United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA456/N-96-003
September 1996
Control Technology Center
NEWS
Volume 8 No. 3
A JOINT EPA/STAPPA/ALAPCO PROJECT
September 1996
CTC NEWS SPECIAL
EDITION
by Bob Blaszczak,
CTC/OAQPS Co-Chair
Now that we're back in print, we'd
like to fill you in on what you missed
during the year between printed edi-
tions. This SPECIAL EDITION includes
articles or updates to articles that ap-
peared in the electronic versions of the
CTC NEWS released during this one
year hiatus. Also, you'll find updates
from the Clearinghouse for Inventories
and Emission Factors (CHIEF), infor-
mation on the new Industrial Combus-
tion Coordinated Rulemaking (ICCR)
process, and a CTC product ordering
form. Enjoy! See you in the regularfall
edition of the CTC NEWS in November.
CO$T-AIR CONTROL
COSTSPREADSHEETS:
Novocaine for Number Crunchers
By Bill Vatavuk
ISEG/AQSSD/OAQPS
Anyone familiar with the OAQPS
Control Cost Manual (Manual) knows
that air pollution control costs depend
upon a variety of emission stream, con-
trol device, and financial parameters.
Often this dependency is quite com-
plex.1 Forthat reason, it is cumbersome
and time-consuming—if not downright
painful—to make these sizing and cost-
ing calculations by hand, especially if
costs are needed for a range of input
parameters (e.g., waste gas flowrate).
To enable the thousands of/Wanua/
users to make these calculations more
efficiently, we developed 20 spread-
sheet programs, collectively named
"CO$T-AIR," to cover twelve control
devices and one category of
auxiliary equipment
(ductwork). Because the
spreadsheets allow for the
escalation of equipment
costs, they bridge the gap
between the Manual and
the VAPCCI (Vatavuk Air
Pollution Control Cost In-
dexes), the latter being
documented in a recent
EPA report.2 The COST-
AIR programs are written in Lotus 1-2-
3® (version 2.0). Each program outputs
itemized total capital investment and
total annual costs for a given set of input
parameters. The devices and auxiliary
equipment for which we wrote spread-
sheets are listed in the table (See page
2), alongside the Lotus* file names and
the Manual chapters that correspond to
them.
In each of these file names, "TCI"
denotes"total capital investment/'while
"WK1" is simply the Lotus* version 2.0
file extension. Those file names con-
taining "2" are second versions of the
spreadsheets in question. The charac-
ter "-L" signifies that the spreadsheet is
for "large" units—i.e., those devices
whose sizes exceed the upper limits of
the cost correlations. As the list indi-
cates, we wrote "large" spreadsheets
for thermal and catalytic incinerators,
regenerative thermal oxidizers, flares,
mechanical collectors, and wet im-
pingement scrubbers.
Finally, for the refrigeration sys-
tems, "-C" and "-P" denote the spread-
sheets for "custom" and "packaged"
units, respectively.
Most of the programs were based
on design and cost data and procedures
in the OAQPS Control Cost Manual
(Fourth Edition, 1990) and its supple-
ments. The exceptions were the pro-
grams for mechanical collectors, ven-
turi scrubbers, and wet
impingement scrubbers.
Spreadsheets for these
three devices were
based on information in
the book Estimating
Costs of Air Pollution
Control (ECAPC)5
Spreadsheet
Components
Although there are
significant differences
amongthe various spreadsheets, some
components are common to all. First,
each spreadsheet consists of six sec-
tions: (1)"Cost Base DateVVAPCCI,"
(2) "Input Parameters," (3) "Design Pa-
rameters," (4) "Capital Costs," (5) "An-
nual Cost Inputs," and (6) "Annual
Costs". In the first section, the "Cost
Base Date" is the date corresponding to
the equipment costs ("base costs") in
the Manual or ECAPC. This date
ranges from third quarter 1986 (fabric
filters) to second quarter 1993
(ductwork).
Next, the "VAPCCI" is used by the
spreadsheetto escalate the equipment
costs from the base date to the quarter
and year selected by the user6 Eleven
VAPCCI have been developed, one for
each of the control devices listed
above.7 (The sole exceptions are the
"venturi scrubbers" and "wet impinge-
ment scrubbers" categories, which
have been combined into one index:
"wet scrubbers".) Each spreadsheet is
written so that once the user inputs the
latest VAPCCI available, the total capi-
tal investment cost and capital cost-
dependent annual costs will automati-
cally be escalated.
The second section, "Input Param-
(continued page 2)
-------
CO$T-AIR
(continued from page 1)
eters," contains technical data that, in
nearly all cases, must be entered by the
user. Because these input parameters
vary so much according to control de-
vice designsand applications, there are
no "default" values for them. Input
parameters include standard stream
parameters (e.g., waste gas volumetric
flowrate) and data specific to a device
(e.g., gas absorber packing param-
eters). The spreadsheet needs these
data to compute the design parameters,
the costs, or both.
The "Design Parameters" section
lists data (such as ESP collecting area)
that are primarily calculated by the
spreadsheetbased on the input param-
eters. The "Capital Costs" section dis-
plays the control device total equipment
cost (itemized), the purchased equip-
ment cost, and the total capital invest-
ment (TCI). Two values are given for
the total equipment cost. The first cor-
responds to the base date of the costs
(e.g., second quarter 1987); the sec-
ond, to the VAPCCI escalation date.
The fifth section, "Annual Cost In-
puts," lists nearly all of the parameters
needed forthe programto calculatethe
variousannualcosts. Theseincludethe
"operating factor" (the hours per year
the control device operates), operating
and maintenance labor rates, utility
prices, the interest rate, and the control
system life. As with the "Input Param-
eters" section, the user must provide all
of these inputs. Nevertheless, typical
values forthe parameters are given in
the Manual chapter covering the device
in question.
Given in dollars/year, the "Annual
Costs" are listed in the last section of the
program. These are itemized accord-
ing to: (1) direct annual costs (operat-
ing, maintenance, and supervisory la-
bor; maintenance materials; utilities;
operating materials(e.g.,causticsoda);
replacement parts; and waste treat-
ment/disposal), (2) indirect annual
costs (overhead; capital recovery; and
taxes, insurance, and administrative
charges), and (3) recovery credits (if
any).
TABLE. CO$T-AIR SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS
Classification
Control Device Type Manual Chapter
Lotus® File
Name(s)
Particulate emission
controls
Gaseous emission
controls
Auxiliary equipment
Electrostatic precipitators 6
Fabric filters 5
Mechanical collectors (cyclones) None4
Venturi scrubbers None4
Wet impingement scrubbers None4
Carbon adsorbers 4
Catalytic incinerators 3
Gas absorbers 9
Flares 7
Refrigeration systems 8
Regenerative thermal oxidizers 3
Thermal incinerators (recuperative) 3
Ductwork 10
TCI-EP2.WK1
TCI-FF2.WK1
TCI-MC.WK1
TCI-MC-L.WK1
TCI-VS2.WK1
TCI-WIS.WK1
TCI-WI-L.WK1
TCI-CA.WK1
TCI-CI.WK1
TCI-CI-L.WK1
TCI-GA.WK1
TCI-FL.WK1
TCI-FL-L.WK1
TCI-RS-C.WK1
TCI-RS-P.WK1
TCI-RTO.WK1
TCI-RT-L.WK1
TCI-TI.WK1
TCI-TI-L.WK1
TCI-CTX.WK1
Obtaining the Spreadsheets
The CO$T-AIR spreadsheets are
installed on the OAQPS TTN, where
there are posted on both the Control
Technology Center (CTC) and the
Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA)
bulletin board systems. Because the
spreadsheets are
written in Lotus®
(version 2.0), they
are in a format that
is importable to
later versions of
Lotus®, as well as
to such programs
as Excel® and
Quatro-Pro®. Ac-
companying the
spreadsheetsisan
Introduction (in
WordPerfect 5.1),
which provides
background on the
programs,describ-
ing their general
and specific fea-
tures. Those with
questions or com-
ments about CO$T-AIR should contact
William M. Vatavuk, at (919)-541-
5309 (fax: 919/541-0839). Readers
desiring copies of the OAQPS Control
Cost Manual should phone the
ControlTechnology Center at
(919)541-0800.
'FOOTNOTES N
1 Consider, for instance, the sizing and costing procedures for
gas absorbers, presented in Chapter 9 of the/Wanua/.
2 Escalation Indexes for Air Pollution Control Costs (EPA-
452/R-95-006, October1995). Both the report and quarterly
VAPCCI updates are posted on the OAQPS Technology
Transfer Network ("Clean Air Act Amendments" and "Control
Technology Center" bulletin boards).
3 All programs are written in Lotus 1-2-33 (version 2.0).
4 Design and cost procedures and data forthese devices may
be found in the bookEstimating Costs of Air Pollution Control,
by William M. Vatavuk (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Lewis
Publishers, 1990).
5 Vatavuk, William M., Estimating Costs of Air Pollution
Control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers,
1990.
6 As of this writing, the VAPCCI have been updated through
first quarter 1996 (preliminary).
7 The ductwork costs are escalated via a Producer Price Index
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of
Labor.
CTC News page 2
-------
CHIEF NEWSLETTER
GOES ELECTRONIC
by Mary Anne Barckhoff
Lockheed Martin
In the interest of reducing paper
waste and cost, the US EPA Emission
Factor and Inventory Group's (EFIG)
CHIEF Newsletter, once a printed quar-
terly newsletter, has now gone com-
pletely electronic! The CHIEF Newslet-
ters a primary source for current infor-
mation about new developments in
EPA's emission estimation tools, emis-
sion inventory projects, and guidance
documents on emission estimation and
inventories. It also has features on
emission inventory conferences, EPA/
state partnership programs, interna-
tional workshops, and other current
events. Two CHIEF articles that may be
of interest to CTC Newsletter readers
are reprinted below.
Though it is no longer available in
print, the CHIEF Newsletters available
in a variety of electronic formats, includ-
ing a list server that will send the
newsletter articles to your e-mail ad-
dress. The latest issue is the Summer
1996 edition. Here's how to obtain a
copy:
1. Fax CHIEF: Call (919) 541 -5626
or (919) 541-0548 from your fax ma-
chine and follow the voice instructions.
The code numberforthe Summer 1996
edition is 003242.
2. The OAQPS TTNCH/EF Bulletin
Board (BBS): Modem access (919)
541-5742. The newsletters are stored
under the NEWS menu item in both
ASCII text format and Adobe Acro-
bat® format, which requires download-
ing of the Adobe Acrobat® Reader
(a run-time view program also available
on the BBS and the Internet). The
CHIEF BBS is also available on the
World Wide Web at
http://ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov.
3. The World Wide Web:
Browse http://www.epa.gov/oar/
oaqps/efig/chiefnl.html to find the
CHIEF Newsletter in Adobe Acrobat®
format.
4. E-mail: To subscribe to the
CHIEF list server send E-mail to
listserver@unixmail.rtpnc.epa.gov.
In your message type subscribe CHIEF
. You will
receive articles from the newsletter as
well as announcementsrelevanttothe
functionsof EPA's Emission Factor and
Inventory Group.
If you have further questions about
EFIG products or projects, call Info
CHIEF, (919)541-5285.
AP-42 Supplement B Sections
Available!
The Emission Factor and Inventory
Group (EFIG) now has Compilation of
Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42)
Supplements sections available on the
CHIEF BBS and Fax CHIEF. New,
complete Supplement B sections that
are currently available include: 9.7—
Cotton Ginning; 11.7—Ceramic Clay
Manufacturing; and 12.20—Electro-
plating. Sections 9.12.1—Malt Bever-
ages and 11.23—Taconite Ore Manu-
facturing are expected to be available in
August. These sections can be found
under the "Supplement A & B to 5th
Edition" menu item under the "AP-42"
menu item on the CHIEF BBS. Also
look for a new draft section on Wood
Preserving under the "Draft Sections
Under Review" menu item. If you have
questions, call Info CHIEF, (919) 541-
5285. eg
EFIG PROJECTS ON
THEHORIZON
by Roy Huntley
EFIG/EMAD
The EFIG staff is continually revis-
ing and updating the Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) and
the Locating and Estimating (L&E)
document series on air toxics. Below
are some brief descriptions of projects
that are currently funded. We always
welcome comments about the value of
our efforts, and we especially welcome
data. Call Info CHIEF, (919) 541-5285
for questions or comments.
Projects currently underway:
Abrasive Blasting
Alumina
Arsenic L&E document
Bread Baking
Brick & Related Clay Products
Coke Production
Distilled Liquors
FIRE Update
Grain Elevators
Hot Mix Asphalt
Lead L&E document
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
Organic Liquid Storage (TANKS)
Paved Roads
Surface Coal Mining
Unpaved Roads
New Starts:
Mercury L&E document
Update Internal Combustion Engines
Update Natural Gas Combustion
Update Boiler NOx (emission factors
from the Acid Rain Program)
Steel Manufacturing
INDUSTRIAL
COMBUSTION
COORDINATED
RULEMAKING (ICCR)
by Amanda Agnew, ESD/OAQPS
The Combustion Group in the Of-
fice of Air Quality Planning and Stan-
dards is taking an alternative approach
for the regulating of industrial-commer-
cial-institutional (ICI) combustion
sources. Because ICI facility operators
have several options available for gen-
eration of thermal energy and combus-
tion of fuels and non-hazardous waste
streams, an integrated approach for
examining and regulating ICI combus-
tion activities seems more feasible.
This process is called (ICCR). The over-
all goal of the ICCR is to develop a
unified set of Federal air emissions
regulations through a highly participa-
tory and coordinated process that will
result in reducing toxic and criteria air
pollutant emissions. Also, it is antici-
pated that a coordinated process will
result in more consistent regulations
with greater environmental benefits at a
lower cost than piecemeal regulations.
REGULATORY BACKGROUND
Five categories of ICI combustion
(continued page 8)
CTC News page 3
-------
SMALL BUSINESS UPDATE
Deborah M. Elmore, Federal SBAP Coordinator, CTC/OAQPS
S B A P FORUM
Welcometo the SBAP Forum. For each issue, we will invite one or more of our State or local Small Business Assistance
Programs to discuss successful and innovative activities that may be of interest to their colleagues across the country.
SUCCESS STORY!
John A. Bernardo, Coordinator
BAP, Tucson, AZ
A wrecking yard was cited for 23
violations (NOVs) of several environ-
mental codes during an inspection.
Two days later, staff from the
department's Business Assistance
Program (BAP) spent four hours dis-
cussing the individual violations and
suggesting methods for returning to
compliance with the business owner. A
compliance plan was developed by the
owner, inspector, and assistance staff.
During these discussions, the
owner confided to assistance staff that
since receiving the NOVs, he had been
swamped with phone calls from other
wreckingyard owners asking what hap-
pened, Would his business be shut
down, and what abouttheir business? It
seemed many of the violations proved
to be standard operating procedure for
wrecking yards.
Upon learning about the wide-
spread concern, BAP staff planned a
half-day seminar forwrecking yard and
auto shop owners concerning appli-
cable environmental regulations and
waste minimization techniques. The
owner cited for the 23 NOVs actively
participated in the development of the
seminar and served as a principal
speaker. Though his voice was a bit
shaky, he was able to relate his experi-
ences with the Agency, including the
assistance provided, and furthered the
rapport between the department and
the regulated community in ways no
government representative could ever
hope to achieve.
Small Business assis-
tance staff would do well to
look for ways of not only
encouraging environmen-
tal compliance forthe indi-
vidual offender, but maxi-
mizing efforts by providing
assistanceto all members.
MASSACHUSETTS
PRINTERS
PARTNERSHIP
PROGRAM (MP2)
by George Frantz,
Office of Technical Assistance/SBAP
The Massachusetts Printers Part-
nership(MP2) is ajoint project involving:
• Printers, consultants and vendors to
the printing industry
• Printing Industries of New England
(PINE)
• Massachusetts Department of Envi-
ronmental Protection (DEP)
• OTA's Small Business Assistance
Program (OTA/SBAP)
• EPA - New England Environmental
Assistance Team (NEEAT).
• Screen and Graphic Imaging Associa-
tion.
The pilot program began last spring
with a series of meetings involving print-
ers and agency personnel, at which the
group identified both environmental
concerns in the printing industry and a
set of environmental criteria which
would indicate that best environmental
management practices were being fol-
lowed.
MP2 allows printers to come into
compliance with the newprotocolssim-
ply, inexpensively and in multi-media
fashion. It imposes some additional
requirements, both in photo wastewater
discharge and in air emissions, which
will assure industry-wide emissions re-
ductions based on pollution prevention
(P2). Program elements follow:
Aggressive out-
reach, including the
development of a
"plain language work-
book" or printers,
which will detail com-
pliance requirements
to which printers are
subject and closely coordinated pro-
gram materials which will lead the indi-
vidual printing plant manager in a step-
by-step self-certification process. OTA
is hosting a series of six half-day work-
shops and clinics at convenient sites
across the state, jointly funded by DEP,
EPA-New England and OTA.
RegulatoryReform,the Partnership
enrollment, will replace virtually all envi-
ronmental permits typically required of
small and midsize printers and a six
month enforcementmoratoriumto allow
Partnershipmembersto come into com-
pliance.
Pre and post-program sampling to
determine level of improved environ-
mental performance, according to es-
tablished measures of success and a
carefully selected statistical sample.
EPA has placed a high priority on dem-
onstration projects which validate the
concept of improving environmental
performance by creating incentives for
voluntary compliance. There was resis-
tance to the concept of beginning a
cooperative program with inspections,
but this was deemed essential to estab-
lish a baseline. Fifty inspections were
agreed upon and conducted under en-
forcementdiscretion, there would be no
penalty except in extreme situations.
Strong public relations efforts, in-
volving key state officials and represen-
tatives of the printing industry, working
with statewide media to tout the pro-
gram and encourage consumers to pa-
tronize printers who display the MP2
logo.
Handy Dry Cleaners
Special - 5 Shirts
for One Dollar!
Clyde's
Copies
Color
Copies
Too!!!
CTC News page 4
-------
$1.5 MILLION IN SMALL
BUSINESS ASSISTANCE
GRANTS TO 15STATES
by Deborah Elmore
FSBAP/OAQPS
In late September, the Federal
SBAP announced grant awardstotaling
$1.5 million for 10 model small business
assistanceprojectsin 15 states. These
grants will be implemented by state
Small Business Assistance Programs;
states will use these grants to address
air pollution issues as well as water,
waste, and other environmental con-
cerns. The funds will be utilized to
demonstrate effective ways of provid-
ing regulatory assistance tosmall busi-
nesses. The program will emphasize
(1) pollution prevention as an alterna-
tive to traditional governmental "com-
mand and control" techniques; and
(2)integration with existing small busi-
ness assistance providers, such as
state pollution prevention programs,
and university run Small Business De-
velopment Centers(SBDCs) supported
by the U.S. Small Business Administra-
tion (SBA). These grants are funded
through a section of President Clinton's
Environmental Technology Initiative
(ETI) which focuses on pollution pre-
vention as a means for reducing barri-
ers to pollution control innovation by
small businesses. ETI was launched by
President Clinton in 1993 to spur the
development and use of innovative
methods to protect the environment
and enhance the competitiveness of
the U.S. environmental technology in-
dustry. The states selected for grants
are Connecticut, Virginia, Florida, Min-
nesota, Arkansas, Kansas, Utah, and
Nevada, along with two multi-state ef-
forts (Texas/New Mexico/Oklahoma,
and Washington/Oregon/Alaska/
Idaho). Each state and multi-state
project will get $150 thousand to be
spentwithinthreeyears. EPAaskedall
states in the country to apply for the
grants, and the Agency picked the sub-
mittals containing the most innovative
methods of assisting small business.
States are required to match federal
funds by at least 20 percent, either in
dollars or resources. For further infor-
mation, contact Deborah Elmore at
919-541-5437.
NEW LANDFILL AIR
EMISSIONS MODEL
by Bob Blaszczak
CTC/OAQPS
The Landfill Air Emission Model is
available on the CTC BBS and HOME
PAGE. It provides an automated esti-
mation tool for quantifying emissions
from municipal waste landfills. The
model estimates emissions of methane,
carbon dioxide, nonmethane organic
compounds, and toxic air pollutants.
Informationon the assumptions used in
the model can be found in the back-
ground information document (NTIS #
PB91-197061) written to support the
Municipal Landfill New Stationary Per-
formance Standards (NSPS),
40CFR60 SubpartWWW, and Guide-
lines for Control of Existing Sources,
40CFR60 Subpart Cc, and in the public
docket, Docket A-88-09. This article
contains information on the beta release
versions of the Landfill AirEmissions
Estimation Model for DOS (Version 2.0)
and Microsoft* Windows (Version 1.0).
The Landfill Air Emissions Model is
regarded as a screening tool to deter-
mine which landfill sites may require
control forthe Clean Air Act regulations
promulgated in March 1996. The model
can be used with site specific data, or it
can be used with default values which
reflect the expected maximum emis-
sions. The rule uses a tiered approach.
The first tier relies on defaults and later
tiers use field test data to help better
characterize landfill emissions.
The model can also be used for
estimatingtypical landfill emissionsand
is suggested for use in developing esti-
mates for state inventories. A second
set of defaults is provided (the AP-42
defaults). The AP-42 default values are
based on emission factors from the
EPA's Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors, Fifth Edition, AP-42
(EP1995). As of this writing, the AP-42
values have been revised and are avail-
able for public comment. The beta
version of this software includes the
revised AP-42 suggested defaults.
Once the AP-42 revisions are published
as final, the defaults in these models will
be revised to reflect any changes. This
is anticipated for laterthis year. Until the
values are considered final, the model
will be referred to as a beta version.
An IBM-compatible personal com-
puter with at least one floppy diskdrive
and 4 megabytes of memory is recom-
mendedforthis program. The Windows
version requires Windows 3.1 or better.
The DOS version requires DOS 2.0 or
better. All software components of the
models for this beta release are fully
functional.
The CTC BBS and HOME PAGE
have versions of the Landfill Air Emis-
sions Estimation Model for DOS and
Windows. Each model is provided in a
separate self-expanding ZIP file
(LAND_DOS.EXE for the DOS version
and LAND_WIN.EXE for the Windows
version). Just download the appropri-
ate version and put it in its own directory.
To extract the files, either double-click
(continued page 7)
Control Technology Center NEWS
The CTC NEWS is a quarterly publication of
the U.S.EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC).
The CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no cost,
technical assistance service for all State and local
(S/l) air pollution control agency's and EPA Re-
gional Office staffs. For others, some services may
be on a cost reimbursable basis. The CTC offers
quick access to EPA experts and expertise via the
CTC HOTLIN E and the CTC Bulletin Board, and in-
depth technical support through source specific
Engineering Assistanee Projectsor more generic
Technical Guidance Projects. The CTC is oper-
ated by the Air Pollution Prevention and Control
Division, National Risk Management Research
Laboratory and the InformationTransferand Pro-
gram Integration Division, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards in Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina.
If you have any air pollution emission or con-
trol questions, orwould like more information about
the CTC and the types of technical assistance
available,CALLTHE CTC HOTLINE!
(919)541-0800
Publicationof the CTC NEWS does not signify
thatthe contents necessarily reflectthe views and
policies of the U.S.EPA, nor does the mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsementor recommendation for use.
CTC News page 5
-------
RBLC ADDS MORE
NEW FEATURES
by Jo Ann Kerrick
VfGYAN
The RACT/BACT/LAER Clearing-
house (RBLC) continues to make im-
provements to helpyou work more effi-
ciently. Look for the features described
below on the TIN now. We think you'll
like what you see.
Comprehensive Search for Pollutants
The Query module of the RBLC
information system is frequently used to
search any of the RBLC data bases for
specific pollutants. Pollutants are
most often entered with the name of
their chemical formula, for example
"CO" for carbon monoxide. How-
ever, it has been difficult to stan-
dardize names for some of the crite-
ria pollutants: NOx, PM/PM10,
SOx, and VOC. For example, par-
ticulate matter may be entered as
PM, PM10, orTSP. Because state
and local agencies may use different
terminology in their permits, they
enter their determinations using al-
ternative namesfor some
pollutants. While this flex-
ibility on naming allows
userstotailortheRBLCto
their own permits, it also
makes it more difficult to find all of
the data base entries for a particular
pollutant.
The RBLC now has an option to
insure that you find all information re-
lated to a particular criteria pollutant.
The Query module detects when you
are trying to search for a criteria pollut-
ant and asks whether you want to per-
form a comprehensive search. If you
do, the system searches for all appro-
priate variations of the pollutant name.
This comprehensive search looks for
the pollutant name you specified plus
any alternative names. Otherwise, you
can choose to search just for the name
you entered. The search prompt ap-
pears wheneveryou search for a pollut-
ant name that equals one of these four
criteria pollutants. The comprehensive
search for pollutants is available with
eitherthe standard or advanced search
options.
Changes in the RBLC Data Fields
All of the data screens in the RBLC
have been revised to reflect changes
made to the data base structure at the
facility, process, and pollutant levels.
At the facility level, the number of dates
tracked by the system has been re-
duced from 10 to 4. Infrequently used
dates have been removed, and the four
remainingdateseach use athree-char-
acterflag to indicate whetherthe date is
an estimate or an actual date. Remov-
ing the extraneous dates simplified the
facility data screen and also freed up
enough space to display the initial por-
tion of the facility notes on the same
screen as the otherfacility data. At the
process level, three new fields have
been added for notes specific to the
process or to compliance verification.
In addition, the boiler size field has
been deleted, and a field for primary
fuel added. The changes at the pollut-
ant level may not be immediately visible
because the screen looks essentially
the same. However, if you've ever tried
to enter cost information, you'll notice
the difference. The cost fields no longer
include a decimal point, so the system
now has room to store larger cost val-
ues. The problems several users have
had entering large capital costs should
be resolved with this change.
While we were working on all the
RBLC modules, we made several mis-
cellaneous updates. First, BLIS has
been replaced with RBLC. Secondly,
we changed the warning screens to
appear in red so that they are more
visible to users. Last but not least,
determinations are listed in order of
RBLC ID in the view list in the Query
module. Previously, facilities were
listed in the order that they were added
to the data base, which meant that all
entries for one state did not necessarily
appear together.
BROWSE Module Added for
RBLC Data Base
A new "Browse" option, available
from the RBLC main menu, lets you
select from a list of process types and
search the data base for all determina-
tions of that type. You can even search
for a major category of process type to
viewthe complete set of determinations
in all of the subcategories for that pro-
cess category. For example, searching
for process type 11.000 will find all
external combustion processes from
11.001 to 11.999. In Browse, the view
list is sorted by facility name so that you
can readily find determinations of inter-
est to you. A "Jump" option lets you
move quickly to the facility name that
begins with a given letter.
In addition to viewing the facilities
on-line, you can mark selected facilities
and download them to your local PC. A
"Mark" option at the facility list lets you
mark or unmark all of the facilities cur-
rently displayed on the screen, or you
can mark/unmark a single facility. The
Browse module works in much the
same way as the Browse module for the
regulations data base. Use Browse if
you are just interested in a particular
process type and are uncomfortable
with building search criteria. Browse
displays a list of process types for you to
choose from and then automatically
builds a query and searches the data
base. The Query module is still avail-
able to search for other types of infor-
mation.
CTC News page 6
-------
WHAT'S NEW ON THE
RBLC
by Jo Ann Kerrick
VfGYAN
Information in the RACT/BACT/
LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) is up-
dated nearly every month as users sub-
mit new control technology determina-
tionsto the data base. In addition to this
information, the RBLC support staff
continues to make changes to keep the
system current. If you haven't been on
the RBLC BBS lately, check the TIN
now for the updates described below.
New RBLC Data Fields in Standalone
Editor
As you may
have noticed, we re-
cently changed the
RBLC data base
structure by remov-
ing extraneous dates
atthe facility level and adding newfields
for notes about compliance verification
at the process level. In addition, the
cost fields at the pollutant level were
expandedto accommodate larger num-
bers. In September we released a new
version of the RBLC standalone editor
designed to be compatible with these
changes.
The standalone editor is an alterna-
tive to online entry of new control tech-
nology information. You can input new
determinations locally on your PC and
then transfer the data to the RBLC
system administratorfor inclusion in the
online data base. While we were
changing the system to be compatible
with the new data base, we made some
more changes to simplify the editor. We
removed the edit menu and moved its
functionsto the facility list screen. Now
you can make all updates to your deter-
minations, including adding new ones,
from a single screen. Another new
option at the facility list screen lets you
deleteall of your old determinations and
start with a blankdata base. (You would
use this option after you have sent your
data to the RBLC). We hope these
changes make the system easier and
quickertouse. If you are responsible for
submitting your agency's determina-
tions, you might want to try the
standaloneeditor. All the files you need
and installation instructions can be
downloaded from the RBLC BBS.
Ranking Reports Updated
The RBLC ranking report compares
pollutantemissionsfor a single process
type and one pollutant. Typically you
perform a search for the target informa-
tion, and then download your results
using the ranking report format. Based
on standard emission limits for each
applicable determination, the report
presents statistics based on these limits
and then reports them in rank order
listing from most to least stringent.
Because the RBLC Ranking report
can be a valuable reference for users
making RACT, BACT, or LAER determi-
nations, the RBLC staff has generated
ranking reports forspecific process type
and pollutant combinations. The re-
ports are available for downloading to
your PC without doing a query. In
October all of these reports were up-
dated to reflect the latest information in
the then current RBLC data base. If you
want quick access to ranking informa-
tion, look for these reports in the Down-
load section of the RBLC BBS.
Regulation Data Base Updated
When it became available in late
1994, the regulation data base con-
tained summaries of New Source Per-
formance Standards (NSPS) and Na-
tional Emission Standards for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) rules then
in effect. Subsequently, we expanded
the data base to include entries for
Maximum Achievable Control Technol-
ogy (MACT) standards. As of Novem-
ber 1995, the data base contained 105
rules, with 21 ofthem updated to reflect
rules proposed or promulgated in 1995.
Starting in 1996, we plan to add summa-
ries of Control Technology Guidance
(CTG) documents. If you need sum-
mary information about current federal
rules, the regulation data base is a good
place to start.
Help Rearranged for Process Type
Codes
The RBLC uses numeric codes to
group processes by category, such as
combustion, surface coating, mineral
processing, etc. In fact, searching for
the appropriate process type code can
be the quickest way to get the control
technology information you need. Per-
forming these searches with the menu-
drivensearchjust became a little easier.
You still choose a major category from
a two-page display of 2-digit process
type codes from 10 to 99. Now, how-
ever, the system displays the list of
available detail codes in alphabetical
order by the process name, rather than
in numeric order. You can quickly scan
the list for the process you want and find
the appropriate code for it. We hope this
improvement makes the RBLC easier
to use. gg
LANDFILL
(continued from page 5)
on the file name in the Windows File
Manager or type the file name in DOS
and hit enter. (NOTE: All software
componentsfor each version should be
located in the same directory prior to
execution.)
For the DOS MODEL, go to the
directory that contains the expanded
files and type LANDFILL, to execute the
model. (SPECIAL NOTE: Hercules
graphics card users should executethe
MSHERC.COM program prior to run-
ning the model. This component is
required to view graphical output with
these cards).
For the WINDOWS MODEL, use
the FILE-RUN selections from the File
Manager menu to execute the
LANDWIN.EXE file to start the model.
(Additional Note: This program will
makea modificationtoyourWIN.INI file
to save setup information about the
model.)
More details about the design and
use of both the DOS and Windows
versions of the landfill model are pro-
vided in the User's Manual, Landfill Air
Emissions Model. This manual is also
available on the CTC BBS and HOME
PAGE.
For questions/problems with the model
contact Susan Thorneloe at:
E-Mail:
thorneloe.susan@epamail.epa.gov
FAX:(919)541-2382 or (919) 541-7885
MAIL: U.S. EPA/APPCD, MD-63, RTP,
NC 27711
CTC News page 7
-------
SELECTED EPA
REPORTS NOW ON CTC
BBS!
By Joe Steigerwald
CTC, OAQPS
The most popular new items in the
CTC BBS' Downloading area are the
NOx Alternative Control Documents
(ACTs). In the last fewweeks electronic
copies of 6 of the 9 NOx ACTs have
been placed on the CTC BBS. The
ACTs that are currently available are:
cement; nitric and adipic acid manufac-
turing; gas turbines; iron and steel;
glass manufacturing; and process heat-
ers. One of the remaining three ACTs,
internal combustion engines, should be
availableshortly along with the OAQPS
Control Cost Manual which provides
comprehensive procedures and data
forsizing and costing control equipment
and is being updated with a
few remaining minor
changes to incorporate
all the chapters. The
final two NOx ACT,
nonindustrial
Nitric Acid ACT
CementACT
Gas Turbine ACT
Iron & Steel ACT
Glass Mfg. ACT
Process Heater ACT
Cost Escalation Indices
LowConc. VO Report
boilers and in-
dustrial boil-
ers, may not
be available
for a month or
two but they
will be on the
CTC BBS as
soon as pos-
sible. In addi-
tion to the
ACTs, copies
of the 1994
CTC Annual
Report, a report on
escalation indices
for air pollution con-
trol costs, a revised status list of the
newerCTG and ACT documents, and a
report entitled "Survey of Control Tech-
nologies for Low Concentration Organic
Vapor Gas Streams" have also been
placed on the CTC BBS for download-
ing. Seethe man with a complete list of
new files available.
As a matter of background informa-
tion on the ACTs: Congress, in the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
(CAAA), amended Title I of the Clean
Air Act (CAA) . A new Subpart 2 was
added to Part D of Section 103. Section
183© of the new Subpart 2 provides
that:
[wjithin 3 years after the date of the
enactment of the [CAAA], the Adminis-
trator shall issue technical documents
which identify alternative controls for all
categories of stationary sources
of...oxides of nitrogen which emit, or
have the potential to emit 25 tons per
year or more of such air pollutant.
Each source category for which an
ACT has been issued has been identi-
fied as a stationary source that emits
more than 25 tons of NOx per year.
Each ACT document provides technical
information for use by State and local
agencies to develop and implement
regulatory programs to control NOx
emissions. The information in an ACT
document is generated from previous
EPA documents, literature searches
and contacts with industry; engineering
firms; control equipment ven-
dors; and federal, state, and local
regulatory agencies.
All of the ACT documents as
well as the other new items on
the CTC BBS, are available in a
variety of formats. The CTC
BBS usually offers reports in
WordPerfect 5.x and
WordPerfect for Windows 6.1
formats as a matter of course.
We also try to put documents up
in ASCII text format when the
conversion into ASCII will not
cause the loss of important in-
formation or formatting. In addition,
we have recently been putting up
graphic intensive reports in Envoy for-
mat. The Envoy format is nice because
it allows any user using Microsoft Win-
dows to view and print the report. In
addition, for very large reports, the En-
voy format shrinks the size of the file
somewhat.
So, sign into the OAQPS Technol-
ogy Transfer Network and log in to the
CTC area and download a file today!
ICCR
(continued from page 3)
sources are scheduled for regulation
undersection112, and/orsection 129of
the Clean Air Act. The ICCR would also
consider regulations under section 111
for the five categories. The source
categories are as follows: ICI boilers,
process heaters, solid waste
incinerators,stationary gas turbines,
and stationary internal combustion en-
gines. The Clean Air Act requires regu-
lations for most of the above categories
to be promulgated by November 2000.
BENEFITS OF ICCR
The ICCR offers considerable ben-
efits to all stakeholders, including envi-
ronmental groups, the regulated com-
munity, and state/local regulatory agen-
cies. For example:
Opportunity for stakeholders to
shape regulatory development and in-
fluence the outcome.
A wider range of pollutants and
sources will be addressed in a coordi-
nated fashion.
More cost-effective and less costly
regulations.
The potential for conflicting ordupli-
cative regulations will be avoided.
Simpler regulations, Compliance
flexibility.
Stakeholder resource savings.
Improved scientific basis for regula-
tion.
The proposed process relies on in-
terested stakeholders to play a key role
in all phases of regulatory development
through representation or membership
on a Coordinating Committee and
Source WorkGroups,formed underthe
auspices of the Federal Advisory Com-
mittee Act.
The general communication plan
for this project is to keep interested
persons appraised on the status of the
rulemaking and to transfer information
by using EPA's TTN bbs. The ICCR
board on the TTN has been operational
since June 19, 1996 and will serve this
purpose. For more information, please
referto the document, "Industrial Com-
bustion Coordinated Rulemaking - Pro-
posed Organizational Structure and
Process". It can be obtained through
the TTN.
CTC News page 8
-------
CTC RESOURCES ORDER FORM
The CTC provides reports and software resulting from its efforts to government personnel free of charge. (Others may orderthem from the National
Technical InformationService usingthe "PB" numbers shown here.) Below is a list of CTC resources published in the past two years. The CTC is happy to
provide its resources to government personnel. However, because of the large response we anticipate to this list, we ask that you limit your request to the
resourcesfor which you have an immediate need and the quantity to one. To order CTC resources, COMPLETE FORM AND MAIL INFORMATION (on
reverse side), CUTOUT FORM, FOLD, STAPLE/TAPE CLOSED, APPLY POSTAGE AND MAILTOTHE CTC.
REFNO.AIRTOXICS
94 ( ) "Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition Samples from Easton, PA," EPA-600/R-93-057, PB93-181600
95 () "Alternative Control Technology Document- Carbon Reactivation Processes," EPA-453/R-92-019, PB93-180826
100 () "Air Emissions and Control Technology for Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations," EPA-453/R-93-025, PB94-120219
106 () "Evaluation of Mercury Emissions from Fluorescent Lamp Crushing," EPA-453/R-94-018, PB94-175932
114 () "Evaluation of Emissions from Paving Asphalts," EPA-600/R-94-135, PB95-129110
133 () "HAP-PRO Model User's Manual, Version 2.0," EPA-456/B-94-002, PB95-503181 (software and user manual);
PB95-172987 (manual only)
141 () "New Regulation Controlling Air Emissions from Chromium Electroplating and Anodizing Tanks,"EPA-453/F-95-001
142 ( ) "New Regulation Controlling Air Emissions from Solvent Cleaning Machines (Degreasers)," EPA-453/F-94-083
143 () "A Guidebook on How to Comply with the Chromium Electroplating and Anodizing NESHAP," EPA-453/B-95-001
PB95-220604
144 ( ) "Guidance Document for the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP," EPA-453/R-94-081, PB95-216412
COMBUSTION
66 ( ) "Characterization of Emissions from the Simulated Open-Burning of Non-Metallic Automobile Shredder Residue,"
EPA-600/R-93-044, PB93-172914
78 ( ) "Evaluation Costing of NOx Controls for Existing Utility Boilers in the NESCAUM Region," EPA-453/R-92-010, PB93-142016
102 () "Emissions from Burning Cabinet Making Scraps," EPA-600/R-93-213, PB94-130408
105 () "Characterization of Air Emissions from Simulated Open Combustion of Fiberglass Materials,"EPA-600/R-93-239,
PB94-136231
108 () "Pilot-Scale Evaluation of the Potential for Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Combustion of Tire-Derived Fuel,"
EPA-600/R-94-070, PB94-169463
138 ( ) "Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions Study," EPA-456/R-95-001, PB95-240412
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
104 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology Determinations, Volume 1 -Third Supplement to the 1990
Edition," EPA 453/R-93-037a, PB94-111234
"RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology Determinations, Volume 2-Third Supplement to the 1990
Edition," EPA 453/R-93-037b, PB94-111572
145 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System (BLIS) User's Manual," EPA-456/B-95-003, PB96-183926
146 () "RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology Determinations," Fifth Supplement to the 1990 Edition,"
EPA 456/R-95-005, PB96-178942
148 () RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Flyer, October 1995
150 () "RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology Determinations, Sixth Supplement to the 1990 Edition",
EPA-456/R-96-002
VOC - Other Source Categories
75 ( ) "Alternate VOC Control Technique Options for Small Rotogravure and Flexography Facilities"
EPA-600/R-92-201, PB93-122307
93 () "Alternative Control Technology Document for Bakery Oven Emissions," EPA-453/R-92-017,PB93-157618
96 ( ) "Automobile Plant Spray Booth Cleaning Emission Reduction Technology Review," EPA-453/R-94-029, PB94-206257
101 ( ) "Initial Assessment of Emissions from Heat Setting Carpet Yarn," EPA-600/R-93-161, PB93-229862
110 ( ) Lithographic Printing ACT
111 ( ) DRAFT Model Rule for Wood Furniture
134 () "Survey of Control Technologies for Low Concentration Organic Vapor Gas Streams," EPA-456/R-95-003, PB95-241626
139 ( ) "Beyond VOC RACT CTG Requirements," EPA-453/R-95-010, PB95-239497
MISCELLANEOUS
Complete List of CTC Documents
"Managing Chemicals Safely, Putting It All Together," EPA-510/K-92-001
"The Clean Air Act of 1990: A Guide for Small Businesses," EPA 450/K-92-001
"OAQPS Cost Control Manual—Supplement 2, Gas Absorbers" EPA/450/3-90-006b, PB93-138147
"A Guidebook for Explaining Environmental Regulations to Small Businesses," EPA-453/B-93-023, PB94-120334
"Evaluation of the Polyad® With FB Air Purification & Solvent Recovery Process for Styrene Removal," EPA-600/R-93-212,
PB94-130317
107 () "OAQPS Cost Manual - Supplements, Hoods, Duct Work, Stacks," EPA-450/3-90-006c, PB94-177565
(continued page 10)
CTC News page 9
-------
112 () "Oil Suppression of Particulate Matter at Grain Elevators," EPA-453/R-94-049,
118 () "Evaluation of a Liquid Chemical Scrubber System forStyrene Removal," EPA-600/R-94-211, PB95-167359
137 () SAGE 2.1, "Solvent Alternatives Guide, User's Guide," EPA-600/R-95-049a
140 () "Control and Pollution Prevention Option for Ammonia Emissions," EPA-456/R-95-002, PB95-241790
147 () "Escalation Indexes for Air Pollution Control Costs," EPA-452/R-95-006
Global Greenhouse Gases Technology Transfer Center
80 () "Development of an Empirical Model of Methane Emissions From Landfills," EPA-600/R-92-037, PB92-152875
82 () "Landfill Gas Energy Utilization: Technology Options and Case Studies," EPA-600/R-92-116, PB92-203116
84 () "List of Papers and Reports for EPA's Research Program on Air Emissions from Landfills and Other Waste Management
Processes," updated 11/94
86 () "Landfill Gas Recovery/Utilization - Options and Economics," EPA-600/A-92-170, PB92-217066
88 () "Emissions and Mitigation at Landfills and Other Waste Management Facilities," EPA-600/R-92-116 (also
EPA-600/R-94-008), PB94-132180
120 ( ) "The Coprocessing of Fossil Fuels and Biomass for CO2 Emission Reduction in the Transportation Sector," 1993,
EPA-600/A-93-109, PB93-194165
121 () "Methane Emissions from Industrial Sources," 1993, EPA-600/A-94-089, PB94-174760
123 () "Landfill Gas Utilization -Technical and Non-Technical Considerations," March 1994, EPA-600/A-94-139, PB94-189651
124 () "Estimate of Methane Emissions from Coal Mines," 1993, EPA-600/J-93-249, PB93-212553
125 () "Landfill Gas and Its Influence on Global Climate Change," October 1993, EPA-600/A-93-240, PB94-113784
126 () "Methane Emissions from Landfills and Open Dumps," EPA-230/R-93-010
127 () "Methane Emissions from Wastewater Treatment and Disposal," EPA-230/R-93-010
128 () "Biomass Gasification Pilot Plant Study; Final Report," EPA-600/R-93-170, PB94-114766
129 () "Demonstration of Fuel Cells to Recover Energy from Landfill Gas Phase I Final Report: Conceptual Study,"
EPA-600/R-92-007, PB92-137520
130 () "Proceedings: The 1992 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Research Symposium," EPA-600/R-94-008,
PB94-132180
131 () "Estimate of Methane Emissions from U.S. Landfills," EPA-600/R-94-166, PB94-213519
132 () "Estimate of Methane Emissions from U.S. Natural Gas Operations," March 1994
135 () "Landfill Gas Utilization-Database of North American Projects," EPA-600/A-94-064, PB94-162773
136 () "Technological Considerations for Planning the Global Carbon Future," EPA-600/A-93-182, PB93-222008
NAME
PHONE
AFFILIATION
MAILINGADDRESS
CITY
STATE ZIP CODE
Put First Class
Mail Stamp
Here.
CTC(MD-83)
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27711
CTC News page 10
-------
TECHNOLOGY NOTEBOOK
REFRIGERATED
CONDENSERS IN HAP-PRO
Lyndon S. Cox
Senior Environmental Employee
There are two types of condensers:
the surface type and the contact type.
The Control Cost Manual (CCM) and
HAP-PRO (type 1) calculate only the
surface type. HAP-PRO defines a type
TABLE 1: Input Data Key
Data Symbol
Inlet Stream Flow Rate Qin
Inlet Stream Temperature Tn
VOC Inlet Volume Fraction yvocin
VOC Removal Efficiency c
Antoine Equation Constants A, B, C
Heat of Condensation (VOC) AHvoc
Heat Capacity of VOC Cpvoc
Specific Heat of Coolant C 'coo|
Heat Capacity of Air Cpair
Molar flow rate M
2 unit as one in which the area of the
heat exchanger is defined, not calcu-
lated.
In a contact condenser (not ad-
dressed in either CCM or HAP-PRO) a
refrigeration unit chills volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), similar to those
being removed. Chilled VOCs are
sprayed into the emission stream to
condense the vapors. Again, the CCM
and HAP-PRO do not address this type
of condenser.
The CCM and HAP-PRO do ad-
dress the surface type of condenser,
also known as the shell-and-tube type.
This type of condenser has the emis-
sion stream directed into a shell. Within
the shell, there are tubes which are
maintained at a low enough tempera-
ture to reduce the vapor pressure of the
VOCs. Condensation of VOC vapor
reduces the concentration. The emis-
sion stream is then exhausted. Part of
the design data is the level of VOC
which is acceptable in the exhaust.
The refrigeration system must be ca-
pableof handling the heat load given up
by the VOCs as heat of condensation.
And, if there is too much moisture in the
air, the ice on the tubes can impairheat
transfer, and the condenser will have a
lower control efficiencythan calculated.
Therefore, in emission streams that are
known to have a high moisture content,
a precooler is necessary. The precooler
operates at about 35°F to condense
most of the water.
The input data for the design of this
refrigeration unit is in Table 1. HAP-
PRO erroneously calls for the specific
heat of the coolant to be in Btu/hr-ff-°F;
it should be in Btu/lb-°F. However,
as long as the
correct numeri-
cal value is
given, it will
compute prop-
erly.
The air is con-
sidered to be
noncondensible,
which is true at
these tempera-
tures. Since
the partial pres-
sure of the
VOC can be raised by either compres-
sion or cooling, it is a given in the
calculations that the condenser oper-
ates at atmospheric pressure. We must
calculatethe temperature at which con-
densation occurs.
First we use the equation:
Y (1-n)
Units
scfm (77°F, 1 atm)
°F
dimensionless ratio
percent as decimal
Btu/lb-mole
Btu/lb-mole-°F
Btu/lb-°F
Btu/lb-mole-°F
- 76°
i-Yvocjmet^)
HAP-PRO uses the less obvious, but
equivalent, calculation:
(1-O.rRE) *HAPe*1 a6
[1-(RE*10-8*HAPe)]
where
RE = Removal Efficiency
HAPe = HAP concentration in the
emission stream, ppm
This assumes that at the outlet the
gas stream is at equilibrium with the
VOC condensate.
In the CCM, this leads to the equa-
tion :Tcon = (B -C)
Now we know the temperatures we
must obtain. The heat load is then equal
to- H, =AH + AH +AH
load con uncon noncon
where:
AHcon =enthalpy change of condensed VOC
AH" = M [AH +C (T -T )1
con voc,conL voc p,voc^ in con'J
M =M -M
voc,con voc,in voc out
Mvoc,out=Mvoc,in(1-Tl)
A H uncon=erthaty charge of incondensed VOC
uncon voc,out p,voc* in con'
AHnoncon= [(60Q|n/392)-Mvoc in]Cp ,air(Tin-Tcon)
HAP-PRO computes the number of
moles in the inlet stream:
HAP =
_(Q£_.HAPe.10-6)*60
392
Then the number of moles in the
outlet stream: HAPom = HAPem*[i-(RE)]
100
Then the number of moles con-
densed iS: HAPcon= HAPem"HAPom
Then HAP-PRO computesthe heat
load just as the CCM does it, but errone-
ously uses the C air instead of the C voc
in computation of the enthalpy change
in the uncondensed VOC. This minor
error was not previously discovered
because it is negligible.
Next, the CCM addresses the heat
exchanger or condenser. The Chemi-
cal Engineers Handbook gives values
of 20 to 60 Btu/hr-ft2-°F for examples of
brine cooled tubes condensing VOC.
The CCM uses a conservative heat
transferestimateofU = 20Btu/hr-ft2-°F.
HAP-PRO uses this as the default
value, but allows other values to be
entered.
The coolant is brine, which must be
chilled to about 15 °F belowthe conden-
sation temperature. The temperature
of the brine will rise to 25 °F above the
condensationtemperaturein a properly
sized counterflow heat exchanger.
These values must be used in the fol-
lowing equations.
The condenser then becomes de-
fined by:
Acon=H,oad/U AT|m
The coolant flow rate is given by:
cool" load p,cool^ cool,out" cool,in'
And the refrigeration capacity is defined
as:
R = H|oad/12,000 tons
The flaws that have been detected
will be corrected.
CTC News page 11
-------
CTC ASSISTANCE ]
No cost assistance to staff of State and Local agencies, EPA Regional Offices, and others on air pollution control technology issues.
CTC HOTLINE: CALL (919) 541 -0800 to access E PA expert staff for consultations, references to pertinent literature, or access to E PA technical data and
analyses. No question is too simple!
CTC FAX: You can send a request for any CTC service listed here by FAX. Our Fax numbers are: (919) 541-0242 or (919) 541-0361.
CTC BBS: Call (919) 541 -5742 for up to 14400 baud modem to access the CTC Bulletin Board. Set communications parameters to 8 data bits, N parity, and
1 stop bit, and use a terminal emulation of VT100 orVT/ANS I. You may leave HOTLIN E requests, order documents, suggest projects, and download documents
and software. The BBS is part of the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN). In addition, the TTN may be accessed via the Internet at
'ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov'orthrough the EPA Home Page on the World Wide Web. The TTN also has an FTP site fordownloading files at 'ttnftp.rtpnc.epa.gov'.
FEDERALSMALLBUSINESSASSISTANCEPROGRAM(FSBAP): The FSBAP is available through the SBAP BBS on the TTN (see CTC BBS for
connectioninformation),orthe CTC HOTLINE or FAX. The FSBAP provides supportto State Small Business Assistance Programs.
US-MEXICO INFORMATION CENTERON AIR POLLUTION (C\C&-Centrodelnformacionsobre Contamination deAir$: Call the CICA Information
US Border.
INTERNET/WORLD-WIDE WEB ACCESS: Send E-Mail to'blaszczak.bob@epamail.epa.gov'. In addition, you may access our services thro ugh the following
sites:
ForCTC-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/ctc.html'
For FSBAP-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/sbap.html
For CICA-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/cica/CICA/
RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE (RBLC): The RBLC data base is available on the OAQPS TTN BBS (see CTC BBS forconnection information). The
emission standards and control techniques guidelines.
ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE PROJECTS: If you need in-depth assistance concerning a specific control technology or pollution prevention problem, contact
the CTC. EPA staff and contractors are available for short-term projects such as review of proposed or existing control or prevention measures. Projects are
subjectto CTC Steering Committee approval.
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS: The CTC may also respond to a number of similar requests on issues of national or regional interest by undertak-
ing broad, long-term projects. The result may be a control technology document, PC software, seminar, or workshop.
INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES (ITTCGGG): Call the CTC HOTLINE to access
ITTCGGG informationon greenhouse gas emissions, prevention, mitigation, and control strategies.
I MAIL: Address conventional mail inquiries to: CTC (MD-12), U.S. EPA, RTP, NC 27711. ;
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CTC News page 12
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