar/
oarhome.html. Hard copies of the report can be obtained through
the InfoCHIEFhelp desk, (919) 541-5285, from the EPALibrary,
(919) 541 -2777, or for a fee, from the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, (800)553-6847. jS$
2
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SURFACE COAL MINE STUDY REPORTS
EFIG has recently published four reports on the development and completion of the surface coal mine study required by
Section 234 of the Clean Air Act Amendments Of 1990 (CAAA). This section required EPA to "analyze the accuracy of such
model and emission factors and make revisions as may be necessary to eliminate any significant over-prediction of air quality
effect of fugitive paniculate emissions from such sources". In response to this requirement, field and wind tunnel studies were
done over a period of two sampling seasons to probe the quality of factors and model used. As a result of these studies, several
improvements in the model have been proposed.
EFIG was responsible for determining what emission factorimprovement work could be done within the available resources,
and then for managing a program to collect data and to revise emission factors based on these data. The major portion of the
emissionfactor improvement field work was completed in Fall 1992. Four reports were developed over the life of the project and
are now available. These reports document the review of existing surface coal mining emission factors at the time of the passage
of the CAAA and describe test plan development, the plan itself, and the results of the actual field work performed.
The surface coal mining sectionof AP-42 does not yet reflect the data developed during these studies, but work is under way
to revise AP-42 to reflect the improvements. A draft revision to the section is expected to be on the CHIEF BBS for comment
early in FY 96, and comments will be solicited on that draft.
Copies of the four reports, Review Of Surface Coal Mining Emission Factors, EPA-454-R-95-007 (NTIS # PB95-226403),
Development Of A Plan For A Surface Coal Mine Study, EPA-454/R-95-008 (NTIS # PB95-221453), Surface Coal Mine Study
Plan, EPA-454/R-95-009 (NTIS # PB95-231403), wASurface Coal Mine Emission Factor FieldStudy, EPA-454/R-95-010 (NTIS
# PB95-239240), are available fora fee from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), (800) 553-6847. Forfurther
information on how to obtain these reports, contact Info CHIEF, (919)541-5285. For information on the modeling aspects of
these studies, contact Joe Touma at EPA, MD-14, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, (919) 541-5381. jsS
SECTION 105 GRANTS EMISSION
FACTOR INITIATIVE (ADOPT-A-FACTOR)
The Emission Factor Initiative, or "Adopt-A-Fac-
tor" program has been funded for FY 96 (pending defi-
nition of the final agency budget) at $4.5 million, to go
to the EPA Regional Officesfor allocation to individual
states. This funding was provided in response to an
EFIG initiative and is intended to give states specific
resources to undertake to improve the emission factors
used in inventories, permits and other emission charac-
terization needs.
The rationale for the program (with ideas on how it
may be implemented by individual regions and states)
was the subject of a discussion paper presented at the
recent Standing Air Emissions Work Group (S AEWG)
meeting in San Antonio, TX. The discussionpaper has
since been distributed to Regional emission inventory
coordinators and is on the CHIEF BBS. The paper
may be further distributed to various state and local
individuals. It encourages efforts that can be accom-
plished jointly with other states and organizations, and
it stresses the need to coordinate with EFIG to avoid
redundancy, assure procedural compatibilities, and al-
low for maximum information sharing. To get a copy of
the paper, please download from the CHIEF BBS. If
you have questions or suggestions, call Jim
Southerland, (919) 541-5523, or e-mail to southerland.jim
@ epam ailspa gov. &
NEWS FROM CANADA
Although the 1990 emission inventory of criteria air
contaminants was just recently completed, Environment
Canada, in collaboration with the Provincial Ministries Of
The Environment And Energy, is now preparing itself for
the compilation of the 1995 inventory. A new national
data base system that will integrate emissions informa-
tion, trends & forecasts, for criteria contaminants, green-
house gases, and toxic releases, is being developed to
support this update.
Emission summaries for criteria air contaminants,
greenhouse gases, and the 178 substances collected un-
der the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), can
be viewed and downloaded from the Pollution Data Branch
Internet site at www.doe.ca/pdb/doe.html.
ENVIRONMENT CANADA CONTACTS
Subject
Pollution Data Branch
Criteria Air Pollutants
Greenhouse Gases
Air Toxics (NPRI)
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Informatics/Sytems
Emission Forecasting
Contacts Telephone
Ron Solman, Chief (819)997-8545
Marc Deslauriers (819) 994-3069
Art Jaques (819) 994-3098
Franfois Lavalle (819)994-4073
Tom Furmanczyk (819)994-3128
David Allingham (819)953-1557
Libby Greenwood (819)953-1659
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/A™ CHIEFs MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Some hot topics, with information on each.
Q: I just received my new Air CHIEF CD-RONl, version
4.0. When I installed and tried to open the file for the first
time, I got the error message, "Unable to start Folio Server,
error creating file %s". Does this mean that my CD-ROM is
corrupt?
A: No, this does not mean that the CD-ROM is corrupt.
This error message will appear on certain types of computer
system or configurations — but never fear! There is a rela-
tively simple solution. All you need to do is create a "TEMP"
directory under your hard drive directory. This means that, if
your hard drive is "C:", then type "MD C:\TEMP" at the
Microsoft Disk Operating System9 (MS-DOS) prompt or cre-
ate this directory in your Windows9 File Manager. Next, edit
the "AUTOEXEC.BAT" (or "CONFIG. SYS") file so that there is
a line that reads "SET TEMP=C:\TEMP". If the configuration
already sets the TEMP directory under the WINDOWS or DOS
subdirectory, you must remove the subdirectory from the state-
ment. Then reboot your computer for these changes to take
effect, and the Air CHIEF viewer should then work properly.
Q: I have heard that there is a new version of FIRE avail-
able. Is this a Windows9 version?
A: We have just released FIRE version 5.1, but it is not in
Windows® format. It is now available on the CHIEF BBS
undermenu item "F" ("AP-42 /EF Guidance") and then under
menu item "5" ("FIRE Software System"). This is primarily a
software update with added interface features and improve-
ments, and is not compatible with existing user modules. Only
two emission factors have changed since the 5.0 release. In-
stallation of FIRE version 5.1 software will overwrite any ear-
lier software version and any earlier Criteria and Toxic Distribu-
tion modules. While this will not overwrite any earlier user-
created modules, those older modules are not compatible and
cannot be accessed with the new version 5.1 software. There-
fore, you may wish to save any existing user modules along
with the older version of the software elsewhere before install-
ing FIRE Version 5.1.
The Air CHIEF CD-ROM includes the FIRE version 5.0
infobase, which does operate under Microsoft Windows9,
therefore it's possible to obtain FIRE data using the Windows9
platform.
Q: I have heard that there is supposed to be a new version
of TANKS for Windows9 available soon. Is this true, and if so,
when will it be available?
A: We plan to come out with a new version, TANKS3,
sometime in early 1996, but it will not require Microsoft Win-
dows9 to function. We have chosen to remain with the MS-
DOS format instead. The new version of TANKS will contain
many new features, including:
• multiple data directories and merge data directories
• the ability to copy partial or full tank data without having
to create a profile
• the program will automatically perform a data quality
check on start-up and will automatically pack the data bases
on exit, which should help prevent indexing problems
• users can add, view/edit, delete, and print information
for deck fittings and rim seals
• about 70 chemicals have been added to the chemical
data base
Stay tuned to the CHIEF BBS Alerts and the CHIEF
Newsletter for announcements about the appearance of
TANKS3 on the CHIEFEBS.
Q: I have tried to use Fox CHIEFto obtain AP-42 Chap-
ter 7 on Liquid Storage Tanks, but when I dialed in the docu-
ment number, it kept saying that it was an "invalid entry".
How can I get a copy of that chapter?
A: The document number for Chapter 7 of AP-42 has
changed because we have divided it into four parts because of
its length. If you do not have the most current document
index, then you are using the wrong document number to or-
der this section, and you will receive the "invalid entry" mes-
sage. Whenever you use the Fox CHIEF, it's a good idea to
order the Document Index (document number" 1" or "000001"),
because we update it every time we make any changes in the
contents or structure of the Fox CHIEF service. If you
encounter this sort of problem again, try to correct the situa-
tion simply by getting the new Document Index before having
to call Info CHIEF. However, if you still need help, give us a
call and we will be more than happy to assist you.
More Q & As in the next issue!
Call Info CHIEF, (919) 541-5285, if you have questions!
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THE 1995 AWMA EMISSION INVENTORY CONFERENCE:
PARTICIPANTS GIVE THEIR PERSPECTIVE
"The Emission Inventory: Programs And Progress" international conference, in Research Triangle Park, NC, was a big
success, attracting attendees from federal, state and local agencies, industry and consulting firms, and others. We asked some
attendees to give us opinions on this year's emission inventory conference, and we received some enthusiastic responses and
suggestions.
The presentations seemed very well done this year. I was especially interested in the paper, "Economic,
Demographic, And Regulatory Influences On Historic Trends", by Nizich, Chappell and Bollman because it
contained a success story for EPA regulations (the effect of regulations on monitored levels of Pb [lead]). We
need to hear more of these success stories. . . . All of the panelists helped to remind us of the challenge of
pursuing quality in our data results, and, in general, putting the data that we do have to better use. But, William
Barnard, from Pechan and Associates, in his comments about information management systems software
positively galvanized me. His suggestion that AWMA and EPA organize a "software shoot-out" to compare the
available software and their various functionalities and rate them, is, I think, an excellent suggestion. It's
difficult for all the state and local agencies to have on hand the requisite expertise to make informed comparisons
and evaluations of these products. — Mike Fishburn (TNRCC)
The joint theme of the conference, "Programs And Progress", reflected well the scope of many of the
papers. Better and more detailed inventories (especially with respect to uncertainties and temporal/spatial
allocation), rather than innovative technologies and methodologies, showed the maturing of emission inventories.
In-depth presentations of fugitive dust as the major source of PM-10 in the U.S. were especially interesting to
me because of my experience in this area. — Mary Ann Grelinger (MRI)
It was a chance for the community to share views and is a forum that should be considered for the future.
The technical seminars that I attended were very good. I would encourage the conference to try to get papers that
go beyond plug and chug uses of existing regulatory data sets and models, and that deal with critical issues of
methodology (e. g., how to report variation in emissions, precision and accuracy of test methods, interpretation
of data, data transfer, etc.). —Anonymous
It was interesting to get a picture [of] how the emission inventories are managed and [are] pulled into policy
decisions. However, the information about EIIP progress and some of the computer software presentations were
the only places that I felt that industry was a part of the target audience. As always, the most useful and
enjoyable part of the conference was meeting folks from all different areas and exchanging information face to
face in a very informal way. — Donna Bust, (Naval Facilities, EFA-NW)
Overall, the conference was excellent. ... I would like to see a single, separate session next year devoted to
PM — possibly subdivided into monitoring, modeling and actual inventory issues. . . . My only negative was the
overwhelming amount of time devoted to mobile emission inventories — I would be more careful in future
conferences to prevent a single issue from dominating. — Bob Wayland (SAIC)
I was most impressed by the variety of materials presented during the Emission Conference. It is amazing
what is being accomplished. There were many presentations on studies to help develop emissions estimates and
many ways to quality assure and use the data. . . . My most memorable experience, however, was a discussion
with individuals from Canada, Austria and Australia. [They expressed to me] that whether I accepted it or not,
the US EPA was an international leader in environmental protection. . . .[and they were] amazed with how well
our states work with the US EPA and share information. . . . This experience has given me a better appreciation
of what US EPA has accomplished and our international influence. —Ellen Baldridge (US EPA)
Mike Fishburn summed up his impression of the 1995 AWMA Emission Inventory Conference this way:
I left the conference feeling energized and recommitted to another year of emissions inventory work. I was
re-convinced [that] week, with the help of my fellow professionals, that what we are doing in Emissions Inventory
is interesting, meaningful, and worthwhile. I hope that I can return next year.
The CHIEF Newsletter staff would like to thank all the respondents who gave us their input. We hope that next year's
emission inventory conference in New Orleans will prove to be as successful as this one was. See you there! _£$"
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EIIP: WHAT IT Is ... AND WHAT IT ISN'T
The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP), begun in 1993, is sponsored and funded by the State And Territorial
Air Pollution Pro gram Administrators (STAPPA) and the Association Of Local Air Pollution Control Officers (ALAPCO),with
committee membership from state and local agencies, industry, and EPA. The goal of the EIIP program is to obtain cost-effective,
reliable inventories by improving the quality of emissions data and by developing systems for collecting, calculating, storing,
and reporting these data.
Toward this goal, EIIP has license to be involved in most areas related to the emission inventory process. However,
decisions made by the EIIP Steering Committee and its Working Committees have considerably narrowed the scope of the
program. The decisions to limit the program have been based on the amount of resources available, on existing programs already
addressing various inventory issues, and on the expertise available on the various Working Committees.
EIIP has chosen to take advantage of existing information. It is not equipped to perform or sponsor research. EIIP assembles
all available information pertaining to estimating emissions from a particular source category (e. g., boilers). A committee then
chooses the most appropriate procedures, standardizes their presentation, and describes the circumstances under which it is
appropriate to use each choice. Users select which methods to use, based on particular circumstances and on the ultimate use
of the data. If a research need is identified, a request will be made on appropriate research organization.
EIIP does not develop new emission factors, neither will EIIP documents replace AP-42 (see related article, page 7). EIIP
relies on emission factors developed by other groups and made available in AP-42. Users of EIIP documents are referred to the
appropriate section(s) of AP-42 for selecting emission factors orfor detailed process information.
EIIP is developing a process for exchanging emissions data among various user groups (e. g., state to state, state to EPA,
state/EPA to the public). EIIP is not developing a data management system. EIIP data format and transfer protocol will be
independent of the sending or receiving group's data management system. An organization providing emissions data to another
group will convert its data to a standard format and then make the file available for public access. The receiving organization will
convert from the standard format to its system format and will use data as if generated internally. These procedures will allow
each group to continue using its own data management system and will require only that a converter be built to change to and
from the standard transferformat.
EIIP will provide standardization and predictability to the inventory process, while allowing an organization to meet its
needs in the most cost-effective manner. By selecting EIIP procedures, group-to-group consistency will be enhanced. Adopting
the EIIP data format and transfer protocol will expedite movement of data from location to location and will simplify data
processing. Formore information, contact Steve Bromberg, (919) 541-1000. js$
RAMP EMISSION INVENTORY UPDATE
The Russian Air Management Project (RAMP) is making great progress in the emission inventory
area. Radian Corporation has work assignments to work cooperatively with Russian officials to develop
an area source and point source inventory for a selected study area in Volgograd and then to compare
methods and results used there and the United States. The next step is working with Russian Federa-
tion authorities to determine if any of the methods used intheU. S. are valid and compatible for use
by them in their national inventory efforts. Radian is being assisted in the Volgograd portions of the
effort by Institute Agroproject, in Volgograd, and at the national level by the Scientific Research
Institute For Atmospheric Air Protection, in St. Petersburg. Both institutes are serving as Radian
subcontractors and are "privatized" institutions that were previously part of the government struc-
ture; thus, cooperation with local government officials in Volgograd and with the Ministry officials
in Moscow has been very good.
Jim Southerland, the EPA work assignment manager for the inventory work, has coordinated
closely with the Russians. He andRadian representatives have reviewed the first draft of the area
source work in St. Petersburg and have discussed steps for assisting the Russians in adopting appropriate U. S. methods and
factors to improve Russian efforts, which are nowbeing considered in the Duma (legislative body). Work is expected to continue
at least through next summer, as some potential verification sampling by Radian cannot be completed until the warmer season.
Some reports from the area and point source work done in Volgograd are expected before the end of the calendar year. These
report results are to be compatible, and in consonance, with work on "low cost measures" being done in Volgograd by Science
Application International Corporation and others. Other aspects of air quality management being studied and discussed as part
ofthe overall RAMP program. For more information, contact Jim Southerland, (919) 541-5523. js$
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DOES EIIP REPLACE AP-42?
FIRE 5.0 SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODE LIST
No! Documents produced by EIIP do not, and are not
intended to, replace the Compilation Of Air Pollutant Emis-
sion Factors, AP-42. The documents are complementary.
Upon reading, one should see little similarity between
the two documents. While both contain small amounts of
overlapping material, they are written for different purposes
and for different primary audiences. The EIIP document pre-
sents a brief overview of the process to be inventoried and
then describes input variables needed to estimate emissions.
There is a major section devoted to calculations. The EIIP
Procedures documents provide guidance on estimating emis-
sions.
The AP-42 section contains more process description
detail. It includes a complete reference section and only briefly
discusses required calculations. An analogy to comparing
the two documents would be equating DOS For Dummies
and the MS DOS Manual. DOS For Dummies is written so
that the user can make the computer work. TheDOSManual
is for those who want to understand the details of both how
and why the computer works. Similarly, the EIIP document
provides details on how, and what to do, to make an emission
estimate. AP-42 provides process information in greater de-
tail for the person requiring such knowledge.
The EIIP document provides a selection of methods for
making emission estimates and says what data are needed to
make the estimates and where needed information is found.
AP-42 is the current source of emission factors (referenced
by the EIIP documents) and is also a companion reference for
those who want a fuller description of a particular process.
It has been suggested that the two documents should
be combined. Such an action would diminish the usefulness
of each. Placing EIIP procedures in AP-42 would defeat the
purpose of providing simple, straightforward instructions.
Rather than getting brief, concise help on how to make an
emission estimate, a user would be faced with the "world's
knowledge" on a particular source. As technology allows,
though, the two documents may become electronically linked
(providing the user with the best of both).
Combining the two would also diminish the usefulness
of AP-42. Now it is considered a complete reference for emis-
sion factors. Adding calculations and other miscellaneous
information would detract from its main mission and would
make it more difficult to keep current.
Each document fills a requirement in the inventory com-
munity. The overlap in process descriptions is positive in
the sense that it bridges the two sources of information. jg$
Call Info CHIEF
at
(919)
The FIRE Version 5.0 Source Classification Code And
Emission Factor Listing For Criteria Air Pollutants, EPA-454/
R-95-012, is now available. This report provides Source Classifi-
cation Codes (SCC) and uncontrolled emission factors from the
EPA's Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) System, Version 5.0,
July 1995, for use in the estimation, storage, and retrieval of
point source data on air emissions. Codes and factors are pre-
sented for the seven criteria pollutants. This document updates
and replaces the March 1990 AIRS Facility Subsystem Source
Classification Codes And Emission Factor Listing For Crite-
ria Air Pollutants, EPA-450/4-90-003. The main goal of this
document is to assist state air pollution emission inventory per-
sonnel preparing air emissions data for submission to EPA, as
required by Part 40 of the Code Of Federal Regulations.
The FIRE version 5.0 factors, for the most part, are taken
directly from the AP-42 Fifth Edition. In certain cases, however,
they may be based on the similarity of a process to one for which
emission information does exist. Factors presented in the docu-
ment are uncontrolled, unless the SCC description specifies oth-
erwise. For both controlled and uncontrolled sources, the user
is encouraged to use any valid site-specific data before using
the average emission factors presented in the document. For a
controlled facility, it is hoped that a source test or a control
efficiency estimate would be available.
The SCC list used in this report is up to date and is compat-
ible with the point source codes used in EPA's AIRS Facility
Subsystem as of June 1995. The, AIRS Facility Subsystem isto
be periodically updated using the FIRE emission factors, and
new SCCs are also added (without emission factors) as needed.
Periodic updates of both the FIRE emission factors and the
SCC list will be on the CHIEF BBS as part of the FIRE data
base updates. To make comments, suggestions, or queries re-
gardingthe report, contact Ron Ryan, (919) 541-4330. jsS
RECENT LOSSES
We regretfully report that Robin Barker Jones, 32, of Mid-
west Research Institute passed away on July 27. Robin's family
has established a scholarship in her honor at North Carolina
State University, administered by Thomas Worth, P. O. Box 5281,
Greensboro, NC 27435. Robin was the project leader for the
development of, and technical support for, the TANKS database.
Robin will be greatly missed professionally and personally, and
our sympathies go to her surviving family members.
We also sadly note the sudden passing, on Aug. 19th, of
Tom Lahre, 48, a long time OAQPS colleague known to many
readers of this Newsletter. Tom gave a score of years to the
Agency in several important positions, including staffing AP-42
and launching the Locating And Estimating series of toxic pol-
lutant documents. Our sympathies go to his widow, Linda, and
to their daughter, Kirsten. &
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f/EPA
UNITED STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EMISSION FACTOR AND INVENTORY GROUP (MD-14)
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27711
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EFIG
Emission Factor And Inventory Group
The CHIEF Newsletter is produced quarterly by the Emission Factor And Inventory
Group; Emissions, Monitoring, And Analysis Division; of EPA's Office Of Air Quality
Planning And Standards. Its purpose is to enhance communication within the emission
factor and inventory community by providing new anduseful information and by allowing
for the exchange of information between and among its readers. Comments on the
Newsletter and articles for inclusion in it are w elcome and should be directed to Emission
Factor And Inventory Group (MD-14), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
telephone (919) 541-5493.
The contents o/The CHIEF Newsletter do not necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Agency, neither does the mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
The CHIEF Newsletter
Volume VI, No. 4
Fall 1995
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