School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                           Rev. No. 6
                                         June 12, 2009
    STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
                     FOR
MEASUREMENT OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
          USING THE BUCK ELITE-5
              SAMPLING PUMP
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      Region 4, Science and Ecosystem Support Division
               Athens, Georgia, 30605
                   Page 1 of 17

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                                 School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                            Rev. No. 6
                                                          June 12, 2009
                          Acknowledgement

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was developed by EPA Region 4,
Science and Ecosystem Support Division. This SOP is based on the
Commonwealth of Kentucky's ambient monitoring SOP template.  Special thanks
to ERG for operational content and illustrations.

For questions or comments please contact:

Greg Noah, EPA, Region 4, SESD at noah.greg@epa.gov or 706-355-8635
Adam Eisele, EPA, Region 8, OPRA at eisele.adam(S)epa.gov or 303-312-6838
Mike Jones, EPA-OAQPS-AQAD at iones.michael@epa.gov or 919-541-0528
                            Page 2 of 17

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                                     School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                                  Rev. No. 6
                                                               June 12, 2009
                             Table of Contents

I.  Introduction	4
II.  Installation	6
      A.  Sampler Siting	6
      B.  Sampler Installation	6
III. Operating Procedure	11
      A.  Equipment and Supplies	11
      B.  Initial Receipt Activities	11
      C.  Setting the Flow Rate	11
      D.  Pump Calibration	12
      E.  Conducting the Sampling Event	12
            Site Arrival Daily Activities	12
            Preparing Sampler for a Sampling Event	12
            Retrieving DNPH Cartridges	14
            Field Data Recovery	15
            Sample Shipping	15
IV. Data Forms	16
      A.  ERG Carbonyl Compounds Sample Data	17
                                Page 3 of 17

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                                School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                            Rev. No. 6
                                                          June 12, 2009
INTRODUCTION

This procedure is designed to provide instruction on collecting ambient
carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) using the Buck Elite-5 personal
air sampling pump. The procedure follows the tenets/specifications presented
in EPA's Compendium Method TO-11 A. Carbonyl compounds are adsorbed
and converted into stable hydrazones using dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)
cartridges.

The Buck Elite is a battery-powered, data logging personal air sampler that is
capable of programmed start/stop and duration sampling.  The Buck Elite has
a data logging feature that can store seven days of sampling data in  its
internal memory if data is logged every minute.  The sampling time should
always be 24 hours for the Toxics in Schools Study.

The Buck Elite was designed to operate from 0.8 standard liter per minute
(800 cc per minute) to 6.0 standard liters per minute. The flow rate accuracy
is guaranteed to + 5% of the calibration set point.

This SOP is designed to be a step by step method for operating the sampler
to be used in conjunction with the manufacturer's operators manual.
Laboratory Analysis Methodology may be referenced by contacting the
Eastern Research Group (ERG) directly at 919-468-7800 or by email
Julie.Swift(S)erg.com.  Maintenance and troubleshooting should be conducted
using the operator's manual.
                          Page 4 of 17

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                                 School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                             Rev. No. 6
                                                           June 12, 2009
               FIGURE 1. Buck Elite-5 Sampling Pump
                     Photograph courtesy of A. P. Buck Inc.
INSTALLATION
                           Page 5 of 17

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                                 School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                               Rev. No. 6
                                                            June 12, 2009
A.   Sampler Siting
     Check the areas for safety.  Ensure there will be enough room for the
     operator to move freely while working, and ensure physical conditions of
     the location will allow the operator to work safely.

     The sampler should be set in a location unobstructed from any side.  No
     tree limbs or other hanging obstructions should be above the sampler. It
     is suggested that the  horizontal distance from the sampler to the closest
     vertical obstruction higher than the sampler be at least twice the height of
     the vertical obstruction.

     Locate the sampler on a reasonably level structure with  the probe inlet
     positioned at a height between two (2) and fifteen (15) meters above the
     ground.

B.   Sampler Installation

     The inlet of the probe must be at least 2 meters above ground level and
     the probe inlet line length can be no more than 2 feet long.  Also, the
     sampling pump and collection media (i.e., 03 scrubber and DNPH
     Cartridge) must be placed inside an enclosure/storage container to shield
     it from weather. The  inlet of the probe must be at least 2 meters above
     ground level and the  probe inlet line length can be no more than 2 feet
     long.  Also, the sampling pump must be placed inside an
     enclosure/storage container to shield it from weather. To keep the
     contents inside the container cool, the container should  be opaque and
     light in color.

     To accomplish this, the sampling pump container must be attached to a
     tripod or stand or placed on a table to meet this probe inlet height
     requirement, while using an inlet probe no longer than 2 feet. A hole
     should be cut in the bottom of the container to allow for pass through of
     the sampling probe.  Note the shape of the supplied sampling probe in
     Figure 6 and where the best position will be for the inlet  before drilling.
     Try to keep the stainless steel tubing close to the side of the container to
     secure it if necessary.

     Attach the inlet probe to the bottom  of the container by unscrewing and
     removing the top nut  where the inside sample line will attach and the top
     nut on the bulkhead fitting. From the bottom of the container, insert the

     top of the bulkhead fitting up  into the container and replace the bulkhead
     nut and sample line nut. Ensure the bulkhead nut is tight, but do not over
     tighten.  To provide stability to the probe, holes may be drilled into the

                            Page 6 of 17

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                            School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                         Rev. No. 6
                                                       June 12, 2009
sides of the container and cable ties or equivalent may be used to secure
the probe to the outside of the container.

To attach the plastic container to the tripod, two holes may be cut in the
side  of the plastic container, and cable ties or rope may be used to create
a loop through the container. Hang the loop that is through the container
over a structure (tension knob, clamp, etc...) on the tripod.  Other
methods of hanging the sampling system and media enclosure may be
acceptable.  Ensure the sampling system enclosure is secured to the
tripod.

The  inlet probe attached to the bottom of the container is attached to the
inlet  of the collection media and the outlet of the sampling media is
attached to the sampling pump using Platinum Grade silicone tubing.
The  silicone tubing to facilitate these connections is be supplied by ERG.

With the protective enclosure attached,  place and level the tripod at the
site.  Sandbags may be used to secure  the sampler.

Assemble the ozone scrubber and the DNPH cartridge, and connect
them to the sampling probe and pump according to Figure 5.

Note the both the 03 scrubber and DNPH cartridge have 2 different sized
ports for the inlet and the outlet.  The smaller diameter port is the inlet
and the larger diameter port is the outlet. Slide the outlet port (larger
diameter opening)of the 03 scrubber over the inlet port (smaller opening)
of the DNPH cartridge.  Press the together firmly to ensure a secure leak-
free  connection.  Slide the silicone tubing from  the sampling pump over
the outlet of the DNPH tube.  Slide the silicone tubing from the sampling
probe over the inlet of the  03 scrubber (see Figure 5).

If collocated samplers will  be located at the site, the two samplers must
be within four (4) meters of each other, but outside of two (2) meters.
The  inlet heights must be within one (1) meter vertically.
          FIGURE 2. Carbonyl Sampling Assembly
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                         School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                    Rev. No. 6
                                                  June 12, 2009
              Rain Shield
 Probe Inlet
     Air Flow
   t
 Ozone
Scrubber

2,4-DNPH
Cartridge
                                  Buck Elite
                                    Pump
          FIGURE 3. Flow Check Assembly
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                                   School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                               Rev. No. 6
                                                             June 12, 2009
Rotameter
    I
Air Flow
   o
           t
         Ozone
        Scrubber
  2,4-DNPH
   Cartridge
                                                  Buck Elite Pump
                 FIGURE 4. Waters DNPH Filter Cartridge
                                                 Cartridge Inlet
              FIGURE 5. Ozone scrubber and DNPH cartridge
                              Page 9 of 17

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                                    School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                               Rev. No. 6
                                                            June 12, 2009
(sample probe must be attached to the inlet of the ozone scrubber with the gold ring)
                      FIGURE 6. Carbonyl Inlet Probe
    OPERATING PROCEDURE
                              Page 10 of 17

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                                School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                            Rev. No. 6
                                                          June 12, 2009
A.   Equipment and Supplies

     Buck Elite pump
     Enclosure (plastic storage container)
     Tripod or stand
     Platinum grade silicone tubing (received from ERG)
     Rotameter (calibrated by and received from ERG)
     Ozone scrubber (received from ERG)
     Capped DNPH cartridge (received from ERG)
     Logbook
     Powderfree gloves
     ERG sample paperwork
     Cooler with ice substitute
     Paper shipping sleeves for sampled cartridges

B.   Initial Receipt Activities

     1.    Plug sampler into AC power and charge the internal battery for at
          least 24 hours.
     2.    Check parts and components against the packing list.

     3.    After charging, ensure sampler will power up and that the main
          screen is operational.

C.   Setting the Flow Rate

     1.    Securely connect the rotameter to the collection media using the
          silicone tubing provided with the rotameter as shown in Figure 3.

          NOTE:  The small diameter port on the Waters O3 scrubber and
          DNPH cartridges are the inlets

     2.    Press the Menu key (Down arrow) to the Flow adjust menu.

     3.    Press and hold the SET key and use arrows to get desired flow (this
          clears all previous data). The design flow rate for carbonyl
          sampling for the study is 800cc/min.

     4.    Releasing the SET key will store the flow rate.
     5.    Press the ON/OFF key to return to the Main Display.

D.   Pump Calibration

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                                School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                            Rev. No. 6
                                                          June 12, 2009
     To CALIBRATE pump flow:
     1.    To measure the flow rate have the ozone scrubber, DNPH
          cartridge, and rotameter connected in the flow check assembly as
          shown in Figure 3.

     2.    Press the Main Display down arrow to the Calibration Mode.

     3.    Press the SET key and release, pump begins to flow at preset flow
          rate from the steps above in C. Setting the Flow Rate.

     4.    Observe the flow on the rotameter.  Read the center of the ball in
          the rotameter at "eye  level" for the best accuracy.  It should match
          within +/- 4% of the 800cc/min design flow rate.  Press and hold the
          SET key and adjust the Up or Down arrow to change the Factor for
          the pump speed to match the desired flow rate.  ERG has
          previously checked the rotameter and notes that they are accurate
          to approximately 20cc/min. This bias is acceptable.

          CALIBRATE Target=0.8 Lpm (800 cc/min)
     5.    Press ON/OFF to return to Main Display

     6.    Record the data from the calibration in the field logbook.

E.   Conducting the Sampling Event

     Site Arrival Daily Activities

     Record activities and/or maintenance activities in logbook

     Preparing Sampler for a Sampling Event

     1.    Prepare sample paperwork.  On the ERG Carbonyl Compounds
          Data Sheet, complete the "Lab Pre-Samp." and "Field Setup"
          sections.  In the top part of the PAMS table, record the number
          under "Cartridge Lot #" and "Sample ID".  Record any pertinent
          observations in the "Comments" section at the bottom of the form.


     2.    Make sure the flow rate is set and pump calibrated according to the
          instructions in C. Setting the Flow Rate and D. Pump Calibration.

     3.    Put on a clean pair of powderfree gloves.

                           Page 12 of 17

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                           School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                        Rev. No. 6
                                                     June 12, 2009

4.    Inspect the ozone scrubber and DNPH cartridge to verify that end
     caps are in place and have not fallen off through shipping.  If end
     caps were not in place, use a new cartridge.

5.    Carefully assemble ozone scrubber and DNPH according to Figure
     2, making sure all connections are secure. Install the rotameter
     before the collection media as shown in Figure 3.

6.    Turn the pump on and record the  rotameter flow rate in the "Pre-
     Sampling Rotameter Reading" field on the ERG Carbonyl
     Compounds Data Sheet "Field Setup" section. Read the center of
     the ball in the rotameter at  "eye level" for the best accuracy. ERG
     has previously calibrated the rotameter and will determine the
     corrected flow from the rotameter's calibration curve upon receipt.

7.    Turn pump off.

8.    Remove Rotameter from the sample line and reconnect ozone
     scrubber and DNPH cartridge according to Figure 2. Store
     rotameter in clean Ziploc bag or equivalent.

9.    Press the Menu key (Down arrow) to scroll down to reset mode.  If
     previous sampling data needs to be erased then press and hold
     SET key and press Up arrow.  Press Yes  to clear all data.  If
     previous sampling data does not need to be erased then use Down
     arrow to scroll down to Timing Routine menu.

10.    By default Timing Routine is deactivated. To activate press and
     hold SET key and press Up arrow twice to get to Start/Stop screen.

11.   To Set a Start Time press and hold SET key and push Down arrow,
     the top line displays the current time in the pump clock. Bottom line
     displays the start time for sampling.  Set up a time of midnight for
     the given  sample date for the pump to turn on unattended and start
     sampling.

12.   Press and hold SET key to activate time change sequence and use
     Up or Down arrows to make changes for the parameter that is
     flashing. To advance to next parameter and make changes press
     and hold SET key to advance and use Up and Down arrows to
     make changes. To back up,  press the ON key.
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                           School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                      Rev. No. 6
                                                    June 12, 2009
13.   After Start time is set, press Down arrow to scroll to 5min/hr Cycle
     where pump can be setup up for 5min ON and 5 min OFF cycle
     within one hour block. By default all 5 minute segments are set to
     Y=ON. To change to N=OFF Press and Hold SET key and press
     UP or DOWN arrow. To advance to next segment Press and Hold
     SET key and use UP and DOWN arrow to make changes. If no
     changes are required press only the DOWN arrow to scroll to STOP
     Time set up screen.  Enter the desired time for pump to stop
     sampling and shut down.  If no Stop time is set pump will run  until
     battery gets low.

14.   Press only the Down arrow to scroll through all menus to activate
     other parameters like key lock,  Log sample rate, Log Download or
     Clear, set time clock and back to the main screen where user can
     start sampling.

15.   Press RUN key to start sampling, Pump will display Delayed  Start
     Time. Then it will shut down within 30 sees and go into hold mode.

     Note: If pump is turned on while it is in hold mode,  user input
     will be required either to Cancel or Resume delayed Start
     Sampling.  If clock time goes past programmed Start time, then
     pump will not turn on at programmed time.  Delayed Start time

     run needs  to be manually cancelled and start time needs to be
     setup again.

Retrieving DNPH Cartridges

1.    Put on a clean pair of powderfree gloves.

     NOTE: Gloves must be changed for each sample, i.e. between
     retrieving a sample and preparing a new run, gloves MUST be
     changed to prevent cross contamination.

2.    Add rotameter to sampling line  according to Figure 3.

3.    Turn the pump on  and record the rotameter flow rate in the "Post
     Sampling Rotameter Reading" field on the ERG Carbonyl

Compounds Data Sheet "Field Recovery" section. Read the center of the
     ball in the rotameter at "eye level" for the best accuracy. ERG has
     previously calibrated the rotameter and will determine the corrected
     flow from the rotameter's calibration curve upon receipt.

4.    Turn pump off.

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                           School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                       Rev. No. 6
                                                     June 12, 2009

5.    Remove the DNPH cartridge and immediately cap at each end.

6.    Place the capped cartridge in the paper shipping sleeves, and write
     the sample day and the site ID on the sleeve.  Place the cartridges
     in a polypropylene bag. The bag must be placed in a cooler cooled
     to subambient temperature (~4 °C) with ice substitutes and return to
     ERG for analysis.

Field Data Recovery

1.    On the ERG Carbonyl Compounds Sample Data Sheet, fill in the
     "Elapsed Time" field in the "Field Recovery" section.  Be sure the
     "Post Sampling Rotameter Reading" field on the ERG Carbonyl
     Compounds Data Sheet "Field Recovery" section is completed.
     Review the ERG Carbonyl Compounds Sample Data Sheet and
     make sure all blanks are filled.

2.    Data may be downloaded to a laptop using the Buck PC link cable.
     ERG does not require this data, but direction can be found on
     pages 15 and  16 in the Buck Elite Instruction Manual document.

     NOTE: The data logging feature must be enabled prior to the
     sampling event.
Sample Shipping

The samples should be a in a polypropylene bag along with the
paperwork and packed in a small box/cooler.  The samples are required
to be shipped cold and at 4 °C.  Use the pre-filled out FedEx label
provided by ERG, and fill out the "Sender" section with the sampling
agency's address and phone number.  Send priority overnight to ERG.

If the shipping form is lost, use the address below for shipping to
ERG, and contact them directly for the FedEx accounting.
Address:  ERG
         601 Keystone Park Drive
         Suite 700
         Morrisville, NC 27560
         919-468-7924
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                                     School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                                  Rev. No. 6
                                                               June 12, 2009
IV.   DATA FORMS
     All sample related run data forms will be supplied by ERG. Check the data
     sheets for completion after every setup or retrieval event. The operator is
     expected to keep a logbook to document all site activities, quality assurance
     activities, and sampling activities. The ERG Carbonyl Compounds Sample
     Data Sheet is attached below.
                                Page 16 of 17

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                                School Air Toxics, Carbonyl Compounds SOP
                                                              Rev. No. 6
                                                           June 12, 2009
          ERG Carbonyl Compounds Sample Data Sheet
fcERG
CARBONYL COMP
d.
-9 <§
3 <9
i
it
u. £
Field
Reeoveiy
Lab
Recovery
Site Code:
City/State:
AQS Code:

ERG Lab ID #
OUNDS DATA SHEET
Collection Date:
Cartridge Lot #:


Duplicate Event (Y'/N):

Set-Up Date: Operator: Sys. #:
Pre-Sampl.ng Rotarreter Reading (cc/min):
Recover/ Date:
Elapsed Timer Reset (Y/N):


Post Samp ing Rotameter Reading (ec/min):
Cartridges Capped (WN):



Rece-ved by: Date:
Status: Valid Void (Circle one;
If void, why:
San'p-e Vo-ume (total Liters):



Sample Duration
Elapsed Time:
Status: Valid
Refrigerator No:
Temperature:

(3 or 2* hr):

Void (Circle one)





(0
2
Sample Date












Sample
Time












Sample
Duration












Sample
Volume












Cartridge
Lot*












Sample ID












Lab ID












Wh1e: Sample raveler
Canary: Lab Copy
Pirk: Fielc Copy
                          Page 17 of 17

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