United States Office Of Air Quality EPA454/N-96-003
Environmental Protection Planning And Standards Volume VTI, No. 3
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Summer 1996
THE CHIEF NEWSLETTER
— THE CLEARINGHOUSE FOR INVENTORIES AND EMISSION FACTORS —
Table of Contents
(click on title)
Emission Inventory Conference To Be Held In New Orleans 1
Emission Factors and Inventories Featured
at A&WMA's Annual Meeting in Nashville 2
AP-42 Supplement B Sections Available! 3
EFIG Hangs Ten on the 'Net! 4
CHIEF on the New TTN BBSWeb Site 5
EFIG Staff Receive Award From A&WMA 5
1996 Periodic Emission Inventory 5
1990 O3/CO SIP Emission Inventories on CD-ROM 6
Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 6
Info CHIEFS Most Frequently Asked Questions 7
EFIG Compiles the National Air Toxic Inventory 8
EFIG Projects on the Horizon 9
OTAG Emission Inventory 9
National Emission Trends CD-ROM Viewer 10
PAMS Could Benefit Emission Inventories . .10
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Emission Inventory Conference To Be Held In New Orleans
by Bill Palermo, Louisiana Section of the A&WMA
The Emission Inventory: Key to Planning, Permits, Compliance & Reporting to be held September 4-
6,1996 in New Orleans, Louisiana is the sixth in a new series of Emission Inventory specialty conferences
that are targeted toward those who prepare emission estimates for facilities or other affected operations.
The conference is sponsored jointly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Air &
Waste Management Association (A&WMA). Itwill be of value to agency personnel responsible for review-
ing facility inventories and will also be a useful forum for the exchange of ideas and information on the use
of emission data between EPA, state/local agencies, industry, and the public.
Conference & Course Registration
Full registration to the conference in-
cludes admission to the technical sessions,
the exhibition, two lunches, the Wednesday
evening reception, refreshment breaks and a
copy of the conference proceedings. One-
day continuing education course registration
includes a course manual, lunch and refresh-
ment breaks. Half-day course registration in-
cludes a course manual and morning refresh-
ments. Discounted advance registration fees
are available to registrations (and fees) received
before August 12,1996. Information and reg-
istration forms can be obtained from the
A&WMA Registrar at (412) 232-3445 or (412)
232-3444, extension 3142.
Hotel Information
The conference will be held at the
DoubleTree Hotel, 300 Canal Street, New Or-
leans, LA 70130. Make reservations directly
with the hotel by calling (504) 581-1300. Single
and double occupancy is $95, plus applicable
taxes. A limited number of rooms are avail-
able at the government rate. The conference
rate is available three days before and three
days after the conference. To ensure avail-
ability and rate, make your reservations before
August 12,1996. After that date, the reserved
hotel block will be released for general sale.
Be sure to mention the A&WMA Emission In-
ventory conference to receive the reduced rate.
— Session topics —
Implementing Federal & State Legislation
Role of Inventories in Permits
Collecting & Managing Emission Data
Preparation of Industrial Emission Factors &
Estimates
Electronic Data Processing & Computerized Tools
MotorVehicle Emissions
Tools for Use in Emission Inventory Development
International Emissions Programs
Air Toxics
Air Quality Modeling Emission Inventories
— Course Information —
In conjunction with the conference, the Air &
Waste Management Association is offering four
leading-edge continuing education courses on
Tuesday, September 3, 1996. The courses have
been chosenfortheirtimeliness, content, instruc-
tors and relevance to the needs of today's environ-
mental professional.
AIR-151: Introduction to Emission Inventory
Concepts (half day course)
AIR-152: Overview of EPA Air Emission Tools
(one-day course)
AIR-153: Estimating VOC Emissions from
Petroleum Industry Sources (one-
day course)
AIR-154: Estimating Evaporative Emissions
from Storage Tanks (one-day course)
Mississippi Riverboat Dinner/Jazz Cruise
A special optional event has been planned for Thursday evening, September 5. Come aboard for a
share of history and heritage on a Mississippi River excursion right to the heart of the signature culture and
lifestyle of New Orleans and Louisiana. Buses will depart from the hotel at 6:00 pm for cruising from 7:00-
9:00 pm. The cost for this unique event is $35 per person and includes riverboat cruise, creole-style
dinner, jazz music and transportation to and from the hotel.
(Cont. on p. 3)
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New Orleans (cont. from p. 2)
New Orleans Attractions
New Orleans is an internationally recognized top convention and tourist des-
tination offering some of the world's finest cuisine and restaurants. It has nation-
ally recognized tourist attractions such as the zoo and Aquarium of the Ameri-
cas, jazz, cajun and blues clubs, the historic French Quarter and a history rich
with multi-cultural influences. For international visitors, Louisiana offers tax free
shopping. New Orleans is also a port for cruise lines offering Caribbean cruises,
normally with Saturday departures. Information about New Orleans found on the
Internet at http://www.nawlins.com. Take advantage of the availability of the
special hotel rate before or after the conference to fully enjoy the culture and
ambience of the city of New Orleans.
Emission Factors and Inventories Featured
at A&WMA's Annual Meeting in Nashville
by Bill Barnard, E. H. Pechan and Associates, Inc.
The Air & Waste Management Association's (A&WMA) 89th Annual Meeting & Exhibition was held in
Nashville, Tennessee on June 24-28th. Sessions relevant to emission factors and inventories included
information about VOC and Hazardous Emissions Controls, Control of Toxic Particulates, Biological Treat-
ment of Gaseous Emissions, Fugitive Emissions from Contaminated Water and Surface Soils, Emission
Factors from Defense Operations, PM-10 (and Smaller) Emission Factors and Inventories, Innovative
Emission Estimation from Stationary Sources, and Air Emissions—Characterization at Chemical and
Petroleum Sources.
The session on PM-10 (and Smaller) Emission Factors and Inventories was particularly well at-
tended. The session was held over two days and included a total of 13 papers related to various aspects
of PM-10 emissions. Several paper presentations addressed innovative methods for controlling or as-
sessing controls on fugitive dust sources. These papers included assessments of street sweeping of
blowsand in the western U.S., increasing the control efficiency of sweeping operations following road
sanding and salting operations by using magnesium chloride as a de-icing/binding agent on paved roads,
and an assessment of the emissions from paved and unpaved roads, including the first evaluation of
emissions from unpaved shoulders next to paved roadways. Innovative controls of windblown dust areas
in the western U.S. were presented along with new information concerning the PM-2.5/PM-10 ratio for
various fugitive dust sources.
Reprints of all papers presented at the A&WMA annual meeting are available from A&WMA, and for
the first time ever, the entire set of reprints can be obtained on CD-ROM. For more information, call the Air
& Waste Management Association at (412) 232-3444, extension 3142.
AP-42 Supplement B Sections Available!
EFIG now has AP-42 Supplement B sections available on the CHIEF BBS and Fax CHIEF.
New, complete Supplement B sections that are currently available include: 9.7—Cotton Ginning;
11.7—Ceramic Clay Manufacturing; and 12.20—Electroplating. Sections 9.12.1—Malt Bev-
erages and 11.23—Taconite Ore Manufacturing are expected to be available in August. These
sections can be found under the "Supplement A & B to 5th Edition" menu item under the "AP-42"
menu item on the CHIEF BBS. Also look for a new draft section on Wood Preserving under the
"Draft Sections Under Review" menu item. If you have questions, call Info CHIEF, (919) 541-5285.
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EFIG Hangs Ten
on the 'Net!
The Emission Factor and Inventory Group (EFIG) has joined the revolution of the Information Age
and is making waves on the Internet World Wide Web! EFIG now has several web pages to make access
to our publications and software faster and easier. Many of you may already be reading this newsletter
online from our CHIEFNewsletterweb page, (http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/chiefnl.html) and we
hope that more Internet users will discover this convenient way to stay abreast of emission factor and
inventory news. Here is a brief overview of what we have available so far.
Emission Estimation Tools Page
The EFIG Emission Estimation Tools Page gives an overview of tools that EFIG provides to the
public for estimating air emissions from stationary sources. This page includes links to the Factor Infor-
mation Retrieval (FIRE) database, which contains emission factor and Source Classification Code (SCC)
information, and the TANKS database, a calculation program for estimating volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions from storage tanks. There is also a link to the CHIEF Newsletter and will soon be a link
to the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) document. The Emission Estimation Tools
Page can be found at http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/tools.html.
National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Report Page
One of EFIG's most popular documents, The National Air Pollutant Emission Trends, 1900-1994,
is now available in its entirety on the web. This document primarily summarizes national data concerning
criteria air pollutants (NOx, SOx, VOC, particulate matter, and CO) and also gives information about non-
attainment areas, airtoxics, and CORINAIR (European atmospheric inventory). The National Air Pollutant
Emission Trends report can be found at http://www.epa.gov/oar/emtrnd94/emtrnd94.html.
The Ultimate Truth Web Page
The Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG) has compiled an emission inventory database
consisting of data submitted by state agencies, which offers complete VOC, NOx, and CO county level
inventory for each state in the United States. This database is called "TuT", or The Ultimate Truth, and is
broken into two parts, the Point Source File and the Area/Mobile Source file. If you are interested in
obtaining this information, go to http://www.epa.gov/tut/index.html.
The El IP Web Page
The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) is a jointly sponsored effort of STAPPA/
ALAPCO (state and local agency associations) and EPA, and is an outgrowth of the Standing Air Emis-
sions Work Group (SAEWG). The EIIP Steering Committee and technical committees are composed of
state, local, and EPA representatives. EFIG is currently working on a web page that will give information
about this program and provide links to EIIP documents. Stay tuned to the EFIG web pages and the CHIEF
BBS to find out more!
We realize that there are currently a lot of addresses to remember to get to all the EFIG web pages.
We are working to link all of this information (including a link to the TTN BBSWeb—see next page) to a
single EFIG home page, which will make finding information about emission inventories and factors much
easier on the Internet.
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CHIEF on the New TIN BBSWeb Site
The CHIEF BBS, as part of the OAQPS TIN, has a new address! We are pleased to announce the
opening of an Internet World Wide Web (WWW) site on Monday, July 15th. The web site is the final piece
of a whole new information system — TTN2000. TTN2000 consists of three main services: the TIN BBS,
the TIN FTP site, and the new TTN2000 web site. From the user's viewpoint, this means that users can
now access the TIN by FTP, through the World Wide Web, or as the bulletin board that has been available
for years now. Each component of the TTN2000 system is tied to a central filebase,
so you can be assured of getting the same files, regardless of how you access
us. We have recreated the TTN BBS in the WWW medium as the "TTN
BBSWeb". You will instantly recognize the structure of the current BBS, but
with "point and click" menus and download areas.
The TTN2000 web site is online at http://ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov, ex-
cept during the maintenance period (Mondays, 8:00 am to 12:00 pm EST).
Please contact the TTN help desk at (919) 541-5384 if you have questions or
comments.
EFIG Staff Receive Award From A&WMA
by Tom Pace, EFIG
Please join us in congratulating both Jim Southerland and Tom Pace, who were recently named
Fellow Members at the Air & Waste Management Association's (A&WMA) Annual Meeting in Nashville in
June.
Tom has been with EFIG since September, 1994 and works on a variety of emission factor and
inventory projects. Prior to joining EFIG, Tom initiated and managed the Russia Air Management Program
(RAMP), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards' (OAQPS) assistance program to help Russia
improve its air management approach and capabilities. Tom has been in OAQPS for 22 years and has
spent most of his time working on technical and implementation aspects of particulate matter.
Jim retired from EPA in Spring 1996. He spent 29 years in Federal Service and joined EPA when it
was formed in 1970. He is currently with the Air Quality Division of the North Carolina Department of
Environmental Health and Natural Resources in Raleigh, NC. After several field assignments, Jim began
working on the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42 and is generally regarded as the
"godfather" of that document. His most recent accomplishment was to shepherd the publication of the
AP-42, Fifth Edition.
1996 Periodic Emission Inventory
by Bill Kuykendal, EFIG
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments established the requirement for periodic emission inventories
for ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas. The next of these periodic inventories are due for
1996. The Emission Factor and Inventory Group (EFIG), in cooperation with the EPA Regional Offices, is
developing guidance material that will detail specific requirements for these inventories. A key item under
development is an Action Plan which will detail schedules and responsibilities for the various parties to
ensure a smooth process in the submission and review of these inventories and accompanying data. EPA
plans to use the data collected to update information in the National Emission Trends database. States will
be encouraged to report statewide emissions data where available in addition to the required reporting for
nonattainment areas. These inventories will offer the first opportunity to apply the emission inventory
procedures developed under the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP).
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1990 OS/CO SIP Emission Inventories on CD-ROM
by David Misenheimer, EFIG
In response to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, a large effort was devoted to preparing 1990
baseline emission inventories (El) for ozone and carbon monoxide State Implementation Plans (SIP).
1990 El's for nonattainment areas in Connecticut, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Rhode
Island, Texas, and Tennessee (Nashville only) can now be obtained on a single Compact Disc-Read Only
Memory (CD-ROM) disk.
Contained on the 1990 SIP El CD-ROM is documentation describing how the inventory was pre-
pared, summary results of the inventory, detailed emissions data (where available), and MOBILE model
input and output (where available). The inventory information is formatted with the Folio® Infobase Viewer
software which operates in the Microsoft Windows® environment. In addition to supporting on-screen
viewing, the Folio® Viewer software supports printing, word searches, and insertion of notes and book-
marks in a "shadow-file" format. Data and text files are also included on the 1990 SIP El CD-ROM in their
native format.
Minimum equipment requirements to operate the 1990 SIP El CD-ROM include a computer with a
486 processor running at 33 megahertz with 6 megabytes extended memory, a CD-ROM drive, an inter-
face card, Microsoft® CD-ROM Extensions, and vendor-specific drivers and other files for operation of the
CD-ROM drive. The Emission Inventory CD-ROM runs on Microsoft Windows® Version 3.0 or later and
requires a mouse for effective operation.
Copies of the 1990 SI P El CD-ROM will be available by September. Because of budget shortfalls,
there are no plans to add additional emission inventories to the CD-ROM.
Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)
by Steve Bromberg, EFIG
The Emission Inventory Improvement Program is beginning a series of
meetings across the country to acquaint the inventory community with proce-
dures developed by its committees. EPA Regional Offices will be hosting these
meetings. The day-long session will concentrate on presentations describing
how to use and implement EIIP documents. Meetings have been scheduled in
Regions 6, 9, and 10. Additional meetings will be scheduled as time and re-
sources permit.
As part of the EIIP outreach program, in addition to the Regional Office meetings, a series of introduc-
tory materials will be prepared and mailed to the inventory community. The first two issues will describe
the overall EIIP program, its goals, and the importance of the Program to being able to develop an inventory
of known quality and consistency. Subsequent issues will feature articles from each of the operating
committees. The articles are intended to raise the awareness of the importance of having defensible
emission estimates and how the EIIP approach can assist in meeting this need.
EIIP is preparing to publish its completed documents by the end of the calendar year. Current esti-
mates are that the entire set will contain approximately 2500 pages. Because of the expense of printing
such a large volume, and because the document will be continuously updated as new chapters are added
and improvements made to current procedures, alternate means are being investigated for distributing the
material. An Ell P Home Page is currently under development and new material is expected to be available
for downloading from the Internet by the end of 1996.
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/nfo CHIEFs Most Frequently Asked Questions
Ca// (Sfity 541-5285 or e-mail info.chief@epamail.epa.gov
if you have questions!
Q: While trying to enter TANKS 3.0, I got an error message that said "Unable to open program
databases". How can I get back into the program without losing my data?
A: Sometimes the TANKS 3.0 program will "crash" due to negative or zero value data or a computer
system failure (such as a power outage) will cause damage to some TANKS 3.0 index files. If you are
unable to get into the TANKS program as a result of this, you will need to manually delete the index
(*.CDX) files from the DATA andTANKDATA subdirectories (you may also need to delete the *.CDX files
from user-created directories). Once these files have been deleted, the system will then automatically
recreate the index files when you re-enter the system. As a rule of thumb, it is a good idea to save the data
files (*.DBF) from these subdirectories to a temporary directory outside of the TANKS3 directory. This will
ensure that you do not lose any data, and if deleting the *.CDX files does not work, you can reinstall
TANKS 3.0 and then import the *.DBF files back into the reinstalled copy. If you do not feel comfortable
with following these instructions, you can always call the Info CHIEF help desk and we will "walk" you
through the procedure.
Q: Why does the TANKS 3.0 program give me a vapor pressure error?
A: The program cannot handle liquids with a vapor pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure
because this means that they are boiling. Conversely, the vapor prerssure of a liquid in a fixed roof tank
may be too low for the program to handle. If this is the problem, try setting the pressure/vacuum vents to
zero.
Q: How can I get training for EPA electronic emission estimation tools, such as>4/r CHIEF?
A: EFIG and/nfo C/-//EFstaff always conduct a training course at the Air & Waste Management Association's
(A&WMA) Annual Meeting and the A&WMA/EPA Emission Inventory Conference. We also provide train-
ing to EPA Regional Offices when funding allows. For the remainder of the year, we have plans to conduct
training at the A&WMA/EPA Emission Inventory Conference in New Orleans, LA on September 3 (see
page 1) and regional/state training in Raleigh, NC on December 1. We also have tentative plans to do a
training session in Charlotte, NC for the Carolinas Environmental School, sponsored by the Charlotte
Chamber of Commerce in early October. We can provide training to agencies that can provide funding;
if you are interested, please call Info CHIEF for information.
Q: When will the next version of the Air CHIEF CD-ROM be available, and will it include Supple-
ment A for AP-42?
A: Unfortunately, EFIG has experienced setbacks due to budgetary constraints and will not be able to fund
the production of a new version of Air CHIEF this year. We expect to produce a new version of Air CHIEF
sometime around Fall 1997, which will include Supplement A and B for AP-42, TANKS 3.0, the latest
version of FIRE, and the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (ElIP) documents. Check the CHIEF
BBS, the listserver, web pages and this newsletter for more information in the future.
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EFIG Compiles the National Air Toxic Inventory
by Anne A. Pope, EFIG and Darcy Wilson, Eastern Research Group
A National Toxics Inventory (NTI) of U.S. HAP emissions was developed and is maintained by EPA's
Emission Factor and Inventory Group (EFIG) to meet requirements in the Clean Air Act (CAA). The CAA,
as amended in 1990, requires the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop significant new
air quality programs and enhance existing programs for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). These pro-
grams require inventory data to identify sources and to assess the public health and environmental im-
pacts of HAPs. The NTI will support EPA efforts to meet the mandates of 1990 Amendments to the CAA,
such as:
* Evaluation of health and environmental effects in support of emission standards development
* Assessment of petitions for HAP source category and pollutant additions or deletions
* Evaluation of source categories and HAPs related to development of special studies (Mercury
Study, Utility Study)
* Identification of source categories of seven listed HAPs to develop standards under Title III, Section
* Assessment of health effects and health risks associated with emissions standards (residual risk)
* Characterization of the nature and magnitude of the air toxics problems in urban areas under Title
III, Section 112(k)
* Development of national and regional strategies and programs for air quality management based
on assessments of health and ecological effects and exposure and risk (Great Waters Program,
etc.)
* Tracking of ozone depleting substances under Title VI.
EFIG is including NTI data in its 1996 TRENDS report. Other potential stakeholders include state and
local agencies, regional authorities, general public, and industry and trade associations. The data needed
to support the many air toxics programs can be shared between stakeholders. For example, data gath-
ered to develop emission standards (MACT) for an industry may be used to assess air toxics emissions in
urban areas, or assist a facility in developing its Title V permit. Alternatively, facility-specific information
provided by a facility in its Title V permit may be used by EPA to estimate emissions for an entire source
category.
The NTI contains estimates of mobile and stationary source emissions. Emissions are allocated at
the county level in the inventory. Approximately 350 pollutants and 800 source categories are included in
the inventory. Source specific data are used when available. EFIG has obtained state and local invento-
ries to incorporate into the NTI. Version 2.0 of the NTI contains inventory data from the California Hot Spots
Program (point source), Chicago five county/Illinois area source inventory, Puget sound area source in-
ventory, Houston area source inventory (HASTE), and recent Phoenix and Tucson inventories (point, area,
& mobile sources). When state and local inventory data are unavailable, data used to develop MACT
standards are incorporated for selected source categories (glycol dehydrators, pulp & paper, petroleum
refinery, utility data, consumer solvents, etc.). The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data are used if state and
local inventory and MACT data are unavailable. If these three sources of HAP data are unavailable, then
estimates are generated using emission factors and source activity data. The NTI is a work in progress
(Cont. on p. 9)
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Air TOXiCS (Cont. from p. 8)
and additional data to improve NTI estimates include MACTand state and local inventory data and Title V
permit data. Other potential improvements to the NTI include gap-filling in source/pollutant data, and better
correlation between monitoring and emission inventory data.
Version 2.Oof the NTI estimates that 4.4 million tons of HAPs(listof 189 as defined under Title III of
CAA) are released to the air. Areas sources account for approximately 31 percent of HAP emissions,
mobile sources account for 39 percent of HAP emissions, and point sources account for 30 percent of
HAP emissions. TRI data in NTI account for only approximately 15 percent of the total 4.4 million tons
emissions of HAPs. The use of non-TRI data has been particularly important in presenting a more com-
plete picture of the magnitude and contributing sources of HAP emissions.
EFIG Projects on the Horizon
by Roy Huntley, EFIG
The EFIG staff is continually revising and updating the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
(AP-42) and the Locating and Estimating (L&E) document series on air toxics. Below are some brief
descriptions of projects that are currently funded. We always welcome comments about the value of our
efforts, and we especially welcome data. Call Info CHIEF, (919) 541-5285 for questions or comments.
Projects currently underway:
New Starts:
Abrasive Blasting
Alumina
Arsenic L&E document
Bread Baking
Brick & Related Clay Products
Coke Production
Distilled Liquors
FIRE Update
Grain Elevators
Hot Mix Asphalt
Lead L&E document
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
Organic Liquid Storage (TANKS)
Paved Roads
Surface Coal Mining
Unpaved Roads
Mercury L&E document
Update Internal Combustion Engines
Update Natural Gas Combustion
Update Boiler NOx (emission factors
from the Acid Rain Program)
Steel Manufacturing
OTAG Emission Inventory
by Steve Bromberg
The OTAG Emission Inventory Workgroup is nearing completion of its effort. As the data are begin-
ning to be used by the Modeling Workgroup, some errors are being discovered. When these are brought
to the attention of the respective states, corrections are made and the revised data are incorporated into
the inventory. Version 3 is now the latest OTAG inventory available. It can be downloaded from the FTP
site earth1.epa.gov in the directory /pub/gopher/Emislnventory.
The A&WMA/EPA Emission Inventory Speciality
Conference to be held in September will feature a ses-
sion that describes how the inventory was developed,
the development of future year inventories based on the
1990 data, and how state data were combined with the
EPA Interim Inventory to build the OTAG 1990 Base In-
ventory. A separate OTAG publication that provides de-
tails for all of the inventory activities should be completed
by the end of 1996.
9
CALL
MF0 CMC?
AT
(919) 541-5285!
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National Emission Trends CD-ROM Viewer
by Bill Barnard, E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc.
Through a contract with E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., EFIG has developed a CD-ROM version
of summary level data from EPA's National Emissions Trends data base. The National Emission Trends
CD-ROM Viewer was developed to provide easy access to summary emissions data. Emissions for the
years 1985-1994 are stored by tier category and by Standard Industrial Class (SIC) at the county, nonat-
tainmentarea, state, and national levels.
Software developed using Microsoft Access® allows the user to generate emission reports, by choosing
the source-type grouping (SIC, Tier 1, etc.), geographic basis (county, state, etc.), year, or report destina-
tion (screen, file, or printer). The summary emission tables may also be exported into dBase IVs format.
Although the summary tables contain data formultiple years, users may opt to export a single year's data,
rather than all years. The first edition of the CD-ROM viewer should be available in August or September.
PAMS Could Benefit Emission Inventories
by Tom Pace, EFIG
The Photochemical Assessment Monitoring System (PAMS) fulfills a requirement of the 1990 Clean
Air Act (CAA) to monitor ozone and its precursors in ozone nonattainment areas with the most difficult
problems. In this monitoring system, ozone, ground level and upper air meteorology, and 55 species of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) are routinely measured at 3 or 4 sites per metropolitan area. The
potential benefits to the VOC and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission inventory programs are significant. The
55 species include key tracers for biogenic and mobile source emissions and the meteorological informa-
tion permits comparison between the inventory and measurements of key species emitted from major
sources. More elegant mathematical procedures such as the Chemical Mass Balance can also be used
to interpret the data.
In July 1996, the first of a series of workshops was held in Philadelphia to discuss ways in which
emission inventories and other ozone issues could benefit from analysis of the PAMS data. The work-
shop was quite successful and similar workshops are planned to be held in Boston and New Orleans in
the near future. Contact Tom Pace, (919) 541-5634, Mark Schmidt, (919) 541-2416 or James Hemby,
(919) 541-5459 for more information.
Emission Factor And Inventory Group
The CHIEF Newsletter
Volume VH, No. 3
Summer 1996
The CHIEF Newsletter is produced quarterly by the Emission
Factor and Inventory Group; Emissions, Monitoring, and Analy-
sis Division; of EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Stan-
dards. Its purpose is to enhance communication within the emis-
sion factor and inventory community by providing new and use-
ful information and by allowing for the exchange of information
between and among its readers. Comments on the Newsletter
and articles for inclusion in it are welcome and should be di-
rected to Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14), US EPA,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone (919) 541-5285.
The contents of The CHIEF Newsletter do not necessarily re-
flect the views and policies of the Agency, neither does the men-
tion of trade names or commercial products constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for use.
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