FY 2009
EPA Budget in Brief

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             United States Environmental Protection Agency
               Office of the Chief Financial Officer (271OA)
                Publication Number:  EPA-205-S-08-001
                            February 2008
                          www.epa.gov/ocfo
Recycled/Recycleable Printed on 100% Post-consumer, Process Chlorine Free Recycled Paper

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                       Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview:
Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview.
Goals:
Goal 1: Clean Air And Global Climate Change	1
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water	7
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration	11
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems	17
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship	27

Appendices:
Categorical Grants Program	A-1
Infrastructure Financing	B-1
Trust Funds	C-1
Budget Tables:
   Agency Resources by Appropriation	D-1
   Agency Resources by Goal	D-2
   Program Projects	D-3
List of Acronyms	E-1

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Page Intentionally Blank

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                                          Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
                                 EPA's Mission

      The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect and safeguard
human health and the environment. This budget supports the Administration's commitment to
environmental results as we work to increase the pace of improvement and identify  new and
better ways to carry out our mission. It also emphasizes the need for sound management of our
federal resources, as delineated in the President's Management Agenda.
       Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification


      The EPA's Fiscal  Year (FY) 2009 Annual  Performance Plan  and  Congressional
Justification requests  $7.1  billion  in  discretionary budget  authority and 17,217 Full  Time
Equivalents (FTE). This request reflects the Agency's efforts to work with its partners towards
protecting air, water, and land,  as well as providing for EPA's role in safeguarding the nation
from terrorist  attacks.  This request echoes the Administration's  commitment to setting  high
environmental protection standards,  while focusing on results and  performance, and achieving
goals outlined in the President's Management Agenda.

      The budget builds on EPA's long record of accomplishments since its founding 37 years
ago. The agency and nation as a whole has achieved enormous successes. This budget builds
on these successes  by strengthening  our geographic initiatives, better leveraging our nation's
resources, strengthening citizen involvement, maintaining our enforcement capabilities,  and
implementing the President's commitment to efficiently manage Federal resources.

Homeland Security

      Following the cleanup and decontamination efforts of  2001, the Agency has focused on
ensuring we have the tools and protocols needed to detect and recover quickly from deliberate
incidents.    The  emphasis  for FY 2009  is  on  several   areas:  biodefense  research,
decontaminating  threat agents, protecting  our water and food supplies, and  ensuring trained
personnel and key lab capacities are in place to be drawn upon in the event of multiple incidents
of national significance.  Part of these FY 2009 efforts will  continue  to include activities that
support the Water Security Initiative (WSI) and assist in improving response capabilities through
specialized Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)  training, state-of-the-art field and analytical
equipment, and increased technical knowledge relating to chemical, biological, and radiological
substances.

Human Capital

      EPA will continue to develop workforce planning strategies that link current and future
Human Capital needs  to mission accomplishment  which will result in significant reductions in
skills gaps for Mission Critical Occupations. In addition, EPA's recruitment strategy will focus on
hiring needs that will encourage the use of hiring flexibilities,  build on centralized  and local
                                                                                  in

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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
recruitment approaches,  and focus on attracting applicants who are talented, diverse  and
committed to  EPA's mission. In part, EPA also will continue to target developmental resources
to retain a highly-skilled and results-oriented workforce with the right mix of technical expertise,
professional experience and leadership capabilities. A sound, sustained and strategic approach
toward Human Capital will assure EPA and its workforce has sustained mission success.

Workforce

       EPA values its world class workforce and its expertise enables us to meet our urgent
responsibilities across a broad  range of national and local environmental  issues. In FY 2009,
we  are making adjustments to  EPA's workforce management strategy that will  help us better
align resources, skills, and Agency priorities.  A  key step in  this  adjustment is  improving the
alignment between the total number of positions authorized and actual FTE utilization.  As such,
in FY 2009 EPA proposes to reduce its Agency authorized FTE ceiling by approximately 89.5
positions (below the FY 2008  Enacted FTE Ceiling) to 17,217, which is consistent with the
Agency's historical FTE levels.  The result of these reductions will not impede Agency efforts to
maximize efficiency and  effectiveness in carrying out  its  programs and  will not result in an
overall change in the number of FTEs at EPA.
IV

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                                      Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
             Environmental Protection Agency's
                 Resources by Major Category
                                (Dollars in Billions)
                          D Operating Programs
                          D Trust Funds
                          D Infrastructure Financing
  $9.0


  $8.0


  $7.0


  $6.0


  $5.0


  $4.0


  $3.0


  $2.0


  $1.0


  $0.0

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Annual Performance Plan and Budget Overview
 Goal 4
 16.7%
    Goal3
    23.6%
               Environmental Protection Agency's
                     FY 2009 Budget by Goal

                       Total Agency: $7,143 Million

                   Goal 5
                   10.5%
Goall
 13.1%
        Goal 2
        36.1%
            E3 Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
            ffl Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
            D Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
            D Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
            H Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds
VI

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                                           Goal 1:  Clean Air and Global Climate Change
       Goal 1:  Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Strategic Goal:  Protect and improve the air so it is healthy to breathe and risks to
human health and the environment are reduced. Reduce greenhouse gas intensity by
enhancing partnerships with businesses and other sectors.
                                               Resource Summary
                                                      ($ in 000)

1
2
3
4
5
6

^^"
13.1% of Budget
- Healthier Outdoor Air
- Healthier Indoor Air
- Protect the Ozone Layer
- Radiation
- Reduce Greenhouse Gas Intensity
- Enhance Science and Research
Goal 1 Total *
FY 2008
President's
Budget
$587,200
$45,842
$17,121
$39,086
$122,820
$98,297
$910,365
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget
$644,091
$45,582
$16,865
$38,254
$130,092
$96,855
$971,739
FY 2009
President's
Budget
$616,456
$43,502
$17,464
$41,397
$121,063
$98,700
$938,582
Difference
FY 2008EN
to FY 2009
PresBud
-$27,635
-$2,080
$598
$3,143
-$9,029
$1,845
-$33,157
Workyears **
2610.1
2608.8
2628.1
19.3
* Numbers may not add due to rounding
** Agency authorized FTE levels are being aligned with actual utilization. See workforce section in the
overview.

      EPA implements  the Clean Air and Global Climate Change goal through national and
regional  programs designed to provide healthier outdoor and indoor  air for all Americans,
protect the stratospheric ozone  layer, minimize the risks from radiation releases,  reduce
greenhouse gas intensity, and enhance science and research. These programs are all founded
on  several common principles:  using health  and  environmental  risks  to  set  priorities,
streamlining programs through regulatory reforms;  encouraging market-based approaches;
facilitating  deployment of cost-effective technologies; promoting energy efficiency and clean
energy supply; using sound science,  and  maintaining partnerships with states, Tribes, local
governments, non-governmental organizations, and industry.

      EPA's key clean  air programs  - including those addressing particulate matter,  ozone,
acid rain, air toxics, indoor air, radiation and stratospheric ozone depletion - focus on some of
the  highest health and  environmental risks faced  by the  Agency.   These programs have
achieved results.  Every year, state and Federal air pollution programs established under the

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Goal 1:  Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Clean Air Act prevent tens  of thousands  of premature  mortalities, millions of incidences of
chronic and acute illness, tens of thousands of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, and
millions of lost work days.

Clean Air Rules

      The Clean Air Rules are a major component of EPA work under Goal 1, and include a
suite  of  actions that  will dramatically improve America's  air quality.  Three  of  the  rules
specifically address the transport of pollution across state borders (the Clean Air Interstate Rule,
the Clean Air Mercury Rule and  the  Clean  Air Nonroad Diesel Rule). These rules  provide
national tools to achieve significant improvement in air quality and the associated benefits of
improved health, longevity and quality of life for all Americans. In FY 2009, EPA will continue to
work with the states and industry to implement these rules.

      In addition to the Clean Air Rules,  EPA will address emission  reductions through the
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grants program  authorized  in sections 791-797 of the  Energy
Policy Act of 2005.  This program will provide immediate emission reductions from existing
diesel engines through engine  retrofits, rebuilds and replacements, switching to cleaner  fuels,
idling reduction strategies and other clean  diesel strategies that can reduce particulate matter
(PM) emissions up to 95 percent, smog-forming emissions, such as hydrocarbons and nitrogen
oxide, up to 90 percent and  greenhouse gases up to  20  percent. In FY 2009, EPA will  issue
and manage various categories of Diesel Emission Reduction grants, including grants to target
diesel emissions in ports.

Energy

      The Administration has a diverse portfolio of  policy measures - including mandatory,
incentive-based, and  voluntary programs -  to  meet the  President's goal  to  reduce the
greenhouse  gas (GHG) intensity of the U.S. economy by 18 percent by 2012.  The  President
has set a goal of reducing U.S. gasoline usage by 20 percent in the next ten years to lessen the
nation's dependence on  imported oil.   EPA  has a substantial role to  play in advancing the
President's energy  and  climate strategies, given the Agency's mandate for environmental
protection and the close linkage of energy and environment issues.

      Ongoing  efforts are already very significant.  For example, EPA's current efforts will
contribute about 70 percent of the reductions  necessary to meet the  President's 2012  GHG
intensity goal.  Moreover, EPA's efforts can and will achieve remarkable results in a number of
other critical areas.  By the end of 2008, for example, EPA expects to have programs in  place
that will speed the  development of lower-emissions coal, oil,  gas, and renewable technologies;
partner with the manufacturing sector to develop more energy efficient technologies; and create
the framework needed to transform our transportation  system from one  almost solely reliant on
petroleum to one that accommodates an array of alternate fuels.

      In 2009, EPA will begin implementation activities associated with the new GHG rules for
fuels and vehicles, which will be completed at  the start of FY 2009. Needed  implementation
activities  will include  upgrading and  expanding vehicle engine and  fuel data  systems to
incorporate new data and handle certification, compliance, reporting and tracking requirements;
developing and implementing means to validate credit trading;  implementing the fuel quality

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                                             Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
compliance program including field sampling and lab  analysis; and stakeholder outreach.  In
addition to these implementation  activities,  the  National Vehicle Fuel  Emissions Laboratory
(NVFEL) will need to begin certifying alternative fuels and vehicles.

       By FY 2009, U.S. energy production is expected to grow by almost 10 percent from FY
2005 levels. To help ensure clean and affordable energy, EPA will enhance related permitting
efforts. Anticipated upcoming  proposals include  75,000 new oil and gas wells on Tribal and
Federal Land,  40 liquefied natural gas terminals, 100+ re-permitting for nuclear power plants
and 25 new nuclear plants.

       This expansion in the energy sector will result in increased workload for: air and waters
modeling and  monitoring to determine the ambient impacts of energy  activities;  analysis of
emerging technologies such as carbon sequestration, tidal, wind, biomass, coal liquefaction and
oil shale;  effective and early collaboration  among states,  tribes and  Federal  agencies to
expedite National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) reviews; and,  EPA direct implementation of
air and water permitting activity on state/Tribal lands where the programs  are not authorized and
on Federal lands and offshore areas where the program cannot be authorized.

       In FY 2009, EPA and states will begin to  fulfill the mandate of the Energy Policy Act to
increase development  of  domestic energy  resources and meet the demands of the  large
increase in  new energy exploration while ensuring environmentally sound  decision-making.
This will involve support for state and tribal work to  ensure effective and efficient analysis and
permitting to avoid slowing the pace of new energy projects.   The FY  2009 Budget Request
includes $14.0 million to support Permitting for Energy Production.

Reduce Risks to Indoor Air and Radon Programs

       The Indoor Air Program characterizes the risks  of indoor air pollutants to human health,
develops techniques for reducing those risks, and educates the public about those techniques
and other actions they can take to reduce their  risks from  indoor air.  Through voluntary
partnerships with  non-governmental and professional  organizations,  EPA  educates  and
encourages individuals, schools, industry, the health-care community, and others to take action
to reduce health  risks in indoor environments using  a variety of approaches, including national
public awareness and media campaigns, as well  as  community-based outreach and education.
EPA also uses  technology-transfer to improve  the design, operation,  and  maintenance of
buildings - including schools,  homes, and workplaces - to promote healthier indoor air. The
FY 2009 Budget  Request for the Reduce Risk from Indoor Air program totals $19.9 million. EPA
also carries  out  a national radon program that encourages and  facilitates  voluntary national,
regional, state, and Tribal programs  and activities that  support initiatives targeted  to radon
testing and mitigation, as well  as to radon resistant new construction. Radon is second only to
smoking as  a  cause of lung cancer. The FY 2009 Budget Request for the  Radon programs
totals $14.0 million.

Climate Protection

       For more than a decade, businesses and other organizations have partnered with EPA
through voluntary  climate  protection  programs  to pursue common  sense approaches  to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting  the President's greenhouse gas intensity goal.
Voluntary programs such  as Energy Star and SmartWay Transport have increased the use of
energy-efficient products and practices, spurred investment in clean energy  development, and

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Goal 1:  Clean Air and Global Climate Change
reduced emissions of carbon dioxide,  methane, and other greenhouse gases with very high
global  warming  potentials. These partnership programs break  down  market barriers and
promote  the  deployment  of cost-effective  technologies  and processes  designed to  yield
greenhouse gas  reductions over the life of the investment. In FY 2009, EPA will  continue to
work with  other countries  and government agencies to support the Methane  to Markets
Partnership and  Asia-Pacific Partnership on  Clean Development  and Climate. The FY 2009
Budget Request for the Climate Protection programs totals $98.3 million.

Stratospheric Ozone - Domestic and Montreal Protocol

       In FY  2009, EPA's Domestic Stratospheric Ozone Protection  Program will  continue to
implement the provisions of the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer  (Montreal Protocol),  and contribute to the  reduction and control of
ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in the U.S. and lowering health risks to the American public
associated with exposure to UV radiation, including prevention of 6.3 million cases of fatal skin
cancer in the  US. The FY 2009 Budget  Request for the Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic program
totals $4.7 million. In  addition, through  the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol, EPA will
invest  in cost-effective  projects  that  are  designed  to  build capacity and eliminate ODS
production and consumption in over 60  developing countries. The Multilateral Fund continues to
support over  5,150 activities in 139 countries, and when fully implemented, will prevent annual
emissions of  more than 223,729 metric tons of ODS.  Over 80 percent of already agreed-upon
project activities have been implemented to date, with remaining work in these already agreed-
upon projects expected to be fully implemented by 2009. The FY 2009 Budget Request for the
Stratospheric Ozone:  Multilateral Fund totals $9.9 million.

Radiation Monitoring

       In FY 2009, EPA will continue upgrading the national  radiation monitoring system to
expand the population and geographic areas  covered, and to increase the speed at which the
system samples the air,  analyzes  the measurements,  and transmits  the  results.   Mobile
transportable  monitors will be maintained in ready condition so they can be quickly deployed to
monitor radiation levels at  locations near and downwind from  the  initial point of release.  The
Agency will continue to enhance laboratory  response capacity  and capability to ensure  a
minimal level  of surge capacity for radiological incidents.

Research

       EPA conducts research to provide a  scientific foundation  for the Agency's actions to
protect the  air  all   Americans breathe.    The  Agency's air research  program  supports
implementation of the Clean Air Act,  especially the National Ambient Air Quality  Standards
(NAAQS), which  set limits  on how much stratospheric ozone,  particulate matter,  carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and lead, are allowed in the atmosphere.  EPA also
conducts research on ozone and hazardous air pollutants, also known as air toxics.

       In FY  2009, the Agency's air research  program will continue research to understand the
sources and  composition of air pollution; develop methods for controlling sources' emissions;
study atmospheric chemistry and model U.S. air quality; investigate Americans' exposure to air
pollution; and conduct epidemiological,  clinical, and toxicological studies of air pollution's health
effects. In FY 2009, the program will continue to focus on the effects of air pollution near roads
on human health, as  well as the development and evaluation of effective mitigation  strategies.

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                                             Goal 1:  Clean Air and Global Climate Change
The Agency also will fund research grants to universities and nonprofits to study topics such as
the relationship  between  long-term exposure to fine particles in the atmosphere and  the
frequency and progression of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.

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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

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                                                          Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

                    Goal 2:  Clean and Safe  Water

Strategic Goal:  Ensure drinking water is safe.  Restore and maintain oceans, watersheds,
and their aquatic ecosystems to protect  human health, support economic and recreational
activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish,  plants, and wildlife.
                                                 Resource Summary
(3
36.1% of Budg
FY 2008
et President's
Budget
1 - Protect Human Health $1,156,552
2 - Protect Water Quality $1 ,422,049
3 - Enhance Science and Research $135,906
Goal 2 Total *
Workyears **
$2,714,507
2901.8
($in
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget
$1,183,199
$1,536,959
$134,624
$2,854,782
2901
000)
FY 2009
President's
Budget
$1,161,766
$1,286,410
$132,528
$2,580,704
2863.4
Difference
FY 2008EN
to FY 2009
PresBud
-$21,433
-$250,549
-$2,096
-$274,078
-37.6
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
overview.
       EPA implements the Clean and Safe Water goal through programs designed to provide
improvements in the quality of surface waters and drinking water.  In FY 2009, EPA will work
with states and tribes to continue to accomplish measurable improvements in the safety of the
nation's drinking water and in the conditions of rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. With the help
of these partners, EPA expects to make important  progress  in these areas and support
additional focused water initiatives, including carbon sequestration, energy permitting, water
security, and sustainable infrastructure.

       The National Water Program will continue to place special emphasis on  sustainable
infrastructure and watershed stewardship, through its "four pillars" program, specifically focusing
on innovative financing and  leveraging  for infrastructure  sustainability, banking for wetlands
conservation,  and trading among  point sources  and non-point  sources for water  quality
upgrades.  In FY 2009, the Agency will continue advancing  the water quality monitoring initiative
and a water quality standards strategy under the Clean Water Act, as well as, important rules
and activities  under the Safe Drinking Water Act.  Related efforts to improve monitoring and
surveillance will help advance water security nationwide.

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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Drinking Water

       During FY  2009,  EPA,  the  states and  community  water systems will build on past
successes while working toward the FY 2009 goal of assuring that 90 percent of the population
served by community water systems receives drinking water that meets all applicable health-
based  standards.  To promote compliance with drinking water standards, states  carry out a
variety of activities, such  as conducting onsite sanitary surveys of water systems and working
with small systems to improve their capabilities.  EPA will work to improve compliance rates by
providing guidance, training, and technical assistance; ensuring proper certification of water
system operators; promoting consumer awareness of drinking water safety; maintaining the rate
of system sanitary surveys and onsite reviews; and taking appropriate action for noncompliance.
In FY 2009, states and EPA will process Underground Injection Control permit applications  for
experimental carbon sequestration  and gather  information  from these pilots to facilitate the
permitting of large-scale commercial carbon sequestration in the future.  To help  ensure that
water is safe to drink, EPA provides $842.2 million for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.

Clean Water

       In FY 2009, EPA will work with states to continue progress toward the clean  water goals
to implement  core clean  water programs, including innovations that  apply  programs  on a
watershed  basis, and to accelerate efforts to  improve  water  quality  on a watershed basis.
Building on the progress toward  clean water achieved over  the past 30 years, EPA is working
with states and tribes to  implement the Clean Water Act by focusing on: scientifically sound
water quality standards, effective water monitoring, strong  programs for controlling nonpoint
sources of pollution, and strong discharge permit programs.  To keep  pace with the nation's
burgeoning energy exploration and development, EPA will place an  increased focus on energy
related permitting in FY 2009. The work involves NPDES permit actions related to conventional
oil and gas, coalbed methane, coal mining, ethanol, power  plants, refineries, uranium, natural
gas liquids, liquefied natural gas terminals, pipelines, and oil shale/tar sands.

       The Agency's request continues the monitoring initiative begun in 2005 to strengthen the
nationwide monitoring network and complete the baseline water quality assessment  of the
nation's waters.  These efforts are resulting in  scientifically defensible water quality data and
information essential for cleaning up and protecting the nation's waters.  Progress in improving
coastal and  ocean waters  documented in the  National Coastal  Condition Report  will  be
maintained  by  focusing  on:  assessing  coastal conditions,   reducing  vessel  discharges,
implementing coastal nonpoint source pollution programs,  managing dredged  material, and
supporting  international  marine  pollution  control.   EPA  will continue to  provide  annual
capitalization to the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). In FY 2009 EPA will  provide
$555.0 million and will allow EPA to meet the Administration's capitalization target of $6.8 billion
total for 2004-2011 and enable the program to meet its long-term revolving target of $3.4 billion.

Homeland Security

       EPA has  a  major role  in  supporting  the  protection  of the  nation's  critical water
infrastructure from terrorist threats.  In FY 2009, EPA will continue to support the Water Security
Initiative  (WSI) pilot  program and water sector-specific  agency responsibilities, including the
Water Alliance for Threat  Reduction (WATR), to  protect the nation's critical water infrastructure.
The FY  2009 budget  provides $35.2  million for  water security  efforts.   This  includes
$22.6 million for WSI and  WATR which will continue  efforts to demonstrate the concept of an
effective  contamination warning  system that drinking water utilities in high  threat  cities  of all

8

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                                                           Goal 2:  Clean and Safe Water

sizes and characteristics could adopt. In FY 2009, there will be increased training and outreach
exercises for Regional Water Emergency  Response/Technical Assistance Team  members,
consistent with the National Approach to Response. Also, the Agency, in collaboration with our
water sector security stakeholders, will continue efforts to  develop, implement and initiate
tracking  of national  measures related  to homeland  security critical  infrastructure  protection
activities.

Research

       EPA's drinking  water and  water quality research programs conduct  leading edge,
problem-driven research to provide a sound scientific foundation for Federal regulatory decision-
making.  These efforts will result in strengthened public health and aquatic ecosystem protection
by providing  data methods, models, assessments, and technologies for EPA  program and
Regional Offices, as well as state  and local authorities.

       In FY2009, these research  programs will  conduct studies and  deliver science products
needed by the nation to realize clean and safe water.  The drinking water research program will
focus on treatment strategies, exposure and analytical methods, and health effects information
that can be applied to classes of contaminants in the context of the drinking water  hydrologic
cycle - source water, treatment, and distribution.   The water quality  research program will
continue providing approaches and methods the Agency and  its partners need to develop and
apply criteria to support designated uses, support implementation of  watershed management
approaches, and application of technological options to restore and  protect water bodies  using
information on effective treatment  and management alternatives.  These programs also will
conduct  research  that  will yield tools and strategies  to manage our nation's aging water
infrastructure.

       Other important areas of research in  FY 2009 will  include: 1)  studies on aquifer storage
and  recovery (ASR) on the safety of drinking water and the impacts  of subsurface carbon
dioxide  (CO2) storage on drinking water quality; 2) revising aquatic  life guidelines, recreational
water criteria, the effects of emerging contaminants, nutrients, biocriteria and  multiple stressor
effects on stream  biota;  3) watershed management work that supports diagnoses of impairment,
mitigation and pollutant load reduction from headwater streams and isolated  wetlands; and
4) improving the control of microbial releases from publicly owned  treatment works (POTWs)
during periods of significant wet weather events.

       Recognizing that environmental policy and regulatory decisions will  only be as good as
the science upon which they are based, EPA makes every effort to ensure that its science is of
the highest quality and relevance, thereby, providing the basis for sound  environmental results.
EPA uses the Research and Development (R&D) Investment  Criteria of quality, relevance, and
performance in its decision-making processes through the use of research strategies and plans,
program review and evaluation by the  Board of Scientific Counselors (BOSC)  and the Science
Advisory Board (SAB), and peer review.

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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
10

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                                            Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
         Goal 3:  Land Preservation and Restoration
Strategic  Goal:   Preserve  and  restore  the land  by  using  innovative  waste
management practices and cleaning up contaminated properties to reduce risks posed
by releases of harmful substances.
                                              Resource Summary
                                                     ($ in 000)
23.6% of Budget
1 - Preserve Land
2 - Restore Land
3 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 1 Total *
Workyears **
FY 2008
President's
Budget
$231,785
$1,382,689
$48,515
$1,662,990
4579.3
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget
$237,813
$1,403,340
$47,440
$1,688,592
4574.3
FY 2009
President's
Budget
$232,718
$1,405,043
$53,367
$1,691,128
4550.2
Difference
FY 2008EN
to FY 2009
PresBud
-$5,095
$1,703
$5,928
$2,536
-24.1
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
overview.


      Land is one of America's most valuable resources.  If they are not controlled, hazardous
and non-hazardous wastes on the land can migrate to the air, groundwater, and surface water,
contaminating drinking  water  supplies, causing acute illnesses  or chronic  diseases,  and
threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural, and suburban areas. To address these issues,
EPA implements the Land Preservation and Restoration goal with the following approaches—
prevention, protection, and response activities to address risks posed by releases of harmful
substances on land; emergency preparedness,  response and homeland security to  address
immediate risks to human health and the environment; enforcement and compliance assistance
to determine what needs to be done and who should pay; and sound science and research to
address risk factors and new, innovative solutions.

Prevention, Protection, and Response Activities

      EPA leads the country's activities to prevent and reduce the risks  posed by releases of
harmful substances and to preserve and restore land with effective waste management and
cleanup methods.  In FY 2009, the Agency is requesting $1,637.8  million to continue  to apply
the  most  effective approach to preserve and restore land  by developing and implementing
                                                                              11

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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
prevention programs, improving  response capabilities, and  maximizing the effectiveness  of
response  and cleanup actions.   This  approach will help ensure that human health and the
environment are protected and that land is returned to beneficial use.

       In  FY 2009,  EPA also will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land:
reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing spills
and  releases of toxic materials,  and  cleaning  up contaminated  properties.    The Agency
especially is  concerned about threats to our most sensitive populations, such as children, the
elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups accordingly.1

       The   Comprehensive  Environmental   Response,   Compensation,  and   Liability  Act
(CERCLA, or Superfund) provides  legal  authority for EPA's  work to protect the land.   The
Agency and  its partners use  Superfund authority to  clean  up uncontrolled  or abandoned
hazardous waste  sites,  allowing  land to be  returned to productive use.   The  Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) also provides legal authority for EPA to fulfill this goal.
Under RCRA, EPA  works in partnership with states and tribes to address risks associated with
leaking underground storage tanks and with the generation and management of hazardous and
non-hazardous waste.

       In addition, EPA uses authorities provided under the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and
Oil  Pollution Act of 1990  to  protect against spills  and  releases of hazardous  materials.
Controlling the many risks posed by accidental and intentional releases of harmful substances
presents a significant challenge.  In FY 2009, EPA will continue to ensure that it is adequately
prepared to minimize contamination and harm  to the  environment from spills and releases  of
hazardous materials by improving its readiness to respond  to emergencies through training as
well as maintaining  a highly skilled, well-trained, and equipped response workforce.

       The  following themes characterize EPA's land program  activities under  Goal 3  in
FY  2009:   Revitalization;  Recycling,  Waste  Minimization  and  Energy  Recovery;  and
implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).

   •   Revitalization: All of EPA's cleanup programs (Superfund Remedial, Superfund Federal
       Facilities Response, Superfund Removal,  RCRA Corrective Action,  Brownfields,  and
       Underground Storage Tanks) and their  partners are taking proactive steps to facilitate
       the cleanup and revitalization of contaminated properties.  In  FY 2009, the Agency is
       requesting   $914.8   million  to  help communities  revitalize  these  once  productive
       properties by removing blight, satisfying the growing demand  for land, helping limit urban
       sprawl, fostering ecologic habitat enhancements, enabling economic development, and
       maintaining  or improving quality of life.   In reflection of the high priority the Agency has
       placed on land revitalization,  EPA recently adopted  a series of acres-based,  cross-
       program  revitalization measures (CPRMs)2 to  help  document progress in cleaning up
       and promoting the protective use of previously contaminated  land. The CPRMs will help
       EPA communicate the extent of land subject to its cleanup programs, and the subset of
 Additional information on these programs can be found at: www. epa. go v/superfund,
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/er/index.htm, http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/,
http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/, http://www.epa.gov/swerustl/, http://www.epa.gov/swerffrr/ and
http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization.
2 For more information on the CPRMs, go to http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization/docs/cprmguidance-
10-20-06covermemo.pdf.
12

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                                                 Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
       that  land  that is protective for  people for  current conditions, and that is ready (i.e.,
       protective) for anticipated  future uses.  EPA  cleanup programs began  implementing
       these new measures in FY 2007.  Data from the CPRMs will be available in FY 2008
       and beyond.

    •   Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery: EPA is requesting $10.8 million in
       FY 2009  to  support EPA's strategy for  reducing waste generation and  increasing
       recycling.   EPA's strategy will continue to be based on: (1) establishing and expanding
       partnerships with businesses, industries, tribes,  states,  communities, and consumers;
       (2) stimulating infrastructure development and  environmentally responsible behavior by
       product manufacturers,  users, and disposers; and (3) helping businesses,  government,
       institutions, and consumers reduce waste  generation and increase recycling through
       education, outreach, training, and technical assistance. In FY 2009, EPA  will continue
       the Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC) as a major national effort to find flexible,
       yet more  protective ways  to conserve our valuable natural  resources through waste
       reduction, energy recovery, and recycling.   Through RCC, the Agency also will pursue
       the advancement of alternative domestic energy sources as well as clean energy, which
       power our economy and drive our environmental successes.

    •   Implementing the EPAct:   The EPAct3 contains  numerous provisions that significantly
       affect Federal and  state underground storage tank (LIST) programs and  requires that
       EPA and states  strengthen tank  release and prevention programs.  In FY 2007, working
       with  its tank partners,  EPA developed grant guidelines4  which  implement the LIST
       provisions of the  EPAct.   In FY 2009, EPA is requesting  $35.1  million  to  provide
       assistance to states to help them meet their new responsibilities, which include:  (1)
       mandatory inspections every three years for all underground storage tanks, (2) operator
       training,  (3) prohibition of delivery for non-complying  facilities5,  and (4)  secondary
       containment or financial responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers.  EPA also is
       submitting legislative language to allow states to use alternative  mechanisms such as
       the Environmental Results  Program (ERP) to meet the mandatory three-year inspection
       requirement.  This  proposal provides  states with a less costly alternative to meet the
       objectives of the EPAct.  EPA also will continue  implementing the LIST Tribal strategy6
       developed in FY 2006 in Indian country.

In addition to these themes, EPA's Homeland Security and  Enforcement work are important
components of the Agency's prevention, protection,  and response activities.

Homeland Security

       EPA will  continue to improve its emergency  preparedness  and  response capability,
including homeland security capabilities. In FY 2009, the Agency is requesting $54.6 million to
improve its capability to respond effectively to incidents that may involve harmful chemical,  oil,
biological, and radiological substances.   The Agency will provide training to build the cadre of
3 For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109.pdf (scroll to Title XV - Ethanol And Motor Fuels,
Subtitle B - Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file).
4 For more information, refer to http://www.epa. gov/OUST
 Refer to Grant Guidelines to States for Implementing the Delivery Prohibition Provision of the Energy Policy Act of 2005,
August 2006, EPA-510-R-06-003, http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/epact_05.htm#Final.
6 Refer to Strategy for an EPA/Tribal Partnership to Implement Section 1529 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, August 2006,
EPA-510-F-06-005, http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/epact_05.htm#Final.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
volunteers in the Response Support Corps (RSC) and/or as part of an Incident Management
Team (IMT) and also will continue to participate in multi-agency training and exercises.

       In FY 2009, EPA will  build the Environmental Laboratory  Response Network (eLRN)
through the  improvement of an electronic data deliverable for use by all eLRN laboratories.
EPA also will continue to maximize the effectiveness of its involvement in  national  security
events through pre-deployments of assets such  as emergency response personnel and field
detection equipment.

       EPA   also will  maintain  and  improve the Emergency  Management  Portal  (EMP).
FY 2009 will be the  first year for complete integration  of the basic management modules
(i.e., environmental assessment,  equipment,  personnel,  and decontamination).   EPA  will
continue to manage, collect, and validate  new information for new and  existing Weapons of
Mass Destruction (WMD) agents as new decontamination techniques are developed or as other
information emerges from the scientific community.

Enforcement

       Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program: they are used
to leverage   private-party  resources  to conduct a majority of  the cleanup  actions and to
reimburse the Federal government for cleanups financed by appropriations.  In FY 2009, the
Agency is requesting $173.9 million to support enforcement activities at Federal and  non-
Federal Superfund  sites. The Superfund program's "enforcement first" policy ensures that sites
with viable potentially responsible parties (PRPs) are cleaned up by those parties, allowing EPA
to focus appropriated resources on sites where viable  PRPs either do not exist or lack funds or
capabilities needed to conduct the cleanup. In tandem with this approach,  various reforms have
been  implemented  to  increase fairness,  reduce transaction costs,  and promote economic
development and make sites  available for appropriate  reuse.7  The Department of Justice
supports EPA's Superfund Enforcement program through negotiations and judicial actions to
compel PRP cleanup and litigation to recover Trust Fund monies spent.

       EPA  also works to ensure that required  legally enforceable institutional controls and
financial assurance  instruments are in  place and adhered to at Superfund sites and at facilities
subject to RCRA Corrective Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of cleanup actions.

       EPA  has ongoing cleanup and  property transfer responsibilities at some of the Nation's
most  contaminated Federal  properties, which  range  from  realigning  and  closing  military
installations and former military properties containing unexploded ordnance, solvents, and other
industrial chemicals to Department of Energy sites containing nuclear waste.  EPA's Superfund
Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program  helps  Federal and local governments,
tribes,  states, redevelopment authorities and the affected communities ensure contamination at
Federal or former Federal properties is addressed in a manner that protects human health and
the environment.8
 For more information regarding EPA's enforcement program and its various components, please refer to
http://www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/.
8 For more information on the Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program, please refer to
http: //www.epa. go v/fedfac.
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                                               Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
       In FY 2009, the Agency will continue to establish and use Special Accounts within the
Superfund Trust Fund.  As  of the end  of  FY 2007, EPA maintains  more than 700  Special
Accounts within the  Superfund Trust Fund.   These accounts segregate site-specific funds
obtained from responsible parties that enter into settlement agreements with EPA. These funds
may create  an incentive for other PRPs at that  specific site to perform cleanup work.   In
addition, these funds  may be  used by the  Agency to fund  cleanup activities  if there are no
known or viable PRPs. The Agency will practice good fiscal stewardship in cleaning up sites by
maximizing the use of site-specific Special Account funds while preserving appropriated Trust
Fund dollars for sites without viable PRPs.

       In  FY  2009,   the  Agency will  negotiate  remedial  design/remedial  action  cleanup
agreements  and removal agreements at  contaminated properties.  Where negotiations  fail, the
Agency will either take unilateral enforcement  actions to  require PRP  cleanup  or  use
appropriated dollars to remediate sites.  When appropriated  dollars are used to cleanup sites,
the program will recover this money from the PRPs whenever possible.

Enhancing Science and Research to Restore and Preserve Land

       The FY 2009 Land Research program supports the Agency's objective of reducing  or
controlling potential risks to human health and the environment at contaminated waste sites by
providing the  science to accelerate  scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions  for
cleanup at complex sites in accordance with CERCLA.

       In FY 2009, EPA is  requesting $53.4 million in support of  EPA's efforts  to enhance
science and research for land preservation and restoration.  Research activities in FY 2009 will
focus on contaminated sediments, ground water contamination, multi-media, and  site-specific
technical support.  Research will advance  EPA's ability to  accurately characterize the risks
posed by contaminated sediments and determine the  range and scientific foundation for  remedy
selection options.  In  addition,  research aimed at developing data to support  dosimetric  and
toxicologic assessment of  amphibole asbestos, fiber-containing material from Libby, Montana
will be conducted. Groundwater  research will focus  on the  transport of contaminants in  that
medium and the subsequent  intrusion  of  contaminant vapors into  buildings and continue
research on developing applications for permeable reactive barriers.

       Oil spill remediation research will continue on physical, chemical, and  biological  risk
management methods for petroleum and non-petroleum oils spilled into freshwater and marine
environments  as well as  development  of  a  protocol for testing solidifiers and  treating  oil.
Underground storage  tank research will  address the development of online transport  models
that can be used by state project managers.  Research areas such  as resource conservation,
corrective action, multi-media modeling, leaching, containment systems, and landfill bioreactors
will constitute the major areas  of research and support for RCRA activities in FY 2009.  EPA
also will continue to develop a site-specific management approach of brownfields sites, develop
validated acceptable  practices for land  revitalization, collaborate  with the  private  sector  to
conduct field sampling, and with the states to optimize operations and monitoring of  several
landfill bioreactors and determine their potential to provide  alternative energy in  the  form  of
landfill gas while increasing the  nation's landfill  capacity.
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Goal 3:  Land Preservation and Restoration
       In FY 2009, additional resources will be invested to research nanotechnology fate and
transport in  response to an independent review  of the RCRA portion of the Land Research
program to address emerging issues and strategic EPA issues.  The primary objective of this
research will be to determine the  physicochemical  properties  controlling the movement  of
nanomaterials  through  soil and aquatic ecosystems.   Research questions  include the
identification of system parameters that alter the  surface  characteristics  of  nanomaterials
through aggregation (e.g.,  pH effects),  complexation (e.g.,  surface complexation by dissolved
organic carbon) or changes in oxidation state (e.g.,  chemical- or biological-mediated electron
transfer).
16

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                                         Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
      Goal 4:  Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

Strategic Goa/:  Protect, sustain, or restore the health of people, communities, and
ecosystems using integrated and comprehensive approaches and partnerships.
                                              Resource Summary
                                                     ($ in 000)
^^
16.7% of Budget
1 - Chemical, Organism, and
Pesticide Risks
2 -Communities
3 - Ecosystems
4 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 1 Total *
Workyears **
FY 2008
President's
Budget
$390,946
$234,851
$178,088
$370,176
$1,174,062
3761.1
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget
$387,933
$239,668
$220,411
$379,351
$1,227,363
3735.6
FY 2009
President's
Budget
$396,717
$235,626
$181,029
$377,631
$1,191,004
3749.7
Difference
FY 2008EN
to FY 2009
PresBud
$8,784
-$4,041
-$39,382
-$1,720
-$36,359
14.1
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
overview.


      In FY 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency will protect, sustain or restore the
health of communities  and ecosystems by bringing together a variety of programs, tools,
approaches and resources, including partnerships with stakeholders and Federal, state, Tribal,
and  local  government  agencies.   EPA  manages environmental  risks  to watersheds,
communities, homes, and workplaces to protect human health and the environmental integrity of
ecosystems. The Agency employs a mix of regulatory programs and partnership approaches to
achieve  results in ways  that are efficient, innovative,  and sustainable.  Ideally,  EPA  can
implement a strategy of preventing pollution at the source; however, where programs to prevent
pollution or ecosystem damage are not viable, EPA promotes waste minimization, avoidance of
impact on habitat,  safe disposal, and remediation.

      In managing risk, EPA directs its efforts toward the greatest threats in our communities,
homes, and workplaces, including threats to sensitive populations such as children and the
elderly, and to communities with potential disproportionately high and adverse environmental
and public  health  effects including minorities  and/or low-income communities.  In general,
because of  their unique anatomy, biological  make-up and behavior patterns, children  may be
more at  risk for exposure  to potential toxics. Even older Americans in good health may be at
                                                                               17

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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
increased risk from exposure to environmental pollutants. As people age, their bodies are less
able to detoxify and  eliminate toxins. Native Americans represent another segment of the
population with a different risk profile. Their traditional sources for food and ways of life may
lead to higher levels of exposure to certain toxics.

Pesticides Programs

       A key component of protecting the health of people, communities, and ecosystems is
identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the thousands of chemicals on which
our society  and  economy  have come  to depend.  Toward that end,  EPA  is investing
$133.8 million in Pesticides Licensing programs in FY 2009. Chemical and biological pesticides
help meet  national and global demands for food;  provide effective pest control  for  homes,
schools,  gardens,  highways,  utility lines, hospitals, and drinking water treatment facilities; and
control animal vectors of disease.

       During FY 2009, EPA will continue to review and register new pesticides, new uses for
existing pesticides, and other registration requests in accordance with Food Quality Protection
Act (FQPA)  standards and  Pesticide  Registration Improvement  Renewal Act  (PRIA  2)
timeframes. EPA will continue to process these registration requests, with special consideration
given  to susceptible  populations, especially children.   Specifically,  EPA will focus  special
attention on the foods commonly eaten by children, to reduce pesticide exposure to children
where the science  identifies potential concerns.

       Reduced concentrations of pesticides in water sources indicate the efficacy of EPA's risk
assessment,  management,  mitigation, and  communication  activities.   Using sampling  data
collected under the  U.S.  Geological Survey (USGS)  National  Water Quality Assessment
Program, EPA will monitor  the  impact of our  regulatory  decisions  for four pesticides  of
concern—diazinon, chlorpyrifos,  malathion,  and  azinphos-methyl—and  consider whether any
additional action is necessary.9 In FY 2009 the Agency will continue  to work with USGS to
develop sampling plans and refine goals, and we will ask USGS to add additional insecticides to
sampling  protocols   and  establish  baselines  for newer  products  that  are  replacing
organophosphates, such as synthetic pyrethroids.

       EPA's   statutory   and   regulatory  functions  include  registration,  reregistration,
Reregistration  Eligibility  Decisions  implementation,  registration  review,   risk  reduction
implementation,  rulemaking and  program management.   Many of these actions will  be for
reduced-risk  pesticides for which,  once registered and utilized by pesticide users, increased
benefits will accrue to society.  Working  together with the affected  user communities through
programs such  as the  Pesticide  Environmental Stewardship Program and the Strategic
Agricultural Initiative, the Agency  will find ways to accelerate the  adoption of these lower-risk
products.
9 Gilliom, R. J., et al. 2006. The Quality of Out- Nation's Waters: Pesticides in the Nation's Streams and Ground
Water, 1992-2001. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1291. 171p. Available on the internet at:
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/1291/.



18

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                                            Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
       Along with assessing the risks that  pesticides pose to human  health,  EPA  conducts
ecological risk assessments under the Endangered Species Act  (ESA)  to determine potential
effects on plants, animals, and ecosystems.  To ensure  unreasonable risks  are avoided, EPA
may impose  risk mitigation measures such  as  modifying use rates or application  methods,
restricting uses, or denying uses. EPA must ensure that pesticide regulatory decisions will not
adversely modify critical habitat or jeopardize the continued existence of species listed by the
U.S.  Fish  and Wildlife  Service or  National  Marine Fisheries Service  as  threatened  or
endangered.

       In the biodefense arena, EPA will continue work to develop and validate methods to
evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial products against bioterrorism agents, expanding  this work
to address unique formulations, additional surface types, and additional bioterrorism agents and
emerging pathogens.  The Agency will address critical gaps in efficacy test methodology and
knowledge of microbial resistance.   In addition  to vegetative bacteria,  in FY 2009,  EPA will
address threatening viruses and other emerging pathogens in environmental media.  EPA will
invest in the  development and evaluation of efficacy  test protocols for products designed to
control  viruses in  the environment  during  decontamination. The  development of "decon
toolboxes"  for specific bioterrorism agents  or classes  of  bacteria/viruses  will continue into
FY 2009.

       In order to improve the Agency's ability to respond to events involving biothreat agents,
EPA will increase the number of standardized and validated  methods for evaluating the efficacy
of decontamination agents.  EPA will continue to seek independent third-party analysis for
method validation efforts through recognized standard  setting  organizations.  As new methods
are developed, statistical  modeling  for various biodefense scenarios  will  be critical  to the
development of science based  performance standards.   Microbial persistence, resistance to
antimicrobial  agents,  and an  understanding  of biofilm environments are also key  factors in
evaluating the efficacy of decontamination tools.   This work is taking place in the Homeland
Security: Preparedness, Response and Recovery program.

Toxics Programs

       EPA programs  under  this  goal  have  many direct  and  many indirect benefits.   For
example, each year the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) New Chemicals program reviews
and manages the potential risks from approximately 1,500 new chemicals and 40 products of
biotechnology that enter the marketplace.  This new chemical  review process not only protects
the public from the  possible immediate threats of harmful chemicals, but it also has contributed
to changing the behavior of the chemical industry, making industry more aware and responsible
for the impact these chemicals have on human health and the environment.

       The Acute  Exposure Guideline  Levels (AEGLs)  program was designed by EPA to
provide scientifically credible data to directly support chemical emergency planning, response,
and prevention programs mandated by Congress.  Emergency workers and first responders
addressing accidental or intentional chemical releases need to  know how dangerous a chemical
contaminant may be to breathe or touch, and how long it  may remain dangerous. The program
develops short-term exposure limits applicable to  the  general population for a wide  range of
extremely hazardous substances and has assigned values to 218 chemicals to date.
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Goal 4:  Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
       In addressing chemicals that have entered the market before the inception of the New
Chemical  Review program,  EPA  will  continue to implement  its voluntary High  Production
Volume (HPV)  Chemicals program.  The  HPV Chemicals  Program  challenges industry to
develop chemical hazard data on  existing  chemicals that it  chooses to "sponsor."  EPA will
make data publicly  available for approximately 1,800  HPV  chemicals sponsored under the
program and issue  initial risk screening reports for  the  highest priority  of those  chemicals.
Complementing HPV is  the  Voluntary Children's  Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP),  a
high-priority screening program targeting existing chemicals believed to have particular impact
on children's health.

       The Agency  will continue to manage its programs to address  specific chemicals and
toxics of concern, including  lead,  mineral fibers, mercury, polychlorinated  biphenyls (PCBs),
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals.  The
Lead Program is focusing efforts on reducing lead hazards, and  in FY 2009 will implement a
final regulation to address lead-safe work practices for renovation, repair and painting activities
in homes with lead-based paint. The program also will continue to improve methods to reach
vulnerable populations and  communities with a high concentration of children with elevated
blood-lead levels and emphasize grant-supported activities such as state-implemented  lead-
based paint training and certification programs.

Water Programs

       EPA's ecosystem  protection programs encompass a wide  range of approaches that
address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems, such as
estuaries and wetlands.  Locally generated  pollution,  combined with pollution carried by rivers
and streams  and through air deposition, can accumulate in these ecosystems and degrade
them over time.  Large water bodies, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Great  Lakes, and the
Chesapeake  Bay, have been  exposed to substantial pollution  over  many years.  Coastal
estuaries and wetlands are also vulnerable. As the populations  in coastal regions  grow, the
challenges  to preserve and protect these  important ecosystems increase.  Working with
stakeholders, EPA  has  established special programs to protect and restore these unique
resources.

       In FY  2009,  EPA will  continue cooperation with  Federal, state and Tribal governments
and other stakeholders to achieve the President's goal, set in  2004, to restore, improve, and
protect three  million acres of wetlands by 2009.   FY 2009 funding supports and monitors all
28 NEPs  in  implementing approved  Comprehensive Conservation and  Management Plans
(CCMPs),  which identify more than 2,000  priority actions needed to protect and restore the
estuaries.  The FY 2009 budget for NEPs and coastal watersheds is $17.2 million.

       The Great Lakes Program ecosystem's FY 2009 budget request continues support of
strategic Great Lakes activities pursuant to  Executive  Order 13340 and  the Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement.  The  program  will monitor ecosystem indicators; support toxics reduction
through contaminated sediment remediation and  pollution  prevention;  protect and  restore
habitat; and address strategic issues such as aquatic invasive species and investigation of the
Lake Erie dead zone and the  decline of Diporeia, a key lower-food  web organism. The FY 2009
request to  implement the Great  Lakes Legacy  Act  continues  to support the cleanup of
contaminated sediments.
20

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                                            Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
       The FY 2009 budget request also will enable the Chesapeake Bay Program to continue
work with program partners  to accelerate  implementation of pollution reduction and aquatic
habitat restoration efforts and ensure that  water quality objectives are achieved  as soon as
possible.  EPA is committed to  its ambitious long-term  goals of 100 percent attainment of
dissolved oxygen standards in waters of the Chesapeake Bay and 185,000 acres of submerged
aquatic vegetation (SAV). The FY 2009 request will bring the Agency closer to addressing key
priority coastal and ocean issues in the Gulf  of Mexico, such as coastal restoration, water quality
for healthy beaches and shellfish beds through improved detection and forecasting of harmful
algal blooms and  microbial source tracking methodologies, and reduction of nutrient inputs to
coastal ecosystems.

       In  conducting special initiatives  and planning activities, in FY  2009 EPA  is  investing
$2.1  million in the  South Florida Program to assist with coordinating and facilitating the ongoing
implementation of the Water Quality Protection Program for the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary (FKNMS), conduct studies  to determine cause  and  effect  relationships among
pollutants  and  biological resources, implement wastewater and storm water master plans, and
provide public education and outreach activities.

       New strategic targets are proposed for the South Florida Program in the  2006-2011
Strategic Plan.  The new strategic targets  address important environmental markers such as
stony coral cover, health and functionality of seagrass beds,  water quality in the FKNMS, and
phosphorus  levels  throughout the  Everglades  Protection Area and  effluent limits for all
discharges, including storm water treatment areas.

Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE)

       CARE is a competitive grant program  that offers an innovative way  for communities to
take  action to  reduce toxic pollution.  Through CARE, communities  create local collaborative
partnerships that implement local  solutions to  minimize exposure to toxic pollutants and reduce
their release.  In FY 2009  the  Agency is investing $2.4 million in the  program to award
approximately  12 new  grants,  provide technical  resources and training  to  approximately
50 communities, and work with other federal agencies to coordinate support for communities.

Brownfields

       Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the
heart of EPA's community-centered  work. EPA shares information  and  builds  community
capacity  to consider the  many  aspects  of  planned development or redevelopment. EPA
encourages community development by providing funds to assist communities with inventory,
assessment, and clean  up of the contaminated properties ("Brownfields") that lie abandoned or
unused. In addition, the Smart Growth  Program works with stakeholders to create an improved
economic  and institutional climate for Brownfields  redevelopment.  Addressing these challenges
requires combining innovative and community-based approaches with national guidelines and
interagency coordination to achieve results.
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
International Activities

       EPA leads efforts to address global  environmental issues.   To sustain  and enhance
domestic and international environmental progress, EPA enlists the cooperation of other nations
and international organizations to help predict,  understand, and solve environmental problems
of mutual concern.  By assisting developing  countries  to manage their natural resources and
protect the health of their citizens, EPA also helps to protect human health and the environment
in the U.S.

       The Agency also works to include environmental protection provisions and commitments
to effectively enforce environmental laws and regulations in all international trade agreements
negotiated by the  United  States.    As an  example, EPA contributes  to  the associated
environmental reviews and environmental cooperation agreements  by developing baseline
assessments of existing environmental  law and enforcement regimes in  a number of U.S.
trading partner countries, advocating for greater attention to invasive species,  and addressing
other concerns associated with the movement of traded goods. Addressing local pollution and
infrastructure deficiencies along the U.S.-Mexico  border are also priorities  for Mexico and the
United States under  the Border 2012  Agreement.   The  key to sustaining  and enhancing
progress,  both domestically and internationally, is the collaborative efforts of national, Tribal,
state, and local  governments, international organizations,  the private sector,  and concerned
citizens.

Environmental Justice

       EPA is committed to protecting the health and environment of all people, regardless of
race,  color, national origin, or income.  Toward that end, the Agency will focus its environmental
justice efforts on the following eight national priorities:

   •   Reducing asthma attacks,
   •   Reducing exposure to air toxics,
   •   Increasing compliance with regulations,
   •   Reducing incidence of elevated blood lead levels,
   •   Ensuring that fish and shellfish are safe to eat,
   •   Ensuring that water is safe to drink,
   •   Revitalizing brownfields and contaminated sites, and
   •   Using collaborative problem-solving to address environmental and public health concerns.

Research

       EPA has a responsibility to ensure that efforts to reduce  potential environmental risks
are based on the best available  scientific information. Strong science allows for identification of
the most important sources  of risk to human health  and the environment, as well as the best
means to detect, abate, and avoid possible  environmental problems, and  thereby guides our
priorities, policies, and deployment of resources.

       To accelerate the pace of environmental protection for healthy people, communities, and
ecosystems, EPA will engage in high-priority, cutting-edge,  multidisciplinary research efforts in
22

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                                            Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
areas related to human health, ecosystems,  mercury, global change, pesticides and toxics,
endocrine disrupters, computational toxicology, nanotechnology and Homeland Security.

       In FY2009, the Human Health Research Program is working to maintain its successful
program  in  reducing   uncertainties in  risk  assessment while orienting  this work  toward
developing and linking  indicators of risk along the source-exposure-effects-disease continuum
that can be used to demonstrate reductions in human risk. This strategic shift is designed to
include research that addresses limitations, gaps,  and challenges articulated in the 2003 and
2007 Reports on the Environment.  Research includes development of sensitive and predictive
methods  to identify viable bio-indicators of exposure, susceptibility, and effect that could be
used to evaluate public health impacts at various geospatial and temporal scales.

      The Agency's human health risk assessment (HHRA) research program will implement a
process to identify,  compile,  characterize,  and prioritize new scientific studies  into Integrated
Science Assessments  (ISAs) of criteria air pollutants to assist EPA's air and radiation programs
in  determining the  National  Ambient Air  Quality Standards  (NAAQS),  deliver  final ISAs for
environmental  effects of sulfur oxide and  nitrogen oxides, and release a draft  ISA for carbon
monoxide.   In addition, the HHRA research program  will  complete multiple human health
assessments of high priority chemicals for interagency review or external peer review and  post
several completed human health assessments in the integrated risk information system.

       In order to  assess the benefits of ecosystem services to  human and ecological  well-
being, it is important to define ecosystem services and their implications, measure, monitor and
map those services at multiple scales over time, develop predictive models for quantifying the
changes in ecosystem services, and develop  decision platforms for decision  makers to protect
and restore ecosystem  services through  informed decision making.  This represents a transition
for the Ecosystems research program in  FY 2009.  To meet these objectives, the Agency's
ecosystems  research will build on existing work in environmental monitoring and assessment,
landscape  ecology,  modeling  ecological stressor-response relationships,  and  assessing
vulnerability to natural and human stressors.

      Over the  last  decade,  the endocrine  disrupter research program conducted the
underlying research, developed and standardized protocols, prepared background materials for
transfer,  briefed Agency advisory committees, participated  on international committees on
harmonization  of protocols, and participated in validation of 19 different in vitro and/or in vivo
assays for  the  development  and  implementation  of  the  Agency's  two  tiered  Endocrine
Disrupters Screening Assay.  In FY 2009, research will continue in the following areas:

   •   Development of novel in vitro assays as improved alternatives  that may further reduce
      the numbers of animals used;
   •   Finalization of the Tier 2 amphibian developmental/reproductive assay  and the fish 2
      generation study for validation; and
   •   Leadership on the guidance document and multi-laboratory standardization of the Tier 2
      mammalian protocol.

       In FY 2009, the National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT) will play a critical
role  in coordinating and implementing  these activities  across the Agency.  In  addition, in
FY  2009, greater emphasis will  be placed on using systems biology-based  approaches to
                                                                                    23

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Goal 4:  Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
advance health-based  assessments.   The  computational toxicology  research program's
strategic direction is guided by three long term goals:

   •   Improving the linkages in the source-outcome paradigm;
   •   Providing tools for screening and prioritization of chemicals under regulatory review; and
   •   Enhancing quantitative risk assessment.

       In FY 2009,  continued  research in the pesticides and toxics research program will
characterize toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of perfluoroalkyl chemicals,  examine the
potential for  selected perfluorinated  telomers  to degrade to  perfluoroctanoic acid  or its
precursors, and develop methods and models  to forecast the fate of pesticides and byproducts
from source waters through drinking water  treatment systems  and  ultimately  to the U.S.
population.   The program also  will conduct research to develop spatially-explicit probabilistic
models for ecological assessments and evaluate the potential environmental and human health
impacts of genetically engineered crops.

       EPA will  increase efforts to  investigate  nanotechnology's environmental, health, and
safety  implications  in FY 2009.  This research  will  examine which  processes govern the
environmental fate of nanomaterials and what data  are available/needed to enable nanomaterial
risk assessment.  Research  will continue on improving our measurement, understanding, and
control of mercury,  with a research  focus  on  the  fate and transport of mercury and mercury
compounds, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Clean Air Mercury rule.  The Agency
will also cultivate the next generation of environmental scientists by awarding  fellowships to
pursue higher education in environmentally related  fields and by hosting recent graduates at its
facilities.

       EPA will  continue research  to better understand  how global change  (e.g.,  climate
change) will affect the environment, including the environmental and human health implications
of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies, and the implications of climate change for the Agency's
fulfillment of its statutory, regulatory and programmatic requirements.  The  Agency's climate
change research also includes the  development  of decision support  tools  to  help resource
managers adapt to a changing climate.

       In FY 2009, the Agency  will continue to enhance the  nation's preparedness and
response  and  recovery capabilities  for   homeland  security incidents through  research,
development, and technical support  activities.   EPA will significantly increase its emphasis on
biodefense  research related  to  anthrax  including  sampling,  decontamination,  and  risk
assessment methods and models to aid first responders in determining the extent of an outdoor
release of anthrax as well as to aid in the identification of appropriate decontamination options.
More specifically, EPA will strengthen its research in the following areas:

   •   Development and adaptation of methods  to test for anthrax including  the  extent of
       contamination and clearance following wide-area decontamination;
   •   Determination  of deposition and adhesion  properties of anthrax  and its ability to re-
       aerosolize from materials common to wide-area settings;
   •   Development  of methods  to effectively  decontaminate  anthrax in  wide  area
       environments while minimizing the generation of waste; and
   •   Development  and  adaptation  of  methods  and models  for  hazard and  exposure
       assessments needed  to determine risk-based clean up goals for anthrax.


24

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                                           Goal 4:  Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
       Recognizing that environmental policy and regulatory decisions will only be as good as
the science upon which they are based, EPA makes every effort to ensure that its science is of
the highest quality and relevance, thereby providing the basis for sound environmental results.
EPA uses the Research and Development (R&D) Investment Criteria of quality, relevance, and
performance in its decision-making processes through the use of research strategies and plans,
program review, peer review, and  evaluation by the Board of Scientific Counselors (BOSC) and
the Science Advisory Board (SAB).

       Six major research programs in this goal have undergone OMB's PART evaluation
through FY 2007. They include endocrine disrupters research, ecosystems protection research,
human health research, global change research, human health risk assessment research, and
safe  pesticides/safe toxics research.
                                                                                  25

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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
26

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                                    Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
  Goal 5:  Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

Strategic  GOdl:    Improve  environmental  performance  through  compliance  with
environmental requirements, preventing pollution, and  promoting environmental  stewardship.
Protect human health and the environment by encouraging innovation and providing incentives
for governments, businesses, and the public that promote environmental stewardship.
                                              Resource Summary
                                                     ($ in 000)
^^
10.5% of Budget
1 - Improve Compliance
2 - Improve Environmental
Performance through Pollution
Prevention and Innovation
3 - Build Tribal Capacity
4 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 5 Total *
Workyears **
FY 2008
President's
Budget
$506,200
$109,080
$74,344
$52,855
$742,478
3471.4
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget
$506,582
$101,404
$73,239
$53,624
$734,848
3486.7
FY 2009
President's
Budget
$516,902
$107,099
$75,903
$51,199
$751,102
3425.5
Difference
FY 2008EN
to FY 2009
PresBud
$10,320
$5,695
$2,664
-$2,425
$16,254
-61.2
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
overview.


      The  EPA will work to improve  the nation's environmental protection practices and
enhance natural resource conservation on the part of government, business, and the public. To
accomplish these goals, the Agency will employ a mixture of effective inspection,  enforcement
and compliance assistance strategies; provide leadership and  support for pollution prevention
and sustainable  practices; reduce regulatory barriers; and refine and  apply results-based,
innovative, and multi-media approaches to environmental stewardship and safeguarding human
health.

      In addition, EPA will  assist Federally-recognized tribes in assessing environmental
conditions in Indian Country, and will help build their capacity to implement environmental
programs.    EPA  also will  strengthen the  scientific  evidence  and  research supporting
environmental policies and decisions  on compliance, pollution prevention, and environmental
stewardship.
                                                                              27

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Goal 5:  Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Improving Compliance with Environmental Laws

       In  order to be  effective,  the EPA requires a strong enforcement and compliance
program,  which:  identifies  and  reduces  noncompliance  problems;  assists the  regulated
community in understanding environmental laws and regulations;  responds to complaints from
the public; strives to secure a level economic playing field for  law-abiding companies;  and
deters  future  violations.   EPA's total proposed FY 2009 budget to improve compliance  with
environmental laws is $516.9 million.

       In  order to  meet the Agency's goals, the program's strategy employs an integrated,
common-sense approach to problem-solving and decision-making. An appropriate mix of data
collection  and analysis,  compliance  monitoring, assistance and incentives, civil  and criminal
enforcement  resources,  and  innovative  problem-solving approaches  address significant
environmental issues  and achieve environmentally beneficial outcomes.

       The Civil Enforcement  program's  overarching goal  is to protect human health and the
environment,  targeting enforcement actions according to degree  of health and environmental
risk, and noncompliance rates. The program works with the Department of Justice to ensure
consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental  laws and regulations.  The program seeks
to level the economic playing field by ensuring that violators do not realize an economic benefit
from noncompliance,  and to deter future  violations.  The civil enforcement program develops,
litigates,  and  settles administrative  and  civil judicial  cases against serious  violators  of
environmental laws.   In FY  2009, the  Civil  Enforcement program's proposed budget  is
$132.4 million.

       EPA's criminal enforcement program investigates  and helps prosecute environmental
violations  which  seriously threaten  public health  and the environment  and which  involve
intentional, deliberate or criminal behavior on the part of the violator. The criminal enforcement
program  deters violations of environmental laws  and regulations by demonstrating  that the
regulated  community will be held accountable, through jail sentences and criminal fines, for
such violations.   Bringing criminal  cases sends a strong message  for potential violators,
enhancing  aggregate compliance with  laws  and  regulations.    In FY  2009,  the  Criminal
Enforcement program's proposed budget is $52.2 million.

       Furthermore,  the Agency's  Enforcement and  Compliance  Assurance program  uses
compliance  assistance  and  incentive  tools  to  encourage  compliance  with regulatory
requirements  and reduce adverse  public health  and environmental  problems.   To achieve
compliance, the regulated community must first understand its regulatory obligations and then
learn how to best comply with them.

       The Agency's Compliance Monitoring  program reviews and evaluates the activities  of
the regulated community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit
conditions and settlement agreements, to determine whether conditions present imminent and
substantial endangerment, and to analyze compliance  rates.  FY 2009  Compliance Monitoring
activities will  be  both environmental media-  and sector-based, and will  also seek to begin
addressing statistically valid  compliance  rates.    The  traditional media-based inspections
complement those  performed  by  states and tribes.  They are a  key part of our strategy for
meeting the long-term and annual goals established  for improving  compliance in the air, water,
pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous waste  environmental programs.   As part of this
28

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                                      Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship


program, the Agency reviews and responds to 100 percent of the  notices for trans-boundary
movement of hazardous waste, ensuring that these wastes are properly handled in accordance
with international agreements and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations.  The
proposed budget for Compliance Monitoring activities in FY 2009 is $97.2 million.

       The Enforcement program addresses  violations of  environmental laws, to ensure that
violators  come into  compliance with  Federal laws and  regulations and reduce pollution.
In FY 2009, the  program will achieve these environmental goals through  consistent, fair, and
focused enforcement of all environmental statutes. The overarching goal  of The Enforcement
program is to protect human health and the  environment, targeting its actions according  to
degree of health and environmental risk.   The program is considering  utilizing analyses and
evaluations of statistically valid compliance  rates.  In FY 2009, EPA will  continue to implement
its national compliance and enforcement priorities, which address the most  widespread types of
violations that also pose the most substantive health and environmental risks.  In addition,  in
FY 2009 EPA anticipates reducing,  treating, or eliminating  an estimated 890 million pounds  of
pollutants building upon our achievements  to  date in reducing pollution through enforcement
settlement agreements  and  compliance incentives by an estimated 4.5 billion pounds over the
last six fiscal years.

       Maximum compliance requires the  active  efforts of the regulated  community.  EPA's
Audit  Policy  encourages  corporate audits  of  environmental compliance and  subsequent
correction  of self-discovered violations,  providing a uniform enforcement response toward
disclosures of violations.  Under the Audit Policy, when companies voluntarily  discover and
promptly correct environmental violations, EPA may waive or substantially reduce civil penalties.
Evaluation of the results of violations  disclosed through self-reporting  will occur in order  to
understand the effectiveness and accuracy of such self-reporting.  Throughout FY 2009,  EPA
will continue  to investigate  options for encouraging self-directed audits and disclosures with
particular emphasis on companies  in  the process of  mergers  and/or acquisitions.  Also  in
FY 2009,  EPA's Enforcement  and  Compliance Assurance program will continue to develop
meaningful measures to assess the impact of  enforcement and compliance activities and target
areas that pose  the  greatest risks  to human health or the environment,  display patterns  of
noncompliance, or include disproportionately exposed populations.

       EPA fulfills its uniquely Federal responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA)  and Section  309  of the Clean Air Act by reviewing and  commenting on  other
Federal agency Environmental  Impact Statements (EISs), and making the  comments available
to the public.  NEPA  requires that Federal   agencies  prepare and submit EISs to identify
potential  environmental consequences  of  major proposed  activities  and develop  plans  to
mitigate or eliminate adverse impacts. The  FY 2009 NEPA budget is $16.3 million.

Improving Environmental Performance through Innovation and Pollution
Prevention and Stewardship

       In FY 2009, with a budget of $18.4 million, the Pollution Prevention program will continue
being one of the Agency's  primary tools for minimizing  and preventing adverse environmental
impacts by preventing the generation of pollution  at the source.  Through  pollution prevention
integration,  EPA will work  to bring about a performance-oriented regulatory system that
develops innovative, flexible strategies to achieve measurable results; promotes environmental
stewardship in all parts of society; supports sustainable development and pollution prevention;
                                                                                   29

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Goal 5:  Compliance and Environmental Stewardship


and fosters a culture of creative environmental problem-solving.  In total, the Agency proposes
$107 million to improve environmental performances through pollution and other stewardship
practices.
      Partnering  with Businesses and  Consumers:   In FY 2009, through the  Pollution
      Prevention  (P2) program,  EPA will  promote  stronger  regional partnerships  and
      geographically tailored approaches  to address unique community problems.   Also in
      FY 2009,  EPA  will continue to encourage, empower,  and  assist government and
      business to "green" the nation's supply and demand structures  to make them  more
      environmentally  sound.  Through the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program,
      the Agency will provide enhanced guidance to the Federal building community on model
      green construction specifications and help  Federal agencies identify and procure those
      products that generate the  least pollution,  consume fewest  non-renewable natural
      resources,  and  constitute the least threat to human health and to the environment.
      EPA's innovative Green Suppliers Network Program works with large manufacturers to
      increase energy  efficiency; identify  cost-saving opportunities;  optimize resources and
      technology  through the  development  of  sound  business approaches  incorporating
      pollution prevention; and to promote  those approaches among their numerous suppliers.
      P2 grants to states and tribes enable them to provide technical assistance, education
      and outreach to  assist businesses and industries  in identifying strategies and solutions
      to reduce wastes and pollution at the source.  The importance of tracking outcomes from
      P2 grants  has been reinforced  by  adding key P2 environmental outcome targets to
      program guidance reporting measures.

             In  FY 2009,  through the  National  Partnership for Environmental  Priorities
      (NPEP), the Agency will continue to reduce priority chemicals in wastes.  As of August
      2007, the NPEP program  has obtained industry commitments for 6.5 million pounds of
      priority chemical reductions through 2011. Reductions will be achieved primarily through
      source reduction made possible by safer chemical  substitutes.

   •  Promoting Innovation and Stewardship: In FY 2009, EPA will work to bring about a
      performance-oriented regulatory  system  that  develops innovative, flexible strategies to
      achieve measurable results; promote environmental stewardship in all parts of society;
      support  sustainable development  and  pollution  prevention;  and foster a culture of
      creative environmental problem-solving.

      The  Performance Track (PT) program  will  improve program  reporting, develop and
implement national and regional challenge commitments, and  leverage state  environmental
leadership programs by aligning PT with 20 state programs.  In addition, EPA will sponsor a
formal program evaluation of the program in FY 2009.

      Also  in FY 2009, EPA will continue to grow its partnerships and  track environmental
performance trends with major manufacturing sectors, such as steel, cement, forest products,
and shipbuilding,  plus important non-manufacturing sectors like agribusiness, construction, and
ports.  The Agency  will address barriers  to improved  performance,  provide  sector-specific
"drivers" for continuous  improvement and stewardship, and use the partnerships to tackle high
priority environmental issues.
30

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                                      Goal 5:  Compliance and Environmental Stewardship


       EPA   will  also  continue   to  promote   environmental  performance  through  the
Environmental  Results  Program   (ERP),  a  state-run  program  promoting  environmental
performance and efficiency through assistance and incentives to both states and businesses. In
FY 2009, EPA will support the growing demand for the ERP program beyond the 16 States and
10 sectors currently active in the program.

       Finally, EPA will continue  the State  Innovation Grant program in  FY 2009,  which
provides support to states,  allowing them to develop their own innovative approaches, including
flexible permitting, ERP, and environmental leadership programs (e.g.  PT). Measurement and
program evaluation also will continue to be priorities.

Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country

       Since  adopting the  EPA Indian Policy  in 1984,  EPA  has worked  with tribes on  a
government-to-government basis in  recognition of the Federal government's trust responsibility
in  Federally- recognized tribes.  EPA will  continue to work with Tribal communities in FY 2009
with  a budget of $80.2 million directed to Tribal programs.   Under Federal environmental
statutes, the Agency is responsible  for protecting human health and the environment in  Indian
Country.  EPA's American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO) leads an Agency wide effort to
work with  tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and inter-tribal consortia to  fulfill this  responsibility.
EPA's strategy for achieving this objective has three major components:

   •   Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will continue
       to provide funding  through  the Indian General Assistance Program (GAP) so each
       Federally recognized tribe can establish an environmental presence.

   *   Provide Access to Environmental  Information:   EPA  will  provide the  information
       tribes need to meet EPA and Tribal environmental priorities, as  well as characterize the
       environmental and public health improvements that result from joint actions.

   •   Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide opportunities for the
       implementation of Tribal environmental  programs  by  tribes,  or directly by EPA,  as
       necessary.


       In FY 2009, GAP grants will  build tribal environmental capacity to assess environmental
conditions, utilize available information, and build an environmental program  tailored to  tribes'
needs. The grants will develop environmental education and outreach programs, develop and
implement integrated solid waste management plans, and alert EPA to serious conditions that
pose immediate  public health and  ecological threats.  Through GAP program guidance, EPA
emphasizes outcome based results.

Sustainability
       In total, the Agency proposes $51.2 million to enhance capacity for sustainability through
science and research.   EPA has developed and  evaluated tools and technologies to monitor,
prevent, control,  and clean up pollution throughout its history.  Since the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990, the Agency has increasingly focused on preventative and  sustainable approaches
to  health and environmental problems.  EPA's efforts in this area support research specifically
designed to  address  the issue of advancing  sustainability  goals  - EPA's  Science  and
Technology for Sustainability (STS) program.
                                                                                  31

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Goal 5:  Compliance and Environmental Stewardship


      Sustainable approaches  require:  innovative  design and production  techniques  that
minimize or eliminate environmental liabilities; integrated management of air, water, and  land
resources;  and changes in  the  traditional  methods  of creating and distributing goods  and
services.  And in  addition to conducting research related to human health and  environmental
threats,  EPA is committed  to  promoting sustainability—achieving economic prosperity while
protecting natural systems and quality of life for the long term.

      In FY 2009, EPA's Sustainability research program  will embark on a new effort that is
aimed at creating  a suite of science-based sustainability metrics that are readily  understood by
the public.  This work  will  address both large and small  systems.  In addition, the  People,
Prosperity, and Planet  Award will support up to 50 student design projects from around the
country, focusing on challenges in areas such as materials and chemicals, energy,  resources,
and water.

      Recognizing that environmental policy and regulatory decisions will only be as good as
the science upon which they are based, EPA makes every effort to ensure that its science  is of
the highest quality and relevance, thereby, providing the basis for sound  environmental results.
EPA uses the Research and Development Investment  Criteria of  quality, relevance,  and
performance  in its decision-making processes through (a)  the use of research  strategies and
plans, (b) peer review, and (c)  program review and evaluation by the  Board of Scientific
Counselors (BOSC) and the Science Advisory Board
32

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Appendixes

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                                                     Appendix A: Categorical Grants
            CATEGORICAL GRANTS PROGRAM (STAG)
                                 (Dollars in Millions)
    $1,200-,
                                     $1.168
           2000  2001   2002  2003  2004
           Ena.  Ena.   Ena.  Ena.  Ena.
2005   2006  2007   2008  2009
Ena.   Ena.  Ena.   Ena  Pres.
*Does not account for the 2006 $80.0 million rescission.

Categorical Grants

       In FY 2009, EPA requests a total of $1.057 billion for 21 "categorical" program grants for
state,  interstate  organizations,  non-profit  organizations,  intertribal  consortia,  and  Tribal
governments.  EPA will continue to pursue  its strategy of building and supporting state, local
and Tribal capacity to implement, operate, and enforce the Nation's environmental laws.  Most
environmental laws envision establishment  of a decentralized  nationwide structure  to protect
public health and the environment.  In this way, environmental goals will ultimately be achieved
through the actions,  programs,  and commitments of state, Tribal and local governments,
organizations and  citizens.

       In FY 2009,  EPA  will continue  to offer flexibility to state and Tribal governments  to
manage their environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial assistance to
achieve mutual environmental goals.  First,  EPA and its  state and Tribal  partners will continue
implementing the National Environmental Performance Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS
is designed to allow states more flexibility to  operate their programs, while increasing emphasis
on measuring and reporting environmental  improvements.  Second,  Performance Partnership
Grants (PPGs) will continue to allow states and tribes funding flexibility to combine categorical
program grants to  address environmental priorities.

       Also, to help improve EPA's grants management, the Agency is working with  the states
to  establish a standardized template for states to use in developing  and submitting their
workplans for continuing  environmental program  grants.  Based  on experience with  initial
                                                                                 A-1

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Appendix A: Categorical Grants


template strategies gained in FY 2007 and FY 2008, EPA will continue to partner with states on
implementation in FY 2009.

HIGHLIGHTS:

State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality
Management Grants

       The FY 2009 request includes $207.0 million for Air State and Local Assistance grants to
support state, local, and Tribal air programs, as well as radon programs. Grant funds for State
and Local Air Quality  Management and Tribal Air Quality Management are requested in the
amounts of $185.6 million and $13.3 million, respectively. These  funds provide resources to
multi-state, state, local,  and Tribal  air pollution  control  agencies for the development  and
implementation  of programs  for the prevention and  control of  air pollution or  for  the
implementation  of national ambient air  standards  set to protect public  health and  the
environment.  In FY 2009, EPA will  continue to work with state and local  air pollution control
agencies to develop or  implement state  implementation plans (SIPs) for the 8-hour ozone
standard, the fine particle (PM-2.5) standard, and regional haze. States submitted the 8-hour
ozone  SIPs to  EPA in  FY 2007 and will  continue with their implementation  in  FY 2009.
In FY 2009 states  will also  continue to work on implementation of their PM-2.5 and regional
haze SIPs. EPA will work with Federally-recognized Tribal governments nationwide to continue
development and implementation of tribal air quality management programs.  Tribes are active
in protection of the 4  percent of the land mass  of the  United States over which they have
sovereignty, and work closely with EPA  to monitor criteria pollutants  and air toxics.  Tribes
participate extensively  in national monitoring networks, and operate and report data  from over
300 monitors.  Grants  also will be provided to states ($3.9 million) and tribes ($2.4  million) to
help them  work with  sources to permit  new energy projects and ensure  that all  Federal
environmental laws are  considered  in the permitting activity.   Lastly,  this request includes
$8.1 million for Radon  grants to  continue to focus efforts  on priority activities to achieve health
risk reduction.

Pesticide Enforcement, Toxics Substance Compliance,  & Sector Program Grants

       The FY  2009  request  includes  $25.6   million to build  environmental  enforcement
partnerships with states and tribes and to strengthen their ability to  address environmental  and
public  health threats.   The enforcement  state grants request consists of $18.7 million  for
Pesticides Enforcement, $5.1 million for Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants, and $1.8 million
for Sector  Grants.  State and  Tribal  enforcement  grants will be awarded  to  assist in the
implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) and the  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and  Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).  These grants
support state and Tribal compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful chemicals
and pesticides.

       Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program,  EPA provides resources to states and
Indian  tribes to  conduct  FIFRA compliance inspections and  take  appropriate enforcement
actions  and implement programs for farm worker protection.  Under the Toxic Substances
Compliance Grant program,  states receive funding for compliance inspections of asbestos  and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).  States also received funding for implementation of the state
lead-base   paint  certification  and  training, and abatement  notification  compliance  and
A-2

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                                                       Appendix A:  Categorical Grants


enforcement program.  The funds will complement other Federal program  grants for building
state capacity for lead abatement, and enhancing compliance with disclosure, certification and
training requirements.    Under the  Sector  program  grants,  EPA  builds  environmental
partnerships with states and  tribes  to strengthen their ability to address environmental and
public  health threats, including contaminated  drinking  water, pesticides in food,  hazardous
waste,  toxic  substances,  and air  pollution.   These  grants  also support state agencies
implementing authorized, delegated, or approved environmental programs.

Pesticides Program Implementation Grants

       The FY 2009 request  includes $13.0 million for Pesticides Program Implementation
grants.  These resources will  assist states, tribes,  and partners  with pesticide worker safety
activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of environmental
stewardship approaches to pesticide use.  In addition, the Agency provides grants  to promote
stronger Tribal pesticide programs.  EPA's  mission as related to pesticides is to protect human
health  and  the environment from pesticide  risk  and  to realize the value of pesticide availability
by considering the economic,  social  and environmental  costs  and benefits of the use  of
pesticides.  Pesticides Program Implementation Grants  help state programs stay current with
changing requirements.

Lead Grants

       The FY 2009 request includes $13.6 million for Lead grants.  This funding will support
the development of authorized programs,  including work under the new Lead Rule,  in  both
states  and  tribes to prevent lead poisoning through the training of workers  who remove lead-
based  paint,  the  accreditation of training  programs,  the certification  of contractors,  and
renovation education programs. Another activity that this funding will support is the collection of
lead data to determine the nature and extent  of the  lead problem within an area  so that states,
tribes and the Agency can better target remaining areas  of high risk.   In  FY 2009, EPA expects
to reduce the number of child lead poisoning cases to 90,000 which would  put the  Agency on
target to eliminate childhood lead poisoning as a public health concern by 2010.

       In FY 2009, EPA will  continue to award Targeted Grants to Reduce Childhood Lead
Poisoning.  These grants are  available to a wide range  of applicants, including state and local
governments, Federally-recognized Indian tribes and intertribal consortia, territories,  institutions
of higher learning,  and nonprofit organizations.  In addition, EPA will continue a  grant program
initiated in  FY 2007 which focuses on  low-income communities through  grants  to national
organizations engaged in working with these  communities.  This grant program  is designed to
help national and community  organizations reach under-served  populations that may have a
disproportionate  number of children with elevated blood lead levels.

Pollution Prevention Grants

       The FY 2009 request includes $4.9 million for Pollution Prevention grants.  The program
provides grant funds to deliver technical assistance to small and medium-sized businesses.
The  goal  is to  assist businesses  and industries with identifying improved  environmental
strategies  and solutions for reducing waste  at the source.  The program  demonstrates that
source reduction can be a  cost-effective  way of  meeting or  exceeding  Federal and state
regulatory requirements.  In  FY 2009, EPA is  targeting a  reduction of 494 million pounds of
                                                                                   A-3

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Appendix A: Categorical Grants


hazardous  material,  1,792  million  gallons of water conserved, $68  million  saved through
reduction in pollution and 1,581 billion BTUs conserved.

Environmental Information Grants

       In  FY 2009, EPA requests $11.0 million to  continue the Environmental Information
Exchange Network grant program.  Started  in 2002, the Exchange Network grant program
provides states, territories, and tribes with assistance developing the information  management
and technology (IM/IT) capabilities  they need to take full advantage of the potential benefits
provided  by  the  Exchange Network.   Enhancing  and expanding the Network  improves
environmental decision making and improves data quality,  timeliness  and accessibility while
reducing the  burden on those who provide it. Now that all 50 states, seven tribes, and one
territory have nodes, the emphasis in FY 2009 has shifted from building-out IT infrastructure to
upgrading technology  and expanding  environmental information management and exchange.
Exchange Network grants also support the work of the Environmental Council of the States and
the National Congress of American Indians, both of which are representatives of their respective
environmental communities as well as conveners and information disseminators.

Sfafe and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program

       The FY 2009  request includes  $22.8 million  for Underground Storage Tank  (LIST)
grants.  In FY 2009,  EPA will make grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste
Disposal  Act,  available to  support core  program activities  as well as the leak prevention
activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).

       In FY  2009, EPA will continue  to focus attention on the need to bring all LIST systems
into compliance and keep them in compliance  with the release detection and release prevention
requirements.  States will continue to use the  LIST categorical  grant funding to implement their
leak prevention and detection programs.  Specifically with the LIST categorical grants,  states will
fund such activities as seeking State Program Approval to operate the  LIST program in lieu of
the Federal program,  approving specific  technologies to detect leaks  from tanks, ensuring tank
owners and operators are complying with notification requirements, and addressing equipment
compatibility issues.   EPA  also will assist the states in implementing the  EPAct provisions
ensuring that states are developing operator training by August 8, 2009.  In addition, EPA will
use funds  for direct implementation of release  detection or release prevention (spill, overfill, and
corrosion protection requirements) programs  on Tribal lands where  EPA carries out the LIST
program.

Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants

       In  FY 2009, EPA requests  $103.3 million for Hazardous Waste  Financial Assistance
grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for the implementation of the
Resource  Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program, which includes
permitting, authorization, waste minimization,  enforcement, and corrective action  activities. In
FY 2009,  EPA expects to  increase the number of hazardous waste facilities  with new or
updated controls to prevent release by 100 facilities.

       By the end of FY  2009, EPA  and  the  authorized states  also will  control human
exposures to contamination at 60 RCRA corrective action facilities (from our 2008 baseline of
3,746).   Controlling  migration of contaminated  groundwater at  60 of these  facilities  and
A-4

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                                                      Appendix A: Categorical Grants


completing the  construction of final  remedies at  100 of these facilities also are targeted for
FY 2009.

Brownfields Grants

       In FY 2009, EPA requests $49.5 million to continue the Brownfields grant program that
provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state and Tribal response
programs.  This funding will help states and tribes develop legislation, regulations, procedures,
and guidance, to establish or enhance the administrative and legal structure of their response
programs.  In addition, grant funding will support technical outreach to address environmental
justice issues and Brownfields research.

Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants

       The FY  2009 EPA request includes $221.7 million for Water Pollution Control grants.
These funds  improve water quality standards through National  Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permitting, enhanced water quality monitoring activities and Total Maximum
Daily  Load (TMDL) development.   EPA will  work with  states to implement the new rules
governing discharges  from Concentrated Animal  Feeding Operations (CAFOs).   States and
authorized tribes will continue to review and update their water quality standards as required by
the Clean Water Act.  The Agency's goal is that 83 percent of state submissions will be
approvable in 2009.  EPA also encourages states to continually review and update the water
quality criteria in their standards to reflect the latest scientific information from EPA and other
sources. EPA's goal for 2009 is that 68  percent of states will have updated their standards to
reflect the latest scientific information in the past three years. In FY 2009, $18.5  million will be
designated for states and tribes that participate in collecting statistically valid water monitoring
data and implement enhancements in their water monitoring programs.

Wetlands Grants

       In FY 2009, the request  includes  $16.8 million for Wetlands Program  grants.  Through
Wetlands Program Development Grants, states, tribes, and local governments receive technical
and financial  assistance that will support the Administration's goal  of protecting, restoring, and
enhancing 3 million acres of wetlands.  These grants will do this through the development and
implementation  of state and Tribal wetland programs that improve  water quality in watersheds
throughout the country as well as assist private landowners, educate local governments, and
monitor and assess wetland quantity and quality.

Public Water System Supervision Grants

       In FY 2009, EPA requests $99.1  million for Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
grants.  These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce  National  Primary Drinking
Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the  Nation's drinking water resources and to protect
public health.  In FY 2009, the Agency  will emphasize that states  use their PWSS funds  to
ensure that drinking water systems of all sizes achieve or remain  in compliance and drinking
water  systems  of all  sizes are meeting new regulatory requirements,  e.g.,  Long Term 2
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and Ground Water Rule.
                                                                                  A-5

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Appendix A: Categorical Grants


Tribal General Assistance Program Grants

       In  FY 2009, EPA's request includes $57.9  million for the Tribal General Assistance
Program (GAP) to help Federally-recognized tribes and intertribal consortia develop, implement
and assume environmental programs.  In  FY 2009,  91  percent of Federally-recognized tribes
and intertribal consortia,  526 out of a universe of 572 eligible entities, will have access to an
environmental presence.

Homeland Security Grants

       In FY 2009, the request  includes $5.0 million for Homeland Security grants to support
states' efforts to work with drinking water and wastewater systems to develop and  enhance
emergency operations plans; conduct training in the  implementation of remedial plans in small
systems; and develop detection,  monitoring and treatment technology to enhance drinking water
and wastewater security.  Fifty-six states and  territories are eligible  for Homeland Security
grants.

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants

       In FY 2009,  EPA requests $10.9 million for  the  Underground Injection Control grants
program.  Ensuring safe  underground injection of waste materials is a fundamental component
of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are provided to states that have
primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and maintain UIC  programs.  EPA and
the  states will continue  to address Classes  I,  II, and  III  existing wells  determined  to be  in
significant violation and Class V wells determined to be in violation in FY 2009. EPA and the
states also will close or permit Motor Vehicle  Waste Disposal wells (Class V) identified during
FY 2009.   In addition, states and EPA will process UIC permit applications for experimental
carbon sequestration projects and gather information  from these pilots to facilitate the permitting
of large scale commercial carbon sequestration in the future.

BEACH Act Grants
       The FY 2009 request includes $9.9 million for the 35 states and  territories with Great
Lakes or coastal shorelines  to protect public health at the Nation's beaches.  The  Beaches
Environmental  Assessment and  Coastal Health  Act  (BEACH Act) of October 2000 authorizes
EPA to award  grants to help eligible states and territories develop and  implement beach
bacteria monitoring and notification programs.  These programs inform the public about the risk
of exposure to disease-causing microorganisms in coastal waters (including the Great Lakes).

Non-Point Source Program Grants (NPS - Clean Water Act Section 319)

       In FY 2009, EPA requests $184.6 million for Non-Point Source Program grants to states,
territories,  and tribes.  These grants enable states to use a  range of tools to implement  their
programs  including:  both  non-regulatory  and  regulatory  programs, technical  assistance,
financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer,  and demonstration projects.  The
request also eliminates the statutory one-third of one-percent cap on Clean Water Act Section
319 Non-point Source  Pollution grants that may  be awarded to tribes.  EPA's  goal  is to reduce
annually the amount  of runoff  of phosphorus,  nitrogen, and sediment through  319-funded
projects by 4.5 million pounds, 8.5 million pounds, and 700,000 tons, respectively.
A-6

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                              Appendix A: Categorical Grants
CATEGORICAL PROGRAM GRANTS (STAG)
      by National Program and State Grant
               (Dollars in Thousands)


NPM / Grant
Air & Radiation
State and Local Assistance
Tribal Assistance
Radon

Water
Pollution Control (Section 106)
Beaches Protection
Nonpoint Source (Section 319)
Wetlands Program Development
Targeted Watersheds
Wastewater Operator Training

Drinkinq Water
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS
Underground Injection Control (DIG)
Homeland Security

Hazardous Waste
H.W. Financial Assistance
Brownfields
Underground Storage Tanks

Pesticides & Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation
Lead
Toxic Substances Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement

Multimedia
Environmental Information
Pollution Prevention
Sector Program (Enf & Comp Assurance)
Tribal General Assistance Program

Total Categorical Grants
FY 2008
President's
Budet

$185,180
$10,940
$8,074
$204,194

$221,664
$9,900
$194,040
$16,830
$0
$0
$442,434

$99,100
$10,891
$4,950
$114,941

$103,346
$49,495
$22,274
$175,115

$12,970
$13,564
$5,099
$18,711
$50,344

$12,850
$5,940
$2,228
$56,925
$77,943
$1,064,971
FY 2008
FY 2009
Enacted President'sB
Budget

$216,825
$10,769
$7,948
$235,542

$218,206
$9,746
$200,857
$16,567
$9,845
$0
$455,221

$97,554
$10,721
$4,873
$113,148

$101,734
$48,723
$2,461
$152,918

$12,768
$13,352
$5,019
$18,419
$49,558

$9,844
$4,863
$1 ,209
$56,037
$71,953
$1,078,340
udet

$185,580
$13,300
$8,074
$206,954

$221 ,664
$9,900
$184,540
$16,830
$0
$0
$432,934

$99,100
$10,891
$4,950
$114,941

$103,346
$49,495
$22,800
$175,641

$12,970
$13,564
$5,099
$18,711
$50,344

$11,000
$4,940
$1 ,828
$57,925
$75,693
$1,056,507
Change
FY 08 EN
to FY09 PB

($31,245)
$2,531
$126
($28,588)

$3,458
$154
($16,317)
$263
($9,845)
$0
($22,287)

$1 ,546
$170
$77
$1,793

$1,612
$772
$20,339
$22,723

$202
$212
$80
$292
$786

$1,156
$77
$619
$1,888
$3,740
($21,833)
                                                  A-7

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                                                   Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
               Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing
                                  (Dollars in Millions)


Type / Grant
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
State Revolving Funds
Mexico Border
Alaska Native Villages
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program*
Brownfields Projects
Special Needs Projects
FY 2008
President's
Budget
$687,554
$842,167
$1,529,721
$10,000
$15,500
$35,000
$89,258
$149,758
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget
$689,080
$829,029
$1,518,109
$19,688
$24,610
$59,064
$93,518
$196,880
FY 2009
President's
Budget
$555,000
$842,167
$1,397,167
$10,000
$15,500
$49,220
$93,558
$168,278
Change
FY 08 EN
to FY09 PB
-$134,080
$13,138
-$120,942
-$9,688
-$9,110
-$9,844
$40
-$28,602
 Infrastructure Assistance Total
$1,679,479   $1,714,989  $1,565,445   -$149,544
   Formerly the Clean School Bus Program.

Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds

       The 2009 President's Budget includes a total of $1.565 billion for EPA's Infrastructure
programs  in the  State  and  Tribal  Assistance  Grant  (STAG)  account.   Approximately
$1.413 billion will support EPA's Goal 2: Clean and  Safe Water;  $103.6 million will support
EPA's  Goal  4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems; and $49.2 million will support Goal 1:
Clean Air and Global Climate Change.

       Infrastructure and targeted  projects  funding under the STAG appropriation provides
financial assistance to states,  municipalities, interstates,  and Tribal governments  to  fund  a
variety of drinking water, wastewater, air and Brownfields environmental projects. These funds
are essential to fulfill the Federal government's  commitment to help our state, Tribal and local
partners obtain adequate funding to construct  the  facilities required to comply with Federal
environmental requirements and ensure public health and revitalize contaminated properties.

       Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA works in
partnership  with the  states to  provide  low-cost loans  to  municipalities for  infrastructure
construction.  As set-asides of the SRF programs, grants are available to Indian  tribes and
Alaska Native Villages for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs based on national
priority lists.  The Brownfields  Environmental  Program provides states, tribes, and political
subdivisions (including cities,  towns,  and  counties)  the  necessary tools,  information, and
strategies  for  promoting  a  unified  approach  to   environmental  assessment,  cleanup,
characterization,  and redevelopment  at sites contaminated with  hazardous wastes and
petroleum contaminants.
                                                                                   B-1

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Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
       The resources included in this budget will enable the Agency, in conjunction with EPA's
state, local, and Tribal partners, to achieve several important goals for 2009.  Some of these
goals include:

     - 90 percent of the population  served by community water systems will receive drinking
       water meeting all health-based standards.

     - Award 107 assessment grants under the Brownfields program, bringing the cumulative
       total grants awarded to more  than 1,260 by the end of FY 2009 and paving the way for
       productive reuse  of these properties.  Brownfields  grantees will also leverage 3,800
       cleanup  and redevelopment jobs and  $685 million  in cleanup and redevelopment
       funding.

Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program

       In FY 2009, EPA will support  the National Clean Diesel program, authorized  in Sections
791-797 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.  This program focuses on reducing particulate matter
(PM)  by  up to 95  percent from  existing diesel  engines,  including on-highway and non-road
equipment  and  reducing  other,  smog-forming  emissions  such as  nitrogen oxides  and
hydrocarbons.   Five sectors are targeted for reduction:  freight,  construction,  school  buses,
agriculture, and ports.  Grants will be provided to eligible entities in areas of the country that are
not meeting ambient air quality standards.  This program will help provide  immediate reductions
by retrofitting the engines with emission control technologies sooner than would otherwise occur
through normal turnover of the fleet because these engines often remain in service for 20  or
more years.  In 2009, EPA will  issue and  manage various categories of  Diesel Emission
Reduction grants.  Seventy  percent of the  total funding available will  be used to establish:
(1) competitive National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC) grants to directly fund and/or finance
retrofits,  rebuilds, and replacement  as well as fuel  switching and fuel efficiency measures
associated  with diesel trucks, ships, school buses  and other  diesel equipment,;  (2) up  to
10  percent of those funds used to establish  grants to  advance emerging diesel emission
reduction technologies, with a focus on new technologies applicable to ocean-going vessels,
harbor craft, and goods movement; and (3) competitive grants to help qualifying entities (states,
local  governments,  ports,  etc.) create innovative Air  Quality Finance  Authorities/Programs
(AQFAs) that provide  low cost,  flexible  loans  for the purchase  of  new and cleaner used
equipment, as recommended by the  Agency's Environmental Finance Advisory Board (EFAB).
Thirty percent of the total funding  available will be used in formula grants to states to implement
state  diesel emission reduction programs defined under the Diesel Emission  Reduction Act
(DERA).  These funds will support EPA's Strategy for Sustainable Ports.  The Ports initiative is
comprised of many of the strategies  and technologies implemented through all four aspects of
the Diesel  Emission Reduction Program, as noted  above.   Through this initiative  EPA will
reduce supply chain emissions associated with the movement of goods through ports.
B-2

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                                                   Appendix B:  Infrastructure Finance
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds

       The Clean Water and  Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a
true  partnership between states,  localities  and the Federal government.   These programs
provide Federal financial assistance to states, localities,  and Tribal governments to protect the
nation's water  resources by  providing  funds for the construction  of  drinking water and
wastewater treatment facilities.  The state revolving funds  are two important elements  of the
nation's substantial investment in sewage treatment and drinking water systems, which provides
Americans with significant benefits in  the form of reduced water pollution and safe  drinking
water.

       EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water projects
through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF).  CWSRF projects include nonpoint
source, estuary, storm  water,  and  sewer overflow projects.  The dramatic progress made in
improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the 1970s is  a national success. In 1972,
only  84 million people were served by secondary or advanced wastewater treatment facilities.
Today, 99 percent of community wastewater treatment plants, serving 181 million people, use
secondary  treatment  or better. Water  infrastructure  projects  supported  by the program
contribute  to direct  ecosystem improvements  by lowering  the amount of nutrients and toxic
pollutants in all types of surface waters.   While great progress has been made,  many  rivers,
lakes and  ocean/coastal  areas still suffer an enormous influx of pollutants after heavy rains.
The contaminants result in beach closures, infect fish and degrade the ability of the watersheds
to sustain a healthy ecosystem.

       The FY 2009 request includes $555.0 million in funding for the CWSRF. Approximately
$26 billion has  been provided to capitalize the CWSRF, more than  three times the original Clean
Water Act authorized level of $8.4 billion. Total CWSRF funding available for loans since 1988
through June 2007,  reflecting loan repayments, state match dollars, and other funding sources,
exceeds $65  billion, of which  $63 billion  has been  provided  to  communities as financial
assistance. The following table illustrates the long-term financial picture for the CWSRF:
Annual Federal Capitalization
$555 million through 2011
($6.8 billion total, 2004-2011)
Revolving Level
$3.4 billion (in 2001 $)
Time Span
201 5 through 2040
       The DWSRF is designed to be self-sustaining over time and will help offset the costs of
ensuring safe drinking  water supplies  and assisting  small  communities in meeting  their
responsibilities. Since its inception in 1997, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF)
program has made available $12.8 billion to finance 4,985 infrastructure improvement projects
nationwide, with a return of $1.73 for every  $1 of Federal funds invested.  As of June 30, 2007,
$8.1 billion in capitalization grants  have  been awarded,  amounting to loans/assistance of
$12.6 billion. The following table illustrates the long-term financial picture for the DWSRF:
Annual Federal Capitalization
$842 million through 2018
Revolving Level
$1.2 billion (in 2001 $)
Time Span
201 9 through 2039
                                                                                   B-3

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Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
       Set-Asides for Tribes:  To improve public health and water quality on Tribal lands, the
       Agency will continue the 1.5 percent CWSRF set-aside for funding wastewater grants to
       tribes  as provided  in the Agency's 2002  appropriation.  The 2002 World Summit in
       Johannesburg adopted the goal of reducing the number of people  lacking access to
       basic sanitation by 50 percent by 2015.  Through this program, EPA contributes to this
       goal which will provide for the development of sanitation facilities for tribes and Alaska
       Native Villages.

Private Activity Bonds

       Included in the President's Budget is a proposal to exempt Private Activity Bonds (PABs)
used to finance drinking water  and wastewater infrastructure from the private activity bond
unified state volume cap. PABs are tax-exempt bonds  issued by a State or local  government,
the proceeds of which are used by another entity for a public purpose or by the government
entity itself for certain public-private partnerships.  By removing drinking water and wastewater
bonds from the volume cap, this proposal will provide States and communities greater access to
PABs to  help finance their water infrastructure needs  and increase capital investment in the
Nation's water infrastructure.

       This Water Enterprise Bond proposal would provide an exception to  the unified annual
State volume cap  on tax-exempt qualified private activity bonds  for exempt facilities for the
"furnishing  of water" or "sewage  facilities."   To ensure  the  long-term financial  health and
solvency of these drinking water and wastewater systems, communities using these bonds must
have demonstrated a process that will  move towards  full-cost pricing for services within  five
years of issuing the Private Activity Bonds.  This will help water systems become self-financing
and minimize the need for future subsidies.

Alaska Native Villages

       The President's  Budget provides  $15.5  million  for  Alaska native villages for  the
construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address  serious sanitation problems.
EPA will  continue to work  with the  Department of Health and Human Services' Indian Health
Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health Council and local communities to
provide needed financial  and technical assistance.

Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

Brownfields Environmental Projects

       The President's  Budget includes $93.6  million for  Brownfields environmental projects.
EPA will award grants  for assessment activities, cleanup, and revolving loan  funds (RLF).
Additionally, this includes cleanup of sites contaminated by petroleum or petroleum products
and  environmental job  training  grants. In FY  2009, the  funding  provided will result in  the
assessment of 1,000 Brownfields properties. Using EPA grant dollars, the brownfields grantees
will leverage cleanup and redevelopment jobs and $900 million in  cleanup and redevelopment
funding.
B-4

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                                                   Appendix B: Infrastructure Finance
Mexico Border

       The President's Budget includes a total of $10.0 million for water infrastructure projects
along the U.S./Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and human
health risks along the U.S./Mexico Border.  EPA's U.S./Mexico Border program provides funds
to support the planning, design and construction of high priority water and wastewater treatment
projects along the border. The  Agency's goal is  to provide  protection of people in the  U.S.-
Mexico border area from health risks by increasing the number of homes connected to potable
water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems.

Rescission of Balances from Prior Years

       EPA will continue to review old unliquidated obligations for potential rescission.
In FY 2009, EPA will rescind $10.0 million from no longer viable projects.
                                                                                  B-5

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Appendix B:  Infrastructure Finance
B-6

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                                                            Appendix C:  Trust Funds
                                Trust Funds
                                 (Dollars in Millions)


Superfund2
Inspector General (Transfers)
Research & Development
(Transfers)
Superfund Total
Base Realignment and Closure3
LUST
Trust Funds Total:
FY 2008
President's
Budget1
$
$1,211
$7
$26
$1,245
$0
$72
$1,317
FTE
3,057
44
105
3,206
78
75
3,359
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget1
$
$1,217
$11
$26
$1,254
$0
$106
$1,360
FTE
3,057
44
105
3,206
78
75
3,359
FY 2009
President's
Budget1
$
$1,231
$7
$26
$1,264
$0
$72
$1,337
FTE
3,032
44
110
3,186
76
75
3,337
1 Totals may not add due to rounding.
2 Includes about $26 million for the Department of Justice in FY 2008 and approximately $24 million in FY
2009.
3 Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement.
Superfund
       In FY 2009, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,264 million in discretionary
budget authority and  3,186 total workyears for Superfund.  Currently, 95 percent of the 1,569
sites on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) are either undergoing cleanup construction,
are completed, or are deleted.

       Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $827 million and 1,415 total workyears are
for  Superfund cleanups. The Agency's Superfund cleanup program  addresses  public health
and environmental threats from uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances.  The Agency
expects to demonstrate significant progress in  reducing  risks to  human  health and the
environment.  In FY 2009, EPA and its partners anticipate completing construction activities at
35 Superfund NPL sites to achieve the overall goal of 1,095 total construction completions by
the end of FY 2009.

       The Agency works with several Federal agencies that provide essential services in areas
where  the Agency does not possess the specialized expertise.   In  FY 2009,  other Federal
agencies,  including the United States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                                                                                  C-1

-------
Appendix C: Trust Funds
Administration, and the Department  of the Interior, will provide  support  to the Agency for
Superfund cleanups.

       Of the total funding requested,  $186 million and 1,093 total workyears are for Superfund
enforcement related  activities.  One  of the Superfund program's primary goals  is to have
responsible parties pay for and conduct  cleanups  at abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites.  The program focuses on maximizing all aspects  of Potentially Responsible Party
(PRP) participation; including reaching a settlement with or taking an enforcement action by the
time of a Remedial Action start at 90 percent of non-Federal Facility Superfund sites.

       The Agency has also been encouraging the establishment and use of Special Accounts,
which provide EPA with the ability to clean up sites using funds provided by responsible parties.
At sites with multiple  PRPs, funds recovered from individual responsible parties and placed in
special accounts can  be provided to other PRP(s) as an incentive to perform cleanup work they
might not be willing to perform, or used by the agency to fund cleanup.  The result is the Agency
can preserve  appropriated Trust Fund dollars for other sites where there are no viable PRPs.
Where PRP negotiations and  previous enforcement actions fail, EPA uses  its appropriation to
cleanup sites and then seeks to recover those costs from PRPs.

       The FY  2009 President's Budget also includes  resources  supporting Agencywide
resource management and  control functions.  This includes essential infrastructure, contract
and grant administration, and financial  accounting and other fiscal operations.

       In addition,  the Agency provides funds for Superfund  program research and  auditing.
The  President's  Budget requests  $26 million  and  110 total  workyears to be transferred to
Research and Development for innovative cleanup technology testing. The Superfund  research
program is driven by  program office needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites,
improve  the  efficiency  of characterizing and  remediating sites,  and  reduce the  scientific
uncertainties for improved decision-making at  Superfund sites.  The  President's Budget also
requests $7 million and  44  total workyears  to be transferred to the  Inspector  General for
program auditing.

Base Realignment and Closure Act

       The FY 2009  President's  Budget requests 76 reimbursable workyears to  conduct the
Base  Realignment and  Closure (BRAC)  program.   Since 1993,  EPA has worked  with  the
Department of  Defense  (DOD) and  the  states'  environmental programs to make  property
environmentally acceptable for transfer, while protecting  human health and  the environment at
realigning or closing  military installations.  Between  1988 and 2005, over 500 major military
installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense Logistics  Agency have been
slated for realignment or closure. Under the first four rounds of BRAC (BRAC I-IV), 107 of those
sites were identified as requiring accelerated cleanup.  EPA's participation  in the acceleration
process of the first four rounds of BRAC has been funded by an interagency agreement which
expires  on September 30, 2011.  The accelerated  cleanup process strives to make parcels
available for reuse as quickly as possible, by transfer of uncontaminated or remediated parcels,
lease of contaminated parcels where  cleanup is underway, or "early transfer" of contaminated
property undergoing cleanup.  Seventy-two Federal facilities currently listed on the NPL were
identified under the fifth round of BRAC (BRAC V) as closing,  realigning, or gaining personnel.
The  FY 2009  request  does  not include support  for BRAC-related  services  to  DOD  at
C-2

-------
                                                           Appendix C:  Trust Funds
BRAC  V facilities.   If  EPA  services are required at levels above its base  for BRAC  V
installations, the Agency will require reimbursement from DOD for the costs the Agency incurs
to provide those additional services.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

       The FY 2009 President's Budget requests $72 million and 75 total workyears for the
Leaking Underground Storage Tank  (LUST) program.   Not less than  80  percent of LUST
appropriated funds will be used in cooperative  agreements for states and tribes to carry out
specific purposes. EPA  will  continue to work with the states  to  achieve  more cleanups
completed each year, and reduce the  FY 2007 backlog of 108,766 cleanups not yet completed.
Since the beginning of the  Underground Storage Tank (UST) program,  EPA has cleaned up
almost 77 percent (or 365,361) of all reported releases. In FY 2009, the LUST program will
achieve 30 cleanups in Indian Country that meet risk-based  standards for human exposure and
groundwater migration.
                                                                                C-3

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Page Intentionally Blank

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                                                     Appendix D: Budget Tables
        Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation
                             (Dollars in Thousands)
            Appropriation Account
  FY 2008    FY 2008     FY 2009
President's  Enacted   President's
  Budget     Budget	Budget
 Science & Technology (S&T)1

 Environmental Programs and Management (EPM)

 Office of Inspector General1

 Buildings & Facilities

 Oil Spill Response

 Superfund (SF)
 - Superfund Programs
 - Inspector General Transfer
 - Science & Technology Transfer

 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

 State & Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)

 Rescission of Prior Year Funds
   $754,506   $760,084
    ($5,000)    ($5,000)
$763,527
  $2,298,188  $2,327,962    $2,338,353

    $38,008    $41,099       $39,483

    $34,801    $34,258       $35,001

    $17,280    $17,056       $17,687

  $1,244,706  $1,253,998    $1,264,233
  $1,211,431  $1,216,794     $1,230,652
      $7,149     $11,486        $7,164
     $26,126     $25,718       $26,417

    $72,461   $105,816       $72,284

  $2,744,450  $2,937,051    $2,621,952
($10,000)
                Agency Total:
  $7,199,400  $7,472,324    $7,142,520
1 Does not include Superfund transfers-see the Superfund line items below for annual amounts.
                                                                           D-1

-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables
                 Environmental Protection Agency
             Summary of Agency Resources by Goal
                           (Dollars in Thousands)
Goal
 FY 2008
President's
  Budget
FY 2008
Enacted
Budget
 FY 2008
President's
  Budget
1 - Clean Air and Global Climate Change       $91 o,365     $971,739    $938,582

2 - Clean and Safe Water                  $2,714,507    $2,854,782   $2,580,704
3 - Land Preservation and Restoration
 $1,662,990    $1,688,592   $1,691,128
4 - Healthy Communities and Ecosystems    $1,174,062    $1,227,363   $1,191,004
5 - Compliance and Environmental
   Stewardship

Rescission of Prior Year's Funds
   $742,478     $734,848    $751,102

   ($5,000)      ($5,000)    ($10,000)
Total
 $7,199,402    $7,472,324   $7,142,520
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
D-2
   NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program

-------
                                                  Appendix D: Budget Tables
               Resources by Program / Project
                           (Dollars in Thousands)

Science & Technology
Air Toxics and Quality
Climate Protection Program
Enforcement
Homeland Security
(Water Sentinel)
(Decontamination)
(Laboratory Preparedness and Response)
(Safe Bui/dings)
Indoor Air
IT / Data Management / Security
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
(Utilities)
(Security)
Pesticides Licensing
Research: Clean Air
(Research: Global Change)
Research: Clean Water
Research / Congressional Priorities
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
(Research: Computational Toxicology)
(Research: Endocrine Disruptor)
(Research: Fellowships)
Research: Land Protection
Research: Sustainability
Toxic Research and Prevention
Water: Human Health Protection
Total, Science & Technology
2008
President's
Budget

$92,960.0
$13,104.0
$15,075.0
$66,948.0
($21,884.0)
($20,738.0)
($600.0)
($4,000.0)
$1,216.0
$3,499.0
$73,859.0
($35,521.0)
($18,392.0)
($11,179.0)
$5,881.0
$97,962.0
($16,908.0)
$105,002.0
$0.0
$217,574.0
($15,103.0)
($10,131.0)
($8,438.0)
$10,737.0
$22,478.0
$24,795.0
$3,416.0
$754,506.0
2008
Enacted
Budget

$96,015.0
$18,331.0
$14,882.0
$54,135.0
($11,705.0)
($20,444.0)
($591.0)
($1,969.0)
$1,199.0
$3,453.0
$72,707.0
($34,967.0)
($18,105.0)
($11,005.0)
$5,802.0
$99,681.0
($19,688.0)
$104,348.0
$5,316.0
$223,663.0
($12,135.0)
($10,317.0)
($9,845.0)
$10,591.0
$22,127.0
$24,459.0
$3,375.0
$760,084.0
2009
President's
Budget

$97,316.0
$11,402.0
$15,557.0
$73,935.0
($22,637.0)
($28,805.0)
($500.0)
($2,000.0)
$1,231.0
$3,859.0
$74,884.0
($35,521.0)
($18,547.0)
($11,989.0)
$6,164.0
$96,953.0
($16,365.0)
$101,462.0
$0.0
$217,317.0
($14,863.0)
($9,502.0)
($8,887.0)
$13,350.0
$19,970.0
$26,568.0
$3,559.0
$763,527.0
Change
FY08 Enacted
to FY 09PresBud

$1,301.0
-$6,929.0
$675.0
$19,800.0
($10,932.0)
($8,361.0)
(-$91.0)
($31.0)
$32.0
$406.0
$2,177.0
($554.0)
($442.0)
($984.0)
$362.0
-$2,728.0
(-$3,323.0)
-$2,886.0
-$5,316.0
-$6,346.0
($2,728.0)
(-$815.0)
(-$958.0)
$2,759.0
-$2,157.0
$2,109.0
$184.0
$3,443.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program
                                                                        D-3

-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables

Environmental Program & Management
Air Toxics and Quality
Brownfields
Climate Protection Program
(Energy STAR)
(Methane to markets)
(Asian Pacific Partnership)
(Greenhouse Gas Reporting Registry)
Compliance
Enforcement
(Environmental Justice)
Environmental Protection / Congressional
Priorities
Geographic Programs
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay
Geographic Program: Great Lakes
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain
Geographic Program: Other
(San Francisco Bay)
(Geographic Program: Puget Sound)
(Lake Pontchartrain)
(Community Action for a Renewed
Environment (CARE))
(Geographic Program: Other (other
activities)
Regional Geographic Initiatives
Homeland Security
(Decontamination)
(Laboratory Preparedness and Response)
Indoor Air
Information Exchange / Outreach
2008
President's
Budget

$188,561.0
$23,450.0
$87,927.0
($43,926.0)
($4,436.0)
($5,000.0)
($0.0)
$132,761.0
$187,666.0
($3,822.0)
$0.0
$74,511.0
$28,768.0
$21,757.0
$467.0
$4,457.0
$934.0
$8,575.0
($0.0)
($1,000.0)
($978.0)
($3,448.0)
($3,149.0)
$9,553.0
$24,419.0
($3,479.0)
($500.0)
$26,869.0
$117,206.0
2008
Enacted
Budget

$186,845.0
$23,665.0
$90,374.0
($48,236.0)
($4,369.0)
($0.0)
($3,445.0)
$127,069.0
$194,265.0
($6,399.0)
$13,437.0
$97,533.0
$30,528.0
$21,686.0
$4,922.0
$5,618.0
$2,707.0
$32,072.0
($4,922.0)
($19,688.0)
($963.0)
($3,394.0)
($3,105.0)
$0.0
$24,064.0
($3,426.0)
($492.0)
$26,995.0
$124,366.0
2009
President's
Budget

$192,951.0
$22,732.0
$87,008.0
($44,221.0)
($4,546.6)
($5,000.0)
($0.0)
$132,723.0
$200,550.0
($3,811.0)
$0.0
$69,800.0
$29,001.0
$22,261.0
$467.0
$4,578.0
$934.0
$7,715.0
($0.0)
($1,000.0)
($978.0)
($2,448.0)
($3,289.0)
$4,844.0
$23,526.0
($3,511.0)
($0.0)
$24,668.0
$119,868.0
Change
FY08 Enacted
to FY 09PresBud

$6,106.0
-$933.0
-$3,366.0
(-$4,015.0)
($177.6)
($5,000.0)
(-$3,445.0)
$5,654.0
$6,285.0
(-$2,588.0)
-$13,437.0
-$27,733.0
-$1,527.0
$575.0
-$4,455.0
-$1,040.0
-$1,773.0
-$24,357.0
(-$4,922.0)
(-$18,688.0)
($15.0)
(-$946.0)
($184.0)
$4,844.0
-$538.0
($85.0)
(-$492.0)
-$2,327.0
-$4,498.0
D-4
      NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program

-------
                                                  Appendix D: Budget Tables
               Resources by Program / Project
                           (Dollars in Thousands)

(Children and Other Sensitive Populations:
Agency Coordination)
(Environmental Education)
International Programs
(US Mexico Border)
IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
(Utilities)
(Security)
Pesticides Licensing
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA)
(eManifest)
Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
(Endocrine Disrupters)
(HPVA/CCEP)
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
Water: Ecosystems
Great Lakes Legacy Act
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways
Wetlands
Water: Human Health Protection
Water Quality Protection
Total, Environmental Program & Management
Inspector General
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Total, Inspector General
2008
President's
Budget
($6,203.0)
($0.0)
$17,755.0
($4,646.0)
$96,602.0
$123,361.0
$472,294.0
($165,817.0)
($8,210.0)
($25,344.0)
$118,158.0
$122,397.0
($4,000.0)
$90,071.0
($5,890.0)
($11,015.0)
$11,719.0
$73,721.0
$35,000.0
$17,203.0
$21,518.0
$99,797.0
$208,943.0
$2,298,188.0

$38,008.0
$38,008.0
2008
Enacted
Budget
($6,144.0)
($8,860.0)
$18,357.0
($5,439.0)
$96,257.0
$116,953.0
$462,769.0
($161,261.0)
($8,082.0)
($24,949.0)
$116,744.0
$118,868.0
($0.0)
$89,617.0
($8,663.0)
($12,049.0)
$11,572.0
$82,481.0
$34,454.0
$26,779.0
$21,248.0
$99,511.0
$206,220.0
$2,327,962.0

$41,099.0
$41,099.0
2009
President's
Budget
($6,309.0)
($0.0)
$18,624.0
($4,902.0)
$100,150.0
$125,071.0
$492,509.0
($164,866.0)
($11,333.0)
($25,676.0)
$116,366.0
$120,526.0
($2,000.0)
$90,401.0
($5,847.0)
($11,381.0)
$12,256.0
$74,462.0
$35,000.0
$17,239.0
$22,223.0
$102,271.0
$211,891.0
$2,338,353.0

$39,483.0
$39,483.0
Change
FY08 Enacted
to FY 09PresBud
($165.0)
(-$8,860.0)
$267.0
(-$537.0)
$3,893.0
$8,118.0
$29,740.0
($3,605.0)
($3,251.0)
($727.0)
-$378.0
$1,658.0
($2,000.0)
$784.0
(-$2,816.0)
(-$668.0)
$684.0
-$8,019.0
$546.0
-$9,540.0
$975.0
$2,760.0
$5,671.0
$10,391.0

-$1,616.0
-$1,616.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program
                                                                        D-5

-------
Appendix D: Budget Tables

Building and Facilities
Homeland Security
Operations and Administration
Total, Building and Facilities
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Air Toxics and Quality
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Compliance
Enforcement
(Environmental Justice)
(Superfund: Enforcement)
(Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement)
Homeland Security
(Decontamination)
(Laboratory Preparedness and Response)
Information Exchange / Outreach
IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
(Utilities)
(Security)
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Research: Land Protection
Superfund Cleanup
Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal
Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness
Superfund: Federal Facilities
Superfund: Remedial
Superfund: Support to Other Federal Agencies
Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund
2008
President's
Budget
$7,870.0
$26,931.0
$34,801.0

$2,373.0
$7,149.0
$1,348.0
$185,411.0
($757.0)
($161,610.0)
($9,843.0)
$47,731.0
($10,725.0)
($6,064.0)
$1,588.0
$17,130.0
$1,443.0
$131,992.0
($44,997.0)
($2,466.0)
($6,767.0)
$3,972.0
$20,081.0
$824,488.0
$191,880.0
$9,318.0
$31,879.0
$584,836.0
$6,575.0
$1,244,706.0
2008
Enacted
Budget
$7,747.0
$26,511.0
$34,258.0

$2,342.0
$11,486.0
$1,346.0
$189,816.0
($745.0)
($164,845.0)
($9,726.0)
$47,042.0
($10,566.0)
($5,971.0)
$1,565.0
$16,863.0
$1,565.0
$130,092.0
($44,295.0)
($2,428.0)
($6,661.0)
$3,910.0
$19,768.0
$828,203.0
$190,011.0
$9,195.0
$31,447.0
$591,078.0
$6,472.0
$1,253,998.0
2009
President's
Budget
$8,070.0
$26,931.0
$35,001.0

$2,414.0
$7,164.0
$1,360.0
$185,789.0
($757.0)
($163,678.0)
($10,225.0)
$59,549.0
($10,818.0)
($9,589.0)
$1,433.0
$17,673.0
$1,477.0
$135,536.0
($45,353.0)
($3,042.0)
($6,524.0)
$3,325.0
$21,021.0
$827,492.0
$193,853.0
$9,504.0
$31,440.0
$586,120.0
$6,575.0
$1,264,233.0
Change
FY08 Enacted
to FY 09PresBud
$323.0
$420.0
$743.0

$72.0
-$4,322.0
$14.0
-$4,027.0
($12.0)
(-$1,167.0)
($499.0)
$12,507.0
($252.0)
($3,618.0)
-$132.0
$810.0
-$88.0
$5,444.0
($1,058.0)
($614.0)
(-$137.0)
-$585.0
$1,253.0
-$711.0
$3,842.0
$309.0
-$7.0
-$4,958.0
$103.0
$10,235.0
D-6
      NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program

-------
                                                  Appendix D: Budget Tables
               Resources by Program / Project
                           (Dollars in Thousands)

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Compliance
IT / Data Management / Security
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
Research: Land Protection
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
(LUST/UST)
(LUST Cooperative Agreements)
(EPAct & Related Authorities Implemention)
Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Oil Spill Response
Compliance
Enforcement
IT / Data Management / Security
Oil
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
Research: Land Protection
Total, Oil Spill Response
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native
Villages
Brownfields Projects
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
CA Emission Reduction Project Grants
2008
President's
Budget

$688.0
$177.0
$2,171.0
($696.0)
$660.0
$68,765.0
($10,558.0)
($58,207.0)
($0.0)
$72,461.0

$291.0
$2,065.0
$34.0
$13,499.0
$490.0
($438.0)
$901.0
$17,280.0
$687,554.0
$842,167.0
$0.0
$15,500.0
$89,258.0
$35,000.0
$0.0
2008
Enacted
Budget

$709.0
$174.0
$2,137.0
($685.0)
$650.0
$102,146.0
($10,393.0)
($61,237.0)
($30,516.0)
$105,816.0

$286.0
$2,072.0
$33.0
$13,290.0
$488.0
($431.0)
$887.0
$17,056.0
$689,080.0
$829,029.0
$143,723.0
$24,610.0
$93,518.0
$49,220.0
$9,844.0
2009
President's
Budget

$753.0
$162.0
$2,201.0
($696.0)
$413.0
$68,755.0
($10,548.0)
($58,207.0)
($0.0)
$72,284.0

$303.0
$2,233.0
$24.0
$13,927.0
$496.0
($438.0)
$704.0
$17,687.0
$555,000.0
$842,167.0
$0.0
$15,500.0
$93,558.0
$49,220.0
$0.0
Change
FY08 Enacted
to FY 09PresBud

$44.0
-$12.0
$64.0
($11.0)
-$237.0
-$33,391.0
($155.0)
(-$3,030.0)
(-$30,516.0)
-$33,532.0

$17.0
$161.0
-$9.0
$637.0
$8.0
($7.0)
-$183.0
$631.0
-$134,080.0
$13,138.0
-$143,723.0
-$9,110.0
$40.0
$0.0
-$9,844.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program
                                                                        D-7

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Appendix D: Budget Tables

Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Categorical Grants
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial
Assistance
Categorical Grant: Homeland Security
Categorical Grant: Lead
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program
Implementation
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
(Monitoring Grants)
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
Categorical Grant: Public Water System
Supervision (PWSS)
Categorical Grant: Radon
Categorical Grant: Sector Program
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality
Management
Categorical Grant: Targeted Watersheds
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances
Compliance
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality
Management
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance
Program
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection
Control (UIC)
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program
Development
Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants
2008
President's
Budget
$10,000.0
$1,064,971.0
$9,900.0
$49,495.0
$12,850.0
$103,346.0
$4,950.0
$13,564.0
$194,040.0
$18,711.0
$12,970.0
$221,664.0
($18,500.0)
$5,940.0
$99,100.0
$8,074.0
$2,228.0
$185,180.0
$0.0
$5,099.0
$10,940.0
$56,925.0
$10,891.0
$22,274.0
$16,830.0
$2,744,450.0
2008
Enacted
Budget
$19,688.0
$1,078,339.0
$9,746.0
$48,723.0
$9,844.0
$101,734.0
$4,873.0
$13,352.0
$200,857.0
$18,419.0
$12,768.0
$218,206.0
($18,211.0)
$4,863.0
$97,554.0
$7,948.0
$1,209.0
$216,825.0
$9,844.0
$5,019.0
$10,769.0
$56,037.0
$10,721.0
$2,461.0
$16,567.0
$2,937,051.0
2009
President's
Budget
$10,000.0
$1,056,507.0
$9,900.0
$49,495.0
$11,000.0
$103,346.0
$4,950.0
$13,564.0
$184,540.0
$18,711.0
$12,970.0
$221,664.0
($18,500.0)
$4,940.0
$99,100.0
$8,074.0
$1,828.0
$185,580.0
$0.0
$5,099.0
$13,300.0
$57,925.0
$10,891.0
$22,800.0
$16,830.0
$2,621,952.0
Change
FY08 Enacted
to FY 09PresBud
-$9,688.0
-$21,832.0
$154.0
$772.0
$1,156.0
$1,612.0
$77.0
$212.0
-$16,317.0
$292.0
$202.0
$3,458.0
($289.0)
$77.0
$1,546.0
$126.0
$619.0
-$31,245.0
-$9,844.0
$80.0
$2,531.0
$1,888.0
$170.0
$20,339.0
$263.0
-$315,099.0
D-8
      NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program

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                                                                   Appendix D:  Budget Tables
                        Resources by Program / Project
                                       (Dollars in Thousands)
                                               2008          2008         2009         Change
                                            President's      Enacted      President's     FY08 Enacted
                                              Budget	Budget	Budget     to FY OQPresBud
TOTAL, EPA (Excludes Rescission to Prior Year
Funds)                                        $7,204,400.0    $7,477,324.0    $7,152,520.0       -$324,804.0


Rescission to Prior Year Funds                       -$5,000.0      -$5,000.0      -$10,000.0         -$5,000.0


TOTAL, EPA                                   $7,199,400.0    $7,472,324.0    $7,142,520.0       -$329,804.0
      NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program
                                                                                              D-9

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                                                          Appendix E:  Acronyms
                  Environmental Protection Agency
                            List of Acronyms
AA       Assistant Administrator
ADR     Alternative Dispute Resolution
ARA     Assistant Regional Administrator
ATSDR   Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
B&F     Buildings and Facilities
CAA     Clean Air Act
CAFO    Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
CAIR     Clean Air Allowance Trading Program
CARE    Community Action for a Renewed Environment
CAP     Clean Air Partnership Fund
CBEP    Community-Based Environmental Protection
CCAP    Climate Change Action Plan
CCTI     Climate Change Technology Initiative
CEIS     Center for Environmental Information and Statistics
CFO     Chief Financial Officer
CG       Categorical Grant
CSI      Common Sense Initiative
CSO     Combined Sewer Overflows
CWA     Clean Water Act
CWAP    Clean Water Action Plan
DBP     Disinfectant By Products
DfE      Design for the Environment
DFAS    Defense Finance and Accounting System
EDP     Environmental Leadership Project
EJ       Environmental Justice
EPAct    Energy Policy Act of 2005
EPCRA   Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act
EPM     Environmental Programs and Management
ERRS    Emergency Rapid Response Services
ESC     Executive Steering Committee
ETI       Environmental Technology Initiative
ETV     Environmental Technology Verification
FAN     Fixed Account Numbers
FCO     Funds Certifying Officer
FASAB   Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
FIFRA    Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
FMFIA    Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
FQPA    Food Quality Protection Act
GAPG    General Assistance Program Grants
GHG     Greenhouse Gas
GPRA    Government Performance and Results Act
HSWA    Hazardous and  Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
HPV     High Production Volume
HS       Homeland Security
HWIR    Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules
                                                                            E-1

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Appendix E: Acronyms


                  Environmental Protection Agency
                             List of Acronyms


IAG       I nteragency Agreements
ICR       Information Collection Rule
IFMS      Integrated Financial Management System
IPCC      Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRM       Information Resource Management
ISTEA     Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
ITMRA    Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA Clinger/Cohen Act
LUST      Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
MACT     Maximum Achievable  Control Technology
NAAQs    National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAFTA    North American Free Trade Agreement
NAPA     National Academy of Public Administration
NAS      National Academy of Science
NDPD     National Data Processing Division
NEP      National Estuary Program
NEPPS    National Environmental Performance Partnership System
NESHAP  National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NOA      New Obligation Authority
NPDES    National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPL      National Priority List
NPM      National Program Manager
NPR      National Performance Review
NPS      Non-Point Source
OAM      Office of Acquisition Management
OA       Office of the Administrator
OAR      Office of Air and  Radiation
OARM     Office of Administration and Resources Management
OCFO     Office of the Chief Financial Officer
OCHP     Office of Children's Health Protection
OECA     Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
OEI       Office of Environmental Information
OERR     Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
OFA      Other Federal Agencies
OFPP     Office of Federal Procurement Policy
OGC      Office of the General Counsel
OIA       Office of International Affairs
OIG       Office of the Inspector General
OMTR     Open market trading rule
OPAA     Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability
OPPTS    Office of Pesticides, Prevention and Toxic Substances
ORD      Office of Research  and Development
OSWER   Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
OTAG     Ozone Transport Advisory Group
OW       Office of Water
PBTs      Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics
PC&B     Personnel, Compensation  and Benefits
E-2

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                                                         Appendix E: Acronyms
                  Environmental Protection Agency
                            List of Acronyms

PM       Particulate Matter
PNGV     Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
POTWs    Publicly Owned Treatment Works
PPG      Performance Partnership Grants
PRC      Program Results Code
PWSS     Public Water System Supervision
RC       Responsibility Center
RCRA     Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
RGI       Regional Geographic Initiative
RMP      Risk Management Plan
RPIO      Responsible Planning Implementation Office
RR       Reprogramming Request
RWTA     Rural Water Technical Assistance
S&T      Science and Technology
SALC     Sub-allocation (level)
SARA     Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizations Act of 1986
SBO      Senior Budget Officer
SBREFA   Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
SDWA     Safe Drinking Water Act
SDWIS    Safe Drinking Water Information System
SITE      Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
SLC      Senior Leadership Council
SRF      State Revolving Fund
SRO      Senior Resource Official
STAG     State and Tribal Assistance Grants
STORS    Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor
SWP      Source Water Protection
SWTR     Surface Water Treatment Rule
TMDL     Total Maximum Daily Load
TRI       Toxic Release Inventory
TSCA     Toxic Substances Control Act
UIC       Underground Injection Control
LIST      Underground Storage Tanks
WCF      Working Capital Fund
WIF       Water Infrastructure Funds
WIPP     Waste Isolation Pilot Project
                                                                            E-3

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Appendix E: Acronyms
             Environmental Protection Agency
                    List of Acronyms
E-4

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Appendix D: Budget Tables
D-

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                              Appendix E Acronyms
Environmental Protection Agency
        List of Acronyms
                                         E-1

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