United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA456/N-96-002
July 1996
&EPA. Control Technology Center
NEWS
Volume 8 No. 2
A JOINT EPA/STAPPA/ALAPCO PROJECT
July 1996
THE TTN GOES FTP AND
WORLD WIDE WEB
By Hersch Rorex
ITG, OAQPS
The Technology Transfer Network
(TTN) is now a File Transfer Protocol
(FTP*) site. This service was made
availabletotheTTN user community on
Monday, May 6th. This site allows users
of FTP clients, as well as web browsers,
to transfer TTN files quickly and easily
overthe Internet. This much-requested
service is now a reality.
The TTN is also a World Wide Web
(WWW**) site. This service provides
WWW access to the TTN from home
pages developed from the familiar
menus of the TTN. Some of the TTN
boards have data base applications that
are not included in the present Web site
but will be included at a later time when
the technology has matured.
The TTN now offers a wide range of
access methods that include bulletin
board system (BBS) dial-up service
(modems), Local Area Networks
(LANs), and for the Internet user,
Telnet, FTP and WWW.
For those who use FTP clients***,
you can reach the TTN FTP site at:
"ttnftp.rtpnc.epa.gov". Type in "ftp://
ttnftp.rtpnc.epa.gov" as your universal
resource locator(URL) if you use a web
browser. Once logged in, you will see a
series of directories and files. Read the
README.TXT file to determine what
the directories represent. You will also
see a file named
"OOMASTER.TXT". This file
contains descriptions of ev-
ery file available in the TTN
system as seen by TTN BBS
users. Becauseofitssize.it ^^^^™
is recommended that you FTP this file
and use a text editor in order to locate
the files you wish to transfer via FTP.
File identification and description is not
a part of basic FTP, so a special effort
was made in order to provide this mas-
ter index to help the FTP user identify
files.
If you are using an FTP client pro-
gram, you will be required to enter the
following information:
Site ID: ttnftp.rtpnc.epa.gov
User ID: anonymous
Password: (your E-mail address).
If you have a web browser such as
Netscape, use the following URL:
ftp://ttnftp.rtpnc.epa.gov
In order to access the TTN via the
WWW, use the following URL for your
Web browser:
http://ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov
and then point and click.
TTN 2000
fuLuie1 ofiiifurmal.i.011.
transfer has arrived . .
*FTP - File Transfer Protocol, a protocol
that allows a user on one host to transfer
files to and from another host over the
Internet.
**WWW - World Wide Web point and
click access to the TTN over the Inter-
net.
***FTP Client - Software used to trans-
fer files over the Internet from an FTP
server.
AIRWAVES
By Charlotte Bercegeay
CTC/APPCD, Co-Chair
Since I am the new CTC/Air Pollution Prevention and
Control Division (APPCD) Co-Chair, I want to introduce
myself. I have been with the Agency and the Office of
Research and Development (ORD) since 1972. The major-
ity of my years with EPA have been with APPCD and its
predecessor(s), mostrecently known as the Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL). From 1989 to
1994,1 also had the opportunity to work in EPA Headquarters
in ORD's former Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration (OEETD).
More to the point, ORD and the Agency have undergone
several reorganizations in the past 24 years. ORD's new
organizational umbrella emphasizes a risk-based program
utilizing a nationwide system of research laboratories and
centers. The National Risk Management Research Labora-
tory (NRMRL) is one of these major ORD components and
is located in Cincinnati, OH. NRMRL consists of six Divi-
sions and one Office: four Divisions in Cincinnati; one
Division in Ada, OK; one Division in Research Triangle Park,
NC-APPCD; and one Office in Washington, DC.
With all these changes, APPCD's support and work for
the CTC has not changed. A brief synopsis of CTC's FY96
current events is provided foryour information inthe follow-
ing paragraphs.
Of CTC's nine current projects, four will be funded in
FY96 so work can be completed. The CTC Steering
Committee (SC) also made decisions at its June SC meeting
(continued page 2)
-------
AIRWAVES
(continued from page 1)
for funding one additional project this
fiscal year. New project proposals are
welcome! Just call the HOTLINE for
information (919-541-0800).
CTC Bulletin Board System (BBS) -
As many of you may know, the CTC has
aWorldWideWebHOMEPAGE. How-
ever, in July there will be improved
access to the CTC BBS through the
TTN-2000, a new, common server for
the OAQPS Technology Transfer Net-
work (TTN). Look for the article in this
issue for updates of the CTC HOME
PAGE and TTN-2000.
HAP-PRO upgraded-This popular
software program is available to you
through the CTC BBS. HAP-PRO
implements the equations in the EPA
Control Cost Manual and allows state
and local agencies to have a uniform
basis for cost. Now inflation indices are
available to bring the cost estimates up
to current-year dollars. An article on the
recent upgrades to HAP-PRO is in-
cluded in this July issue of the newslet-
ter.
Integrated Air Pollution Control
System (IAPCS)-Version 5 of this soft-
ware program has just been issued and
has been added to the CTC BBS. It
estimates capital and annual costs for
sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides
(NOx), and particulate matter controls
for coal-fired utility boilers. An article on
this program is also in this July issue of
the newsletter.
Seven project summaries have
been added to the CTC BBS on
APPCD's Florida Radon Research pro-
gram. There have been 50 published
reports in this research area to date.
The complete listing of report titles and
EPA and National Technical Informa-
tion Service (NTIS) numbers is avail-
able on the CTC BBS, as well. For
further information on radon research,
please contact David Sanchez at 919-
541-2979.
Through the CTC BBS and the
HOTLINE, we are here to provide con-
tinued technical assistance to you, our
clients. We lookforward to hearing from
you!
CHARACTERIZA TION OF
MUD/DIRTCARRY OUT
ONTO PA VED ROADS
FROM
CONSTRUCTION AND
DEMOLITION
ACTIVITIES
By Lyndon S. Cox
Senior Environmental Employee,
APPCD/NRMRL
The Air Pollution Prevention and
Control Division (APPCD)of EPA's Na-
tional Risk Management Research
Laboratory (NRMRL) recently pub-
lished a report entitled "Characteriza-
tion of Mud/Dirt Carryout Onto Paved
Roads from Construction and Demoli-
tion Activities." This report detailed the
procedure used by Midwest Research
Institute in measuring the amount of
mud/dirt carried onto pavement in Kan-
sas City, MO.
Several areas of the country are in
violation of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards for particulate matter
equal to or less than 10 urn in diameter
(PM10). A primary source of PM10 is
the fugitive dust generated by traffic
over paved roads.
Road dust emissions occur as a
vehicle moves on pavement. The sur-
face loading of mud/dirt is one factor in
determining the quantity of such emis-
sions. Surface loading is important
enough that control techniques have
been developed to reduce it. This test
program evaluated the effectiveness of
three techniques tocontrol the mud/dirt
carryout.
The first control technique used a
street sweeper to mechanically sweep
the dirt and debris from the paved road-
way. The second control technique
useda6-to 12-inch (15-to30-cm) layer
of wood chips or mulch on the access
area of the construction site to a dis-
tance of 100 feet (32 m) from the paved
road. The third control technique used
a 6-inch layer of gravel over the same
area.
From "Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors (AP-42)," there is an
empirical expression for PM10 emis-
sions:
E = 4.6(sL)065(VV.)15
where: 2 3
E = PM10 emission factor- grams
per vehicle kilometer traveled
s = surfacesilt-thefractionofmud/
dirt that exists as particles smaller than
75 urn
L = total road surface dust loading -
grams per square meter
W = average weight of the vehicle
traveling -tons
Prior to the uncontrolled and the
three controltechniquetest periods, the
baseline or "clean road" silt loading val-
ues were measured after broom sweep-
ing and water flushing. During each test
period, s and L were measured and a
vehicle activity log was kept. Street
sweeping was found to be only margin-
ally effective (approximately 20%) in
reducing average silt loading on the
paved road surface. Treatment of the
access area with a layer of wood chips
or mulch was moderately effective, re-
ducing average silt loading by 38-46%.
The gravel showed the greatest effec-
tiveness, reducingthe average silt load-
ing by 57-68%. These silt loading re-
ductions resulted in the following calcu-
lated PM10 reductions: street sweep-
ing, 14%; wood chips, 27-33%; and
gravel, 42-52%.
The collection and reporting of such
data are only one function of the
APPCD. The work was performed for
EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS) as part of the co-
operative effort of the Joint Emissions
Inventory Oversight Group. The report
number is EPA-600/R-95-171 (NTIS
PB96-129028) and may be obtained by
calling the National Technical Informa-
tion Service (NTIS) at 703-487-4650.
For additional information, you may also
call the EPA Project Officer, Charles C.
Masser, at 919-541-7586.
CTC News page 2
-------
MACT, CTG, NSPS,ACTAND TITLE I RULE SCHEDULES**
MACT STANDARD
Asbestos MACT/GACT
Asbestos Litigation
Ferroalloys
Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Gasoline Distribution
Haz. Waste Inc.
Mineral Wool
Off-site Waste & Recovery
Oil & Gas Production
Pharmaceutical Production
Polymers & Resins I
Polymers & Resins III
Polymers & Resins IV
Portland Cement
Primary Aluminum Prod.
Primary Copper Smelting
Printing/Publishing
Pulp & Paper (combustion)
Pulp & Paper (non-comb.)
Secondary Aluminum Prod.
Shipbuilding (coatings)
Steel Pickling-HC1 Process
Wood Furniture Coating
Wood Treatment
Wool Fiberglass Mfg.
CTG ****
Aerospace Coatings
Industrial Wastewater
Shipbuilding (coating)
Offset Lithography
Plastic Parts Coating
VOL Storage
Wood Furniture Coating
Proposal Final
*1/24/95*** 11/95***
*1/1/93
7/96 7/97
8/96 7/97
* 12/8/95 12/96
*4/19/96 4/97
9/96 10/97
*10/13/94 7/96
1/97 9/98
8/96 1/98
*6/12/95 7/96
Schedule under revision
*3/29/95 7/96
9/96 11/97
8/96 9/97
7/96 8/97
*3/1/95 7/96
*2/27/95 8/96
*10/29/95 8/96
8/96 10/97
*11/22/94 *12/15/95
*5/31/96 5/97
*11/21/94 *12/7/95
Proposal to be delisted
11/96 10/97
ACT
Final
Proposal Final
9/96 4/97
*12/29/93 *****
*12/6/94(BACM) 8/96
*11/93 *****
Plywood/Particle Board (PM10) Schedule Under Dev.
NSPS
Proposal
Cold Cleaning *9/9/94
Degreaser NSPS *8/31/94
Elec. Utility Gen. Rev. (NOx) *5/30/94
Landfill NSPS & 111 (d) *5/30/91
Med. Waste Inc. NSPS & lll(d) *2/27/95
Mun. Waste Combustors II & III *9/20/94
NOx NSPS Revision (407(c)) *11/31/95
SOCMI Sec. Sources Suppl. 7/96
Starch Mfg. Industry NSPS *8/31/94
Other Rules Proposal
Final
9/96
on Hold
12/96
*3/12/96
8/96
*12/19/95
11/97
12/97
on Hold
Final
12/96
12/96
"9/29/95
9/96
*12/93
*8/7/95
*5/20/96
Arch./lnd. Coatings (§183e) *6/25/96
AutoRefinishing(§183e) *4/30/96
Consumer Products List (§183e)*8/31/95
Household Consumer Products *3/26/96
Haz. Waste TSDF, Phase II
(RCRA) *7/22/91 *12/6/94
Haz. Waste TSDF Phase III
(RCRA) Schedule under revision
NOTE:
* Indicates date completed.
** All schedules are tentative and subject to change without
notice. Only those rules with proposal or promulgation
dates within one year are included. Completed rules are
removed from list after six months.
***Schedule to be determined by litigation/negotiation.
****ACT's were issued for most CTG categories in April 1995.
*****Final CTG cancelled or no plans to finalize.
HAP-PRO 2.2 NOW
AVAILABLE!
By Joe Steigerwald
CTC, OAQPS
The new version of the HAP-PRO
model (version 2.2) is now available on
the CTC BBS. All of the modules in-
cluded in the new version have been
reviewed and any problems found were
corrected. Release 2.2 of the HAP-
PRO model corrects various problems
and deficiencies. The fixes include cor-
recting errors in calculations, updating
chemical properties and other technical
data constants, and implementing sev-
eral enhancements to the program. The
addendum to the user's manual (which
is also available in the CTC Download-
ing Area) has more information on the
updates in this release.
The file available on the CTC BBS,
HAPPRO22.EXE, contains the actual
model and the installation program.
Just download this file (please be aware
that it is very large and may take a while)
and put it into an empty directory on your
hard drive. Go into that directory and
type HAPPRO22and press the ENTER
key to expand the files. Then type
INSTALL and press the ENTER key to
install the model. The model will check
your hard drive to see if an old version of
the HAP-PRO model is already in-
stalled. If itfindsan olderversion, it will
query you as to how you want to pro-
ceed. (As a precaution, back-up any old
data files you created using an older
version (2.0 or lower) of HAP-PRO if
you are worried about losing existing
data created using an older version of
HAP-PRO.) When HAP-PRO is cor-
rectly installed on your PC, you can
delete the files HAPPRO22.EXE and
INSTALL.EXE.
The User's Manuals are also avail-
able on the CTC BBS in ASCII text,
WordPerfect, and Envoy (a portable
document format - all you need is a PC
running Windows!) format. As stated
above, this update to HAP-PRO cor-
rects several problems and discrepan-
cies found; however, the overall opera-
tion of the model remains the same.
CTC News page 3
-------
DESKTOPRBLC
AVAILABLE THIS
SUMMER
By JoAnn Kerrick
INDUS Corporation
How would you like to have the
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
(RBLC)onyourPC? No BBS or Inter-
net connection! Just you and your PC.
The Desktop RBLC is a standalone
version of the RBLC Query module that
you can install on your PC and use to
view RBLC controltechnology determi-
nations locally. The system works in
much the same way as the on-line
RBLC search module availableto users
of the RBLC BBS on the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS) Technology Transfer Net-
work (TTN). You can download a copy
of the Desktop RBLC from the RBLC
BBS on the OAQPS TTN. As needed,
you can alsodownload updated copies
of RBLC data files to keep your version
of the Desktop RBLC current with the
on-line RBLC database.
The Desktop RBLC is an indepen-
dently executable program. No special
software licenses are required. To run
the Desktop RBLC, you need an IBM-
compatible PC with a hard drive (at
least 5 Mbyte free disk space). The
remainder of this article describes how
to install and use the system on your
PC. For details on how to search for
determinationswith the Desktop RBLC,
refer to the RBLC User's Manual. The
system works much like the on-line
search modules.
Downloading the Desktop RBLC
from the RBLC BBS
The system is available, in com-
pressed form, on the RBLC BBS from
the Downloading option of the DOCU-
MENTS / SOFTWARE section. To
install the system, follow these steps.
1. DownloadthefileRBLCVW10.EXE
from the RBLC BBS.
2. On your hard drive, create a direc-
tory named RBLCVIEW.
3. Change your working directory to
RBLCVIEW and run the self-extracting
fileRBLCVW10.EXE. (You can delete
this file when you are finished.)
4. Copy the file RBLCVIEW.BAT to
your root directory. This batch file lets
you run the Desktop RBLC without
modifying your path.
5. To run the Desktop RBLC, type
RBLCVIEW at the DOS prompt.
Getting Updated Determinations from
RBLC BBS
The Desktop RBLC works with cop-
ies of the control technology determina-
tions entered in the on-line RBLC data-
base. Because new determinations are
addedto the on-line system on a regular
basis, the files used by the Desktop
RBLC on your hard drive can become
out-of-date. You can download up-
dated copies of the control technology
determinationsfromthe RBLC BBS and
then decompress them to incorporate
the latest files into your local version of
the RBLC. Refer to the list of available
files in the Downloading option of the
DOCUMENTS / SOFTWARE section
of the RBLC BBS for the exact file
names. Separate files exist for the
transient, current, and historical data
bases. You only need to download the
files you want. Be sure to exit from the
Desktop RBLC before you download
one or more of these data files. After
you have successfully downloaded the
files, execute the self-extracting files
and then restart the Desktop RBLC.
Refer to the on-line help system if you
have any questions.
For more information, contact Joe
Steigerwald.the RBLC SYSOP, at 919-
541-2736. warn
INTERNET AND THE
RBLC:
DOWNLOADING
SIMPLIFIED
By JoAnn Kerrick
INDUS Corporation
Attention Internet Users! It just be-
came a lot easier to use the RACT/
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse(RBLC) on
the Internet. The staff of the Technol-
ogy Transfer Network (TTN), host for
the RBLC, have been working diligently
to streamline access to the TTN for
Internet users, and the RBLC is follow-
ing in their footsteps. The RBLC is now
available on two complementary Inter-
netsites, TELNET and FTP (File Trans-
fer Protocol).
The TELNET site provides RBLC
users with traditional BBS functions,
except for downloading. You can
search, browse and create files from the
RBLC databases at the TELNET site.
The FTP site allows users of FTP client
software and most web browsers to
transfer TTN files (including search re-
sults from RBLC query and browse
functions) easily over the Internet. The
addresses for these sites are:
TELNET: ttnbbs.rtpnc.epa.gov
FTP: ttnftp.rtpnc.epa.gov
A separate download option for
Internet users has been added to both
the RBLC Query and Browse modules.
Users choose "I" from the appropriate
menu to select the Internet download
option. (For BBS users, the BBS down-
load option is still available; just
type "D".) When you use the Internet
download option, the system saves
your download report in a file on the FTP
server. The system simply tells you
when it has successfully created the file,
instead of automatically invoking the
BBS download function. The BBS
download function doesn't work for
most users accessing the RBLC via
TELNET. You can perform as many
searches as you like and select one or
more download report formats for each
set of search results. All of your down-
load reports will be stored on the FTP
server in file names that you select.
After you have finished searching the
RBLC, simply access the FTP serverto
transfer the files to your local PC. Just
be sure to get your files fairly soon after
you create them, because all RBLC
user-generated download files will be
erased when the TTN is down for
weekly maintenance on Monday morn-
ings (8:00 a.m. to noon eastern time).
In the coming months, EPAstaffwill
continuetheireffortsto reinvent the role
of the TTN in response to the growth of
the Internet. We here at the RBLC
expectthat the BBS will change as well.
Watch for TTN and RBLC alerts for
more information.
CTC News page 4
-------
SMALL BUSINESS UPDATE
SEARCHING ON THE
SBAP BULLETIN BOARD
By Curt Devereux,
Senior Environmental Employee,
SBAP/OAQPS
EPA's Small Business Assistance
Program (SBAP) Bulletin Board System
(BBS) on the OAQPS Technology
Transfer Network (TTN) has now been
operational since December '95. Over
this period we have seen usage of this
BBS increase steadily and have added
many newfiles which we believewill be
of interest to the small business com-
munity. While information in the SBAP
'Alerts' highlights some portion of this
growing database, most is never dealt
with in the 'Alerts' and can only be
identified through the BBS search and
retrieval functions. The balance of this
article will acquaint users with these
functions and discuss pertinent proce-
dural steps. A more detaileddiscussion
can be found in the SBAP BBS User's
Manual, which can be downloaded from
the SBAP Download area.
To Enter The Searchable Informa-
tion Segment of The SBAP BBS:
Select Search Available Materi-
als from the SBAP BBS Main Menu.
This brings up the SBAP Retrieval
Menu. From this menu select
Search With Keyword Please note
that on this and subsequent menus only
the highlighted items (on this menu S
and Exit) can be selected. Any
menu option that is lowlighted is not
available at that time. SBAP has a con-
text sensitive HELP system that pro-
vides assistance at
any time during your
session. Press F1 to
accessthe HELP sys-
tem. The HELP sys-
tem explains the
screen that you are
currently viewing. Af-
ter selecting the
menu displayed will show the first ten
keywords within the full keyword listing.
This keyword list is like the index to a
book; i.e., keywords are added only
when the BBS files contain one or more
documents associated with a keyword.
In the SBAP database, the keywords
describe the primary topic or type of
industry. To proceed through the rest of
the keyword list, selectext(to pro-
ceed alphabetically) or Refresh
eyword List (to return to the begin-
ning of the list).
To Conduct a Search:
When you find a keyword you want
to search on, select dit Keyword.
Type in the keyword and start the
search by selecting Control . You
may change keywords as often as you
like. However, changing the keyword
erases the results of any earlier
searches. After you enter a keyword,
you may search the database for
records matching the keyword by se-
lecting to Search with Keyword.
The system moves to the VIEW
SEARCH RESULTS screen after it per-
forms the search.
Viewing Search Results:
If your search has used one of the
keywords in the listing, the initial output
screen will be VIEW SEARCH RE-
SULTS. This screen will display a sum-
mary list of one or more information
items related to the keyword. You may
work with this summary list or view more
detailed information. Detailed informa-
tion can be obtained in two ways: you
can either select one or more of the
records (for viewing) by entering the
record number(s) or you can mark
those recordsyou wish to be included in
reports (see next section). If you se-
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lected a record by number, a second
retrieval screen (VIEW DETAIL) dis-
plays the entire content of that record.
These records will contain contact infor-
mation relative to any documents and
the file name for any file which can
viewed or downloaded from the BBS.
Downloading Information To Your PC:
The SBAP BBS allows you to down-
load selected search information to your
PC after you have performed a suc-
cessful search. You must mark at least
one record before report processing is
enabled. From the VIEW SEARCH
RESULTS screen, you can mark all
records by selecting . From the
VIEW DETAIL screen, select to
mark records for reporting. The MARK
command is a toggle and switches be-
tween "Mark" and "Unmark". An aster-
isk (*) appears next to the record num-
ber for marked records. Note, the
downloadable reports contain informa-
tion from the SBAP database about
what information is available and where
you can locate it. Although the search
reports direct you to the material, they
do not contain the material itself. In
some cases the desired information will
be available through the download area
of the SBAP BBS ( from the Main
Menu) or other locations on the TTN
(such as the Clean Air Act BBS). Other-
wise, the reports indicate who to contact
at the submitting agency for details on
obtaining a copy of the material.
I encourage you to try out the
search section and let me know if there
are other capabilities or information
whichyou would like to see added to the
SBAP BBS. If you have comments on
some aspect of the SBAP BBS or have
additional materials that
you would like to share
with the small business
community, please con-
tact me at (919) 541-
2440 or Deborah
Elmore at (919) 541-
5437.
Clyde's
Copies
Color
Copies
Too!!!
CTC News page 5
-------
Technology Notebook
DEFINING THE
PACKING CONSTANTS
INHAP-PRO
by Lyndon S. Cox
Senior Environmental Employee
NRMRL/APPCD
Packedtowerscrubbers have been
around a long time-such a long time
that EPA has retired many of the people
who were experts in scrubbers. We
found references from 1973, 1943, and
even 1935 when we traced the calcula-
tions. We did this because one of our
CTC callers was concerned about
packing Constantsa, Pi, Y ,<|) ,e , a, j,
m, and n in the Control Cost Manual,
versus a, b, c, d, e, Y, s, g, and r in the
HAP-PRO program. Maybe you are
too. Are they indifferent units? (These
constants are dimensionless.) So how
can you convert from one set of con-
stants to the other?
I looked up the calculations in the
Second Edition of the Air Pollution En-
gineering Manual, compiled by the Air
Pollution Control District, County of Los
Angeles, and published by EPA in May
1973. The section on packed tower
scrubbers (pages 207-229) mentions
that usually the scrubbers are
counterflow, with liquid coming down
while gas is going up. The liquid needs
to be properly distributed, because it
tends to channel in the packing. As the
gas flow increases, or the diameter
decreases for the same air flow, the
liquid flow per unit area is diminished
until flooding occurs. The air flow
should be limited to 40% to 70% of the
flood point.
In the Air Pollution Engineering
Manual, the calculation begins with a
factor which has been correlated to
Factor=LHpGr
V(PL)
where:
L1 = liquid flow rate in Ib/hr
PG = gas density in Ib/ft3
PL = liquid density in Ib/ff
As this factor goes from 0.01 to 10,
it is related to the following parameter
which goes from 0.15 to 0.001 over the
same range:
where: g
-------
HAP-PRO
(continued from page 6)
It is obvious that the programmer
for HAP-PRO used "c" instead of "13",
and "d" instead of 'V".
The height of the liquid transfer unit
is found as:
PL L
where:
<|> ,n = packing constants (see below)
The group of terms in the parenthe-
ses on the right is the "Schmidt Num-
ber" for the liquid.
In HAP-PRO, the liquid transfer unit
is:
2.42|J
The pressure drop is calculated by the
empirical relation:
AP=m(io-»)(lO"Ll/PL}G2
where:
m, n = packing factors
The Control Cost Manual, which is
supposed to be the source of HAP-
PRO, computes pressure drop as:
( L ) (fG )
AP-P-ICr1— sfrj
AK ° 1U 3,600 PG
But, in HAP-PRO, the pressure
drop is computed as:
APa=g*10».1o
Thisgivesthe pressure drop per gas or
liquid transfer height.
The packing constants are empiri-
cal numbers without units. You will
need some of the packing constants,
but not all of them. Constants c and j are
extraneous because they are for a dif-
ferent formulation. It becomes obvious
that the correspondence between the
standard packing constants and those
in HAP-PRO is given in Table 1.
This is a simple substitution, which
cryptographers consider an easy code
to break. The key to the substitution is
the source code and that is not distrib-
uted to users because they normally do
not need it. The programmer who
wrote the source code is no longer
available, so we could not find out
why he changed the notation. Just
be advised that Table 1 should be
kept and posted.
Good luck, and happy HAP-
PRO computing!
Standard
Notation
a
a
G
Y
e
$
n
m
n
HAP-PRO
Notation
a
b
c
d
e
Y
s
g
r
Table 1: Correspondence of Sym-
bols in HAP-PRO
THE INTEGRA TED AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL
SYSTEM (IAPCS)
FOR COAL FIRED
UTILITY BOILERS
by Lyndon S. Cox
Senior Environmental Employee,
APPCD
The Air Pollution Prevention and
Control Division of EPA's National
Risk Management Research Labo-
ratory has recently published Ver-
sion 5 of the IAPCS.
IAPCS is a computer program
that estimates capital and annual
costs for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitro-
gen oxides (NOx), and particulate
matter controls for coal fired utility
boilers. It addresses boiler charac-
teristics, coal analyses, pollution
controls, and economics. Outputs
include material balances, emission
summaries, capital costs, and an-
nual costs. The program addresses
16 control technologies applicable to
power plants ranging in size from 100 to
1300 MWe of generating capacity.
IAPCS can estimate costs for each
of these control technologies, or logical
combinations of them:
SO control technologies: wet flue gas
desulfurization, lime spray drying, ad-
vanced silicate process, coal supply
option, lime injection, and dry sorbent
injection.
NO control technologies: low NOxcom-
bustion, natural gas reburning, selec-
tive catalytic reduction, and selective
non-catalytic reduction.
Particulate matter control technologies:
electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters,
and gas conditioning.
Integrated combustion technologies:
fluidized bed combustion and inte-
grated gasification combined cycle.
Potential users may include pollu-
tion regulators, architects, engineers,
utility companies, public utility commis-
sions, and legislators. Look for the
IAPCS on the CTC Bulletin Board of
EPA'sOfficeof AirQuality Planning and
Standards' Technology Transfer Net-
work (TTN). If you want more informa-
tion, call Norm Kaplan at 919-541-2556
or send and e-mail message to him at
nkaplan@engineer.aeerl.epa.gov.
The CTC N EWS is a quarterly publication of
the U .S. EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC).
The CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no cost,
technical assistance service for all State and local
(S/l) air pollution control agencies and EPA Re-
gional Office staffs. For others, some services
may be on a cost reimbursable basis. The CTC
offersquickaccessto EPAexpertsand expertise
viatheCTC HOTLINE and theCTC Bulletin Board,
and in-depth technical support through source
specific EngineeringAssistanceProjectsor more
genericTechnical Guidance Projects. The CTC is
operated by the Air Pollution Prevention and Con-
trol Division, National Risk Management Research
Laboratory and the Information Transferand Pro-
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Planning and Standards in Research Triangle
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If you have any air pollution emission or
controlquestions,orwould like more information
about the CTC and the types of technical assis-
tanceavailable.CALLTHE CTC HOTLINE!
(919)541-0800
Publicationof the CTC NEWS does not sig-
nify that the contents necessarily reflect the views
and policiesofthe U.S.EPA, nordoesthe mention
oftrade names orcommercial products constitute
vendorsementor recommendation for use. J
CTC News page 7
-------
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No cost assistance to staff of State and Local agencies, EPA Regional Offices, and others on air pollution control technology issues.
CTC HOTLINE: CALL (919) 541-0800 to access EPA expert staff for consultations, references to pertinent literature, or access to EPA technical data an^J
analyses. No question is too simple!
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connectioninformation),orthe CTC HOTLINE or FAX. The FSBAP provides supportto State Small Business Assistance Programs.
US-MEXICOINFORMATIONCENTERON AIR POLLUTION (C\Cb-Centrode Information sobre Contamination deAir$. Call the CICA Information
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For FSBAP-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/sbap.html
For CICA-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/cica.html'
RACT/BACT/LAERCLEARINGHOUSE(RBLC): The RBLCdata base isavailableon the OAQPS TTN BBS (seeCTC BBS for connection information). Thi
emission standards and control techniques guidelines.
ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE PRO JECTS: If you need in-depth assistance concerning a specific control technology or pollution prevention problem, contac t
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